WO2018129629A1 - Electricity generation using an electric tornado system - Google Patents
Electricity generation using an electric tornado system Download PDFInfo
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- WO2018129629A1 WO2018129629A1 PCT/CL2018/050004 CL2018050004W WO2018129629A1 WO 2018129629 A1 WO2018129629 A1 WO 2018129629A1 CL 2018050004 W CL2018050004 W CL 2018050004W WO 2018129629 A1 WO2018129629 A1 WO 2018129629A1
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- Prior art keywords
- air
- thermal
- tubular
- forced convection
- renewable energies
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G6/00—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy
- F03G6/06—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy with solar energy concentrating means
- F03G6/068—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy with solar energy concentrating means having other power cycles, e.g. Stirling or transcritical, supercritical cycles; combined with other power sources, e.g. wind, gas or nuclear
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
- F03D9/30—Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
- F03D9/34—Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations on stationary objects or on stationary man-made structures
- F03D9/35—Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations on stationary objects or on stationary man-made structures within towers, e.g. using chimney effects
- F03D9/37—Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations on stationary objects or on stationary man-made structures within towers, e.g. using chimney effects with means for enhancing the air flow within the tower, e.g. by heating
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
- F03D9/30—Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
- F03D9/48—Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations using landscape topography, e.g. valleys
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
- Y02E10/46—Conversion of thermal power into mechanical power, e.g. Rankine, Stirling or solar thermal engines
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/70—Wind energy
- Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/70—Wind energy
- Y02E10/728—Onshore wind turbines
Definitions
- the present invention falls within the energy field, specifically in the generation of energy by non-conventional renewable sources (NCRE), such as the generation of electrical energy by air convection.
- NCRE non-conventional renewable sources
- NCRE non-conventional renewable energy
- thermodynamics by convection (US 4,275,309), which consists of heating a surface of land with the sun which causes a heating of the surrounding air which is directed towards a chimney causing a forced rise of the air through the chimney by convection, that forced air drives blades that rotate and generate electricity, as shown in Figure 1/5.
- This system is open, taking the ambient air and through the chimney delivers it to the environment as well.
- a similar system also open, operates, such as wind formation.
- the wind works through a mechanism of divergent air flows where hot air rises to areas where there is colder air generating a flow.
- the atmospheric conditions operate with low and high pressure centers, as can be seen in Figure 2/5, where in the core of the air column there is a low pressure center which makes the air flow in a circular way .
- circular hot air rises in the air column to colder divergence areas, generating air flows.
- convection power generation technologies have been perfected, introducing variables for the optimization of power generation turbines, as presented in WO 2012/014241, in which a structure for energy production is presented electrical by renewable sources such as wind and sun due to the generation of an air current that moves within a compartment from the bottom to the top due to the difference in the air pressure that is created artificially and by the use of heat induced by solar radiation on thermoelectric organs that can convert heat into electrical energy by the flow of air that circulates within the same controlled room.
- convection refers to a form of heat transfer and is characterized in that it is produced by means of a fluid (liquid or gas) that transports heat between areas with different temperatures. Convection occurs only through fluid materials. What is called convection itself is the transport of heat through the movement of the fluid. Heat transfer involves the transport of heat in one volume and the mixing of macroscopic elements of hot and cold portions of a gas or liquid. It also includes the exchange of energy between a solid surface and a fluid or by means of a pump, a fan or other mechanical device (mechanical, forced or assisted convection).
- a center or / or low pressure area to an area where the normalized pressure is lower with respect to the average pressure that a closed circuit can contain, with a given volume.
- a solar or geothermal source to conventional non-traditional energy sources where the generating agent of that energy is the solar source and / or the thermal difference generated by the tectonic activity produced in the deep or shallow subsoil.
- the support of the solar towers is self-supported (having to have an important structural engineering) unlike the present patent where the natural slope where the system is arranged is used.
- thermodynamics where a closed air circuit is available which circulates forcefully through the thermodynamic convection phenomenon, uses an air compressor, an expansion chamber where thermal energy is injected, in its solar form or geothermal, a turbine that is driven by the flow of thermodynamically generated air, thus transforming the movement of air into angular kinetic energy, which is transported by a metal shaft to an electric generator by driving it to produce electricity.
- the air is contained in closed tubular sleeves in the form of joined rings, supported on a slope, such as the side of a mountain, with a vertical height that ranges from 100 meters to 100,000 meters, preferably about 1 000 meters approximately , so in the case of the surface in a mountain, the contained air that rises by the capture of heat in the base, is compressed by the compressor, then enters the expansion chamber, this expansion chamber is injected with thermal energy collected by solar panels or generated by geothermal energy, which causes the air in the chamber to heat up causing an expansion that results in an increase in pressure, causing an air rise action that drives a turbine, the air continues to rise to highest point of the sleeves where they are separated, at that point there are heatsinks that cool the air causing it to descend through the side sleeves by thermodynamic effect dynamic, until reaching the base of the sleeves where ambient heat collectors are located which causes the air to rise again, this time through the central union of the tubular sleeves, raising the air and returning to the compressor where the circuit is repeated .
- Air is captured by a 3-stage compressor (2) which compresses the air in the thermal expansion chamber 2 (3) In this chamber the air expands when tempered by the action of thermal injection obtained from the solar or geothermal source ( 4).
- Thermal expansion 2 (3) generates action on the 3-stage turbine (5), transforming air energy into angular kinetic energy.
- the tempered air continues to rise until it reaches the dissipation point (6), where the air cools.
- thermodynamic effect descends channeled by the external part of the tubular sleeves, this being the action that generates kinetic energy to the encapsulated air circuit.
- the air Once the air reaches the base of the tubular sleeves (7), it enters the thermal collection area 1 (1), where the air is tempered generating its ascent incorporating kinetic energy to the encapsulated air circuit.
- This component forms the complete air capsule. Its shape must be cylindrical either circular, rectangular or other, which allows the least resistance to air in circulation.
- This sleeve must have a layer of thermal insulation and / or directly of some material that has a lambda thermal conductivity better than 0.034 W / (m * K), with a thickness such that the thermal losses do not exceed 5%.
- the resistance of the materiality of this sleeve must be such that it allows its direct installation on the side of a hill and / or supported by concrete piles, it must allow temperature fluctuations, elasticity and mechanical stress.
- the distribution of the tubular sleeve throughout the system is in the form of double zero with a shared side, where the shared side is the central tubular sleeve and the two external tubular sleeves are the non-shared sides of the zeros, where, the air it flows up the central sleeve and converges down the outer tubular sleeves.
- This component is housed in the area (B) of the sleeves at its base.
- They are mainly of a material of high thermal conductivity.
- Preferred materials include copper, aluminum, among other metals and alloys; and its function is to drive the outside ambient temperature of the sleeve towards the inside of the sleeve by means of diffusers to temper the cold air.
- This component generally has an internal tubular structure and an external structure with surface increase, this means that the external structure comprises any configuration where the area for exchanging calories is amplified.
- This component is housed in area A of the sleeves, at the top of the system. They consist mainly of a material with high thermal conductivity. Preferred materials include copper, aluminum, among other metals and alloys; and its function is to drive the temperature of the air inside the sleeve towards the cold environment, so that the air inside the sleeve is cooled.
- This component generally has an internal tubular structure and an external structure with an increase in surface area, this means that The external structure includes any configuration where the area for exchanging calories is amplified.
- This component has the function of receiving the heated rising air and compressing it towards the expansion chamber.
- the compressor is composed of a rotor and a stator, of 1 or more stages, which rotates with a central axis. Another feature of the present compressor is that it is of the "step" type, as in the turbines of an airplane and how they operate, without being restrictive to only this type of compressors or modifications in the same compressors. This compressor is arranged after the tubular heatsinks, in the central tubular sleeve. 5.- Expansion Chamber
- This component has the function of receiving the air from the compressor, housing it and expanding it by means of temperature diffusers located inside this chamber.
- These diffusers are mainly copper coils or other materials with high thermal transmission capacity, through which a liquid circulates inside, such as water, distilled water, demineralized water, deionized water, liquid salts and their derivatives, brines and their derivatives , oils and their derivatives, silicones, glycol and its derivatives or mixtures, or any liquid with the ability to transfer heat previously captured by solar panels, an example of preference is glycol, although not restricted to just this compound.
- This chamber is arranged between the compressor and the turbine.
- This component can by function be driven by the effect of the expansion force of the air in the expansion chamber. It transforms the expansive force of the air into angular kinetic energy. This angular kinetic energy is transmitted to the central axis as the driving force.
- the turbine is composed of a stator and a rotor, of 1 or more stages.
- the type of turbine selected depends on its ability to handle low revolutions, such as a gas turbine of low revolutions, without restricting this case to other alternatives and modifications.
- the drive shaft connects the rotors of the compressor and the turbine, receiving the driving force in order to transmit it to the electric generator, also comprising a cardan.
- This drive shaft is standard, made of reinforced steel that connects the electric generator through a clutch transmission system.
- the electricity generator is driven by the drive shaft, and by turning it transforms angular energy into electricity.
- This electricity is transmitted to the consumption by means of copper wire.
- the thermal solar panels are located under the base of the sleeves to capture solar thermal energy and lead it to the expansion chamber by means of copper coils.
- the geothermal heat pump is complementary and allows to obtain thermal energy from the earth and transmit it to the expansion chamber by means of copper coils.
- This pump can be powered by electrical energy produced by the electric generator itself and / or from an external network. Physical mechanisms of the forces that are generated inside the encapsulated air sleeve. By thermal convection, the air is cooled by heat sinks, this process allows the air to cool, become denser and lower due to gravity.
- the air thus arrives with speed and kinetic energy, by convection, at the base of the sleeves, being the first source of energy considered inside the capsule.
- the air Arriving at the base of the sleeve, the air enters the room temperature collection area, when the air is tempered (temperature increase) it becomes less dense and tends to rise, generating kinetic energy by convection until it reaches the compressor, being the second energy source considered inside the encapsulated system.
- the compressor compresses the air inside the expansion chamber, where thermal energy is injected that increases the air pressure inside the chamber, generating an action force that will be released towards the turbine. This is the third source of energy considered within the encapsulated system.
- the encapsulation of the air in a closed circuit allows the sum of the forces, one helping the other, generating an endless movement of the air inside the capsule.
- This figure presents a diagram of the operation of the electric tornado system. It represents the system arranged on a mountain with an approximate elevation of 1000 meters (with a thermal gradient between 6 and 8 degrees Celsius), using an average sleeve of 6 meters in diameter.
- This figure represents a technical drawing of the distribution of the system in a top view with each of its parts and pieces.
- this compressor can have different stages, preference three.
- this turbine can have different stages, preferably three.
- This figure shows the system arranged in its optimal position on the side of a hill.
- tubular thermal collector (2) Compressor, this compressor can have different stages, preferably three.
- this turbine can have different stages, preferably three.
- the internal diameter of all the tubes is 6 meters, the thickness of the contour of the tubes is 10 cm.
- the material of the tubes is polypropylene PPR coated in expanded polyurethane and all covered with aluminum foil.
- the total volume of the circuit is greater than 122,000 m3. 2.- As described herein, in the lower part of the central axis the compressor system, expansion chamber and turbine were arranged, all mounted on a steel shaft which extends beyond the sleeve by its bottom.
- the compressor is specific for this purpose, which corresponds to a rotary blade air compressor, three-stage rotor and stator interleaved.
- the diameter of the compressor, expansion chamber and turbine system is 5.8 meters, its architecture is as shown in the figures presented in the descriptive, straight and linear memory. Its outer coating is the same as described for the rest of the tubes. It is supported on a steel structure by means of a steel shaft which rotates on bearings.
- the turbine is specific for this purpose, which corresponds to a rotating air turbine with three-stage stator and rotor interleaved.
- the diffuser is a unique aluminum structure with one part inside the tube the other part outside the tube. It then fulfills the function of thermally connecting the internal air of the tube with the outside, producing thermal exchange.
- the sensor is a unique aluminum structure with one part inside the tube the other part outside the tube. It then fulfills the function of thermally connecting the internal air of the tube with the outside, producing thermal exchange. 5.
- - Gates are arranged in the outgoing curves of the upper part of the circuit and in the incoming curves of the lower part of the circuit. For this test, these compounds are operated manually.
- the gates are curves following the shape of the tube, specifically rectangular arc curves of 3 meters and 10 meters long. Its operation is manual in this application and fit with bolts.
- the air increases its temperature in the incoming curves of the central axis of the circuit, becoming lighter and generating the rising pulse.
- the heat introduced, between 10 to 20 GJ in the expansion chamber favors the rise momentum.
- the joint action of hot air rise plus cold air drops generates a continuous force within the circuit during the day and night, differentiating in this application due to the absence of additional heat in the expansion chamber during the night, which is optionally solved with a night heat generation system such as the geothermal system.
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Abstract
Description
Generación de Electricidad por el Sistema Tornado Eléctrico Electricity Generation by the Tornado Electric System
Campo Técnico de la Invención La presente invención cae dentro del campo energético, específicamente en la generación de energía por fuentes renovables no convencionales (ERNC), tal como la generación de energía eléctrica por convección de aire. Resumen de la Invención Technical Field of the Invention The present invention falls within the energy field, specifically in the generation of energy by non-conventional renewable sources (NCRE), such as the generation of electrical energy by air convection. Summary of the Invention
Utilizando la geografía natural de la cordillera y los principios básicos de la termodinámica y las leyes de Newton, es posible emular la formación atmosférica de un tornado con el propósito de generar, de manera controlada, energía cinética angular la cual se extrae en forma de electricidad. Using the natural geography of the mountain range and the basic principles of thermodynamics and Newton's laws, it is possible to emulate the atmospheric formation of a tornado with the purpose of generating, in a controlled manner, angular kinetic energy which is extracted in the form of electricity .
Descripción del estado del arte Description of the state of the art
La generación de electricidad en Chile se encuentra basada en la producción a través de Hidroelectricidad y a través de la generación termoeléctrica, ambas con una participación sobre un 95% de la generación, siendo las ERNC (energías renovables no convencionales) con menos del 5% de generación. Dentro de las ERNC conocidas se encuentran la generación de energía por fuerza Eólica y Fotovoltaica, Mareomotriz, Geotérmica, entre otras The generation of electricity in Chile is based on production through hydroelectricity and through thermoelectric generation, both with a share of 95% of the generation, being the NCRE (non-conventional renewable energy) with less than 5% of generation. Within the known NCRE are the generation of energy by Wind and Photovoltaic, Mareomotive, Geothermal, among others
En el mundo existen variadas soluciones de ERNC en desarrollo, pero ninguna aún con la capacidad de desarrollo industrial tal que permita el reemplazo de una fuerte convencional por las energías renovables no convencionales. In the world there are several solutions of ERNC in development, but none yet with the capacity of industrial development such that it allows the replacement of a strong conventional by the non-conventional renewable energies.
Existe en el estado del arte una solución de termodinámica por convección (US 4,275,309), la cual consiste en calentar una superficie de terreno con el sol lo que provoca un calentamiento del aire circundante el que se encamina hacia una chimenea provocando un ascenso forzado del aire por la chimenea por convección, ese aire forzado acciona unas aspas que giran y generan electricidad, tal como se muestra en la figura 1 /5. Este sistema es abierto, tomando el aire del ambiente y mediante la chimenea lo entrega al medio ambiente también. In the state of the art there is a solution of thermodynamics by convection (US 4,275,309), which consists of heating a surface of land with the sun which causes a heating of the surrounding air which is directed towards a chimney causing a forced rise of the air through the chimney by convection, that forced air drives blades that rotate and generate electricity, as shown in Figure 1/5. This system is open, taking the ambient air and through the chimney delivers it to the environment as well.
En la naturaleza opera un sistema similar, también abierto, como es la formación del viento. En general el viento funciona a través de un mecanismo de flujos de aire divergente donde el aire caliente sube hacia áreas donde hay aire más frió generando un flujo. Para esto las condiciones atmosféricas operan con centros de baja y alta presión, tal como se puede ver en la figura 2/5, donde en el núcleo de la columna de aire hay un centro de baja presión lo cual hace fluir el aire en forma circular. Como se menciona previamente, el aire caliente en forma circular sube en la columna de aire hasta áreas de divergencia más frías, generando flujos de aire. In nature, a similar system, also open, operates, such as wind formation. In general the wind works through a mechanism of divergent air flows where hot air rises to areas where there is colder air generating a flow. For this, the atmospheric conditions operate with low and high pressure centers, as can be seen in Figure 2/5, where in the core of the air column there is a low pressure center which makes the air flow in a circular way . As mentioned previously, circular hot air rises in the air column to colder divergence areas, generating air flows.
Por otro lado, las tecnologías de generación eléctrica por convección se han perfeccionado, introduciendo variables para la optimización de las turbinas de generación eléctrica, como se presenta en el documento WO 2012/014241 , en el cual se presenta una estructura para la producción de energía eléctrica por fuentes renovables como el viento y el sol debido a la generación de una corriente de aire que se mueve dentro de un compartimento desde la parte inferior hasta la parte más alta debido a la diferencia de la presión del aire que se crea artificialmente y por la utilización del calor inducido por la radiación solar sobre órganos termoeléctricas que pueden convertir el calor en energía eléctrica por la corriente de aire que circula dentro de la misma habitación controlada. On the other hand, convection power generation technologies have been perfected, introducing variables for the optimization of power generation turbines, as presented in WO 2012/014241, in which a structure for energy production is presented electrical by renewable sources such as wind and sun due to the generation of an air current that moves within a compartment from the bottom to the top due to the difference in the air pressure that is created artificially and by the use of heat induced by solar radiation on thermoelectric organs that can convert heat into electrical energy by the flow of air that circulates within the same controlled room.
Con respecto a las torres solares, existe una amplia bibliografía, tal como los documentos US 4275309, CA 1023564 o WO 2004 036039 en donde todos los sistemas son abiertos, generando energía eléctrica con aerogeneradores movilizados por la convección del aire en la torre. With regard to solar towers, there is an extensive bibliography, such as documents US 4275309, CA 1023564 or WO 2004 036039 where all systems are open, generating electricity with wind turbines mobilized by the convection of air in the tower.
Descripción del Invento en General Description of the Invention in General
Debe notarse que el uso, aquí y en todo el texto que el singular no excluye el plural, salvo que en el contexto claramente lo implique. Entonces, por ejemplo, la referencia a un "elemento", es una referencia a uno o más elementos e incluye formas equivalentes conocidas por quienes conocen de la materia (el arte). Similarmente, como otro ejemplo, la referencia a "un paso", "una etapa" o a "un modo", es una referencia a uno o más pasos, etapas o modos y que puede incluir sub pasos, etapas o modos, implícitos y/o sobrevinientes. It should be noted that the use, here and throughout the text, that the singular does not exclude the plural, unless clearly implied in the context. So, for example, the reference to an "element" is a reference to one or more elements and includes equivalent forms known to those who know about the subject (art). Similarly, as another example, the reference to "one step", "one stage" or "one mode", is a reference to one or more steps, stages or modes and which may include sub steps, stages or modes, implicit and / or supervening
Todas las conjunciones usadas han de entenderse en su sentido menos restrictivo -más inclusivo- posible. Así, por ejemplo, la conjunción "o" debe entenderse en su sentido lógico ortodoxo, y no como un "o excluyente", salvo que el contexto o el texto expresamente lo necesite o indique. Las estructuras, materiales y/o elementos descritos han de entenderse que también se refieren a aquellos equivalentes funcionalmente y así evitar enumeraciones taxativas interminables. All the conjunctions used must be understood in their least restrictive-most inclusive-possible sense. Thus, for example, the conjunction "or" must be understood in its orthodox logical sense, and not as an "or exclusive", unless the context or text expressly needs or indicates it. The structures, materials and / or elements described must be understood to also refer to those functionally equivalent and thus avoid endless taxative enumerations.
Las expresiones usadas para indicar aproximaciones o conceptualizaciones deben entenderse así, salvo que el contexto mande una interpretación distinta. The expressions used to indicate approximations or conceptualizations should be understood as such, unless the context sends a different interpretation.
Todos los nombres y términos técnicos y/o científicos aquí empleados tienen el significado común que le otorga una persona común, calificada en estas materias, salvo indicación expresa, distinta. All the names and technical and / or scientific terms used here have the common meaning granted by a common person, qualified in these matters, unless expressly indicated, different.
Los métodos, técnicas, dispositivos, sistemas, equipos y materiales son descritos aunque métodos, técnicas, dispositivos, sistemas, equipos y materiales similares y/o equivalentes a los descritos pueden ser usados o preferidos en la práctica y/o pruebas de la presente invención. Las estructuras aquí descritas deben, también, entenderse que se refieren a cualquier estructura similar o funcionalmente equivalente. Se incorporaron previamente todas las patentes y otras publicaciones como referencias, con el propósito de describir y/o informar, por ejemplo, las metodologías descritas en dichas publicaciones, que puedan resultar útiles en relación con el presente invento. Se incluyen estas publicaciones sólo por su información previa a la fecha de registro de la presente solicitud de patente. The methods, techniques, devices, systems, equipment and materials are described although methods, techniques, devices, systems, equipment and materials similar and / or equivalent to those described may be used or preferred in the practice and / or tests of the present invention. . The structures described herein must also be understood to refer to any similar or functionally equivalent structure. All patents and other publications were previously incorporated as references, for the purpose of describing and / or informing, for example, the methodologies described in said publications, which may be useful in relation to the present invention. These publications are included only for their information prior to the date of registration of this patent application.
Utilizando el principio básico de usar fuentes de energía existentes en el medio ambiente, específicamente nos concentramos en disponer como fuentes energéticas, las diferencias térmicas del y/o dentro del suelo a diferentes alturas. Este suelo puede ser entendido desde una simple pendiente hasta el suelo en un ángulo de 90Q dentro del suelo. Using the basic principle of using existing energy sources in the environment, we specifically focus on arranging as thermal sources, the thermal differences of and / or inside the soil at different heights. This soil can be understood from a simple slope to the ground at an angle of 90 Q inside the ground.
En general, el termino convección se refiere a una forma de transferencia de calor y se caracteriza porque se produce por medio de un fluido (líquido o gas) que transporta el calor entre zonas con diferentes temperaturas. La convección se produce únicamente por medio de materiales fluidos. Lo que se llama convección en sí, es el transporte de calor por medio del movimiento del fluido. La transferencia de calor implica el transporte de calor en un volumen y la mezcla de elementos macroscópicos de porciones calientes y frías de un gas o un líquido. Se incluye también el intercambio de energía entre una superficie sólida y un fluido o por medio de una bomba, un ventilador u otro dispositivo mecánico (convección mecánica, forzada o asistida). In general, the term convection refers to a form of heat transfer and is characterized in that it is produced by means of a fluid (liquid or gas) that transports heat between areas with different temperatures. Convection occurs only through fluid materials. What is called convection itself is the transport of heat through the movement of the fluid. Heat transfer involves the transport of heat in one volume and the mixing of macroscopic elements of hot and cold portions of a gas or liquid. It also includes the exchange of energy between a solid surface and a fluid or by means of a pump, a fan or other mechanical device (mechanical, forced or assisted convection).
En la transferencia de calor libre o natural un fluido es más caliente o más frío y en contacto con una superficie sólida, causa una circulación debido a las diferencias de densidades que resultan del gradiente de temperaturas en el fluido. In the transfer of free or natural heat a fluid is hotter or colder and in contact with a solid surface, it causes a circulation due to differences in densities that result from the temperature gradient in the fluid.
Nos referiremos a un centro u/o área de baja presión a un área donde la presión normalizada es más baja con respecto a la presión promedio que puede contener un circuito cerrado, con un volumen determinado. We will refer to a center or / or low pressure area to an area where the normalized pressure is lower with respect to the average pressure that a closed circuit can contain, with a given volume.
Nos referiremos a fuente solar o geotérmica a fuentes de energía convencional no tradicional donde el agente generador de esa energía es la fuente solar y/o la diferencia térmica generada por la actividad tectónica producida en el subsuelo profundo o poco profundo. We will refer to a solar or geothermal source to conventional non-traditional energy sources where the generating agent of that energy is the solar source and / or the thermal difference generated by the tectonic activity produced in the deep or shallow subsoil.
Descripción del sistema específico Description of the specific system
La problemática de poder generar de manera eficiente y continua electricidad utilizando las energías renovables no convencionales, tal como los sistemas de convección natural, siempre han tenido el problema de las grandes superficies planas y altamente expuestas que se requieren para calentar el aire que atraviesa las turbinas. También, el nulo control que se puede ejercer sobre la radiación solar que reciben, muy diferentes en condiciones diurnas y nocturnas. The problem of being able to efficiently and continuously generate electricity using non-conventional renewable energies, such as natural convection systems, has always had the problem of large flat and highly exposed surfaces that are required to heat the air through the turbines. Also, the null control that can be exercised on the solar radiation they receive, very different in daytime and nighttime conditions.
Por otro lado, el soporte de las torres solares es auto-sustentado (teniendo que tener una ingeniería estructural importante) a diferencia de la presente patente en donde se utiliza la pendiente natural donde se disponga el sistema. On the other hand, the support of the solar towers is self-supported (having to have an important structural engineering) unlike the present patent where the natural slope where the system is arranged is used.
Los sistemas de generación eléctrica por convección abierta están expuestos a las variaciones naturales del viento y a las condiciones atmosféricas que en muchos casos pueden neutralizar el efecto deseado de la convección a diferencia de la presente patente en donde se encapsula la masa de aire circulante y solo se aprovechan las condiciones de gradiente térmica del medio ambiente por altura, que son estables, mediante el uso de los disipadores, de los captadores, de los colectores solares térmicos. The systems of electrical generation by open convection are exposed to the natural variations of the wind and to the atmospheric conditions that in many cases can neutralize the desired effect of the convection unlike the present patent where the mass of circulating air is encapsulated and only they take advantage of the conditions of thermal gradient of the environment by height, which are stable, through the use of heatsinks, collectors, solar thermal collectors.
La presente innovación está basada en la termodinámica, donde se dispone de un circuito cerrado de aire el cual circula forzadamente por el fenómeno termodinámico de convección, utiliza un compresor de aire, una cámara de expansión donde se es inyectada energía térmica, en su forma solar o geotérmica, una turbina que es accionada por el caudal de aire termodinámicamente generado, transformando así, el movimiento del aire en energía cinética angular, la cual es transportada mediante un eje metálico a un generador eléctrico accionándolo para producir electricidad. The present innovation is based on thermodynamics, where a closed air circuit is available which circulates forcefully through the thermodynamic convection phenomenon, uses an air compressor, an expansion chamber where thermal energy is injected, in its solar form or geothermal, a turbine that is driven by the flow of thermodynamically generated air, thus transforming the movement of air into angular kinetic energy, which is transported by a metal shaft to an electric generator by driving it to produce electricity.
El aire está contenido en mangas tubulares cerradas en forma de anillos unidos, apoyados en una pendiente, tal como la ladera de una montaña, con una altura vertical que comprende desde los 100 metros hasta los 100.000 metros, de preferencia unos 1 .000 metros aproximadamente, así para el caso de la superficie en una montaña, el aire contenido que asciende por la captura de calor en la base, es comprimido por el compresor, luego ingresa a la cámara de expansión, a esta cámara de expansión le es inyectada energía térmica colectada por paneles solares o generada por geotermia, lo que provoca que el aire en la cámara se caliente produciendo una expansión que se traduce en aumento de la presión, provocando una acción de ascenso del aire que acciona una turbina, el aire continua ascendiendo hasta el punto más alto de las mangas donde se separan, en ese punto se dispone de disipadores que enfrían el aire provocando que este descienda por las mangas laterales por efecto termodinámico, hasta llegar a la base de las mangas donde se ubican captadores de calor ambiente lo que provoca que el aire vuelva a subir, esta vez por la unión central de las mangas tubulares, ascendiendo el aire y volviendo al compresor donde se repite el circuito. The air is contained in closed tubular sleeves in the form of joined rings, supported on a slope, such as the side of a mountain, with a vertical height that ranges from 100 meters to 100,000 meters, preferably about 1 000 meters approximately , so in the case of the surface in a mountain, the contained air that rises by the capture of heat in the base, is compressed by the compressor, then enters the expansion chamber, this expansion chamber is injected with thermal energy collected by solar panels or generated by geothermal energy, which causes the air in the chamber to heat up causing an expansion that results in an increase in pressure, causing an air rise action that drives a turbine, the air continues to rise to highest point of the sleeves where they are separated, at that point there are heatsinks that cool the air causing it to descend through the side sleeves by thermodynamic effect dynamic, until reaching the base of the sleeves where ambient heat collectors are located which causes the air to rise again, this time through the central union of the tubular sleeves, raising the air and returning to the compressor where the circuit is repeated .
Se genera así una circulación infinita controlada dentro del circuito cerrado de las mangas tubulares. Este mecanismo de funcionamiento lo hemos denominado Tornado Eléctrico, por la similitud de funcionamiento con los tornados, y el aire en circulación sumado a la expansión provocada por la inyección de temperatura térmica, permite la generación de electricidad de manera limpia, eficiente, sin más alteración al medio ambiente que la ubicación de las mangas tubulares en la ladera de una montaña, que normalmente están desnudas. This generates a controlled infinite circulation within the closed circuit of the tubular sleeves. This mechanism of operation we have called Electric Tornado, because of the similarity of operation with tornadoes, and the air in circulation added to the expansion caused by the injection of thermal temperature, allows the generation of electricity in a clean, efficient way, without further alteration to the environment that the location of the tubular sleeves on the side of a mountain, which are normally bare.
El estado del arte actual no muestra una solución como esta, limpia, eficiente, no invasiva y por sobre todo renovable sin límite, al tratarse de recirculación de aire encapsulado no hay interacción mecánica con el medio ambiente. The current state of the art does not show a solution such as this one, clean, efficient, non-invasive and, above all, renewable without limit, since it is encapsulated air recirculation there is no mechanical interaction with the environment.
Principio de funcionamiento de la invención (figura 3/5): Principle of operation of the invention (Figure 3/5):
Por termodinámica básica, el aire al interior de las mangas tubulares (10) se eleva por captación térmica 1 (1 ) By basic thermodynamics, the air inside the tubular sleeves (10) is raised by thermal collection 1 (1)
Se captura es aire mediante compresor de 3 etapas (2) el que comprime el aire en la cámara de expansión térmica 2 (3) En esta cámara el aire se expande al temperarse por acción de la inyección térmica obtenida desde la fuente solar o geotérmica (4). Air is captured by a 3-stage compressor (2) which compresses the air in the thermal expansion chamber 2 (3) In this chamber the air expands when tempered by the action of thermal injection obtained from the solar or geothermal source ( 4).
La expansión térmica 2 (3) genera acción sobre la turbina de 3 etapas (5), transformando la energía del aire en energía cinética angular. El aire temperado sigue en ascenso hasta alcanzar el punto de disipación (6), donde se enfría el aire. Thermal expansion 2 (3) generates action on the 3-stage turbine (5), transforming air energy into angular kinetic energy. The tempered air continues to rise until it reaches the dissipation point (6), where the air cools.
El aire frío, por efecto termodinámico desciende canalizado por la parte externa de las mangas tubulares, siendo esta la acción que genera energía cinética al circuito de aire encapsulado. The cold air, by thermodynamic effect descends channeled by the external part of the tubular sleeves, this being the action that generates kinetic energy to the encapsulated air circuit.
Una vez el aire llega a la base de las mangas tubulares (7), ingresa al área de captación térmica 1 (1 ), donde el aire se tempera generando su ascenso incorporando energía cinética al circuito encapsulado de aire. Once the air reaches the base of the tubular sleeves (7), it enters the thermal collection area 1 (1), where the air is tempered generating its ascent incorporating kinetic energy to the encapsulated air circuit.
Al ingresar el aire al área del compresor de tres etapas (2), se repite el ciclo. La energía cinética, previamente generada se canaliza por un captador cinético 8, que comprende un cardan, el cual transmite esta energía a un generador eléctrico (9). When the air enters the three-stage compressor area (2), the cycle is repeated. The kinetic energy, previously generated, is channeled through a kinetic sensor 8, which comprises a cardan, which transmits this energy to an electric generator (9).
En consecuencia, se emula el funcionamiento de un tornado, generando energía cinética angular la cual se extrae en forma de electricidad. Consequently, the operation of a tornado is emulated, generating angular kinetic energy which is extracted in the form of electricity.
Descripción de los elementos Description of the elements
1 .- Manga Tubular Este componente conforma la capsula completa de aire. Su forma debe ser cilindrica ya sea circular, rectangular u otra, que permita la menor resistencia al aire en circulación. Esta manga debe disponer de una capa de aislación térmica y/o directamente de algún material que posea una conductividad térmica lambda mejor a 0,034 W/(m*K), con un espesor tal que las perdidas térmicas no superen el 5%. La resistencia de la materialidad de esta manga debe ser tal que permita su instalación directa en la ladera de un cerro y/o soportada por pilotes de concreto, debe permitir fluctuaciones de temperatura, elasticidad y soportar esfuerzos mecánicos. La distribución de la manga tubular en todo el sistema es en forma de doble cero con un lado compartido, donde el lado compartido, es la manga tubular central y las dos mangas tubulares externas son los lados no compartidos de los ceros, donde, el aire fluye hacia arriba por la manga central y converge descendiendo por las mangas tubulares externas. 1 .- Tubular Sleeve This component forms the complete air capsule. Its shape must be cylindrical either circular, rectangular or other, which allows the least resistance to air in circulation. This sleeve must have a layer of thermal insulation and / or directly of some material that has a lambda thermal conductivity better than 0.034 W / (m * K), with a thickness such that the thermal losses do not exceed 5%. The resistance of the materiality of this sleeve must be such that it allows its direct installation on the side of a hill and / or supported by concrete piles, it must allow temperature fluctuations, elasticity and mechanical stress. The distribution of the tubular sleeve throughout the system is in the form of double zero with a shared side, where the shared side is the central tubular sleeve and the two external tubular sleeves are the non-shared sides of the zeros, where, the air it flows up the central sleeve and converges down the outer tubular sleeves.
2.- Captador Térmico Tubular (1 ) 2.- Tubular Thermal Sensor (1)
Este componente se aloja en el área (B) de las mangas en su base. Son principalmente de un material de alta conductividad térmica. Los materiales de preferencia comprenden el cobre, aluminio, entre otros metales y aleaciones; y su función es conducir la temperatura ambiente exterior de la manga hacia el interior de la misma por medio de difusores para temperar el aire que viene frió. This component is housed in the area (B) of the sleeves at its base. They are mainly of a material of high thermal conductivity. Preferred materials include copper, aluminum, among other metals and alloys; and its function is to drive the outside ambient temperature of the sleeve towards the inside of the sleeve by means of diffusers to temper the cold air.
Este componente presenta en general una estructura interna tubular y una estructura externa con aumento de superficie, esto quiere decir que la estructura externa comprende cualquier configuración en donde se amplifique el área para intercambiar calorías. This component generally has an internal tubular structure and an external structure with surface increase, this means that the external structure comprises any configuration where the area for exchanging calories is amplified.
Dentro de los múltiples posibles dispositivos de captación térmica, se puede señalar que se busca los dispositivos que logren una transferencia térmica óptima y con baja pérdida térmica entre el aire al interior del sistema y el aire de la parte baja (área B). Within the multiple possible devices of thermal capture, it can be noted that the devices that achieve an optimal thermal transfer and with low thermal loss between the air inside the system and the air in the lower part (area B) are sought.
3.- Disipador térmico tubular (6) 3.- Tubular heatsink (6)
Este componente se aloja en el área A de las mangas, en la parte superior del sistema. Están constituidos principalmente de un material de alta conductividad térmica. Los materiales de preferencia comprenden el cobre, aluminio, entre otros metales y aleaciones; y su función es conducir la temperatura del aire al interior de la manga hacia el ambiente frío, de tal forma de que el aire al interior de la manga se enfríe. This component is housed in area A of the sleeves, at the top of the system. They consist mainly of a material with high thermal conductivity. Preferred materials include copper, aluminum, among other metals and alloys; and its function is to drive the temperature of the air inside the sleeve towards the cold environment, so that the air inside the sleeve is cooled.
Este componente presenta en general una estructura interna tubular y una estructura externa con aumento de superficie, esto quiere decir que la estructura externa comprende cualquier configuración en donde se amplifique el área para intercambiar calorías. This component generally has an internal tubular structure and an external structure with an increase in surface area, this means that The external structure includes any configuration where the area for exchanging calories is amplified.
Dentro de los múltiples posibles dispositivos de disipación térmica, se puede señalar que se buscan los dispositivos que logren una transferencia térmica óptima y con baja pérdida térmica entre el aire al interior del sistema y el aire de la parte alta (área A) Within the multiple possible devices of thermal dissipation, it can be noted that the devices that achieve an optimal thermal transfer and with low thermal loss between the air inside the system and the air in the upper part (area A) are sought
4.- Compresor de Aire 4.- Air Compressor
Este componente tiene por función recepcionar el aire ascendente temperado y comprimirlo hacia la cámara de expansión. This component has the function of receiving the heated rising air and compressing it towards the expansion chamber.
El compresor está compuesto por un rotor y un estator, de 1 o más etapas, que gira con eje central. Otra característica del presente compresor es que es del tipo de "paso", al igual que en las turbinas de un avión y en cómo operan, sin ser restrictivo a solo este tipo de compresores o modificaciones en los mismos compresores. Este compresor está dispuesto en forma posterior a los disipadores térmicos tubulares, en la manga tubular central. 5.- Cámara de Expansión The compressor is composed of a rotor and a stator, of 1 or more stages, which rotates with a central axis. Another feature of the present compressor is that it is of the "step" type, as in the turbines of an airplane and how they operate, without being restrictive to only this type of compressors or modifications in the same compressors. This compressor is arranged after the tubular heatsinks, in the central tubular sleeve. 5.- Expansion Chamber
Este componente tiene por función recibir el aire desde el compresor, alojarlo y expandirlo mediante difusores de temperatura ubicados al interior de esta cámara. Estos difusores son principalmente serpentines de cobre u otros materiales de alta capacidad de transmisión térmica, por donde circula un líquido en su interior, tal como, agua, agua destilada, agua desmineralizada, agua desionizada, sales líquidas y sus derivados, salmueras y sus derivados, aceites y sus derivados, siliconas, glicol y sus derivados o mezclas, o cualquier líquido con la capacidad de poder transferir calor captado previamente por los paneles solares, un ejemplo de preferencia es el glicol, aunque sin restringirse a solo este compuesto. This component has the function of receiving the air from the compressor, housing it and expanding it by means of temperature diffusers located inside this chamber. These diffusers are mainly copper coils or other materials with high thermal transmission capacity, through which a liquid circulates inside, such as water, distilled water, demineralized water, deionized water, liquid salts and their derivatives, brines and their derivatives , oils and their derivatives, silicones, glycol and its derivatives or mixtures, or any liquid with the ability to transfer heat previously captured by solar panels, an example of preference is glycol, although not restricted to just this compound.
Al temperar el aire, este se dilata y aumenta su presión en la cámara generando una fuerza de acción hacia la turbina, teniendo impedido el retorno, por efecto de la fuerza del compresor. Esta cámara, está dispuesta entre el compresor y la turbina. When the air is tempered, it expands and increases its pressure in the chamber, generating an action force towards the turbine, preventing its return, due to the compressor's force. This chamber is arranged between the compressor and the turbine.
6.- Turbina 6.- Turbine
Este componente tuene por función ser accionado por efecto de la fuerza de expansión del aire en la cámara de expansión. Transforma así en energía cinética angular la fuerza expansiva del aire. Esta energía cinética angular se transmite al eje central como fuerza motriz. La turbina está compuesta por un estator y un rotor, de 1 o más etapas. This component can by function be driven by the effect of the expansion force of the air in the expansion chamber. It transforms the expansive force of the air into angular kinetic energy. This angular kinetic energy is transmitted to the central axis as the driving force. The turbine is composed of a stator and a rotor, of 1 or more stages.
El tipo de turbina seleccionado depende de su capacidad de manejar bajas revoluciones, tal como una turbina a gas de bajas revoluciones, sin restringir este caso a otras alternativas y modificaciones. The type of turbine selected depends on its ability to handle low revolutions, such as a gas turbine of low revolutions, without restricting this case to other alternatives and modifications.
7.- Compuertas de alivio En las mangas tubulares externas y antes de los componentes de disipación y captación térmicas se alojan compuertas que permiten cerrar o abrir el circuito encapsulado de aire, permitiendo aliviar el circuito cerrado en caso de ser necesario. 8.- Eje motriz o captador cinético 7.- Relief gates In the external tubular sleeves and before the thermal dissipation and collection components, dampers are housed that allow closing or opening the encapsulated air circuit, allowing the closed circuit to be relieved if necessary. 8.- Drive shaft or kinetic sensor
El eje motriz conecta los rotores del compresor y de la turbina, recibiendo la fuerza motriz con el propósito de transmitirla hacia el generador eléctrico, comprendiendo también un cardan. The drive shaft connects the rotors of the compressor and the turbine, receiving the driving force in order to transmit it to the electric generator, also comprising a cardan.
Este eje motriz es estándar, de acero reforzado que conecta al generador eléctrico mediante un sistema de transmisión con embrague. This drive shaft is standard, made of reinforced steel that connects the electric generator through a clutch transmission system.
9.- Generador de electricidad El generador de electricidad es accionado mediante el eje motriz, y al girar transforma la energía angular en electricidad. 9.- Electricity generator The electricity generator is driven by the drive shaft, and by turning it transforms angular energy into electricity.
Esta electricidad es transmitida hacia los consumos mediante cable de cobre. This electricity is transmitted to the consumption by means of copper wire.
10. - Paneles solares térmicos 10. - Solar thermal panels
Los paneles solares térmicos se ubican bajo la base de las mangas para captar energía térmica solar y conducirla hacia la cámara de expansión mediante los serpentines de cobre. The thermal solar panels are located under the base of the sleeves to capture solar thermal energy and lead it to the expansion chamber by means of copper coils.
Se utilizarán paneles solares térmicos existentes en el mercado de cualquier tipo. Solar thermal panels existing in the market of any type will be used.
Así, permiten inyectar energía térmica suficiente para producir la expansión del aire dentro de la cámara de expansión. Thus, they allow sufficient thermal energy to be injected to produce the expansion of air into the expansion chamber.
1 1 . - Bomba de calor geotérmica eleven . - Geothermal heat pump
La bomba de calor geotérmica es complementaria y permite obtener energía térmica de la tierra y transmitirla hacia la cámara de expansión mediante los serpentines de cobre. Esta bomba puede ser alimentada con energía eléctrica producida por el propio generador eléctrico y/o de una red externa. Mecanismos físicos de las fuerzas que se generan al interior de la manga de aire encapsulado. Por convección térmica, el aire es enfriado mediante los disipadores térmicos, este proceso permite que el aire se enfríe, se haga más denso y baje por acción de la gravedad. The geothermal heat pump is complementary and allows to obtain thermal energy from the earth and transmit it to the expansion chamber by means of copper coils. This pump can be powered by electrical energy produced by the electric generator itself and / or from an external network. Physical mechanisms of the forces that are generated inside the encapsulated air sleeve. By thermal convection, the air is cooled by heat sinks, this process allows the air to cool, become denser and lower due to gravity.
Esta caída de aire provoca un movimiento descendente del mismo al interior de las mangas externas, arrastrando de esta forma y por acción de la encapsulación de todo el aire a girar al interior de manga. This fall of air causes a downward movement of the same inside the outer sleeves, dragging in this way and by action of the encapsulation of all the air to turn inside the sleeve.
El aire así llega con velocidad y energía cinética, por convección, a la base de las mangas, siendo la primera fuente de energía considerada al interior de la cápsula. The air thus arrives with speed and kinetic energy, by convection, at the base of the sleeves, being the first source of energy considered inside the capsule.
Llegando a la base de la manga, el aire ingresa al área de captación de temperatura ambiente, al temperarse el aire (aumento de temperatura) este se hace menos denso y tiende a elevarse, generando energía cinética por convección hasta llegar al compresor, siendo la segunda fuente de energía considerada al interior del sistema encapsulado. Arriving at the base of the sleeve, the air enters the room temperature collection area, when the air is tempered (temperature increase) it becomes less dense and tends to rise, generating kinetic energy by convection until it reaches the compressor, being the second energy source considered inside the encapsulated system.
El compresor comprime el aire dentro de la cámara de expansión, donde se inyecta energía térmica que hace aumentar la presión del aire al interior de la cámara generando una fuerza de acción que se liberará hacia la turbina. Esta es la tercera fuente de energía considerada al interior del sistema encapsulado. The compressor compresses the air inside the expansion chamber, where thermal energy is injected that increases the air pressure inside the chamber, generating an action force that will be released towards the turbine. This is the third source of energy considered within the encapsulated system.
La suma de estas tres fuerzas que son captadas por la turbina como energía cinética angular y mediante el eje se transmite a un generador eléctrico, produciendo en definitiva energía eléctrica. The sum of these three forces that are captured by the turbine as angular kinetic energy and through the shaft is transmitted to an electric generator, ultimately producing electrical energy.
El encapsulamiento del aire en un circuito cerrado permite la sumatoria de las fuerzas, una ayudando a la otra, generando un movimiento sin fin del aire al interior de la cápsula. The encapsulation of the air in a closed circuit allows the sum of the forces, one helping the other, generating an endless movement of the air inside the capsule.
Descripción de Figuras Description of Figures
Figura 1 /5 Figure 1/5
Esta figura presenta el estado del arte con respecto a las torres generadoras por convección, donde se aprecia en posición central la torre y en el perímetro, la superficie que capta el calor y lo canaliza luego a la torre. Figura 2/5 This figure presents the state of the art with respect to the generating towers by convection, where the tower can be seen in the central position and on the perimeter, the surface that captures the heat and then channels it to the tower. Figure 2/5
Esta figura presenta el funcionamiento natural de cómo se generan los centros de baja presión y como estos a su vez van produciendo corrientes de viento divergente o convergente dependiendo el lugar del centro de baja presión. Fiqura 3/5 This figure shows the natural functioning of how low pressure centers are generated and how they in turn produce divergent or convergent wind currents depending on the place of the low pressure center. Fiqura 3/5
Esta figura presenta un esquema del funcionamiento del sistema de tornado eléctrico. Representa el sistema dispuesto en una montaña con una elevación aproximada de 1000 metros (con una gradiente térmica entre 6 y 8 grados Celsius), utilizando una manga promedio de 6 metros de diámetro. This figure presents a diagram of the operation of the electric tornado system. It represents the system arranged on a mountain with an approximate elevation of 1000 meters (with a thermal gradient between 6 and 8 degrees Celsius), using an average sleeve of 6 meters in diameter.
(1 ) Captación térmica (Expansión 1 ) (2) Compresor, este compresor puede tener diferentes etapas, de preferencia tres. (1) Thermal collection (Expansion 1) (2) Compressor, this compressor can have different stages, preferably three.
(3) Expansión térmica (Expansión 2) (4) Fuente geotérmica o solar (3) Thermal expansion (Expansion 2) (4) Geothermal or solar source
(5) Turbina esta turbina puede tener diferentes etapas, de preferencia tres. (6) Disipación térmica (Contracción 1 ) (5) Turbine This turbine can have different stages, preferably three. (6) Thermal dissipation (Contraction 1)
(7) Zona inferior de la manga (7) Lower sleeve area
(8) Captador cinético (9) Generador eléctrico (8) Kinetic collector (9) Electric generator
(10) Mangas aisladas (10) Insulated sleeves
(1 1 ) Zona superior de la manga (1 1) Upper sleeve area
(A) Área de alojamiento del disipador Térmico Tubular. (A) Tubular Heatsink housing area.
(B) Área de alojamiento del captador Térmico Tubular. (B) Housing area of the Tubular Thermal collector.
Figura 4/5 Figure 4/5
Esta figura representa un dibujo técnico de la distribución del sistema en una vista desde arriba con cada una de sus partes y piezas. This figure represents a technical drawing of the distribution of the system in a top view with each of its parts and pieces.
(1 ) captador térmico tubular (1) tubular thermal collector
(2) Compresor, este compresor puede tener diferentes etapas, preferencia tres. (2) Compressor, this compressor can have different stages, preference three.
(3) Difusor de temperatura (zona de expansión térm (3) Temperature diffuser (thermal expansion zone
(4) a) Fuente geotérmica (4) a) Geothermal source
(4) b) Fuente solar (5) Turbina, esta turbina puede tener diferentes etapas, de preferencia tres. (4) b) Solar source (5) Turbine, this turbine can have different stages, preferably three.
(6) Disipador térmico Tubular (Contracción) (6) Tubular heatsink (Shrinkage)
(7) Zona inferior de la manga (7) Lower sleeve area
(8) Captador cinético (8) Kinetic collector
(9) Generador eléctrico (9) Electric generator
(10) Mangas aisladas (10) Insulated sleeves
(1 1 ) Zona superior de la manga (1 1) Upper sleeve area
(12) Bomba impulsora Figura 5/5 (12) Drive pump Figure 5/5
Esta figura presenta el sistema dispuesto en su posición óptima en la ladera de un cerro. This figure shows the system arranged in its optimal position on the side of a hill.
(1 ) captador térmico tubular (2) Compresor, este compresor puede tener diferentes etapas, de preferencia tres. (1) tubular thermal collector (2) Compressor, this compressor can have different stages, preferably three.
(3) Difusor de temperatura (zona de expansión térmica) (3) Temperature diffuser (thermal expansion zone)
(4) a) Fuente geotérmica (4) a) Geothermal source
(4) b) Fuente solar (4) b) Solar source
(5) Turbina, esta turbina puede tener diferentes etapas, de preferencia tres. (5) Turbine, this turbine can have different stages, preferably three.
(6) Disipador térmico Tubular (Contracción) (6) Tubular heatsink (Shrinkage)
(7) Zona inferior de la manga (7) Lower sleeve area
(8) Captador cinético (8) Kinetic collector
(9) Generador eléctrico (9) Electric generator
(10) Mangas aisladas (10) Insulated sleeves
(1 1 ) Zona superior de la manga (1 1) Upper sleeve area
(12) Bomba impulsora Ejemplo de Aplicación. (12) Drive pump Application example.
1 .- Utilizando la ladera de una montaña de la cordillera de Los Andes Chilenos, al interior del Cajón del Maipo en el sector "El Ingenio", de construyó un circuito cerrado con forma de doble cero, como la descrita en la presente memoria, con un diámetro de 6 metros en todas sus partes y una altura de 1 .000 metros verticales. 1 .- Using the side of a mountain in the Chilean Andes mountain range, inside the Cajon del Maipo in the "El Ingenio" sector, built a closed circuit with a double zero shape, as described herein, with a diameter of 6 meters in all its parts and a height of 1,000 vertical meters.
El diámetro interno de todos los tubos es de 6 metros, el espesor del contorno de los tubos es de 10 cm. El material de los tubos es polipropileno PPR recubierto en poliuretano expandido y todo abrigado con lámina de aluminio. The internal diameter of all the tubes is 6 meters, the thickness of the contour of the tubes is 10 cm. The material of the tubes is polypropylene PPR coated in expanded polyurethane and all covered with aluminum foil.
El volumen total del circuito es mayor a 122.000 m3. 2.- Tal como se describe en la presente memoria, en la parte baja del eje central se dispuso el sistema de compresor, cámara de expansión y turbina, todo montado sobre un eje de acero el que se extiende más allá de la manga por su parte inferior. El compresor es específico para este propósito, el cual corresponde a un compresor de aire rotativo de aspas, de tres etapas intercaladas rotor y estator. The total volume of the circuit is greater than 122,000 m3. 2.- As described herein, in the lower part of the central axis the compressor system, expansion chamber and turbine were arranged, all mounted on a steel shaft which extends beyond the sleeve by its bottom. The compressor is specific for this purpose, which corresponds to a rotary blade air compressor, three-stage rotor and stator interleaved.
El diámetro del sistema compresor, cámara de expansión y turbina es de 5,8 metros, su arquitectura es como se muestra en las figuras presentadas en la memoria descriptiva, recta y lineal. Su revestimiento exterior es el mismo descrito para el resto de los tubos. Se soporta en una estructura de acero mediante un eje de acero el cual rota sobre rodamientos. The diameter of the compressor, expansion chamber and turbine system is 5.8 meters, its architecture is as shown in the figures presented in the descriptive, straight and linear memory. Its outer coating is the same as described for the rest of the tubes. It is supported on a steel structure by means of a steel shaft which rotates on bearings.
La turbina es específica para este propósito, la cual corresponde a una turbina de aire rotativo de aspas, de tres etapas intercaladas estator y rotor. The turbine is specific for this purpose, which corresponds to a rotating air turbine with three-stage stator and rotor interleaved.
3. - En las curvas salientes de la parte alta del circuito, se instalaron difusores térmicos de aluminio, los cuales al interior de la manga o tubo está compuesto por tiras metálicas de 1 cm de espesor y por la parte externa de la manga está compuesto por láminas metálicas de 5 metros de alto. 3. - In the outgoing curves of the upper part of the circuit, aluminum thermal diffusers were installed, which inside the sleeve or tube is composed of metal strips of 1 cm thick and the outside of the sleeve is composed by metal sheets of 5 meters high.
El difusor es una estructura única de aluminio con una parte en el interior del tubo la otra parte en el exterior del tubo. Cumple entonces la función de conectar térmicamente el aire interno del tubo con el exterior, produciéndose intercambio térmico. The diffuser is a unique aluminum structure with one part inside the tube the other part outside the tube. It then fulfills the function of thermally connecting the internal air of the tube with the outside, producing thermal exchange.
4. - En las curvas entrantes de la parte baja del circuito, se instalaron captadores térmicos de aluminio, los cuales, al interior de la manga o tubo, está compuesto por tiras metálicas de 1 cm de espesor y por la parte externa de la manga está compuesto por láminas metálicas de 5 metros de alto. 4. - In the incoming curves of the lower part of the circuit, aluminum thermal sensors were installed, which, inside the sleeve or tube, are composed of metal strips of 1 cm thick and the outside of the sleeve It is composed of metal sheets 5 meters high.
El captador es una estructura única de aluminio con una parte en el interior del tubo la otra parte en el exterior del tubo. Cumple entonces la función de conectar térmicamente el aire interno del tubo con el exterior, produciéndose intercambio térmico. 5. - Se disponen compuertas en las curvas salientes de la parte alta del circuito y en las curvas entrantes de la parte baja del circuito. Para esta prueba, estas compuestas se accionan manualmente. The sensor is a unique aluminum structure with one part inside the tube the other part outside the tube. It then fulfills the function of thermally connecting the internal air of the tube with the outside, producing thermal exchange. 5. - Gates are arranged in the outgoing curves of the upper part of the circuit and in the incoming curves of the lower part of the circuit. For this test, these compounds are operated manually.
Para esta prueba se usaron 4 compuertas, pudiendo aumentar su número más adelante. Para esta aplicación, las compuertas son curvas siguiendo la forma del tubo, específicamente rectangulares curvas de arco de 3 metros y largo de 10 metros. Su accionar es manual en esta aplicación y se ajustan con pernos. For this test, 4 gates were used, and their number could be increased later. For this application, the gates are curves following the shape of the tube, specifically rectangular arc curves of 3 meters and 10 meters long. Its operation is manual in this application and fit with bolts.
6. - A continuación del eje o captador cinético de la memoria descriptiva que se extiende más allá del circuito por la parte baja, se conecta a un eje cardan, que es parte del captador cinético, con crucetas en sus extremos, a continuación, se conecta un sistema de embrague accionado manualmente y por último se adiciona un generador de electricidad convencional. 6. - Next to the axis or kinetic sensor of the descriptive memory that extends beyond the circuit through the lower part, it is connected to a cardan shaft, which is part of the kinetic sensor, with crosspieces at its ends, then It connects a manually operated clutch system and finally a conventional electricity generator is added.
Para esta prueba se utilizó un generador del tipo alternador de 10 KVA, generando corriente alterna multi-ciclos. Este dispositivo puede tener diferentes variantes para la presente invención, donde lo importante es el circuito que genera la fuerza motriz para hacer girar este generador. For this test, a generator of the 10 KVA alternator type was used, generating multi-cycle alternating current. This device may have different variants for the present invention, where the important thing is the circuit that generates the driving force to rotate this generator.
7. - En la cámara de expansión se instaló un serpentín de cobre de 100 vueltas, de 2,54 cm de diámetro el tubo, en forma de espiral concéntrico, se construyen de tubos de cobre específicamente para esta aplicación. Este serpentín se conectó al exterior con un sistema de paneles solares térmicos, como tubos o cañerías de cobre soldadas, conformando un circuito cerrado. El serpentín se llenó con agua desmineralizada corriente a una presión de 5 bar. Una bomba de recirculación hace circular esta agua por el serpentín y los paneles solares de forma constante. 7. - In the expansion chamber a copper coil of 100 turns, of 2.54 cm in diameter, was installed, the tube, in the form of a concentric spiral, is constructed of copper tubes specifically for this application. This coil was connected to the outside with a system of thermal solar panels, as welded copper pipes or pipes, forming a closed circuit. The coil was filled with running demineralized water at a pressure of 5 bar. A recirculation pump circulates this water through the coil and solar panels constantly.
Se utilizaron 100 paneles solares térmicos. Este sistema de paneles solares térmicos más el serpentín de cobre al interior de la cámara de expansión, funciona exactamente igual que los calentadores de agua sanitaria domésticos. El caudal es variable, desde 1 a 1000 litros por minuto. 100 solar thermal panels were used. This system of thermal solar panels plus the copper coil inside the expansion chamber, works exactly like domestic domestic water heaters. The flow rate is variable, from 1 to 1000 liters per minute.
8. - Para esta instalación no se utilizó el sistema de bomba de calor geotérmica, aunque es posible su utilización como alternativa. 8. - For this installation the geothermal heat pump system was not used, although its use as an alternative is possible.
9. - El experimento comienza con el cierre de las 4 compuertas (dos en la parte alta del sistema y dos en la parte baja), se aprecia que el aire al interior de la capsula comienza a circular, por el eje central hacia arriba y por las mangas laterales hacia abajo. 9. - The experiment begins with the closure of the 4 gates (two in the upper part of the system and two in the lower part), it can be seen that the air inside the capsule begins to circulate, along the central axis upwards and down the side sleeves.
10. - Esta circulación del aire aumenta su velocidad paulatinamente a una taza de entre 5 a 100 Km/h dependiendo de las diferencias de presión generadas hasta que comienza a rodar el eje de acero, aproximadamente a 1 hora desde el cerrado de las compuertas, producto de la acción de la turbina y el compresor. 1 1 .- Luego de llegar a las 1 .000 RPM aproximadamente a las 1 ,5 horas desde el cerrado de las compuertas, mediante el embrague, se conecta el generador eléctrico. 12.- El generador eléctrico tiene conectados instrumentos de medición eléctrica, tales como amperímetro y voltímetro, y una impedancia eléctrica resistiva. 10. - This air circulation gradually increases its speed to a cup between 5 to 100 km / h depending on the pressure differences generated until the steel shaft begins to roll, approximately 1 hour after the closing of the gates, product of the action of the turbine and the compressor. 1 1 .- After arriving at 1, 000 RPM at approximately 1, 5 hours from the closing of the gates, through the clutch, the electric generator is connected. 12.- The electric generator has connected electrical measuring instruments, such as ammeter and voltmeter, and a resistive electrical impedance.
13. - Durante los períodos de medición de unas 4 a 5 horas diurnas (Desde las 13 horas hasta las 18 horas) se logró medir hasta 10 Mega Watts de potencia entregada. 13. - During the measurement periods of about 4 to 5 daytime hours (from 1:00 p.m. to 6:00 p.m.) it was possible to measure up to 10 Mega Watts of delivered power.
14. - Durante los períodos de medición de 3 horas nocturnas (desde las 0 hasta las 4 horas) se logró medir hasta 3 Mega Watts de potencia entregada. 14. - During the measurement periods of 3 night hours (from 0 to 4 hours) it was possible to measure up to 3 Mega Watts of delivered power.
15. - Durante el desarrollo de esta aplicación se logró comprobar que la circulación de aire al interior de la cápsula no se detiene entre el día y la noche. Esto es por la acción de la gradiente térmica que se mantiene en forma constante en el día y la noche ante una diferencia vertical de altura de 1 .000 metros. 15. - During the development of this application it was possible to verify that the air circulation inside the capsule does not stop between day and night. This is due to the action of the thermal gradient that is constantly maintained in the day and night before a vertical height difference of 1, 000 meters.
16. - Ciertamente la inyección de calor a la cámara de expansión mejora el rendimiento de generación. En este ejemplo se inyectó calor a 40 °C, unos 10 a 20 GJ. 17. - Tal como se describe en la presente memoria descriptiva, el aire frío cae con aceleración de gravedad por su aumento de peso específico a una taza de entre 5 a 100 Km/h dependiendo de las diferencias de presión generadas, entre la parte alta de la cápsula en comparación con la parte baja de la cápsula, generando el impulso al total del aire encapsulado. 16. - Certainly the injection of heat into the expansion chamber improves the generation performance. In this example, heat was injected at 40 ° C, about 10 to 20 GJ. 17. - As described in the present specification, cold air falls with acceleration of gravity due to its specific weight increase to a cup between 5 to 100 km / h depending on the pressure differences generated, between the high part of the capsule compared to the lower part of the capsule, generating the impulse to the total encapsulated air.
18. - Adicionalmente, el aire aumenta su temperatura en las curvas entrantes del eje central del circuito, haciéndose más liviano y generando el impulso de subida. El calor introducido, de entre 10 a 20 GJ en la cámara de expansión favorece el impulso de subida. 18. - Additionally, the air increases its temperature in the incoming curves of the central axis of the circuit, becoming lighter and generating the rising pulse. The heat introduced, between 10 to 20 GJ in the expansion chamber favors the rise momentum.
19. - En definitiva, la acción conjunta de subida de aire caliente más las bajadas de aire frío, generan una fuerza continua dentro del circuito durante el día y la noche, diferenciándose en esta aplicación por la ausencia de calor adicional en la cámara de expansión durante la noche, lo que se soluciona opcionalmente con un sistema de generación de calor nocturno como lo es el sistema geotérmico. 19. - In short, the joint action of hot air rise plus cold air drops generates a continuous force within the circuit during the day and night, differentiating in this application due to the absence of additional heat in the expansion chamber during the night, which is optionally solved with a night heat generation system such as the geothermal system.
Claims
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| US201762445899P | 2017-01-13 | 2017-01-13 | |
| US62/445,899 | 2017-01-13 |
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| WO2018129629A1 true WO2018129629A1 (en) | 2018-07-19 |
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Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5734202A (en) * | 1995-07-27 | 1998-03-31 | Shuler; Melvin B. | Method and apparatus for generating electricity utilizing a forced recirculating air tunnel |
| US20030227175A1 (en) * | 2002-06-07 | 2003-12-11 | John Manolis | Renewable energy system |
| CN101539117B (en) * | 2009-04-14 | 2012-04-25 | 乔君旺 | Solar energy wind power generation tower |
| CN104110307A (en) * | 2013-04-19 | 2014-10-22 | 冯以兴 | Wind tunnel type turbine generator |
| US20150337676A1 (en) * | 2014-05-23 | 2015-11-26 | Yee-Chang Feng | Clean energy generation system |
-
2018
- 2018-01-12 WO PCT/CL2018/050004 patent/WO2018129629A1/en not_active Ceased
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5734202A (en) * | 1995-07-27 | 1998-03-31 | Shuler; Melvin B. | Method and apparatus for generating electricity utilizing a forced recirculating air tunnel |
| US20030227175A1 (en) * | 2002-06-07 | 2003-12-11 | John Manolis | Renewable energy system |
| CN101539117B (en) * | 2009-04-14 | 2012-04-25 | 乔君旺 | Solar energy wind power generation tower |
| CN104110307A (en) * | 2013-04-19 | 2014-10-22 | 冯以兴 | Wind tunnel type turbine generator |
| US20150337676A1 (en) * | 2014-05-23 | 2015-11-26 | Yee-Chang Feng | Clean energy generation system |
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