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WO2018133029A1 - Analyse de performance biomécanique et procédé et dispositif d'optimisation de conception d'oreiller pour enfant - Google Patents

Analyse de performance biomécanique et procédé et dispositif d'optimisation de conception d'oreiller pour enfant Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018133029A1
WO2018133029A1 PCT/CN2017/071917 CN2017071917W WO2018133029A1 WO 2018133029 A1 WO2018133029 A1 WO 2018133029A1 CN 2017071917 W CN2017071917 W CN 2017071917W WO 2018133029 A1 WO2018133029 A1 WO 2018133029A1
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Prior art keywords
model
pillow
neck
head
biomechanical
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English (en)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
林锦
周艳
杨辉
张明
黄伟志
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Infinitus China Co Ltd
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Infinitus China Co Ltd
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Priority to PCT/CN2017/071917 priority Critical patent/WO2018133029A1/fr
Priority to CN201780000081.7A priority patent/CN107077522A/zh
Publication of WO2018133029A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018133029A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F30/00—Computer-aided design [CAD]
    • G06F30/20—Design optimisation, verification or simulation
    • G06F30/23—Design optimisation, verification or simulation using finite element methods [FEM] or finite difference methods [FDM]
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F30/00—Computer-aided design [CAD]
    • G06F30/20—Design optimisation, verification or simulation
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T17/00—Three dimensional [3D] modelling, e.g. data description of 3D objects
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F2111/00—Details relating to CAD techniques
    • G06F2111/16—Customisation or personalisation

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of product biomechanical analysis and design optimization, in particular to a method and a device for analyzing and designing a biomechanical performance of adolescent pillows.
  • the role of the pillow is to support the cervical vertebrae during sleep, so that the cervical vertebra is in or near a natural physiological state.
  • consumers choose comfortable pillows in a number of differently designed pillows, most people make choices based on physical "size.”
  • the study found that it is often difficult for consumers to choose the right pillow.
  • Some merchants and scholars recommend selecting pillows based on the user's physical measurement parameters, such as height and neck length, and finally find that these parameters are not necessarily related to whether the pillows are suitable or not. People may often choose pillows based on instant comfort, which may be misleading, resulting in an inappropriate size of the pillow, which increases neck pain.
  • the existing research conclusions show that it is not scientific to use personal subjective feeling scores and feedback methods to select pillows, and its accuracy is very controversial in academia.
  • the design of the pillow affects the biomechanics of the head and neck of the human body. From a biomechanical point of view, the role of the pillow is to fill the gap between the sleep interface and the Cervical Spine Lordosis when lying on the back and side.
  • the ideal pillow can maintain the spine in a physiological biomechanical environment by providing adequate and correct mechanical support without excessive stress when the cervical vertebra is at or near natural physiological conditions.
  • By scientifically increasing the contact area between the neck and the pillow the pressure exerted on the muscles, soft tissues, and blood vessels can be uniformly dispersed.
  • the biomechanical study of the interaction between the human body and the support, as well as the pressure of the support on the body and the pressure and pressure distribution inside the body, can provide basic guidelines for the design and evaluation of pillows.
  • the main research methods of head and neck biomechanics include mechanical model experiments, animal model experiments, volunteer experiments and cadaver model experiments.
  • Mechanical model experiments have good repeatability and are also convenient for measurement of experimental data, but the mechanical fidelity of mechanical models is limited and it is difficult to replace biological experiments; animals Model experiments can observe tissue damage and pathophysiological changes caused by bearing load, but there are large differences in animal and human anatomical structure and tissue material properties, and there is also a big difference in development speed; volunteers The experiment is the experimental method to obtain the most realistic human biomechanical response data, but the volunteers have certain risk of injury during the experiment, which makes the volunteer experiment widely criticized and restricted; the corpse has the same anatomical structure as the living body, and the damage is carried out.
  • Biomechanical research is a good substitute, but due to social, ethical and legal restrictions, the acquisition of cadaver specimens has been greatly restricted, especially for children's cadaveric experiments. Therefore, the existing methods of biomechanical research on head and neck cannot accurately analyze the biomechanical properties of pillows for children and adolescents. The lack of objective and quantitative biomechanical analysis methods and evidence-based design for existing children and adolescent pillows is needed by the field. Solved technical problems.
  • the embodiment of the invention provides a biomechanical performance analysis and design optimization method and device for adolescent pillows, which are used for solving the technical problems of the objective and quantitative biomechanical analysis methods and evidence-based design of the existing children and adolescent pillows.
  • the invention provides a biomechanical performance analysis and design optimization method for adolescent pillows, which includes:
  • S1 loading a pillow model and a 3D model of a teenager's head and neck, dynamically simulating the supine state of the adolescent head and neck 3D model and calculating corresponding biomechanical parameters;
  • the method further includes:
  • S4 Generate a pillow model according to the adjusted parameters of the pillow model, and perform S1 to S3 cyclically until it is detected that the pillow biomechanical performance evaluation index reaches a preset optimization standard value.
  • the method further includes:
  • the method further includes:
  • S02 Generate a pillow model by software for 3D modeling or reverse engineering modeling according to a design drawing or a physical object.
  • the step S01 specifically includes:
  • the skull model, the spine model, the intervertebral disc model, the brain model, and the wrapped soft tissue model are scaled according to preset human body size parameters and the adolescent head and neck 3D model is synthesized.
  • the loading pillow model and the teen head and neck 3D model in the step S1 specifically include:
  • a juvenile head and neck 3D model is loaded and the juvenile head and neck 3D model is suspended on the pillow model.
  • the dynamic simulation of the supine state of the juvenile head and neck 3D model in the step S1 and calculating the corresponding biomechanical parameters specifically includes:
  • the simulated gravity parameter of the juvenile head and neck 3D model is set and dynamically simulated, so that the suspended juvenile head and neck 3D model is free to fall and contact the pillow model and the bed plate model, and obtain the maximum surface pressure and the pillow contact area of the head and neck.
  • the pillow biomechanical performance evaluation index specifically includes a tactile comfort index, a spinal alignment index, and an internal spinal load index; and the step S2 specifically includes:
  • the maximum stress of the cervical vertebrae and intervertebral discs of the layers is used as an indicator of the internal load of the spine.
  • the step S3 specifically includes:
  • the step S3 specifically includes:
  • the step S4 specifically includes:
  • the new pillow model is loaded and steps S1 to S3 are performed until it is detected that the tactile comfort index, the spine line index, and the spine internal load index reach a preset standard value.
  • the method further includes:
  • the corresponding pillow is produced according to the parameters of the adjusted pillow model.
  • the apparatus for analyzing and designing the biomechanical properties of the juvenile pillow provided by the embodiment of the invention is analyzed according to the above-mentioned biomechanical performance analysis and design optimization method of the juvenile pillow, including:
  • a simulation calculation module for loading a pillow model and a 3D model of a teenager's head and neck, dynamically simulating the supine state of the adolescent head and neck 3D model and calculating corresponding biomechanical parameters
  • a parameter analysis module configured to compare the biomechanical parameter with a preset biomechanical standard value and obtain a pillow biomechanical performance evaluation index
  • a design adjustment module is configured to adjust parameters of the pillow model based on the pillow biomechanical performance evaluation index.
  • the embodiment of the present invention further includes:
  • An iterative design program module configured to generate a pillow model according to the adjusted parameters of the pillow model, and cyclically execute a simulation calculation module, a parameter analysis module, and a design adjustment module until the pillow biomechanical performance evaluation index reaches a preset Optimized standard value.
  • the embodiment of the present invention further includes:
  • a model for adolescent head and neck model is used to establish a 3D model of adolescent head and neck based on adolescent head and neck clinical tomographic image data;
  • the embodiment of the present invention further includes:
  • the pillow model building module is used to generate a pillow model by software for 3D modeling or reverse engineering modeling according to a design drawing or a real object.
  • the juvenile head and neck model building module specifically includes:
  • An image acquisition unit configured to acquire a scanned image of a teenager's head and neck structure
  • a human body model geometric reconstruction unit configured to establish a three-dimensional skull model, a spine model, a disc model, a brain model, and a wrapped soft tissue model of a teenager's head and neck structure according to the scanned image;
  • a scaling synthesizing unit configured to scale the skull model, the spine model, the intervertebral disc model, the brain model, and the wrapped soft tissue model according to a preset human body size parameter and synthesize a juvenile head and neck 3D model.
  • the pillow model establishing module specifically includes:
  • the reverse engineering modeling method is scanned by a 3D scanner, and the point cloud data of the scanning result is reconstructed and parameterized by the calculator-aided design software.
  • the simulation calculation module specifically includes:
  • a pillow model loading unit for loading a pillow model and a bed board model and placing the pillow model on the bed board model
  • a head and neck model loading unit is configured to load a juvenile head and neck 3D model and suspend the juvenile head and neck 3D model on the pillow model.
  • the simulation calculation module further includes:
  • a dynamic simulation unit configured to set a simulated gravity parameter of the juvenile head and neck 3D model and perform dynamic simulation, so that the suspended juvenile head and neck 3D model freely falls and contacts the pillow model and the bed plate model, and obtains a maximum head and neck Surface pressure and pillow contact area, cervical vertebra horizontal angle, upper cervical vertebra angle, lower cervical vertebra angle, maximum stress of each cervical vertebra and intervertebral disc.
  • the pillow biomechanical performance evaluation index specifically includes a tactile comfort index, a spinal alignment index, and an internal spinal load index; and the parameter analysis module specifically includes:
  • a tactile comfort index analysis unit for calculating a maximum surface pressure of the head and neck and a flat neck
  • the difference between the average pressures is a first difference
  • the difference between the contact area of the pillow and the surface area of the cranial crest and the occiput is calculated as a second difference
  • the first difference and the second difference are used as tactile comfort Degree indicator
  • a spine-to-line index analysis unit configured to calculate a difference between the cervical vertebra horizontal angle, the upper cervical vertebra angle, the lower cervical vertebra angle and a parameter of a 3D model of adolescent head and neck before loading, and obtain a spine line index;
  • the spinal internal load index analysis unit is configured to use the maximum stress of the cervical vertebrae and the intervertebral disc as the internal load index of the spine.
  • the design adjustment module specifically includes:
  • a first pillow model adjusting unit configured to adjust a height and a stiffness of the pillow model according to a tactile comfort index and a spinal line index;
  • the first pillow model local adjustment unit is configured to adjust the height and rigidity of the partial neck and the skull base bearing area of the pillow model according to the internal load index of the spine and the index of the spine.
  • the design adjustment module specifically includes:
  • a second pillow model adjusting unit configured to adjust height and rigidity of the pillow model according to the tactile comfort index and the spinal line index
  • a second pillow model local adjustment unit configured to adjust a height and a stiffness of the partial neck and the skull base bearing area of the pillow model according to the internal load index of the spine and the index of the spine;
  • the iterative design program module specifically includes:
  • a newly generated pillow model unit for generating a new pillow model according to the height and stiffness of the adjusted pillow model, the height of the partial neck and skull base bearing area, and the stiffness of the partial neck and skull base bearing area;
  • a circulation unit configured to load the new pillow model and execute a simulation calculation module, a parameter analysis module, and a design adjustment module until the tactile comfort index, the spine alignment index, and the internal load index of the spine are detected The default standard value.
  • the embodiment of the present invention further includes:
  • a pillow production module for producing a corresponding pillow based on the parameters of the adjusted pillow model.
  • the image acquisition unit is in the process of scanning the image picture, and the scanned teenager is lying on the special bed board for controlling the alignment with the standardized spine.
  • the surface of the special board has a unique shape
  • the special board bed is prepared as follows:
  • Subjects should be placed in a pool filled with high mineral water to allow the subject to lie on the surface of high buoyancy;
  • the invention provides a biomechanical performance analysis and design optimization method for adolescent pillows, comprising: loading a pillow model and a 3D model of adolescent head and neck, dynamically simulating the supine state of the adolescent head and neck 3D model and calculating corresponding biomechanical parameters And comparing the biomechanical parameter with a preset biomechanical standard value and obtaining a pillow biomechanical performance evaluation index; and adjusting a parameter of the pillow model according to the pillow biomechanical performance evaluation index.
  • the embodiment of the invention analyzes the biomechanical parameters through dynamic simulation and adjusts the parameters of the pillow simulation according to the biomechanical parameters and the biomechanical performance evaluation index, and realizes the biomechanical performance analysis and design optimization of the adolescent pillow, and solves the existing children and adolescents.
  • Pillows lack objective and quantitative biomechanical analysis methods and technical issues of evidence-based design.
  • the invention simultaneously adopts clinical individualized image data and large-scale data researched by national standards, thereby establishing an accurate and standardized model database; using the computational simulation method, the related biomechanical information can be studied objectively, quantitatively and deterministically, Support evidence-based design of juvenile pillows; computational simulation methods can calculate biomechanical information within the organism to avoid traumatic or morally controversial experimental processes; computational simulation methods can control all disturbances or environmental factors, and arbitrarily adjust design elements and The combination of parameters; optimized design by computational simulation method can effectively speed up the design cycle and time and reduce the cost of manufacturing test articles.
  • FIG. 1 is a flow chart of an embodiment of a biomechanical performance analysis and design optimization method for adolescent pillows according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a flow chart of another embodiment of a biomechanical performance analysis and design optimization method for adolescent pillow according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a flow chart of another embodiment of a bio-mechanical performance analysis and design optimization method for adolescent pillows according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a biomechanical performance analysis and design optimization device for adolescent pillows according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 5 is a flowchart of an application example of a biomechanical performance analysis and design optimization method for adolescent pillow according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 6 is a flow chart of another application example of a biomechanical performance analysis and design optimization method for adolescent pillow according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of an application example of a biomechanical performance analysis and design optimization device for adolescent pillows according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • 401 adolescent head and neck model building module; 402, pillow model building module; 403, simulation computing module; 404, parameter analysis module; 405, design adjustment module; 406, iterative design program module; 407, image acquisition unit; 408, human body model Geometric reconstruction unit; 409, scaling synthesis unit; 410, pillow model geometric reconstruction unit; 411, material attribute unit; 412, pillow model loading unit; 413, head and neck model loading unit; 414, dynamic simulation unit; 415, tactile comfort index Analysis unit; 416, spine line index analysis unit; 417, spine internal load index analysis unit; 418, first pillow model adjustment unit; 419, first pillow model local adjustment unit; 420, second pillow model adjustment unit; a second pillow model local adjustment unit; 422, a newly generated pillow model unit; 423, a circulation unit; 424, a pillow production module;
  • model building module 701, simulation computing module; 703, parameter analysis module; 704, design adjustment module; 705, iterative design program module; 706, image acquisition unit; 707, human body model geometric reconstruction unit; 708, pillow model geometry Reconstruction unit; 709, material attribute unit; 710, load condition unit; 711, initial state unit; 712, calculation unit; 713, parameter extraction unit; 714, indicator analysis unit.
  • the embodiment of the invention provides a biomechanical performance analysis and design optimization method for juvenile pillow And devices for solving the problem of lack of objective and quantitative biomechanical analysis methods and evidence-based design of existing children and adolescent pillows.
  • an embodiment of a biomechanical performance analysis and design optimization method for adolescent pillows according to an embodiment of the present invention includes:
  • step 101 in the computer simulation (Finite element method) platform, the head and neck geometric model of the required age group in the database and the pillow design model to be analyzed are imported, and the supine state is loaded and simulated.
  • the calculation results were used to analyze the effects of pillow design on the biomechanics of the head and neck and to derive relevant biomechanical parameters. After the relevant biomechanical parameters are obtained, they can be compared with the standard values and converted into various pillow biomechanical performance evaluation indexes.
  • the appropriate audience age range for the pillow design can be determined.
  • the above biomechanical parameters refer to the maximum surface pressure of the head and neck and the contact area of the pillow, the horizontal angle of the cervical vertebra, the upper cervical vertebra angle, the lower cervical vertebra angle, the maximum stress of each cervical vertebra and the intervertebral disc, etc. These parameters can be calculated by dynamic simulation in computer simulation software. inferred.
  • the pillow biomechanical performance evaluation index specifically includes the tactile comfort index, the spine line index, and the internal load index of the spine; the index may be a single data, or a data set in which a plurality of data are combined in a matrix or the like.
  • the indicator can be represented by the comparison of the biomechanical parameters with the preset biomechanical standard values, the maximum surface pressure of the head and neck (compared to the average head and neck pressure) and the contact area of the pillow (compared with the head and occipital surface area) represent tactile comfort.
  • Index cervical vertebra horizontal angle, upper cervical vertebra angle, The lower cervical vertebra angle (compared with the corresponding parameters of the 3D model of the adolescent head and neck without dynamic simulation) represents the spinal alignment index;
  • the indicators can also be directly represented by biomechanical parameters.
  • biomechanical parameters For example, the maximum stress of each cervical vertebra and intervertebral disc represents the internal load index of the spine.
  • Adjusting the parameters of the pillow model according to the pillow biomechanical performance evaluation index refers to adjusting the parameters of the pillow model according to the positive or negative correlation between the parameters of the pillow model and the pillow biomechanical performance evaluation index, or according to the pillow biomechanics
  • the relationship between the performance evaluation index and the standard value and the relationship between the pillow model parameters and the modified value should be adjusted.
  • biomechanical performance analysis and design optimization method for the juvenile pillow provided by the embodiment of the present invention.
  • the following is a biomechanical performance analysis and design optimization method for the juvenile pillow provided by the embodiment of the present invention. Another embodiment is described in detail.
  • FIG. 2 another embodiment of a biomechanical performance analysis and design optimization method for adolescent pillows according to an embodiment of the present invention includes:
  • step 201 specifically includes:
  • the skull model, the spine model, the intervertebral disc model, the brain model, and the wrapped soft tissue model are scaled according to preset human body size parameters and the adolescent head and neck 3D model is synthesized.
  • adolescents who perform image scanning must have normal body, no spinal disease or abnormality. Shape, surgery without spinal or affecting bone alignment, body size within the relevant standard range, expertly determined that the curvature of the spine is within the normal range; the number of adolescents and 3D modeling for image scanning is not limited to one, more than At one time, the data were analyzed as mean and variance; the adolescents in the study had to lie on a special bed to control and normalize the spine.
  • the preset human body size parameters include the national standard of the People's Republic of China, the Chinese minor human body size (GB/T 26158-2010) and its revised and updated files; according to the standard human body size parameters, the 3D model is scaled to generate and Standardize 3D models of different ages.
  • the loading pillow model and the teen head and neck 3D model in step 203 specifically include:
  • a juvenile head and neck 3D model is loaded and the juvenile head and neck 3D model is suspended on the pillow model.
  • Step 203 includes setting material parameters of the 3D human body and pillow model, including density, stiffness, and Poisson's ratio; setting an initial state of the computing simulation platform, including a pillow model to be placed on the bed model and fixed, a juvenile head and neck model The pillow model is laterally aligned with the neck support point of the pillow, and the initial position of the mannequin should be suspended on the pillow and the bed board model; the loading conditions of the calculation simulation platform are set, including simulating the gravity parameter, so that the suspended teenager The head and neck model falls freely and comes into contact with the pillow and the bed.
  • the dynamic simulation of the supine state of the adolescent head and neck 3D model in step 203 and the calculation of the corresponding biomechanical parameters specifically include:
  • the simulated gravity parameter of the juvenile head and neck 3D model is set and dynamically simulated, so that the suspended juvenile head and neck 3D model is free to fall and contact the pillow model and the bed plate model, and obtain the maximum surface pressure and the pillow contact area of the head and neck.
  • the computer simulation software simulates the motion state of the head and neck model according to the simulated gravity parameter when the dynamic simulation of the three models is performed.
  • the simulated skull model is freely falling under the action of gravity.
  • the state finally falls on the pillow model; when the head and neck model movement stops, the computer simulation software can derive various biomechanical parameters based on the simulated data.
  • the pillow biomechanical performance evaluation index specifically includes a tactile comfort index, a spinal alignment index, and an internal spinal load index;
  • the maximum surface pressure of the head and neck and the contact area of the pillow represent the tactile comfort index;
  • the horizontal angle of the cervical vertebra, the upper cervical vertebra and the lower cervical vertebra represent the index of the spine;
  • the maximum stress of each cervical vertebra and intervertebral disc represents the internal load index of the spine;
  • the step 204 specifically includes:
  • the maximum stress of the cervical vertebrae and intervertebral discs of the layers is used as an indicator of the internal load of the spine.
  • the maximum surface pressure of the head and neck is the maximum pressure of the pillow, which is the maximum contact pressure between the pillow and the soft tissue.
  • the support should have appropriate pressure values; the contact force can be understood as the support force, which is the joint force of the pillow supporting the body (head and neck shoulders).
  • the proper support force is especially important for maintaining the cervical vertebrae, but the excessive support force will pull the cervical vertebrae.
  • the neck is stretched too much, and there are individual differences due to the complexity of the human body and the sensitivity and tolerance of external forces.
  • the maximum surface pressure of the head and neck is compared with the average pressure of the head and neck, that is, the difference between the maximum surface pressure of the head and neck and the average pressure of the head and neck can be used as one of the tactile comfort indicators, and the difference between the contact area of the pillow and the surface area of the cranial crest and the occipital bone can be used as another Tactile comfort indicator.
  • a tactile comfort indicator can contain multiple items.
  • the horizontal angle of the cervical vertebra is the angle between the total axis of the cervical vertebra and the horizontal plane.
  • the upper cervical vertebrae are the axis of the cervical vertebrae of C1 and C2 and the axis of the cervical vertebrae of C3 and C4; the lower cervical vertebrae are the cervical vertebrae of C3, C4 and C5, C6 and C7.
  • the angles of these angles are compared with the parameters corresponding to the 3D model of the adolescent head and neck before loading, and the corresponding difference between them is calculated, which can be used as the index of the spine, including multiple differences (ie, the horizontal angle difference of the cervical vertebrae) , upper cervical angle difference, lower cervical angle difference).
  • the maximum stress of cervical vertebrae and intervertebral discs represents the stress of the cervical vertebrae. Excessive stress can easily cause cervical spondylosis, and it may affect the soft tissue and blood flow near the cervical vertebra. It can be directly used as an indicator of internal spinal load.
  • the step 205 specifically includes:
  • the height and stiffness of the partial neck and skull base bearing area of the pillow model are adjusted according to the internal load index of the spine and the index of the spine.
  • the pillow design parameters (height, curve, etc.) of the pillow model can be adjusted, but also the pillow material parameters (including hardness, rebound resilience, etc.) of the pillow model can be adjusted.
  • Adjusting the parameters of the pillow according to various indicators refers to adjusting according to the relationship between various indexes and the pillow parameters, that is, when the parameters of the pillow are changed, various indexes are also changed correspondingly with the change of the pillow parameters, and the adjustment is performed multiple times.
  • Pillow parameters can make each indicator reach the optimal value.
  • the corresponding relationship may be set according to the relationship between various indicators and the pillow parameters, so that the computer can adjust the pillow parameters according to the relationship, that is, the obtained various indicators are substituted into the relationship, and the pillow target is obtained.
  • the parameter value is then modified to the pillow parameter parameter value.
  • Step 205 can also be described as first changing the matching of the height and stiffness of the pillow, and making the tactile comfort index and the horizontal angle of the cervical vertebra in the spine line index reach the standard; and then modifying the partial neck and the skull base bearing area of the pillow (the pillow bump and The height and stiffness of the pit position make other indicators, especially the upper cervical vertebrae and the lower cervical vertebrae.
  • the parameters related to the tactile comfort index, the maximum surface pressure of the head and neck compared with the average head and neck pressure, the average head and neck pressure is calculated by dividing the standard head weight of the young man by the surface area of the cranial crest and the occipital bone; the contact area of the pillow and the cranial top Comparison of the surface area of the occipital bone;
  • the parameters related to the spine-to-line index including the cervical horizontal angle, the upper cervical vertebra angle, and the lower cervical vertebra angle, are compared with the model pair that has not been loaded yet.
  • the line control is within the scope of the reference standard;
  • the internal load index of the spine has no reference value and is analyzed in absolute value.
  • the tactile comfort and the spine line index are close to the standard value.
  • the difference between the index and the standard value is less than the preset threshold; the internal load index of the spine is preferably small.
  • a biomechanical performance analysis of adolescent pillows according to an embodiment of the present invention includes:
  • the dynamic simulation of the supine state of the adolescent head and neck 3D model in step 301 and the calculation of the corresponding biomechanical parameters specifically include:
  • the simulated gravity parameter of the juvenile head and neck 3D model is set and dynamically simulated, so that the suspended juvenile head and neck 3D model is free to fall and contact the pillow model and the bed plate model, and obtain the maximum surface pressure and the pillow contact area of the head and neck.
  • the pillow biomechanical performance evaluation index specifically includes a tactile comfort index, a spinal alignment index, and an internal spinal load index;
  • Step 302 specifically includes:
  • the maximum stress of the cervical vertebrae and intervertebral discs of the layers is used as an indicator of the internal load of the spine.
  • Step 303 specifically includes:
  • Step 304 specifically includes:
  • the new pillow model is loaded and steps 301 to 303 are performed until it is detected that the tactile comfort index, the spine line index, and the spine internal load index reach a preset standard value.
  • biomechanical performance analysis and design optimization method for the juvenile pillow provided by the embodiment of the present invention.
  • biomechanical performance analysis and design optimization device for the juvenile pillow provided by the embodiment of the present invention.
  • One embodiment of the invention is described in detail.
  • an embodiment of a biomechanical performance analysis and design optimization device for adolescent pillows according to an embodiment of the present invention is analyzed according to the above-described biomechanical performance analysis and design optimization method for adolescent pillows, including:
  • the simulation calculation module 403 is configured to load a pillow model and a 3D model of a teenager's head and neck, dynamically simulate the supine state of the adolescent head and neck 3D model, and calculate corresponding biomechanical parameters;
  • the 3D model of the teenager's head and neck and pillow is attached to the material property, the loading boundary condition and the initial state to realize the biomechanical simulation calculation of sleeping on the pillow;
  • a parameter analysis module 404 configured to compare the biomechanical parameter with a preset biomechanical standard value and obtain a pillow biomechanical performance evaluation index
  • the design adjustment module 405 is configured to adjust parameters of the pillow model according to the pillow biomechanical performance evaluation index.
  • the iterative design program module 406 is configured to generate a pillow model according to the adjusted parameters of the pillow model, and execute the simulation calculation module 403, the parameter analysis module 404, and the design adjustment module 405 cyclically until the pillow biomechanical performance evaluation is detected.
  • the index reaches a preset optimization standard value
  • the adjusted parameters of the juvenile pillow mechanics model and the juvenile pillow mechanics model parameters in the model building module are replaced, and the simulation calculation module, the parameter analysis module and the design adjustment module are executed cyclically until as many evaluation indexes as possible are reached. Its optimization criteria.
  • the adolescent head and neck model building module 401 is configured to establish a 3D model of adolescent head and neck according to adolescent head and neck clinical tomographic image data;
  • the pillow model building module 402 is configured to generate a pillow model by software for three-dimensional modeling or reverse engineering modeling according to a design drawing or a physical object.
  • the teen head and neck model building module 401 specifically includes:
  • the image obtaining unit 407 is configured to acquire a scanned image image of the head and neck structure of the teenager;
  • the human body model geometric reconstruction unit 408 is configured to establish a three-dimensional skull model, a spine model, a disc model, a brain model, and a wrapped soft tissue model of the adolescent head and neck structure according to the scanned image image;
  • the head, spine, brain and soft tissue models of the adolescent head and neck structure, the national youth human body size standard, and the youth head and neck 3D model database are constructed.
  • the zoom synthesizing unit 409 is configured to scale the skull model, the spine model, the intervertebral disc model, the brain model, and the wrapped soft tissue model according to a preset human body size parameter and synthesize a juvenile head and neck 3D model.
  • the pillow model building module 402 specifically includes:
  • the pillow model geometric reconstruction unit 410 is configured to perform three-dimensional modeling by using the auxiliary design software according to the design drawing, or to scan the 3D scanner according to the existing physical object through the reverse engineering modeling method, and assist with the calculator
  • the design software performs three-dimensional reconstruction and parameterization on the point cloud data of the scan result.
  • the 3D modeling is performed by the calculation aided design software; or according to the existing object, the reverse engineering modeling method is used to scan the 3D scanner, and the point cloud data of the scanning result is assisted by the calculator. (Point cloud) for 3D reconstruction and parameterization;
  • the simulation calculation module 403 specifically includes:
  • a material attribute unit 411 for attaching material properties of various parts of the human body according to relevant data of past cadaver experiments; in terms of the pillow model, being attached according to the material specifications of the pillow and optimized in step 15;
  • a pillow model loading unit 412 configured to load a pillow model and a bed board model and set the pillow model on the bed board model
  • the head and neck model loading unit 413 is configured to load a juvenile head and neck 3D model and suspend the juvenile head and neck 3D model on the pillow model.
  • Model 1 Initialize the initial relative position of each model, including the pillow model should be placed on the bed model and fixed, the juvenile head and neck model and the pillow model should be laterally aligned with the neck support point of the pillow, and the initial position of the mannequin should be suspended in the pillow and the bed board.
  • the simulation calculation module 403 further includes:
  • a dynamic simulation unit 414 configured to set a simulated gravity parameter of the juvenile head and neck 3D model and perform dynamic simulation, so that the suspended juvenile head and neck 3D model freely falls and contacts the pillow model and the bed plate model, and obtains a head and neck Maximum surface pressure and pillow contact area, cervical vertebra horizontal angle, upper cervical vertebra angle, lower cervical vertebra angle, maximum stress of each cervical vertebra and intervertebral disc.
  • the simulated gravity parameters of the juvenile head and neck 3D model are set such that the suspended juvenile head and neck model is free to fall and contact the pillow and the bed.
  • the pillow biomechanical performance evaluation index specifically includes a tactile comfort index, a spinal alignment index, and an internal spinal load index;
  • the parameter analysis module 404 specifically uses the finite element analysis software to perform biomechanical simulation calculation on the set unit.
  • the parameter analysis module 404 specifically includes:
  • the tactile comfort index analysis unit 415 is configured to calculate a difference between the maximum surface pressure of the head and neck and the average pressure of the head and neck as a first difference, and calculate a difference between the contact area of the pillow and the surface area of the cranial crest and the occipital bone as a second difference. a value, the first difference value and the second difference value are used as an indicator of tactile comfort;
  • the spinal-to-line index analysis unit 416 is configured to calculate a difference between the cervical vertebra horizontal angle, the upper cervical vertebra angle, the lower cervical vertebra angle, and a parameter corresponding to the 3D model of the adolescent head and neck before loading, and obtain a spine-to-line index;
  • the spinal internal load index analysis unit 417 is configured to use the maximum stress of the cervical vertebrae and the intervertebral disc as the internal load index of the spine.
  • the design adjustment module 405 specifically includes:
  • a first pillow model adjusting unit 418 configured to adjust height and rigidity of the pillow model according to the tactile comfort index and the spinal line index;
  • the first pillow model local adjustment unit 419 is configured to adjust the height and rigidity of the partial neck and the skull base bearing area of the pillow model according to the internal load index of the spine and the index of the spine.
  • the design adjustment module 405 specifically includes:
  • a second pillow model adjusting unit 420 configured to adjust height and rigidity of the pillow model according to the tactile comfort index and the spinal line index;
  • a second pillow model local adjustment unit 421, configured to adjust height and stiffness of the partial neck and the skull base bearing area of the pillow model according to the internal load index of the spine and the index of the spinal line;
  • the iterative design program module 406 specifically includes:
  • a newly generated pillow model unit 422 for generating a new pillow model according to the height, stiffness, height of the partial neck and skull base bearing area, and stiffness of the partial neck and skull base bearing area of the adjusted pillow model;
  • a circulation unit 423 configured to load the new pillow model and execute a simulation calculation module, a parameter analysis module, and a design adjustment module until the tactile comfort index, the spine line index, and the spine internal load index are detected The preset standard value is reached.
  • the embodiment of the invention further includes a pillow production module 424 for producing a corresponding pillow according to the parameters of the adjusted pillow model.
  • the image acquisition unit 407 is in the process of scanning the image picture, and the scanned teenager is lying on the special bed board for controlling and normalizing the spinal line.
  • the surface of the special board has a unique shape, and the preparation method of the special board is as follows:
  • Subjects should be placed in a pool filled with high mineral water to allow the subject to lie on the surface of high buoyancy;
  • the surface of the special bed has a unique shape so that the subject's spine remains in the most relaxed physiological curve state while lying supine;
  • Subjects are required to lie in the pool, and the pool is filled with high mineral water to allow the subject to lie on the high buoyancy water surface, with the spine in the most relaxed physiological curve state;
  • the back of the subject lying on the floating body is scanned by a 3D scanner, and a special bed plate is constructed in this shape.
  • finite element model has gradually become an important means to study the biomechanics of children's head and neck. It can be reused and can be used for the study of craniocerebral stress, strain and other related characteristic parameters.
  • computer simulation finite element simulation
  • it can be convenient Perform a large number of finite element mathematical calculations and simulations, using physics and ergonomic methods to calculate the forces of human muscles and bones, and evaluate the effects of different pillows on the biomechanics of the head and neck, not only providing internal body measurements that cannot be measured by other experiments. Parameters can also objectively evaluate the impact and impact of individual extrinsic or intrinsic factors, and predict the performance of different pillows.
  • the search literature found that there are many reports on the spine alignment of normal adults, and the research on the spine alignment of adolescents is very limited.
  • the finite element computer model of the head and neck consists of the vertebral and head finite element through simulated skull, cervical vertebrae, intervertebral disc, and outsourced soft tissue. In the modeling process, it is necessary to scientifically assign values to the mechanical properties of each part to achieve the goal of maximizing the real data of the human body.
  • This study uses a simplified finite element simulation model that has significant advantages over in vivo and non-invasive tests and can reveal stress conditions within the body.
  • the study obtained a computer-scanned image of the body structure of a 4-year-old boy (screened from more than 30 pictures) from the hospital.
  • the boy’s head and spine were free of deformities and trauma, and the computer scan image was 1mm, resolution is 512 ⁇ 512.
  • computer scan images computer modeling software was used to reconstruct the boy's skull, spine, brain and soft tissue models.
  • the model of age segmentation is based on GB/T 26158-2010 Chinese Minor Body Size and GB/T 22187-2008/ISO 15535:2003 General Requirements for Establishing Anthropometric Database.
  • a method of segmenting the age of adolescents was simplified and scaled to create a 3D model of a 4-6, 7-10, and 11-12 year old boy computer.
  • the geometry of the pillow was scanned using a handheld 3D scanner and the software was used to create a 3D mechanical model of the pillow.
  • the reconstructed model was imported into the finite element software Abaqus for assembly and unit division.
  • the material properties of different parts of the body were imported according to the previous literature.
  • the pillow will be placed in the closest position to the curve of the head and neck, and the child's body model will apply gravity to lie on the pillow model.
  • the embodiment of the present invention uses a three-dimensional computer model of adolescent head and neck biomechanics to construct a three-dimensional computer model of a child's adolescent pillow, and simulates the biomechanical parameters of the child and adolescent pillow, and evaluates the child by comparing and analyzing the parameters. Teenagers with pillows Mechanical properties of the material.
  • This technology belongs to cross-border applications.
  • the human body 3D simulation technology is widely used in the field of human injury research such as automobile accidents. So far, it has not been found to be used in the field of pillow biomechanical calculation.
  • the finite element model can be reusable and can be used for the study of craniocerebral stress, strain and various other related characteristic parameters.
  • computer simulation finite element simulation
  • it is convenient to carry out a large number of finite element mathematical calculations and simulations, using physics and ergonomic methods to calculate the forces of human muscles and bones, and evaluate different pillow pairs.
  • the biomechanical effects of head and neck can not only provide internal parameters that cannot be measured by other experiments, but also objectively evaluate the influence and influence of individual external or internal factors, and predict the performance of different pillows.
  • the quantitative and objective evaluation of the biomechanical properties of the composite structure can be applied to the design of pillows and the selection of pillows.
  • biomechanical performance analysis and design optimization device for adolescent pillow provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • biomechanical performance analysis and design optimization method for adolescent pillow provided by an embodiment of the present invention. An application example is described in detail.
  • an application example of a biomechanical performance analysis and design optimization method for adolescent pillows according to an embodiment of the present invention includes:
  • the process of establishing a 3D model of a teenager's head and neck in step 501 specifically includes:
  • step 501 The establishment of the 3D model of the head and neck of the teenager in step 501 specifically includes:
  • the scaling model according to the standard in step 502 specifically includes:
  • the national youth human body size standard is the national standard of the People's Republic of China, the Chinese minor human body size (GB/T 26158-2010) and its revised and updated files; and according to this standard, the adolescent head and neck 3D model is reduced, Used to generate and standardize 3D models of different ages;
  • the platform parameter setting described in step 505 specifically includes:
  • FIG. 6 is a biomechanical performance analysis of adolescent pillow provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • design optimization methods including:
  • an iterative design procedure for the height of the partial bearing area of the pillow such as the cervical vertebra angle and the lower cervical vertebra angle are not up to standard, adjusting the height of the partial bearing area of the pillow, repeating 602 to 603 until reaching the standard;
  • the establishment of the juvenile pillow mechanics model in step 601 specifically includes:
  • the 3D modeling is performed by the calculation aided design software; or according to the existing object, the reverse engineering modeling method is used to scan the 3D scanner, and the point cloud data of the scanning result is assisted by the calculator. (Point cloud) for 3D reconstruction and parameterization;
  • the biomechanical parameters described in step 603 specifically include:
  • the simulation calculate the maximum surface pressure of the head and neck, the contact area of the pillow, the horizontal angle of the cervical vertebra, the angle of the upper cervical vertebra, the angle of the lower cervical vertebra, the maximum stress of each cervical vertebra and the intervertebral disc;
  • the maximum surface pressure of the head and neck and the contact area of the pillow represent the tactile comfort index
  • the horizontal angle of the cervical vertebra, the upper cervical vertebra and the lower cervical vertebra represent the index of the spine
  • the maximum stress of each cervical vertebra and intervertebral disc represents the spine.
  • the maximum pressure of the pillow is the maximum contact pressure between the pillow and the soft tissue.
  • the pressure is too large to indirectly deform the soft tissue, but the pillow should be suitable as a support.
  • the pressure value; the contact area is related to the maximum pressure. If the contact surface design of the pillow can evenly distribute the excessively concentrated pressure, it is beneficial to minimize the contact pressure under the same supporting force; the maximum upward movement distance of the skull, the horizontal angle of the cervical vertebra, The upper cervical vertebrae and the lower cervical vertebrae represent the parameters of the pillow on the cervical vertebrae. So far, not yet There is sufficient literature support to discuss the optimal cervical alignment of the sleep.
  • the horizontal angle of the cervical vertebra is the angle between the general axis of the cervical vertebra and the horizontal plane, and the upper cervical vertebra is C1.
  • the maximum stress of cervical vertebrae and intervertebral disc of each layer represents the stress of the cervical vertebra. Excessive stress can easily cause cervical disease, and may affect soft tissue and blood flow near the cervical vertebra;
  • the indicator described in step 604 specifically includes:
  • the parameters related to the tactile comfort index, the maximum surface pressure of the head and neck compared with the average head and neck pressure, the average head and neck pressure is calculated by dividing the standard head weight of the young man by the surface area of the cranial crest and the occipital bone; the contact area of the pillow and the cranial top Comparison of the surface area of the occipital bone;
  • the parameters related to the spine-to-line index including the cervical horizontal angle, the upper cervical vertebra angle, and the lower cervical vertebra angle, are compared with the model pair that has not been loaded yet, because the correlation model has been generated and image scanned as described in requirement 3 , control the alignment line within the scope of the reference standard;
  • the internal load index of the spine has no reference value and is analyzed in absolute value
  • Steps 605, 606, and 607 are as standard, and specifically include:
  • the tactile comfort level and the spine line index are close to the standard value.
  • the difference between the index and the standard value is less than the preset threshold; the internal load index of the spine is preferably small;
  • the above-mentioned scan image of a teenager's head and neck structure is a medical picture taken by a child using a CT machine in a hospital or a magnetic resonance examination.
  • the scan image of the head and neck structure of adolescents is not a special case. It is a scan image of a teenager's head and neck structure that can be scanned by children. Then, you can customize your personal comfort pillow according to each person's own head and neck structure. It is also possible to obtain average parameters based on scan images of most teenagers' head and neck structures and use them for general analysis.
  • the pillow model is a customized model for teenagers.
  • the material parameter selection is different from that of adults; the pillow height and curve design are also different from those of adults (but are B-type pillows).
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a juvenile pillow using computational simulation technology.
  • An application example of physical property performance analysis and design optimization device is analyzed according to the above-mentioned biomechanical performance analysis and design optimization method of juvenile pillow using computational simulation technology, including:
  • the model building module 701 is configured to establish a 3D model of adolescent head and neck according to the image data of the head and neck structure of the adolescent, and construct a model database according to the national youth human body size standard; in addition, the youth pillow model is established according to the 3D scan data and the calculator assisted design software;
  • the simulation calculation module 702 by the finite element simulation method of the calculator, attaches the material property, the loading boundary condition and the initial state to the 3D model of the teenager's head and neck and the pillow to realize the biomechanical simulation calculation of sleeping on the pillow;
  • the parameter analysis module 703 is configured to obtain a pillow biomechanical performance evaluation index according to a relationship between the biomechanical parameter and the biomechanical parameter and the performance of the pillow;
  • the design adjustment module 704 is configured to adjust a model parameter of the juvenile pillow mechanics model according to the pillow biomechanical performance evaluation index.
  • the biomechanical performance analysis and design optimization platform for juvenile pillows using computational simulation techniques also includes:
  • the iterative design program module 705 is configured to replace the adjusted juvenile pillow mechanic model parameters with the juvenile pillow mechanics model parameters in the model building module, and execute the parameter calculation module, the parameter analysis module, and the pillow adjustment module cyclically until As many evaluation indexes as possible reach their optimization criteria.
  • the model establishing module 701 specifically includes:
  • the image obtaining unit 706 is configured to acquire a scanned image of the head and neck structure of the teenager; during the image scanning process, the tested teenager must lie on the special bed to control and normalize the spinal line;
  • the human body model geometric reconstruction unit 707 is configured to establish a head, spine, brain and soft tissue model of the adolescent head and neck structure according to the scanned image, a national youth human body size standard, and construct a youth head and neck 3D model database;
  • a pillow model geometry reconstruction unit 708, configured to perform three-dimensional modeling by using a calculation aid design software according to the design drawing;
  • the pillow model geometry reconstruction unit 708 specifically includes:
  • 3D scanner which is used to scan the 3D scanner according to the existing physical object by means of reverse engineering modeling method, and uses the calculator to assist the design software to point cloud data of the scanning result (Point Cloud) for 3D reconstruction and parameterization;
  • the simulation calculation module 702 includes:
  • a material attribute unit 709 for attaching material properties of various parts of the human body according to relevant data of past cadaver experiments; in terms of the pillow model, being attached and optimized according to the material specifications of the pillow;
  • a loading condition unit 710 configured to simulate a gravity parameter, such that the suspended juvenile head and neck model is free to fall and is in contact with the pillow and the bed board;
  • the initial state unit 711 is configured to initialize the initial relative position of each model, including the pillow model should be placed on the bed model and fixed, the juvenile head and neck model and the pillow model are laterally aligned with the neck support point of the pillow, and the initial of the human body model The position should be suspended on the pillow and the bedboard model;
  • the calculating unit 712 performs biomechanical simulation calculation on the set unit using the finite element analysis software
  • the parameter analysis module 703 includes:
  • the parameter extraction unit 713 is configured to extract related calculation simulation parameters, including maximum surface pressure of the head and neck, contact area of the pillow, horizontal angle of the cervical vertebra, upper cervical vertebra angle, lower cervical vertebra angle, maximum stress of each cervical vertebra and intervertebral disc;
  • the index analysis unit 714 is configured to formulate biomechanical indexes according to the extracted parameters and the reference values, including: tactile comfort indicators, the maximum surface pressure of the head and neck and the average head and neck pressure, and the calculation method of the average head and neck pressure is the standard head weight of the young man of the age. Divided by the surface area of the cranial crest and the occipital bone; the contact area of the pillow is compared with the surface area of the cranial and occipital
  • the index of the spine on the line including the horizontal angle of the cervical vertebra, the angle of the upper cervical vertebra, and the angle of the lower cervical vertebra, are compared with the model that has not been loaded and simulated.
  • the internal load index of the spine has no reference value and is analyzed in absolute value

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Abstract

L'invention concerne une analyse de performance biomécanique ainsi qu'un procédé et un dispositif d'optimisation de conception pour un oreiller pour enfant, utilisés pour résoudre le problème technique de l'état de la technique dans lequel un procédé d'analyse biomécanique objective et quantitative et une conception basée sur des preuves n'existent pas pour des oreillers pour enfant. Le procédé comprend : le développement d'une base de données de modèles de cou-tête biomécanique pour des enfants âgés de 6 à 12 ans ; la numérisation d'une conception d'un oreiller pour enfant ; la simulation d'un état d'un enfant couché sur le dos sur l'oreiller ; et l'analyse et l'évaluation des propriétés biomécaniques de l'oreiller, et l'ajustement de différents éléments et paramètres de conception d'oreiller pour optimiser une performance biomécanique de celui-ci.
PCT/CN2017/071917 2017-01-20 2017-01-20 Analyse de performance biomécanique et procédé et dispositif d'optimisation de conception d'oreiller pour enfant Ceased WO2018133029A1 (fr)

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CN111195167A (zh) * 2020-01-13 2020-05-26 科大讯飞股份有限公司 头型矫正方法、头型矫正装置以及枕头
CN111339582A (zh) * 2020-04-29 2020-06-26 西安增材制造国家研究院有限公司 一种头枕主体结构的三维模型创建方法
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CN113688718A (zh) * 2021-08-23 2021-11-23 安徽农业大学 一种基于枕头有限元分析的无干扰自适应睡姿识别方法
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