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WO2018126504A1 - 颗粒物阻隔材料及其在防雾霾中的应用 - Google Patents

颗粒物阻隔材料及其在防雾霾中的应用 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018126504A1
WO2018126504A1 PCT/CN2017/072551 CN2017072551W WO2018126504A1 WO 2018126504 A1 WO2018126504 A1 WO 2018126504A1 CN 2017072551 W CN2017072551 W CN 2017072551W WO 2018126504 A1 WO2018126504 A1 WO 2018126504A1
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Prior art keywords
barrier material
cationic
particulate
particulate matter
particulate barrier
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PCT/CN2017/072551
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
董庆
董元华
梁鑫淼
孙永溪
唐欣
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Chengdu Ruimu Bio-Pharm Technology Co Ltd
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Chengdu Ruimu Bio-Pharm Technology Co Ltd
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Publication of WO2018126504A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018126504A1/zh
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    • D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
    • D06M15/19—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with synthetic macromolecular compounds
    • D06M15/37—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D06M15/61—Polyamines polyimines
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A41—WEARING APPAREL
    • A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
    • A41D13/00—Professional, industrial or sporting protective garments, e.g. surgeons' gowns or garments protecting against blows or punches
    • A41D13/05—Professional, industrial or sporting protective garments, e.g. surgeons' gowns or garments protecting against blows or punches protecting only a particular body part
    • A41D13/11—Protective face masks, e.g. for surgical use, or for use in foul atmospheres
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    • D06M13/10—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with compounds containing oxygen
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    • D06M15/01—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with natural macromolecular compounds or derivatives thereof
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    • D06M15/01—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with natural macromolecular compounds or derivatives thereof
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    • D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
    • D06M15/01—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with natural macromolecular compounds or derivatives thereof
    • D06M15/03—Polysaccharides or derivatives thereof
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    • D06M15/01—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with natural macromolecular compounds or derivatives thereof
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    • D06M15/01—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with natural macromolecular compounds or derivatives thereof
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    • D06M15/19—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with synthetic macromolecular compounds
    • D06M15/21—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D06M15/263—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds of unsaturated carboxylic acids; Salts or esters thereof
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    • D06M15/21—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
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    • D06M15/21—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
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    • D06M15/19—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with synthetic macromolecular compounds
    • D06M15/21—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D06M15/356—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds of other unsaturated compounds containing nitrogen, sulfur, silicon or phosphorus atoms
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    • D06M15/19—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with synthetic macromolecular compounds
    • D06M15/37—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D06M15/53—Polyethers

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of respiratory protection articles, and in particular to a particulate barrier material and its use in anti-fogging.
  • the suspended particulate matter includes inorganic acid salts such as sulfates, nitrates, ammonium salts, nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides and other metal salts; organic substances, Such as carbon, alkanes; and aerosols formed by these substances.
  • Particulate matter in the atmosphere is a mixture of solid particulate matter (such as sulfates, sulfides, nitrates, nitrogen oxides, ammonium salts, and other heavy metals) and droplets (including alkanes, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, etc.) in the atmosphere.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide the use of the above particulate barrier material in anti-fog.
  • a particulate barrier material comprising a cationic polymer, the cationic polymer comprising from 0.1 to 10% by mass of the particulate barrier material.
  • the cationic polymer of the particulate barrier material comprises a polyquaternium, a cationic alkylpolyglycoside, a polymeric cationic alkylpolyglycoside, a cationic polyacrylamide, a cationic guar gum.
  • a polyquaternium a cationic alkylpolyglycoside
  • a polymeric cationic alkylpolyglycoside a cationic polyacrylamide
  • a cationic guar gum At least one of cationic starch, cationic corn starch, and cationic protein peptide.
  • the particulate barrier material further comprises an anionic polymer, and the anionic polymer comprises 0.1 to 5.0% by mass of the particulate barrier material.
  • the anionic polymer of the particulate barrier material comprises at least one of anionic polyacrylamide, xanthan gum, carboxymethylcellulose, sodium alginate and polyacrylate.
  • the particulate barrier material further comprises an amphiphilic polymer, and the amphiphilic polymer comprises 0.001 to 5.0% by mass of the particulate barrier material.
  • the amphiphilic polymer of the particulate barrier material comprises at least one of polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene glycol and collagen, wherein polyvinylpyrrolidone
  • the molecular weight is 10K to 90K; the molecular weight of polyethylene glycol is 200 to 600 or 1000 to 5000.
  • the particulate barrier material further comprises a co-solvent
  • the co-solvent comprises 5 to 12% by mass of the particulate barrier material
  • the co-solvent is selected from the group consisting of ethanol, isopropanol or glycerol.
  • the above-mentioned particulate barrier material is used in anti-fogging.
  • the particulate barrier material in the anti-fog application forms a micro-electrical protective layer on the surface of the protective substrate layer.
  • the particulate protective material in the anti-fog application comprises a mask, a face, an ear, a nose, a door cloth, a window cloth, a screen window, a dustproof gauze and a net. At least one of the covers.
  • the particle barrier material provided by the invention and the application thereof in the anti-fog effect have the beneficial effects of using a cationic polymer as a particulate barrier material formed by dissolving a solute in a solvent, and the cationic polymer accounts for the mass percentage of the particulate barrier material. It is 0.1 to 10%.
  • the particulate barrier material has a charge and can form a micro-electric protective layer. The particulate matter repels the macromolecular substance with the same kind of charge to prevent it from passing through; the particulate matter attracts the macromolecular substance with the heterogeneous charge to condense into Large particles precipitate and fall, no longer absorbed by the body.
  • the particulate barrier material is used in anti-fog, which is effective in blocking suspended particulate matter in the air, such as filtering PM2.5.
  • the particulate barrier material of the embodiment of the present invention and its application in anti-fog are specifically described below.
  • the particulate barrier material is formed by dissolving a cationic polymer as a solute in a solvent.
  • the cationic polymer accounts for 0.1% to 10% by mass of the particulate barrier material.
  • a cationic polymer refers to a polymer having a cationic group on a long chain, and generally refers to a water-soluble polymer.
  • the cationic polymer may be prepared by chemical synthesis, or may be obtained by chemical synthesis of a natural polymer compound such as polysaccharide, starch, cellulose or chitosan.
  • the solvent is water, and the water is selected from one or more of deionized water, distilled water, and ultrapure water, preferably deionized water.
  • the cationic polymer has a mass percentage of 0.1 to 10%, which ensures that the cationic polymer is sufficiently dissolved in the solvent and has a uniform distribution.
  • the mass percentage of the cationic polymer represents the amount of the cationic polymer contained in the 100 g of the particulate barrier material when cationic polymerization
  • the cationic polymer is selected.
  • the mass percentage is 0.1 to 10%, which not only achieves better adsorption and filtration effects, but also maintains smooth air circulation.
  • cationic polymers Due to its many reactive groups, cationic polymers can affinity with many substances and adsorb to form hydrogen bonds. It is mainly a colloidal negatively charged colloid.
  • the cationic polymer has functions such as turbidity removal, decolorization, adsorption and adhesion.
  • cationic polymers are mainly used for: personal care products such as body wash, facial cleanser, shampoo, shampoo, moisturizing shower gel, hair conditioner, ointment, hand soap, etc.; Used as a mineral flotation agent; as a high-efficiency cationic emulsifier; as a fabric softener in combination with silicone oil, ester quaternary ammonium salt, etc.; flow aid, filter aid, resin barrier control in papermaking process Agent; in the field of flocculation aids for sewage treatment.
  • a cationic polymer is dissolved as a solute in a solvent to form a particulate barrier material. Since the particulate barrier material has a cation therein, the charged particulate barrier material can form a micro-electric protective layer and a positively charged suspension in the air. The particulate matter and the cationic polymer repel each other to prevent the passage of suspended particles, and the suspended particulate matter with negative charge in the air attracts the cationic polymer, thereby agglomerating into larger particles and sinking, no longer being Inhalation by the human body.
  • the cationic polymer accounts for 0.1 to 10% by mass of the particulate barrier material.
  • the cationic polymer preferably includes a polyquaternium, a cationic alkylpolyglycoside, a polymeric cationic alkylpolyglycoside, a cationic polyacrylamide, a cationic guar gum, At least one of cationic starch, cationic corn starch, and cationic protein peptide. More preferably, the cationic polymer comprises at least one of a polyquaternium, a polymeric cationic alkylpolyglycoside, and a cationic polyacrylamide.
  • Polyquaterniums have many cationic sites in the molecule and are used in the skin care and hair care in the prior art.
  • the polyquaternium is selected as the cationic polymer to form a particulate barrier material, which has strong adsorption capacity and strong ability to block particulate matter.
  • the polyquaternium salt in this embodiment is at least one selected from the group consisting of polyquaternium-7, polyquaternium-10 (cationic cellulose) and polyquaternium-39. It should be understood that the polyquaternium-10 (cationic cellulose) is of various types such as: JR-400, LR-400, JR-3000, LR-3000.
  • the polymeric cationic alkyl polyglycoside is a novel cationic surfactant which is readily soluble in water and has a very high cationic charge density.
  • the polymer cation alkyl polyglycoside has a molecular weight of 8000 to 12000, and the polymer cationic alkyl polyglycoside is used as a particulate blocking material made of a cationic polymer, and has a high cationic charge density, and has a better effect of blocking particles.
  • its foaming power is strong, and the particulate matter barrier material is sprayed on the face or cloth for easy cleaning.
  • the polymeric cationic alkylpolyglycoside is formed by alkylation of one of a plurality of hydroxyl groups of the glycoside, and the substituent is an alkyl group.
  • the substituent may further include a hydroxyalkyl group. For example: hydroxyethyl, hydroxymethyl, and the like.
  • Cationic polyacrylamide is a linear polymer compound. Because it has a variety of active groups, it can affinity with many substances and adsorb to form hydrogen bonds, so that suspended particulate matter in the air is adsorbed and effectively blocked. Particulate matter is inhaled.
  • the solute in the particulate barrier material further comprises an anionic polymer, the anionic polymer comprising 0.1 to 5.0% by mass of the particulate barrier material.
  • anionic polymers are mainly used for industrial wastewater treatment, and can also be used for drinking water clarification and purification treatment.
  • the anionic polymer and the cationic polymer are dissolved together as a solute into a solvent to form a particulate barrier material.
  • the particulate barrier material has both an anion and a cation, and can be positively charged and negatively charged in the air.
  • the suspended particulate matter undergoes adsorption and repulsion, targeting more types of suspended particulate matter.
  • the anionic polymer comprises at least one of an anionic polyacrylamide, xanthan gum, carboxymethyl cellulose, sodium alginate, and polyacrylate.
  • Polyacrylamide can be divided into three types: anionic polyacrylamide, cationic polyacrylamide and nonionic polyacrylamide.
  • anionic polyacrylamide is used as cationic polymer and anionic polyacrylamide is used as anionic polymer. , mixed use, the effect is better.
  • at least one of xanthan gum, carboxymethylcellulose, sodium alginate, and polyacrylate can be used as an anionic polymer in combination with a cationic polymer to achieve a superior filtration adsorption effect.
  • the particulate barrier material further includes an amphiphilic polymer, and the amphiphilic polymer accounts for 0.001 to 5.0% by mass of the particulate barrier material.
  • Amphiphilic polymer refers to a polymer that has affinity for both phases in one macromolecule, generally referring to the same molecular structure. A polymer containing a hydrophilic group and a hydrophobic group. Amphiphilic polymers have colloidal protection, film-forming properties, hygroscopicity and coacervation. In addition to charged suspended particulate matter in air, there are many uncharged suspended particulate materials. In this embodiment, by amphiphilic polymerization.
  • the film-forming property of the material coats and adsorbs the uncharged suspended particulate matter, thereby preventing suspended particulate matter from being inhaled by the human body.
  • the hydrophilicity of the amphiphilic polymer is convenient for the user to directly clean with water.
  • amphiphilic polymers there are various types of amphiphilic polymers.
  • the amphiphilic polymer includes at least one of polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene glycol, and collagen.
  • the molecular weight of the polyvinylpyrrolidone is preferably from 10 K to 90 K
  • the molecular weight of the polyethylene glycol is preferably from 200 to 600 or from 1,000 to 5,000.
  • a co-solvent, a preservative, and the like may be added to the particulate barrier material, wherein the co-solvent accounts for 5 to 12% by mass of the particulate barrier material, and the co-solvent is selected from the group consisting of ethanol, isopropanol or glycerin. .
  • the preparation method of the particulate material is simple, that is, the cationic polymer is dissolved as a solute in a solvent, uniformly mixed, and a co-solvent and a preservative are selectively added to the particulate material, the co-solvent can help the solute dissolve more uniformly, and the preservative can Enhance the preservation time of the particulate barrier material.
  • the resulting particulate barrier material is charged, and by applying the particulate barrier material to the anti-fog, it is possible to prevent suspended particulate matter in the air from being inhaled by the human body.
  • At least one of the anionic polymer and the amphiphilic polymer may also be used as The solute is added and dissolved together with the cationic polymer in the solvent, and the resulting particulate barrier material has a better filtering effect.
  • the particulate barrier material in the present embodiment preferably comprises a cationic polymer and an amphiphilic polymer, wherein the cationic polymer is a polymeric cationic alkyl polyglycoside, and the polymeric cationic alkyl polyglycoside comprises the mass of the particulate barrier material.
  • the percentage is 0.1 to 5%;
  • the amphiphilic polymer is polyvinylpyrrolidone, and the polyvinylpyrrolidone accounts for 0.001 to 3% by mass of the particulate barrier material, and further adds 9-11% of ethanol as a co-solvent in the particulate barrier material.
  • the particulate material barrier material prepared under the formula has good filtering effect on smog and good anti-caries effect.
  • cationic polymers, anionic polymers, and amphiphilic polymers employed in production use are not limited to the partial cationic polymers, anionic polymers, and amphiphilic polymers provided in this example.
  • the present embodiment also provides the use of the above-mentioned particulate barrier material in anti-fog.
  • the particulate matter barrier material forms a micro-electric protective layer on the surface of the protective base layer
  • the method for forming the micro-electric protective layer comprises: spraying the particulate barrier material on the surface of the protective base layer, or immersing the protective base layer in the particulate matter barrier In the material.
  • the protective substrate layer includes at least one of a mask, a face, an ear, a nose, a door cloth, a window cloth, a screen window, a dustproof gauze, and a mesh cover.
  • the solute selected in the particulate barrier material provided in this embodiment is safe and non-toxic, and is often used as a compound in the field of cosmetics and pharmaceutical preparation, so the particulate matter is blocked.
  • the material is sprayed on the face, ear and nose, etc., safe and without side effects.
  • the hydrophilicity of the amphiphilic polymer makes the particulate matter barrier material sprayed on the face, ear, nose and the like easy to clean without residue.
  • the anti-fog method applied to the face, ear, nose and other parts is especially suitable for consumers who are not willing to wear masks and other anti-smashing equipment, such as children and the elderly; or special occasions are not suitable for wearing masks, but need to prevent phlegm consumption Use.
  • the spray amount of the particulate matter blocking material provided in this embodiment is: 50-mL spray 100-150 times, and each spray amount is 0.3-0.5 mL.
  • the spray distance is not required, and the user can spray it on his face or mask. If it is sprayed onto the screen, it will be more evenly dispersed. Individual use of 0.3-0.5mL each time can achieve the purpose of anti-fog, the use of similar methods to girls facial hydration, not elaborated here.
  • Particulate barrier material can be used in smog weather, dusty factories, workshops, transportation vehicles, outdoor areas where airborne particulate matter exceeds the standard.
  • the particulate barrier material comprises a cationic polymer, an anionic polymer and an amphiphilic polymer
  • the suspended particulate matter in the air comprises a positively charged particulate matter, a negatively charged particulate matter, and a neutral particulate matter
  • the cationic polymer And the anionic polymer can correspond to different charged suspended particulate matter, and the particulate matter and the same-charged polymer mutually repel each other to prevent the passage of the particulate matter; the particulate matter and the heterogeneously charged polymer attract each other to agglomerate into Larger particles and sedimentation, no longer being human Body absorption.
  • neutral particulate matter such as alkanes, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, etc., it is lipophilic and can be adsorbed by an amphiphilic polymer to prevent the passage of particulate matter.
  • composition and ratio of the particulate barrier material will be described below in conjunction with specific embodiments.
  • the particulate barrier material provided in this embodiment is composed of the following components: 5% polyquaternium, 10% ethanol, and the rest is water, dissolved and mixed. Spraying the particulate matter blocking material in the embodiment on the mask can improve the filtering effect of the mask and enhance the anti-fog capability of the mask.
  • the mask sprayed with the particulate barrier material provided in this embodiment has a filtration efficiency of 46.51% for PM2.5.
  • the particulate barrier material provided in this embodiment is composed of the following components: polyquaternium 2%, cationic polyacrylamide 0.5%, polymer cationic alkylpolyglycoside 0.1%, anionic polyacrylamide 5%, ethanol 8%, and other components. For water, dissolve and mix. Spraying the particulate matter blocking material in the embodiment on the mask can improve the filtering effect of the mask and enhance the anti-fog capability of the mask.
  • the mask sprayed with the particulate barrier material provided in this embodiment has a filtration efficiency of 95.35% for PM2.5.
  • the particulate barrier material provided in this embodiment is composed of the following components: a polymer cationic alkyl polyglycoside 10%, polyvinylpyrrolidone 2%, ethanol 10%, and the remaining components are water. Dissolve and mix. Spraying the particulate matter blocking material in the embodiment on the mask can improve the filtering effect of the mask and enhance the anti-fog capability of the mask.
  • the mask having the particle barrier material sprayed with the present embodiment has a filtration efficiency of 93.02% for PM2.5.
  • the particulate matter barrier material provided in this embodiment is composed of the following components: polyquaternium 1%, polymer cation alkylpolyglycoside 1%, polyvinylpyrrolidone 0.001%, ethanol 5%, and the remaining components are water, dissolved and mixed. Spraying the particulate matter blocking material in the embodiment on the mask can improve the filtering effect of the mask and enhance the anti-fog capability of the mask.
  • the mask sprayed with the particulate barrier material provided in this embodiment has a filtration efficiency of 97.67% for PM2.5.
  • the particulate barrier material provided in this embodiment is composed of the following components: polyquaternium 0.1%, anionic polyacrylamide 1%, xanthan gum 1%, carboxymethylcellulose 1%, sodium alginate 1%, polyacrylate 1%, polyvinylpyrrolidone 0.5%, polyvinyl alcohol 0.5%, polyethylene glycol 0.5%, collagen 0.5%, ethanol 10%, the rest of the ingredients are water, dissolved and mixed.
  • Spraying the particulate matter barrier material provided in the embodiment on the door cloth, window cloth, screen window, net cover, etc. of the house can prevent the suspended particles outside the house from entering the room to ensure the indoor air is clean.
  • the door cloth, window cloth, screen window and net cover sprayed with the particulate matter barrier material provided in this embodiment have a filtration efficiency of 86% for PM2.5 or suspended particulate matter.
  • the particulate barrier material provided in this embodiment is composed of the following components: polyquaternium 0.5%, cationic alkylpolyglycoside 1%, cationic corn starch 1%, cationic corn starch 0.5%, carboxymethyl cellulose 0.5%, alginic acid Sodium 0.5%, polyacrylate 0.5%, polyvinylpyrrolidone 1%, collagen 1%, ethanol 10%, the rest of the ingredients are water, dissolved and mixed.
  • the cloth, the yarn, and the like which are formed into the mask are immersed in the particulate matter blocking material provided in the embodiment, and the filtering effect of the cloth and the yarn can be enhanced, so that the mask produced by the filter has a better filtering effect.
  • the particulate barrier material provided in this embodiment is composed of the following components: polyquaternium 2%, cationic polyacrylamide 2%, polymer cationic alkylpolyglycoside 2%, cationic guar gum 2%, cationic corn starch 0.5%, Anionic polyacrylamide 0.5%, xanthan gum 0.5%, carboxymethyl cellulose 0.5%, sodium alginate 0.5%, polyvinylpyrrolidone 2%, polyethylene glycol 3%, ethanol 12%, the rest of the ingredients are water, dissolved Mix well.
  • the particulate matter barrier material provided in the embodiment is sprayed on an anti-fog device, such as an anti-snag plug, an anti-smash earplug, an air purifier, etc., to enhance the filtering effect of the anti-fog device.
  • an anti-fog device such as an anti-snag plug, an anti-smash earplug, an air purifier, etc.
  • the particulate barrier material provided in this embodiment is composed of the following components: polyquaternium 2%, cationic polyacrylamide 1%, polymer cationic alkylpolyglycoside 1%, cationic guar 0.5%, cationic corn starch 0.5%, Anionic polyacrylamide 2%, xanthan gum 2%, polyvinylpyrrolidone 0.1%, polyvinyl alcohol 0.1%, polyethylene glycol 0.1%, collagen 0.5%, glycerol 9%, and the remaining components are water, dissolved and mixed.
  • the particulate matter barrier material provided in the embodiment is sprayed on the face of the user, thereby reducing the amount of smog inhalation.
  • the particulate barrier material provided in this embodiment is composed of the following components: polyquaternium 3%, cationic polyacrylamide 1%, polymer cationic alkylpolyglycoside 1%, cationic guar gum 3%, cationic starch 0.5%, cation Protein peptide 0.5%, anionic polyacrylamide 0.1%, polyvinylpyrrolidone 0.5%, polyvinyl alcohol 2%, polyethylene glycol 0.5%, isopropanol 11%, the remaining components are water, dissolved and mixed.
  • the particulate matter barrier material provided in the embodiment is sprayed on the face of the user, thereby reducing the amount of smog inhalation.
  • the embodiment of the present invention utilizes a cationic polymer as a particulate barrier material formed by dissolving a solute in a solvent, and the cationic polymer accounts for 0.1 to 10% by mass of the particulate barrier material.
  • the particulate barrier material has a charge and can form a micro-electric protective layer.
  • the particulate matter repels the macromolecular substance with the same kind of charge to prevent it from passing through; the particulate matter attracts the macromolecular substance with the heterogeneous charge to condense into Large particles precipitate and fall, no longer absorbed by humans.
  • the particulate barrier material is used in anti-fog, which can effectively adsorb suspended particulate matter in the air, such as filtering PM2.5.
  • EXPERIMENTAL OBJECTIVE To test the protective effect of anti-fog sputum samples on smog, and specifically to protect the PM2.5 as an indicator.
  • the filtration efficiency of PM2.5 can be calculated.
  • the clipping area of 80cm 2 fragments of non-woven mask, the non-woven mask PM2.5 live test head with a rubber band wrapped simulation results wear a mask, and then sprayed onto the anti-fog haze sample FWM1 woven masks, Then start sampling, after the reading is stable (about 5 minutes), read the PM2.5 value and record.
  • the anti-fogging liquid FWM1, FWM2, FWM3, FWM4 can improve the filtering effect of the mask in the prior art, wherein the number: anti The smog liquids FWM2, FWM4 (that is, the particulate matter barrier materials provided in Example 2 and Example 4) were sprayed on the surface of the nonwoven fabric mask, and the efficiency of the nonwoven fabric mask filtered through PM2.5 was increased from 32.5% to >95. %.
  • anti-fog sputum FWM2, FWM4 anti-fog ability is very strong, spray FWM2, FWM4 liquid mask can prevent PM2.5 through.
  • the particulate matter barrier material provided in the first embodiment of the present invention is effective for blocking PM2.5 when applied to anti-fog;
  • the particulate material barrier material is applied in the anti-fog, and spraying the particulate material barrier material on the surface of the ordinary mask can effectively improve the PM2.5 efficiency of the ordinary mask, and the efficiency of the mask anti-PM2.5 is improved from 32.5% to > 95%;
  • the main active ingredient of particulate matter barrier material is widely used for the production of daily chemical products (such as shampoo), oral and injectable drugs, and formulated with water. It is safe and has no side effects.

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Abstract

一种颗粒物阻隔材料及其在防雾霾中的应用，涉及呼吸防护用品领域，颗粒物阻隔材料包括阳离子聚合物，阳离子聚合物占颗粒物阻隔材料的质量百分比为0.1～10％。颗粒物阻隔材料带有电荷，能够形成微电保护层，颗粒物质与带同种电荷的大分子物质相排斥，而达到阻止其通过；颗粒物质与带异种电荷的大分子物质相吸引从而凝聚为较大的颗粒物而沉淀降落，不再被人体吸收。颗粒物阻隔材料能够加强防雾霾材料和防雾霾设备的过滤效果，提高防霾效果，此外该颗粒物阻隔材料还可直接喷涂于需防霾部位的表面，例如面部或各种防雾霾设备上，从而具备有效防霾效果。

Description

颗粒物阻隔材料及其在防雾霾中的应用
本申请要求中国专利申请号为201710012229.0、申请日为2017年01月06日、名称为“颗粒物阻隔材料及其在防雾霾中的应用”的优先权，该申请通过引入方式整体合并于此。
技术领域
本发明涉及呼吸防护用品领域，具体而言，涉及一种颗粒物阻隔材料及其在防雾霾中的应用。
背景技术
在日常生活中，空气中存在着大量的悬浮颗粒物质，该悬浮颗粒物质包括无机酸盐，如硫酸盐、硝酸盐、铵盐、氮氧化物、硫氧化物和其他金属盐；有机物质类，如碳、烷烃类；以及这些物质形成的气溶胶。大气中的颗粒物质是由固态颗粒物质(如硫酸盐、硫化物、硝酸盐、氧化氮、铵盐和其它重金属)和液滴(包括烷烃、多环芳烃等)在大气中形成的混合物。当在雾霾天气时，空气中的悬浮颗粒物质尤为严重，严重危害身体健康，颗粒物进入身体后会粘附在呼吸道，造成支气管炎、咽炎。为了避免悬浮颗粒物质吸入人体，目前市面上出现各类防霾口罩、空气净化器等，但这些设备的对悬浮颗粒物的过滤和吸附效果参差不齐，难尽如人意。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种颗粒物阻隔材料，其能有效阻隔颗粒物以防止颗粒物被人体吸入。
本发明的另一目的在于提供上述颗粒物阻隔材料在防雾霾中的应用。
本发明解决其技术问题是采用以下技术方案来实现的。
一种颗粒物阻隔材料，其包括阳离子聚合物，阳离子聚合物占颗粒物阻隔材料的质量百分比为0.1～10％。
优选地，在本发明的较佳实施例中，上述颗粒物阻隔材料的阳离子聚合物包括聚季铵盐、阳离子烷基多糖苷、高分子阳离子烷基多糖苷、阳离子聚丙烯酰胺、阳离子瓜尔胶、阳离子淀粉、阳离子玉米淀粉和阳离子蛋白肽中的至少一种。
优选地，在本发明的较佳实施例中，上述颗粒物阻隔材料还包括阴离子聚合物，阴离子聚合物占颗粒物阻隔材料的质量百分比为0.1～5.0％。
优选地，在本发明的较佳实施例中，上述颗粒物阻隔材料的阴离子聚合物包括阴离子聚丙烯酰胺、黄原胶、羧甲基纤维素、海藻酸钠和聚丙烯酸酯中的至少一种。
优选地，在本发明的较佳实施例中，上述颗粒物阻隔材料还包括两亲性聚合物，两亲性聚合物占颗粒物阻隔材料的质量百分比为0.001～5.0％。
优选地，在本发明的较佳实施例中，上述颗粒物阻隔材料的两亲性聚合物包括聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、聚乙烯醇、聚乙二醇和胶原蛋白中的至少一种，其中，聚乙烯吡咯烷酮的分子量为10K～90K；聚乙二醇的分子量为200～600或1000～5000。
优选地，在本发明的较佳实施例中，上述颗粒物阻隔材料还包括助溶剂，助溶剂占颗粒物阻隔材料的质量百分比为5～12％，助溶剂选自乙醇、异丙醇或甘油。
另外，上述颗粒物阻隔材料在防雾霾中的应用。
优选地，在本发明的较佳实施例中，上述颗粒物阻隔材料在防雾霾中的应用中将颗粒物阻隔材料在防护基底层的表面形成微电保护层。
优选地，在本发明的较佳实施例中，上述颗粒物阻隔材料在防雾霾中的应用中防护基底层包括口罩、面部、耳、鼻、门布、窗布、纱窗、防尘纱布和网罩中的至少一种。
本发明提供的一种颗粒物阻隔材料及其在防雾霾中的应用的有益效果是：利用阳离子聚合物作为溶质溶解于溶剂中形成的颗粒物阻隔材料，且阳离子聚合物占颗粒物阻隔材料的质量百分比为0.1～10％。 颗粒物阻隔材料带有电荷，能够形成微电保护层，颗粒物质与带同种电荷的大分子物质相排斥，而达到阻止其通过；颗粒物质与带异种电荷的大分子物质相吸引从而凝聚为较大的颗粒物而沉淀降落，不再被人体吸收。颗粒物阻隔材料应用于防雾霾中，其能够有效地阻止空气中的悬浮颗粒物质，如过滤PM2.5。
具体实施方式
为使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述。实施例中未注明具体条件者，按照常规条件或制造商建议的条件进行。所用试剂或仪器未注明生产厂商者，均为可以通过市售购买获得的常规产品。
下面对本发明实施例的颗粒物阻隔材料及其在防雾霾中的应用进行具体说明。
颗粒物阻隔材料是由阳离子聚合物作为溶质溶解于溶剂中形成的。其中，阳离子聚合物占颗粒物阻隔材料的质量百分比为0.1～10％。阳离子聚合物是指长链上有阳离子基团的聚合物，一般都指水溶性聚合物。阳离子聚合物可以是通过化学合成制备的，也可以是天然的高分子化合物如：多糖、淀粉、纤维素、壳聚糖经化学合成制备而得到的。本实施例中，溶剂为水，水选自去离子水、蒸馏水、超纯水中的一种或多种，优选去离子水。
阳离子聚合物的质量百分比为0.1～10％，能够保证阳离子聚合物充分溶解于溶剂中，并且分布均匀，阳离子聚合物的质量百分比代表了100g颗粒物阻隔材料中含有阳离子聚合物的量，当阳离子聚合物的量越大时，阳离子聚合物对空气中的悬浮颗粒物的吸附能力逐渐增强，最终趋于稳定数值，但吸附力过强，易造成空气流通不顺，本实施例中选择阳离子聚合物的质量百分比为0.1～10％，不仅能够达到较佳的吸附过滤效果，同时还能保持空气流通顺畅。
阳离子聚合物由于其具有多种活泼的基团，可与许多物质亲和、吸附形成氢键。主要是絮凝带负电荷的胶体，阳离子聚合物具有除浊、脱色、吸附、粘合等功能。现有技术中，阳离子聚合物主要用于：沐浴液、洗面奶、洗发水、洗发香波，滋润沐浴露，护发素，焗油膏，洗手液等个人护理产品；用作水剂农药的增效剂；用作矿物浮选剂；用作高效阳离子乳化剂；与硅油、酯基季铵盐等复配用于织物柔软剂；用于造纸过程中的助流、助滤剂，树脂障碍控制剂；用于污水处理的絮凝助剂等领域。
本实施例将阳离子聚合物作为溶质溶解于溶剂中形成颗粒物阻隔材料，由于该颗粒物阻隔材料内带有阳离子，带电荷的颗粒物阻隔材料能够形成微电保护层，空气中的带有正电荷的悬浮颗粒物质与阳离子聚合物相互排斥，从而起到阻止悬浮颗粒物通过的作用，同时空气中带有负电荷的悬浮颗粒物质与阳离子聚合物相互吸引，从而凝聚为较大的颗粒而沉降，不再被人体吸入。
本实施例中阳离子聚合物占颗粒物阻隔材料的质量百分比为0.1～10％。其中，阳离子聚合物的种类有多种，本实施例中，优选阳离子聚合物包括聚季铵盐、阳离子烷基多糖苷、高分子阳离子烷基多糖苷、阳离子聚丙烯酰胺、阳离子瓜尔胶、阳离子淀粉、阳离子玉米淀粉、阳离子蛋白肽中的至少一种。更优选地，阳离子聚合物包括聚季铵盐、高分子阳离子烷基多糖苷、阳离子聚丙烯酰胺中的至少一种。
聚季铵盐的分子中有很多阳离子位置，在现有技术中多用于皮肤护理和头发护理中。本实施例中，选择聚季铵盐作为阳离子聚合物制成颗粒物阻隔材料，其吸附能力和阻隔颗粒物的能力强。本实施例中聚季铵盐选自聚季铵盐-7、聚季铵盐-10(阳离子纤维素)和聚季铵盐-39中的至少一种。应理解，聚季铵盐-10(阳离子纤维素)为各种型号，例如：JR-400、LR-400、JR-3000、LR-3000。
高分子阳离子烷基多糖苷是一种新型阳离子表面活性剂，其易溶于水，且具有极高的阳离子电荷密度。高分子阳离子烷基多糖苷的分子量为8000～12000，高分子阳离子烷基多糖苷作为阳离子聚合物制成的颗粒物阻隔材料，由于其具有极高的阳离子电荷密度，具有较佳的阻隔颗粒物的效果，同时其起泡力强，在将颗粒物阻隔材料喷涂于面部或布上，便于清洗。应理解，高分子阳离子烷基多糖苷是糖苷多个羟基中的一个发生烷基化反应形成的，其取代基为烷基，当然，在其他实施例中，取代基还可以包括羟烷基，例如：羟乙基、羟甲基等。
阳离子聚丙烯酰胺(CPAM)是线型高分子化合物，由于它具有多种活泼的基团，可与许多物质亲和、吸附形成氢键，从而使空气中的悬浮颗粒物质被吸附，有效的阻隔颗粒物被吸入。
进一步地，颗粒物阻隔材料中的溶质还包括阴离子聚合物，该阴离子聚合物占颗粒物阻隔材料的质量百分比为0.1～5.0％。
现有技术中，阴离子聚合物主要用于工业废水处理，还可用于饮用水澄清和净化处理。本实施例中，将阴离子聚合物和阳离子聚合物共同作为溶质溶解至溶剂中形成颗粒物阻隔材料，颗粒物阻隔材料中既有阴离子，又有阳离子，能够对空气中的带正电荷的、带负电荷的悬浮颗粒物进行吸附和排斥，针对的悬浮颗粒物的种类更多。
本实施例中，阴离子聚合物包括阴离子聚丙烯酰胺、黄原胶、羧甲基纤维素、海藻酸钠和聚丙烯酸酯中的至少一种。聚丙烯酰胺可以分为阴离子型聚丙烯酰胺、阳离子聚丙烯酰胺和非离子型聚丙烯酰胺三种类型，本实施例中，阳离子聚丙烯酰胺作为阳离子聚合物，阴离子型聚丙烯酰胺作为阴离子聚合物，混合使用，效果更好。同样地，将黄原胶、羧甲基纤维素、海藻酸钠和聚丙烯酸酯中的至少一种作为阴离子聚合物与阳离子聚合物混合使用，也能达到更优的过滤吸附效果。
此外，颗粒物阻隔材料还包括两亲性聚合物，两亲性聚合物占颗粒物阻隔材料的质量百分比为0.001～5.0％。两亲性聚合物是指在一个大分子中同时对两相都具有亲和性的聚合物，一般指分子结构中同 时含有亲水基团和疏水基团的聚合物。两亲性聚合物具有胶体保护、成膜性、吸湿性和凝聚作用，空气中除了带电荷的悬浮颗粒物质，还有很多不带电荷的悬浮颗粒物质，本实施例中，通过两亲性聚合物的成膜性，将不带电荷的悬浮颗粒物质包覆和吸附，从而避免悬浮颗粒物质被人体吸入。在将颗粒物阻隔材料喷涂于使用者的面部时，两亲性聚合物的亲水性的特性，便于使用者直接用清水清洗。
两亲性聚合物的种类有多种，本实施例中，两亲性聚合物包括聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、聚乙烯醇、聚乙二醇和胶原蛋白中的至少一种。具体地，聚乙烯吡咯烷酮的分子量优选为10K～90K，聚乙二醇的分子量优选为200～600或者1000～5000。
优选地，在本实施例中，颗粒物阻隔材料中还可以加入助溶剂和防腐剂等，其中助溶剂占颗粒物阻隔材料的质量百分比为5～12％，助溶剂选自乙醇、异丙醇或甘油。
颗粒物阻隔材料的制备方法简单，即将阳离子聚合物作为溶质溶解于溶剂中，混合均匀，可选择地向颗粒物阻隔材料中添加助溶剂和防腐剂，助溶剂能够帮助溶质溶解更均匀，同时防腐剂能够加强颗粒物阻隔材料的保存时间。制成的颗粒物阻隔材料带有电荷，通过将颗粒物阻隔材料应用于防雾霾中，能够阻止空气中的悬浮颗粒物被人体吸入。如上文所述，为了进一步提高颗粒物阻隔材料对悬浮颗粒物的过滤作用，还可以将阴离子聚合物和两亲性聚合物中的至少一种作为 溶质加入，与阳离子聚合物共同溶解于溶剂中，制成的颗粒物阻隔材料的过滤效果更佳。
承上述，本实施例中的颗粒物阻隔材料优选包括阳离子聚合物和两亲性聚合物，其中，阳离子聚合物为高分子阳离子烷基多糖苷，高分子阳离子烷基多糖苷占颗粒物阻隔材料的质量百分数为0.1～5％；两亲性聚合物为聚乙烯吡咯烷酮，聚乙烯吡咯烷酮占颗粒物阻隔材料的质量百分数为0.001～3％，并且进一步在颗粒物阻隔材料中添加作为助溶剂的乙醇9～11％。该配方下制得的颗粒物阻隔材料对雾霾的过滤效果好，防霾效果佳。
应理解，在生产使用中，所应用的阳离子聚合物、阴离子聚合物和两亲性聚合物不局限于本实施例所提供的部分阳离子聚合物、阴离子聚合物和两亲性聚合物。
此外，本实施例还提供了上述颗粒物阻隔材料在防雾霾中的应用。
具体地，将颗粒物阻隔材料在防护基底层的表面形成微电保护层，形成微电保护层的方法包括：在防护基底层的表面喷涂该颗粒物阻隔材料，或者将防护基底层浸泡于该颗粒物阻隔材料中。该防护基底层包括口罩、面部、耳、鼻、门布、窗布、纱窗、防尘纱布和网罩中的至少一种。
本实施例提供的颗粒物阻隔材料中选用的溶质均为安全、无毒，常被用于化妆品领域、医药制备领域的化合物，所以将该颗粒物阻隔 材料喷涂于面部和耳鼻等部位，安全、无副作用。同时两亲性聚合物的亲水性，使得喷涂于面部和耳鼻等部位的颗粒物阻隔材料容易清洗，无残留。喷涂于面部和耳鼻等部位的防雾霾方法特别适合于不愿意佩戴口罩等防霾设备的消费者使用，例如：儿童和老人；或者特殊场合不适宜佩戴口罩，但又需要进行防霾的消费者使用。同时喷涂于口罩、门布、窗布、纱窗、防尘纱布、网罩等上，能提高口罩、门布、窗布、纱窗、防尘纱布、网罩等对颗粒物质的过滤作用。
本实施例提供的颗粒物阻隔材料的喷雾量为：50mL喷100-150次，每次喷雾量0.3-0.5mL即可。喷雾距离没有要求，使用者自己拿着往脸上或口罩上喷即可。如果喷往纱窗上，以能比较均匀分散为准。个人使用每次0.3-0.5mL能达到防雾霾的目的，使用方法类似女生面部补水，这里不再具体阐述。
颗粒物阻隔材料能够适用于雾霾天气、粉尘严重的工厂、车间、交通运输工具内、空气中颗粒物超标的室外等场合。
颗粒物阻隔材料中包括阳离子聚合物、阴离子聚合物以及两亲性聚合物，而空气中的悬浮颗粒物质包含带正电荷的颗粒物质、带负电荷的颗粒物质以及中性颗粒物质，其中阳离子聚合物和阴离子聚合物能够对应于不同电荷的悬浮颗粒物质，颗粒物质与带同种电荷的聚合物相互排斥，而达到阻止颗粒物质通过的作用；颗粒物质与带异种电荷的聚合物相互吸引从而凝聚为较大的颗粒物而沉淀降落，不再被人 体吸收。而对于中性颗粒物质，如：烷烃、多环芳烃等具有亲油性，能够被两亲性聚合物吸附，从而起到防止颗粒物质通过的作用。
下面将结合具体实施例阐述颗粒物阻隔材料的成分和配比。
实施例1
本实施例提供的颗粒物阻隔材料由以下成分组成：聚季铵盐5％、乙醇10％，其余成分为水，溶解混匀。将本实施例中的颗粒物阻隔材料喷涂于口罩上，能够提高口罩的过滤效果，增强口罩的防雾霾能力。喷涂有本实施例提供的颗粒物阻隔材料的口罩对PM2.5的过滤效率达到了46.51％。
实施例2
本实施例提供的颗粒物阻隔材料由以下成分组成：聚季铵盐2％、阳离子聚丙烯酰胺0.5％、高分子阳离子烷基多糖苷0.1％、阴离子聚丙烯酰胺5％、乙醇8％，其余成分为水，溶解混匀。将本实施例中的颗粒物阻隔材料喷涂于口罩上，能够提高口罩的过滤效果，增强口罩的防雾霾能力。喷涂有本实施例提供的颗粒物阻隔材料的口罩对PM2.5的过滤效率达到了95.35％。
实施例3
本实施例提供的颗粒物阻隔材料由以下成分组成：高分子阳离子烷基多糖苷10％、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮2％、乙醇10％，其余成分为水， 溶解混匀。将本实施例中的颗粒物阻隔材料喷涂于口罩上，能够提高口罩的过滤效果，增强口罩的防雾霾能力。喷涂有本实施例提供的颗粒物阻隔材料的口罩对PM2.5的过滤效率达到了93.02％。
实施例4
本实施例提供的颗粒物阻隔材料由以下成分组成：聚季铵盐1％、高分子阳离子烷基多糖苷1％、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮0.001％、乙醇5％，其余成分为水，溶解混匀。将本实施例中的颗粒物阻隔材料喷涂于口罩上，能够提高口罩的过滤效果，增强口罩的防雾霾能力。喷涂有本实施例提供的颗粒物阻隔材料的口罩对PM2.5的过滤效率达到了97.67％。
实施例5
本实施例提供的颗粒物阻隔材料由以下成分组成：聚季铵盐0.1％、阴离子聚丙烯酰胺1％、黄原胶1％、羧甲基纤维素1％、海藻酸钠1％、聚丙烯酸酯1％、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮0.5％、聚乙烯醇0.5％、聚乙二醇0.5％、胶原蛋白0.5％、乙醇10％，其余成分为水，溶解混匀。将本实施例提供的颗粒物阻隔材料喷涂于房屋的门布、窗布、纱窗、网罩等，能够避免房屋外的悬浮颗粒物进入室内，以保证室内空气洁净。喷涂有本实施例提供的颗粒物阻隔材料的门布、窗布、纱窗、网罩对PM2.5或悬浮颗粒物的过滤效率达到了86％。
实施例6
本实施例提供的颗粒物阻隔材料由以下成分组成：聚季铵盐0.5％、阳离子烷基多糖苷1％、阳离子玉米淀粉1％、阳离子玉米淀粉0.5％、羧甲基纤维素0.5％、海藻酸钠0.5％、聚丙烯酸酯0.5％、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮1％、胶原蛋白1％、乙醇10％，其余成分为水，溶解混匀。将制成口罩的布、纱等浸泡于本实施例中提供的颗粒物阻隔材料中，能够加强布、纱的过滤效果，从而制得的口罩过滤效果更好。
实施例7
本实施例提供的颗粒物阻隔材料由以下成分组成：聚季铵盐2％、阳离子聚丙烯酰胺2％、高分子阳离子烷基多糖苷2％、阳离子瓜尔胶2％、阳离子玉米淀粉0.5％、阴离子聚丙烯酰胺0.5％、黄原胶0.5％、羧甲基纤维素0.5％、海藻酸钠0.5％、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮2％、聚乙二醇3％、乙醇12％，其余成分为水，溶解混匀。将本实施例提供的颗粒物阻隔材料喷涂于防雾霾设备，如防霾鼻塞、防霾耳塞、空气净化器等，以增强防雾霾设备的过滤效果。
实施例8
本实施例提供的颗粒物阻隔材料由以下成分组成：聚季铵盐2％、阳离子聚丙烯酰胺1％、高分子阳离子烷基多糖苷1％、阳离子瓜尔胶0.5％、阳离子玉米淀粉0.5％、阴离子聚丙烯酰胺2％、黄原胶2％、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮0.1％、聚乙烯醇0.1％、聚乙二醇0.1％、胶原蛋白0.5％、甘油9％，其余成分为水，溶解混匀。将本实施例提供的颗粒物阻隔材料喷涂于使用者的面部，从而减少雾霾的吸入量。
实施例9
本实施例提供的颗粒物阻隔材料由以下成分组成：聚季铵盐3％、阳离子聚丙烯酰胺1％、高分子阳离子烷基多糖苷1％、阳离子瓜尔胶3％、阳离子淀粉0.5％、阳离子蛋白肽0.5％、阴离子聚丙烯酰胺0.1％、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮0.5％、聚乙烯醇2％、聚乙二醇0.5％、异丙醇11％，其余成分为水，溶解混匀。将本实施例提供的颗粒物阻隔材料喷涂于使用者的面部，从而减少雾霾的吸入量。
承上述，本发明实施例利用阳离子聚合物作为溶质溶解于溶剂中形成的颗粒物阻隔材料，且阳离子聚合物占颗粒物阻隔材料的质量百分比为0.1～10％。颗粒物阻隔材料带有电荷，能够形成微电保护层，颗粒物质与带同种电荷的大分子物质相排斥，而达到阻止其通过；颗粒物质与带异种电荷的大分子物质相吸引从而凝聚为较大的颗粒物而沉淀降落，不再被人吸收。颗粒物阻隔材料应用于防雾霾中，其能够有效地吸附空气中的悬浮颗粒物质，如过滤PM2.5。
为了更好地理解本发明的实质和效果，下面将结合颗粒物阻隔材料喷涂于口罩上的检测结果进行阐述。
实验目标：测试防雾霾液样品对雾霾的防护效果，具体以对PM2.5的防护效果作为指标。
实验样品：PWM1、FWM2、FWM3、FWM4(分别对应于实施例1～4中提供的颗粒物阻隔材料)
实验设施：PM2.5检测仪一台(美国TSI，Dust Trak DRX 8533)
无纺布口罩、活性炭口罩、防颗粒物口罩各1个；
人工剪取面积为80cm2的无纺布口罩片段4片、活性炭口罩片段4片、防颗粒物口罩片段4片；
实验原理：利用PM2.5测试仪对采样点空气进行测试，测得PM2.5值，后测得不同口罩以及喷涂不同实验样品后的PM2.5值，用公式：
过滤效率＝(滤前PM2.5值-滤后PM2.5值)/滤前PM2.5值，
即可计算出对PM2.5的过滤效率。
实验方法：
一、口罩效果测试
1、打开PM2.5检测仪，调整为仪器最大流速1.5L/min，进行校准归零。
2、更换PM2.5测试头，测试采样点空气PM2.5值，待读数稳定后(约5分钟)，读取PM2.5数值，记录。
3、将无纺布口罩用橡皮筋包裹住PM2.5测试头，模拟佩戴口罩效果，然后开始采样，待读数稳定后(约5分钟)，读取PM2.5数值，记录。
4、重复上述2-3步骤，依次测得使用活性炭口罩前后、使用防颗粒物口罩前后的PM2.5值并记录。
5、计算得到，在未使用防雾霾喷雾样品情况下，无纺布口罩、活性炭口罩、防颗粒物口罩对采样点PM2.5的过滤效率。
二、防雾霾样品测试
1、配制防雾霾样品FWM1、FWM2、FWM3、FWM4。
2、让PM2.5测试头裸露在空气中，测试采样点空气PM2.5值，待读数稳定后(约5分钟)，读取PM2.5数值，记录。
3、剪取面积为80cm2的无纺布口罩片段，将无纺布口罩用橡皮筋包裹住PM2.5测试头，模拟佩戴口罩效果，然后向无纺布口罩上喷涂防雾霾样品FWM1，然后开始采样，待读数稳定后(约5分钟)，读取PM2.5数值，记录。
4、重复上述2-3步骤，依次测得无纺布口罩在喷涂防雾霾样品FWM2、FWM3、FWM4后的PM2.5值并记录。
5、重复上述2-4步骤，依次测得活性炭口罩、防颗粒物口罩在喷涂防雾霾样品FWM1、FWM2、FWM3、FWM4后的PM2.5值并记录。
测试结果如下：
Figure PCTCN2017072551-appb-000001
Figure PCTCN2017072551-appb-000002
注：每次测样前都让设备恢复到正常空气时的检测水平。
1、根据PM2.5检测仪的检测结果显示，防雾霾液FWM1、FWM2、FWM3、FWM4均能提高现有技术中口罩的过滤效果，其中编号：防 雾霾液FWM2、FWM4(也即是实施例2和实施例4提供的颗粒物阻隔材料)喷洒在无纺布口罩表面上，无纺布口罩滤过PM2.5的效率由32.5％提高至>95％。
2、由于检测机构所在城市每日的空气质量不同，所以实验室的PM2.5的基础数据有相应的变化。但基于多次实验的结果，基础数据的日常变化对检测防雾霾液效果的影响有限。
3、防雾霾液FWM2、FWM4的防雾霾能力很强，喷雾了FWM2、FWM4液的口罩都能阻止PM2.5穿过。
三、挑战实验
为了检测新开发的防雾霾液对高浓度PM2.5的阻止能力，特用2只香制造人造烟雾，其浓度保持在：0.407-0.216(mg/m3)，即216-407(ug/m3)的范围。实验结果列入下表。
产品类型 空气流速 使用剂量
PWM4 1.5L/min 0.025mL/cm2
项目 PM2.5(mg/m3) 过滤效率
空白口罩 0.280 31.20％
FWM4(5min) 0.016 96.07％
FWM4(15min) 0.008 98.03％
FWM4(25min) 0.005 98.77％
FWM4(35min) 0.003 99.26％
FWM4(50min) 0.066 83.78％
FWM4(55min) 0.067 83.54％
1小时后空气基础值 0.216 /
结论：
1、本实施例1～4提供的颗粒物阻隔材料应用于防雾霾能有效的阻挡PM2.5；
2、颗粒物阻隔材料应用于防雾霾中，并将颗粒物阻隔材料喷涂于普通口罩的表面能有效提高普通口罩的防PM2.5效率，使口罩的防PM2.5的效率由32.5％提高至>95％；
3、颗粒物阻隔材料(FWM4)的主要有效成分是广泛、长期用于日化产品(如洗发液)、口服和注射用药的生产，加水配制而成。是安全无副作用的。
以上所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。本发明的实施例的详细描述并非旨在限制要求保护的本发明的范围，而是仅仅表示本发明的选定实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种颗粒物阻隔材料，其特征在于，其包括阳离子聚合物，所述阳离子聚合物占所述颗粒物阻隔材料的质量百分比为0.1～10％。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的颗粒物阻隔材料，其特征在于，所述阳离子聚合物包括聚季铵盐、阳离子烷基多糖苷、高分子阳离子烷基多糖苷、阳离子聚丙烯酰胺、阳离子瓜尔胶、阳离子淀粉、阳离子玉米淀粉和阳离子蛋白肽中的至少一种。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的颗粒物阻隔材料，其特征在于，所述颗粒物阻隔材料还包括阴离子聚合物，所述阴离子聚合物占所述颗粒物阻隔材料的质量百分比为0.1～5.0％。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的颗粒物阻隔材料，其特征在于，所述阴离子聚合物包括阴离子聚丙烯酰胺、黄原胶、羧甲基纤维素、海藻酸钠和聚丙烯酸酯中的至少一种。
  5. 根据权利要求1～4任一项所述的颗粒物阻隔材料，其特征在于，所述颗粒物阻隔材料还包括两亲性聚合物，所述两亲性聚合物占所述颗粒物阻隔材料的质量百分比为0.001～5.0％。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的颗粒物阻隔材料，其特征在于，所述两亲性聚合物包括聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、聚乙烯醇、聚乙二醇和胶原蛋白中的至少一种，其中，所述聚乙烯吡咯烷酮的分子量为10K～90K；所述聚乙二醇的分子量为200～600或1000～5000。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的颗粒物阻隔材料，其特征在于，所述颗粒物阻隔材料还包括助溶剂，所述助溶剂占所述颗粒物阻隔材料的质量百分比为5～12％，所述助溶剂选自乙醇、异丙醇或甘油。
  8. 如权利要求1～7任一项所述的颗粒物阻隔材料在防雾霾中的应用。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的颗粒物阻隔材料在防雾霾中的应用，其特征在于，将所述颗粒物阻隔材料在防护基底层的表面形成微电保护层。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的颗粒物阻隔材料在防雾霾中的应用，其特征在于，所述防护基底层包括口罩、面部、耳、鼻、门布、窗布、纱窗、防尘纱布和网罩中的至少一种。
PCT/CN2017/072551 2017-01-06 2017-01-25 颗粒物阻隔材料及其在防雾霾中的应用 Ceased WO2018126504A1 (zh)

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