WO2018132040A1 - Hydraulic turbine - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to hydraulic turbines powered by the energy of a natural flow of water and having different speeds and capacities, and can be used in the industrial generation of electricity without the construction of dams. A turbine comprises a shaft with blades rigidly mounted thereon. The blades consist of straight vanes and can correspond lengthwise to the widthwise relief of a river bed. The ends of the blades can be curved in different directions with different depths and angles of inclination. Lateral fins of different lengths are vertically mounted on the curved portions, along the widthwise extremities of a blade. An arcuate trough, the arc of which is oriented with the flow of the river, is arranged beneath the turbine. At least two air rims for retarding an air mass are hermetically and mechanically mounted on the shaft or on a disk. A turbine is built across the entire width of a river, or several turbines are mounted such as to span the entire width of a river. The turbines can be moved apart to allow navigation. The invention is intended to increase the efficiency of hydraulic turbines.

Description

 HYDRAULIC TURBINE

The invention relates to hydraulic turbines operating from the energy of a natural water stream with various speeds and powers, and can be used in industrial power generation without the construction of dams. And it can be used both on lakes and rivers, and on the coasts of the sea and ocean.

 A well-known turbine, improved by Pelton in I860 and containing a wheel rotor, on which several bucket blades are mounted, is driven by a hard stream of water from a nozzle (see Twywell J., Weir A. “Renewable Energy Sources”, M., Energoatomizdat, publ. 1990, p. 181).

 The disadvantages of this turbine are low power due to the fact that the bucket blades when entering the water jet meet a lot of resistance, which reduces the work of the previous blade. When moving the blade, the jet of water goes under the blade, leading to an unjustified flow of water and, accordingly, to a decrease in efficiency. The Pelton hydroturbine requires the artificial pressure of water and, consequently, the construction of a dam or the derivation of water, which increases the cost of electricity and leads to further environmental consequences.

 Active hydraulic turbine published on 04/27/2011 Bull. 12, where the blades are extended by means of springs, and equipped with electromagnetic shutters

 The technical result of the invention is the creation of an efficient and easy-to-manufacture turbine that allows the use of bottomless natural resources and does not harm the environment.

 The hydraulic turbine includes a horizontally located shaft, the shaft is installed along the river. The shaft is equipped with a disk on which the blades are uniformly mechanically installed over the entire radius, so that the blades are immersed in water, and so that the blades do not reach the bottom slightly along the length. The blades are made in the form of DIRECT plates and are mechanically fixed to the disk. The blades in the limbs in length can be bent in different directions. The blades bent by different angles and lengths, as well as the blades can be arched in length, for each turbine in a different way, depending on the features of the turbine. The blades are curved so that when immersed they do not interfere with the rotation of the turbine.

 The blades on the disk are mounted centered on the shaft, and there may also be an eccentric relation to the shaft. The extremities of the blade can be bifurcated starting from bending, or in the final part of the mechanical plate, curved tips are installed with bending to the other side than the blades. Tips can be with the same material as the blades, and are installed along the entire width of the blade.

 Also, at the end of a straight blade in length, you can install two tips bent to different sides, the front (P NL - front tip of the blade) which is inclined towards immersion in water, and the rear (ZNL - rear tip of the blade) curved back. P NL and ZNL on each blade can be several rows, and the installation at different distances from the shaft.

 The front and rear tips can be different, both in length and in slope, they can be more arched, or other known shape.

Lateral krill are mechanically mounted on the tips. The krill on the one hand repeat the bend of the added tips of the blade and are attached to them, and on the other hand, straight or arched. The length of krill is different; krill can be established starting at the rim level or starting at the disc. Krill can be installed in different places along the width of the blade as stiffeners. Krill made of flat metal or other durable material and installed vertically.

 PNL is designed to block the air in the right amount when immersed in water, so that the air occupies the volume between the blades. Water occupies the volume left, which is much less than the natural flow, as a result of which, the flow rate is added. ZNL is designed so that before leaving the water under the blades the air mass is delayed, so that it pushes the blades out of the water and promotes rotation.

 Efficiency increases with the fact that the blades in the limbs of the turbines repeat the relief of the river bottom in width. To increase the efficiency, a turbine is built along the entire width of the river, or several turbines are installed so that it covers the entire width of the river

 The eccentric blades on the disk are installed so that the part that is fixed to the disk is the last to be immersed. When immersed between the blades, the disk and the rim, a pocket is formed for the accumulation of air, which, when leaving the water, mixes under the transmitting blades and squeezes the blade out of the water.

 The blades can be strengthened with the help of a vein, which is mechanically mounted on one disk from one end and fixed to flat blades along the length, the number and power of veins for each turbine is combed individually. The veins can be from different materials and different profiles. The veins can also be sliding, in various known ways. The veins of the sliding part can be connected to the ZNL and PNL to move the latter along the blades. Sliding veins are provided with an automatic machine and are moved apart in various known ways.

 There may be a small distance between the disk and the blade, or the blade plates are fixed to the disk.

 The disk can be in the form of a metal pipe, the entire length of the turbine and hermetically closed on both sides with plugs. Half-shafts can be installed on the plugs of the disk in the middle on both sides. The diameter of the disc is selected individually. The disc can simultaneously served as a float for a turbine.

 The shaft is mounted on at least two vertical bearings, so that the shaft is completely and the disk is partially or completely above the water.

 The shaft supports can be of two parts, a support in water and a support stand from the top. The shaft lays in the support racks on the pillows articulated. Supports are installed in water or ashore. The stand on the supports are installed mechanically. High support posts with long ropes are fixed to the terrain.

 Supporting stands for the shaft can rotate around its axis, for sliding turbines. The shaft can be unfastened from the support for movement, in various known ways, and the turbine scroll around another support 90 ° upstream, or 90 ° against the currents, to ensure movement of the vessel. The movement of the structure around the support is ensured by long ropes (winch), which are installed so that it can easily tighten the structure to an additional support, which is designed to temporarily support the structure during navigation.

 An additional support is installed in the river so as to ensure reliability and so that the shaft can fasten and rotate on it.

The tightening rope is provided with an electric motor and a drum for the rope, and is installed on an additional support if the latter is installed upstream than the turbine. If the additional support is downstream, then the winch is installed on that support from which the shaft is unfastened. To maintain the structure above water, when moving horizontally and vertically, the rims are hermetically sealed to the disk or shaft, the number and size of the rims are different and calculated separately and so that the structure is kept afloat, at the right level and does not lose balance.

 The air rims also retain the air mass under the blades during rotation, the turbine. The blade plates are fixed to the rim, to strengthen the structure, and for tightness.

 The design of the support column in various known ways can move up or down to ensure safety when the rivers are raised from flooding.

 On rivers where the level fluctuation is not great, pillows are installed on pillars to simplify the process of unfastening and fastening the shaft. The shaft can be mounted on one support, so that the support is in the middle of the shaft, and the turbines are installed on two sides of the shaft.

 Reinforced concrete pallets are installed under the turbine, which serve to maintain a minimum gap between the blades and the bottom of the river in order to reduce the loss of water force. The support and the pallet can be monolithic, one single.

 The pallets for the construction are arcuate along the river, so that the blades enter the arcuate part, and do not rotate at a great distance from the pallet, and so that at least one blade is always located in the radius of the pallet to increase the efficiency. Pallets are immersed in water in advance or built on the spot, from any possible material (concrete, metal, stone, ....).

 The pan and blades across the width of the river can be arched and repeat the relief of the river in width.

 On the pallet, the arcuate part is made of metal, which is pivotally attached to the fixed part of the pallet on one side, and on the other hand through the lever to the shaft, so that when water enters, it maintains the gap between the turbine and the pallet.

 The movement of the generator is transmitted in various known ways, the generator can also be built-in.

 The invention is illustrated by the following Figures.

 Figure N ° 1 is shown in the location of the pallet with respect to the turbine and a possible arrangement of the blade where:

 1, 2,3,5 and b - blades;

 4 - pallet;

 7 - floating rim;

 13 - a long rope for a support rack;

 Figure N ° 2 shows the passage of air through the turbine, and part of the pan is curved movable where:

 16 - disk

 7- bezel

 23 - the moving part of the pallet

 24 - lever

 9 - possible volume of air passing through the turbine

 Figure N ° 3 shows one turbine, a variant is possible where:

 10 - additional bezel

 8 - shaft

 15 - vein for reinforcing the blade

 14 - supporting racks under the shaft

17 - pulley 12 - support

 Figure NQ 4 shows a diagram of the location of the turbines along the width of the rivers with a sliding one turbine, where:

 21, 22 and 26 - support under the shaft

 18, 20 and 25 - pillows under the shaft

 19 - sliding turbine

 Figure Ns 5 turbine, which repeats the relief of the bottom of the river, a possible option.

 Figure N ° b shows a possible variant of successive turbines along the length of the river. Figure Ns 7 shows a stand where the shaft can mix in height, where:

 14 - support stand

 28 - guide

 28 - shaft mountings

 Figure N ° 8 shows one embodiment of an eccentric blade with added tips where:

 9 - air area S

 29 - wing on PNL

 30 - wing on ZNL

 31 - the estimated level of drive,

 32 - PNL

 33 - ZNL

 34bottom dead center

 A turbine containing a vertical shaft 8 on which the blades 1,2,3,5 and 6 are rigidly mounted differs in that the blades consist of straight plates and can follow the width of the bottom of the river along the length. The blades in the limb can be curved in different directions, the depth and angle of inclination are different, or two tips 32 and 33 are installed on the straight blade along the entire width of the blade and curved in different directions to hold air, one 32 when immersed to fit the cross, and the second 33 to add rotation speed at the exit from the water. On the curved parts along the edges at the width of the blade, side krill 29 and 30 are installed, the length of the wings is different. The blades can be installed eccentrically, to reduce the wadi's throughput of the turbine in one revolution. Under the turbine, an arc-shaped tray 4 is built, with an arc 23 along the river, to control the gap between the turbine and the bottom of the river, to reduce the cost of driving force. The tray 4 is constructed so that at least one blade is always located in the radius of the tray for a minimum distance. The pallet is arched, part 23 is movable, which is mounted on one side of the fixed part of the pallet 4 pivotally (not shown), and on the other side through a lever 24

pivotally attached to the shaft 8 to maintain the gap between the blades and the pallet when fluctuating the drop of water. At least two air rims 7 are installed on the shaft 8 or on the disk 16 to hold the air mass 9, and so that it is sufficient to maintain the level and balance of the structures above the water. When nailing and killing drive, the turbine along the support racks 14 is mixed in height, respectively. At least one turbine 19 may be sliding for navigation. And the shaft 8 is unfastened on one side on the pillow 12, to move the turbine along the river.

The veins 15 can be sliding. The occupied place of air is shown by a pin 9. The design works as follows:

 Water advances downstream on blades 5 and b from top to bottom. And on the other hand, from the back (downstream), Water presses on the blades 1, 2 and 3 from below and pushes out of the water and the turbine rotates. Water acts on the blades in only one direction, and the turbine rotates forcibly. When the blades are fused with the disk 1b and the side rim 10 and 7, when the turbine rotates between the disk and the blades, the air mass 9 remains, which prevents the filling of water between the blades at the river level. Which leads to the accumulation of water in front of the turbine, and in the area where the turbine is located, the speed of water passage increases, which leads to an increase in the speed of the turbine and efficiency. When necessary, the sliding vein 15 extends the rear or front tips in the right direction, lengthen or mark the distance from the shaft.

 With eccentric blades 34, water is pressed on the lower blades and the pressure on all blades is one way, the turbine rotates, the PNL 32 is first dipped into the water with side wing 29, which blocks the necessary part of air 9, air occupies the upper part in front of the blade, rim 7 and the disk 16, which are hermetically connected to the blade, hold the air mass, the blade reaches the bottom dead center 34, the water presses and compresses the air mass to the top, after the transition of point 34, the air mass is unclenched and spreads along the air flow with the blade going forward, and squeezing the blade towards the exit from the water, the further the blade rises, the pressure from below increases, since air begins to accumulate under ZNL 33, and the lever pressures air closer to the length of the blade, and pushes the blade out of the water, ZNL 33 acts as a float, and so take turns cadi blade. Since with the passage of air, the amount of passing water with one blade decreases. Therefore, the speed of the passage of the wadi is added, which leads to an increase in the speed of rotation of the turbine. The more air mass is behind, 9 the less the amount of water passing through one turbine per revolution. Given the contributing force: the air pressure on the blades at the exit, the force of the natural flow, the power of the accumulated water, the turbine rotates easily.

 The movement is transmitted to the generator in various known ways, and the generator can also be built-in.

 When lifting rivers after rain, the shaft 8, which is in the sliding cushion 25, rises up along the struts of the support 14 along the guide 28, the air rims 7; 10 and the swimming disk 1b rise with the nodding of water and raise the structure, and to kill the water go down together like a ship. When the water level fluctuates, the metal part of the pan 4, which is connected to the shaft 8 pivotally through the lever 23, moves with the shaft to maintain a gap between the blades and the pan.

For sliding turbines 19, the shaft 8 is detachable from the pillow 25. The winch tightens (which may be located on the support 21, not shown) the turbine against one side from the stand 26 to the additional stand 21 around the support stand 22, and fastens on the pillow 20 for the shaft. After navigation, the winch unwinds the rope and the turbine floats downstream to its original position. On the support 22, the shaft is pivotally mounted with reinforcement. Additional rack 21 may be located downstream, and the winch is located on rack 21, then the turbine floats upstream to the additional rack, and is drawn back against the stream. The motion is transmitted to the generator in various known ways; the generator can also be built-in.

 For the lake and the sea, turbines are installed in previously surveyed locations, given the main current, and floating turbines are installed in groups. In stormy winds, safe bays are pulled in.

Claims

FORMULA 1. A turbine containing a vertical shaft on which the blades are rigidly mounted differs in that the blades consist of straight plates and can follow the width of the bottom of the river along the length. 2. A turbine containing a vertical shaft on which the blades are rigidly mounted differs in that the blades in the limbs can be curved in different directions, the depth and angle of inclination are different, or two tips are installed on the straight blade across the entire width of the blade and curved in different directions, to hold air, one when immersed to fit the patency of the water, and the second to add rotation speed when leaving the water. 3. In part 2, it differs in that lateral krill are installed vertically on the curved parts on the edges of the blade width, the length of the wings is different. 4. A turbine containing a vertical shaft on which the blades are rigidly mounted differs in that the blades are mounted eccentrically and hermetically on the disk in order to reduce the throughput of the wadi through the turbine in one revolution. 5. A turbine containing a vertical shaft on which the blades are rigidly mounted differs in that an arcuate pan is built under the turbine, with an arc along the river to control the gap between the turbine and the river bottom, to reduce the cost of power. 6. Part 5 differs in that the pallet is constructed so that at least one blade is always located in the radius of the pallet at the minimum allowable distance. 7. A turbine comprising a vertical shaft on which the blades are rigidly mounted differs in that the arcuate part is often movable on the pallet, which is pivotally mounted on one side of the pallet on the fixed part of the pallet and pivotally connected to the shaft on the other side through the lever to maintain a clearance between the blades and a pan when hesitate to drop the drive. 8. A turbine containing a vertical shaft on which the blades are rigidly mounted differs in that at least two air rims are tightly and mechanically mounted on the shaft or on the disk to hold air mass, and so that the level and balance of structures above the water is sufficient to maintain . 9. A turbine containing a vertical shaft on which the blades are rigidly mounted differs in that the turbines, when nailing and killing, are mixed in height, respectively, along the support posts. 10 . A turbine comprising a vertical shaft on which a rigidly mounted blade is characterized in that at least one turbine can be sliding for navigation. 1 1. частиο of part 10 is characterized in that the shaft comes unfastened on one side on a support post for moving the turbine along the river. 12. A turbine containing a vertical shaft, on which the blade is rigidly installed is characterized in that it is provided with sliding veins.