WO2018132854A1 - Method for additive manufacturing - Google Patents
Method for additive manufacturing Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2018132854A1 WO2018132854A1 PCT/AT2018/060008 AT2018060008W WO2018132854A1 WO 2018132854 A1 WO2018132854 A1 WO 2018132854A1 AT 2018060008 W AT2018060008 W AT 2018060008W WO 2018132854 A1 WO2018132854 A1 WO 2018132854A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- plasma
- powder particles
- solidified
- solidification
- powder
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J37/00—Discharge tubes with provision for introducing objects or material to be exposed to the discharge, e.g. for the purpose of examination or processing thereof
- H01J37/32—Gas-filled discharge tubes
- H01J37/32009—Arrangements for generation of plasma specially adapted for examination or treatment of objects, e.g. plasma sources
- H01J37/32082—Radio frequency generated discharge
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
- B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/30—Process control
- B22F10/32—Process control of the atmosphere, e.g. composition or pressure in a building chamber
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/50—Means for feeding of material, e.g. heads
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
- B29C64/141—Processes of additive manufacturing using only solid materials
- B29C64/153—Processes of additive manufacturing using only solid materials using layers of powder being selectively joined, e.g. by selective laser sintering or melting
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/20—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
- B29C64/264—Arrangements for irradiation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y40/00—Auxiliary operations or equipment, e.g. for material handling
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J37/00—Discharge tubes with provision for introducing objects or material to be exposed to the discharge, e.g. for the purpose of examination or processing thereof
- H01J37/02—Details
- H01J37/026—Means for avoiding or neutralising unwanted electrical charges on tube components
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J37/00—Discharge tubes with provision for introducing objects or material to be exposed to the discharge, e.g. for the purpose of examination or processing thereof
- H01J37/30—Electron-beam or ion-beam tubes for localised treatment of objects
- H01J37/305—Electron-beam or ion-beam tubes for localised treatment of objects for casting, melting, evaporating, or etching
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J37/00—Discharge tubes with provision for introducing objects or material to be exposed to the discharge, e.g. for the purpose of examination or processing thereof
- H01J37/30—Electron-beam or ion-beam tubes for localised treatment of objects
- H01J37/317—Electron-beam or ion-beam tubes for localised treatment of objects for changing properties of the objects or for applying thin layers thereon, e.g. for ion implantation
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J37/00—Discharge tubes with provision for introducing objects or material to be exposed to the discharge, e.g. for the purpose of examination or processing thereof
- H01J37/32—Gas-filled discharge tubes
- H01J37/32009—Arrangements for generation of plasma specially adapted for examination or treatment of objects, e.g. plasma sources
- H01J37/32192—Microwave generated discharge
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/50—Treatment of workpieces or articles during build-up, e.g. treatments applied to fused layers during build-up
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/10—Sintering only
- B22F3/105—Sintering only by using electric current other than for infrared radiant energy, laser radiation or plasma ; by ultrasonic bonding
- B22F2003/1051—Sintering only by using electric current other than for infrared radiant energy, laser radiation or plasma ; by ultrasonic bonding by electric discharge
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2999/00—Aspects linked to processes or compositions used in powder metallurgy
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J2237/00—Discharge tubes exposing object to beam, e.g. for analysis treatment, etching, imaging
- H01J2237/004—Charge control of objects or beams
- H01J2237/0041—Neutralising arrangements
- H01J2237/0044—Neutralising arrangements of objects being observed or treated
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J2237/00—Discharge tubes exposing object to beam, e.g. for analysis treatment, etching, imaging
- H01J2237/02—Details
- H01J2237/022—Avoiding or removing foreign or contaminating particles, debris or deposits on sample or tube
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method having the features of the preamble of claim 1 and a device having the features of the preamble of claim 7.
- the solidification of the powder particles by means of the electron beam can take place via at least partial melting and solidification.
- the process chamber is that area of the device for the additive manufacturing of a component in which a controlled atmosphere, preferably a vacuum, can be produced and maintained.
- the additive manufacturing by the electron beam takes place within a partial area of the process chamber, which is referred to as a construction area.
- the electron beam causes an electrically negative charging of the powder particles to be solidified and the structure produced by the solidification of the powder particles.
- WO 2016/00448 A1 describes a powder of spherical powder particles having a size greater than 10 micrometers and an average BET surface area of greater than 0.08 m 2 / g. This powder is better versinterbar.
- the disadvantage here is that not all materials with a spherical particle shape can be produced inexpensively with such a high surface area.
- the object of the invention is to provide a simple and inexpensive method and a simple and inexpensive device in which at least one, preferably several or all, of the problems discussed above are avoided. This object is achieved by a method having the features of claim 1 and an apparatus having the features of claim 7. Advantageous embodiments of the invention are defined in the dependent claims. It is provided that
- the structure resulting from the solidification of the powder particles is electrically discharged after solidification by a plasma.
- the charges introduced into the material by the electron beam first penetrate into the volume of the material and then migrate to the surface.
- the plasma forms a very well electrically conductive medium surrounding the powder particles or the structure and can thus efficiently dissipate the charges that are located on the surface.
- the hitherto known irradiation of the powder particles with the strongly defocused electron beam is ideally no longer necessary. This causes a shortened process time and thus a significant cost reduction.
- the invention has at least one of the following advantages:
- the invention has the advantage that the powder particles to be solidified need not already be introduced into the apparatus for additive production in pure form, since existing impurities are removed before solidification anyway by the cleaning by means of plasma or at least reduced so far that they no Represent problem more. Certain impurities, eg. B. with oxygen can not be avoided if the powder particles come into contact with an uncontrolled atmosphere before solidification. Also, such impurities can be removed in the above sense.
- metallic powder particles are used, for.
- titanium or titanium alloys high-alloy steels, aluminum or aluminum alloys, refractory metals or refractory metal alloys, cobalt alloys or nickel-base superalloys.
- an electron beam is used in a power range of at least 2 kilowatts.
- the plasma generating device is formed separately from the beam generating device for generating the electron beam, so it is not formed by these.
- the powder particles to be solidified have a spherical initial shape.
- Spherical initial form is to be understood as the following forms:
- agglomerated or aggregated primary particles which, as an agglomerate or aggregate, have a spherical shape or a rounded shape
- the plasma generating device may be arranged - at least partially or completely - outside or inside the process chamber.
- a low-frequency or high-frequency alternating voltage can be used by the plasma generating device, or the plasma can be excited by electromagnetic radiation in the microwave range.
- a process atmosphere is provided and the plasma is prepared from the process atmosphere.
- This is one possibility for producing a low-pressure plasma.
- Such a method could, of course, also be produced on the basis of a gas different from the process atmosphere.
- the use of a low-pressure plasma has the advantage that a large area (eg the powder layer) can be applied simultaneously.
- a low-pressure plasma can act on the powder particles from all sides and thus produces an effective discharge effect.
- a low-pressure plasma can be excited from outside the process chamber.
- a plasma can be excited by:
- a low-pressure plasma which is produced by capacitive coupling (for example produced by a plate reactor), inductive coupling (for example generated by a coil) or by electromagnetic radiation (for example by a magnetron generated) is generated. It may also be provided that an atmospheric pressure plasma is used. This can be generated in a manner known per se. The generation of the plasma can be independent of any existing process atmosphere or in vacuum, z. B. also outside the process chamber.
- powder particles to be solidified are provided as a powder layer prior to solidification.
- the powder layer typically has a layer thickness of 50 to 150 microns.
- a controlled process atmosphere can be maintained in the process chamber.
- the process atmosphere can be added to a reactive gas.
- the at least one plasma-generating device has at least one electrode pair, wherein the construction area for the additive manufacturing is arranged at least partially between the electrodes of the electrode pair.
- One of the electrodes of the electrode pair may be formed by a portion of a wall of the process chamber or the construction chamber.
- One of the electrodes of the pair of electrodes is grounded, while an alternating electrical voltage can be applied to the other electrode of the pair of electrodes.
- the at least one plasma generating device has at least one induction coil (which can be acted upon by an electrical alternating voltage), the construction region being arranged at least partially within at least one winding of the at least one induction coil.
- the at least one plasma-generating device has at least one magnetron, the magnetron being arranged inside or outside the process chamber.
- a feeder device for feeding powder particles to be solidified to the construction area (eg a squeegee, preferably with steel, rubber or CFK lip), wherein it is preferably provided that the feeder device is in communication with the at least one plasma generating device and has at least one discharge opening, via which plasma can be discharged.
- a process atmosphere with a pressure p of 1 10 millibar ⁇ p ⁇ 1 millibar can be provided.
- Fig. 1 shows a device with low-pressure plasma, generated by a
- Fig. 2a, 2b a device with low-pressure plasma, generated by a
- Fig. 3a, 3b a device with an atmospheric pressure plasma
- a provision unit 13 for providing and maintaining a process atmosphere in the process chamber 2 is provided. It is a non-illustrated pressure reduction device for providing and maintaining a relation to the environment lowered pressure or a vacuum in the process chamber 2 is provided.
- the powder particles to be solidified are stored in a storage device 3 and can be introduced into a construction area 6 via a feeder device 10 (in this case a squeegee).
- a feeder device 10 in this case a squeegee
- the powder particles to be solidified in the construction area 6 are arranged in layers on a lowerable building platform 14 in a powder layer 7.
- Each powder layer 7 is at least locally solidified by an electron beam, which can be generated by means of a generating device 4. In this way, the component 16 to be produced is produced in layers.
- a plasma generating device 5 (here, with a magnetron 12) is provided.
- a plasma can be generated by the plasma generating device 5 from the process atmosphere (eg argon atmosphere) in the construction area 6 (more precisely: in the area of the powder layer 7 and its immediate surroundings), which discharges the powder particles arranged in the construction area 6.
- the housing of the process chamber 2 is grounded via a ground 15.
- FIG. 2 a shows a device 1 with an alternative embodiment of the plasma generation device 5 in the region of the construction area 6 in a sectional illustration.
- the not shown areas of the device 1 are apart from the absence of a magnetron 12 as formed in Fig. 1.
- the plasma generating device 5, a pair of electrodes 8, 8 ', wherein the electrodes of the electrode pair 8, 8' so next to the powder layer 7 are arranged so that the squeegee can move between the electrodes (see the plan view of the construction area 6 shown in Fig. 2b).
- Fig. 3a shows in a sectional view an alternative embodiment of a device 1, in which the plasma required for the discharge is an atmospheric plasma.
- the feeder device 10 communicates with a plurality of plasma generating devices 5 and has a plurality of discharge openings 11, via which plasma can be applied directly above the powder layer 7 and during the application of the powder layer 7.
- FIG. 3 b shows a plan view of the powder layer 7 and the plurality of plasma generating devices 5.
- the plasma generating devices 5 are attached to the feeder 10.
- FIG. 4a shows a process diagram of a method according to the invention with the following steps:
- FIG. 4b shows a process diagram of a method according to the invention with the following steps:
- 4c shows a process diagram of a method according to the invention with the following steps:
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Plasma Technology (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Verfahren zur additiven Fertigung Process for additive manufacturing
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren mit den Merkmalen des Oberbegriffs des Anspruchs 1 und eine Vorrichtung mit den Merkmalen des Oberbegriffs des Anspruchs 7. The invention relates to a method having the features of the preamble of claim 1 and a device having the features of the preamble of claim 7.
Das Verfestigen der Pulverpartikel mittels des Elektronenstrahls kann über zumindest teilweises Schmelzen und Erstarren erfolgen. Die Prozesskammer ist jener Bereich der Vorrichtung zum additiven Fertigen eines Bauteils, in welchem eine kontrollierte Atmosphäre, vorzugsweise ein Vakuum herstellbar und aufrecht erhaltbar sind. The solidification of the powder particles by means of the electron beam can take place via at least partial melting and solidification. The process chamber is that area of the device for the additive manufacturing of a component in which a controlled atmosphere, preferably a vacuum, can be produced and maintained.
Das additive Fertigen durch den Elektronenstrahl erfolgt innerhalb eines Teilbereichs der Prozesskammer, welcher als Baubereich bezeichnet wird. The additive manufacturing by the electron beam takes place within a partial area of the process chamber, which is referred to as a construction area.
Durch den Elektronenstrahl erfolgt eine elektrisch negative Aufladung der zu verfestigenden Pulverpartikel und der durch die Verfestigung der Pulverpartikel erzeugten Struktur. Um eine unerwünschte Beschleunigung der noch nicht verfestigten Pulverpartikel durch elektrostatische Abstoßung zu vermeiden, ist es bekannt, vor dem Schritt des Verfestigens den Elektronenstrahl mit starker Defokussierung auf die Pulverpartikel zu richten, um ein elektrisch leitfähiges Netzwerk versinterter und damit mechanisch verbundener Pulverpartikel zu erzeugen. The electron beam causes an electrically negative charging of the powder particles to be solidified and the structure produced by the solidification of the powder particles. In order to avoid unwanted acceleration of the as yet unconsolidated powder particles by electrostatic repulsion, it is known to direct the electron beam with strong defocusing on the powder particles prior to the step of solidification to produce an electrically conductive network of sintered and thus mechanically bonded powder particles.
Problematisch ist das Vorhandensein von Verunreinigungen (im Speziellen Sauerstoff), vor allem an Oberflächen der zu verfestigenden Pulverpartikel. Diese Verunreinigungen bewirken - vor allem als Oxidschicht auf den Pulverpartikeln - eine kinetische Hemmung, da eine Oxidschicht eine Diffusionsbarriere bilden kann. Es kann zur Ausbildung isolierender Schichten kommen, die dann einen Fremdschichtwiderstand zwischen den Pulverpartikeln bilden. WO 2016/00448 A1 beschreibt ein Pulver aus sphärischen Pulverpartikel mit einer Größe von größer 10 Mikrometer und einer mittleren BET-Oberfläche von größer 0,08 m2/g. Dieses Pulver ist besser versinterbar. Nachteilig dabei ist, dass nicht alle Werkstoffe mit sphärischer Partikelform mit einer derart hohen Oberfläche kostengünstig herstellbar sind. Aufgabe der Erfindung ist die Bereitstellung eines einfachen und kostengünstigen Verfahrens und einer einfachen und kostengünstigen Vorrichtung, bei welchen zumindest eines, vorzugsweise mehrere oder alle, der oben diskutierten Probleme vermieden werden. Diese Aufgabe wird durch ein Verfahren mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 und eine Vorrichtung mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 7 gelöst. Vorteilhafte Ausführungsformen der Erfindung sind in den abhängigen Ansprüchen definiert. Es ist vorgesehen, dass The problem is the presence of impurities (especially oxygen), especially on surfaces of the powder particles to be solidified. These impurities cause - especially as an oxide layer on the powder particles - a kinetic inhibition, since an oxide layer can form a diffusion barrier. It can lead to the formation of insulating layers, which then form a foreign layer resistance between the powder particles. WO 2016/00448 A1 describes a powder of spherical powder particles having a size greater than 10 micrometers and an average BET surface area of greater than 0.08 m 2 / g. This powder is better versinterbar. The disadvantage here is that not all materials with a spherical particle shape can be produced inexpensively with such a high surface area. The object of the invention is to provide a simple and inexpensive method and a simple and inexpensive device in which at least one, preferably several or all, of the problems discussed above are avoided. This object is achieved by a method having the features of claim 1 and an apparatus having the features of claim 7. Advantageous embodiments of the invention are defined in the dependent claims. It is provided that
" die zu verfestigenden Pulverpartikel vor dem Verfestigen und/oder "to be solidified powder particles before solidification and / or
" die Pulverpartikel während des Verfestigens und/oder "the powder particles during solidification and / or
" die durch das Verfestigen der Pulverpartikel entstandene Struktur nach dem Verfestigen durch ein Plasma elektrisch entladen werden bzw. wird. "the structure resulting from the solidification of the powder particles is electrically discharged after solidification by a plasma.
Die durch den Elektronenstrahl in das Material eingebrachten Ladungen dringen zunächst in das Volumen des Materials ein und wandern anschließend an die Oberfläche. Das Plasma bildet ein die Pulverpartikel oder die Struktur umgebendes sehr gut elektrisch leitfähiges Medium und kann damit die an der Oberfläche sitzenden Ladungen effizient ableiten. The charges introduced into the material by the electron beam first penetrate into the volume of the material and then migrate to the surface. The plasma forms a very well electrically conductive medium surrounding the powder particles or the structure and can thus efficiently dissipate the charges that are located on the surface.
Durch das Entladen mittels Plasma ist das bisher bekannte Bestrahlen der Pulverpartikel mit dem stark defokussierten Elektronenstrahl im Idealfall nicht mehr erforderlich. Dies bewirkt eine verkürzte Prozesszeit und damit eine deutliche Kostenreduktion. Aber auch wenn weiterhin ein elektrisch leitfähiges Netzwerk versinterter und damit mechanisch verbundener Pulverpartikel durch einen stark defokussierten Elektronenstrahl hergestellt werden soll, bewirkt die Erfindung zumindest einen der folgenden Vorteile: By discharging by means of plasma, the hitherto known irradiation of the powder particles with the strongly defocused electron beam is ideally no longer necessary. This causes a shortened process time and thus a significant cost reduction. However, even if an electrically conductive network of sintered and thus mechanically bonded powder particles should continue to be produced by a strongly defocused electron beam, the invention has at least one of the following advantages:
" höhere Prozesssicherheit durch geringere Wahrscheinlichkeit eines elektrostatischen Abstoßens der Pulverpartikel "higher process reliability due to lower probability of electrostatic repulsion of the powder particles
" schnellere und zuverlässigere Ausbildung des elektrisch leitfähigen Netzwerks "faster and more reliable training of the electrically conductive network
" geringerer elektrischer Widerstand von als Pulverlage angeordneten Pulverpartikeln durch Reduktion oder Wegfall von Fremdschichtwiderstand "Lower electrical resistance of powder particles arranged as a powder layer by reduction or elimination of foreign-layer resistance
" höhere mechanische Stabilität der versinterten Partikel "higher mechanical stability of the sintered particles
" Verkürzung der Zeitdauer, in welcher der stark defokussierte Elektronenstrahl einwirkt " wirtschaftlichere Fertigung von Bauteilen beim Einsatzes eines stärker fokussierten Elektronenstrahls beim Verfestigen und damit Möglichkeit der Herstellung feinerer Strukturen "Shortening the period of time in which the highly defocused electron beam acts" more economical production of components when using a more focused electron beam during solidification and thus the possibility of producing finer structures
" Möglichkeit des Einsatzes feinerer Pulverpartikel, was zu verbesserter Oberflächenqualität des gefertigten Bauteils führt "Possibility of using finer powder particles, which leads to improved surface quality of the finished component
" Möglichkeit des Einsatzes kostengünstigerer Pulver Die bessere Versinterbarkeit der Pulverpartikel ist auf eine durch das Plasma bewirkte Entfernung von diffusionshemmenden Verunreinigungsschichten, wie z. B. Oxidschichten auf den Oberflächen der Pulverpartikel zurückzuführen. Das Entfernen erfolgt unter anderem dadurch, dass durch die Plasmaeinwirkung eine Verunreinigungsschicht thermodynamisch instabil wird (durch Temperatur- und Druckänderung oder durch chemische Wechselwirkung mit den das Plasma konstituierenden Teilchen) oder dass durch die mechanische Einwirkung der das Plasma konstituierenden Teilchen Material abgetragen wird (physikalischer Materialabtrag). "Possibility of using less expensive powders The better sinterability of the powder particles is due to the removal of diffusion-inhibiting contaminant layers caused by the plasma, such as. As oxide layers on the surfaces of the powder particles due. The removal takes place, inter alia, by the fact that an impurity layer becomes thermodynamically unstable by the plasma action (by temperature and pressure change or by chemical interaction with the plasma constituting particles) or that material is removed by the mechanical action of the particles constituting the plasma (physical material removal ).
Die Erfindung bringt den Vorteil mit sich, dass die zu verfestigenden Pulverpartikel nicht bereits in reiner Form in die Vorrichtung zur additiven Fertigung eingebracht werden müssen, da vorhandene Verunreinigungen vor dem Verfestigen ohnehin durch die Reinigung mittels Plasma entfernt oder zumindest soweit reduziert werden, dass sie kein Problem mehr darstellen. Gewisse Verunreinigungen, z. B. mit Sauerstoff können gar nicht vermieden werden, wenn die Pulverpartikel vor dem Verfestigen mit einer unkontrollierten Atmosphäre in Kontakt kommen. Auch solche Verunreinigungen können im obigen Sinne entfernt werden. The invention has the advantage that the powder particles to be solidified need not already be introduced into the apparatus for additive production in pure form, since existing impurities are removed before solidification anyway by the cleaning by means of plasma or at least reduced so far that they no Represent problem more. Certain impurities, eg. B. with oxygen can not be avoided if the powder particles come into contact with an uncontrolled atmosphere before solidification. Also, such impurities can be removed in the above sense.
Es erfolgt keine Änderung des Aggregatzustandes der zu verfestigenden Pulverpartikel, die vor, während und nach der Reinigung durch das Plasma im festen Aggregatzustand vorliegen. There is no change in the state of aggregation of the powder particles to be solidified, which are present before, during and after the cleaning by the plasma in the solid state.
Bevorzugt kommen metallische Pulverpartikel zum Einsatz, z. B. aus Titan oder Titanlegierungen, hochlegierten Stählen, Aluminium oder Aluminiumlegierungen, Refraktärmetalle oder Refraktärmetalllegierungen, Kobaltlegierungen oder Nickelbasis- Superlegierungen. Preferably metallic powder particles are used, for. As titanium or titanium alloys, high-alloy steels, aluminum or aluminum alloys, refractory metals or refractory metal alloys, cobalt alloys or nickel-base superalloys.
Bevorzugt wird ein Elektronenstrahl in einem Leistungsbereich von mindestens 2 Kilowatt verwendet. Die Plasmaerzeugungsvorrichtung ist gesondert von der Strahlerzeugungsvorrichtung zur Erzeugung des Elektronenstrahls ausgebildet, wird also nicht durch diese gebildet. Preferably, an electron beam is used in a power range of at least 2 kilowatts. The plasma generating device is formed separately from the beam generating device for generating the electron beam, so it is not formed by these.
Es kann vorgesehen sein, dass die zu verfestigenden Pulverpartikel eine sphärische Ausgangsform aufweisen. Unter sphärischer Ausgangsform sind folgende Formen zu verstehen: It can be provided that the powder particles to be solidified have a spherical initial shape. Spherical initial form is to be understood as the following forms:
" Kugelform "Spherical shape
" gerundete Form (engl, rounded shape) "rounded shape (English, rounded shape)
" agglomerierte oder aggregierte Primärpartikel (mit beliebiger Form), die als Agglomerat oder Aggregat eine Kugelform oder gerundete Form aufweisen "agglomerated or aggregated primary particles (of any shape) which, as an agglomerate or aggregate, have a spherical shape or a rounded shape
Die Plasmaerzeugungsvorrichtung kann - zumindest teilweise oder vollständig - außerhalb oder innerhalb der Prozesskammer angeordnet sein. Zur Erzeugung des Plasmas kann durch die Plasmaerzeugungsvorrichtung eine niederfrequente oder hochfrequente Wechselspannung eingesetzt werden, oder das Plasma kann durch elektromagnetische Strahlung im Mikrowellenbereich angeregt werden. The plasma generating device may be arranged - at least partially or completely - outside or inside the process chamber. To generate the plasma, a low-frequency or high-frequency alternating voltage can be used by the plasma generating device, or the plasma can be excited by electromagnetic radiation in the microwave range.
Bei einem Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, dass in der Prozesskammer eine Prozessatmosphäre bereitgestellt wird und das Plasma aus der Prozessatmosphäre hergestellt wird. Dies stellt eine Möglichkeit zur Herstellung eines Niederdruckplasmas dar. Ein solches könnte natürlich auch auf Basis eines von der Prozessatmosphäre verschiedenen Gases erzeugt werden. Die Verwendung eines Niederdruckplasmas bringt den Vorteil mit sich, dass gleichzeitig ein großer Bereich (z. B. der Pulverlage) beaufschlagt werden kann. Ein Niederdruckplasma kann von allen Seiten auf die Pulverpartikel einwirken und erzeugt so einen effektiven Entladungseffekt. Ein Niederdruckplasma ist von außerhalb der Prozesskammer anregbar. Allgemein kann ein Plasma angeregt werden, durch: In one embodiment of the invention it is provided that in the process chamber, a process atmosphere is provided and the plasma is prepared from the process atmosphere. This is one possibility for producing a low-pressure plasma. Such a method could, of course, also be produced on the basis of a gas different from the process atmosphere. The use of a low-pressure plasma has the advantage that a large area (eg the powder layer) can be applied simultaneously. A low-pressure plasma can act on the powder particles from all sides and thus produces an effective discharge effect. A low-pressure plasma can be excited from outside the process chamber. Generally, a plasma can be excited by:
" thermische Anregung "thermal stimulation
" Strahlungsanregung "Radiation excitation
" Anregung durch elektrostatische Felder "Excitation by electrostatic fields
" Anregung durch elektromagnetische Felder "Excitation by electromagnetic fields
Es kann vorgesehen sein, dass ein Niederdruckplasma verwendet wird, welches durch kapazitive Einkopplung (z. B. durch einen Plattenreaktor erzeugt), induktive Einkopplung (z. B. durch eine Spule erzeugt) oder durch elektromagnetische Strahlung (z. B. durch ein Magnetron erzeugt) erzeugt wird. Es kann auch vorgesehen sein, dass ein Atmosphärendruckplasma verwendet wird. Dieses kann auf an sich bekannte Weise erzeugt werden. Die Erzeugung des Plasmas kann unabhängig von einer allfällig vorhandenen Prozessatmosphäre oder auch bei Vakuum, z. B. auch außerhalb der Prozesskammer erfolgen. It can be provided that a low-pressure plasma is used which is produced by capacitive coupling (for example produced by a plate reactor), inductive coupling (for example generated by a coil) or by electromagnetic radiation (for example by a magnetron generated) is generated. It may also be provided that an atmospheric pressure plasma is used. This can be generated in a manner known per se. The generation of the plasma can be independent of any existing process atmosphere or in vacuum, z. B. also outside the process chamber.
Es kann vorgesehen sein, dass zu verfestigende Pulverpartikel vor dem Verfestigen als Pulverlage bereitgestellt werden. Die Pulverlage weist typischerweise eine Lagendicke von 50 bis 150 Mikrometer auf. Bei einem Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, dass in der Prozesskammer eine kontrollierte Prozessatmosphäre aufrecht erhalten werden kann. Der Prozessatmosphäre kann ein Reaktivgas beigemengt werden. It may be provided that powder particles to be solidified are provided as a powder layer prior to solidification. The powder layer typically has a layer thickness of 50 to 150 microns. In one embodiment of the invention, it is provided that a controlled process atmosphere can be maintained in the process chamber. The process atmosphere can be added to a reactive gas.
Bei einem Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, dass die zumindest eine Plasmaerzeugungsvorrichtung zumindest ein Elektrodenpaar aufweist, wobei der Baubereich für die additive Fertigung zumindest teilweise zwischen den Elektroden des Elektrodenpaars angeordnet ist. Eine der Elektroden des Elektrodenpaars kann durch einen Abschnitt einer Wandung der Prozesskammer oder der Baukammer gebildet sein. Eine der Elektroden des Elektrodenpaars ist geerdet, während an die andere Elektrode des Elektrodenpaars eine elektrische Wechselspannung anlegbar ist. In one exemplary embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the at least one plasma-generating device has at least one electrode pair, wherein the construction area for the additive manufacturing is arranged at least partially between the electrodes of the electrode pair. One of the electrodes of the electrode pair may be formed by a portion of a wall of the process chamber or the construction chamber. One of the electrodes of the pair of electrodes is grounded, while an alternating electrical voltage can be applied to the other electrode of the pair of electrodes.
Es kann vorgesehen sein, dass die zumindest eine Plasmaerzeugungsvorrichtung zumindest eine Induktionsspule aufweist (welche mit einer elektrischen Wechselspannung beaufschlagbar ist), wobei der Baubereich zumindest teilweise innerhalb wenigstens einer Wicklung der zumindest einen Induktionsspule angeordnet ist. It can be provided that the at least one plasma generating device has at least one induction coil (which can be acted upon by an electrical alternating voltage), the construction region being arranged at least partially within at least one winding of the at least one induction coil.
Es kann vorgesehen sein, dass die zumindest eine Plasmaerzeugungsvorrichtung zumindest ein Magnetron aufweist, wobei das Magnetron innerhalb oder außerhalb der Prozesskammer angeordnet ist. It can be provided that the at least one plasma-generating device has at least one magnetron, the magnetron being arranged inside or outside the process chamber.
Bei einem Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, dass eine Zubringvorrichtung zum Zubringen von zu verfestigenden Pulverpartikeln zum Baubereich vorgesehen ist (z. B. ein Rakel, bevorzugt mit Stahl-, Gummi- oder CFK-Lippe), wobei vorzugsweise vorgesehen ist, dass die Zubringvorrichtung mit der zumindest einen Plasmaerzeugungsvorrichtung in Verbindung steht und wenigstens eine Ausbringöffnung aufweist, über welche Plasma ausbringbar ist. Es kann eine Prozessatmosphäre mit einem Druck p von 1 10 Millibar < p < 1 Millibar bereitgestellt werden. In one embodiment of the invention it is provided that a feeder device is provided for feeding powder particles to be solidified to the construction area (eg a squeegee, preferably with steel, rubber or CFK lip), wherein it is preferably provided that the feeder device is in communication with the at least one plasma generating device and has at least one discharge opening, via which plasma can be discharged. A process atmosphere with a pressure p of 1 10 millibar <p <1 millibar can be provided.
Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung werden anhand der Figuren diskutiert. Es zeigen: Embodiments of the invention will be discussed with reference to the figures. Show it:
Fig. 1 eine Vorrichtung mit Niederdruckplasma, erzeugt durch ein Fig. 1 shows a device with low-pressure plasma, generated by a
Magnetron magnetron
Fig. 2a, 2b eine Vorrichtung mit Niederdruckplasma, erzeugt durch ein Fig. 2a, 2b, a device with low-pressure plasma, generated by a
Elektrodenpaar electrode pair
Fig. 3a, 3b eine Vorrichtung mit einem Atmosphärendruckplasma Fig. 3a, 3b, a device with an atmospheric pressure plasma
Fig. 4a-c Prozessdiagramme alternativer Ausführungsbeispiele eines 4a-c process diagrams of alternative embodiments of a
erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens inventive method
Fig. 1 zeigt in einer schematischen Schnittdarstellung eine Vorrichtung 1 zum additiven Fertigen eines Bauteiles mit einer Prozesskammer 2. Es ist eine Bereitstellungseinheit 13 zur Bereitstellung und Aufrechterhaltung einer Prozessatmosphäre in der Prozesskammer 2 vorgesehen. Es ist eine nicht dargestellte Druckreduktionsvorrichtung zur Bereitstellung und Aufrechterhaltung eines gegenüber der Umgebung abgesenkten Druckes oder eines Vakuums in der Prozesskammer 2 vorgesehen. 1 shows a schematic sectional view of a device 1 for additively manufacturing a component with a process chamber 2. A provision unit 13 for providing and maintaining a process atmosphere in the process chamber 2 is provided. It is a non-illustrated pressure reduction device for providing and maintaining a relation to the environment lowered pressure or a vacuum in the process chamber 2 is provided.
Die zu verfestigenden Pulverpartikel sind in einer Vorratsvorrichtung 3 bevorratet und können über eine Zubringvorrichtung 10 (hier ein Rakel) in einen Baubereich 6 eingebracht werden. Im konkreten Beispiel werden die zu verfestigenden Pulverpartikel im Baubereich 6 auf einer absenkbaren Bauplattform 14 in einer Pulverlage 7 schichtweise angeordnet. Jede Pulverlage 7 wird durch einen Elektronenstrahl, der mittels einer Erzeugungsvorrichtung 4 erzeugbar ist, zumindest lokal verfestigt. So entsteht schichtweise das zu fertigende Bauteil 16. Das nicht durch den Hochenergiestrahl verfestigte Pulver 17 umgibt den Bauteil 16. The powder particles to be solidified are stored in a storage device 3 and can be introduced into a construction area 6 via a feeder device 10 (in this case a squeegee). In the concrete example, the powder particles to be solidified in the construction area 6 are arranged in layers on a lowerable building platform 14 in a powder layer 7. Each powder layer 7 is at least locally solidified by an electron beam, which can be generated by means of a generating device 4. In this way, the component 16 to be produced is produced in layers. The powder 17, which is not solidified by the high-energy beam, surrounds the component 16.
Gesondert von der Erzeugungsvorrichtung 4 für den Elektronenstrahl ist eine Plasmaerzeugungsvorrichtung 5 (hier mit einem Magnetron 12) vorgesehen. Durch die Plasmaerzeugungsvorrichtung 5 ist aus der Prozessatmosphäre (z. B. Argonatmosphäre) im Baubereich 6 (genauer: im Bereich der Pulverlage 7 und deren unmittelbarer Umgebung) ein Plasma erzeugbar, welches die im Baubereich 6 angeordneten Pulverpartikel entlädt. Das Gehäuse der Prozesskammer 2 ist über eine Erdung 15 geerdet. Apart from the electron beam generating device 4, a plasma generating device 5 (here, with a magnetron 12) is provided. A plasma can be generated by the plasma generating device 5 from the process atmosphere (eg argon atmosphere) in the construction area 6 (more precisely: in the area of the powder layer 7 and its immediate surroundings), which discharges the powder particles arranged in the construction area 6. The housing of the process chamber 2 is grounded via a ground 15.
Fig. 2a zeigt eine Vorrichtung 1 mit einer alternativen Ausbildung der Plasmaerzeugungsvorrichtung 5 im Bereich des Baubereichs 6 in einer Schnittdarstellung. Die nicht dargestellten Bereiche der Vorrichtung 1 sind abgesehen vom Nichtvorhandensein eines Magnetrons 12 so ausgebildet wie in Fig. 1. In Fig. 2a weist die Plasmaerzeugungsvorrichtung 5 ein Elektrodenpaar 8, 8' auf, wobei die Elektroden des Elektrodenpaars 8, 8' so neben der Pulverlage 7 angeordnet sind, dass der Rakel zwischen den Elektroden verfahren kann (vgl. die in Fig. 2b gezeigte Draufsicht auf den Baubereich 6). FIG. 2 a shows a device 1 with an alternative embodiment of the plasma generation device 5 in the region of the construction area 6 in a sectional illustration. The not shown areas of the device 1 are apart from the absence of a magnetron 12 as formed in Fig. 1. In Fig. 2a, the plasma generating device 5, a pair of electrodes 8, 8 ', wherein the electrodes of the electrode pair 8, 8' so next to the powder layer 7 are arranged so that the squeegee can move between the electrodes (see the plan view of the construction area 6 shown in Fig. 2b).
Fig. 3a zeigt in einer Schnittdarstellung ein alternatives Ausführungsbeispiel einer Vorrichtung 1 , bei welchem das für die Entladung benötigte Plasma ein Atmosphärenplasma ist. Hier steht die Zubringvorrichtung 10 mit einer Vielzahl von Plasmaerzeugungsvorrichtungen 5 in Verbindung und weist eine Vielzahl von Ausbringöffnungen 1 1 auf, über welche Plasma direkt über der Pulverlage 7 und während des Aufbringens der Pulverlage 7 ausbringbar ist. Die Fig. 3b zeigt eine Draufsicht auf die Pulverlage 7 und die Vielzahl von Plasmaerzeugungsvorrichtungen 5. Die Plasmaerzeugungsvorrichtungen 5 sind an der Zubringvorrichtung 10 angebracht. Fig. 3a shows in a sectional view an alternative embodiment of a device 1, in which the plasma required for the discharge is an atmospheric plasma. Here, the feeder device 10 communicates with a plurality of plasma generating devices 5 and has a plurality of discharge openings 11, via which plasma can be applied directly above the powder layer 7 and during the application of the powder layer 7. FIG. 3 b shows a plan view of the powder layer 7 and the plurality of plasma generating devices 5. The plasma generating devices 5 are attached to the feeder 10.
Fig. 4a zeigt ein Prozessdiagramm eines erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens mit den folgenden Schritten: FIG. 4a shows a process diagram of a method according to the invention with the following steps:
" Einbringen von zu verfestigenden Pulverpartikel in eine Vorratsvorrichtung 3 "Introducing to be solidified powder particles in a storage device. 3
" Aufbringen einer Pulverlage 7 aus Pulverpartikel auf einer Bauplattform 14 im Baubereich 6 mittels einer Zubringvorrichtung 10 "Applying a powder layer 7 of powder particles on a construction platform 14 in the construction area 6 by means of a feeder device 10
" Entladen der Pulverlage 7 mittels Plasma "Discharging the powder layer 7 by means of plasma
" Verfestigen der die Pulverlage 7 bildenden Pulverpartikel mit einem Elektronenstrahl "Solidifying the powder layer 7 forming powder particles with an electron beam
" Absenken der Bauplattform 14 Lowering the build platform 14
" Aufbringen einer Pulverlage 7 aus Pulverpartikel auf der im vorigen Schritt zumindest teilweise verfestigten Schicht auf der Bauplattform 14 im Baubereich 6 mittels der Zubringvorrichtung 10 usw. "Applying a powder layer 7 of powder particles on the in the previous step at least partially solidified layer on the build platform 14 in the construction area 6 by means of the feeder device 10, etc.
Fig. 4b zeigt ein Prozessdiagramm eines erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens mit den folgenden Schritten: 4b shows a process diagram of a method according to the invention with the following steps:
" Einbringen von zu verfestigenden Pulverpartikel in eine Vorratsvorrichtung 3 "Introducing to be solidified powder particles in a storage device. 3
" Aufbringen einer Pulverlage 7 aus Pulverpartikel auf einer Bauplattform 14 im Baubereich 6 mittels einer Zubringvorrichtung 10 "Applying a powder layer 7 of powder particles on a construction platform 14 in the construction area 6 by means of a feeder device 10
" Ggf. Reinigen der Pulverpartikel mit Plasma "If necessary, clean the powder particles with plasma
" Verfestigen der die Pulverlage 7 bildenden Pulverpartikel mit einem Elektronenstrahl und Entladen mittels Plasma während des Verfestigens " Absenken der Bauplattform 14 "Solidifying the powder particles forming the powder layer 7 with an electron beam and discharging by plasma during solidification Lowering the build platform 14
" Aufbringen einer Pulverlage 7 aus Pulverpartikel auf der im vorigen Schritt zumindest teilweise verfestigten Schicht auf der Bauplattform 14 im Baubereich 6 mittels der Zubringvorrichtung 10 usw. "Applying a powder layer 7 of powder particles on the in the previous step at least partially solidified layer on the build platform 14 in the construction area 6 by means of the feeder device 10, etc.
Fig. 4c zeigt ein Prozessdiagramm eines erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens mit den folgenden Schritten: 4c shows a process diagram of a method according to the invention with the following steps:
" Einbringen von zu verfestigenden Pulverpartikel in eine Vorratsvorrichtung 3 "Introducing to be solidified powder particles in a storage device. 3
" Aufbringen einer Pulverlage 7 aus Pulverpartikel auf einer Bauplattform 14 im Baubereich 6 mittels einer Zubringvorrichtung 10 "Applying a powder layer 7 of powder particles on a construction platform 14 in the construction area 6 by means of a feeder device 10
" Ggf. Reinigen der Pulverpartikel mit Plasma "If necessary, clean the powder particles with plasma
" Verfestigen der die Pulverlage 7 bildenden Pulverpartikel mit einem Elektronenstrahl "Solidifying the powder layer 7 forming powder particles with an electron beam
" Entladen der verfestigten Struktur mittels Plasma "Discharge the solidified structure by means of plasma
" Absenken der Bauplattform 14 Lowering the build platform 14
" Aufbringen einer Pulverlage 7 aus Pulverpartikel auf der im vorigen Schritt zumindest teilweise verfestigten Schicht auf der Bauplattform 14 im Baubereich 6 mittels der Zubringvorrichtung 10 usw. "Applying a powder layer 7 of powder particles on the in the previous step at least partially solidified layer on the build platform 14 in the construction area 6 by means of the feeder device 10, etc.
Bezugszeichenliste: LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS
1 Vorrichtung zum additiven Fertigung eines Bauteiles 1 device for the additive production of a component
2 Prozesskammer 2 process chamber
3 Vorratsvorrichtung für zu verfestigende Pulverpartikel 3 supply device for powder particles to be solidified
4 Strahlerzeugungsvorrichtung zur Erzeugung eines Elektronenstrahls 4 beam generating device for generating an electron beam
5 Plasmaerzeugungsvorrichtung zur Erzeugung eines Plasmas5 plasma generating device for generating a plasma
6 Baubereich 6 construction area
7 Pulverlage 7 powder layer
8, 8' Elektrodenpaar 8, 8 'electrode pair
9 Induktionsspule 9 induction coil
10 Zubringvorrichtung 10 feeder device
1 1 Ausbringöffnung der Plasmaerzeugungsvorrichtung 1 1 discharge opening of the plasma generating device
12 Magnetron 12 magnetrons
13 Bereitstellungseinheit für eine Prozessatmosphäre 13 Supply unit for a process atmosphere
14 Bauplattform 14 construction platform
15 Erdung 15 grounding
16 Bauteil 16 component
17 Nicht verfestigtes Pulver 17 Non-solidified powder
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| ATGM50006/2017U AT15648U1 (en) | 2017-01-17 | 2017-01-17 | Process for additive manufacturing |
| ATGM50006/2017 | 2017-01-17 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2018132854A1 true WO2018132854A1 (en) | 2018-07-26 |
Family
ID=61872447
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/AT2018/060008 Ceased WO2018132854A1 (en) | 2017-01-17 | 2018-01-09 | Method for additive manufacturing |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| AT (1) | AT15648U1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2018132854A1 (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111730157A (en) * | 2020-06-19 | 2020-10-02 | 中国石油大学(华东) | A new dual six-axis robot arc additive and argon EDM arc milling composite manufacturing device |
| WO2022136843A1 (en) * | 2020-12-22 | 2022-06-30 | Wayland Additive Limited | Additive manufacturing using powder bed fusion |
| CN115106266A (en) * | 2021-03-23 | 2022-09-27 | 本田技研工业株式会社 | Coating method and coating film curing device |
| GB2623957A (en) * | 2022-10-31 | 2024-05-08 | Wayland Additive Ltd | Additive manufacturing using powder bed fusion and high efficiency charge neutralisation |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102010034311A1 (en) * | 2010-08-13 | 2012-02-16 | Mtu Aero Engines Gmbh | Apparatus for manufacturing, repairing and/or replacing a component, comprises a powder production device for producing a powder, a powder processing device that solidifies the powder produced by the production device and a collecting unit |
| US20140370323A1 (en) * | 2011-12-28 | 2014-12-18 | Arcam Ab | Method and apparatus for increasing the resolution in additively manufactured three-dimensional articles |
| WO2016011294A2 (en) * | 2014-07-18 | 2016-01-21 | Applied Materials, Inc. | Additive manufacturing with laser and gas flow |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE112015003164T5 (en) * | 2014-07-09 | 2017-04-20 | Applied Materials, Inc. | LAYERED HEATING, RAW HEATING, PLASMA HEATING AND MULTIPLE APPLICATION MATERIALS FOR ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING |
| WO2017004042A1 (en) * | 2015-06-29 | 2017-01-05 | Applied Materials, Inc. | Temperature controlled additive manufacturing |
-
2017
- 2017-01-17 AT ATGM50006/2017U patent/AT15648U1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2018
- 2018-01-09 WO PCT/AT2018/060008 patent/WO2018132854A1/en not_active Ceased
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102010034311A1 (en) * | 2010-08-13 | 2012-02-16 | Mtu Aero Engines Gmbh | Apparatus for manufacturing, repairing and/or replacing a component, comprises a powder production device for producing a powder, a powder processing device that solidifies the powder produced by the production device and a collecting unit |
| US20140370323A1 (en) * | 2011-12-28 | 2014-12-18 | Arcam Ab | Method and apparatus for increasing the resolution in additively manufactured three-dimensional articles |
| WO2016011294A2 (en) * | 2014-07-18 | 2016-01-21 | Applied Materials, Inc. | Additive manufacturing with laser and gas flow |
Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111730157A (en) * | 2020-06-19 | 2020-10-02 | 中国石油大学(华东) | A new dual six-axis robot arc additive and argon EDM arc milling composite manufacturing device |
| WO2022136843A1 (en) * | 2020-12-22 | 2022-06-30 | Wayland Additive Limited | Additive manufacturing using powder bed fusion |
| GB2602458B (en) * | 2020-12-22 | 2023-01-18 | Wayland Additive Ltd | Additive manufacturing using powder bed fusion |
| CN116710284A (en) * | 2020-12-22 | 2023-09-05 | 威兰增材制造有限公司 | Additive Manufacturing Using Powder Bed Fusion |
| CN116710284B (en) * | 2020-12-22 | 2024-12-24 | 威兰增材制造有限公司 | Additive manufacturing using powder bed melting |
| US12472561B2 (en) | 2020-12-22 | 2025-11-18 | Wayland Additive Limited | Additive manufacturing using powder bed fusion |
| CN115106266A (en) * | 2021-03-23 | 2022-09-27 | 本田技研工业株式会社 | Coating method and coating film curing device |
| GB2623957A (en) * | 2022-10-31 | 2024-05-08 | Wayland Additive Ltd | Additive manufacturing using powder bed fusion and high efficiency charge neutralisation |
| GB2623957B (en) * | 2022-10-31 | 2024-11-27 | Wayland Additive Ltd | Additive manufacturing using powder bed fusion and high efficiency charge neutralisation |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AT15648U1 (en) | 2018-04-15 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| WO2018132854A1 (en) | Method for additive manufacturing | |
| DE102010008960A1 (en) | Method and device for producing a three-dimensional object that is particularly suitable for use in microtechnology | |
| EP3166741B9 (en) | Method for producing a component | |
| EP3322554A1 (en) | Method for the additive manufacture of metallic components | |
| EP2849185B1 (en) | Contact materials for use in on-board high-voltage direct-current systems | |
| EP3570973B1 (en) | Additive manufacturing process | |
| EP2415331B1 (en) | Method and beam generator for creating a bundled plasma beam | |
| DE102016224974A1 (en) | A method for producing high density solid electrolyte thin film and use of a room temperature high speed powder coating method | |
| EP2708304A2 (en) | Generative cold welding methods and generative cold welding device | |
| EP2695725A1 (en) | Electrostatic powder application in a generative production method and device for same | |
| EP2425445B1 (en) | Method for producing a plasma jet and plasma source | |
| DE2831791C2 (en) | Component made of metallic material with a surface at risk of being charged and use therefor | |
| DE102013226257A1 (en) | Process for the production of contact material pieces for vacuum interrupters | |
| EP3078246A1 (en) | Method for forming an electrically conductive structure on a plastic substrate | |
| EP4003624A1 (en) | Method and electron beam equipment for processing powdered materials at high acceleration voltages | |
| WO2014044431A1 (en) | Production of a refractory metal component | |
| DE4204193A1 (en) | Electrolytic capacitor prodn. - by coating capacitor foil and/or anode body using sputtering process | |
| DE102008018589A1 (en) | Method and device for igniting an arc | |
| DE102024121424B3 (en) | Device and method for powder bed-based additive manufacturing processes using induction | |
| DE102019208836B4 (en) | Process for the production of complex three-dimensional components | |
| DE102018220173B4 (en) | Device and method for producing reduced metal surfaces | |
| DE19746332C2 (en) | Device for coating components or other materials | |
| DE102023134757A1 (en) | PRODUCTION AND USE OF GRAPHEN-COPPER COMPOSITE POWDERS | |
| DE102009002320A1 (en) | Reduction of the electrical contact resistance of a surface of a metallic body | |
| DE102018220928A1 (en) | Improvement of the surface properties of contact materials |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 18700705 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
| NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |
|
| 122 | Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase |
Ref document number: 18700705 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |