WO2018121666A1 - Detector having grating-type double-flashing transistors, and monitoring apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

A detector having grating-type double-flashing transistors, and a monitoring apparatus. The detector having grating-type double-flashing transistors comprises: a housing comprising a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet, wherein the fluid inlet and the fluid outlet are configured to enable a fluid to flow into the housing via the fluid inlet and to flow out of the housing via the fluid outlet; a plurality of double-flashing transistors configured in the housing and contacting with the fluid to enable substances in the fluid to excite the plurality of double-flashing transistors to emit photons; and at least one photomultiplier used to collect the photons emitted by the double-flashing transistors and generate a signal; wherein the plurality of double-flashing transistors separate from each other and spread along a substantially transverse direction from the fluid inlet to the fluid outlet.

Description

Grid type double scintillation crystal detector and monitoring equipment Technical field

The invention relates to the field of detection technology, in particular to a gate type double scintillation crystal detector and a monitoring device.

Background technique

With the continuous advancement and development of industrial modernization and the improvement of industrialization level, environmental and groundwater resources are increasingly polluted by industrial wastewater. In recent years, environmental pollution accidents have also been associated with industrial wastewater. How to protect the ecological environment and maintain the ecological balance has become a crucial link for the monitoring of industrial wastewater. For the discharge of liquids containing trace amounts of radioactive elements, there are currently a variety of devices on the market that can monitor total alpha and total beta activity in liquids, and most of them are off-line monitoring devices.

Summary of the invention

According to an aspect of the invention, a gate type double scintillation crystal detector is provided, comprising:

a housing defining a built-in space, including a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet, the fluid inlet and the fluid outlet being configured such that fluid flows from the fluid inlet into the housing and out of the housing from the fluid outlet;

a plurality of double scintillation crystals disposed in the housing for emitting photons by contacting the fluid such that a substance within the fluid excites the plurality of double scintillation crystals;

At least one photomultiplier tube for collecting photons emitted by the double scintillation crystal and emitting a signal;

Wherein the plurality of double scintillation crystals extend in a generally lateral direction of the fluid inlet toward the fluid outlet and are spaced apart from one another.

In one embodiment, each of the plurality of double scintillation crystals comprises a plastic scintillator and a ZnS film coated on the surface of the plastic scintillator.

In one embodiment, the housing has a rectangular parallelepiped shape including a first side and a second side opposite the first side, a fluid inlet is disposed on the first side, and a fluid outlet is disposed on the second side;

The plurality of double scintillation crystals extend in a generally lateral direction of the fluid inlet toward the fluid outlet between the first side and the second side of the housing.

In one embodiment, the housing is generally cylindrical, the fluid inlet and the fluid outlet are disposed on opposite sides of the circumference of the cylindrical housing, the plurality of double scintillation crystals are along the longitudinal direction of the cylindrical housing extend.

In one embodiment, a plurality of double scintillation crystals are alternately disposed on the sidewall between the first side and the second side of the housing such that one or both of the double scintillation crystals on one side wall are on opposite sides The double scintillation crystals on the wall extend between the fluids from the fluid inlet, flowing between the alternately disposed plurality of scintillation crystals, and flowing out of the housing from the fluid outlet.

In one embodiment, a plurality of double scintillation crystals are alternately disposed on sidewalls of both ends of the cylindrical housing such that one or two double scintillation crystals on one sidewall are double scintillation crystals on opposite sidewalls The extension extends so that fluid flows in from the fluid inlet, flows between the alternately disposed plurality of scintillation crystals, and flows out of the housing from the fluid outlet.

In one embodiment, at least one photomultiplier tube is disposed on a sidewall of the housing provided with a plurality of double scintillation crystals for optical coupling with the ends of the plurality of double scintillation crystals, detecting the plurality of pairs Photons emitted by the scintillation crystal.

In one embodiment, the plurality of double scintillation crystals are a plurality of plate shaped double scintillation crystals.

In one embodiment, the plurality of double scintillation crystals are a plurality of fibrous double scintillation crystals.

In one embodiment, the outer portion of the housing is coated with a light-protecting material and/or an inner wall coated reflective layer to block external light from entering the housing.

Another aspect of the present invention also provides a monitoring apparatus comprising the aforementioned gate type double scintillation crystal detector.

In an embodiment, the monitoring device further includes:

Equipment inlet, fluid entering the equipment from the equipment inlet;

a particulate filter configured to filter solid particles in the fluid;

An ultraviolet sterilization device configured to sterilize the fluid using ultraviolet rays;

a metering pump configured to measure fluid volume;

a data processing device configured to collect, store, and display data; and

At the outlet of the device, the fluid flows out of the monitoring device from the outlet of the device;

Wherein the inlet of the liquid device to be inspected flows in, the solid particles are filtered through the particle filter, and then sterilized by ultraviolet rays, and then the fluid is measured by the metering pump, and after the measurement, the gate type double scintillation crystal detector is entered, and finally the device is The exit is out.

DRAWINGS

1 is a schematic perspective view of a gate type double scintillation crystal detector according to an embodiment of the present invention;

2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a gate type double scintillation crystal detector according to an embodiment of the present invention;

3 is a schematic view showing the arrangement of a double scintillation crystal of a gate type double scintillation crystal detector according to an embodiment of the present invention;

4 is a functional block diagram of a monitoring device in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.

detailed description

While the invention is susceptible to various modifications and alternative forms, the specific embodiments are illustrated in the drawings It is to be understood, however, that the appended claims are not in the All modifications, equivalents, and alternatives. The figures are for illustrative purposes and are therefore not drawn to scale.

The offline monitoring device in the prior art basically adopts an evaporation concentration method, that is, pre-treating the water sample in the area to be monitored (including sampling, concentration, conversion, washing, burning, ashing, weighing, etc.), and then The concentrated solid is detected by using a corresponding detector (double flash detector or silicon detector), and the total α and total β activity in the liquid in the sampling area during the sampling period are reversed by the detection result to achieve the monitoring purpose.

Although the offline monitoring equipment is mature, the operation is cumbersome, and there are many intermediate steps from sampling to giving results; the accuracy of the monitoring results is low, and any slight water sample loss or sample contamination during the operation will cause deviations in the monitoring results; Operators are at risk of radiation; and, in real time, real-time monitoring is not possible.

Various embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a gate type double scintillation crystal detector according to an embodiment of the present invention; and FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a gate type double scintillation crystal detector according to an embodiment of the present invention.

One embodiment of the present invention provides a gate type double scintillation crystal detector 10 comprising:

The housing 110 defines a built-in space, the housing 110 includes a fluid inlet 112 and a fluid outlet 113, the fluid inlet 112 and the fluid outlet 113 being configured such that fluid flows from the fluid inlet 112 into the housing 110, flowing out of the fluid outlet 113 Housing 110;

a plurality of double scintillation crystals 111 disposed in the housing 110 for emitting photons by contacting the fluid such that the substances in the fluid excite the plurality of double scintillation crystals 111;

At least one photomultiplier tube 120 for collecting photons emitted by the double scintillation crystal 111 and emitting a signal;

Wherein, the plurality of double scintillation crystals 111 extend in a substantially lateral direction of the fluid inlet 112 toward the fluid outlet 113 and are spaced apart from each other. Referring to FIG. 3, the direction of the fluid inlet 112 toward the fluid outlet 113 is a horizontal direction, and the plurality of double scintillation crystals 111 extend in the vertical direction.

The direction in which the double scintillation crystal 111 extends is perpendicular to the overall flow direction of the fluid, or the double scintillation crystal 111 extends in a generally lateral direction of the fluid inlet 112 toward the fluid outlet 113 and is spaced apart from each other such that the fluid can be spaced apart from each other The turbulent flow between the scintillation crystals, the fluid flow path is extended, and the local flow direction of the fluid is constantly changed by the double scintillation crystal, so that the fluid can be in full contact with the double scintillation crystal 111, whereby the monitored substance in the fluid can be fully contacted. A plurality of double scintillation crystals 111 excite the double scintillation crystals 111 to emit photons. For example, a plurality of dual scintillation crystals are disposed within the housing for detecting alpha and beta particles produced by decay of radionuclides within the surface of the crystal.

In the present embodiment, each of the plurality of double scintillation crystals 111 includes a plastic scintillator and a ZnS film coated on the surface of the plastic scintillator. The double scintillation crystal 111 can be other types of scintillators. The refractive index of the plastic scintillator is 1.6, and the refractive index of ZnS is 2.356.

In one embodiment, for example, in a gate-type double scintillation crystal 111 detector as shown in Figures 1 and 2, fluid flows in from below the fluid inlet 112, above the fluid inlet 112, the overall flow of fluid The direction can thus be seen as bottom-up, ie in the vertical direction in the structure shown on the paper. At this time, the double scintillation crystal 111 is in the lateral direction in the vertical direction, that is, in the horizontal direction shown on the paper surface. 2 is only one embodiment of the present invention, facilitating an understanding of the manner in which the fluid inlet 112, fluid outlet 113, and dual scintillation crystal 111 are disposed by those skilled in the art. It will be appreciated that, according to the arrangement described above, the direction of fluid flow can be set from top to bottom. In other arrangements, when the fluid inlet is on the left side of the paper surface and the fluid outlet is on the right side of the paper surface, the fluid may flow from left to right through the passage formed by the double scintillation crystal arranged in the up and down direction to be in contact with the double scintillation crystal. In still other embodiments, the gate type double scintillation crystal detector 10 may be arranged in any direction, however, wherein the arrangement orientation of the fluid inlet and the fluid outlet is similar to the arrangement orientation of the double scintillation crystals and their relative positional relationship, It is understood with reference to the above embodiments.

According to an embodiment of the invention, the housing 10 can be of any desired shape. For example, the housing 110 has a rectangular parallelepiped shape including a first side and a second side opposite the first side, a fluid inlet 112 disposed on the first side and a fluid outlet 113 disposed on the second side; the plurality of double flashes The crystal 111 extends in a generally lateral direction of the fluid inlet 112 toward the fluid outlet 113 between the first side and the second side of the housing 110. It should be noted that "first", "second", "third" and the like are used herein to designate different components so as to distinguish different components without indicating any meaning related to importance, order, and the like; The words "upper", "lower" and the like are also merely an arrangement of means or components, in fact, the components may be arranged in other orientations. For example, the fluid inlet 112 is disposed on a lower side of the rectangular parallelepiped casing, the fluid outlet 113 is disposed on an upper side of the rectangular parallelepiped casing, fluid flows from the bottom to the top, and the plurality of double scintillation crystals 111 are in the casing 110 The upper side and the lower side extend in a substantially lateral direction along the direction of the fluid inlet 112 toward the fluid outlet 113. In other words, the plurality of double scintillation crystals 111 are horizontally between the upper side and the lower side of the housing 110. extend.

According to one embodiment, in the rectangular parallelepiped housing 110, a plurality of double scintillation crystals 111 are alternately disposed along the fluid flow direction on the side wall between the first side and the second side of the housing 110 such that one side wall One or two double scintillation crystals 111 extend between the two double scintillation crystals 111 on the opposite side walls so that fluid flows in from the fluid inlet 112, turbulent between the plurality of double scintillation crystals 111 alternately disposed. The housing 110 is discharged from the fluid outlet 113. It is conceivable here that, for the cuboid shape, for example, the first side is the upper side, the second side is the lower side, and there are four sides between the upper side and the lower side, and the plurality of double scintillation crystals 111 are alternately disposed in the One or more of the four side walls between the first side and the second side of the housing 110. According to an embodiment of the invention, a plurality of scintillation crystals are alternately disposed on opposite side walls between the first side and the second side of the housing 110. In another embodiment, a plurality of scintillation crystals are alternately disposed adjacent two adjacent sidewalls between the first side and the second side of the housing 110. In another embodiment, a plurality of scintillation crystals are alternately disposed on three side walls, or four side walls, between the first side and the second side of the housing 110, and fluid flows in from the fluid inlet 112, alternately disposed The plurality of double scintillation crystals 111 flow through between the plurality of scintillation crystals 111 and flow out of the housing 110 from the fluid outlet 113.

In the gate type double scintillation crystal detector 10 shown in FIG. 2, the casing 110 is substantially cylindrical, and the fluid inlet 112 and the fluid outlet 113 are disposed on opposite sides of the circumferential surface of the cylindrical casing 110. The plurality of double scintillation crystals 111 extend in the longitudinal direction of the cylindrical casing 110. In other words, the plurality of double scintillation crystals 111 extend in the horizontal direction in the plane of the paper of FIG. In the present embodiment, the size of the double scintillation crystal 111 is adapted to the shape adjustment of the cylindrical casing 110, and the double scintillation crystal 111 in the central portion of the cylindrical casing 110 is large in size, in a cylindrical casing. The size of the double scintillation crystal 111 in the body 110 near the wall is small. However, in the present embodiment, the gate type double scintillation crystal detector 10 is capable of monitoring, for example, radioactive substances in a fluid.

In the present embodiment, the double scintillation crystal 111 may also be a curved panel, and the curved panel-shaped double scintillation crystal 111 has a large contact area with the fluid, and is adapted to the shape of the cylindrical casing, thereby improving the sensitivity of the monitoring.

In still another embodiment of the present invention, the housing 110 of the gate type double scintillation crystal detector 10 is a cylinder having an elliptical cross section. In still another embodiment in accordance with the present invention, the housing 110 of the gate type double scintillation crystal detector 10 is a cylinder having a polygonal cross section. It will be appreciated that the shape of the housing 110 can be other shapes, and other forms of housing 110 shapes are contemplated by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments disclosed herein.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, at least one photomultiplier tube 120 is disposed on a sidewall of the housing 110 provided with a plurality of double scintillation crystals 111 for optical coupling with ends of the plurality of double scintillation crystals 111, Photons emitted by the plurality of double scintillation crystals 111 are detected. The photomultiplier tube 120 can be one, or two, or a plurality of photomultiplier tubes 120, and the function of the photomultiplier tube 120 is well known. The photomultiplier tube 120 is optically coupled to one end of the double scintillation crystal 111 to receive photons emitted by the double scintillation crystal 111.

Unlike the prior art, an embodiment of the present invention optically couples the end of the double scintillation crystal 111 to the photomultiplier tube 120 such that photons emitted by the double scintillation crystal 111 are collected by the photomultiplier tube 120 through the end of the double scintillation crystal 111. Although photon loss is caused only by collecting photons only by the end, since the plate-shaped double scintillation crystal 111 has an advantage of large area, a large contact area with a fluid such as water or a solution generates a large number of photons, and thus according to the present invention The accuracy of the dual scintillation crystal 111 detector of the embodiment can meet the needs of practical use; and the plate-shaped double scintillation crystal 111 detector is simple in manufacturing process, for example, can be fabricated by spraying or hot pressing, and has low manufacturing cost, for example, Processes such as evaporation, coating, etc.

Further, since the refractive index of the ZnS material is larger than that of the plastic scintillator, light does not totally reflect at the interface between the scintillator and the ZnS material, that is, part of the photons are scattered from the scintillator through the ZnS material into the fluid, and The end which is not propagated in the plate-shaped double scintillation crystal 111 to the double scintillation crystal 111 is collected by the photomultiplier tube 120, and thus the photon is reduced in the plate-shaped double scintillation crystal 111, which is advantageous in preventing loss of light and improving photon. Collect efficiency.

According to an embodiment of the invention, the plurality of double scintillation crystals 111 are a plurality of fibrous double scintillation crystals 111. In the present embodiment, one or both ends of the fibrous double scintillation crystal 111 may be mounted on the side wall of the housing 110 to be optically coupled to the photomultiplier tube 120. The fluid flows between the plurality of fibrous double scintillation crystals 111. The surface of the double scintillation crystal 111 formed of the plastic scintillator is coated with a ZnS material. Light is conducted in the double scintillation crystal 111. Since the refractive index of the ZnS material is larger than that of the plastic scintillator, part of the light escapes from the double scintillation crystal 111, and the number of photons collected at the end of the double scintillation crystal 111 is larger than the actually generated photon. The number is small, which is why the prior art generally does not make the double scintillation crystal 111 fibrous. However, the present inventors have found through experiments that although the photon loss is large, since the surface area of the fibrous double scintillation crystal 111 is increased, the contact efficiency with the fluid is increased, and the total number of photons generated is increased, so that even if the photon loses part during the conduction process, However, the number of photons collected at the end of the fibrous double scintillation crystal 111 is still sufficient, that is, the detection efficiency of the photomultiplier tube 120 is also sufficient for practical applications.

According to an embodiment of the invention, the housing 110 is externally coated with a light-protecting material and/or an inner wall coated reflective layer to block external light from entering the housing 110. The housing 110 can be, for example, a plexiglass box into which light can enter. When the photomultiplier tube 120 detects photons emitted by the double scintillation crystal 111 detector, it is necessary to prevent external light from being detected by the photomultiplier tube 120. The inner and outer surfaces of the housing 110 are coated with a light-shielding material or a light-reflecting material to prevent external light from entering the inside of the housing 110, improving the detection accuracy of the photomultiplier tube 120.

Another embodiment of the present invention provides a monitoring apparatus including the aforementioned gate type double scintillation crystal detector 10. In the monitoring equipment, it also includes:

Equipment inlet, fluid entering the equipment from the equipment inlet;

a particulate filter configured to filter solid particles in the fluid;

An ultraviolet sterilization device configured to sterilize the fluid using ultraviolet rays;

a metering pump configured to measure fluid volume;

a data processing device configured to collect, store, and display data; and

At the outlet of the device, the fluid exits the monitoring device from the outlet of the device;

The inlet of the liquid equipment to be inspected flows in, firstly filters out the solid particles through the particle filter, and then is sterilized by ultraviolet rays, and then the fluid is measured by the metering pump, and after measuring, enters the gate type double scintillation crystal detector 10, and finally flows out from the device outlet. .

In this embodiment, the radioactive liquid to be tested flows in from the inlet of the device, and the solid particles are filtered through the particle filter, and then sterilized by ultraviolet rays to prevent microorganisms and bacteria in the liquid from adhering to the surface of the detector to affect the detection result. And block the passage. Before the liquid flows into the grid type detector, the volume is measured by the metering pump, and after passing through the measurement, it passes through the gate type double scintillation crystal detector 10, and finally flows out from the device outlet. The gate type double scintillation crystal detector 10 is connected to the control end to complete data acquisition, storage and display. The monitoring device of the embodiment can continuously monitor the total α and total β activity/counting in the fluid in the real-time on-line, and the operation is simple, no manual operation is required during the operation; the consumables are small, and can be used repeatedly; Monitoring site restrictions can be monitored on site.

Although some embodiments of the present general inventive concept have been shown and described, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that modifications may be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present general inventive concept. The scope is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims (13)

A gate type double scintillation crystal detector comprising: a housing defining a built-in space, the housing including a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet, the fluid inlet and the fluid outlet being configured such that fluid flows from the fluid inlet into the housing and out of the housing from the fluid outlet; a plurality of double scintillation crystals disposed in the housing for emitting photons by contacting the fluid such that a substance within the fluid excites the plurality of double scintillation crystals; At least one photomultiplier tube for collecting photons emitted by the double scintillation crystal and emitting a signal; Wherein the plurality of double scintillation crystals extend in a generally lateral direction of the fluid inlet toward the fluid outlet and are spaced apart from one another. The gate double scintillation crystal detector of claim 1 wherein each of the plurality of double scintillation crystals comprises a plastic scintillator. The gate double scintillation crystal detector of claim 2 wherein each of the plurality of double scintillation crystals comprises a ZnS film coated on the surface of the plastic scintillator. A gate type double scintillation crystal detector according to claim 1, wherein said housing has a rectangular parallelepiped shape including a first side and a second side opposite to the first side, and a fluid inlet is provided on the first side, in the second Set the fluid outlet on the side; The plurality of double scintillation crystals extend in a generally lateral direction of the fluid inlet toward the fluid outlet between the first side and the second side of the housing. A gate type double scintillation crystal detector according to claim 1, wherein said casing is substantially cylindrical, and a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet are provided on opposite sides of a circumferential surface of said cylindrical casing, said plurality of The double scintillation crystal extends in the longitudinal direction of the cylindrical casing. A gate type double scintillation crystal detector according to claim 4, wherein a plurality of double scintillation crystals are alternately disposed on a side wall between the first side and the second side of the casing such that one of the side walls Or two double scintillation crystals extend between the double scintillation crystals on the opposite side walls so that fluid flows in from the fluid inlet, flows between the alternately disposed double scintillation crystals, and flows out of the shell from the fluid outlet body. A gate type double scintillation crystal detector according to claim 5, wherein a plurality of double scintillation crystals are alternately disposed at side walls of both ends of the cylindrical casing such that one or two double scintillation crystals on one side wall Extending between the double scintillation crystals on the opposite side walls so that fluid flows in from the fluid inlet, flowing between the alternately disposed plurality of scintillation crystals, flowing out of the housing from the fluid outlet. The gate type double scintillation crystal detector according to claim 6 or 7, wherein at least one photomultiplier tube is disposed on a sidewall of the casing provided with a plurality of double scintillation crystals to be combined with the plurality of double scintillation crystals The end is optically coupled to detect photons emitted by the plurality of double scintillation crystals. A gate type double scintillation crystal detector according to any one of claims 2 to 7, wherein the plurality of double scintillation crystals are a plurality of plate-shaped double scintillation crystals. A gate type double scintillation crystal detector according to any one of claims 2 to 7, wherein the plurality of double scintillation crystals are a plurality of fibrous double scintillation crystals. A gate type double scintillation crystal detector according to claim 1, wherein said housing is coated with a light-proof material and/or an inner wall coated with a reflective layer to block external light from entering said housing. A monitoring apparatus comprising the gate double scintillation crystal detector of any of the preceding claims. The monitoring device of claim 12, further comprising: Equipment inlet, fluid entering the equipment from the equipment inlet; a particulate filter configured to filter solid particles in the fluid; An ultraviolet sterilization device configured to sterilize the fluid using ultraviolet rays; a metering pump configured to measure fluid volume; a data processing device configured to collect, store, and display data; and At the outlet of the device, the fluid flows out of the monitoring device from the outlet of the device; Wherein the inlet of the liquid device to be inspected flows in, the solid particles are filtered through the particle filter, and then sterilized by ultraviolet rays, and then the fluid is measured by the metering pump, and after the measurement, the gate type double scintillation crystal detector is entered, and finally the device is The exit is out.

Images