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WO2018137182A1 - 义齿、义齿制作方法和装置 - Google Patents

义齿、义齿制作方法和装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018137182A1
WO2018137182A1 PCT/CN2017/072645 CN2017072645W WO2018137182A1 WO 2018137182 A1 WO2018137182 A1 WO 2018137182A1 CN 2017072645 W CN2017072645 W CN 2017072645W WO 2018137182 A1 WO2018137182 A1 WO 2018137182A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
layer
denture
alloy
functional wear
stress relaxation
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Ceased
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PCT/CN2017/072645
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English (en)
French (fr)
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WO2018137182A8 (zh
Inventor
孙玉春
周永胜
王勇
陈科龙
戴宁
李榕
叶红强
陈虎
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Beijing Shinotech Co Ltd
Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics
Peking University School of Stomatology
Original Assignee
Beijing Shinotech Co Ltd
Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics
Peking University School of Stomatology
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Application filed by Beijing Shinotech Co Ltd, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Peking University School of Stomatology filed Critical Beijing Shinotech Co Ltd
Priority to PCT/CN2017/072645 priority Critical patent/WO2018137182A1/zh
Priority to CN201780000102.5A priority patent/CN109561952B/zh
Publication of WO2018137182A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018137182A1/zh
Publication of WO2018137182A8 publication Critical patent/WO2018137182A8/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61C—DENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
    • A61C13/00—Dental prostheses; Making same
    • A61C13/08—Artificial teeth; Making same
    • A61C13/09—Composite teeth, e.g. front and back section; Multilayer teeth

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of stomatology, in particular to a method and a device for manufacturing dentures and dentures.
  • the upper and lower jaw teeth When chewing, the upper and lower jaw teeth will form a pair of special wear pairs, namely the tooth wear pair. Under the control of the central nervous system, it is powered by chewing muscles. For the procedure, the chewing cycle (average 900-1000 times/meal) is repeated throughout the process to complete the complex chewing function.
  • the contact modes of the upper and lower jaw teeth are mainly friction and collision.
  • the corresponding wear types are abrasive wear and fatigue wear. The two wear modes alternately occur, coupling and strengthening each other.
  • the three-dimensional imaging technique was used to measure the amount of wear of the enamel in the oral cavity, and it was found that the enamel was worn at an average speed of 20-48 ⁇ m/year.
  • dentures After the loss of human natural teeth, dentures need to be repaired. Common dentures are divided into two categories: fixed and active. Fixed dentures (including fixed dentures) have a positive effect, and are favored by both doctors and patients. They account for 50%-80% of the total dentures. It is conservatively estimated that China's annual demand exceeds 2000. Ten thousand pieces. For the self and the jaw teeth, the hardness of the denture determines the fatigue wear performance. The wear resistance of the denture determines the abrasive wear performance. The customization and regulation of hardness and wear resistance are the key to realize the "physiological wear" performance of the denture. The ideal denture should have similar wear characteristics to natural tooth enamel, and can be worn at the same time as the natural tooth enamel of the jaw.
  • the raw materials for fixed dentures are mainly metals, resins and ceramics.
  • the metal materials the hardness of the gold alloy and the titanium alloy is moderate, and the abrasion resistance to the natural teeth is relatively small, but the "golden, silver" of the metal material is difficult for people to accept.
  • the multi-layer denture manufacturing technology including porcelain technology has obviously improved the defects of the aesthetic effect of pure metal materials, but the outer porcelain surface layers such as silicate, feldspar and lithium disilicate are easily broken during long-term repeated chewing.
  • a denture comprising: a functional wear layer on the surface layer; and a stress relaxation layer of the porous structure below the functional wear layer.
  • the stress relaxation layer is a porous ceramic, metal or high strength polymer material.
  • the functional wear layer is a composite resin, a composite polyetheretherketone, a glass ceramic, a gold alloy, a titanium alloy or a soft cobalt chromium alloy material.
  • the thickness, hardness and/or wear resistance of the stress relieving layer is comparable to the thickness, hardness and/or wear resistance of natural dentin.
  • the thickness, hardness and/or wear resistance of the functional wear layer is comparable to the thickness, hardness and/or wear resistance of the natural tooth enamel layer.
  • the porous structure of the stress relaxation layer is filled with a fluid resin, a low melting point, low hardness alloy and/or a glass ceramic material.
  • the stress relieving layer is a three-dimensionally-transparent three-dimensionally intersecting trabecular beam-like, dendritic and/or three-dimensional gradient structure with stress interruption function.
  • the method further comprises: a substrate support layer on the bottom layer of the denture, which is made of zirconia, gold alloy, titanium alloy, cobalt chromium alloy or composite polyetheretherketone.
  • the portion of the stress relaxation layer that is in contact with the substrate support layer is gradually increased in density toward the substrate support layer, and the substrate support layer is a solid dense structure.
  • the non-occlusal area of the denture is a dense ceramic, a high-strength molecular material or a metal material.
  • the denture further comprises: a layer of gums located below the side of the denture, the color of the gum layer being comparable to the color of the gum of the patient.
  • the denture comprises a plurality of colors, the color of the denture being comparable to the color of the patient's natural teeth.
  • the denture is an integrally formed structure of metal, composite polyetheretherketone or elastic ceramic material.
  • the denture surface function wear layer of such a denture includes a stress relaxation layer of a porous structure, which can be broken and compressed as the patient chews, and the functional abrasion layer is deformed, so that the shape of the denture is more in line with the patient's chew as the patient uses it.
  • Demand while avoiding the trauma of the jaw teeth caused by excessive dentures during long-term use, Trauma and temporomandibular joint disorders, etc., optimize long-term use.
  • a method for manufacturing a denture includes: printing a base support layer at the bottom of the denture using a three-dimensional printing device according to the three-dimensional data of the denture; and printing a stress relaxation layer of the porous structure on the base support layer according to the three-dimensional data of the denture A functional wear layer on the surface of the denture occlusal surface is created above the stress relieving layer.
  • the method further comprises: performing a heat treatment operation after completing the printing stress relaxation layer; injecting the resin, the low melting point low hardness alloy and/or the glass ceramic into the stress relaxation layer of the porous structure; generating the denture above the stress relaxation layer
  • the functional wear layer of the occlusal surface includes a functional wear layer formed over the stress relaxation layer comprising a resin, a low melting point low hardness alloy, and/or a glass ceramic.
  • the method further comprises: after the heat treatment operation is completed, treating the stress relaxation layer with a surface tension treatment agent to improve the surface wettability of the stress relaxation layer; and injecting the resin, the low melting point low hardness alloy and/or the glass ceramic into the porous structure.
  • the stress relieving layer includes: injecting a resin, a low melting point low hardness alloy and/or a glass ceramic into the stress relieving layer treated by the surface tension treating agent.
  • generating a functional wear layer on the surface of the denture occlusal surface above the stress relieving layer comprises: printing a functional wear layer according to the denture three-dimensional data above the stress relieving layer.
  • generating a functional wear layer on the surface of the denture occlusal surface above the stress relaxation layer comprises: covering the material of the functional wear layer above the stress relaxation layer; and cutting the material of the functional wear layer according to the three-dimensional data of the denture to generate a functional wear layer .
  • the substrate support layer is made of zirconia, gold alloy, titanium alloy, cobalt chromium alloy or composite polyether ether ketone.
  • the stress relaxation layer is a porous ceramic, metal or high-strength polymer material.
  • the functional wear layer is a composite resin, a composite polyetheretherketone, a glass ceramic, a gold alloy, a titanium alloy or Soft cobalt chrome alloy.
  • a denture comprising a stress relieving layer of a porous structure, so that the denture requirement of the patient is more conformed during use of the denture, and at the same time, the tooth wound of the jaw is caused during long-term use due to excessive denture. Trauma and temporomandibular joint disorders, etc., optimize long-term use.
  • a denture making system comprising: a three-dimensional printer for printing a base support layer at the bottom of the denture according to the three-dimensional data of the denture; and printing the porous structure on the base support layer according to the three-dimensional data of the denture a stress relieving layer; a functional wear layer generating device for generating a functional wear layer on the surface of the denture occlusal surface above the stress relieving layer.
  • the method further includes: a heat treatment device for performing a heat treatment operation after the three-dimensional printer completes the printing stress relaxation layer; and an injecting device for injecting the resin, the low melting point low hardness alloy and/or the glass ceramic into the porous structure In the relaxation layer; the functional wear layer generating device is for generating a functional wear layer above the stress relaxation layer comprising a resin, a low melting point low hardness alloy and/or a glass ceramic.
  • the method further includes: a surface tension processing device, configured to: after the heat treatment device completes the heat treatment operation, the surface relaxation agent is used to treat the stress relaxation layer to improve the surface wettability of the stress relaxation layer; and the injection device is used for the surface tension treatment. After the surface tension treatment of the device is completed, the resin, the low melting point low hardness alloy and/or the glass ceramic are injected into the stress relaxation layer treated by the surface tension treatment agent.
  • a surface tension processing device configured to: after the heat treatment device completes the heat treatment operation, the surface relaxation agent is used to treat the stress relaxation layer to improve the surface wettability of the stress relaxation layer; and the injection device is used for the surface tension treatment.
  • the resin, the low melting point low hardness alloy and/or the glass ceramic are injected into the stress relaxation layer treated by the surface tension treatment agent.
  • the functional wear layer generating device is a three-dimensional printer for printing a functional wear layer according to the denture three-dimensional data above the stress relieving layer.
  • the functional wear device comprises: a material covering device for covering the material of the functional wear layer above the stress relaxation layer; and a numerical control cutting device for cutting the material of the functional wear layer according to the three-dimensional data of the denture to generate a functional wear layer .
  • Such a denture making system is capable of manufacturing a denture comprising a stress-relieving layer of a porous structure, so that the denture requirement of the patient is more conformed during use of the denture, and the tooth wound of the jaw during long-term use is avoided due to excessive denture. Trauma and temporomandibular joint disorders, etc., optimize long-term use.
  • FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of one embodiment of a denture of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a denture in the prior art.
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic view showing one embodiment of the porous structure of the stress relaxation layer of the denture of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of another embodiment of a denture of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a flow chart of one embodiment of a method of making a denture of the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is a flow chart of another embodiment of a method of making a denture of the present invention.
  • Figure 7 is a schematic illustration of one embodiment of a denture making device of the present invention.
  • Fig. 8 is a schematic view showing another embodiment of the denture preparation device of the present invention.
  • Fig. 9 is a schematic view showing still another embodiment of the denture preparation device of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 A cross-sectional view of one embodiment of the denture of the present invention is shown in FIG.
  • the functional wear layer 1 is located on the surface layer of the denture occlusal surface, and has a dense structure
  • the stress relaxation layer 2 is located below the functional wear layer, as indicated by the oblique line, and has a porous structure.
  • FIG. 1 A cross-sectional view of a denture in the prior art is shown in FIG.
  • the upper structure 5 of the denture is a solid structure
  • the base 6 is embedded in the upper structure 5
  • the lower part can be connected to the implant. Since the superstructure 5 has a large hardness and a solid structure, there is no space for deformation, so that when the patient is strongly engaged, the jaw teeth are easily damaged.
  • the occlusal surface function wear layer of the denture includes a stress relaxation layer of a porous structure, which can realize adaptive adjustment of the surface hardness of the denture, and the functional wear layer is deformed as the patient chews and compresses, and thus With the use of the patient, the shape of the denture is more in line with the patient's chewing needs, while avoiding the trauma of the jaw teeth during long-term use due to the denture being too hard. Trauma and temporomandibular joint disorders, etc., optimize long-term use.
  • the porous structure of the stress relaxation layer of the denture of the present invention may be trabecular-like, or dendritic, or other structures that can achieve stress discontinuation, or a mixture of structures.
  • a structure has a certain force-carrying ability, and can ensure no deformation during normal chewing; at the same time, it is more easily broken than a solid structure, and can be broken during the patient's vigorous occlusion, and the denture occlusal surface is deformed, and on the one hand, self can be realized.
  • Adapting to the adjustment makes the denture more in line with the user's needs, on the other hand, it can prevent damage to the jaw teeth and improve the user experience.
  • the thickness, hardness, and wear resistance of the stress relieving layer are respectively comparable to the thickness, hardness, and wear resistance of the natural dentin; the thickness, hardness, and wear resistance of the functional wear layer are respectively associated with the natural tooth enamel layer The thickness, hardness and wear resistance are equivalent.
  • the functional wear layer may be made of a composite resin, a composite polyetheretherketone, a glass ceramic, a gold alloy, a titanium alloy, or a soft cobalt-chromium alloy material equivalent to the hardness and wear resistance of the natural tooth enamel layer;
  • the porous structure of the stress relaxation layer can be made of a ceramic, a high-strength polymer (such as a composite polyetheretherketone) or a metal material equivalent to the hardness and wear resistance of natural dentin.
  • Such dentures ensure simultaneous wear and tear with the natural teeth of the jaw, improve the realism of the denture bionics, and can be adaptively adjusted during the use of the patient to improve the service life of the denture and the user experience of the patient.
  • the porous structure of the stress relaxation layer may be filled with a filler, and the filler may be one or more of a high flow resin, a low melting point low hardness alloy, and a glass ceramic material such as a bismuth glass.
  • the filler may be one or more of a high flow resin, a low melting point low hardness alloy, and a glass ceramic material such as a bismuth glass.
  • the denture may further comprise a substrate support layer 3 made of zirconia, gold alloy, titanium alloy, cobalt chromium alloy or composite polyetheretherketone.
  • the base support layer 3 is connected to the stress relieving layer 2, and both may be integrally formed.
  • the denture has a bracket connected with the stress relieving layer, can carry the whole denture, and is convenient for connection with the implant, and facilitates denture planting; the integrally formed structure can ensure the rigidity of the denture and prevent the dislocation of the stress relieving layer and the base bracket layer. .
  • the density of the portion of the stress relaxation layer 2 connected to the substrate support layer 3 varies in a gradient.
  • the density is gradually increased in the direction toward the substrate holder layer 3, and the substrate holder layer 3 is a solid dense structure.
  • Such an internal structure can act as a buffer to prevent damage to the patient's root, implant and surrounding alveolar bone during vigorous occlusion, improve the service life of the denture, and protect the soft and hard tissues of the oral cavity.
  • the functional wear layer 1 has a porous structure, or a partial region of the functional wear layer 1 has a porous structure, or a partially porous structure is interspersed in the dense structure of the functional wear layer 1, thereby improving the resistance of the functional wear layer. Fracturing ability to improve the service life of dentures.
  • the specific structure and filler of the porous structure may be any of those mentioned above.
  • the denture further includes a non-biting zone 4, which is a dense ceramic, a high-strength molecular material or a metal material, and the non-bite region of the high-strength dense structure can resist the fracture energy of the denture during long-term service.
  • a non-biting zone 4 which is a dense ceramic, a high-strength molecular material or a metal material, and the non-bite region of the high-strength dense structure can resist the fracture energy of the denture during long-term service.
  • the non-biting region 4 and the substrate support layer 3 may be an integrated structure, and the same material is integrally formed, thereby reducing the complexity of product fabrication and preventing misalignment between the non-bite region and the substrate support layer. To further improve the firmness of the denture.
  • the internal porous scaffold and the resin composite structure in the new occlusal contact area can repeat the process of protective fracture of the porous scaffold, thereby realizing the hardness and wear resistance of the fixed denture and the individual pair.
  • the dynamic adaptive matching of the natural tooth of the jaw, the surface of the denture can be synchronized with the target of physiological wear of the natural tooth enamel.
  • Dentures can be made of metal, composite polyetheretherketone or elastic ceramics and are integrally formed.
  • the surface of the denture occlusal surface is a functional wear layer
  • the middle layer is a stress relaxation layer of a porous structure
  • the lower layer is a base support layer.
  • Such a denture can be integrally formed, which improves manufacturing efficiency and reduces manufacturing costs.
  • the color of the denture in order to improve the aesthetics of the denture, can be configured with reference to the shape of the natural tooth of the human body. Due to the different color of the different positions of the natural teeth, different colors can be assigned to different positions of the denture in a layered manner, as close as possible to the color of the natural teeth.
  • the denture may also include a gingival layer that fills the missing gum portion of the patient, the color of which is comparable to the patient's own gum color, as some patients may experience partial gingival loss.
  • the dentures are rich in color and gradual. They are the same color as natural teeth, which makes it difficult for others to distinguish between natural teeth and dentures, improve the aesthetics and improve the user experience.
  • the gingival layer can fill the missing gums of the patient and further improve the appearance. Degrees, improve user experience, and make it easier to promote applications.
  • FIG. 1 A flow chart of one embodiment of the denture manufacturing method of the present invention is shown in FIG.
  • the base support layer at the bottom of the denture is printed using a three-dimensional printing device based on the denture three-dimensional data.
  • the substrate support layer can be a zirconia, gold alloy, titanium alloy, cobalt chrome alloy, or composite polyetheretherketone material.
  • a stress relieving layer of the porous structure is printed over the substrate support layer based on the denture three-dimensional data.
  • the stress relieving layer may be a porous ceramic, metal or high strength polymer such as a composite polyetheretherketone.
  • a functional wear layer on the surface of the denture occlusal surface is created over the stress relieving layer.
  • the functional wear layer may be a composite resin, a composite polyetheretherketone, a glass ceramic, a gold alloy or a titanium alloy material or a soft cobalt chromium alloy material.
  • the integrally formed printing can be performed by using metal, composite polyetheretherketone or elastic ceramic material, and the overall denture is printed according to the three-dimensional data of the denture, thereby improving the manufacturing efficiency and reducing the manufacturing cost.
  • FIG. 1 A flow chart of another embodiment of the denture manufacturing method of the present invention is shown in FIG.
  • step 601 the base support layer at the bottom of the denture is printed using a three-dimensional printing device based on the denture three-dimensional data.
  • step 602 a stress relaxation layer of the porous structure is printed over the substrate support layer based on the denture three-dimensional data.
  • step 603 a heat treatment operation is performed to fix the shape of the base support layer and the stress relaxation layer and to make the connection more stable.
  • step 604 one or more of a high flow resin, a low melting point low hardness alloy, and a glass ceramic material are injected or filled into the porous structure of the stress relaxation layer.
  • the injected material can be compacted above to ensure a tight fill.
  • the porous structural support of the stress buffer layer may be treated with a surface tension treatment agent to improve the surface wettability of the stress relaxation layer.
  • a functional wear layer on the surface of the denture occlusal surface is created over the stress relieving layer.
  • the three-dimensional coordinates of the denture can be aligned to the three-dimensional coordinates of the previous stress relief layer, and the functional wear layer is printed on top.
  • stress relief can also be used The material of the functional wear layer is covered above the layer, and the material of the functional wear layer is cut by a numerically controlled machine tool or a manual cutting method according to the three-dimensional data of the denture to generate a functional wear layer, thereby reducing the requirement for the material that can be printed by the three-dimensional printer.
  • the three-dimensional printer 701 can print the base supporting layer located at the bottom of the denture according to the three-dimensional data of the denture; and print the stress relieving layer of the porous structure on the base supporting layer according to the three-dimensional data of the denture.
  • the substrate support layer may be a zirconia, a gold alloy, a titanium alloy, a cobalt chrome alloy, or a composite polyetheretherketone material; in one embodiment, the stress relaxation layer may be a porous ceramic or metal material.
  • the functional wear layer generating device 702 is capable of generating a functional wear layer on the surface of the denture occlusal surface above the stress relieving layer.
  • the functional wear layer may be a composite resin, a composite polyetheretherketone, a gold alloy or a titanium alloy material or a soft cobalt chromium alloy material.
  • Such a system is capable of manufacturing a denture with a viscous layer comprising a porous structure of the stress relieving layer, so that the denture requirement of the patient is more conformed during use of the denture, and at the same time, the tooth wound of the jaw is caused during long-term use due to excessive denture. Trauma and temporomandibular joint disorders, etc., optimize long-term use.
  • the functional wear layer generating device 702 can be a three-dimensional printer, and the three-dimensional printer can continuously print the substrate supporting layer, the stress relieving layer and the functional wear layer by using materials such as metal, composite polyetheretherketone or elastic ceramic material.
  • the aspect improves the stability of the connection between the layers, and on the other hand, improves the manufacturing efficiency and reduces the manufacturing cost.
  • the denture making device also includes a heat treatment device 803 and an injection device 804.
  • the heat treatment apparatus 803 can perform a heat treatment operation after the three-dimensional printer 801 prints the stress relaxation layer, and fixes the shape of the base support layer and the stress relaxation layer and the connection is more stable.
  • the injection device 804 can inject or fill one or more of a high flow resin, a low melting point low hardness alloy, and a glass ceramic material into the porous structure of the stress relaxation layer.
  • Such a device can inject a filler into the porous structure of the stress relaxation layer after the heat treatment operation, thereby preventing the filler from being damaged during the heat treatment, and at the same time ensuring that the support portion can be maintained under a support under the support of the filler after being broken. , position, the frame after the force is broken, the inorganic wear-resistant seasoning of the filler such as resin, The individualized adjustment of the wear resistance is achieved by the quantitative setting of the size and distribution density of the fractured micro-units, and excessive deformation is avoided.
  • the denture preparation device further includes a surface tension processing device 905 capable of treating the porous structural support of the stress buffer layer with a surface tension treatment agent to improve surface wettability of the stress relaxation layer.
  • Such a denture making device can facilitate the injection device to inject the filler into the stress relieving layer to ensure tight filling, thereby ensuring that the supporting portion can maintain a certain shape and position under the support of the filler after being broken, thereby avoiding excessive occurrence of the denture occlusal surface. deformation.
  • the functional wear layer generating device may be a three-dimensional printer, and after completing the injecting operation, the three-dimensional coordinates of the denture may be aligned with the three-dimensional coordinates of the previous stress relief layer, and then the functional wear layer may be printed thereon.
  • the functional wear layer generating apparatus may include a material covering device and a numerically controlled cutting device, wherein the material covering device is capable of covering the material of the functional wear layer above the stress relieving layer; the numerical control cutting device is capable of functioning according to the denture three-dimensional data The material of the wear layer is cut to create a functional wear layer, thereby reducing the requirements on the materials that the 3D printer can print.
  • CNC cutting equipment can be CNC machine tools.
  • occlusion is also referred to as the static contact relationship between the upper and lower dentitions; occlusion refers to the dynamic contact relationship between the upper and lower dentitions.

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  • Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
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  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Dental Prosthetics (AREA)
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  • Dental Preparations (AREA)

Abstract

本发明提供一种义齿、义齿制作方法和装置，义齿包括：位于表层的功能磨耗层（1）；和位于功能磨耗层（1）下方、多孔结构的应力缓和层（2）。这种义齿能够在使用过程中自适应调节，避免造成对颌牙齿创伤、牙齿咬合创伤以及颞下颌关节紊乱。

Description

义齿、义齿制作方法和装置 技术领域
本发明涉及口腔医学领域，特别是一种义齿、义齿制作方法和装置。
背景技术
人们在咀嚼时，上下颌牙齿会组成一对特殊的磨损副，即牙齿磨损副。在中枢神经的支配下，以咀嚼肌肉为动力，
Figure PCTCN2017072645-appb-000001
为程序，周而复始地进行咀嚼循环(平均900-1000次/餐)，完成复杂的咀嚼功能。上下颌牙齿的接触方式主要为摩擦与碰撞，对应的磨损类型为磨粒磨损与疲劳磨损，两种磨损方式交替发生，互相耦合与增强。利用三维成像技术测量口腔内牙釉质的磨损量发现，牙釉质平均以20-48μm/年的速度磨损。从建
Figure PCTCN2017072645-appb-000002
(约12岁)开始，上下颌牙齿不间断地同步磨损，咬合面逐渐形成静、动态均匀广泛的三维曲面接触，最终获得个性适宜的咬合平衡(咀嚼效能达到个性最佳，并有利于保护口颌系统)，该过程称为“生理磨耗”。
人类天然牙齿缺失后，需要用义齿进行修复。常用义齿分为固定、活动两大类，固定义齿(含种植固定义齿)疗效肯定，更受医患双方青睐，占各类义齿总量的50％-80％，保守估算我国年需求量超过2000万件。对于自身及对颌牙齿，义齿的硬度决定了疲劳磨损性能，义齿的耐磨度决定了磨粒磨损性能，硬度、耐磨度定制与调控是实现义齿“生理磨耗”性能的关键。理想的义齿应当有与天然牙齿釉质相似的磨耗特点，能与对颌天然牙齿釉质同时、等量磨耗。迄今为止，失蜡铸造、减材切削、实体增材制造等已知的固定义齿成形技术，均无法实现义齿硬度、耐磨度的定量调控与个性化定制，即固定义齿“磨耗性能”的个性仿生尚未实现。
固定义齿原材料主要为金属、树脂和陶瓷。金属材料中，金合金、钛合金硬度适中，既抗磨耗又对天然牙齿造成的磨耗相对较小，但金属材料的“金色、银色”常人难于接受。包括烤瓷技术在内的多层义齿制作技术明显改善了纯金属材料美学效果的缺陷，但硅酸盐、长石质、二硅酸锂等外层瓷表层在长期反复咀嚼中易折裂，或在与金属或氧化锆的结合界面处剥脱，导致修复失败(种植固定义齿凸显)；树脂材料中，无机填料质量分数介于80％-87.5％的复合树脂，其硬度、耐磨度与天然牙齿釉质接近，但复合树脂抗折强度明显不足，即便应用金属基底支撑，也常发生树脂层剥脱和断裂； 与金属和树脂材料相比，陶瓷材料普遍具有色彩更逼真、致密度更高(不易粘附菌斑)及生物相容性更好等优点，其独特的半透明色彩效果，使其在美学角度无可比拟。早期的牙科陶瓷脆性大、强度不足，利用“马氏体相变”效应增韧的二氧化锆强度大幅提高，解决了传统硅酸盐、长石质陶瓷义齿强度低、易折裂的问题。近年来，相变增韧二氧化锆全陶瓷义齿(全锆牙)正在大范围替代传统陶瓷、金属义齿(包括金属烤瓷/烤塑义齿)。
然而，中长期临床观察发现，由于致密、均质结构的氧化锆硬度、耐磨度过高，对颌天然牙齿的非生理性过度磨耗问题非常严重。过度磨耗会造成对颌牙齿创伤、
Figure PCTCN2017072645-appb-000003
创伤以及颞下颌关节紊乱等严重病症，影响长期使用效果。
发明内容
本发明的一个目的在于提出一种能够在使用过程中自适应调节的义齿。
根据本发明的一个方面，提出一种义齿，义齿的咬合面包括：位于表层的功能磨耗层；和位于功能磨耗层下方、多孔结构的应力缓和层。
可选地，应力缓和层为多孔结构的陶瓷、金属或高强度高分子材质。
可选地，功能磨耗层为复合树脂、复合聚醚醚酮、玻璃陶瓷、金合金、钛合金或软质钴铬合金材质。
可选地，应力缓和层的厚度、硬度和/或耐磨度与自然牙牙本质的厚度、硬度和/或耐磨度相当。
可选地，功能磨耗层的厚度、硬度和/或耐磨度患者与自然牙牙釉质层的厚度、硬度和/或耐磨度相当。
可选地，应力缓和层的多孔结构中填充有流动性树脂、低熔点低硬度的合金和/或玻璃陶瓷材料。
可选地，应力缓和层为孔间三维贯通的骨小梁样、树枝样和/或有应力中断功能的三维梯度结构。
可选地，还包括：位于义齿底层，采用氧化锆、金合金、钛合金、钴铬合金或复合聚醚醚酮材质的基底支架层。
可选地，应力缓和层与基底支架层相接的部分沿朝向基底支架层的方向密度渐增加，基底支架层为实心致密结构。
可选地，义齿的非咬合区为致密陶瓷、高强度分子材料或金属材质。
可选地，义齿还包括：位于义齿侧面下方的牙龈层，牙龈层的颜色与患者牙龈颜色相当。
可选地，义齿包括多种颜色，义齿的颜色与患者自然牙的颜色相当。
可选地，义齿为金属、复合聚醚醚酮或弹性陶瓷材质一体成形结构。
这样的义齿的咬合面功能磨耗层的下方包括多孔结构的应力缓和层，能够随着患者的咀嚼过程折断、压缩，功能磨耗层变形，从而随着患者的使用，义齿的形态更加符合患者的咀嚼需求，同时避免由于义齿过硬导致在长期使用过程中造成对颌牙齿创伤、
Figure PCTCN2017072645-appb-000004
创伤以及颞下颌关节紊乱等，优化长期使用效果。
根据本发明的另一个方面，提出一种义齿制作方法，包括：根据义齿三维数据采用三维打印装置打印位于义齿底部的基底支撑层；根据义齿三维数据在基底支撑层上方打印多孔结构的应力缓和层；在应力缓和层上方生成位于义齿咬合面表面的功能磨耗层。
可选地，还包括：在完成打印应力缓和层后，进行热处理操作；将树脂、低熔点低硬度的合金和/或玻璃陶瓷注入多孔结构的应力缓和层中；在应力缓和层上方生成位于义齿咬合面表面的功能磨耗层包括：在包括树脂、低熔点低硬度的合金和/或玻璃陶瓷的应力缓和层的上方生成功能磨耗层。
可选地，还包括：在完成热处理操作后，采用表面张力处理剂处理应力缓和层以提高应力缓和层的表面润湿性；将树脂、低熔点低硬度的合金和/或玻璃陶瓷注入多孔结构的应力缓和层中包括：将树脂、低熔点低硬度的合金和/或玻璃陶瓷注入经过表面张力处理剂处理后的应力缓和层中。
可选地，在应力缓和层上方生成位于义齿咬合面表面的功能磨耗层包括：在应力缓和层上方，根据义齿三维数据打印功能磨耗层。
可选地，在应力缓和层上方生成位于义齿咬合面表面的功能磨耗层包括：在应力缓和层上方覆盖功能磨耗层的材料；根据义齿三维数据对功能磨耗层的材料进行切割，生成功能磨耗层。
可选地，基底支架层为氧化锆、金合金、钛合金、钴铬合金或复合聚醚醚酮材质。
可选地，应力缓和层为多孔结构的陶瓷、金属或高强度高分子材质
可选地，功能磨耗层为复合树脂、复合聚醚醚酮、玻璃陶瓷、金合金、钛合金或 软质钴铬合金材质。
通过这样的方法，能够制造包括多孔结构的应力缓和层的义齿，使得在义齿使用过程中更加符合患者的咀嚼需求，同时避免由于义齿过硬导致在长期使用过程中造成对颌牙齿创伤、
Figure PCTCN2017072645-appb-000005
创伤以及颞下颌关节紊乱等，优化长期使用效果。
根据本发明的又一个方面，提出一种义齿制作系统，包括：三维打印机，用于根据义齿三维数据打印位于义齿底部的基底支撑层；和，根据义齿三维数据在基底支撑层上方打印多孔结构的应力缓和层；功能磨耗层生成设备，用于在应力缓和层上方生成位于义齿咬合面表面的功能磨耗层。
可选地，还包括：热处理设备，用于在三维打印机完成打印应力缓和层后，进行热处理操作；注入设备，用于将树脂、低熔点低硬度的合金和/或玻璃陶瓷注入多孔结构的应力缓和层中；功能磨耗层生成设备用于在包括树脂、低熔点低硬度的合金和/或玻璃陶瓷的应力缓和层的上方生成功能磨耗层。
可选地，还包括：表面张力处理设备，用于在热处理设备完成热处理操作后，采用表面张力处理剂处理应力缓和层以提高应力缓和层的表面润湿性；注入设备用于在表面张力处理设备完成表面张力处理后，将树脂、低熔点低硬度的合金和/或玻璃陶瓷注入经过表面张力处理剂处理后的应力缓和层中。
可选地，功能磨耗层生成设备为三维打印机，用于在应力缓和层上方，根据义齿三维数据打印功能磨耗层。
可选地，功能磨耗设备包括：材料覆盖装置，用于在应力缓和层上方覆盖功能磨耗层的材料；数控切削设备，用于根据义齿三维数据对功能磨耗层的材料进行切割，生成功能磨耗层。
这样的义齿制作系统能够制造包括多孔结构的应力缓和层的义齿，使得在义齿使用过程中更加符合患者的咀嚼需求，同时避免由于义齿过硬导致在长期使用过程中造成对颌牙齿创伤、创伤以及颞下颌关节紊乱等，优化长期使用效果。
附图说明
此处所说明的附图用来提供对本发明的进一步理解，构成本申请的一部分，本发明的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本发明，并不构成对本发明的不当限定。在附图中：
图1为本发明的义齿的一个实施例剖面图。
图2为现有技术中义齿剖面图。
图3为本发明的义齿的应力缓和层多孔结构的一个实施例的示意图。
图4为本发明的义齿的另一个实施例的剖面图。
图5为本发明的义齿制作方法的一个实施例的流程图。
图6为本发明的义齿制作方法的另一个实施例的流程图。
图7为本发明的义齿制作装置的一个实施例的示意图。
图8为本发明的义齿制作装置的另一个实施例的示意图。
图9为本发明的义齿制作装置的又一个实施例的示意图。
具体实施方式
下面通过附图和实施例，对本发明的技术方案做进一步的详细描述。
本发明的义齿的一个实施例剖面图如图1所示。其中，功能磨耗层1位于义齿咬合面的表层，为致密结构；应力缓和层2位于功能磨耗层下方，如斜线所标识的区域，为多孔结构。在患者咀嚼过程中，功能磨耗层1受力超过预定阈值的部分会发生形变，应力缓和层中多孔结构的支撑部分会发生折断现象，应力缓和层2的空间压缩。
现代义齿设计制造技术可追溯到上世纪初，Dr.William将手工雕蜡后失蜡铸造技术引入金属义齿的制作并沿用至今。上世纪70年代，Dr.Duret将数控减材制造技术引入义齿加工，引发了全球义齿加工领域的第一次数字革命——“CAD(Computer Aided Design，计算机辅助设计)/CAM(Computer Aided Manufacturing，计算机辅助制造)仿形义齿”，标志着口腔医学进入了数字化时代。CAD/CAM初烧结软质氧化锆固定义齿(终烧结成形)，是高效数字设计制造技术与高性能陶瓷材料最为典型和成功的组合应用。满足了固定义齿外形仿生、色彩仿生和抗折裂强度的需求，短期修复效果已臻优良。
现有技术中义齿剖面图如图2所示。其中，义齿的上部结构5为实心结构，基台6嵌入上部结构5中，下部可以与种植体连接。由于上部结构5的硬度大，且为实心结构，缺少发生形变的空间，因此当患者大力咬合时，容易损伤对颌牙齿。
而本发明实施例中的义齿的咬合面功能磨耗层的下方包括多孔结构的应力缓和层，能够实现义齿表面硬度自适应调节，随着患者的咀嚼过程折断、压缩，功能磨耗 层变形，从而随着患者的使用，义齿的形态更加符合患者的咀嚼需求，同时避免由于义齿过硬导致在长期使用过程中造成对颌牙齿创伤、
Figure PCTCN2017072645-appb-000007
创伤以及颞下颌关节紊乱等，优化长期使用效果。
本发明的义齿的应力缓和层多孔结构的一个实施例的示意图如图3所示。在一个实施例中，应力缓和层的多孔结构可以为骨小梁样，也可以为树枝样，也可为其他可实现应力中断的结构，或者多种结构混合使用。这样的结构具有一定的受力能力，能够保证正常咀嚼过程中不变形；同时，与实心结构相比更容易折断，能够在患者大力咬合过程中折断，义齿咬合面发生形变，一方面可以实现自适应调节，使义齿更符合用户需求，另一方面也能够防止损伤对颌牙齿，提高用户体验。
在一个实施例中，应力缓和层的厚度、硬度以及耐磨度分别与自然牙牙本质的厚度、硬度和耐磨度相当；功能磨耗层的厚度、硬度以及耐磨度患者分别与自然牙牙釉质层的厚度、硬度和耐磨度相当。在一个实施例中，功能磨耗层可以采用与自然牙牙釉质层硬度和耐磨度相当的复合树脂、复合聚醚醚酮、玻璃陶瓷、金合金、钛合金或软质钴铬合金材料制成；应力缓和层的多孔结构可以采用与自然牙牙本质硬度和耐磨度相当的陶瓷、高强度高分子(如复合聚醚醚酮)或金属材料制成。
这样的义齿保证与对颌的自然牙同步磨损，提高义齿仿生的真实度，能够在患者使用过程中自适应调节，提高义齿的使用寿命和患者的用户体验。
在一个实施例中，应力缓和层的多孔结构中可以注有填充物，填充物可以为高流动性树脂、低熔点低硬度的合金、玻璃陶瓷材料(如镧玻璃)中的一种或多种，当患者咀嚼时，大小不同的咬合力会驱动不同深度的多孔结构的支架发生折裂，直到可产生对等的反作用咬合力。受力折断后的支架成为树脂等填充物的无机耐磨调料，通过支架折裂微单元尺寸及分布密度的定量设定实现耐磨度的个性化调节。
在一个实施例中，如图1所示，义齿还可以包括基底支架层3，采用氧化锆、金合金、钛合金、钴铬合金或复合聚醚醚酮材质制成。基底支架层3与应力缓和层2连接，两者可以为一体成形。
这样的义齿具有与应力缓和层相连接的支架，能够承载整个义齿，也便于与种植体连接，方便义齿种植；一体成形的结构更能够保证义齿的坚固，防止应力缓和层与基底支架层的错位。
在一个实施例中，应力缓和层2与基底支架层3相连接的部分密度呈梯度变化， 沿朝向基底支架层3的方向密度渐增加，基底支架层3为实心致密结构。这样的内部结构能够起到缓冲的作用，防止大力咬合过程中对患者牙根、种植体及周围牙槽骨造成损害，提高义齿使用寿命的同时，也能够保护口腔软硬组织健康。
在一个实施例中，功能磨耗层1具有多孔结构，或功能磨耗层1的部分区域具有多孔结构，又或者在功能磨耗层1的致密结构中穿插有部分多孔结构，从而提高功能磨耗层的抗折裂能力，提高义齿的使用寿命。其中，多孔结构的具体结构和填充物可以为上文中提到的任意一种。
在一个实施例中，如图1所示，义齿还包括非咬合区4，为致密陶瓷、高强度分子材料或金属材质，高强度致密结构的非咬合区能够抵御义齿长期服役过程承受的断裂能，保证义齿侧面不变形，提高义齿的使用寿命。在一个实施例中，非咬合区4与基底支架层3可以为一体化结构，采用相同的材料一体制作而成，从而降低产品制作的复杂度，且能够防止非咬合区与基底支架层的错位，进一步提高义齿的坚固程度。
由于人类的牙齿在生命过程中不停地向口外方向倾斜移动。当牙齿发生生理性移动时，义齿咬合接触区发生改变，新的咬合接触区内部多孔支架与树脂复合结构可重复多孔支架保护性折裂的过程，从而实现固定义齿硬度、耐磨度与个体对颌天然牙齿的动态自适应匹配，义齿表面可与对颌天然牙齿釉质发生同步生理性磨耗的目标。
本发明的义齿的另一个实施例的剖面图如图4所示。义齿可以采用金属、复合聚醚醚酮或弹性陶瓷材质制成，且一体成形。义齿咬合面表面为功能磨耗层，中间层为多孔结构的应力缓和层，下层为基底支架层。这样的义齿能够一体成形制造，提高了制造效率，且降低了制造成本。
在一个实施例中，为了提高义齿的美观度，可以参照人体自然牙的形态配置义齿的颜色。由于自然牙的不同位置颜色不同，可以采用分层的方式为义齿的不同位置调配不同的颜色，尽可能接近自然牙的颜色。在一个实施例中，由于有些患者会出现部分牙龈缺失的现象，义齿还可以包括牙龈层，能够填补患者缺失的牙龈部分，其颜色与患者自身的牙龈颜色相当。
这样的义齿的颜色丰富且渐变，与自然牙颜色相同，能够使他人不易区分自然牙与义齿，提高了美观度，提高了用户体验；而牙龈层能够填补患者缺失的牙龈部分，进一步提高了美观度，提高用户体验，也更加便于推广应用。
本发明的义齿制作方法的一个实施例的流程图如图5所示。
在步骤501中，根据义齿三维数据采用三维打印装置打印位于义齿底部的基底支撑层。在一个实施例中，基底支撑层可以为氧化锆、金合金、钛合金、钴铬合金或复合聚醚醚酮材质。
在步骤502中，根据义齿三维数据在基底支撑层上方打印多孔结构的应力缓和层。在一个实施例中，应力缓和层可以为多孔结构的陶瓷、金属或高强度高分子(如复合聚醚醚酮)材质。
在步骤503中，在应力缓和层上方生成位于义齿咬合面表面的功能磨耗层。在一个实施例中，功能磨耗层可以为复合树脂、复合聚醚醚酮、玻璃陶瓷、金合金或钛合金材质或软质钴铬合金材质。
通过这样的方法，能够制造咬合面功能磨耗层的下方包括多孔结构的应力缓和层的义齿，使得在义齿使用过程中更加符合患者的咀嚼需求，同时避免由于义齿过硬导致在长期使用过程中造成对颌牙齿创伤、
Figure PCTCN2017072645-appb-000008
创伤以及颞下颌关节紊乱等，优化长期使用效果。
在一个实施例中，可以采用金属、复合聚醚醚酮或弹性陶瓷材质进行一体成形的打印，根据义齿三维数据打印义齿整体，提高了制造效率，且降低了制造成本。
本发明的义齿制作方法的另一个实施例的流程图如图6所示。
在步骤601中，根据义齿三维数据采用三维打印装置打印位于义齿底部的基底支撑层。
在步骤602中，根据义齿三维数据在基底支撑层上方打印多孔结构的应力缓和层。
在步骤603中，进行热处理操作，使基底支撑层和应力缓和层的形态固定且连接更加稳固。
在步骤604中，将高流动性树脂、低熔点低硬度的合金、玻璃陶瓷材料中的一种或多种注入或填充进应力缓和层的多孔结构中。在一个实施例中，可以在上方将注入的物质压实，保证紧实填充。在一个实施例中，为了填充物能够尽可能的注入多孔结构中，可以采用表面张力处理剂对应力缓冲层的多孔结构支架进行处理，以提高应力缓和层的表面润湿性。
在步骤605中，在应力缓和层上方生成位于义齿咬合面表面的功能磨耗层。在一个实施例中，可以采用三维打印的方式，将义齿的三维坐标对准之前打印应力缓和层时的三维坐标，进而在上方打印功能磨耗层。在另一个实施例中，也可以在应力缓和 层上方覆盖功能磨耗层的材料，再根据义齿三维数据，采用数控机床或手工切削的方式对功能磨耗层的材料进行切割，生成功能磨耗层，从而降低对三维打印机能够打印的材质的要求。
通过这样的方法，能够在热处理操作后再向应力缓和层的多孔结构中注入填充物，防止填充物在热处理过程中受到损伤，同时能够保证支撑部分折断后在填充物的支撑下还能够保持一定的形状、位置，避免发生过度形变。
本发明的义齿制作装置的一个实施例的示意图如图7所示。其中，三维打印机701能够根据义齿三维数据打印位于义齿底部的基底支撑层；根据义齿三维数据在基底支撑层上方打印多孔结构的应力缓和层。在一个实施例中，基底支撑层可以为氧化锆、金合金、钛合金、钴铬合金或复合聚醚醚酮材质；在一个实施例中，应力缓和层可以为多孔结构的陶瓷或金属材质。功能磨耗层生成设备702能够在应力缓和层上方生成位于义齿咬合面表面的功能磨耗层。在一个实施例中，功能磨耗层可以为复合树脂、复合聚醚醚酮、金合金或钛合金材质或软质钴铬合金材质。
这样的系统能够制造咬合面包括多孔结构的应力缓和层的义齿，使得在义齿使用过程中更加符合患者的咀嚼需求，同时避免由于义齿过硬导致在长期使用过程中造成对颌牙齿创伤、
Figure PCTCN2017072645-appb-000009
创伤以及颞下颌关节紊乱等，优化长期使用效果。
在一个实施例中，功能磨耗层生成设备702可以为三维打印机，该三维打印机可以采用金属、复合聚醚醚酮或弹性陶瓷材质等材质连续打印基底支撑层、应力缓和层和功能磨耗层，一方面提高了各层之间连接的稳定性，另一方面也提高了制造效率，且降低了制造成本。
本发明的义齿制作装置的另一个实施例的示意图如图8所示。其中，三维打印机801、和功能磨耗层生成设备802的结构和功能与图7的实施例中相似。义齿制作装置还包括热处理设备803和注入设备804。热处理设备803能够在三维打印机801打印完成应力缓和层后，采用热处理操作，使基底支撑层和应力缓和层的形态固定且连接更加稳固。注入设备804能够将高流动性树脂、低熔点低硬度的合金、玻璃陶瓷材料中的一种或多种注入或填充进应力缓和层的多孔结构中。
这样的装置能够在热处理操作后再向应力缓和层的多孔结构中注入填充物，防止填充物在热处理过程中受到损伤，同时能够保证支撑部分折断后在填充物的支撑下还能够保持一定的形状、位置，受力折断后的支架成为树脂等填充物的无机耐磨调料， 通过支架折裂微单元尺寸及分布密度的定量设定实现耐磨度的个性化调节，且避免发生过度形变。
本发明的义齿制作装置的又一个实施例的示意图如图9所示。其中，三维打印机901、功能磨耗层生成设备902、热处理设备903和注入设备904的结构和功能与图8的实施例中相似。义齿制作装置还包括表面张力处理设备905，能够采用表面张力处理剂对应力缓冲层的多孔结构支架进行处理，以提高应力缓和层的表面润湿性。
这样的义齿制作装置能够方便注入设备将填充物注入应力缓和层中，保证紧实填充，从而保证支撑部分折断后在填充物的支撑下还能够保持一定的形状、位置，避免义齿咬合面发生过度形变。
在一个实施例中，功能磨耗层生成设备可以为三维打印机，可以在完成注入操作后，将义齿的三维坐标对准之前打印应力缓和层时的三维坐标，进而在上方打印功能磨耗层。
在另一个实施例中，功能磨耗层生成设备可以包括材料覆盖装置和数控切削设备，其中，材料覆盖装置能够在应力缓和层上方覆盖功能磨耗层的材料；数控切削设备能够根据义齿三维数据对功能磨耗层的材料进行切割，生成功能磨耗层，从而降低对三维打印机能够打印的材质的要求。数控切削设备可以为数控机床等。
Figure PCTCN2017072645-appb-000010
(occlusion)也称作是指上下牙列间的静态接触关系；咬合，是指上下牙列间动态接触关系。
最后应当说明的是：以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非对其限制；尽管参照较佳实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，所属领域的普通技术人员应当理解：依然可以对本发明的具体实施方式进行修改或者对部分技术特征进行等同替换；而不脱离本发明技术方案的精神，其均应涵盖在本发明请求保护的技术方案范围当中。

Claims (20)

  1. 一种义齿，其特征在于，所述义齿的咬合面包括：
    位于表层的功能磨耗层；
    和位于所述功能磨耗层下方、多孔结构的应力缓和层。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的义齿，其特征在于，
    所述应力缓和层为多孔结构的陶瓷、金属或高强度高分子材质；
    和/或，
    所述功能磨耗层为复合树脂、复合聚醚醚酮、玻璃陶瓷、金合金、钛合金或软质钴铬合金材质。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的义齿，其特征在于，
    所述应力缓和层的厚度、硬度和/或耐磨度与自然牙牙本质的厚度、硬度和/或耐磨度相当；
    和/或，
    所述功能磨耗层的厚度、硬度和/或耐磨度患者与自然牙牙釉质层的厚度、硬度和/或耐磨度相当。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的义齿，其特征在于，所述应力缓和层的多孔结构中填充有流动性树脂、低熔点低硬度的合金和/或玻璃陶瓷材料。
  5. 根据权利要求1或4所述的义齿，其特征在于，所述应力缓和层为孔间三维贯通的骨小梁样、树枝样和/或有应力中断功能的三维梯度结构。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的义齿，其特征在于，
    还包括：位于义齿底层，采用氧化锆、金合金、钛合金、钴铬合金或复合聚醚醚酮材质的基底支架层。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的义齿，其特征在于，
    所述应力缓和层与所述基底支架层相接的部分沿朝向所述基底支架层的方向密度渐增加，所述基底支架层为实心致密结构。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的义齿，其特征在于，所述义齿的非咬合区为致密陶瓷、高强度分子材料或金属材质。
  9. 根据权利要求1或6所述的义齿，其特征在于，所述义齿还包括：位于义齿侧面下方的牙龈层，所述牙龈层的颜色与患者牙龈颜色相当。
  10. 根据权利要求1～4、6～8任意一项所述的义齿，其特征在于，所述义齿包括多种颜色，所述义齿的颜色与患者自然牙的颜色相当。
  11. 根据权利要求6所述的义齿，其特征在于，所述义齿为金属、复合聚醚醚酮或弹性陶瓷材质一体成形结构。
  12. 一种义齿制作方法，其特征在于，包括：
    根据义齿三维数据采用三维打印装置打印位于义齿底部的基底支撑层；
    根据义齿三维数据在所述基底支撑层上方打印多孔结构的应力缓和层；
    在所述应力缓和层上方生成位于义齿咬合面表面的功能磨耗层。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括：
    在完成打印所述应力缓和层后，进行热处理操作；
    将树脂、低熔点低硬度的合金和/或玻璃陶瓷注入多孔结构的所述应力缓和层中；
    所述在所述应力缓和层上方生成位于义齿咬合面表面的功能磨耗层包括：
    在包括所述树脂、低熔点低硬度的合金和/或玻璃陶瓷的所述应力缓和层的上方生成所述功能磨耗层。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括：
    在完成所述热处理操作后，采用表面张力处理剂处理所述应力缓和层以提高所述 应力缓和层的表面润湿性；
    所述将树脂、低熔点低硬度的合金和/或玻璃陶瓷注入多孔结构的所述应力缓和层中包括：
    将树脂、低熔点低硬度的合金和/或玻璃陶瓷注入经过所述表面张力处理剂处理后的所述应力缓和层中。
  15. 根据权利要求12、13或14所述的方法，其特征在于，所述在所述应力缓和层上方生成位于义齿咬合面表面的功能磨耗层包括：
    在所述应力缓和层上方，根据义齿三维数据打印所述功能磨耗层；
    或，
    在所述应力缓和层上方覆盖所述功能磨耗层的材料；
    根据所述义齿三维数据对所述功能磨耗层的材料进行切割，生成所述功能磨耗层。
  16. 根据权利要求12所述的方法，其特征在于，
    所述基底支架层为氧化锆、金合金、钛合金、钴铬合金或复合聚醚醚酮材质；
    所述应力缓和层为多孔结构的陶瓷、金属或高强度高分子材质；和/或，
    所述功能磨耗层为复合树脂、复合聚醚醚酮、玻璃陶瓷、金合金、钛合金或软质钴铬合金材质。
  17. 一种义齿制作系统，其特征在于，包括：
    三维打印机，用于根据义齿三维数据打印位于义齿底部的基底支撑层；和，根据义齿三维数据在所述基底支撑层上方打印多孔结构的应力缓和层；
    功能磨耗层生成设备，用于在所述应力缓和层上方生成位于义齿咬合面表面的功能磨耗层。
  18. 根据权利要求17所述的系统，其特征在于，还包括：
    热处理设备，用于在所述三维打印机完成打印所述应力缓和层后，进行热处理操作；
    注入设备，用于将树脂、低熔点低硬度的合金和/或玻璃陶瓷注入多孔结构的所述应力缓和层中；
    所述功能磨耗层生成设备用于在包括所述树脂、低熔点低硬度的合金和/或玻璃陶瓷的所述应力缓和层的上方生成所述功能磨耗层。
  19. 根据权利要求18所述的系统，其特征在于，还包括：
    表面张力处理设备，用于在所述热处理设备完成所述热处理操作后，采用表面张力处理剂处理所述应力缓和层以提高所述应力缓和层的表面润湿性；
    所述注入设备用于在所述表面张力处理设备完成所述表面张力处理后，将树脂、低熔点低硬度的合金和/或玻璃陶瓷注入经过所述表面张力处理剂处理后的所述应力缓和层中。
  20. 根据权利要求17、18或19所述的系统，其特征在于，所述功能磨耗层生成设备为三维打印机，用于在所述应力缓和层上方，根据义齿三维数据打印所述功能磨耗层；
    或，
    所述功能磨耗设备包括：
    材料覆盖装置，用于在所述应力缓和层上方覆盖所述功能磨耗层的材料；
    数控切削设备，用于根据所述义齿三维数据对所述功能磨耗层的材料进行切割，生成所述功能磨耗层。
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