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WO2018123339A1 - 方向性電磁鋼板、変圧器の鉄心および変圧器ならびに変圧器の騒音の低減方法 - Google Patents

方向性電磁鋼板、変圧器の鉄心および変圧器ならびに変圧器の騒音の低減方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018123339A1
WO2018123339A1 PCT/JP2017/041463 JP2017041463W WO2018123339A1 WO 2018123339 A1 WO2018123339 A1 WO 2018123339A1 JP 2017041463 W JP2017041463 W JP 2017041463W WO 2018123339 A1 WO2018123339 A1 WO 2018123339A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
steel sheet
transformer
grain
oriented electrical
electrical steel
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/JP2017/041463
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
敬 寺島
渡邉　誠
俊人 ▲高▼宮
智幸 大久保
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
JFE Steel Corp
Original Assignee
JFE Steel Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by JFE Steel Corp filed Critical JFE Steel Corp
Priority to KR1020217039703A priority Critical patent/KR102459498B1/ko
Priority to CN202510182389.4A priority patent/CN120119239A/zh
Priority to KR1020197018150A priority patent/KR20190086531A/ko
Priority to CN201780080754.4A priority patent/CN110114508A/zh
Priority to EP17887457.4A priority patent/EP3533903B1/en
Priority to RU2019120073A priority patent/RU2716364C1/ru
Priority to US16/474,646 priority patent/US11894167B2/en
Priority to JP2018500598A priority patent/JP6354076B1/ja
Publication of WO2018123339A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018123339A1/ja
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/12—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
    • H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
    • H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
    • H01F1/12—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials
    • H01F1/14—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys
    • H01F1/147—Alloys characterised by their composition
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/12—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties
    • C21D8/1277—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties involving a particular surface treatment
    • C21D8/1283—Application of a separating or insulating coating
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C22/00—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C22/00—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C22/05—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions
    • C23C22/06—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6
    • C23C22/07—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6 containing phosphates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C22/00—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C22/05—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions
    • C23C22/06—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6
    • C23C22/07—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6 containing phosphates
    • C23C22/08—Orthophosphates
    • C23C22/12—Orthophosphates containing zinc cations
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C22/00—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C22/05—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions
    • C23C22/06—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6
    • C23C22/07—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6 containing phosphates
    • C23C22/08—Orthophosphates
    • C23C22/18—Orthophosphates containing manganese cations
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C22/00—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C22/05—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions
    • C23C22/06—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6
    • C23C22/07—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6 containing phosphates
    • C23C22/08—Orthophosphates
    • C23C22/18—Orthophosphates containing manganese cations
    • C23C22/188—Orthophosphates containing manganese cations containing also magnesium cations
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C22/00—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C22/05—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions
    • C23C22/06—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6
    • C23C22/07—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6 containing phosphates
    • C23C22/08—Orthophosphates
    • C23C22/20—Orthophosphates containing aluminium cations
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C22/00—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C22/05—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions
    • C23C22/06—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6
    • C23C22/07—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6 containing phosphates
    • C23C22/08—Orthophosphates
    • C23C22/22—Orthophosphates containing alkaline earth metal cations
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C22/00—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C22/73—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals characterised by the process
    • C23C22/74—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals characterised by the process for obtaining burned-in conversion coatings
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C22/00—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C22/78—Pretreatment of the material to be coated
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23G—CLEANING OR DE-GREASING OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY CHEMICAL METHODS OTHER THAN ELECTROLYSIS
    • C23G1/00—Cleaning or pickling metallic material with solutions or molten salts
    • C23G1/02—Cleaning or pickling metallic material with solutions or molten salts with acid solutions
    • C23G1/08—Iron or steel
    • C23G1/083—Iron or steel solutions containing H3PO4
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
    • H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
    • H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
    • H01F1/12—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials
    • H01F1/14—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys
    • H01F1/147—Alloys characterised by their composition
    • H01F1/153—Amorphous metallic alloys, e.g. glassy metals
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
    • H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
    • H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
    • H01F1/12—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials
    • H01F1/14—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys
    • H01F1/16—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys in the form of sheets
    • H01F1/18—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys in the form of sheets with insulating coating
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/33—Arrangements for noise damping
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/34—Special means for preventing or reducing unwanted electric or magnetic effects, e.g. no-load losses, reactive currents, harmonics, oscillations, leakage fields
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/24—Magnetic cores
    • H01F27/245—Magnetic cores made from sheets, e.g. grain-oriented

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet, a transformer core and a transformer, and a method for reducing noise of the transformer, and particularly to a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet having excellent low noise characteristics.
  • a coating is provided on the steel sheet surface in order to provide insulation, workability, rust prevention, and the like.
  • a film is usually composed of a base film mainly composed of forsterite formed at the time of final finish annealing and a phosphate-based topcoat film formed thereon.
  • the coating film is formed at a high temperature and has a low coefficient of thermal expansion, tension is applied to the steel sheet due to the difference in coefficient of thermal expansion between the steel sheet and the coating film when the temperature decreases to room temperature.
  • tension is applied to the steel sheet due to the difference in coefficient of thermal expansion between the steel sheet and the coating film when the temperature decreases to room temperature.
  • iron loss and magnetostriction are reduced.
  • the magnetostriction amplitude of the iron core is reduced, and the noise of the transformer can be kept low.
  • the need for low-noise transformers has increased, and therefore it is desired to impart as high tension as possible to the steel sheet.
  • Patent Document 1 has a film mainly composed of magnesium phosphate, colloidal silica and chromic anhydride
  • Patent Document 2 has a film mainly composed of aluminum phosphate, colloidal silica and chromic anhydride. Each has been proposed.
  • Patent Document 3 discloses P, Si, Cr and O elements and at least one element selected from the group consisting of Mg, Al, Ni, Co, Mn, Zn, Fe, Ca and Ba. There is disclosed a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet in which a high tensile stress is generated and iron loss is reduced by forming a coating containing 5% by mass or more of a phosphate crystal phase.
  • patent document 4 it is set as the high tension
  • Patent Document 5 a high-strength insulating coating that contains phosphate and colloidal silica as main components and that contains crystalline magnesium phosphate uniformly dispersed on the entire surface and does not contain chromium. are disclosed.
  • This invention solves the said subject, and it aims at providing the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet which can be processed as an iron core of a transformer, and can exhibit a low noise characteristic on the conditions which are actually working. It is another object of the present invention to provide a transformer core and a transformer using the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet and a method for reducing the noise of the transformer.
  • the cause of noise generation is that the tension applied to the steel sheet is greatly reduced at a temperature of about 100 ° C to 200 ° C.
  • the applied tension to the steel sheet at a temperature of about 100 ° C to 200 ° C which is the actual operating condition of the transformer, is lower than the applied tension to the steel sheet at room temperature that has been measured and evaluated so far. From the point of view, it turned out to be important. As a result of further investigation, it was also found that the tension applied to the steel sheet is increased by including a crystal phase in the insulating coating and utilizing crystallization.
  • the present invention has been made on the basis of such knowledge, and the gist thereof is as follows.
  • a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet having an insulating coating wherein the insulating coating comprises at least one selected from Mg, Ca, Ba, Sr, Zn, Al, Mn, and Co, and Si, P, and O.
  • [4] The grain-oriented electrical steel sheet according to any one of the above [1] to [3], wherein an average film thickness of the insulating coating is 4.5 ⁇ m or less.
  • [5] A transformer iron core using the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet according to any one of [1] to [4].
  • [6] A transformer provided with the iron core of the transformer according to [5].
  • [7] A method for reducing noise in a transformer, A method for reducing transformer noise, wherein the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet according to any one of the above [1] to [4] is used as the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet constituting the iron core of the transformer.
  • a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet having excellent low noise properties can be obtained.
  • Transformer noise can be reduced, which is useful as a material for low noise transformers.
  • the transformer core and transformer using the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet of the present invention are excellent in low noise.
  • the insulating coating formed on the surface of the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet of the present invention contains at least one selected from Mg, Ca, Ba, Sr, Zn, Al, Mn, Co and Si, P, O.
  • the crystallinity is 20% or more, and the minimum tension applied to the steel sheet of the insulating coating at 100 to 200 ° C. is 10 MPa or more.
  • the insulating coating is a phosphate-based tensile insulating coating (overcoat coating).
  • the cause of transformer noise is mainly due to magnetostriction of the iron core.
  • Magnetostriction is a phenomenon that expands and contracts when iron is magnetized, and it is known that magnetostriction increases when compressive stress is applied to iron.
  • the iron core of the transformer is formed by laminating steel plates, and several tens of tons of steel plates are used for large ones. Therefore, compressive stress acts on the steel plate due to its own weight. Therefore, if tension is given to the steel plate in advance, the influence of compressive stress can be counteracted. Therefore, an increase in magnetostriction can be prevented by applying as high a tension as possible to the steel sheet, and the noise of the transformer can be reduced.
  • the minimum applied tension to the steel sheet of the insulating coating at 100 ° C. to 200 ° C. is set to 10 MPa or more as the applied tension to the steel sheet.
  • Low noise characteristics can be improved by evaluating the minimum tension applied to the steel sheet with an insulating coating at 100 to 200 ° C, assuming that the transformer is actually in operation. Evaluation at temperatures below 100 ° C. or higher than 200 ° C. is inappropriate because it is too far from the actual operating temperature and improves low noise characteristics.
  • the minimum applied tension to the steel sheet is 10 MPa or more.
  • the insulation film tension is less than 10 MPa, the improvement of the compressive stress characteristic of magnetostriction is insufficient and the noise becomes large.
  • it is 12 MPa or more.
  • the upper limit is not particularly limited, but it is preferably 30 MPa or less from the viewpoint of economy because the cost is increased by increasing the tension more than necessary.
  • the tension applied to the steel sheet is the tension in the rolling direction, and is calculated from the amount of warpage of the steel sheet after peeling off the insulating coating on one side of the steel sheet using alkali, acid, etc., using the following formula (1).
  • Applied tension to steel plate [MPa] steel plate Young's modulus [GPa] ⁇ plate thickness [mm] ⁇ warp amount [mm] ⁇ (warp measurement length [mm]) 2 ⁇ 10 3 Formula (1)
  • the steel sheet Young's modulus is 132 GPa.
  • the measurement sample was heated from 100 ° C. to 200 ° C. at a rate of 20 ° C./hr, and the tension applied to the steel sheet calculated using the value of the warp amount when the warp amount was the smallest was from 100 ° C.
  • the minimum applied tension to the steel sheet of the insulating coating at 100 ° C. to 200 ° C. is 10 MPa or more.
  • the applied tension to the steel sheet of the insulating coating in the temperature range of 100 ° C. to 200 ° C. Means.
  • the insulating coating targeted in the present invention contains at least one selected from Mg, Ca, Ba, Sr, Zn, Al, Mn, and Co, and Si, P, and O. Further, the insulating coating of the present invention may contain Cr, but it is preferable not to contain Cr from the viewpoint of environmental load.
  • P forms a POP network structure as a phosphate, and is essential for ensuring the adhesion between the insulating coating substrate (metal substrate, forsterite coating, and other ceramic coatings) and the insulating coating.
  • Si forms a Si-O-Si network structure as a silicate, and contributes to the improvement of tension imparting properties due to the moisture absorption resistance, heat resistance, and thermal expansion coefficient of the insulating coating.
  • the insulating coating of the present invention may have a metal element other than the above.
  • the metal element include Li, Zr, Na, K, Hf, Ti, and W.
  • insulating coating can be determined by, for example, fluorescent X-ray analysis or GD-OES (glow discharge emission analysis).
  • the insulating coating of the present invention is, for example, a mixture of at least one selected from phosphates of Mg, Ca, Ba, Sr, Zn, Al, Mn, and Co, colloidal silica, and optional additives.
  • phosphates of Mg, Ca, Ba, Sr, Zn, Al, Mn, and Co
  • colloidal silica colloidal silica
  • optional additives colloidal silica, and optional additives.
  • the additive used arbitrarily is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include Li 2 O, NaOH, K 2 SO 4 , TiOSO 4 .nH 2 O, ZrO 2 , HfO 2 , Na 2 WO 4 and the like. Li 2 O and ZrO 2 are preferred.
  • the content ratio of the phosphate and colloidal silica in the treatment liquid is preferably 50 to 150 parts by mass, preferably 50 to 120 parts by mass of colloidal silica with respect to 100 parts by mass of phosphate in terms of solid matter. Is more preferable.
  • the content of the additive is preferably 1.0 to 15 parts by mass, more preferably 100 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of phosphate in terms of solid matter. 2.0 to 10 parts by mass.
  • the insulating film has a crystallinity of 20% or more.
  • a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet is provided with a vitreous insulating film mainly composed of phosphate.
  • This insulating film is formed at a high temperature of 800 ° C. to 1000 ° C.
  • the insulating coating is usually glassy, but the thermal expansion can be further reduced by dispersing a crystal phase having a low thermal expansion coefficient in the glass.
  • the insulating film contains a crystal phase of 20% or more in terms of crystallinity in order to improve the tension applied to the steel sheet.
  • the crystallinity needs to be 20% or more.
  • the upper limit of the degree of crystallinity may be 100%, that is, all may be a crystalline phase. However, it is preferably 80% or less from the viewpoint of corrosion resistance. More preferably, it is 60% or less.
  • the crystallinity is the ratio of the crystalline phase in the insulating film. The crystallinity is measured by the X-ray diffraction method, or the insulating film is lightly etched with acid, alkali, warm water, etc.
  • a desired crystallinity can be obtained by controlling the rate of temperature rise up to the baking temperature, the baking temperature, the baking time, etc. during the baking process.
  • the simplest method for precipitating a low thermal expansion crystal phase with a glassy insulating film mainly composed of phosphate is a method disclosed in Patent Documents 3 and 4 in which crystallization is performed by heat treatment or the like.
  • crystals of pyrophosphate (Mg 2 P 2 O 7 , Ni 2 P 2 O 7, etc.) are mainly precipitated.
  • These pyrophosphates, for example Mg 2 P 2 O 7 show an extremely small value of the average thermal expansion coefficient from 25 ° C to 1000 ° C, 43 ⁇ 10 -7 (° C -1 ). It greatly contributes to making it smaller.
  • Mg 2 P 2 O 7 shrinks due to structural phase transition at room temperature to around 70 ° C, so the average thermal expansion coefficient from 100 ° C to 1000 ° C is 70 ⁇ 10 -7 (° C -1 ). It gets bigger. Due to the shrinkage, the tension applied to the steel plate near 100 ° C. is greatly reduced.
  • pyrophosphates having a structural phase transition temperature of 200 ° C. or higher (for example, Zr 2 P 2 O 7 , (MgCo) 2 P 2 O 7 , Co 2 P 2 O 7 ) is preferably deposited. Further, for the purpose of avoiding the structural phase transition itself, it is more preferable to deposit another low thermal expansion crystal phase that is not pyrophosphate as the crystal phase to be generated.
  • a structural phase transition temperature for example, Zr 2 P 2 O 7 , (MgCo) 2 P 2 O 7 , Co 2 P 2 O 7
  • another low thermal expansion crystal phase that is not pyrophosphate for example, cordierite, ⁇ -spondyumene, quartz, zircon, phosphorus Examples thereof include zirconium acid-based and tungsten phosphate-based crystal phases.
  • the static friction coefficient of the insulating coating is preferably 0.21 or more and 0.50 or less, and more preferably 0.25 or more and 0.50 or less.
  • the iron core of the transformer is manufactured by laminating grain-oriented electrical steel sheets. However, the higher the static friction coefficient between the steel sheets, the more the laminated body tends to deform, so that the rigidity of the iron core increases and the noise can be kept lower. Therefore, 0.21 or more is preferable, and 0.25 or more is more preferable. On the other hand, in the iron core assembling work, it is necessary to adjust the shape by sliding the steel plate, and the workability is poor with a steel plate that does not slide too much. Therefore, 0.50 or less is preferable.
  • a static friction coefficient for example, by increasing the baking temperature or extending the time, the surface smoothness of the glassy coating is promoted, the roughness is lowered, and the contact area between the steel plates is increased to increase the static friction.
  • One way to increase the coefficient is.
  • a static friction coefficient can be measured by the method of the Example mentioned later.
  • the insulating coating does not contain Cr.
  • the effects of the present invention are exhibited even if Cr is not contained. Problems such as insufficient tension, deterioration of moisture absorption resistance, and fusion during strain relief annealing do not occur.
  • the average film thickness of the insulating coating is preferably 4.5 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 3.0 ⁇ m or less. If the average film thickness of the insulating coating becomes too thick, the space factor of the steel sheet decreases, the effective excitation magnetic flux density increases, and the magnetostrictive vibration increases. Therefore, the average film thickness of the insulating coating is preferably 4.5 ⁇ m or less, and more preferably 3.0 ⁇ m or less.
  • a ceramic coating mainly composed of forsterite is usually formed on the surface in advance before forming the insulating coating.
  • Other ceramic coatings such as TiN and Si 3 N 4 ) may be applied, or the coating of the present invention can be applied directly on the metal substrate.
  • insulating film forming method in the present invention An example of the insulating film forming method in the present invention will be described. Excess annealing separator is washed and removed from the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet after finish annealing, and then subjected to strain relief annealing as necessary to perform pickling treatment, water washing treatment, and the like. Next, an insulating coating solution is applied to the steel plate surface, baked and dried to form an insulating coating on the steel plate surface.
  • the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet after finish annealing either a steel sheet having a forsterite film or a steel sheet not having a forsterite film can be used.
  • the insulating coating treatment liquid only needs to contain at least one selected from Mg, Ca, Ba, Sr, Zn, Al, Mn, and Co, and Si, P, and O in the insulating coating.
  • the baking and drying conditions are such that the crystallinity is 20% or more, and the baking temperature is preferably crystallization temperature + 10 ° C. to 1100 ° C., more preferably 1000 ° C. or less.
  • the baking time is preferably 10 to 90 seconds. Naturally, it is necessary to exceed the crystallization temperature obtained by TG-DTA (Thermo Gravimetry-Differential Thermal Analysis) for crystallization, but in order to achieve a crystallinity of 20% or higher, crystallization is required.
  • TG-DTA Thermo Gravimetry-Differential Thermal Analysis
  • Baking is preferably performed at a temperature of + 10 ° C. or higher. In consideration of the sheet-penetrating property of the thin steel plate, it is preferably 1100 ° C. or lower, and more preferably 1000 ° C. or lower. For crystallization, the baking time is preferably maintained for 10 seconds or more, and preferably 90 seconds or less from the viewpoint of economy.
  • Thickness 0.23mm after the final annealed grain-oriented electrical steel sheet was sheared to a size of 300mm in the rolling direction and 100mm in the direction perpendicular to the rolling, and unreacted annealing separator (MgO as the main component) After removing the annealing separator) by washing, strain relief annealing (800 ° C., 2 hours, N 2 atmosphere) was performed. A forsterite film was formed on the surface of the steel sheet after strain relief annealing. Then, it pickled lightly with 5 mass% phosphoric acid.
  • MgO unreacted annealing separator
  • the basis weight after baking the treatment liquid (phosphate, colloidal silica, optional additives) shown in Table 1 on both surfaces of the steel sheet is 8 g / m 2 respectively.
  • a baking treatment was performed under various conditions shown in Table 1. Nitrogen was used as the atmosphere during the baking treatment.
  • phosphate a primary phosphate aqueous solution was used, and the amount was shown in terms of solid content.
  • colloidal silica AT-30 manufactured by ADEKA Co., Ltd. was used, and the amount was shown as SiO 2 in terms of solid content.
  • Average film thickness The average film thickness of one side was calculated from the average cross-sectional observation by SEM.
  • the degree of crystallinity is measured by finishing the insulating coating surface of the sample to a mirror surface by diamond slurry polishing and immersing it in 100 ° C ion exchange water for 30 minutes.
  • the area of the phase (AG) and the part that did not elute was regarded as the crystal phase (AC), and the area was measured.
  • the minimum applied tension to the steel sheet of the insulating coating at 100 ° C to 200 ° C is the tension in the rolling direction, and from the amount of warpage of the steel sheet after peeling the insulating coating on one side with alkali, acid, etc. It calculated using Formula (1).
  • Applied tension to steel plate [MPa] steel plate Young's modulus [GPa] ⁇ plate thickness [mm] ⁇ warp amount [mm] ⁇ (warp measurement length [mm]) 2 ⁇ 10 3 Formula (1)
  • the Young's modulus of the steel sheet was 132 GPa.
  • the amount of warpage between 100 ° C and 200 ° C was measured at a rate of 20 ° C / hr from 100 ° C to 200 ° C, and the value when the amount of warpage was the smallest was used (ie, from 100 ° C Minimum applied tension between 200 °C).
  • Static friction coefficient Static friction coefficient was measured using a static friction measuring machine TYPE10 manufactured by Shinto Kagaku Co., Ltd.
  • Transformer noise (low noise characteristics) Transformer noise was measured by making a transformer with a capacity of 100 kVA and measuring the noise at a location 1 m away from the transformer body.
  • the transformer noise can be reduced to 40 dBA or less in the present invention example.
  • Thickness 0.27mm, directional magnetic steel sheet after finish annealing, sheared to a size of 300mm in the rolling direction x 100mm in the direction perpendicular to the rolling, unreacted annealing separator (MgO as the main component) (Annealing separator to be removed) was washed and removed, followed by strain relief annealing (800 ° C., 2 hours, N 2 atmosphere). A forsterite film was formed on the surface of the steel sheet after strain relief annealing. Then, it pickled lightly with 5 mass% phosphoric acid.
  • MgO unreacted annealing separator
  • the weight per unit area after baking the treatment liquid (phosphate, colloidal silica, optional CrO 3 and additives) shown in Table 2 is 12 g / m. After coating so as to be 2 , baking was performed under various conditions shown in Table 2. Nitrogen was used as the atmosphere during the baking treatment.
  • each primary phosphate aqueous solution was used, and the amount was shown in terms of solid content.
  • the colloidal silica used was ST-C manufactured by Nissan Chemical Industries, Ltd., and the amount thereof was shown as solid content in terms of SiO 2 .
  • Average film thickness The average film thickness of one side was calculated from the average cross-sectional observation by SEM.
  • the minimum applied tension to the steel sheet of the insulating coating at 100 ° C. to 200 ° C. is the tension in the rolling direction, and the amount of warpage of the steel sheet after peeling the insulating coating on one side using alkali, acid, etc. It calculated using the following formula (1).
  • Applied tension to steel plate [MPa] steel plate Young's modulus [GPa] ⁇ plate thickness [mm] ⁇ warp amount [mm] ⁇ (warp measurement length [mm]) 2 ⁇ 10 3 Formula (1)
  • the Young's modulus of the steel sheet was 132 GPa.
  • the amount of warpage between 100 ° C and 200 ° C was measured by increasing the temperature of the sample from 100 ° C to 200 ° C at a rate of 20 ° C / hr, and using the value when the amount of warpage was the smallest (ie 100 ° C to 200 ° C). Minimum applied tension between °C).
  • Static friction coefficient Static friction coefficient was measured using a static friction measuring machine TYPE10 manufactured by Shinto Kagaku Co., Ltd.
  • Transformer noise Transformer noise was evaluated by measuring the noise at a location 1m away from the transformer body.
  • the transformer has a crystallinity of 20% or more and the minimum applied tension to the steel sheet at 100 ° C to 200 ° C is 10MPa or more regardless of whether or not the insulating coating treatment liquid contains Cr. It can be seen that the noise can be reduced to 40 dBA or less.
  • the influence of the average film thickness of the insulation film on the noise of the transformer was investigated.
  • the average film thickness of the insulating coating was changed by changing the coating amount as shown in Table 3 using the treatment liquids of No. 1, No. 2, and No. 3 shown in Example 2 and Table 2.
  • the thickness of 0.20mm directional electrical steel sheet produced by a known method was sheared to a size of 300mm in the rolling direction and 100mm in the direction perpendicular to the rolling, and unreacted.
  • strain relief annealing 800 ° C., 2 hours, N 2 atmosphere
  • a steel plate with a forsterite film formed on the surface was obtained.
  • a steel plate lightly pickled with mass% phosphoric acid was used.
  • Example 2 The average film thickness, crystal phase identification, crystallinity, minimum applied tension to the steel sheet at 100 ° C. to 200 ° C., static friction coefficient, and transformer noise were measured in the same manner as in Example 2.
  • the crystallinity of the insulating film is 20% or more and the minimum applied tension to the steel sheet at 100 ° C to 200 ° C is 10MPa or more. It can be seen that the noise can be reduced to 40 dBA or less.

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Abstract

変圧器の鉄心として加工され、実際に稼働している条件下で低騒音特性を発揮できる方向性電磁鋼板を提供する。　絶縁被膜を有する方向性電磁鋼板であり、前記絶縁被膜は、Mg、Ca、Ba、Sr、Zn、Al、Mn、Coのうちから選ばれる少なくとも1種と、Si、P、Oを含有し、結晶化度が20％以上であり、かつ、100℃から200℃における前記絶縁被膜の鋼板への最低付与張力が10MPa以上である方向性電磁鋼板である。好ましくは、絶縁被膜の静摩擦係数が0.21以上0.50以下である。好ましくは絶縁被膜はCrを含まない。

Description

方向性電磁鋼板、変圧器の鉄心および変圧器ならびに変圧器の騒音の低減方法
　本発明は、方向性電磁鋼板、変圧器の鉄心および変圧器ならびに変圧器の騒音の低減方法に関し、特に低騒音性に優れる方向性電磁鋼板に関するものである。
　一般に、方向性電磁鋼板においては、絶縁性、加工性および防錆性等を付与するために鋼板表面に被膜をもうける。かかる被膜は、通常、最終仕上焼鈍時に形成されるフォルステライトを主体とする下地被膜とその上に形成されるリン酸塩系の上塗り被膜からなる。
　上記被膜は高温で形成され、かつ、低い熱膨張率を持つことから、室温まで下がったときに鋼板と被膜との熱膨張率の差異により鋼板に張力を付与することになる。その結果、鉄損および磁歪を低減させる。特に磁歪が低減すると鉄心の磁歪振幅が小さくなり、変圧器の騒音を低く抑えることができる。近年、低騒音変圧器のニーズが高まってきており、そのため、できるだけ高い張力を鋼板に付与することが望まれている。
　このような高付与張力の要望を満たすために、従来から種々の被膜が提案されている。例えば、特許文献１には、リン酸マグネシウム、コロイド状シリカおよび無水クロム酸を主体とする被膜が、また特許文献２には、リン酸アルミニウム、コロイド状シリカおよび無水クロム酸を主体とする被膜がそれぞれ提案されている。
　しかしながら、特許文献１または特許文献２に記載のリン酸系ガラスコーティングにより発生する引張応力は十分であるとは言えず、さらなる改善が望まれている。
　これに対し、特許文献３には、Ｐ、Ｓｉ、ＣｒおよびＯの元素、ならびに、Ｍｇ、Ａｌ、Ｎｉ、Ｃｏ、Ｍｎ、Ｚｎ、Ｆｅ、ＣａおよびＢａからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも１種の元素を含有し、5質量％以上がリン酸塩の結晶相であるコーティングとすることにより、高い引張応力を発生させ、鉄損を低減する方向性電磁鋼板が開示されている。
　また、特許文献４では、表面に、りん酸金属塩とコロイド状シリカを主成分とし、該りん酸金属塩の結晶化度が60％以下とすることでクロムを含有しない高張力絶縁被膜とすることが、特許文献５では、りん酸塩とコロイド状シリカを主成分として含有し、かつ、結晶性のりん酸マグネシウムを、全面に、均一に分散して含有するクロムを含有しない高張力絶縁被膜とすることが、それぞれ開示されている。
　確かに、リン酸塩のガラス質の被膜の一部を結晶化することは、耐密着性の向上、鋼板への付与張力の向上に寄与するものである。しかしながら、特許文献３、４、５のいずれの技術も、実際に変圧器にした際に変圧器から生じる騒音が大きいという問題が生じることがわかった。
特開昭50-79442号公報 特開昭48-39338号公報 再表2013/099455号公報 特開2007-217758号公報 再表2007/136115号公報
　本発明は、上記課題を解決し、変圧器の鉄心として加工され、実際に稼働している条件下で低騒音特性を発揮できる方向性電磁鋼板を提供することを目的とする。また、前記方向性電磁鋼板を用いた変圧器の鉄心および変圧器ならびに変圧器の騒音の低減方法を提供することを目的とする。
　本発明者らが鋭意検討した結果、以下の知見を得た。
同じ方向性電磁鋼板にそれぞれ異なるコーティングを施し、変圧器騒音が低かった（すなわち低騒音）鋼板と変圧器騒音が高かった鋼板の違いについて鋭意調査研究を行ったところ、変圧器騒音が高かった鋼板では、実際の変圧器の運転中の条件下である100℃から200℃程度の温度において被膜の鋼板への付与張力が大きく低下してしまうことがわかった。
　この結果より、騒音発生の原因が、100℃から200℃程度の温度において鋼板への付与張力が大きく低下してしまうことによると考えられる。そして、これまで測定・評価していた室温での鋼板への付与張力ではなく、実際の変圧器の運転中の条件下である100℃から200℃程度の温度における鋼板への付与張力が低騒音の点から重要であることがわかった。さらに検討を進めた結果、絶縁被膜中に結晶相を含有させ、結晶化を利用することで鋼板への付与張力が高くなることも知見した。
　本発明はこのような知見に基づいてなされたものであり、以下を要旨とする。
［１］絶縁被膜を有する方向性電磁鋼板であり、前記絶縁被膜は、Mg、Ca、Ba、Sr、Zn、Al、Mn、Coのうちから選ばれる少なくとも1種と、Si、P、Oを含有し、結晶化度が20％以上であり、かつ、100℃から200℃における前記絶縁被膜の鋼板への最低付与張力が10MPa以上である方向性電磁鋼板。
［２］前記絶縁被膜の静摩擦係数が0.21以上0.50以下である上記［１］に記載の方向性電磁鋼板。
［３］前記絶縁被膜がCrを含まない上記［１］または［２］に記載の方向性電磁鋼板。
［４］前記絶縁被膜の平均膜厚が4.5μm以下である上記［１］～［３］のいずれかに記載の方向性電磁鋼板。
［５］上記［１］～［４］のいずれかに記載の方向性電磁鋼板を用いてなる変圧器の鉄心。
［６］上記［５］に記載の変圧器の鉄心を備える変圧器。
［７］変圧器の騒音を低減する方法であって、
該変圧器の鉄心を構成する方向性電磁鋼板として、上記［１］～［４］のいずれかに記載の方向性電磁鋼板を用いる、変圧器の騒音の低減方法。
　本発明によれば、低騒音性に優れる方向性電磁鋼板が得られる。変圧器騒音を低減することが可能となり、低騒音変圧器の素材として有用である。本発明の方向性電磁鋼板を用いた変圧器の鉄心および変圧器は、低騒音性に優れる。
　以下に、詳細に説明する。なお、成分組成の含有量の単位である「％」は特に断らない限り「質量％」を意味するものとする。
　本発明の方向性電磁鋼板の表面に形成される絶縁被膜は、Mg、Ca、Ba、Sr、Zn、Al、Mn、Coのうちから選ばれる少なくとも1種と、Si、P、Oを含有し、結晶化度は20％以上であり、かつ、100℃から200℃における絶縁被膜の鋼板への最低付与張力が10MPa以上である。
　なお、本発明において、絶縁被膜とは、リン酸塩系の張力絶縁被膜（上塗り被膜）である。
　変圧器の騒音の原因は主に鉄心の磁歪によるものとされている。磁歪とは鉄を磁化した際に伸縮する現象であり、圧縮応力を鉄に加えた場合に磁歪が大きくなることが知られている。変圧器の鉄心は鋼板を積層することで形成され、大きなものでは数十トンもの鋼板が用いられる。そのため鋼板には自重により圧縮応力が働く。そこで、あらかじめ鋼板に張力を与えておけば、圧縮応力の影響を打ち消すことができる。ゆえに、できるだけ高い張力を鋼板に与えることで磁歪の増加を防ぐことができ、変圧器の騒音を低くすることができる。
　以上の点から、本発明では、鋼板への付与張力として、100℃から200℃における絶縁被膜の鋼板への最低付与張力が10MPa以上とする。実際に変圧器の運転中を想定して100℃から200℃における絶縁被膜の鋼板への最低付与張力を評価することで、低騒音特性を向上させることができる。100℃未満あるいは200℃よりも高い温度での評価は実際の運転中の温度よりも乖離しすぎていて低騒音特性を向上させる点から不適である。また、鋼板への最低付与張力は10MPa以上とする。10MPa未満の絶縁被膜張力であると磁歪の圧縮応力特性の改善が不足し騒音が大きくなってしまう。好ましくは12MPa以上である。上限は特に限定しないが、必要以上に張力を高くすることでコスト増を招くことから経済性の観点で30MPa以下が好ましい。
　なお、100℃から200℃における絶縁被膜の鋼板への最低付与張力は、以下のようにして測定する。
　鋼板への付与張力は圧延方向の張力とし、鋼板片面の絶縁被膜をアルカリ、酸などを用いて剥離した後の鋼板のそり量から、下記式（１）を用いて算出する。
鋼板への付与張力［ＭＰａ］＝鋼板ヤング率［ＧＰａ］×板厚［ｍｍ］×そり量［ｍｍ］÷（そり測定長さ［ｍｍ］）2×１０3・・・式（１）
ただし、鋼板ヤング率は、１３２ＧＰａとする。
　そして、測定サンプルを100℃から200℃にかけて20℃/hrの速度で昇温し、もっともそり量が小さくなった時のそり量の値を用いて算出した鋼板への付与張力を、100℃から200℃における絶縁被膜の鋼板への最低付与張力とする。
　本発明において、100℃から200℃における絶縁被膜の鋼板への最低付与張力が10MPa以上であるとは、100℃から200℃の温度範囲における絶縁被膜の鋼板への付与張力が10MPa以上であることを意味する。
　本発明で対象とする絶縁被膜はMg、Ca、Ba、Sr、Zn、Al、Mn、Coのうちから選ばれる少なくとも1種と、Si、P、Oを含有する。また、本発明の絶縁被膜はCrを含有してもよいが、環境負荷の観点からはCrを含有しないことが好ましい。
Pはリン酸塩としてP-O-Pのネットワーク構造を形成し、絶縁被膜素地（金属素地や、フォルステライト被膜、その他セラミックス被膜などの下地被膜）と絶縁被膜との密着性を確保するのに必須である。
Siはケイ酸塩としてSi-O-Siのネットワーク構造を形成し、絶縁被膜の耐吸湿性、耐熱性およびその熱膨張係数の小ささから張力付与性の向上に寄与する。
P-O-PやSi-O-Siのネットワーク構造同士を安定的に保つためには、Mg、Ca、Ba、Sr、Zn、Al、Mn、Coのうちから選ばれる少なくとも1種の金属元素を含有させる必要がある。
また、本発明の絶縁被膜は、上記以外の金属元素を有していてもよい。前記金属元素としては、Li、Zr、Na、K、Hf、Ti、Wが挙げられる。
　なお、絶縁被膜中に上記の元素が含まれているかどうかについては、例えば蛍光X線分析やGD-OES（グロー放電発光分析）によって判別することが出来る。
　本発明の絶縁被膜は、例えば、Mg、Ca、Ba、Sr、Zn、Al、Mn、Coのリン酸塩のうちから選ばれる少なくとも1種、コロイド状シリカ、及び任意に用いられる添加物を混合した処理液を、例えば、方向性電磁鋼板の表面に塗布し、次いで、焼付け処理を行うことで上記のような構成からなる絶縁被膜を得ることができる。処理液中での相溶性や分散性の向上のためにコロイド状シリカのシリカ表面にAl等の表面処理を行ったり、コロイド溶液中へアルミン酸塩等の分散剤を適宜添加してもよい。また、リン酸塩の種類としては第一リン酸塩（重リン酸塩）が入手容易であり好適に用いることができる。
　前記任意に用いられる添加物としては、特に限定されるものではないが、Li2O、NaOH、K2SO4、TiOSO4・nH2O、ZrO2、HfO2、Na2WO4等が挙げられ、Li2O、ZrO2が好ましい。
また、処理液中のリン酸塩とコロイド状シリカとの含有割合は、固形物換算において、リン酸塩１００質量部に対して、コロイド状シリカ５０～１５０質量部が好ましく、５０～１２０質量部がより好ましい。また、任意の添加物を用いる場合は、前記添加物の含有量は、固形物換算で、リン酸塩１００質量部に対して、前記添加物１．０～１５質量部が好ましく、より好ましくは２．０～１０質量部である。
　絶縁被膜は結晶化度が20％以上である。
一般的に、方向性電磁鋼板にはリン酸塩を主体とするガラス質の絶縁被膜が施されている。この絶縁被膜は800℃から1000℃といった高温で形成される。絶縁被膜の熱膨張係数を鋼板よりも小さくすることで絶縁被膜焼付け後において鋼板に引張応力を与えることができる。絶縁被膜はガラス質であることが通常であるが、低熱膨張係数の結晶相をガラス中に分散させることで、より低熱膨張にすることができる。
　上記の点より、本発明では、絶縁被膜中には鋼板へ付与する張力の改善のために結晶相をその結晶化度で20％以上含有させる。絶縁被膜の熱膨張係数を十分低下させるためには結晶化度は20％以上必要である。結晶化度の上限は100％、すなわちすべて結晶相であってもよい。しかしながら、耐食性などの点から80％以下にすることが好ましい。さらに好ましくは60％以下である。
なお、結晶化度とは絶縁被膜中の結晶相の割合のことで、結晶化度はX線回折による方法、あるいは絶縁被膜を軽く酸やアルカリまたは温水等でエッチングし、ガラス相と結晶相のエッチングレートの違いを利用して表面の凹凸を観察しその面積率を求める方法等により求めることができる。簡便に測定できる点から、後者の方法が好ましい。
焼付け処理を行う際の焼付け温度までの昇温速度、焼付け温度、焼付け時間等を制御することにより所望の結晶化度を得ることができる。
　リン酸塩を主体とするガラス質の絶縁被膜で最も簡易に低熱膨張の結晶相を析出させる方法は、熱処理などで結晶化を行う特許文献３や４に開示されている方法である。この方法では主にピロリン酸塩（Mg2P2O7やNi2P2O7等）の結晶が析出する。これらピロリン酸塩は例えばMg2P2O7では25℃から1000℃の平均の熱膨張係数は43×10-7（℃-1）と非常に小さい値を示すため絶縁被膜の熱膨張係数を小さくすることに大きく寄与する。しかしながら、Mg2P2O7は室温から70℃前後の温度で構造相転位を起こして収縮するため、100℃から1000℃の平均の熱膨張係数は70×10-7（℃-1）と大きくなってしまう。この収縮の影響で100℃付近での鋼板への付与張力は大きく減少してしまう。
　変圧器の鉄心は絶縁油に浸漬されており、運転中に鉄損、銅損などのエネルギーロスに起因してその絶縁油は150℃前後の温度まで昇温する。そのため実際に使用されている状態での騒音に寄与するのは100℃から200℃の温度での磁歪の圧縮応力特性である。従来のガラス相のみの絶縁被膜でも温度上昇により室温での張力と比べて若干の張力低下が起こるがその程度はおおむね（焼付温度－鉄心温度）÷（焼付温度－室温）程度であり、焼付温度800℃と仮定しても（800-150）/（800-25）＝0.84とおおよそ16％程度の減少である。
この現象はピロリン酸塩では一般的な現象である。ただし、ピロリン酸塩の種類によって構造相転位を起こす温度は異なるため、構造相転位温度が200℃以上であるピロリン酸塩（例えば、Zr2P2O7、(MgCo)2P2O7、Co2P2O7）を析出させることが好ましい。
また、構造相転位自体を避ける目的で、生成する結晶相としてピロリン酸塩ではない別の低熱膨張結晶相を析出させることがさらに好ましく、たとえば、コーディエライト、β-スポンジュメン、石英、ジルコン、リン酸ジルコニウム系、リン酸タングステン系の結晶相があげられる。
　絶縁被膜の静摩擦係数は0.21以上0.50以下であることが好ましく、0.25以上0.50以下であることがさらに好ましい。変圧器の鉄心は方向性電磁鋼板を積層して作製されるが、鋼板間の静摩擦係数が高いほど積層体が一体で変形しようとするため鉄心の剛性が高まりより騒音を低く抑えることができる。よって0.21以上が好ましく0.25以上がさらに好ましい。一方、鉄心組立作業においては鋼板を滑らせて形を整える必要があり、あまりに滑らない鋼板では作業性が劣る。よって0.50以下が好ましい。
静摩擦係数の調整方法としては、例えば、焼付温度を上げたり、時間を延長することで、ガラス質の被膜の表面平滑化を促進し、粗度を低下させ、鋼板同士の接触面積を増やして静摩擦係数を上げる方法があげられる。
静摩擦係数は、後述する実施例の方法にて測定することができる。
　絶縁被膜にはCrを含まないことが環境負荷の観点から好ましい。本発明では、Crを含有しなくても、本発明の効果は奏する。張力付与不足、耐吸湿性の劣化、歪取焼鈍時の融着等の問題は生じない。
　絶縁被膜の平均膜厚は4.5μm以下が好ましく、3.0μm以下がさらに好ましい。絶縁被膜の平均膜厚が厚くなりすぎると鋼板の占積率が低下し、実効励磁磁束密度が高くなってしまい磁歪振動が大きくなってしまう。よって、絶縁被膜の平均膜厚は4.5μm以下が好ましく、3.0μｍ以下であることがさらに好ましい。
　本発明の絶縁被膜を有する方向性電磁鋼板は、絶縁被膜形成前には予め表面にフォルステライトを主体とするセラミックス被膜が形成されていることが通常であるが、その表面に金属窒化物などの他のセラミックス被膜（例えばTiNやSi3N4など）が施されていてもかまわないし、金属素地の上に直接本発明の被膜を施すことも出来る。
　本発明における絶縁被膜形成方法の一例について説明する。仕上げ焼鈍後の方向性電磁鋼板に対して、余剰の焼鈍分離剤を水洗除去した後、必要に応じて歪取り焼鈍を行い、酸洗処理、水洗処理等を行う。次いで、絶縁被膜処理液を鋼板表面に塗布し、焼付け、乾燥を行い、鋼板表面に絶縁被膜を形成する。仕上げ焼鈍後の方向性電磁鋼板として、フォルステライト被膜を有する鋼板、フォルステライト被膜を有しない鋼板のいずれも用いることができる。絶縁被膜処理液は、絶縁被膜中に、Mg、Ca、Ba、Sr、Zn、Al、Mn、Coのうちから選ばれる少なくとも1種と、Si、P、Oを含有するものであればよい。焼付け条件、乾燥条件は、結晶化度を20％以上とするため、焼付温度は結晶化温度+10℃以上～1100℃以下とすることが好ましく、1000℃以下とすることがさらに好ましい。焼付時間は、10秒から90秒とすることが好ましい。結晶化のためにはTG-DTA（Thermo Gravimetry-Differential Thermal Analysis）により求めた結晶化温度以上とする必要があることは当然であるが、結晶化度を20％以上とするためには結晶化温度+10℃以上で焼付することが好ましい。また、薄鋼板の通板性を考慮すると1100℃以下が好ましく、1000℃以下がさらに好ましい。結晶化のために焼付時間は10秒以上の保持が好ましく、経済性の観点から90秒以下とすることが好ましい。
　公知の方法で製造された板厚：0.23mmの仕上焼鈍後の方向性電磁鋼板を圧延方向300mm×圧延直角方向100mmの大きさにせん断し、未反応の焼鈍分離剤（MgOを主成分とする焼鈍分離剤）を水洗除去したのち、歪取焼鈍（800℃、２時間、N2雰囲気）を行った。歪取焼鈍後の前記鋼板表面にはフォルステライト被膜が形成していた。次いで、５質量％リン酸で軽酸洗した。以上より得られた方向性電磁鋼板に対して、表１に示す処理液（リン酸塩、コロイド状シリカ、任意の添加物）を鋼板の両面に焼付け処理後の目付量が各々8g/m2 となるように塗布したのち、表1に示す種々の条件で焼付け処理を行った。焼付け処理時の雰囲気は窒素を用いた。
　リン酸塩は各々第一リン酸塩水溶液を使用し、その量は固形分換算したものを示した。
　コロイド状シリカは株式会社ADEKA製AT-30を用い、その量についてはSiO2として固形分換算で示した。
　平均膜厚
絶縁被膜の平均膜厚はSEMによる割断面観察から片面での平均の膜厚を算出した。
　結晶相の同定
結晶相の同定にはX線回折法を用いた。
　結晶化度
結晶化度の測定は、試料の絶縁被膜表面をダイヤモンドスラリー研磨にて鏡面に仕上げ、100℃のイオン交換水に３０分浸漬したのち、表面をSEM観察して、溶出した部分をガラス相（AG）、溶出しなかった部分を結晶相（AC）としてその面積を測定して結晶化度R＝AC/（AC+AG）×100にて算出した。
　100℃から200℃における絶縁被膜の鋼板への最低付与張力
鋼板への付与張力は圧延方向の張力とし、片面の絶縁被膜をアルカリ、酸などを用いて剥離した後の鋼板のそり量から、下記式（１）を用いて算出した。
鋼板への付与張力［ＭＰａ］＝鋼板ヤング率［ＧＰａ］×板厚［ｍｍ］×そり量［ｍｍ］÷（そり測定長さ［ｍｍ］）2×１０3・・・式（１）
ただし、鋼板ヤング率は、１３２ＧＰａとした。
100℃から200℃間のそり量の測定はサンプルを100℃から200℃にかけて20℃/hrの速度で昇温し、もっともそり量が小さくなった時の値を用いた（すなわち、100℃から200℃間の最低付与張力）。
　静摩擦係数
静摩擦係数は新東科学株式会社製静摩擦測定機TYPE10を使用し、測定した。
　変圧器騒音（低騒音特性）
変圧器の騒音は100ｋVAの容量を持つ変圧器を作製し、変圧器本体から１ｍ離れた場所で騒音を測定して評価した。
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-T000001
  
　以上の結果から、本発明例では、変圧器騒音を40dBA以下にすることができる。
　公知の方法で製造された板厚：0.27mmの仕上焼鈍後の方向性電磁鋼板を圧延方向300mm×圧延直角方向100 mmの大きさにせん断し、未反応の焼鈍分離剤（MgOを主成分とする焼鈍分離剤）を水洗除去したのち、歪取焼鈍（800℃、２時間、N2雰囲気）を行った。歪取焼鈍後の前記鋼板表面にはフォルステライト被膜が形成していた。次いで、５質量％リン酸で軽酸洗した。以上により得られた方向性電磁鋼板に対して、表2に示す処理液（リン酸塩、コロイド状シリカ、任意のCrO3および添加物）を両面に焼付け処理後の目付量が各々12g/m2となるように塗布したのち、表２に示す種々の条件で焼付け処理を行った。焼付け処理時の雰囲気は窒素を用いた。
　リン酸塩はおのおの第一リン酸塩水溶液を使用し、その量は固形分換算したものを示した。
　コロイド状シリカは日産化学工業株式会社製ST-Cを用い、その量についてはSiO2として固形分換算で示した。
　平均膜厚
絶縁被膜の平均膜厚はSEMによる割断面観察から片面での平均の膜厚を算出した。
　結晶相の同定
結晶相の同定にはX線回折法を用いた。
　結晶化度
結晶化度の測定は、試料の絶縁被膜表面をダイヤモンドスラリー研磨にて鏡面に仕上げ、100℃のイオン交換水に３０分浸漬したのち、表面をSEM観察して溶出した部分をガラス相（AG）、溶出しなかった部分を結晶相（AC）としてその面積を測定して結晶化度R＝AC/（AC+AG）×100にて算出した。
　100℃から200℃における前記絶縁被膜の鋼板への最低付与張力
鋼板への付与張力は圧延方向の張力とし、片面の絶縁被膜をアルカリ、酸などを用いて剥離した後の鋼板のそり量から、下記式（１）を用いて算出した。
　鋼板への付与張力［ＭＰａ］＝鋼板ヤング率［ＧＰａ］×板厚［ｍｍ］×そり量［ｍｍ］÷（そり測定長さ［ｍｍ］）2×１０3・・・式（１）
ただし、鋼板ヤング率は、１３２ＧＰａとした。
100℃から200℃間のそり量の測定はサンプルを100℃から200℃にかけて20℃/hrの速度で昇温し、もっともそり量が小さくなった時の値を用いた（つまり100℃から200℃間の最低付与張力）。
　静摩擦係数
静摩擦係数は新東科学株式会社製静摩擦測定機TYPE10を使用し、測定した。
　変圧器騒音
変圧器の騒音は100ｋVAの容量を持つ変圧器を作製し、変圧器本体から１ｍ離れた場所で騒音を測定して評価した。
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-T000002
  
　表２に示すとおり、絶縁被膜処理液にCrを含んでも含まなくても絶縁被膜の結晶化度が20％以上かつ100℃から200℃における鋼板への最低付与張力が10MPa以上であると変圧器の騒音を40dBA以下にすることができることがわかる。
　絶縁被膜の平均膜厚が変圧器の騒音に及ぼす影響を調べた。実施例２、表２に示すNo.１、No.２、No.３の処理液を用いて塗布量を表３に示すとおりにすることで絶縁被膜の平均膜厚を変更した。絶縁被膜を形成する供試鋼板としては、公知の方法で製造された板厚：0.20mmの仕上焼鈍後の方向性電磁鋼板を圧延方向300mm×圧延直角方向100mmの大きさにせん断し、未反応の焼鈍分離剤（MgOを主成分とする焼鈍分離剤）を除去した後、歪取焼鈍（800℃、２時間、N2雰囲気）を行い、表面にフォルステライト被膜が形成された鋼板を、５質量％リン酸で軽酸洗した鋼板を用いた。
　平均膜厚、結晶相の同定、結晶化度、100℃から200℃における前記被膜の鋼板への最低付与張力、静摩擦係数、変圧器騒音は、実施例２と同様の方法にて測定した。
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-T000003
  
　表３に示す通り、絶縁被膜処理液にCrを含んでも含まなくても絶縁被膜の結晶化度が20％以上かつ100℃から200℃における鋼板への最低付与張力が10MPa以上あると変圧器の騒音を40dBA以下にすることができることがわかる。

Claims (7)

  1. 　絶縁被膜を有する方向性電磁鋼板であり、
    前記絶縁被膜は、Mg、Ca、Ba、Sr、Zn、Al、Mn、Coのうちから選ばれる少なくとも1種と、Si、P、Oを含有し、結晶化度が20％以上であり、
    かつ、100℃から200℃における前記絶縁被膜の鋼板への最低付与張力が10MPa以上である方向性電磁鋼板。
  2. 　前記絶縁被膜の静摩擦係数が0.21以上0.50以下である請求項１に記載の方向性電磁鋼板。
  3. 　前記絶縁被膜がCrを含まない請求項１または２に記載の方向性電磁鋼板。
  4. 　前記絶縁被膜の平均膜厚が4.5μm以下である請求項１～３のいずれかに記載の方向性電磁鋼板。
  5. 　請求項１～４のいずれかに記載の方向性電磁鋼板を用いてなる変圧器の鉄心。
  6. 　請求項５に記載の変圧器の鉄心を備える変圧器。
  7. 　変圧器の騒音を低減する方法であって、
    該変圧器の鉄心を構成する方向性電磁鋼板として、請求項１～４のいずれかに記載の方向性電磁鋼板を用いる、変圧器の騒音の低減方法。
PCT/JP2017/041463 2016-12-28 2017-11-17 方向性電磁鋼板、変圧器の鉄心および変圧器ならびに変圧器の騒音の低減方法 Ceased WO2018123339A1 (ja)

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