WO2018138246A1 - Dimer diol dilipoate and use thereof as an additive - Google Patents
Dimer diol dilipoate and use thereof as an additive Download PDFInfo
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- WO2018138246A1 WO2018138246A1 PCT/EP2018/051934 EP2018051934W WO2018138246A1 WO 2018138246 A1 WO2018138246 A1 WO 2018138246A1 EP 2018051934 W EP2018051934 W EP 2018051934W WO 2018138246 A1 WO2018138246 A1 WO 2018138246A1
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- diol
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D409/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- C07D409/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings
- C07D409/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M135/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium
- C10M135/32—Heterocyclic sulfur, selenium or tellurium compounds
- C10M135/34—Heterocyclic sulfur, selenium or tellurium compounds the ring containing sulfur and carbon only
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M141/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M125/00 - C10M139/00, each of these compounds being essential
- C10M141/08—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M125/00 - C10M139/00, each of these compounds being essential at least one of them being an organic sulfur-, selenium- or tellurium-containing compound
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
- C10M2203/1006—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen used as base material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
- C10M2203/102—Aliphatic fractions
- C10M2203/1025—Aliphatic fractions used as base material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2219/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium compounds in the ring
- C10M2219/102—Heterocyclic compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium compounds in the ring containing sulfur and carbon only in the ring
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/06—Oiliness; Film-strength; Anti-wear; Resistance to extreme pressure
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a new type of diester, to a process for the preparation thereof, to its uses as an anti-wear additive, friction modifying additive and / or extreme pressure additive, as well as to compositions comprising it, in particular lubricating compositions.
- the anti-wear additives, friction modifier and extreme pressure are particularly used in the field of lubricants.
- a lubricating composition generally comprises an oil, usually the major constituent (the constituent whose content is the highest), and one or more additive (s).
- An additive is used to enhance one or more intrinsic property (s) of the oil and / or provide it with one or more additional property (s).
- An anti-wear additive reduces the wear of parts, such as metal parts, when they come into contact.
- Anti-wear additives include polysulfides, dithiocarbamates, chlorinated paraffins, phosphates and thio-phosphates.
- Zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate (ZDDP) is one of the most used additives because it is particularly effective as anti-wear. However, this additive has a high toxicity. The decomposition of the ZDDP releases various sulfur gases, such as hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) and mercaptans.
- a friction modifying additive reduces the friction between parts when they come into contact.
- esters such as glycerol mono oleate (GMO), certain fatty acids and amides such as oleate diethanolamide (ODEA) can be mentioned.
- GMO glycerol mono oleate
- ODEA oleate diethanolamide
- An extreme pressure additive prevents galling of metal parts by increasing the resistance to pressure and / or heat of the oil in the lubricant composition.
- the most widely used extreme pressure additives are compounds based on sulfur, phosphorus and / or chlorine. However, these types of compounds are not without impact on the environment because they contain significant levels of phosphorus, sulfur and / or chlorine.
- the US Environmental Protection Agency has already banned the use of short-chained chlorinated paraffins and will gradually legislate on long chains whose toxicity is recognized. This evolution of the legislation will lead to the gradual replacement of chlorinated paraffins by other less toxic extreme pressure additives such as sulfur and phosphorus derivatives.
- the contacts and friction of metal surfaces are particularly used in applications such as metal working (cutting, stamping, forming, ...), for which projections of lubricants may be rejected in the environment.
- the invention relates to a dilipoate of dimer (s) diol.
- a dimer (s) diol dilipoate may also be called bis [5- (1, 2-dithiolan-3-yl) pentanoate] dimer (s) diol, or bis [6,8-dithiooctanoate] dimer (s) diol or dimer thioctate (s) diol.
- dimer (s) diol is meant a diol dimer or a mixture of diol dimers capable of being obtained by intermolecular dimerization of one or more unsaturated carboxylic acid (s), followed by a reduction of acid functions to alcohol functions.
- Each unsaturated carboxylic acid may have one or more unsaturations.
- the unsaturation is a double bond.
- Each unsaturated carboxylic acid preferably comprises at least 16, more preferably at least 18 carbon atoms.
- the unsaturated carboxylic acid is an unsaturated fatty acid derived from a renewable substance, such as vegetable oils, animal oils and animal fats.
- the unsaturated carboxylic acid is an unsaturated fatty acid having from 16 to 24 carbon atoms, preferably from 18 to 22 carbon atoms.
- the dimer (s) diol is a diol dimer. It can be obtained by intermolecular dimerization of an unsaturated carboxylic acid, in particular an unsaturated fatty acid.
- the diol dimer comprises from 32 to 48 carbon atoms, more preferably from 36 to 44 carbon atoms, more preferably still, the diol dimer comprises 36 carbon atoms.
- the diol dimer is obtained from oleic acid or linoleic acid.
- a diol dimer is a mixture of isomers each of which can have an acyclic or cyclic structure.
- the diol dimer comprises more than 50% by weight, more preferably more than 70% by weight of acyclic isomer (s), the percentages by mass being given on the total mass of diol dimer.
- acyclic isomer s
- the dimer (s) diol is a mixture of diol dimers capable of being obtained by intermolecular dimerization of several (at least two, preferably at least three) unsaturated carboxylic acids, in particular unsaturated fatty acids.
- the dimer (s) diol is a mixture of diol dimers each of which may independently comprise from 32 to 48 carbon atoms, preferably from 36 to 44 carbon atoms.
- the mixture of diol dimers is obtained from fatty acids of a vegetable oil selected from the group consisting of rapeseed oil, castor oil, sunflower oil, soybean oil , linseed oil and safflower oil.
- each diol dimer present in the diol dimer mixture may be in the form of different isomers.
- the mixture of diol dimers comprises more than 50% by weight, more preferably more than 70% by weight, of acyclic isomer (s), the percentages by mass being given on the total mass of diol dimers.
- acyclic isomer s
- At least 50%, preferably at least 60% by weight of dimer (s) diol on the total mass of dimer (s) diol has 36 carbon atoms and more than 50% by weight, preferably more than 70% by weight of dimer (s) diol, on the total mass of diol dimers, is acyclic.
- total mass of dimer (s) diol is meant the total mass of dimer diol molecules.
- the dimer dilipoate (s) diol according to the invention is capable of being obtained by esterification of a dimer (s) diol, with lipoic acid.
- the dimer (s) diol is as described above, including advantageous and preferential modes.
- Lipoic acid is also called 5- (1,2-dithiolan-3-yl) pentanoic acid, 6,8-dithiooctanoic acid or thioctic acid.
- the esterification is carried out at a temperature between 90 ⁇ € and 170 ° C, more preferably between 100 ° C and 160 ⁇ €, even more preferably from 1 to 10 ° C and 150 ° C.
- the esterification is carried out without a catalyst.
- the absence of catalyst has a significant economic advantage. In addition to saving on the cost of the catalyst itself, there is also a saving on the cost of the diol dimer dilipoate preparation process, for which it is not necessary to add a recovery step. catalyst, neutralization type and / or filtration. Another advantage is that the dimer dilipoate (s) diol is not contaminated by the presence, even in trace form, of catalyst. In the absence of catalyst, the reaction time generally lasts between 8 and 24 hours, preferably between 10 and 24 hours for a temperature between 1 1 ⁇ ' ⁇ and 150 ° C.
- the lipoic acid represents between 0.8 and 1.5 equivalents, more preferably between 0.9 and 1.3 equivalents, more preferably still between 0.95 and 1.15 equivalents relative to the alcohol functions of the dimer ( s) diol.
- the dimer dilipoate (s) diol is obtainable by a process including the preparation of the dimer (s) diol, the process then comprising the following steps:
- dimer dilipoate (s) diol esterifying the dimer (s) diol with lipoic acid to form dimer dilipoate (s) diol.
- the unsaturated carboxylic acid is as previously described.
- the reduction step may be carried out under hydrogen pressure, optionally using a catalyst such as lithium tetrahydroredaluminate, sodium hydride or diisobutylaluminum hydride.
- a catalyst such as lithium tetrahydroredaluminate, sodium hydride or diisobutylaluminum hydride.
- a step of esterification of the acid functions to ester functions may precede the reduction step to alcohols.
- the formation of the dimer (s) diol is carried out by reducing the ester functions to alcohol functions.
- the process may further comprise a purification step, such as a distillation, in order to isolate the diol dimer (s) by-product (s) and / or residual fatty acid (s).
- a purification step such as a distillation
- dimer dilipoate (s) diol is obtainable by a process comprising the following steps:
- the dimer dilipoate (s) diol preferably comprises from 48 to 64 carbon atoms. More preferably, from 52 to 60 carbon atoms, more preferably still, the dimer dilipoate (s) diol has 52 carbon atoms.
- the dimer (s) diol may be a mixture of diol dimers, then the dilipoate of dimer (s) diol may be a mixture of dilipoate diol dimers, preferably each comprising independently and from 48 to 64 carbon atoms, more preferably from 52 to 60 carbon atoms.
- Each dimer dilipoate diol may also be a mixture of isomers each of which can have an acyclic or cyclic structure.
- the dimer (s) diol dilipoate comprises more than 50% by weight, more preferably more than 70% by weight, of acyclic (s) isomer (s), the percentages by mass being given on the total mass of dilipoate dimer (s) diol.
- the dimer dilipoate (s) diol is acyclic.
- At least 50% by weight, preferably at least 60% by weight of dimer dilipoate (s) diol has 52 carbon atoms and more than 50% by weight, preferably more than 70% by weight of dimer dilipoate (s).
- diol is acyclic, the percentages by mass being given on the total mass of dimer dilipoate (s) diol.
- total mass of dimer (s) diol dilipoate is meant the total mass of diol dimer dilipoate molecules.
- the dimer dilipoate (s) diol is saturated.
- the invention also relates to a process for preparing a dimer (s) diol dilipoate by esterification between a dimer (s) diol and lipoic acid.
- the lipoic acid, the dimer (s) diol and the esterification are as described above, including the advantageous and preferred modes.
- the process for the preparation of the dimer (s) diol dilipoate may include the preparation of the dimer (s) diol, the process then comprises the following steps:
- dimer dilipoate (s) diol esterifying the dimer (s) diol with lipoic acid to form dimer dilipoate (s) diol.
- the unsaturated carboxylic acid is as previously described.
- the reduction step may be carried out under hydrogen pressure, optionally using a catalyst such as lithium tetrahydroredaluminate, sodium hydride or diisobutylaluminum hydride.
- a catalyst such as lithium tetrahydroredaluminate, sodium hydride or diisobutylaluminum hydride.
- a step of esterification of the acid functions to ester functions may precede the reduction step into alcohols.
- the formation of the dimer (s) diol is carried out by reducing the ester functions to alcohol functions.
- the process may further comprise a purification step, such as distillation, to isolate the diol dimer from the by-product (s) and / or the acid (s) residual fat (s).
- a purification step such as distillation
- the process for preparing the dimer (s) diol dilipoate comprises the following steps:
- the invention also discloses the uses of the dimer dilipoate (s) diol according to the invention.
- the invention discloses the use of the dimer dilipoate (s) diol according to the invention as an antiwear additive.
- dimer dilipoate (s) diol acted as an anti-wear additive.
- Dilipoate dimer (s) diol reduces wear during friction of parts when they come into contact. This effect is more fully described in Examples 2.2 and 2.4.
- the invention discloses the use of the dimer dilipoate (s) diol according to the invention as a friction modifier additive.
- dimer dilipoate (s) diol acts as a friction modifying additive.
- Dilipoate dimer (s) diol makes it possible to reduce the coefficient of friction during friction of parts when they come into contact. This effect is more fully described in Examples 2.3 and 2.4.
- the invention discloses the use of the dimer dilipoate (s) diol according to the invention as an extreme pressure additive.
- dimer dilipoate (s) diol acts as an extreme pressure additive. Indeed, the introduction of dilipoate dimer (s) diol in mineral oil reduces the time before breaking thereof when it is subjected to high pressures. This effect is more fully described in Example 2.5.
- the invention discloses the use of the diol dimer dilipoate according to the invention as a multi-property additive.
- dimer dilipoate (s) diol when dimer dilipoate (s) diol is added to a mineral oil, the latter has improved properties, especially in terms of wear, friction reduction and / or extreme pressure.
- dimer dilipoate (s) diol according to the invention is used as anti-wear additive, friction modifier additive and / or extreme pressure additive.
- the present invention also relates to a composition
- a composition comprising a dimer dilipoate (s) diol according to the invention and an oil.
- An oil is a hydrophobic substance that is in the liquid state at room temperature and atmospheric pressure.
- the oil may be selected from among mineral oils, natural oils and synthetic oils.
- Mineral oils are oils from petroleum refining. They consist essentially of carbon and hydrogen atoms, such as paraffinic oils, hydrorefined oils, hydrocracked oils and hydroisomerized oils.
- natural oils it is more particularly vegetable oils, animal or algae.
- Synthetic oils are obtained by chemical reaction between molecules of petrochemical origin and / or of renewable origin, with the exception of the usual chemical reactions that make it possible to obtain mineral oils (such as hydrorefining, hydrocracking, hydrocracking). hydroisomerization, etc.).
- mineral oils such as hydrorefining, hydrocracking, hydrocracking). hydroisomerization, etc.
- esters polyalkylene glycols (PAG) and polyalphaolefins (PAO).
- the composition according to the invention is a lubricating composition.
- the lubricating composition is a metal working oil, a motor oil, a transmission oil, a hydraulic oil, or a gear oil.
- the oil represents at least 50% by weight of the mass of the lubricating composition.
- the oil of the composition according to the invention is chosen from mineral oils and / or synthetic oils.
- the oil of the composition according to the invention is a mineral oil.
- Group I oils these oils have a saturated hydrocarbon content of less than 90% by mass, an aromatic hydrocarbon content of greater than 1.7% by mass, a sulfur content of greater than 0.03% by weight, and a viscosity number of 80 to 120;
- oils have a saturated hydrocarbon content of greater than 90% by mass, an aromatic hydrocarbon content of less than 1.7% by weight and a sulfur content of less than 0.03% by weight, and a viscosity number of 80 to 120;
- group III oils these oils have a saturated hydrocarbon content content of greater than 90% by mass, an aromatic hydrocarbon content of less than 1.7% by mass, a sulfur content of less than 0.03% by mass, and a viscosity number of greater than 120;
- the percentages by mass being given in relation to the mass of the oil are widely used in the metalworking industry.
- the oil of the composition according to the invention is a Group II mineral oil.
- the composition according to the invention comprises a quantity of dimer (s) diol dilipoate of at least 2% by weight, more preferably at least 3% by weight, more preferably still at least 3.5% by weight by weight. relative to the total mass of the composition.
- composition according to the invention further comprises an additive other than a dilipoate of dimer (s) diol.
- the additive other than a dilipoate of dimer (s) diol is chosen from the additives used in the field of lubricants, such as antioxidant additives, anti-wear additives, viscosity index improvers, friction modifying additives, extreme pressure additives, pour point depressants, anti-foaming additives, demulsifying additives, corrosion inhibiting additives, thickening additives, detergent additives and dispersant additives.
- the additive other than a dilipoate of dimer (s) diol may be chosen from: antioxidant additives, such as dialkyl dithiophosphates, substituted phenols and / or aromatic amines;
- anti-wear additives such as zinc dialkyl-dithiophosphates and / or phosphorus derivatives, which can be added in a quantity less than that usually used;
- viscosity index improvers such as polymers of olefin copolymer type (OCP), polyisobutenes, polymethacrylates, diene polymers, polyalkylstyrenes and / or molybdenum derivatives;
- GMO glycerol monooleate
- extreme pressure additives such as organometallic molybdenum derivatives, fatty acid derivative compounds, phosphosulphurized molecules and / or borates, which can be added in a quantity less than that usually used;
- pour point depressant additives such as metal soaps, carboxylic acids, polymethacrylates, alkylphenols, dialkylaryl esters of phthalic acid, maleate-styrene copolymers, naphthalene paraffins and / or polyesters of vinyl fumarate acetate type;
- anti-foam additives such as silicone oils, silicone polymers and / or alkyl acrylates
- demulsifying additives such as propylene oxide copolymers
- anticorrosive (or anti-rust) additives such as alkali metal and / or alkaline earth metal sulfonates (Na, Mg, Ca salts), fatty acids, fatty amines, alkenyl succinic acids and / or their derivatives, benzotriazole, and / or tolyltriazole;
- thickening additives such as fatty esters
- detergent additives such as the calcium and / or magnesium salts of alkylarylsulfonates, alkylphenates, alkylsalicylates and / or their derivatives;
- dispersant additives such as alkenylsuccinimides, succinic esters and / or their derivatives, and / or Mannich bases;
- metal deactivating additives such as heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen and / or sulfur, for example triazole, tolutriazole, and benzotriazole;
- an additive may have several properties, such as zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate, which is an antioxidant, anti-wear, anti-corrosive and slightly dispersing additive.
- the presence of the diol dimer dilipoate in the composition reduces the usually required amount of the diol dimer dilipoate.
- other additive in particular when it is an anti-wear additive, a friction modifying additive and / or an extreme pressure additive, thus making it possible to reduce the environmental impact of this other additive, in particular if it shows some toxicity.
- compositions according to the invention are particularly suitable for use as a lubricating composition.
- the present invention finally discloses a process for preparing a composition according to the invention, comprising a step of mixing an oil with a diol dimer dilipoate according to the invention.
- the process for preparing a composition according to the invention comprises a step of mixing a mineral oil and / or a synthetic oil with a dimer (s) diol dilipoate, more preferably, a step of mixing a mineral oil with a dilipoate of dimer (s) diol according to the invention.
- Figure 1 which is a graph showing Stribeck curves (i.e. curves representing friction coefficient versus rotational speed measurements) obtained from non-additive mineral oil and the same oil additive of 10% by mass of diol dimeric dilipoate (1 test and 2 repetitions with each sample);
- Figure 2 which is a graph showing the average improvement (on the test and the two repetitions of Fig. 1) of the coefficient of friction between a non-additive mineral oil and the same oil additive of 10% by mass of dilipoate of diol dimers;
- Figure 3 which is a graph showing Stribeck curves obtained from three samples, one control and two samples respectively containing diol dimer dilipoate and GMO;
- Figure 4 which is a graph showing Stribeck curves obtained from two samples respectively containing dilipoate of diol dimers and n-octyl lipoate.
- lipoic acid lipoic acid, 98%, CAS No. 1077-28-7
- diol dimers Roseon NV, composed of at least 98% of diol dimers of which at least 95% diol dimers having 36 carbon atoms, and at least 75% of acyclic isomers).
- the mixture is heated to 140 ° C with stirring.
- the progress of the reaction is monitored by thin layer chromatography. After 24 hours of reaction, the conversion of the alcohol is complete.
- reaction mixture is purified on Combi-Flash by passage through a column of silica gel, eluting with heptane with a gradient of 0 to 5% acetone.
- the diol dimeric dilipoate After evaporation of the eluent, the diol dimeric dilipoate is obtained in the form of a yellowish viscous oil.
- the diol dimeric dilipoate mixture obtained contains 98.3% diol dimeric dilipoate having 52 carbon atoms and 76% acyclic isomers.
- EXAMPLE 2 Evaluation of the Properties of the Diol Dimeric Dilipoate of Example 1
- composition of the samples numbered from A to E is indicated in the
- diol dimeric dilipoate was measured on the four-ball wear test according to ASTM D4172-94 (2016). The test is to apply on 3 balls placed on the same plane and immersed in a sample, a weight of 40 kg with a rotation at 1200 rpm for one hour at 75 ° C, via the 4 th ball placed at the intersection of the other three marbles.
- a 100Cr6 steel ball is brought into contact with 3 cylinders of 100Cr6 steel with a rotation ranging from 1000 mm / s to 0.01 mm / s at 25 ° and applying a force of 10 Newtons.
- the three cylinders and the ball are immersed in 0.5 mL of the test sample.
- the coefficient of friction as a function of the rotational speed is then measured to establish a Stribeck curve.
- diol dimeric dilipoate in a Group II mineral oil makes it possible to reduce the friction up to about 53% compared with the use of the same non-additive oil. Diol dimeric dilipoate can therefore be used as a friction modifying additive.
- the anti-wear and friction modifier properties of the diol dimeric dilipoate were also measured using the High Frequency Reciprocating Rig (HFRR) test, a high frequency reciprocating apparatus, similar to that described in ASTM. D6079 - 1 1 (2016).
- HFRR High Frequency Reciprocating Rig
- the test involves applying a weight to a moving ball on a disc to measure wear and coefficient of friction at different temperatures.
- sample A and C Two samples were tested: sample A and C. A few milliliters of each sample are used to immerse the ball before each test.
- a wear of the ball of 255.3 x 231, 8 ⁇ is observed with the use of the sample A.
- the coefficient of friction is from 0.166 to 70 ° C, 0.202 to 100 ⁇ C and 0.241 to 130 ° C.
- TCT TribSys Twist Compression Test
- This break corresponds either to a net variation in the coefficient of friction curve showing a change in the behavior of the parts in friction and therefore of the lubrication, or to a coefficient of friction reaching a value of 0.2.
- the friction force transmitted by the annular module to the metal plate changes as the lubricated interface changes due to rotation of the module under the applied weight.
- diol dimeric dilipoate in a Group II mineral oil makes it possible to increase the time to rupture. Diol dimeric dilipoate can therefore be used as an extreme pressure additive.
- n-octyl lipoate prepared according to the preparation method described in the publication "Lipoate ester multifunctional lubricant additives”; Biresaw et al .; Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research (2016), 55, 373-383.
- ZDDP zinc dialkyldithiophosphate
- Additin® RC 2540 extreme pressure additive from RheinChemie a dialkylpentasulfide containing 40% by weight of sulfur, hereinafter referred to as "Additin”
- RheinChemie a dialkylpentasulfide containing 40% by weight of sulfur
- Paroil® 140-LV extreme pressure additive from Dover Chemical Corporation (a chlorinated paraffin containing 42% by mass of chlorine, hereinafter referred to as "Paroil"), and
- GMO Oleon Radiasurf® 7149 glycerol monooleate friction modifier additive
- Diol Dimer dilipoate has an anti-wear property (43.7% decrease) comparable to ZDDP, an anti-wear additive among the most currently used. This confirms that the diol dimeric dilipoate can be used as an anti-wear additive.
- the diol dimeric dilipoate has an anti-wear property superior to the anti-wear effect of n-octyl lipoate, and this as well with equal amount (10%) of ester in the oil (samples C and K) at the same sulfur content (samples C and I). Both samples C and I contain a sulfur content of 1.4%.
- the diol dimeric dilipoate has a higher friction modifying property than n-octyl lipoate. 3.4-HFRR test
- the comparative test was carried out under the same conditions as those described in Example 2.4.
- the use of the diol dimeric dilipoate reduces the sulfur content.
- the sulfur content is halved, or 0.7% in the composition comprising the dilipoate of diol dimers, against 1, 4% in the composition comprising the Additin.
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Abstract
Description
DILIPOATE DE DIMERE(S) DIOL ET SON UTILISATION COMME ADDITIF DILIPOATE OF DIMERE (S) DIOL AND USE THEREOF AS ADDITIVE
La présente invention est relative à un nouveau type de diester, à un procédé de préparation de celui-ci, à ses utilisations en tant qu'additif anti-usure, additif modificateur de friction et/ou additif extrême pression, ainsi qu'à des compositions le comprenant, en particulier des compositions lubrifiantes. The present invention relates to a new type of diester, to a process for the preparation thereof, to its uses as an anti-wear additive, friction modifying additive and / or extreme pressure additive, as well as to compositions comprising it, in particular lubricating compositions.
Les additifs anti-usure, modificateur de friction et extrême pression, sont particulièrement utilisés dans le domaine des lubrifiants. The anti-wear additives, friction modifier and extreme pressure, are particularly used in the field of lubricants.
Une composition lubrifiante comporte généralement une huile, usuellement le constituant majoritaire (soit le constituant dont la teneur est la plus élevée), et un ou plusieurs additif(s). A lubricating composition generally comprises an oil, usually the major constituent (the constituent whose content is the highest), and one or more additive (s).
Un additif est utilisé pour renforcer une ou plusieurs propriété(s) intrinsèque(s) de l'huile et/ou lui apporter une ou plusieurs propriété(s) supplémentaire(s). An additive is used to enhance one or more intrinsic property (s) of the oil and / or provide it with one or more additional property (s).
Un additif anti-usure réduit l'usure de pièces, telles que des pièces métalliques, lors de leur mise en contact. An anti-wear additive reduces the wear of parts, such as metal parts, when they come into contact.
Parmi les additifs anti-usures, on peut citer les polysulfures, les dithiocarbamates, les paraffines chlorées, les phosphates et les thio-phosphates. Le zinc dialkyle dithiophosphate (ZDDP) est un des additifs les plus utilisés, car il est particulièrement efficace comme anti-usure. Or, cet additif présente une forte toxicité. La décomposition du ZDDP libère divers gaz soufrés, tels que le sulfure d'hydrogène (H2S) et des mercaptans. Anti-wear additives include polysulfides, dithiocarbamates, chlorinated paraffins, phosphates and thio-phosphates. Zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate (ZDDP) is one of the most used additives because it is particularly effective as anti-wear. However, this additive has a high toxicity. The decomposition of the ZDDP releases various sulfur gases, such as hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) and mercaptans.
Un additif modificateur de friction (ou réducteur de friction) réduit le frottement entre des pièces lors de leur mise en contact. A friction modifying additive (or friction reducing agent) reduces the friction between parts when they come into contact.
Parmi les additifs modificateurs de friction les plus utilisés, on peut citer les esters comme le mono oléate de glycérol (GMO), certains acides gras et les amides comme l'oléate diéthanolamide (ODEA). Among the most commonly used friction modifying additives, esters such as glycerol mono oleate (GMO), certain fatty acids and amides such as oleate diethanolamide (ODEA) can be mentioned.
Un additif extrême pression prévient le grippage de pièces métalliques en augmentant la résistance à la pression et/ou à la chaleur de l'huile présente dans la composition lubrifiante. An extreme pressure additive prevents galling of metal parts by increasing the resistance to pressure and / or heat of the oil in the lubricant composition.
Les additifs extrême pression les plus utilisés actuellement sont des composés à base de soufre, de phosphore et/ou de chlore. Or ces types de composés ne sont pas sans impact sur l'environnement car ils contiennent des teneurs en phosphore, soufre et/ou chlore non négligeables. L'agence de protection de l'environnement des Etats-Unis a déjà interdit l'utilisation de paraffines chlorées à chaîne courte et va progressivement légiférer sur les chaînes longues dont la toxicité est reconnue. Cette évolution de la législation va amener au remplacement progressif des paraffines chlorées par d'autres additifs extrême pression moins toxiques comme les dérivés soufrés et phosphorés. The most widely used extreme pressure additives are compounds based on sulfur, phosphorus and / or chlorine. However, these types of compounds are not without impact on the environment because they contain significant levels of phosphorus, sulfur and / or chlorine. The US Environmental Protection Agency has already banned the use of short-chained chlorinated paraffins and will gradually legislate on long chains whose toxicity is recognized. This evolution of the legislation will lead to the gradual replacement of chlorinated paraffins by other less toxic extreme pressure additives such as sulfur and phosphorus derivatives.
Les contacts et frottements de surfaces métalliques ont notamment lieu dans des applications telles que le travail des métaux (découpe, emboutissage, formage, ...), pour lesquelles des projections de lubrifiants peuvent se retrouver rejetées dans l'environnement. The contacts and friction of metal surfaces are particularly used in applications such as metal working (cutting, stamping, forming, ...), for which projections of lubricants may be rejected in the environment.
II est donc d'autant plus intéressant pour ces applications d'avoir un additif le moins toxique possible, comme un composé d'origine renouvelable, avec une teneur en hétéroatome réduite pour limiter l'impact environnemental. It is therefore all the more interesting for these applications to have a least toxic additive possible, such as a compound of renewable origin, with a reduced heteroatom content to limit the environmental impact.
La publication "Lipoate ester multifunctional lubricant additives" ; Biresaw et al.; Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research (2016), 55, 373-383, décrit des monoesters d'origine renouvelable et leur utilisation en tant qu'additif multifonctionnel dans une huile végétale. En particulier, il s'agit d'esters d'acide lipoïque et de monoalcools en C4-C18. Les auteurs montrent que ces esters purifiés sont des additifs permettant d'améliorer les performances d'une huile de tournesol oléique, telles que son indice de viscosité, ses propriétés antioxydantes et extrême pression. En revanche, ces monolipoates de monoalcool n'apportent aucune propriété anti-usure et propriété modificatrice de friction à cette huile végétale. En effet, l'huile de tournesol oléique additivée à 5% en masse de monolipoate de monoalcool présente des coefficients de friction et des résultats en terme de d'usure équivalents ou supérieurs à ceux obtenus avec l'huile de tournesol oléique non additivée (voir le Tableau 8 de cette publication). The publication "Lipoate ester multifunctional lubricant additives"; Biresaw et al .; Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research (2016), 55, 373-383, describes monoesters of renewable origin and their use as a multifunctional additive in a vegetable oil. In particular, they are lipoic acid esters and C4-C18 monoalcohols. The authors show that these purified esters are additives to improve the performance of an oleic sunflower oil, such as its viscosity index, its antioxidant properties and extreme pressure. On the other hand, these monolipoates of monoalcohol do not bring any anti-wear properties and properties modifying friction with this vegetable oil. In fact, oleic sunflower oil additive containing 5% by weight of monolipoate monoalcohol has coefficients of friction and results in terms of wear equivalent or greater than those obtained with non-additive oleic sunflower oil (see Table 8 of this publication).
Il existe donc toujours un besoin pour des additifs anti-usure, modificateur de friction et extrême pression performants et plus respectueux de l'environnement. There is therefore still a need for high-performance, more environmentally friendly anti-wear, friction modifier and extreme pressure additives.
De manière surprenante, il a été mis en évidence qu'un diester particulier permettait d'obtenir des propriétés anti-usure, modificatrice de friction et extrême pression comparables à celles de produits actuellement sur le marché et de conférer ainsi à l'huile avec laquelle il est utilisé des performances nettement améliorées, tout en étant d'origine renouvelable et ayant un impact moindre sur l'environnement. Surprisingly, it has been demonstrated that a particular diester makes it possible to obtain anti-wear, friction modifying and extreme pressure properties comparable to those of products currently on the market and thus to confer on the oil with which it is used significantly improved performance, while being of renewable origin and having a lesser impact on the environment.
L'invention vise un dilipoate de dimère(s) diol. The invention relates to a dilipoate of dimer (s) diol.
Un dilipoate de dimère(s) diol peut également être appelé bis[5-(1 ,2-dithiolane- 3-yl)pentanoate] de dimère(s) diol, ou bis[6,8-dithiooctanoate] de dimère(s) diol ou thioctate de dimère(s) diol. A dimer (s) diol dilipoate may also be called bis [5- (1, 2-dithiolan-3-yl) pentanoate] dimer (s) diol, or bis [6,8-dithiooctanoate] dimer (s) diol or dimer thioctate (s) diol.
Par « dimère(s) diol », on entend un dimère diol ou un mélange de dimères diol susceptible d'être obtenu par dimérisation intermoléculaire d'un ou plusieurs acide(s) carboxylique(s) insaturé(s), suivie d'une réduction des fonctions acides en fonctions alcools. By "dimer (s) diol" is meant a diol dimer or a mixture of diol dimers capable of being obtained by intermolecular dimerization of one or more unsaturated carboxylic acid (s), followed by a reduction of acid functions to alcohol functions.
Chaque acide carboxylique insaturé peut comporter une ou plusieurs insaturations. De préférence, l'insaturation est une double liaison. Each unsaturated carboxylic acid may have one or more unsaturations. Preferably, the unsaturation is a double bond.
Chaque acide carboxylique insaturé comporte de préférence au moins 16, plus préférentiellement au moins 18 atomes de carbone. Each unsaturated carboxylic acid preferably comprises at least 16, more preferably at least 18 carbon atoms.
Avantageusement, l'acide carboxylique insaturé est un acide gras insaturé issu d'une substance renouvelable, telle que les huiles végétales, les huiles animales et les graisses animales. En particulier, l'acide carboxylique insaturé est un acide gras insaturé comportant de 16 à 24 atomes de carbone, de préférence de 18 à 22 atomes de carbone. Advantageously, the unsaturated carboxylic acid is an unsaturated fatty acid derived from a renewable substance, such as vegetable oils, animal oils and animal fats. In particular, the unsaturated carboxylic acid is an unsaturated fatty acid having from 16 to 24 carbon atoms, preferably from 18 to 22 carbon atoms.
On notera que, dans le cadre de la présente demande, et sauf stipulation contraire, les gammes de valeurs indiquées s'entendent bornes incluses. It should be noted that, in the context of the present application, and unless otherwise stipulated, the ranges of values indicated are inclusive.
Selon un premier mode de réalisation, le dimère(s) diol est un dimère diol. Il est susceptible d'être obtenu par dimérisation intermoléculaire d'un acide carboxylique insaturé, en particulier d'un acide gras insaturé. According to a first embodiment, the dimer (s) diol is a diol dimer. It can be obtained by intermolecular dimerization of an unsaturated carboxylic acid, in particular an unsaturated fatty acid.
Ainsi, de préférence, le dimère diol comporte de 32 à 48 atomes de carbone, plus préférentiellement de 36 à 44 atomes de carbone, plus préférentiellement encore, le dimère diol comporte 36 atomes de carbone. Thus, preferably, the diol dimer comprises from 32 to 48 carbon atoms, more preferably from 36 to 44 carbon atoms, more preferably still, the diol dimer comprises 36 carbon atoms.
En particulier, le dimère diol est obtenu à partir de l'acide oléique ou de l'acide linoléique. In particular, the diol dimer is obtained from oleic acid or linoleic acid.
Généralement, un dimère diol est un mélange d'isomères pouvant chacun avoir une structure acyclique ou cyclique. Generally, a diol dimer is a mixture of isomers each of which can have an acyclic or cyclic structure.
Préférentiellement, le dimère diol comporte plus de 50% en masse, plus préférentiellement plus de 70% en masse d'isomère(s) acyclique(s), les pourcentages en masse étant donnés sur la masse totale de dimère diol. Preferably, the diol dimer comprises more than 50% by weight, more preferably more than 70% by weight of acyclic isomer (s), the percentages by mass being given on the total mass of diol dimer.
Selon un second mode de réalisation, le dimère(s) diol est un mélange de dimères diol susceptible d'être obtenu par dimérisation intermoléculaire de plusieurs (au moins deux, préférentiellement au moins trois) acides carboxyliques insaturés, en particulier, acides gras insaturés. De préférence, le dimère(s) diol est un mélange de dimères diol pouvant chacun et indépendamment comporter de 32 à 48 atomes de carbone, préférentiellement de 36 à 44 atomes de carbone. En particulier, le mélange de dimères diol est obtenu à partir d'acides gras d'une huile végétale choisie parmi le groupe constitué par l'huile de colza, l'huile de ricin, l'huile de tournesol, l'huile de soja, l'huile de lin et l'huile de carthame. According to a second embodiment, the dimer (s) diol is a mixture of diol dimers capable of being obtained by intermolecular dimerization of several (at least two, preferably at least three) unsaturated carboxylic acids, in particular unsaturated fatty acids. Preferably, the dimer (s) diol is a mixture of diol dimers each of which may independently comprise from 32 to 48 carbon atoms, preferably from 36 to 44 carbon atoms. In particular, the mixture of diol dimers is obtained from fatty acids of a vegetable oil selected from the group consisting of rapeseed oil, castor oil, sunflower oil, soybean oil , linseed oil and safflower oil.
Comme indiqué précédemment, chaque dimère diol présent dans le mélange de dimères diol peut se présenter sous la forme de différents isomères. As previously indicated, each diol dimer present in the diol dimer mixture may be in the form of different isomers.
Préférentiellement, le mélange de dimères diol comporte plus de 50% en masse, plus préférentiellement plus de 70% en masse, d'isomère(s) acyclique(s), les pourcentages en masse étant donnés sur la masse totale de dimères diol. Preferably, the mixture of diol dimers comprises more than 50% by weight, more preferably more than 70% by weight, of acyclic isomer (s), the percentages by mass being given on the total mass of diol dimers.
Avantageusement, au moins 50%, préférentiellement au moins 60% en masse de dimère(s) diol sur la masse totale de dimère(s) diol comporte 36 atomes de carbone et plus de 50% en masse, préférentiellement plus de 70% en masse de dimère(s) diol, sur la masse totale de dimères diol, est acyclique. Advantageously, at least 50%, preferably at least 60% by weight of dimer (s) diol on the total mass of dimer (s) diol has 36 carbon atoms and more than 50% by weight, preferably more than 70% by weight of dimer (s) diol, on the total mass of diol dimers, is acyclic.
Par masse totale de dimère(s) diol, on entend la masse totale de molécules de dimère diol. By total mass of dimer (s) diol is meant the total mass of dimer diol molecules.
Le dilipoate de dimère(s) diol selon l'invention est susceptible d'être obtenu par estérification d'un dimère(s) diol, avec l'acide lipoïque. The dimer dilipoate (s) diol according to the invention is capable of being obtained by esterification of a dimer (s) diol, with lipoic acid.
Le dimère(s) diol est tel que décrit ci-avant, y inclus les modes avantageux et préférentiels. The dimer (s) diol is as described above, including advantageous and preferential modes.
L'acide lipoïque est également appelé acide 5-(1 ,2-dithiolane-3-yl)pentanoïque, acide 6,8-dithiooctanoïque ou acide thioctique. Lipoic acid is also called 5- (1,2-dithiolan-3-yl) pentanoic acid, 6,8-dithiooctanoic acid or thioctic acid.
De préférence, l'estérification est réalisée à une température comprise entre 90 <€ et 170°C, plus préférentiellement, entre 100°C et 160 <€, plus préférentiellement encore, entre 1 10 °C et 150 °C. Preferably, the esterification is carried out at a temperature between 90 <€ and 170 ° C, more preferably between 100 ° C and 160 <€, even more preferably from 1 to 10 ° C and 150 ° C.
Avantageusement, l'estérification est réalisée sans catalyseur. Advantageously, the esterification is carried out without a catalyst.
L'absence de catalyseur présente un avantage économique notable. Outre l'économie sur le coût du catalyseur lui-même, il y a également une économie sur le coût du procédé de préparation du dilipoate de dimère(s) diol, pour lequel il n'est pas nécessaire d'ajouter une étape de récupération du catalyseur, de type neutralisation et/ou filtration. Autre avantage, le dilipoate de dimère(s) diol n'est pas souillé par la présence, même sous forme de trace, de catalyseur. En l'absence de catalyseur, le temps de réaction dure généralement entre 8 et 24 heures, préférentiellement entre 10 et 24 heures pour une température comprise entre 1 1 Ο 'Ό et 150°C. The absence of catalyst has a significant economic advantage. In addition to saving on the cost of the catalyst itself, there is also a saving on the cost of the diol dimer dilipoate preparation process, for which it is not necessary to add a recovery step. catalyst, neutralization type and / or filtration. Another advantage is that the dimer dilipoate (s) diol is not contaminated by the presence, even in trace form, of catalyst. In the absence of catalyst, the reaction time generally lasts between 8 and 24 hours, preferably between 10 and 24 hours for a temperature between 1 1 Ο 'Ό and 150 ° C.
De préférence, l'acide lipoïque représente entre 0,8 et 1 ,5 équivalent, plus préférentiellement entre 0,9 et 1 ,3 équivalent, plus préférentiellement encore entre 0,95 et 1 ,15 équivalent par rapport aux fonctions alcools du dimère(s) diol. Plus particulièrement, le dilipoate de dimère(s) diol est susceptible d'être obtenu par un procédé incluant la préparation du dimère(s) diol, le procédé comprenant alors les étapes suivantes : Preferably, the lipoic acid represents between 0.8 and 1.5 equivalents, more preferably between 0.9 and 1.3 equivalents, more preferably still between 0.95 and 1.15 equivalents relative to the alcohol functions of the dimer ( s) diol. More particularly, the dimer dilipoate (s) diol is obtainable by a process including the preparation of the dimer (s) diol, the process then comprising the following steps:
dimérisation d'au moins un acide carboxylique insaturé pour former un dimère(s) d'acide(s); dimerizing at least one unsaturated carboxylic acid to form a dimer (s) of acid (s);
- réduction des fonctions acides en fonctions alcools pour former un dimère(s) diol; - reduction of acid functions to alcohol functions to form a dimer (s) diol;
estérification du dimère(s) diol avec l'acide lipoïque pour former du dilipoate de dimère(s) diol. esterifying the dimer (s) diol with lipoic acid to form dimer dilipoate (s) diol.
L'acide carboxylique insaturé est tel que décrit précédemment. The unsaturated carboxylic acid is as previously described.
L'étape de réduction peut s'effectuer sous pression d'hydrogène, éventuellement à l'aide d'un catalyseur tel que le tétrahydruroaluminate de lithium, l'hydrure de sodium ou l'hydrure de diisobutylaluminium. The reduction step may be carried out under hydrogen pressure, optionally using a catalyst such as lithium tetrahydroredaluminate, sodium hydride or diisobutylaluminum hydride.
Une étape d'estérification des fonctions acides en fonctions esters, telle que la formation d'esters méthyliques, peut précéder l'étape de réduction en alcools. Dans ce cas, la formation du dimère(s) diol s'effectue par réduction des fonctions esters en fonctions alcools. A step of esterification of the acid functions to ester functions, such as the formation of methyl esters, may precede the reduction step to alcohols. In this case, the formation of the dimer (s) diol is carried out by reducing the ester functions to alcohol functions.
Préalablement à l'étape d'estérification du dimère(s) diol, le procédé peut comprendre en outre une étape de purification, telle qu'une distillation, afin d'isoler le dimère(s) diol de sous-produit(s) et/ou du/des acide(s) gras résiduel(s). Prior to the esterification step of the dimer (s) diol, the process may further comprise a purification step, such as a distillation, in order to isolate the diol dimer (s) by-product (s) and / or residual fatty acid (s).
Plus particulièrement encore, le dilipoate de dimère(s) diol est susceptible d'être obtenu par un procédé comprenant les étapes suivantes : More particularly, the dimer dilipoate (s) diol is obtainable by a process comprising the following steps:
dimérisation d'acides gras insaturés d'huile végétale pour former un mélange de dimères d'acides; dimerization of unsaturated fatty acids of vegetable oil to form a mixture of acid dimers;
- optionnellement, estérification des fonctions acides en esters méthyliques ; optionally, esterification of the acid functions to methyl esters;
- réduction des fonctions acides ou esters en fonctions alcools pour former un mélange de dimères diol ; reducing the acid or ester functions to alcohol functions to form a mixture of diol dimers;
- optionnellement, purification du mélange de dimères diol ; optionally, purifying the mixture of diol dimers;
- estérification du mélange de dimères diol avec l'acide lipoïque pour former du dilipoate de dimères diol. esterification of the mixture of diol dimers with lipoic acid to form dilipoate of diol dimers.
Le dilipoate de dimère(s) diol comporte de préférence, de 48 à 64 atomes de carbone. Plus préférentiellement, de 52 à 60 atomes de carbone, plus préférentiellement encore, le dilipoate de dimère(s) diol comporte 52 atomes de carbone. The dimer dilipoate (s) diol preferably comprises from 48 to 64 carbon atoms. More preferably, from 52 to 60 carbon atoms, more preferably still, the dimer dilipoate (s) diol has 52 carbon atoms.
Le dimère(s) diol pouvant être un mélange de dimères diol, alors le dilipoate de dimère(s) diol peut donc être un mélange de dilipoate de dimères diol, comportant préférentiellement chacun et indépendamment de 48 à 64 atomes de carbone, plus préférentiellement de 52 à 60 atomes de carbone. The dimer (s) diol may be a mixture of diol dimers, then the dilipoate of dimer (s) diol may be a mixture of dilipoate diol dimers, preferably each comprising independently and from 48 to 64 carbon atoms, more preferably from 52 to 60 carbon atoms.
Chaque dilipoate de dimère diol peut également être un mélange d'isomères pouvant chacun avoir une structure acyclique ou cyclique. Préférentiellement, le dilipoate de dimère(s) diol comporte plus de 50% en masse, plus préférentiellement plus de 70% en masse, d'isomère(s) acyclique(s), les pourcentages en masse étant donnés sur la masse totale de dilipoate de dimère(s) diol. En particulier, le dilipoate de dimère(s) diol est acyclique. Each dimer dilipoate diol may also be a mixture of isomers each of which can have an acyclic or cyclic structure. Preferably, the dimer (s) diol dilipoate comprises more than 50% by weight, more preferably more than 70% by weight, of acyclic (s) isomer (s), the percentages by mass being given on the total mass of dilipoate dimer (s) diol. In particular, the dimer dilipoate (s) diol is acyclic.
Avantageusement, au moins 50% en masse, préférentiellement au moins 60% en masse de dilipoate de dimère(s) diol comporte 52 atomes de carbone et plus de 50% en masse, préférentiellement plus de 70% en masse de dilipoate de dimère(s) diol est acyclique, les pourcentages en masse étant donnés sur la masse totale de dilipoate de dimère(s) diol. Advantageously, at least 50% by weight, preferably at least 60% by weight of dimer dilipoate (s) diol has 52 carbon atoms and more than 50% by weight, preferably more than 70% by weight of dimer dilipoate (s). ) diol is acyclic, the percentages by mass being given on the total mass of dimer dilipoate (s) diol.
Par masse totale de dilipoate de dimère(s) diol, on entend la masse totale de molécules de dilipoate de dimère diol. By total mass of dimer (s) diol dilipoate is meant the total mass of diol dimer dilipoate molecules.
De préférence, le dilipoate de dimère(s) diol est saturé. Preferably, the dimer dilipoate (s) diol is saturated.
L'invention concerne également un procédé de préparation d'un dilipoate de dimère(s) diol par estérification entre un dimère(s) diol et de l'acide lipoïque. The invention also relates to a process for preparing a dimer (s) diol dilipoate by esterification between a dimer (s) diol and lipoic acid.
L'acide lipoïque, le dimère(s) diol et l'estérification sont tels que décrits ci-avant, y inclus les modes avantageux et préférentiels. The lipoic acid, the dimer (s) diol and the esterification are as described above, including the advantageous and preferred modes.
Plus particulièrement, le procédé de préparation du dilipoate de dimère(s) diol peut inclure la préparation du dimère(s) diol, le procédé comprend alors les étapes suivantes : More particularly, the process for the preparation of the dimer (s) diol dilipoate may include the preparation of the dimer (s) diol, the process then comprises the following steps:
- dimérisation d'au moins un acide carboxylique insaturé pour former un dimère(s) d'acide(s); dimerization of at least one unsaturated carboxylic acid to form a dimer (s) of acid (s);
- réduction des fonctions acides en fonctions alcools pour former un dimère(s) diol; - reduction of acid functions to alcohol functions to form a dimer (s) diol;
estérification du dimère(s) diol avec l'acide lipoïque pour former du dilipoate de dimère(s) diol. esterifying the dimer (s) diol with lipoic acid to form dimer dilipoate (s) diol.
L'acide carboxylique insaturé est tel que décrit précédemment. The unsaturated carboxylic acid is as previously described.
L'étape de réduction peut s'effectuer sous pression d'hydrogène, éventuellement à l'aide d'un catalyseur tel que le tétrahydruroaluminate de lithium, l'hydrure de sodium ou l'hydrure de diisobutylaluminium. The reduction step may be carried out under hydrogen pressure, optionally using a catalyst such as lithium tetrahydroredaluminate, sodium hydride or diisobutylaluminum hydride.
Une étape d'estérification des fonctions acides en fonctions esters, telle que la formation d'esters méthyliques, peut précéder l'étape de réduction en alcools. Dans ce cas, la formation du dimère(s) diol s'effectue par réduction des fonctions esters en fonctions alcools. A step of esterification of the acid functions to ester functions, such as the formation of methyl esters, may precede the reduction step into alcohols. In this case, the formation of the dimer (s) diol is carried out by reducing the ester functions to alcohol functions.
Préalablement à l'étape d'estérification du dimère diol, le procédé peut comprendre en outre une étape de purification, telle qu'une distillation, afin d'isoler le dimère diol de sous-produit(s) et/ou du/des acide(s) gras résiduel(s). Prior to the esterification step of the diol dimer, the process may further comprise a purification step, such as distillation, to isolate the diol dimer from the by-product (s) and / or the acid (s) residual fat (s).
Avantageusement, le procédé de préparation du dilipoate de dimère(s) diol comprend les étapes suivantes : Advantageously, the process for preparing the dimer (s) diol dilipoate comprises the following steps:
dimérisation d'acides gras insaturés d'huile végétale pour former un mélange de dimères d'acides; dimerization of unsaturated fatty acids of vegetable oil to form a mixture of acid dimers;
- optionnellement, estérification des fonctions acides en esters méthyliques ; optionally, esterification of the acid functions to methyl esters;
- réduction des fonctions acides ou esters en fonctions alcools pour former un mélange de dimères diol ; reducing the acid or ester functions to alcohol functions to form a mixture of diol dimers;
- optionnellement, purification du mélange de dimères diol ; optionally, purifying the mixture of diol dimers;
- estérification du mélange de dimères diol avec l'acide lipoïque pour former du dilipoate de dimères diol. esterification of the mixture of diol dimers with lipoic acid to form dilipoate of diol dimers.
L'invention divulgue également les utilisations du dilipoate de dimère(s) diol selon l'invention. The invention also discloses the uses of the dimer dilipoate (s) diol according to the invention.
Selon un premier aspect de l'invention, l'invention divulgue l'utilisation du dilipoate de dimère(s) diol selon l'invention comme additif anti-usure. According to a first aspect of the invention, the invention discloses the use of the dimer dilipoate (s) diol according to the invention as an antiwear additive.
Les inventeurs ont en effet trouvé que le dilipoate de dimère(s) diol agissait comme un additif anti-usure. Le dilipoate de dimère(s) diol permet de réduire l'usure lors de frottements de pièces lors de leur mise en contact. Cet effet est plus amplement décrit dans les Exemples 2.2 et 2.4. The inventors have indeed found that the dimer dilipoate (s) diol acted as an anti-wear additive. Dilipoate dimer (s) diol reduces wear during friction of parts when they come into contact. This effect is more fully described in Examples 2.2 and 2.4.
Selon un deuxième aspect de l'invention, l'invention divulgue l'utilisation du dilipoate de dimère(s) diol selon l'invention comme additif modificateur de friction. According to a second aspect of the invention, the invention discloses the use of the dimer dilipoate (s) diol according to the invention as a friction modifier additive.
Les inventeurs ont trouvé que le dilipoate de dimère(s) diol agissait comme un additif modificateur de friction. Le dilipoate de dimère(s) diol permet en effet de réduire le coefficient de friction lors de frottements de pièces lors de leur mise en contact. Cet effet est plus amplement décrit dans les Exemples 2.3 et 2.4. The inventors have found that dimer dilipoate (s) diol acts as a friction modifying additive. Dilipoate dimer (s) diol makes it possible to reduce the coefficient of friction during friction of parts when they come into contact. This effect is more fully described in Examples 2.3 and 2.4.
Selon un troisième aspect de l'invention, l'invention divulgue l'utilisation du dilipoate de dimère(s) diol selon l'invention comme additif extrême pression. According to a third aspect of the invention, the invention discloses the use of the dimer dilipoate (s) diol according to the invention as an extreme pressure additive.
Les inventeurs ont trouvé que le dilipoate de dimère(s) diol agissait comme un additif extrême pression. En effet, l'introduction de dilipoate de dimère(s) diol dans de l'huile minérale permet de réduire le temps avant rupture de celle-ci lorsqu'elle est soumise à des pressions élevées. Cet effet est plus amplement décrit dans l'Exemple 2.5. The inventors have found that dimer dilipoate (s) diol acts as an extreme pressure additive. Indeed, the introduction of dilipoate dimer (s) diol in mineral oil reduces the time before breaking thereof when it is subjected to high pressures. This effect is more fully described in Example 2.5.
Enfin, selon un quatrième aspect de l'invention, l'invention divulgue l'utilisation du dilipoate de dimère(s) diol selon l'invention comme additif multi-propriétés. Finally, according to a fourth aspect of the invention, the invention discloses the use of the diol dimer dilipoate according to the invention as a multi-property additive.
Les inventeurs ont trouvé que lorsque du dilipoate de dimère(s) diol est ajouté à une huile minérale, cette dernière présente des propriétés améliorées, notamment en terme d'usure, de réduction de friction et/ou d'extrême pression. The inventors have found that when dimer dilipoate (s) diol is added to a mineral oil, the latter has improved properties, especially in terms of wear, friction reduction and / or extreme pressure.
Avantageusement, le dilipoate de dimère(s) diol selon l'invention est utilisé comme additif anti-usure, additif modificateur de friction et/ou additif extrême pression. Advantageously, the dimer dilipoate (s) diol according to the invention is used as anti-wear additive, friction modifier additive and / or extreme pressure additive.
La présente invention concerne également une composition comportant un dilipoate de dimère(s) diol selon l'invention et une huile. The present invention also relates to a composition comprising a dimer dilipoate (s) diol according to the invention and an oil.
Une huile est une substance hydrophobe qui se présente à l'état liquide à température ambiante et pression atmosphérique. An oil is a hydrophobic substance that is in the liquid state at room temperature and atmospheric pressure.
L'huile peut être choisie parmi par les huiles minérales, les huiles naturelles et les huiles synthétiques. The oil may be selected from among mineral oils, natural oils and synthetic oils.
Les huiles minérales sont des huiles issues du raffinage du pétrole. Elles sont essentiellement constituées d'atomes de carbone et d'hydrogène, telles que les huiles paraff iniques, les huiles hydroraffinées, les huiles hydrocraquées et les huiles hydro- isomérisées. Mineral oils are oils from petroleum refining. They consist essentially of carbon and hydrogen atoms, such as paraffinic oils, hydrorefined oils, hydrocracked oils and hydroisomerized oils.
Par huiles naturelles, on vise plus particulièrement les huiles végétales, animales ou issues d'algues. By natural oils, it is more particularly vegetable oils, animal or algae.
Les huiles synthétiques sont obtenues par réaction chimique entre des molécules d'origine pétrochimique et/ou d'origine renouvelable, à l'exception des réactions chimiques usuelles permettant d'obtenir les huiles minérales (telles que l'hydroraffinage, l'hydrocraquage, l'hydro-isomérisation, etc.). Parmi les différentes familles chimiques d'huile synthétique, on peut citer notamment les esters, les polyalkylène glycols (PAG) et les polyalphaoléfines (PAO). Synthetic oils are obtained by chemical reaction between molecules of petrochemical origin and / or of renewable origin, with the exception of the usual chemical reactions that make it possible to obtain mineral oils (such as hydrorefining, hydrocracking, hydrocracking). hydroisomerization, etc.). Among the different chemical families of synthetic oil, there may be mentioned in particular esters, polyalkylene glycols (PAG) and polyalphaolefins (PAO).
Avantageusement, la composition selon l'invention est une composition lubrifiante. De préférence, la composition lubrifiante est une huile pour le travail des métaux, une huile moteur, une huile de transmission, une huile hydraulique, ou une huile pour engrenage. Advantageously, the composition according to the invention is a lubricating composition. Preferably, the lubricating composition is a metal working oil, a motor oil, a transmission oil, a hydraulic oil, or a gear oil.
Dans le domaine des lubrifiants, l'huile représente au moins 50% en masse de la masse de la composition lubrifiante. In the field of lubricants, the oil represents at least 50% by weight of the mass of the lubricating composition.
Avantageusement, l'huile de la composition selon l'invention est choisie parmi par les huiles minérales et/ou les huiles synthétiques. De préférence, l'huile de la composition selon l'invention est une huile minérale. Advantageously, the oil of the composition according to the invention is chosen from mineral oils and / or synthetic oils. Preferably, the oil of the composition according to the invention is a mineral oil.
Les huiles minérales sont catégorisées selon trois groupes : Mineral oils are categorized into three groups:
- les huiles de groupe I : ces huiles ont une teneur en hydrocarbures saturés inférieure à 90% en masse, une teneur en hydrocarbures aromatiques supérieure à 1 ,7% en masse, une teneur en soufre de supérieure à 0,03% en masse, et un indice de viscosité compris entre 80 et 120 ; Group I oils: these oils have a saturated hydrocarbon content of less than 90% by mass, an aromatic hydrocarbon content of greater than 1.7% by mass, a sulfur content of greater than 0.03% by weight, and a viscosity number of 80 to 120;
- les huiles de groupe II : ces huiles ont une teneur en hydrocarbures saturés supérieure à 90% en masse, une teneur en hydrocarbures aromatiques inférieure à 1 ,7% en masse, une teneur en soufre de inférieure à 0,03% en masse, et un indice de viscosité compris entre 80 et 120 ; group II oils: these oils have a saturated hydrocarbon content of greater than 90% by mass, an aromatic hydrocarbon content of less than 1.7% by weight and a sulfur content of less than 0.03% by weight, and a viscosity number of 80 to 120;
les huiles de groupe III : ces huiles ont une teneur une teneur en hydrocarbures saturés supérieure à 90% en masse, une teneur en hydrocarbures aromatiques inférieure à 1 ,7% en masse, une teneur en soufre inférieure à 0,03% en masse, et un indice de viscosité de supérieur à 120 ; group III oils: these oils have a saturated hydrocarbon content content of greater than 90% by mass, an aromatic hydrocarbon content of less than 1.7% by mass, a sulfur content of less than 0.03% by mass, and a viscosity number of greater than 120;
les pourcentages en masse étant donnés par rapport à la masse de l'huile. Les huiles minérales de groupe II sont très utilisées dans l'industrie du travail des métaux. Aussi, avantageusement, l'huile de la composition selon l'invention est une huile minérale de groupe II. the percentages by mass being given in relation to the mass of the oil. Group II mineral oils are widely used in the metalworking industry. Also, advantageously, the oil of the composition according to the invention is a Group II mineral oil.
De préférence, la composition selon l'invention comporte une quantité de dilipoate de dimère(s) diol d'au moins 2% en masse, plus préférentiellement au moins 3% en masse, plus préférentiellement encore au moins 3,5% en masse par rapport à la masse totale de la composition. Preferably, the composition according to the invention comprises a quantity of dimer (s) diol dilipoate of at least 2% by weight, more preferably at least 3% by weight, more preferably still at least 3.5% by weight by weight. relative to the total mass of the composition.
De préférence, la composition selon l'invention comporte en outre, un additif autre qu'un dilipoate de dimère(s) diol. Preferably, the composition according to the invention further comprises an additive other than a dilipoate of dimer (s) diol.
Avantageusement, l'additif autre qu'un dilipoate de dimère(s) diol est choisi parmi les additifs utilisés dans le domaine des lubrifiants, tels que les additifs antioxydants, les additifs anti-usures, les additifs améliorants de l'indice de viscosité, les additifs modificateurs de friction, les additifs extrême pression, les additifs abaisseurs de point d'écoulement, les additifs anti-mousses, les additifs démulsifiants, les additifs inhibiteurs de corrosion, les additifs épaississants, les additifs détergents et les additifs dispersants. Advantageously, the additive other than a dilipoate of dimer (s) diol is chosen from the additives used in the field of lubricants, such as antioxidant additives, anti-wear additives, viscosity index improvers, friction modifying additives, extreme pressure additives, pour point depressants, anti-foaming additives, demulsifying additives, corrosion inhibiting additives, thickening additives, detergent additives and dispersant additives.
L'homme du métier sait choisir le ou les additif(s) le(s) mieux adapté(s) selon l'application choisie, telle qu'une application lubrifiante. The skilled person knows how to choose the additive (s) best suited (s) depending on the chosen application, such as a lubricant application.
L'additif autre qu'un dilipoate de dimère(s) diol, peut être choisi parmi : - les additifs antioxydants, tels que les dialkyl-dithiophosphates, les phénols substitués et/ou les aminés aromatiques ; The additive other than a dilipoate of dimer (s) diol may be chosen from: antioxidant additives, such as dialkyl dithiophosphates, substituted phenols and / or aromatic amines;
- les additifs anti-usure, tels que les dialkyl-dithiophosphates de zinc et/ou les dérivés phosphorés, ceux-ci pouvant être ajoutés dans une quantité inférieure à celle usuellement utilisée ; anti-wear additives, such as zinc dialkyl-dithiophosphates and / or phosphorus derivatives, which can be added in a quantity less than that usually used;
- les additifs améliorants de l'indice de viscosité, tels que les polymères de type copolymères d'oléfine (OCP), les polyisobutènes, les polyméthacrylates, les polymères diéniques, les polyalkylstyrènes et/ou les dérivés du molybdène ; viscosity index improvers, such as polymers of olefin copolymer type (OCP), polyisobutenes, polymethacrylates, diene polymers, polyalkylstyrenes and / or molybdenum derivatives;
- les additifs modificateurs de friction, tels que le monooléate de glycérol (GMO), ceux-ci pouvant être ajoutés dans une quantité inférieure à celle usuellement utilisée ; friction modifying additives, such as glycerol monooleate (GMO), which can be added in a quantity less than that usually used;
- les additifs extrême pression, tels que les dérivés organométalliques du molybdène, les composés dérivés d'acide gras, les molécules phosphosoufrées et/ou les borates, ceux-ci pouvant être ajoutés dans une quantité inférieure à celle usuellement utilisée ; extreme pressure additives, such as organometallic molybdenum derivatives, fatty acid derivative compounds, phosphosulphurized molecules and / or borates, which can be added in a quantity less than that usually used;
- les additifs abaisseurs de point d'écoulement, tels que les savons métalliques, les acides carboxyliques, les polyméthacrylates, les alkylphénols, les esters dialkylaryliques de l'acide phtalique, les copolymères maléate-styrène, les paraffines naphtalènes et/ou les polyesters de type acétate de vinyl-fumarate ; pour point depressant additives, such as metal soaps, carboxylic acids, polymethacrylates, alkylphenols, dialkylaryl esters of phthalic acid, maleate-styrene copolymers, naphthalene paraffins and / or polyesters of vinyl fumarate acetate type;
- les additifs anti-mousse, tels que les huiles de silicones, les polymères silicones et/ou les acrylates d'alkyle ; anti-foam additives, such as silicone oils, silicone polymers and / or alkyl acrylates;
- les additifs démulsifiants, tels que les copolymères d'oxyde de propylène ; demulsifying additives, such as propylene oxide copolymers;
- les additifs anticorrosion (ou anti-rouille) tels que les sulfonates de métal alcalin et/ou alcalino-terreux (sels de Na, Mg, Ca), les acides gras, les aminés grasses, les acides akénylsucciniques et/ou leurs dérivés, le benzotriazole, et/ou le tolyltriazole ; anticorrosive (or anti-rust) additives such as alkali metal and / or alkaline earth metal sulfonates (Na, Mg, Ca salts), fatty acids, fatty amines, alkenyl succinic acids and / or their derivatives, benzotriazole, and / or tolyltriazole;
- les additifs épaississants, tels que les esters gras ; thickening additives, such as fatty esters;
- les additifs détergents, tels que les sels de calcium et/ou de magnésium d'alkylaryl-sulfonates, d'alkylphénates, d'alkylsalicylates et/ou leurs dérivés ; detergent additives, such as the calcium and / or magnesium salts of alkylarylsulfonates, alkylphenates, alkylsalicylates and / or their derivatives;
- les additifs dispersants, tels que les alkénylsuccinimides, les esters succiniques et/ou leurs dérivés, et/ou les bases de Mannich ; dispersant additives, such as alkenylsuccinimides, succinic esters and / or their derivatives, and / or Mannich bases;
- les additifs désactivateurs de métaux, tels que les composés hétérocycliques contenant de l'azote et/ou du soufre, par exemple le triazole, le tolutriazole, et le benzotriazole ; metal deactivating additives, such as heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen and / or sulfur, for example triazole, tolutriazole, and benzotriazole;
ou leurs mélanges. A noter qu'un additif peut avoir plusieurs propriétés, comme le dialkyl- dithiophosphate de zinc qui est un additif antioxydant, anti-usure, anti-corrosif et légèrement dispersant. or their mixtures. It should be noted that an additive may have several properties, such as zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate, which is an antioxidant, anti-wear, anti-corrosive and slightly dispersing additive.
Du fait des propriétés anti-usure, modificatrice de friction et extrême pression du dilipoate de dimère(s) diol de l'invention, la présence du dilipoate de dimère(s) diol dans la composition permet de réduire la quantité habituellement nécessaire de l'autre additif, en particulier lorsqu'il s'agit d'un additif anti-usure, d'un additif modificateur de friction et/ou d'un additif extrême pression, permettant ainsi de réduire l'impact environnemental de cet autre additif, notamment si celui-ci présente une certaine toxicité. Because of the anti-wear, friction modifying and extreme pressure properties of the diol dimer dilipoate of the invention, the presence of the diol dimer dilipoate in the composition reduces the usually required amount of the diol dimer dilipoate. other additive, in particular when it is an anti-wear additive, a friction modifying additive and / or an extreme pressure additive, thus making it possible to reduce the environmental impact of this other additive, in particular if it shows some toxicity.
Comme cela est indiqué ci-avant, les compositions selon l'invention sont particulièrement adaptées à une utilisation comme composition lubrifiante. As indicated above, the compositions according to the invention are particularly suitable for use as a lubricating composition.
La présente invention divulgue enfin un procédé de préparation d'une composition selon l'invention, comprenant une étape de mélangeage d'une huile avec un dilipoate de dimère(s) diol selon l'invention. The present invention finally discloses a process for preparing a composition according to the invention, comprising a step of mixing an oil with a diol dimer dilipoate according to the invention.
De préférence, le procédé de préparation d'une composition selon l'invention comprend une étape de mélangeage d'une huile minérale et/ou d'une huile synthétique, avec un dilipoate de dimère(s) diol, plus préférentiellement, une étape de mélangeage d'une huile minérale avec un dilipoate de dimère(s) diol selon l'invention. Preferably, the process for preparing a composition according to the invention comprises a step of mixing a mineral oil and / or a synthetic oil with a dimer (s) diol dilipoate, more preferably, a step of mixing a mineral oil with a dilipoate of dimer (s) diol according to the invention.
L'invention sera mieux comprise au vu des exemples qui suivent, donnés à titre illustratif, avec référence à : The invention will be better understood from the following examples, given by way of illustration, with reference to:
La Figure 1 , qui est un graphique représentant des courbes de Stribeck (c'est-à-dire des courbes représentant les mesures de coefficient de friction en fonction de la vitesse de rotation) obtenues à partir d'une huile minérale non additivée et de la même huile additivée de 10% en masse de dilipoate de dimères diol (1 test et 2 répétitions avec chaque échantillon); La Figure 2, qui est un graphique représentant l'amélioration moyenne (sur le test et les deux répétitions de la Fig. 1 ) du coefficient de friction entre une huile minérale non additivée et la même huile additivée de 10% en masse de dilipoate de dimères diol ; Figure 1, which is a graph showing Stribeck curves (i.e. curves representing friction coefficient versus rotational speed measurements) obtained from non-additive mineral oil and the same oil additive of 10% by mass of diol dimeric dilipoate (1 test and 2 repetitions with each sample); Figure 2, which is a graph showing the average improvement (on the test and the two repetitions of Fig. 1) of the coefficient of friction between a non-additive mineral oil and the same oil additive of 10% by mass of dilipoate of diol dimers;
La Figure 3, qui est un graphique représentant des courbes de Stribeck obtenues à partir de trois échantillons, un contrôle et deux échantillons contenant respectivement du dilipoate de dimères diol et du GMO ; La Figure 4, qui est un graphique représentant des courbes de Stribeck obtenues à partir de deux échantillons contenant respectivement du dilipoate de dimères diol et du lipoate de n-octyle. Figure 3, which is a graph showing Stribeck curves obtained from three samples, one control and two samples respectively containing diol dimer dilipoate and GMO; Figure 4, which is a graph showing Stribeck curves obtained from two samples respectively containing dilipoate of diol dimers and n-octyl lipoate.
Exemple 1 : Préparation d'un dilipoate de dimères diol selon l'invention EXAMPLE 1 Preparation of a diol dimeric dilipoate according to the invention
Dans un réacteur, équipé d'un montage de distillation, sont ajoutés 100 g d'acide lipoïque (lipoic acid, 98%, n ° CAS : 1077-28-7) et 132,5 g de dimères diol (Radianol ® 1990 commercialisé par Oleon NV, composé d'au moins 98% de dimères diol dont au moins 95% de dimères diol comportant 36 atomes de carbone, et d'au moins 75% d'isomères acycliques). 100 g of lipoic acid (lipoic acid, 98%, CAS No. 1077-28-7) and 132.5 g of diol dimers (Radianol® 1990 marketed) are added to a reactor equipped with a distillation assembly. by Oleon NV, composed of at least 98% of diol dimers of which at least 95% diol dimers having 36 carbon atoms, and at least 75% of acyclic isomers).
Le mélange est chauffé à 140°C, sous agitation. L'avancement de la réaction est suivi par chromatographie sur couche mince. Après 24 heures de réaction, la conversion de l'alcool est totale. The mixture is heated to 140 ° C with stirring. The progress of the reaction is monitored by thin layer chromatography. After 24 hours of reaction, the conversion of the alcohol is complete.
Le mélange réactionnel est purifié sur Combi-Flash par passage sur une colonne de gel de silice, avec pour éluant de l'heptane avec un gradient de 0 à 5% d'acétone. The reaction mixture is purified on Combi-Flash by passage through a column of silica gel, eluting with heptane with a gradient of 0 to 5% acetone.
Après évaporation de l'éluant, le dilipoate de dimères diol est obtenu sous forme d'une huile visqueuse jaunâtre. After evaporation of the eluent, the diol dimeric dilipoate is obtained in the form of a yellowish viscous oil.
Le mélange de dilipoate de dimères diol obtenu comporte 98,3% de dilipoate de dimères diol comportant 52 atomes de carbone et 76% d'isomères acycliques. Exemple 2: Evaluation des propriétés du dilipoate de dimères diol de l'Exemple 1 The diol dimeric dilipoate mixture obtained contains 98.3% diol dimeric dilipoate having 52 carbon atoms and 76% acyclic isomers. EXAMPLE 2 Evaluation of the Properties of the Diol Dimeric Dilipoate of Example 1
2.1 -Préparation des échantillons 2.1 -Preparation of the samples
Cinq échantillons ont été préparés en utilisant : Five samples were prepared using:
l'huile minérale de groupe II Chevron Neutral oil 220R (ci-après désigné « huile minérale »), et Group II Chevron Neutral oil 220R mineral oil (hereinafter referred to as "mineral oil"), and
- le dilipoate de dimères diol de l'Exemple 1 . the dilipoate of diol dimers of Example 1.
La composition des échantillons numérotés de A à E est indiquée dans le The composition of the samples numbered from A to E is indicated in the
Tableau 1 ci-après : Table 1 below:
* sur la masse totale de l'échantillon * on the total mass of the sample
Tableau 1 : Teneurs des échantillons A à E testés 2.2- Evaluation de la propriété anti-usure du dilipoate de dimères diol de l'Exemple 1Table 1: Content of samples A to E tested 2.2- Evaluation of the anti-wear property of the diol dimeric dilipoate of Example 1
L'effet du dilipoate de dimères diol a été mesuré sur le test d'usure quatre billes selon la norme ASTM D4172-94 (2016). Le test consiste à appliquer sur 3 billes disposées sur un même plan et immergées dans un échantillon, un poids de 40 kg avec une rotation à 1200 tours par minute pendant une heure à 75 °C, via la 4ème bille posée à l'intersection des trois autres billes. The effect of diol dimeric dilipoate was measured on the four-ball wear test according to ASTM D4172-94 (2016). The test is to apply on 3 balls placed on the same plane and immersed in a sample, a weight of 40 kg with a rotation at 1200 rpm for one hour at 75 ° C, via the 4 th ball placed at the intersection of the other three marbles.
Lors du test conduit avec l'échantillon A, il a été observé une usure moyenne des billes de 1 ,1 10 mm. In the test carried out with the sample A, an average wear of the balls of 1.10 mm was observed.
Le même test conduit avec l'échantillon C, a permis d'abaisser l'usure à 0,625 mm, soit une diminution de l'usure de 43,7%. The same test conducted with the sample C, made it possible to reduce the wear to 0.625 mm, which is a reduction of the wear of 43.7%.
Un résultat similaire, une usure de 0,650 mm, a été observé avec l'échantillon A similar result, a wear of 0.650 mm, was observed with the sample
E. E.
L'ajout de 2% en masse de dilipoate de dimères diol dans une huile minérale de groupe II permet de réduire de 41 ,4% l'usure du métal en contact avec cette composition. The addition of 2% by mass of diol dimeric dilipoate in a Group II mineral oil makes it possible to reduce the wear of the metal in contact with this composition by 41.4%.
2.3- Evaluation de la propriété modificatrice de friction du dilipoate de dimères diol de l'Exemple 1 2.3- Evaluation of the friction modifier property of the diol dimeric dilipoate of Example 1
Pour quantifier la diminution de la friction, le coefficient de friction des échantillons A, C et E, a été mesuré sur un rhéomètre MCR-502 équipé d'un tribomètre MCR d'Anton-Paar. To quantify the decrease in friction, the coefficient of friction of samples A, C and E was measured on an MCR-502 rheometer equipped with an Anton-Paar MCR tribometer.
Une bille en acier 100Cr6 est mise en contact avec 3 cylindres en acier 100Cr6 avec une rotation allant de 1000 mm/s à 0,01 mm/s à 25^ et en appliquant une force de 10 Newtons. Les trois cylindres et la bille sont immergés dans 0,5 mL de l'échantillon testé. Le coefficient de friction en fonction de la vitesse de rotation est alors mesuré pour établir une courbe de Stribeck. A 100Cr6 steel ball is brought into contact with 3 cylinders of 100Cr6 steel with a rotation ranging from 1000 mm / s to 0.01 mm / s at 25 ° and applying a force of 10 Newtons. The three cylinders and the ball are immersed in 0.5 mL of the test sample. The coefficient of friction as a function of the rotational speed is then measured to establish a Stribeck curve.
Avec l'échantillon A, il a été observé qu'en répétant le test 2 fois, le coefficient de friction à vitesse faible (<0,25 mm/s), augmente sensiblement à chaque fois (Fig.1 ). With sample A, it has been observed that by repeating the test twice, the coefficient of friction at low speed (<0.25 mm / s) increases substantially each time (Fig.1).
A l'inverse, avec l'échantillon C, le coefficient de friction reste stable après 2 répétitions, à des valeurs très inférieures à celles obtenues avec l'échantillon A (Fig.1 ). On the other hand, with the C sample, the coefficient of friction remains stable after 2 repetitions, at values much lower than those obtained with the sample A (FIG.
Lors de vitesses faibles et donc de contact métal-métal maximum, on observe un abaissement du coefficient de friction jusqu'à 53% (Fig. 2). At low speeds and thus maximum metal-to-metal contact, the coefficient of friction can be reduced by up to 53% (Fig. 2).
Des résultats similaires sont obtenus avec l'échantillon E, en abaissant le chargement de 10% à 2% en masse de dilipoate de dimères diol. Similar results are obtained with sample E, lowering the loading from 10% to 2% by weight of diol dimeric dilipoate.
L'ajout de 2% en masse de dilipoate de dimères diol dans une huile minérale de groupe II permet de réduire la friction jusqu'à environ 53% par rapport à l'utilisation de la même huile non additivée. Le dilipoate de dimères diol peut donc être utilisé comme additif modificateur de friction. The addition of 2% by mass of diol dimeric dilipoate in a Group II mineral oil makes it possible to reduce the friction up to about 53% compared with the use of the same non-additive oil. Diol dimeric dilipoate can therefore be used as a friction modifying additive.
2.4- Evaluation de la propriété anti-usure et modificatrice de friction du dilipoate de dimères diol de l'Exemple 1 2.4- Evaluation of the Anti-Wear and Friction Modifying Property of Diol Dimeric Dilipoate of Example 1
Les propriétés anti-usure et modificatrice de friction du dilipoate de dimères diol ont également été mesurées via le test HFRR (« High Frequency Reciprocating Rig »), appareil à mouvement alternatif haute fréquence, de façon similaire à ce qui est décrit dans la norme ASTM D6079 - 1 1 (2016). The anti-wear and friction modifier properties of the diol dimeric dilipoate were also measured using the High Frequency Reciprocating Rig (HFRR) test, a high frequency reciprocating apparatus, similar to that described in ASTM. D6079 - 1 1 (2016).
Le test consiste à appliquer un poids sur une bille en mouvement sur un disque afin de mesurer l'usure et le coefficient de friction à différentes températures. The test involves applying a weight to a moving ball on a disc to measure wear and coefficient of friction at different temperatures.
Deux échantillons ont été testés : l'échantillon A et C. Quelques millilitres de chaque échantillon sont utilisés afin d'immerger la bille avant chaque test. Two samples were tested: sample A and C. A few milliliters of each sample are used to immerse the ball before each test.
Une usure de la bille de 255,3 x 231 ,8 μηι est observée avec l'utilisation de l'échantillon A. Le coefficient de friction est de 0,166 à 70 °C, 0,202 à 100 <C et 0,241 à 130°C. A wear of the ball of 255.3 x 231, 8 μηι is observed with the use of the sample A. The coefficient of friction is from 0.166 to 70 ° C, 0.202 to 100 < C and 0.241 to 130 ° C.
Avec l'échantillon C, l'usure est abaissée à 153,9 x 156,6 soit 40% x 32% de diminution. Le coefficient de friction est alors de 0,142 à 70°C, 0,1 14 à 100°C et 0,1 1 1 à 130 <C soit une diminution du coefficient de friction de 14% à 70 °C, 44% à 100 <C et 54% à 130<C. With sample C, the wear is lowered to 153.9 x 156.6 or 40% x 32% decrease. The coefficient of friction is then 0.142 at 70 ° C, 0.1 14 to 100 ° C and 0.1 1 1-130 <C a decrease of the friction coefficient of 14% at 70 ° C, 44% to 100 < C and 54% at 130 < C.
Ce test HFRR confirme la propriété anti-usure et modificatrice de friction du dilipoate de dimères diol. This HFRR test confirms the anti-wear and friction modifying property of diol dimer dilipoate.
2.5- Evaluation de la propriété extrême pression du dilipoate de dimères diol de l'Exemple 1 2.5- Evaluation of the extreme pressure property of the diol dimeric dilipoate of Example 1
La propriété extrême pression du dilipoate de dimères diol a été évaluée en utilisant le test de compression en rotation (« Twist Compression Test » ou « TCT ») de TribSys. Pour ce test, un module annulaire rotatif est mis en contact avec une plaque fixe et plate selon une vitesse et une pression définies. The extreme pressure property of the diol dimeric dilipoate was evaluated using the TribSys Twist Compression Test ("TCT"). For this test, a rotary annular module is brought into contact with a fixed and flat plate at a defined speed and pressure.
Après agitation des échantillons, 0,3-0,5 millilitre de chaque échantillon ont été déposés sur la plaque à l'aide d'une pipette et les données collectées à 50Hz. After stirring the samples, 0.3-0.5 milliliters of each sample were pipetted onto the plate and the data collected at 50Hz.
Les tests dynamiques ont été réalisés à 10 tours par minute et à une pression de 69 MPa à l'interface de pression sur une plaque de métal en acier 410 et avec un module annulaire en acier de type D2 (60-65 Rc), jusqu'à rupture de la lubrification. The dynamic tests were carried out at 10 rpm and at a pressure 69 MPa at the pressure interface on a steel plate 410 and with an annular steel module type D2 (60-65 Rc), until the lubrication breaks.
Cette rupture correspond soit à une variation nette dans la courbe de coefficient de friction montrant un changement de comportement des pièces en frottement et donc de la lubrification, soit à un coefficient de friction atteignant une valeur de 0,2. This break corresponds either to a net variation in the coefficient of friction curve showing a change in the behavior of the parts in friction and therefore of the lubrication, or to a coefficient of friction reaching a value of 0.2.
La force de friction transmise par le module annulaire à la plaque de métal change lorsque l'interface lubrifiée change suite à la rotation du module sous le poids appliqué. The friction force transmitted by the annular module to the metal plate changes as the lubricated interface changes due to rotation of the module under the applied weight.
Les résultats sont rassemblés dans le Tableau 2 ci-dessous : The results are summarized in Table 2 below:
Tableau 2 : Temps avant rupture à une pression de 69 MPa Table 2: Time to rupture at a pressure of 69 MPa
L'ajout de 5% en masse de dilipoate de dimères diol dans une huile minérale de groupe II permet d'augmenter le temps avant rupture. Le dilipoate de dimères diol peut donc être utilisé comme additif extrême pression. The addition of 5% by weight diol dimeric dilipoate in a Group II mineral oil makes it possible to increase the time to rupture. Diol dimeric dilipoate can therefore be used as an extreme pressure additive.
Un autre test a été réalisé à 10 tours par minute et à une pression de 103 MPa ; le résultat est donné dans le Tableau 3 ci-dessous : Another test was carried out at 10 rpm and at a pressure of 103 MPa; the result is given in Table 3 below:
Tableau 3 : Temps avant rupture à une pression de 103 MPa Table 3: Time before rupture at a pressure of 103 MPa
Ce test confirme que le dilipoate de dimères diol peut être utilisé comme additif extrême pression. A 3,5% en masse dans une huile minérale de groupe II, et sous une pression de 103 MPa, le temps avant rupture est augmenté. This test confirms that diol dimeric dilipoate can be used as an extreme pressure additive. At 3.5% by weight in a Group II mineral oil, and under a pressure of 103 MPa, the time to failure is increased.
Exemple 3: Comparatifs des propriétés du dilipoate de dimères diol de l'Exemple 1 EXAMPLE 3 Comparative Properties of Diol Dimeric Dilipoate of Example 1
3.1 -Préparation des échantillons 3.1 -Preparation of the samples
Outre les échantillons déjà préparés à l'Exemple 2, six autres échantillons ont été préparés en utilisant : In addition to the samples already prepared in Example 2, six other samples were been prepared using:
l'huile minérale de groupe II Chevron Neutral oil 220R (ci-après désigné « huile minérale ») ; Chevron Neutral oil 220R Group II mineral oil (hereinafter referred to as "mineral oil");
- le lipoate de n-octyle préparé selon le procédé de préparation décrit dans la publication "Lipoate ester multifunctional lubricant additives" ; Biresaw et al.; Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research (2016), 55, 373-383. n-octyl lipoate prepared according to the preparation method described in the publication "Lipoate ester multifunctional lubricant additives"; Biresaw et al .; Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research (2016), 55, 373-383.
- l'additif anti-usure dialkyldithiophosphate de zinc (ci-après désigné « ZDDP ») ; the anti-wear additive zinc dialkyldithiophosphate (hereinafter referred to as "ZDDP");
l'additif extrême pression Additin® RC 2540 de RheinChemie (un dialkylpentasulfide contenant 40% en masse de soufre, ci-après désigné « Additin ») ; Additin® RC 2540 extreme pressure additive from RheinChemie (a dialkylpentasulfide containing 40% by weight of sulfur, hereinafter referred to as "Additin");
l'additif extrême pression Paroil® 140-LV de Dover Chemical Corporation (une paraffine chlorée contenant 42% en masse de chlore, ci-après désigné « Paroil »), et the Paroil® 140-LV extreme pressure additive from Dover Chemical Corporation (a chlorinated paraffin containing 42% by mass of chlorine, hereinafter referred to as "Paroil"), and
l'additif modificateur de friction monooléate de glycérol Radiasurf® 7149 d'Oleon (ci-après désigné « GMO »). Oleon Radiasurf® 7149 glycerol monooleate friction modifier additive (hereinafter referred to as "GMO").
La composition des échantillons numérotés de F à K est indiquée dans le Tableau 4 ci-après : The composition of samples numbered from F to K is shown in Table 4 below:
* sur la masse totale de l'échantillon * on the total mass of the sample
Tableau 4 : Teneurs des échantillons F à K testés Table 4: Content of samples F to K tested
3.2-Test d'usure quatre billes 3.2-Wear test four balls
Les tests comparatifs ont été réalisés dans les mêmes conditions que celles décrites à l'Exemple 2.2. The comparative tests were carried out under the same conditions as those described in Example 2.2.
3.2 a)-Avec l'additif anti-usure ZDDP 3.2 a) -With the anti-wear additive ZDDP
Le test réalisé avec l'échantillon F conduit à une usure de 0,570 mm, soit une diminution de l'usure de 48,6%. Les échantillons C et F contiennent chacun une teneur en soufre de 1 ,4%. Le dilipoate de dimères diol a une propriété anti-usure (diminution de 43,7%) comparable au ZDDP, un additif anti-usure parmi les plus utilisés actuellement. Ceci confirme que le dilipoate de dimères diol peut être utilisé comme additif anti-usure. The test carried out with the sample F leads to a wear of 0.570 mm, a reduction of the wear of 48.6%. Samples C and F each contain a sulfur content of 1.4%. Diol Dimer dilipoate has an anti-wear property (43.7% decrease) comparable to ZDDP, an anti-wear additive among the most currently used. This confirms that the diol dimeric dilipoate can be used as an anti-wear additive.
3.2 b)-Avec le lipoate de n-octyle 3.2 (b) -With n-octyl lipoate
Les tests réalisés avec les échantillons I et K conduisent respectivement à une usure de 0,775 mm et 0,783 mm, soit une diminution de l'usure de 30,2% et 29,5%. The tests carried out with the I and K samples respectively lead to a wear of 0.775 mm and 0.783 mm, which is a reduction of the wear of 30.2% and 29.5%.
Le dilipoate de dimères diol a une propriété anti-usure supérieure à l'effet anti- usure du lipoate de n-octyle, et cela aussi bien à quantité égale (10%) d'ester dans l'huile (échantillons C et K), qu'à teneur égale en soufre (échantillons C et I). Les échantillons C et I contiennent en effet tous deux une teneur en soufre de 1 ,4%. The diol dimeric dilipoate has an anti-wear property superior to the anti-wear effect of n-octyl lipoate, and this as well with equal amount (10%) of ester in the oil (samples C and K) at the same sulfur content (samples C and I). Both samples C and I contain a sulfur content of 1.4%.
3.3-Test sur rhéomètre 3.3-Rheometer test
Les tests comparatifs ont été réalisés dans les mêmes conditions que celles décrites à l'Exemple 2.3. The comparative tests were carried out under the same conditions as those described in Example 2.3.
3.3 a)-Avec l'additif modificateur de friction GMO 3.3 a) -With GMO friction modifier additive
Le test réalisé avec l'échantillon J montre que le GMO abaisse le coefficient de friction de façon similaire au dilipoate de dimères diol (Fig. 3). The test performed with sample J shows that the GMO lowers the coefficient of friction in a manner similar to diol dimeric dilipoate (Fig. 3).
Ce test comparatif confirme que le dilipoate de dimères diol peut être utilisé comme additif modificateur de friction. This comparative test confirms that the diol dimeric dilipoate can be used as a friction modifying additive.
3.3 b)-Avec le lipoate de n-octyle 3.3 (b) - With n-octyl lipoate
Le test réalisé avec l'échantillon K permet également d'observer un abaissement du coefficient de friction à des vitesses faibles. Toutefois, cet abaissement est moindre comparativement au dilipoate (Fig. 4). The test carried out with the sample K also makes it possible to observe a lowering of the coefficient of friction at low speeds. However, this decrease is less compared to the dilipoate (Fig. 4).
Le dilipoate de dimères diol a une propriété modificatrice de friction supérieure à celui du lipoate de n-octyle. 3.4-Test HFRR The diol dimeric dilipoate has a higher friction modifying property than n-octyl lipoate. 3.4-HFRR test
Le test comparatif a été réalisé dans les mêmes conditions que celles décrites à l'Exemple 2.4. The comparative test was carried out under the same conditions as those described in Example 2.4.
Avec l'échantillon K, une usure de la bille de 213,6 x 176,5 μηι est observée, soit une diminution de 16% x 24%. Le coefficient de friction est de 0,142 à 70°C, 0,125 à 100°C et 0,143 à 130 <C, soit une diminution du coefficient de friction de 14% à 70 <C, 38% à 100 <C et 41 % à 130 <C. With sample K, a 213.6 x 176.5 μηι ball wear is observed, a decrease of 16% x 24%. The friction coefficient is 0.142 at 70 ° C, 0.125 to 100 ° C and from 0.143 to 130 <C, a decrease of the friction coefficient of 14% to 70 <C, 38% at 100 < C and 41% at 130 < C.
Ce test HFRR démontre la meilleure propriété anti-usure et modificatrice de friction du dilipoate de dimères diol comparativement au lipoate de n-octyle. 3.5-Test de compression en rotation This HFRR test demonstrates the best anti-wear and friction-modifying property of diol dimeric dilipoate compared to n-octyl lipoate. 3.5-Rotational compression test
Les tests comparatifs ont été réalisés dans les mêmes conditions que celles décrites à l'Exemple 2.5. The comparative tests were carried out under the same conditions as those described in Example 2.5.
Les résultats sont rassemblés dans le Tableau 5 ci-dessous : The results are summarized in Table 5 below:
Tableau 5 : Comparatif de temps avan rupture avec un additif soufré Table 5: Comparison of time before rupture with a sulfur additive
Pour un temps avant rupture similaire, l'utilisation du dilipoate de dimères diol permet de réduire la teneur en soufre. Par exemple, pour un temps de rupture compris entre 51 et 58 secondes, la teneur en soufre est divisée par deux, soit 0,7% dans la composition comprenant le dilipoate de dimères diol, contre 1 ,4% dans la composition comprenant l'Additin. For a similar time to failure, the use of the diol dimeric dilipoate reduces the sulfur content. For example, for a break time of between 51 and 58 seconds, the sulfur content is halved, or 0.7% in the composition comprising the dilipoate of diol dimers, against 1, 4% in the composition comprising the Additin.
D'autres tests ont été réalisés à 10 tours par minute et à une pression de 103 MPa ; les résultats sont rassemblés dans le Tableau 6 ci-dessous : Other tests were carried out at 10 revolutions per minute and at a pressure of 103 MPa; the results are summarized in Table 6 below:
Tableau 6 : Comparatif de temps avant rupture avec un additif chloré Table 6: Comparison of time before rupture with a chlorinated additive
Comparativement à l'additif extrême pression commercial, Paroil, le dilipoate de dimères diol utilisé en quantité moindre (3,5% contre 10% en masse), contenant une teneur en soufre de 0,5% en masse (contre 4,2% en chlore), présente un temps avant rupture plus long donc meilleur. Compared to the extreme commercial pressure additive, Paroil, the diol dimeric dilipoate used in a smaller quantity (3.5% compared with 10% by weight), containing a sulfur content of 0.5% by weight (compared to 4.2% in chlorine), has a longer break time so better.
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| FR1750701A FR3062387A1 (en) | 2017-01-27 | 2017-01-27 | DILIPOATE OF DIMERE (S) DIOL AND USE THEREOF AS ADDITIVE |
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| JP2007176814A (en) * | 2005-12-27 | 2007-07-12 | Yoshihiro Futamura | Zeaxanthin derivative having inhibiting action on production of inflammatory cytokine, and food product preparation, cosmetics, and anti-inflammatory agent comprising same |
| WO2008023283A2 (en) * | 2006-08-25 | 2008-02-28 | Omnica Gmbh | Stabilized esters of lutein |
| WO2009086547A1 (en) * | 2008-01-03 | 2009-07-09 | Cedars-Sinai Medical Center | Antioxidant nanosphere comprising [1,2]-dithiolane moieties |
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| CN103992856A (en) * | 2014-04-25 | 2014-08-20 | 蚌埠市时代电子有限公司 | Sustained-release anti-oxidation high-efficiency drawing oil |
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2017
- 2017-01-27 FR FR1750701A patent/FR3062387A1/en not_active Withdrawn
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2018
- 2018-01-26 WO PCT/EP2018/051934 patent/WO2018138246A1/en not_active Ceased
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| JP2007176814A (en) * | 2005-12-27 | 2007-07-12 | Yoshihiro Futamura | Zeaxanthin derivative having inhibiting action on production of inflammatory cytokine, and food product preparation, cosmetics, and anti-inflammatory agent comprising same |
| WO2008023283A2 (en) * | 2006-08-25 | 2008-02-28 | Omnica Gmbh | Stabilized esters of lutein |
| WO2009086547A1 (en) * | 2008-01-03 | 2009-07-09 | Cedars-Sinai Medical Center | Antioxidant nanosphere comprising [1,2]-dithiolane moieties |
| JP2012031282A (en) * | 2010-07-30 | 2012-02-16 | Nsk Ltd | Lubricant composition and rolling device |
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| GIRMA BIRESAW ET AL.: "Lipoate ester multifunctional lubricant additives", INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH, vol. 55, 31 December 2015 (2015-12-31), US, pages 373 - 383, XP002773327, ISSN: 0888-5885 * |
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