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WO2018117281A1 - Dispositif d'émission de signal de diffusion, dispositif de réception de signal de diffusion, procédé d'émission de signal de diffusion, et procédé de réception de signal de diffusion - Google Patents

Dispositif d'émission de signal de diffusion, dispositif de réception de signal de diffusion, procédé d'émission de signal de diffusion, et procédé de réception de signal de diffusion Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018117281A1
WO2018117281A1 PCT/KR2016/014899 KR2016014899W WO2018117281A1 WO 2018117281 A1 WO2018117281 A1 WO 2018117281A1 KR 2016014899 W KR2016014899 W KR 2016014899W WO 2018117281 A1 WO2018117281 A1 WO 2018117281A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
time
information
data
time information
plp
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Ceased
Application number
PCT/KR2016/014899
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English (en)
Korean (ko)
Inventor
임형택
윤정필
함우형
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LG Electronics Inc
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LG Electronics Inc
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Priority to PCT/KR2016/014899 priority Critical patent/WO2018117281A1/fr
Publication of WO2018117281A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018117281A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
    • H04J11/00—Orthogonal multiplex systems, e.g. using WALSH codes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/20—Servers specifically adapted for the distribution of content, e.g. VOD servers; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/23—Processing of content or additional data; Elementary server operations; Server middleware
    • H04N21/234—Processing of video elementary streams, e.g. splicing of video streams or manipulating encoded video stream scene graphs
    • H04N21/2343—Processing of video elementary streams, e.g. splicing of video streams or manipulating encoded video stream scene graphs involving reformatting operations of video signals for distribution or compliance with end-user requests or end-user device requirements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/40—Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of or interaction with content, e.g. set-top-box [STB]; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/43—Processing of content or additional data, e.g. demultiplexing additional data from a digital video stream; Elementary client operations, e.g. monitoring of home network or synchronising decoder's clock; Client middleware
    • H04N21/44—Processing of video elementary streams, e.g. splicing a video clip retrieved from local storage with an incoming video stream or rendering scenes according to encoded video stream scene graphs
    • H04N21/4402—Processing of video elementary streams, e.g. splicing a video clip retrieved from local storage with an incoming video stream or rendering scenes according to encoded video stream scene graphs involving reformatting operations of video signals for household redistribution, storage or real-time display

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a broadcast signal transmission apparatus, a broadcast signal reception apparatus, and a broadcast signal transmission and reception method.
  • the digital broadcast signal may include a larger amount of video / audio data than the analog broadcast signal, and may further include various types of additional data as well as the video / audio data.
  • the digital broadcasting system may provide high definition (HD) images, multichannel audio, and various additional services.
  • HD high definition
  • data transmission efficiency for a large amount of data transmission, robustness of a transmission / reception network, and network flexibility in consideration of a mobile receiving device should be improved.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a broadcast signal transmission apparatus and a transmission method, and a broadcast signal reception apparatus and a reception method for improving data transmission efficiency for a large amount of data transmission, robustness of a transmission / reception network, and network flexibility in consideration of a mobile reception apparatus. In providing.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a broadcast signal receiving apparatus and a receiving method for efficiently transmitting time information provided from a transmission system to a higher layer.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a broadcast signal receiving apparatus and a receiving method for transmitting time information provided from a transmission system to a higher layer using at least one of software and hardware in a physical layer.
  • the broadcast signal receiving method comprises the steps of receiving, receiving a broadcast signal including a signal frame divided into a bootstrap region, a preamble region, and a data region Demodulating the broadcast signal by an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) scheme, parsing the signal frame from the demodulated broadcast signal, and processing preamble data received in a preamble region of the parsed signal frame to obtain time information.
  • OFDM orthogonal frequency division multiplexing
  • Extracting at least one L1 signaling data extracting at least one data packet by processing PLP data of at least one physical layer pipe (PLP) received in a data region of the parsed signal frame, and extracting at least one extracted at least one data packet Encapsulate one data packet into at least one container Storing the extracted time information and time tick information for identifying an extraction time point of the time information when the at least one container is identified as a container that does not support time information transmission;
  • PLP physical layer pipe
  • the broadcast signal receiving method further includes the step of checking whether the time information is changed by comparing the time information with previous time information when the at least one container is identified as a container that does not support time information transmission. In one embodiment.
  • the broadcast signal receiving method if it is confirmed that the time information has not changed in the time information change checking step, storing the current time tick information identified in the tick count, and time information is changed in the time information change checking step.
  • the method further includes storing the current time tick information as updated time tick information.
  • the time tick information for identifying the extraction time point of the time information includes the current time tick information and the updated time tick information.
  • the system decoding control step reads the time information and time tick information stored in the memory only when the at least one container is identified as a container that does not support time information transmission.
  • the system decoding control step controls PCR (Program Reference Clock) recovery using the time information and time tick difference information, and the time tick difference information is a difference between the current time tick information and the updated time tick information. According to an embodiment of the present invention, corresponding information is used.
  • PCR Program Reference Clock
  • the time information included in the L1 signaling data includes indication information indicating whether time information is included in the signal frame, indication information indicating the precision of the time information, and time information of the precision indicated by the indication information,
  • the indication information is included in the L1 basic signaling data of the L1 signaling data
  • the time information of the precision indicated by the indication information is included in the L1 Detail signaling data of the L1 signaling data.
  • the time information of the precision indicated by the indication information includes the time obtained at the first sample position of the first symbol of the bootstrap region of the signal frame.
  • a broadcast signal receiving apparatus includes: a demodulator configured to receive a broadcast signal including a signal frame divided into a bootstrap region, a preamble region, and a data region, and demodulate it in an OFDM scheme; A frame parsing unit for parsing the L1 signal processing unit for extracting L1 signaling data including time information by processing preamble data received in the preamble area of the parsed signal frame, and at least received in the data area of the parsed signal frame A PLP data processing unit for processing PLP data of one PLP to extract at least one data packet, a container encapsulation unit for encapsulating the extracted at least one data packet into at least one container, and outputting the at least one data packet; To send time information If it is determined that the container is not supported, the controller stores the extracted time information and time tick information for identifying the time of extraction of the time information in a memory, and reads the time information and time tick information stored in the memory to decode the system.
  • a demodulator configured to receive a broadcast signal including
  • the controller compares the time information with previous time information to determine whether the time information has changed.
  • the control unit stores the current time tick information identified in the tick count when it is confirmed that the time information has not changed, and stores the current time tick information as updated time tick information when it is confirmed that the time information has been changed. Yes.
  • the present invention can provide various broadcast services by processing data according to service characteristics to control a quality of service (QoS) for each service or service component.
  • QoS quality of service
  • the present invention can achieve transmission flexibility by transmitting various broadcast services or products through the same radio frequency (RF) signal bandwidth.
  • RF radio frequency
  • the present invention can improve data transmission efficiency and robustness of transmission and reception of broadcast signals using a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system.
  • MIMO multiple-input multiple-output
  • a digital broadcast signal can be received without error.
  • the reception system of the present invention provides the time information provided from the transmission system to an upper layer including the system decoder by using at least one of software and hardware in the physical layer, so that the system decoder can efficiently perform the system decoding operation. .
  • the receiving system of the present invention provides the time information provided from the transmitting system to the upper layer including the system decoder by using a software method in the physical layer, so that even if the container containing the data packet does not support time information transmission,
  • the decoder can efficiently perform a system decoding operation.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing an embodiment of a transmission system according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a detailed block diagram showing an embodiment of a BICM unit for a specific PLP according to the present invention
  • 3 (a) and 3 (b) illustrate an embodiment of a block interleaving process of type A according to the present invention.
  • 4 (a) and 4 (b) illustrate an embodiment of a block interleaving process of type B according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a detailed block diagram showing an embodiment of a frame building unit of a transmission system according to the present invention.
  • 6 (a) and 6 (b) are block diagrams illustrating an embodiment of a time interleaver in a CTI mode and a time interleaver in an HTI mode according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a view showing an embodiment of the structure of a signal frame according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 (a) is a diagram illustrating an embodiment of a block interleaving process of L1 signaling data according to the present invention.
  • 8B is a diagram illustrating an embodiment of a bit demuxing process of L1 signaling data according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 illustrates an embodiment of a syntax structure of L1-Basic signaling data among L1 signaling data according to the present invention.
  • 10 to 12 are diagrams illustrating an embodiment of a syntax structure of L1-Detail signaling data among L1 signaling data according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 13 illustrates an embodiment of a time information location for acquiring time information and time information transmitted to a preamble according to the present invention
  • FIG. 14 is a block diagram showing an embodiment of a receiving system according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 15 is a detailed block diagram illustrating an embodiment of a PLP data processor and an L1 signaling processor included in the reception system of FIG. 14.
  • 16 (a) and 16 (b) are block diagrams illustrating an embodiment of a time deinterleaver in a CTI mode and a time deinterleaver in an HTI mode according to the present invention.
  • 17 is a block diagram showing an embodiment of a decoding unit in an inverse BICM unit of a receiving system according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 18 illustrates an embodiment of a structure of a data container according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 19 illustrates an embodiment of a data container structure including time information according to the present invention.
  • 20 is a flowchart illustrating an embodiment of a time information processing method of a controller of a baseband processor according to the present invention.
  • 21 is a flowchart illustrating an embodiment of a time information processing method of a system on chip unit according to the present invention.
  • the present invention provides an apparatus and method for transmitting and receiving broadcast signals for next generation broadcast services.
  • the next generation broadcast service includes a terrestrial broadcast service, a mobile broadcast service, a UHDTV service, and the like.
  • a broadcast signal for a next generation broadcast service may be processed through a non-multiple input multiple output (MIMO) or MIMO scheme.
  • MIMO multiple input multiple output
  • the non-MIMO scheme according to an embodiment of the present invention may include a multiple input single output (MISO) scheme, a single input single output (SISO) scheme, and the like.
  • the MISO or MIMO scheme uses two antennas, but the present invention can be applied to a system using two or more antennas.
  • the present invention proposes a physical profile (or system) that is optimized to minimize receiver complexity while achieving the performance required for a particular application.
  • the present invention can also process broadcast signals for next-generation broadcast services using at least one of a time division multiplexing (TDM), frequency division multiplexing (FDM), and layered division multiplexing (LDM) scheme in a multiplexing scheme.
  • TDM time division multiplexing
  • FDM frequency division multiplexing
  • LDM layered division multiplexing
  • the MIMO scheme and the LDM scheme are not used together when processing a broadcast signal for a next generation broadcast service.
  • the MIMO scheme and the LDM scheme may be used together.
  • the number of transmission subcarriers is the total number of subcarriers that can be transmitted according to the FFT size and mode in the OFDM symbol
  • the number of valid data subcarriers is the pilot and null cells in the total subcarriers of the OFDM symbol.
  • the number of subcarriers that can transmit data excluding reserved tones.
  • a data pipe is a basic unit for controlling robustness, and one or more services or one or more service components may be delivered by one data pipe. That is, a data pipe is a logical channel in the physical layer that carries service data or related metadata that can carry one or more services or one or more service components.
  • PLP Physical Layer Pipe
  • the service and the product will be used interchangeably. The product may have the same meaning as the service or may have a higher meaning including the service.
  • the plurality of PLPs may transmit different types of data streams, all of which are required to assemble one service or a complete delivered product. Also, if the data streams needed to assemble multiple delivered products are sent to the same level of robust, the data streams can share the PLPs. In addition, in one embodiment, the data streams needed to assemble a single delivered product are transmitted over up to four PLPs. In other words, the maximum number of PLPs in a frame carrying content requiring simultaneous recovery to one service or content that requires simultaneous recovery to assemble one product. assemble a single delivered product is four).
  • the signal frame (or frame, or A3 frame or physical layer frame) is largely divided into three areas, and the first area located in front of the signal frame is called a bootstrap (or bootstrap area).
  • a second region immediately after the first region is called a preamble (or a preamble region), and a third region next to the second region is called a data region.
  • the bootstrap area includes bootstrap data.
  • the exact time period from the start of one bootstrap to the start of the next bootstrap is an integer multiple of the sample time of the baseband sampling rate indicated by the first bootstrap.
  • the preamble region includes L1 (Layer 1) signaling data (or L1 control signaling data) applicable to the rest of the frame.
  • the data area is further divided into one or more subframes. If there are a plurality of subframes in one signal frame, the plurality of subframes are concatenated together in time. One subframe consists of a set of time-frequency resources within a signal frame.
  • the L1 signaling data provides information necessary for configuring physical layer parameters.
  • the L1 signaling data includes L1-Basic signaling data and L1-Detail signaling data.
  • bootstrap data may be included in the L1 signaling data.
  • Information and / or data included in each area will be described later in detail.
  • information starting with L1B is information included in L1-Basic signaling data and information starting with L1D is information included in L1-Detail signaling data. do.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a structure of a broadcast signal transmission apparatus (or transmission system) of a physical layer according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the broadcast signal transmitting apparatus of FIG. 1 includes a first input formatting unit 1100, a first bit interleaved coding & modulation (BICM) unit 1200, a first frame building unit 1300, and a first orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM).
  • the generation unit 1600 and the L1 signaling processing unit 1700 are included.
  • the apparatus for transmitting broadcast signals of FIG. 1 may further include a second input formatting unit 1150 and an LDM processing unit 1300, which are additional blocks required when the LDM scheme is applied to the present invention.
  • the apparatus for transmitting broadcast signals of FIG. 1 may further include a MIMO processing unit 1400 and a second OFDM generation unit 1650, which are additional blocks required when the MIMO scheme is applied to the present invention.
  • the second input formatting unit 1150 and the LDM processing unit 1300 are used only in the LDM scheme, and the MIMO demux 1203, the second mapper 1205, and the MIMO processing unit 1400 of the first BICM unit 1200 are used.
  • the second OFDM generation unit 1650 are used only in the MIMO scheme.
  • the generation unit 1600 is commonly used for the LDM method and the MIMO method. The aforementioned blocks may be omitted or replaced by other blocks having similar or identical functions according to the designer's intention.
  • the first input formatting unit 1100 includes an encapsulator 1101 and a BBP formatter 1102.
  • the first input formatting unit 1100 may further include a scheduler, in which the scheduler controls the BBP formatter 1102.
  • the data input to the encapsulator 1101 may be an IP stream / packet, MPEG2-TS, or the like, and other stream types are treated as generic streams.
  • the encapsulator 1101 encapsulates all types of input packets, including IP packets and MPEG-TS packets, into packets of a single format. In the present invention, this packet will be referred to as an ALP (ATSC Link-Layer Protocol) packet.
  • ALP ATSC Link-Layer Protocol
  • the ALP packet is an embodiment for better understanding of the present invention, and may be named differently according to the designer.
  • Each ALP packet consists of a header and a payload, and an input packet is included in the payload of at least one ALP packet.
  • one input packet may be included in the payload of one ALP packet
  • one input packet may be divided into a plurality, and included in the payload of the plurality of ALP packets, and the plurality of input packets may be included in the payload of one ALP packet. It can also be included in the load.
  • the header of the ALP packet always includes a base header, and an additional header and an optional header may be further added.
  • the base header has a fixed length (eg, 2 bytes) and includes information indicating the type or protocol of an input packet before being packetized into a corresponding ALP packet.
  • the headers of the IP packets may be compressed and encapsulated into at least one ALP packet in order to reduce overhead of the IP packets.
  • the synchronization bytes may be deleted from each TS packet and then encapsulated into at least one ALP packet.
  • TS null packets may be identified and deleted from a stream consisting of TS packets and TS null packets, and then encapsulated into at least one ALP packet.
  • information for identifying the number of deleted TS null packets is transmitted to the receiver.
  • the information for identifying the number of deleted TS null packets is signaled and transmitted in a DNP (Deleted Null Packets) field in a header of a corresponding ALP packet.
  • the length of each ALP packet is variable, and the length information is signaled in the header of the corresponding ALP packet.
  • the encapsulator 1101 may be provided in an upper layer, for example, a link layer.
  • the encapsulator 1101 is omitted in the physical layer, and the BBP formatter 1102 receives the ALP packets provided by the link layer.
  • the BBP formatter 1102 generates a baseband packet by adding a BBP header to a BBP payload including at least one ALP packet. According to an embodiment of the present invention, scrambling is performed on the generated baseband packet. The scrambling is also called randomizing.
  • the baseband packet also includes a header and a payload.
  • the header may further include a base field, and an optional field and an extension field may be further included.
  • ALP packets are allocated to the payload of the baseband packet in the order of input. If the number of incoming ALP packets is not sufficient to fill the baseband packet, padding may be used to completely fill the baseband packet, and information for identifying whether or not padding is used for the baseband packet is provided. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the signal of the baseband packet is signaled.
  • the start of the payload of the baseband packet does not necessarily indicate the start of the ALP packet.
  • the base field of the baseband packet signals the start position information of the first ALP packet starting from the baseband packet using a pointer field.
  • the value of the pointer field is an offset (in bytes) from the start of the baseband payload to the start of the first ALP packet starting from the baseband packet.
  • the base field further includes a mode field, and the mode field indicates whether the length of the base field is 1 byte or 2 bytes. If the mode field indicates that the length of the base field is 1 byte, a pointer field composed of the lower 7 bits is included after the mode field, and if the mode field indicates 2 bytes, a pointer composed of the lower 7 bits and the upper 6 bits after the mode field.
  • Field and a 2-bit optional field indicator (OFI) field indicates a header extension mode of a corresponding baseband packet and also signals whether an optional field and an extension field are included.
  • the extension field may be used only for padding by setting the EXT_TYPE field value of the optional field to 111. .
  • the encapsulation and BBP formatting operations in the first input formatting unit 1100 are performed independently for each PLP.
  • the configuration of the second input formatting unit 1150 is the same as that of the first input formatting unit 1100, the detailed description of the first input formatting unit 1100 will be referred to, and the second input formatting unit ( Detailed description of 1150 will be omitted.
  • the baseband packets that have been scrambling by the first input formatting unit 1100 are input to the first BICM unit 1200 so that FEC (Forward Error Correction) encoding, bit interleaving, symbol mapping (or constellation mapping) is performed. It is performed sequentially.
  • FEC Forward Error Correction
  • the first BICM unit 1200 includes an encoding unit 1201, a bit interleaver 1202, and a first mapper 1204.
  • the MIMO demux 1203 and the second mapper 1205 are further provided.
  • the first BICM unit 1200 operates for each PLP. That is, independent FEC encoding, bit interleaving, and symbol mapping are applied for each PLP.
  • FIG. 2 shows a detailed block diagram of a BICM unit for an n-th PLP (PLPn).
  • the encoder 2100 receives a baseband packet generated for the nth PLP from the first input formatting unit 1100 and performs FEC encoding to generate an FEC frame.
  • the encoding unit 2100 includes an outer encoder 2101 and an inner encoder 2102, and the outer encoder 2101 has three options. That is, BCH encoding may be performed, CRC encoding may be performed, or outer encoding may not be performed on data of an input baseband packet.
  • BCH encoding provides both an error correction function and an error detection function
  • CRC encoding provides only an error detection function. If BCH encoding is performed, an outer code parity of 192 bits (ie, when the FEC frame length is 64800 bits) or 168 bits (ie, when the FEC frame length is 16200 bits) is added to the baseband packet. If CRC encoding is performed, 32-bit outer code parity is added to the baseband packet.
  • the inner encoder 2102 employs cyclic-structured LDPC codes. That is, the inner encoder parity is generated by performing LDPC encoding at a specific code rate on the BCH encoding data, the CRC encoding data, or the data bypassing the outer encoder 2101 in the outer encoder 2101. do.
  • Code rates applied for LDPC encoding in the present invention are 2/15, 3/15, 4/15, 5/15, 6/15, 7/15, 8/15, 9/15, 10/15, 11 /
  • One embodiment is one of 15, 12/15, and 13/15.
  • the embodiment when the FEC frame length is 16K, LDPC encoding is performed at any one of code rates 6/15, 7/15, 9/15, 11/15, and 13/15, and the FEC frame length Is 64K, the embodiment performs LDPC encoding at a code rate of 10/15.
  • the inner code parity is added after the outer code parity, and after the baseband packet if no outer encoding is performed. That is, the output of the inner encoder 2102 becomes an FEC frame, which may be composed of one baseband packet, an outer code parity, and an inner code parity, or one baseband packet and an inner code parity. It may be configured.
  • one FEC frame includes one baseband packet and has a length of 64800 bits or 16200 bits. This means that the size of the FEC frame is determined only by the code length (ie, 16200 bits or 64800 bits).
  • one baseband packet has a fixed length of Kpayload size, the length of which is determined by the inner code rate, code length, and outer code type (i.e., BCH encoding, CRC encoding, None) selected for the corresponding PLP. In one embodiment.
  • the inner encoder 2102 uses two different coding structures, type A and type B, where type A performs better at lower code rates, while type B performs better at higher code rates.
  • type A performs better at lower code rates
  • type B performs better at higher code rates.
  • type A performs better at lower code rates
  • type B performs better at higher code rates.
  • type A performs better at lower code rates
  • type B performs better at higher code rates.
  • type A is code rate 2/15, 3/15, 4/15, 5/15, 7/15, and code rate 6/15, 8/15, 9 /.
  • Type B may be applied to 15, 10/15, 11/15, 12/15, and 13/15.
  • Data of the FEC frame generated by the inner encoder 2102 is output to the bit interleaver 2200.
  • the bit interleaver 2200 includes a parity interleaver, a group-wise interleaver, and a block interleaver.
  • the parity interleaver performs interleaving only on parity bits of an input FEC frame and does not perform interleaving on information bits.
  • the parity interleaver is not used for type A LDPC codes, but only for type B LDPC codes. This is an embodiment and, conversely, is used only in type A LDPC codes, may not be used in type B LDPC codes, or may be used in both type A / B LDPC codes.
  • the parity interleaver is performed to convert the parity portion of the staircase structure of the LDPC parity-check matrix into a quasi-cyclic structure similar to the information part of the matrix.
  • the bits of the parity interleaved FEC frame are split into a plurality of groups and then interleaved in group units based on a permutation order for group-wise interleaving in a group-wise interleaver.
  • each group is composed of 360 bits according to an embodiment.
  • the group interleaved data (ie, LDPC codeword) in the group-wise interleaver is output to the block interleaver and block interleaved.
  • the block interleaving is performed by selecting one of a type A block interleaver and a type B block interleaver. At this time, the selection of the type A block interleaver or the type B block interleaver is determined by the LDPC type and the constellation combinations.
  • FIG. 3 (a) and 3 (b) illustrate a type A block interleaving process, in which FIG. 3 (a) writes an LDPC codeword into a memory, and FIG. 3 (b) shows a process written in the memory. Shows the process of reading an LDPC codeword.
  • the memory is composed of parts 1 and 2.
  • parts 1 and 2 are calculated using row size and bit group size (eg, 360) information of the block interleaver.
  • bit group size eg, 360
  • the bits constituting the bit group are written in the same row as in Fig. 3 (a) A, and when the writing is completed in part 1, in part 2 the bits constituting the bit group are written over at least two rows.
  • the bits are read from the memory after writing to the memory is completed, as shown in Figure 3 (b) it is read in the column direction (column). As a result, bits read in the same column direction are mapped to one modulation cell.
  • FIG. 4 (a) and 4 (b) illustrate a block interleaving process of type B.
  • the block interleaving process of type B when the modulation order is 256QAM is shown.
  • FIG. 4A shows a process of writing an LDPC codeword to a memory
  • FIG. 4B shows a process of reading an LDPC codeword written to the memory.
  • the memory is composed of parts 1 and 2.
  • Part 1 and Part 2 of Type B behave differently from Part 1 / Part 2 of the Type A block interleaver.
  • the B type block parameter to determine the size of the column of the interleaver memory in the QCB _IG N is determined according to the modulation order. For example, parameters in QPSK QCB _IG N is 2, 4 in the 16QAM, the 64QAM 6, in the 256QAM 8, 9 1024QAM, 4096QAM is defined as in 12.
  • part 1 is operated in units of output bits of the group-wise interleaver.
  • the memory of the type B block interleaver has N QCB _ IG columns and 360 rows.
  • the bits output from the group-wise interleaver are written in the column direction as shown in FIG. 4 (a).
  • the bits are read in the row direction as shown in FIG. 4 (b).
  • the bits of each row are mapped to one modulation cell.
  • the remaining bits excluded from the repeated operation of Part 1 are sequentially mapped to a modulation cell without a block interleaving process.
  • Bits interleaved in the bit interleaver 2200 are mapped to QAM constellation points having complex values on an IQ plane in the mapper 2300.
  • the input to the mapper 2300 is a stream of bit interleaved FEC frames
  • the output of the mapper 2300 is cells, and if necessary, may be grouped into one FEC block.
  • the mapper 2300 is a demultiplexer for demultiplexing bits constituting an input FEC frame to generate data cells into a parallel sub-stream and a bit-IQ mapping block for mapping data cells output from the demultiplexer to constellation values. It consists of.
  • the number of sub streams is determined by a modulation order. For example, if the modulation order is 16QAM, the number of sub streams is four, and if it is 64QAM, the number of sub streams is six.
  • the modulation order is defined as uniform QPSK modulation and five non-uniform constellation (NUC) sizes, for example, 16QAM, 64QAM, 256QAM, 1024QAM, 4096QAM.
  • NUC non-uniform constellation
  • the constellation does not change according to the code length (eg, 64800 bits or 16200 bits). This means that if the code rate and modulation order remain constant, the same constellation is used for each code length.
  • the bit-IQ mapping block modulates data cells output from the bit interleaver or demultiplexer using uniform QPSK modulation and non-uniform constellations (16QAM, 64QAM, 256QAM, 1024QAM, 4096QAM) to achieve power-normalized constellation points. Can be provided.
  • the QPSK constellation is in the form of a one-dimensional QAM, and in one embodiment, the same constellation is used for all code rates.
  • Non-uniform constellations such as 16QAM, 64QAM and 256QAM are two-dimensional quadrant-symmetric QAM constellations, and in one embodiment, are constructed using symmetry from a single quadrant.
  • non-uniform constellations such as 1024QAM and 4096QAM are derived from non-uniform one-dimensional pulse amplitude modulation (PAM) constellations for both I and Q components. In one embodiment it will be.
  • PAM pulse amplitude modulation
  • the data output from the mapper 2300 is input to the LDM processor 1300.
  • the LDM is a constellation superposition technology that combines multiple PLPs at different power levels before transmission on one RF channel.
  • each data stream may have a different modulation and channel coding scheme.
  • two layers of LDM will be described as an embodiment. In this case, the two layers will be referred to as a core layer and an enhanced layer, respectively. This is an embodiment, and the name of each layer may be called another name according to the designer.
  • the LDM processor 1300 combines two or more PLPs before time interleaving. Each layer consists of one or more PLPs.
  • the PLP of the core layer is used interchangeably as the core PLP for convenience of description, and the PLP of the enhanced layer is used in combination with the enhanced PLP for convenience of description.
  • the core layer uses a modulation and coding (ModCod) combination that is the same as the enhanced layer or is more robust than the enhanced layer.
  • ModCod modulation and coding
  • each PLP can use different FEC encoding and constellation mappings, including code length and code rate. This is an embodiment and may have the same code length or the same code rate or constellation mapping.
  • the output of the LDM processing unit 1300 is input to the first frame building unit 1500.
  • the first frame building unit 1500 includes a time interleaver 1501, a frame builder 1502, and a frequency interleaver 1503.
  • Inputs of the time interleaver 1501 and the frame builder 1502 may include one or more PLPs.
  • the output of the frame builder 1502 is OFDM symbols such as preamble or data sequentially arranged in the final frame, and frequency interleaving is performed on OFDM symbols according to an embodiment.
  • time interleaver 1501 one of no time interleaving, a convolutional time interleaver (CTI) mode, and a hybrid time interleaver (HTI) mode may be applied to each PLP.
  • the time interleaver mode is signaled in the L1D_plp_TI_mode field of the L1-Detail signaling data.
  • the time interleaver mode for the enhanced PLP is the same as the time interleaver mode of the enhanced PLP and the layered division multplexed core PLP (or PLPs).
  • One service or one complete delivered product consists of a single PLP at a constant cell rate, or a single cell PLP at a fixed cell rate and one or more enhanced PLPs layered division multiplexed with the single core PLP If configured as a PLP (or PLPs) constituting the service or its complete delivered product, one of the no time interleaving, the CTI mode, or the HTI mode may be applied. On the other hand, if the complete delivered products are composed of PLPs having characteristics different from those described above, the corresponding PLPs constituting the completed delivered products may be applied in either no-time interleaving or HTI mode.
  • time interleaver mode (or modes) for PLPs of a particular service or a specific complete delivered product is also a time interleaver mode (or mode) for a PLP (or PLPs) of other services or other products transmitted on the same RF channel. In one embodiment it is applied independently to the).
  • the PLPs may be in the same or different time interleaving modes (ie, no time interleaving and / or HTI mode). May be applied and / or the same or different time interleaver parameters may be applied.
  • each PLP may be operated in no time interleaving or HTI mode, wherein the parameters of the HTI mode are each can be different.
  • a particular service or a specific complete delivered product includes multiple core PLPs that are not LDM and all of the core PLPs use HTI mode, all of the core PLPs use intra-sub frame interleaving or inter-sub Using frame interleaving is an embodiment.
  • the particular service or specific complete delivered product includes core PLPs that are not LDM, and at least one of the core PLPs uses the no time interleaving mode, the PLP configured in the HTI mode of the core PLPs is an intra subframe. Using interleaving is an embodiment.
  • the cells of the PLP are output in the same order without delay.
  • the TI memory size includes all necessary parts: the convolutional time interleaver in CTI mode, the cell, block, and delay line interleaver in HTI mode. That is, the size of the TI memory allocated to each PLP is determined by the amount of data transferred to that PLP.
  • the total TI memory size may be used by the PLP associated with that CTI depending on the configured depth of its convolutional time interleaver.
  • the total memory is shared between PLPs that transmit components of the same service or the same complete delivered product, and the memory allocated to each PLP is determined by the amount of data transmitted by that PLP.
  • the extended interleaving mode is not applied to the LDM, and is selectively applied only to QPSK modulation. At this time, the extended interleaving mode is signaled and transmitted in the L1D_plp_TI_extended_Interleaving field. If extended interleaving is used in the CTI mode, the time interleaving depth can be extended, and the time interleaving depth is signaled in the L1D_plp_CTI_depth field of the L1-detail signaling data.
  • the maximum time interleaving memory size is 2 20 cells, and the maximum number of FEC blocks N BLOCK_IF_MAX per interleaving frame (IF) cannot exceed 517. If extended interleaving is not used for a particular PLP in HTI mode, the maximum time interleaving memory size is 2 19 cells, and the maximum number of FEC blocks per IF N BLOCK _IF_MAX cannot exceed 258.
  • FIG. 5 is a block diagram illustrating an embodiment of a first frame building unit 1500 according to the present invention.
  • the time interleaving unit 1501 includes n time interleavers to perform time interleaving for each PLP.
  • time interleaving process of the n th PLP will be described in detail. Since the time interleaving process of another PLP may refer to the time interleaving process of the n-th PLP, which will be described below, the detailed description will be omitted.
  • FIG. 6 (a) is a block diagram showing a convolution time interleaver for a CTI mode applied to an nth PLP of the present invention. That is, convolutional interleaving is performed by receiving a sequence of cells from the first BICM unit 1200 or the LDM processing unit 1300. Signaling information related to the convolutional time interleaver is signaled in an L1D_plp_CTI_depth field, an L1D_plp_CTI_start_row field, and an L1D_plp_CTI_fec_block_start field, which will be described in detail later.
  • FIG. 6 (b) is a block diagram illustrating a hybrid time interleaver for an HTI mode applied to an n th PLP according to the present invention, which includes a cell interleaver 1511, a block interleaver 1513, and a delay line 1515.
  • the block interleaver 1513 may be referred to as a twisted block interleaver (TBI)
  • the delay line 1515 may be referred to as a convolutional delay line (CDL) or a convolutional interleaver.
  • CDL convolutional delay line
  • the cell interleaver 1511 receives input cells in units of FEC blocks, interleaves cells in each FEC block, and arranges them into TI blocks.
  • cell interleaving is performed by linearly writing an FEC block to a memory and reading pseudo-randomly.
  • the permutation sequence used to pseudo-read randomly read the FEC block written linearly into memory changes every FEC block in the TI block, and different permutation sequences are shifted by one permutation random sequence. As an example, it is generated.
  • the use of the cell interleaver 1511 is optional, and the use of the cell interleaver 1511 is signaled in the L1D_plp_HTI_cell_interleaver field, which is a parameter included in the L1-detail signaling data.
  • one TI block is composed of one or more cell interleaved FEC blocks (in this case, the L1D_plp_HTI_cell_interleaver field value is 1), or one or more FEC blocks directly output from the first BICM unit 1200.
  • the L1D_plp_HTI_cell_interleaver field value is 0.
  • the block interleaver 1513 performs intra-subframe interleaving by twisting block interleaving of TI blocks.
  • the twisted block interleaving is performed by writing the input cells serially into memory in a column-wise manner and reading from the first row (leftmost column to right along the row) to the last row in a diagonal_wise direction. do.
  • the block interleaver 1513 writes the first FEC block in the column direction to the first row of the time interleaving memory, and writes the second FEC block to the next row, and the rest of the TI block in the same manner. Write FEC blocks.
  • N FEC _TI_Diff (n, s) ⁇ 0 means that the number of FEC blocks (or columns) between TI blocks is different depending on the cell rate. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the virtual cells belonging to the virtual FEC block are skipped without being read in the reading process.
  • the virtual FEC blocks included in one TI block are positioned ahead of the data FEC blocks included in the same TI block in the memory. This is to achieve time deinterleaving with a single memory on the receiver side.
  • the process of reading the cells written in the memory in a diagonal_wise direction in the block interleaving array is performed by calculating the positions of the data and the virtual cells.
  • the delay line 1515 performs inter-subframe interleaving on the cells of the block interleaved TI block. As a result, one block interleaved TI block is spread over multiple subframes. In this case, the use of the delay line 1515 is optional, and the use of the delay line 1515 is signaled in the L1D_plp_HTI_inter_subframe field, which is a parameter included in the L1-detail signaling data.
  • the FEC blocks input to the time interleaver 1501 may be grouped into interleaving frames IF.
  • the interleaving frames are independent of physical layer frames.
  • the IF BLOCK _IF number N (n) of in FEC block may vary within up to N BLOCK_IF_MAX from at least one, the number of FEC blocks to-IF may be different from each other.
  • Information related to the number of FEC blocks in the IF is signaled in the L1D_plp_HTI_num_ti_block field of the L1-detail signaling data.
  • each IF may be directly mapped to one subframe or spread among a plurality of subframes.
  • Each IF may be divided into one or more TI blocks (N TI ), where the TI block is a basic unit for operating the cell interleaver 1511, the block interleaver 1513, and the delay line 1515.
  • the number of TI blocks in one IF block may include slightly different numbers of FEC blocks.
  • one IF may include one or more TI blocks, and the TI blocks in the IF may have different numbers of FEC blocks. That is, in the intra-subframe interleaving mode, one IF is mapped to one subframe, and when the interleaving frame is composed of one or more TI blocks, the transmission bit rate of the PLP can be increased. At this time, the number of TI blocks per interleaving frame is signaled in the L1D_plp_HTI_num_ti_block field of the L1-detail signaling data.
  • one IF may be distributedly mapped to a plurality of subframes, and one IF includes one TI block. Shall be.
  • This inter-subframe interleaving mode can improve time diversity performance for low transmission data services.
  • the number of subframes in which one IF is distributed is signaled in the L1D_plp_HTI_num_ti_block field of the L1-detail signaling data.
  • L1D_plp_HTI_num_ti_block field value 1
  • one TI block is mapped to one subframe regardless of the L1D_plp_HTI_inter_subframe field value.
  • the HTI mode provides intra-subframe interleaving and inter-subframe interleaving (optional).
  • the time interleaved data in the time interleaver 1501 is input to the frame builder 1502.
  • the L1 signaling data does not perform time interleaving.
  • Data input to the frame builder 1502 is data of one or more PLPs in a cell form, and in the frame builder 1502, input cells are mapped to cells of data symbols of each subframe in a signal frame.
  • the frame builder 1502 receives L1 signaling data in a cell form output from the L1 signaling processor 1700, and input cells are mapped to cells of preamble symbol (s) of a preamble in a corresponding signal frame.
  • the output of frame builder 1502 is frame symbols.
  • the frame symbols represent a set of frequency domains before optional frequency interleaving and pilot insertion of the OFDM generation unit 1600, and are converted into time domain OFDM symbols through IFFT and guard interval insertion of the OFDM generation unit 1600. , Modulation).
  • FIG. 7 illustrates an embodiment of a signal frame according to the present invention.
  • the frame builder 1502 a preamble region 1523 and a data region 1525 are created.
  • Bootstrap region 1521 is created in OFDM generation unit 1600.
  • one subframe consists of a set of time-frequency resources in the signal frame.
  • one subframe spans the full range of carriers configured in the frequency dimension and consists of an integer number of OFDM symbols in the time dimension.
  • waveform attributes of a subframe constitute a subframe type.
  • the waveform attributes include FFT size, guard interval length, scattered pilot pattern, number of available carriers (ie, NoC), use of frequency interleaver and subframes thereof.
  • at least one of whether the SISO mode, the MISO mode, or the MIMO mode is included is included. If one subframe is configured for MISO, the waveform properties that define the subframe type of that subframe further include the number of transmitters and the time domain span of the filters.
  • waveform properties of a subframe are not changed while the subframe continues.
  • the signal frame may also include multiple subframes of the same subframe type and / or multiple subframes of other subframe types. Subframes in the same signal frame may include different numbers of OFDM symbols.
  • the FFT size and the signaled GI length of the preamble are equal to the FFT size and signaled GI length of the first subframe of the signal frame.
  • a specific PLP is mapped only to subframes of the same subframe type.
  • these subframes are of the same subframe type and may be located in the same signal frame and / or other signal frames. This means that more subframes than PLPs can be in one frame. In this case, the number of subframes in one frame may exceed the maximum number of PLPs, but the maximum number of PLPs is determined regardless of the number of subframes in one frame.
  • the length of the signal frame is specified in one of a time-aligned frame and a symbol-aligned frame frame.
  • the total frame length in the time alignment frame is equal to the sum of the bootstrap 1521, the preamble 1523, and the subframes 1525.
  • the symbol alignment frame does not insert any additional samples other than the length signaled for the guard interval length of the OFDM symbol.
  • the time alignment frame may be identified by setting the L1B_frame_length_mode field included in the L1-basic signaling data of the L1 signaling data to 0, and the symbol alignment frame may be identified by setting the L1B_frame_length_mode field to 1.
  • all subframes include at least 4 ⁇ Dy data and subframe boundary symbols.
  • Dy is a parameter that specifies the scattered pilot length in the time direction. That is, Dx represents a distance between scattered pilots in the time direction.
  • C red _ coff is a coefficient that is multiplied by the control unit C unit to determine the number of carriers to be reduced to a positive integer value.
  • C red_coff has a value from 0 to 4, and the value is signaled in parameters included in the L1 signaling data, for example, an L1B_preamble_reduced_carriers field, an L1D_reduced_carriers field, and an L1B_first_sub_reduced carriers field. .
  • the NoC max represents the maximum number of NoC
  • C unit represents a control unit
  • C unit max (Dx) has a value of 96 for 8K FFT, 192 for 16 FFT, and 384 for 32K FFT, respectively.
  • Dx is a parameter that specifies the scattered pilot length in the frequency direction. That is, Dx represents a spacing distance between scattered pilots in the frequency direction.
  • each subframe consists of subframe boundary symbols (none or one), data symbols, and subframe boundary symbols (none or one). That is, the subframe boundary symbols may not be present in the corresponding subframe. In this case, the subframe includes only data symbols. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the subframe boundary symbols have a scattered pilot having a higher density than data symbols to facilitate accurate channel estimation at the receiver.
  • one data symbol has a scattered pilot density according to a scattered pilot pattern of a corresponding subframe.
  • the scattered pilot pattern is signaled in the L1 signaling data.
  • the sum of the number of data and subframe boundary symbols included in the subframe having the FFT size of 32K is always even except for the first subframe.
  • the first subframe is an embodiment in which the sum of the number of preambles, subframe boundaries and data symbols is even.
  • a subframe boundary symbol exists at the beginning of a subframe, all data symbols within the same subframe are positioned immediately after the subframe boundary symbol. If there is a subframe boundary symbol at the end of the subframe, the subframe boundary symbol is positioned immediately after the last data symbol of the same subframe.
  • the preamble consists of one or more preamble symbols and transmits L1 signaling data for the corresponding frame.
  • the FFT size, guard interval length, scattered pilot pattern, and FEC mode of the L1-Basic signaling data of the preamble symbols are signaled in the preamble_structure parameter of the bootstrap, and the number N of preamble symbols is signaled in the L1 signaling data.
  • the FFT size and the guard interval length are the same in all preamble symbols in the frame.
  • the NoC of the first preamble symbol is used with a minimum number for a given FFT size, while the NoC of the remaining preamble symbols can be signaled in L1-basic of the L1 signaling data.
  • frequency interleaving is always applied to all preamble symbols.
  • L1-Basic cells are mapped only to available cells of the first preamble symbol, and L1-Detail cells are used to map L1-Basic cells in the first preamble symbol.
  • mapping and remaining available cells and available cells of other preamble symbols are interleaved and mapped.
  • valid cells not used for the L1-Detail cells in the last preamble symbol are used for the preamble data cells.
  • the MISO or MIMO scheme is not applied to any preamble symbol.
  • the LDM scheme is not applied to any cells of the preamble transmitting L1-Basic and L1-Detail data, but is applied to payload data cells transmitted in the last preamble symbol.
  • the PLP data is fully or partially available to the available data cells in the subframe. Mapped. However, when PLP data is not mapped to all valid data cells, empty data cells (that is, unoccupied data cells) are generated. In this case, in order to ensure a constant transmit power, an embodiment of the present invention allocates psedo-random (PN) dummy modulation values to empty data cells.
  • PN psedo-random
  • each PLP has one type of non-distributed PLP and distributed PLP. At this time, the PLP of the enhanced layer of the LDM scheme is excluded.
  • data cells of non-distributed PLPs are allocated to contiguous data cell indexes of a corresponding subframe. That is, all data cell indexes between the lowest data cell index assigned to the non-distributed PLP and the highest data cell assigned to the same non-distributed PLP are assigned to the same non-distributed PLP.
  • the distributed PLP is divided into two or more sub slices.
  • Data cells in either sub-slice of the distributed PLP are assigned to contiguous data cell indices of that subframe.
  • two consecutive sub-slices in the same distributed PLP do not have contiguous data cell indices. That is, the difference between the lowest data cell index assigned to the sub slice of the distributed PLP and the highest data cell index assigned to the immediately preceding sub slice of the distributed PLP must be greater than one.
  • all sub slices (except the last sub slice) of a specific distributed PLP in one subframe have the same non-zero size.
  • the size of the last sub-slice of a particular distributed PLP in one subframe is greater than zero and less than or equal to the size of other sub-slices of the same PLP in the same subframe.
  • An embodiment where the subslice interval between the lowest data cell index of the sub-slice of the distributed PLP and the lowest data cell index of the next sub-slice of the same PLP is the same for all sub-slices of that PLP in the subframe. Shall be.
  • the sub slice interval is signaled in the L1D_plp_subslice_interval field of the L1 signaling data.
  • the number of sub-slices, sub-slice size, and sub-slice interval for one distributed PLP in one subframe are independent of the number, sub-slice size, and sub-slice interval of all other distributed PLPs in the same subframe. , Is also independently signaled.
  • the number of sub-slices, sub-slice size, and sub-slice interval for one distributed PLP in one subframe are the number of sub-slices, sub-slice size, and sub-slice of the same PLP included in all other subframes.
  • the number of sub slices and the sub slice interval are signaled only for distributed core layer PLPs. And the non-distributed PLP is not sub sliced and has no sub slicing parameters associated with it.
  • the type of PLP is signaled in the L1D_plp_type field of the L1 signaling data.
  • the L1D_plp_type field is independently included in each subframe in which the corresponding PLP exists.
  • One PLP may use different PLP types for two different subframes. In other words, one PLP need not have the same type in two different subframes in which the PLP exists.
  • the L1D_plp_type field is present only in the core layer PLP according to an embodiment. That is, since the PLP of the enhanced layer does not have a specific PLP type, there is no L1D_plp_type field.
  • the starting position of the PLP is signaled in the L1D_plp_start field of the L1 signaling data, and the L1D_plp_start field indicates the starting position of the PLP in the subframe regardless of the PLP type.
  • the starting position of the PLP is the index of the data cell allocated to hold the first data cell value of that PLP.
  • the length of the PLP is signaled in the L1D_plp_size field of the L1 signaling data, and the L1D_plp_size field indicates the total number of data cells included in the corresponding PLP in the current subframe.
  • the starting position and length of a particular PLP in a particular subframe is independent of the starting position and length of the same PLP in all other subframes and is also signaled independently. In one embodiment, the start position and length of all PLPs present in a subframe are signaled regardless of whether the LDM scheme is used.
  • all data cells assigned to the PLP according to the cell allocation parameters (eg, start position, length, and sub slicing parameters) of the PLP are within a range of valid data cell indexes of the current subframe. Will be.
  • the sub slicing parameters are included only in the distributed PLP.
  • each data cell in a subframe is allocated to at most one PLP per LDM layer.
  • At least one of single PLP multiplexing, layered division multiplexing (LDM), time division multiplexing (TDM), frequency division multiplexing (FDM), and time-frequency division multiplexing (TFDM) may be applied in a multiplexing scheme.
  • LDM layered division multiplexing
  • TDM time division multiplexing
  • FDM frequency division multiplexing
  • TFDM time-frequency division multiplexing
  • the output of the time interleaver may be sequentially mapped to data symbols in the frame.
  • the TDM scheme uses a non-distributed PLP that concatenates a plurality of PLPs in a subframe according to time.
  • each PLP in a subframe is classified into one of a core layer PLP and an enhanced layer PLP, and a value for distinguishing each layer is signaled in the L1D_plp_layer field of the L1 signaling data.
  • Each core layer PLP in a subframe represents one time interleaver group. Therefore, each core layer PLP belongs directly to each time interleaver group in a subframe and is directly related to L1 signaling data including time interleaving parameters for that PLP.
  • each enhanced layer PLP is related to one or more time interleaver groups in a subframe but is not directly related to L1 signaling data related to time interleaving.
  • the enhanced layer PLP follows the time interleaving of the time interleaver group (or groups) associated therewith.
  • the time interleaver groups are indexed within the subframe according to the order in which the related core layer PLPs appear in the control signaling for the subframe.
  • the FDM scheme is obtained by configuring a plurality of PLPs in a subframe with distributed PLPs.
  • the sub-slice interval of each distributed PLP is set to the number of data cells per data symbol for the current subframe configuration.
  • the FDM effect can be obtained only when frequency interleaving is not used in the subframe.
  • the TFDM scheme is achieved by appropriately setting the PLP size and sub-slice related parameters in the method used to configure the FDM. And one or more non-distributed PLPs can optionally be included in the TFDM subframe.
  • frequency interleaving is optional for the data symbols included in the subframe, but is essential for the preamble symbols included in the preamble. That is, it may or may not be used for the subframe boundary symbols and the data cells in the data symbols, whether or not the signal is used in the L1D_frequency_interleaver field of the L1 signaling data.
  • the frequency interleaver 1503 operates on data cells in one OFDM symbol.
  • the frequency interleaver 1503 may provide frequency diversity by randomly interleaving input cells.
  • the frequency interleaver 1503 includes data corresponding to an OFDM symbol pair composed of two sequential OFDM symbols using different interleaving seed order to obtain the maximum interleaving gain in a single frame. It may operate on data corresponding to one OFDM symbol.
  • the cells input to the frequency interleaver 1503 may be defined as follows.
  • a m, l represents the l th symbol of the m th subframe.
  • frequency interleaving operates on both null and active cells.
  • An interleaving sequence is required to frequency interleave input cells in the frequency interleaver 1503.
  • the interleaving sequence has the same meaning as an interleaving address or frequency interleaving sequence, and will be used interchangeably for convenience of description.
  • the frequency interleaver 1503 includes at least one OFDM symbol, that is, cells of each OFDM symbol or two paired OFDM symbols (pair-wise OFDM symbol or each OFDM symbol pair). Frequency diversity can be obtained by applying different interleaving sequences to frequency interleaving.
  • the frequency interleaver 1503 includes a frequency interleaving address generator for generating an interleaving sequence.
  • the frequency interleaving address generator may include a basic interleaving sequence generator, a symbol offset generator, an operation operator, and an address check block.
  • the basic interleaving sequence generator may include a basic random address generator and a wire permutation block.
  • the basic interleaving sequence generator may further include a 1-bit toggle block and is toggled as the most significant bit of the basic interleaving sequence according to the control of the control unit.
  • Bit binary word Is generated through the following process.
  • Table 1 shows the FFT mode, that is, according to the FFT size. The value is showing.
  • the wire permutation block changes the order of bits in a sequence generated by a basic random address generator.
  • the wire permutation block may change the order of bits using a wire permutation table (that is, one of Tables 2 to 4) preset according to the FFT size.
  • the wire permutation block changes the order of the bits of the 13-bit basic random sequence using the preset wire permutation table as shown in Table 2 below, and outputs them to the arithmetic operator.
  • the wire permutation block changes the order of the bits of the 13-bit basic random sequence using the preset wire permutation table as shown in Table 2 below, and outputs them to the arithmetic operator.
  • different wire permutations are used for each data cell corresponding to each symbol constituting an OFDM symbol pair.
  • two different wire permutations are applied to shuffle the output vector of the basic random address generator corresponding to the odd symbol and the even symbol constituting the OFDM symbol pair. This indicates that even though the same basic random address generator is used for one symbol pair, different wire permutations generate different interleaving sequences for one symbol pair.
  • Table 2 below shows the bit words output from the Basic Random Address Generator when the FFT size is 8K. Bit word whose position is changed by wire permutation in the wire permutation block. Showing the relationship. That is, in Table 2 below, the first column represents the bit position of the input bit sequence, and the second and third columns represent the bit position changed by wire permutation. The bit position of the second column is applied to the even symbol of the input OFDM symbol pair, and the bit position of the third column corresponds to the odd symbol of the input OFDM symbol pair.
  • the wire permutation block uses the preset wire permutation table as shown in Table 3 below to change the order of the bits of the 14-bit basic random sequence and output the converted bits to the arithmetic operator. Shall be.
  • the same wire permutation table may be used for data cells corresponding to each symbol constituting an OFDM symbol pair, or different wire permu for each data cell corresponding to each symbol constituting an OFDM symbol pair. Presentation may be used.
  • two different wire permutations are applied to shuffle the output vector of the basic random address generator corresponding to the odd symbol and the even symbol constituting the OFDM symbol pair. This indicates that even though the same basic random address generator is used for one symbol pair, different wire permutations generate different interleaving sequences for one symbol pair.
  • Table 3 below shows the bit words output from the Basic Random Address Generator when the FFT size is 16K. Bit word whose position is changed by wire permutation in the wire permutation block. Showing the relationship. That is, in Table 3 below, the first column represents the bit position of the input bit sequence, and the second and third columns represent the bit position changed by wire permutation. Similar to the 8K FFT size, the bit position of the second column is applied to the even numbered symbols of the input OFDM symbol pair, and the bit position of the third column corresponds to the odd numbered symbols of the input OFDM symbol pair.
  • the wire permutation block reorders the bits of the 15-bit basic random sequence using a preset wire permutation table as shown in Table 4, and outputs them to the arithmetic operator. do.
  • the same wire permutation is used for data cells corresponding to each symbol constituting the OFDM symbol pair. This means that a single permutation is used for the 32K FFT size, which indicates that the same interleaving sequence is used every symbol pair.
  • Table 4 below shows the bit words output from the Basic Random Address Generator when the FFT size is 32K. Bit word whose position is changed by wire permutation in the wire permutation block. Showing the relationship.
  • the first column represents a bit position of an input bit sequence
  • the second column represents a bit position changed by wire permutation. That is, the bit position of the second column is equally applied to the even and odd symbols of the input OFDM symbol pair.
  • the symbol offset generator generates a new offset sequence every two OFDM symbols. That is, the symbol offset generator operates in units of OFDM symbol pairs. In other words, the symbol offset value is two consecutive symbols ( and Is constant in
  • the operation operator receives an output of the basic interleaving sequence generator and an output of the symbol offset generator to perform an exclusive OR operation.
  • the output sequence of the arithmetic operator becomes an interleaving sequence (ie an interleaving address).
  • the address check block determines whether an interleaving sequence (ie, interleaving address) output from the arithmetic operator is within a range of allowable carrier indices for a particular OFDM symbol to be frequency interleaved.
  • the address check block determines whether the output of the operation operator exceeds the total number of data cells in a symbol, and ignores the output if the generated address value is greater than the number of data cells.
  • an interleaving sequence having a length corresponding to the FFT size is generated for each FFT size, and the process of generating the interleaving sequence is slightly different for each FFT size.
  • the preamble symbol (s) and data symbols in the signal frame output from the first frame building unit 1500 are input to the first OFDM generation unit 1600.
  • the first OFDM generation unit 1600 may include a pilot inserter 1601, a MISO processing unit 1602, an IFFT unit 1603, a guard interval inserter 1605, and a bootstrap inserter 1606. It is set as an Example. And a PAPR (Peak-to-Average-Power Reduction) unit 1604 can be inserted between the IFFT unit 1603 and the guard interval inserter 1605, which is optional.
  • a PAPR Peak-to-Average-Power Reduction
  • the symbols input to the first OFDM generation unit 1600 are converted to a time domain OFDM symbol after pilot insertion, MISO processing, PAPR processing, and IFFT, and then inserted into a receiver through guard interval insertion and bootstrap symbol (s) insertion. Is sent.
  • Various cells in the signal frame are modulated with reference information known to the transmitter / receiver.
  • the cells including the reference information may be transmitted at a boosted power level.
  • such cells are called pilots.
  • the pilot type inserted by the pilot inserter 1601 includes a scattered pilot (SP), a continuous pilot (CP), an edge pilot, a preamble pilot, and a subframe boundary pilot.
  • SP scattered pilot
  • CP continuous pilot
  • edge pilot an edge pilot
  • preamble pilot a pilot that is used in various ways such as channel synchronization, channel estimation, phase noise estimation, and the like.
  • Table 5 below shows examples of pilot types that may be applied according to the symbol type of the present invention.
  • scattered pilot cells are inserted and transmitted in all data symbols, and are not inserted in the preamble symbol (s) and subframe boundary symbol (s). And the scattered pilot pattern is signaled in the L1 signaling data.
  • the amplitude of the scattered pilot may be calculated from the parameter L1D_scattered_pilot_boost field value and the scattered pilot pattern.
  • continuous pilot cells are inserted and transmitted in all symbols of a frame including preamble symbols and arbitrary subframe boundary symbols.
  • the CP positions are determined from the additional position of the additional CP set and the common CP set.
  • the common CP set is a pilot designed not to overlap with the scattered pilot
  • the additional CP set is a pilot designed such that the number of valid data carriers in each data symbol is constant. Therefore, in some cases, additional CPs may overlap with scattered pilots. That is, the number of additional CP sets may overlap with the scattered pilot in the symbol according to the FFT size and the pilot pattern.
  • the positions of the common CP used for the 16K FFT size and the 8K FFT size are calculated from the positions of the common CP set of the 32K FFT size.
  • the edge pilot is applied to all symbols in the signal frame except the preamble symbol (s).
  • a preamble pilot is inserted relatively more than a scattered pilot inserted into a subframe to equalize an accurate preamble signal.
  • the preamble pilots inserted into the preamble of the frame are selected to be at least the same density as the scattered pilots of the first subframe of the same frame.
  • a preamble pilot is inserted relatively more than a scattered pilot inserted into a subframe to equalize an accurate preamble signal.
  • the preamble pilots inserted into the preamble of the frame are selected to be at least the same density as the scattered pilots of the first subframe of the same frame.
  • pilot cells of the preamble symbol (s) are transmitted at a boosted power level.
  • the pilots for the subframe boundary symbols are denser than the pilots for the surrounding normal data symbols of the same subframe.
  • the symbols into which the pilots are inserted in the pilot inserter 1601 are input to the MISO processor 1602.
  • the Transmit Diversity Code Filter Set (TDCFS) in the MISO processing unit 1602 artificially decorrelates signals from multiple transmitters in a single frequency network in order to minimize potential destructive interference.
  • TCFS Transmit Diversity Code Filter Set
  • MISO pre-distortion technology is applied to the output of the pilot inserter 1601.
  • MISO is applied only to OFDM symbols of a subframe and not to bootstrap or preamble. Whether MISO is applied is signaled in the L1B_first_sub_miso field and the L1D_miso field of the L1 signaling data.
  • the IFFT unit 1603 converts data symbols and preamble symbol (s) of a signal frame into symbols of a time domain. All symbols contain data and reference information (ie, pilot), each symbol consisting of a set of NoC carriers.
  • the PAPR unit 1604 is optional and may reduce the PAPR of symbols converted into the time domain in the IFFT unit 1603 using tone reservation (TR) and / or Active Constellation Extension (ACE) techniques.
  • TR tone reservation
  • ACE Active Constellation Extension
  • the guard interval inserter 1605 inserts a guard interval into each symbol. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the guard interval is inserted before the valid data period of each symbol.
  • the bootstrap inserter 1606 inserts the bootstrap symbol (s) at the beginning of each signal frame to form a bootstrap.
  • bootstrap provides a universal entry point as a digital transmission signal, and uses a fixed configuration known to all receivers (e.g., sampling rate, signal bandwidth, subcarrier spacing, time domain structure). In one embodiment.
  • the bootstrap is composed of one or more symbols, the first symbol (that is, bootstrap symbol 0) is the beginning of each frame period to enable signal discovery, coarse synchronization, frequency offset estimation, initial channel estimation Start with a sync symbol at.
  • the remaining symbol (s) include control signaling (hereinafter referred to as bootstrap signaling information) for receiving and decoding the rest of the frame.
  • the bootstrap version is divided into a main version number and a minor version number.
  • the main version is coded in bootstrap_major_version
  • the minor version is coded in bootstrap_minor_version.
  • the Zadoff-Chu (ZC) root and the PN sequence seed are used to generate a base encoding sequence for bootstrap symbol content.
  • the major version number is signaled by selecting a ZC route corresponding to a particular signal type.
  • the minor version number is signaled by selecting the appropriate PN sequence seed to exist within the particular major version.
  • the values used for each bootstrap symbol are ZC sequences modulated by the PN sequence in the frequency domain.
  • the ZC route and PN seed signal the major and minor versions of the bootstrap as described above.
  • the ZC sequence modulated with the PN sequence has a complex sequence and is applied to each subcarrier at the IFFT input.
  • the PN sequence applies phase retation to individual complex subcarriers and thus maintains desirable CAZAC (Constant Amplitude Zero Auto-Correlation) characteristics of the original ZC sequence.
  • the PN sequence provides additional signal separation between cyclic shifts of the same root sequence by suppressing spurious peaks in the autocorrelation response.
  • the bootstrap symbols have two structures depending on the position of the symbol. That is, the bootstrap symbol 0, that is, the initial symbol is used for synchronization detection and uses a CAB structure, and the remaining bootstrap symbol (s) uses a BCA structure.
  • bootstrap signaling information The control signaling signaled and transmitted to the bootstrap symbols will be referred to as bootstrap signaling information.
  • the information signaled to the bootstrap symbol 1 includes an ea_wake_up_1 field, a min_time_to_next field, and a system_bandwidth field.
  • the ea_wake_up_1 field is an emergency alert wakeup field and indicates whether an emergency situation exists.
  • the min_time_to_next field indicates the minimum time from the start of the current frame A to the start of the next frame B of the same major / minor version as the current frame A.
  • the system_bandwidth field represents a system bandwidth used for the part after the bootstrap of the current physical layer frame.
  • the information signaled to the bootstrap symbol 2 includes an ea_wake_up_2 field and a bsr_coefficient field.
  • the ea_wake_up_2 field indicates whether an emergency situation exists together with the ea_wake_up_1 field of the bootstrap symbol 1.
  • the bsr_coefficient field represents a sampling rate for a signal after the bootstrap of the current physical layer frame.
  • the information signaled to the bootstrap symbol 3 is a preamble_structure field. This field signals the transmission parameters for one or more preamble symbols located after the last bootstrap symbol.
  • the present invention may be applied to the MIMO scheme as mentioned above.
  • the transmission system includes a first input formatting unit 1100, a first BICM unit 1200, a MIMO processing unit 1400, and first and second frame building units 1500 and 1550. ), And first and second OFDM generation units 1600 and 1650.
  • the MIMO processing unit 1400 may also be referred to as a MIMO precoding unit.
  • the configuration of the second frame building unit 1550 is the same as that of the first frame building unit 1500, the detailed description of the first frame building unit 1500 is referred to, and the second frame building is referred to. A detailed description of the unit 1550 will be omitted, and since the configuration of the second OFDM generation unit 1650 is the same as that of the first OFDM generation unit 1600, the first OFDM generation unit 1600 may be omitted. A detailed description will be referred to, and a detailed description of the second OFDM generation unit 1650 will be omitted.
  • MIMO technology can increase robustness through additional spatial diversity by applying spatial multiplexing, which transmits two different data streams on a single RF channel, and / or Alternatively, the channel capacity can be increased.
  • the spatial multiplexing gain is obtained only through MIMO technology, unlike SIMO (Single-Input Multiple-Output) / MISO (Multiple-Input Single-Output), and can overcome the transmission channel capacity limitation through a single antenna without increasing the additional transmission power. have.
  • the transmitter / receiver uses a cross-polarized antenna having two horizontal and vertical polarities.
  • the MIMO demux 1203 is used to separate a single cell word stream into a dual cell word stream for MIMO processing. That is, the output bits of the bit retriever 1202 are separated into a first input signal (for example, an even vector) and a second input signal (for example, an odd vector), and the first input signal is a first mapper. At 1204, the second input signal is output to the second mapper 1205.
  • a first input signal for example, an even vector
  • a second input signal for example, an odd vector
  • the first mapper 1204 and the second mapper 1205 respectively map input signals to QAM constellation points having complex values on the IQ plane. Detailed operations of the first mapper 1204 and the second mapper 1205 will be described with reference to the description of the mapper 2300 described above. However, in the present invention for MIMO processing, the same constellations are used for MIMO, and the same modulation order is transmitted from two transmit antennas.
  • the outputs of the first mapper 1204 and the second mapper 1205 are input to the MIMO processor 1400.
  • the MIMO processor 1400 receives a pre-coded pair of cell symbols and outputs a pair of cell symbols.
  • the MIMO processing unit 1400 may use a full-rate spatial multiplexing (FR-SM) scheme for providing capacity increase with a relatively small complexity increase at the receiver side.
  • FR-SM full-rate spatial multiplexing
  • MIMO processing is applied at the PLP level.
  • the combination of 256QAM and FEC codes having 16200 bits in length is not allowed in MIMO.
  • the MIMO process is not applied to the bootstrap and the preamble. In one embodiment, it also does not apply to signaling elements. In one embodiment, MIMO is not used with any of ACE, LDM, and channel bonding.
  • L1 signaling provides information necessary for configuring physical layer parameters.
  • the L1 signaling is divided into L1-Basic signaling data and L1-Detail signaling data, and transmitted in preamble symbols.
  • bootstrap signaling information transmitted as bootstrap symbols may also be included in the L1 signaling.
  • the L1-Basic signaling data is the most basic system signaling information of the system and defines parameters necessary for decoding the L1-Detail signaling data. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the length of the L1-Basic signaling data is fixed to 200 bits.
  • the L1-Detail signaling data defines a data context and information necessary for decoding thereof.
  • the length of the L1-Detail signaling data is variable from frame to frame.
  • the L1 signaling processor 1700 is a block for performing processing for protection of L1 signaling, and an L1-Basic processing unit and L1-Detail for processing for protection of L1-Basic signaling data.
  • L1-Detail processing unit for performing a process for the protection of the signaling data.
  • the L1-Basic processing unit scrambling, BCH encoding, zero padding, LDPC encoding, parity permutation, repetition / puncturing, zero removing, and bit for L1-Basic signaling data
  • the demux and the constellation mapping are sequentially performed and then output to the frame building unit 1500. Some of these functions may be performed only when the corresponding condition is satisfied or may be omitted without the condition. If the MIMO scheme is applied, the L1-Basic signaling data processed by the L1-Basic processor is output to the first and second frame building units 1500 and 1550.
  • the L1-Detail processing unit performs segmentation, scrambling, BCH encoding, zero padding, LDPC encoding, parity permutation, repetition / puncturing, and zero removing on L1-Detail signaling data. , Bit demux, and constellation mapping are sequentially performed and output to the frame building unit 1500.
  • the L1-Detail processor may further perform additional parity generation, bit demux on the generated additional parity data, and constellation mapping to the L1-Detail signaling data. Some of these functions may be performed only when the corresponding condition is satisfied or may be omitted without the condition. If the MIMO scheme is applied, the L1-Detail signaling data processed by the L1-Detail processing unit is output to the first and second frame building units 1500 and 1550.
  • the L1-Basic signaling data and the L1-Detail signaling data are encoded by a concatenation scheme of the BCH outer code and the LDPC inner code.
  • the protection levels of L1-Basic signaling data and L1-Detail signaling data are classified into seven modes based on LDPC code, modulation order, and shortening / puncturing parameters to provide a variety of robustness levels that support a wide SNR range. do. Each mode has different combinations of LDPC codes, modulation orders, constellations, and shortening / puncturing patterns.
  • the number of information bits included in one encoded block will be referred to as Ksig.
  • Ls signaling bits having a length of Ksig correspond to one LDPC encoded block.
  • the Ksig value for the L1-Basic signaling data is fixed to 200, but since the number of bits of the L1-Detail signaling data is variable, the Ksig value for the L1-Detail signaling data is a variable. Therefore, when the number of bits of the L1-Detail signaling data is larger than the maximum value of Ksig, the segmentation operation is additionally applied to the L1-Detail signaling data.
  • zero padding bits are filled with zero padding bits to the bit to be LDPC encoded by the difference. After padding is performed, LDPC encoding is performed. Therefore, zero padding is performed only if this condition is satisfied. If zero padding is performed, the zero padding bits are not transmitted and are removed after the iteration / puncturing process.
  • bit demuxing when bit demuxing is performed on the L1-Basic signaling data and the L1-Detail signaling data, the block interleaving is performed and then demuxed.
  • FIG. 8 (a) is a diagram illustrating an embodiment of a block interleaving process of a block interleaver in a bit demux block provided in the L1-Basic processing unit and the L1-Detail processing unit, respectively.
  • FIG. 8 (b) is a demux after block interleaving. A diagram showing an embodiment of the process.
  • bits input for bit demuxing eg, N FEC or N FEC
  • the length of + N FEC repeat is written serially in the column direction of the block interleaver memory, where the number of columns equals the modulation order.
  • bits for a constellation symbol are read sequentially in the row direction (fed) and then fed to bit demuxing, which continues until the last column.
  • Each block interleaved group is demultiplexed bit-by-bit within one group prior to constellation mapping.
  • mapping rules there are two mapping rules according to the modulation order. That is, in the case of QPSK, the reliability of bits in a symbol is the same. Accordingly, one bit group read from the block interleaver is directly mapped to a QAM symbol without undergoing an interleaving process. On the other hand, in the case of higher order modulation, one bit group is mapped to a QAM symbol according to the rules described below.
  • i% ⁇ MOD denotes a remainder obtained by dividing i by ⁇ MOD
  • i denotes a bit group index corresponding to a row index in block interleaving. That is, the output bit group S demux _ out (i) that maps each QAM symbol is cyclically shifted from S demux _ in (i) according to the bit group index i . 8 (b) shows an example of a bit demuxing process for 16-NUC of the present invention.
  • FIG 9 illustrates an embodiment of syntax of L1-Basic signaling data according to the present invention.
  • the following fields are parameters related to the system and frame.
  • the L1B_version field indicates the version of the L1-Basic signaling structure.
  • the L1B_mimo_scattered_pilot_encoding field indicates which MIMO pilot encoding method the MIMO subframes of the local frame use.
  • the L1B_lls_flag field indicates whether low level signaling (LLS) exists in one or more PLPs of the current frame.
  • the L1B_time_info_flag field represents whether time information exists in the current frame.
  • the L1B_time_info_flag field uses two bits as shown in Table 6 below to indicate whether time information is present in the current frame, and if time information is present, the time information is signaled to a certain precision (ie, unit). In one embodiment, indicating whether or not. For example, if the L1B_time_info_flag field value is 00, this indicates that there is no time information in the current frame. On the other hand, if the L1B_time_info_flag field value is 01, time information exists in the current frame, and the time information indicates that up to ms precision (ie, time information in milliseconds) is signaled.
  • the L1B_time_info_flag field value is 10
  • time information exists in the current frame, and the time information indicates that the signal is signaled up to us precision (that is, time information in microsec unit)
  • the L1B_time_info_flag field value is 11
  • the current frame Time information exists, indicating that the time information is signaled up to ns precision (ie, time information in nanosec units).
  • actual time information having a precision indicated by the L1B_time_info_flag field value is signaled to the L1-Detail signaling data.
  • Time information is not included in the current frame 01
  • Time information is included in the current frame and signaled to ms precision 10
  • Time information is included in the current frame and signaled to us precision 11
  • Time information is included in the current frame and signaled to ns precision
  • the L1B_return_channel_flag field represents the presence or absence of a dedicated return channel (DRC) of the current frame, the current frequency band, and the current broadcast network.
  • DRC dedicated return channel
  • the L1B_papr_reduction field indicates whether PAPR reduction is used as shown in Table 7 below, and if so, what technique is used to reduce the average power ratio in the current frame. PAPR reduction may be applied to all other OFDM symbols except the first preamble symbol of the current frame.
  • the L1B_frame_length_mode field is when the current frame is a time aligned frame with an arrangement of excess samples added to the guard interval interval of data payload OFDM symbols (ie, non-preamble OFDM symbols) (ie, the preamble is Non-OFDM symbol), is set to zero. Conversely, it is set to 1 when the current frame is a symbol-aligned frame with no excess sample placement.
  • the L1B_frame_length field indicates a time period from the start of the first sample of the bootstrap associated with the current frame to the end of the last sample of the current frame when the frame is time aligned.
  • the L1B_excess_samples_per_symbol field is present only when the frames are time aligned, and indicates the number of excess samples included in the guard interval of each OFDM symbol (ie, non-preamble OFDM symbol) that is not a preamble after the bootstrap of the current frame.
  • the L1B_time_offset field is present only when the frames are symbol aligned, and indicates the number of sample periods.
  • the L1B_additional_samples field is present only when the frames are symbol aligned, and indicates the number of additional samples.
  • the L1B_num_subframes field indicates the number of subframes in the current frame.
  • the L1B_num_subframes field is set to one less than the number of subframes in the current frame.
  • the following fields are parameters that provide information necessary for decoding the remaining part of the preamble, that is, the L1-Detail signaling data.
  • the L1B_preamble_num_symbols field represents the number of OFDM symbols included in the remaining preambles except the first preamble symbol.
  • the L1B_preamble_reduced_carriers field represents the number of control units of carriers for reducing the maximum number of carriers defined for each FFT size used in the preamble.
  • the carrier reduction may be applied to all preamble symbols of the current frame except the first preamble symbol.
  • the L1B_L1_Detail_content_tag field is incremented by 1 when the content of the L1-Detail signaling data of the current frame is changed in comparison with the L1-Detail signaling data of the previous frame having the same major and minor bootstrap of the current frame.
  • L1D_time_sec L1D_time_msec, L1D_time_usec, L1D_time_nsec (including the presence or absence of any of these listed time fields)
  • L1D_plp_lls_flag L1D_plp_fec_block_start
  • L1D_plp_CTI_fec_block_start L1D_plp_CTI_start_row fields change L1B_L1_Detail_content_tag field value is not increased Do not.
  • the L1B_L1_Detail_size_bytes field indicates the size of L1-Detail signaling data. In this case, parity added in the current frame for the L1-Detail signaling data of the next frame is not included.
  • the L1B_L1_Detail_fec_type field represents an FEC type for protection of L1-Detail signaling data.
  • the L1B_L1_Detail_additional_parity_mode field represents Additional Parity Mode.
  • the L1B_L1_Detail_total_cells field indicates the total size of modulated additional parity bits of coded modulated L1-Detail signaling data and L1-Detail signaling data of a next frame, which are combined for the current frame, in units of OFDM cells.
  • the following fields are parameters for the first subframe, and the first subframe of the current frame does not have to wait for L1-Detail signaling data to be decoded so that the first subframe can immediately perform initial OFDM processing at the receiving end.
  • the signaling data is signaled.
  • the L1B_first_sub_mimo field represents whether MIMO is used for the first subframe of the current frame.
  • the L1B_first_sub_miso field represents whether MISO is used for the first subframe of the current frame.
  • the L1B_first_sub_fft_size field indicates the FFT size related to the first subframe of the current frame.
  • the FFT size of the preamble in one frame is the same as the FFT size of the first subframe in the same frame.
  • the L1B_first_sub_reduced_carriers field represents a control unit value for reducing the maximum number of carriers defined for each FFT size used in the first subframe of the current frame.
  • the L1B_first_sub_guard_interval field indicates the guard interval length of OFDM symbols in the first subframe of the current frame.
  • the guard interval length signaled for the first subframe in one frame is the same as the guard interval length indicated for the preamble in the same frame.
  • the L1B_first_sub_num_ofdm_symbols field represents the number of OFDM symbols included in the first subframe of the current frame.
  • the L1B_first_sub_scattered_pilot_pattern field represents the scattered pilot pattern of the first subframe of the current frame.
  • the L1B_first_sub_scattered_pilot_boost field is combined with a scattered pilot pattern to indicate the power of the scattered pilot of the first subframe of the current frame.
  • the L1B_first_sub_sbs_first field indicates whether the first symbol of the first subframe of the current frame is a subframe boundary symbol.
  • the L1B_first_sub_sbs_last field represents whether the last symbol of the first subframe of the current frame is a subframe boundary symbol.
  • the L1D_version field represents the version of the L1-Detail signaling structure used for the current frame.
  • the L1D_time_sec field represents seconds components of time information using 32 bits.
  • the L1D_time_msec field indicates milliseconds component of time information using 10 bits. For example, if the portion of time information less than 1 second is 0.123456789, the L1D_time_msec field is 123.
  • the L1D_time_usec field represents a microseconds component of time information using 10 bits. For example, if the portion of time information less than 1 second is 0.123456789, the L1D_time_usec field is 456.
  • the L1D_time_nsec field represents a nanoseconds component of time information using 10 bits. For example, if the portion of time information less than 1 second is 0.123456789, the L1D_time_nsec field is 789.
  • the L1 Detail signaling data is time information obtained at a specific position in a current frame using at least one of the L1D_time_sec field, L1D_time_msec field, L1D_time_usec field, and L1D_time_nsec field according to the L1B_time_info_flag field value signaled in the L1 Basic signaling data. Send it.
  • the L1 Detail signaling data includes the L1D_time_sec field and the L1D_time_msec field. If the L1B_time_info_flag field value is not 01, the L1 Detail signaling data further includes the L1D_time_usec field. If the L1B_time_info_flag field value is not 10, the L1 Detail signaling data further includes the L1D_time_nsec field to signal time information acquired at a specific position of the current frame.
  • the L1 Detail signaling data includes an L1D_time_sec field, an L1D_time_msec field, and an L1D_time_usec field, and transmits time information in microsec units through the fields.
  • a 10-bit L1D_time_usec field is added to a 42-bit field (that is, a 32-bit L1D_time_sec field and a 10-bit L1D_time_msec field) that transmits time information in millisecond units to transmit time information in microsec unit.
  • the L1 Detail signaling data includes an L1D_time_sec field, an L1D_time_msec field, an L1D_time_usec field, and an L1D_time_nsec field, and transmits time information in nanosec units through the fields. That is, a 10-bit L1D_time_nsec field is added to a 52-bit field (that is, a 32-bit L1D_time_sec field, a 10-bit L1D_time_msec field, and a 10-bit L1D_time_usec field) that transmits time information in microseconds. Send time information.
  • FIG. 13 illustrates an embodiment of a time information location for acquiring time information and time information transmitted to a preamble according to the present invention.
  • time information including the time obtained from the time information location of FIG. 13 is signaled and transmitted to at least one of an L1D_time_sec field, an L1D_time_msec field, an L1D_time_usec field, and an L1D_time_nsec field of the L1 Detail signaling data inserted into the preamble.
  • the time information position is the first sample position of the first symbol of the bootstrap in the frame including the time information. Therefore, in this embodiment, the time information indicates a time when the first sample of the first symbol of the bootstrap is transmitted.
  • the time information is transmitted at least once every 5 seconds.
  • the following fields are parameters for L1-Detail channel bonding.
  • the present invention can apply a channel bonding method that can combine multiple RF channels to increase the transmission data rate. In this case, the fields are signaled.
  • the L1D_num_rf field represents the number of frequencies related to channel bonding of the current system except for the current channel frequency.
  • the L1D_rf_id field identifies IDs of other RF channels related to channel bonding.
  • the L1D_rf_frequency field indicates the center frequency of another RF channel.
  • the L1D_rf_frequency field is repeated by the number of frequencies indicated by the L1D_num_rf field value, and represents the center frequency of the corresponding RF channel.
  • the next field that is L1D_mimo field, L1D_miso field, L1D_fft_size field, L1D_reduced_carriers field, L1D_guard_interval field, L1D_num_ofdm_symbols field, L1D_scattered_pilot_pattern field, L1D_scattered_pilot_boost field, L1D_sbs_first field, and L1D_sbs_last fields as parameters related to the sub-frame, the sub comprises a current frame The number of frames is repeated, and description of each field will be referred to the description of fields signaled in the L1-Basic signaling data, which will be omitted here.
  • the L1D_subframe_multiplex field indicates whether a current subframe is time division multiplexed with a subframe concatenated in time.
  • the L1D_frequency_interleaver field represents whether a frequency interleaver is used for the current subframe.
  • the L1D_sbs_null_cells field represents the number of null cells included in a subframe boundary symbol in the current subframe.
  • the following fields are parameters related to the PLP.
  • the L1D_num_plp field represents the number of PLPs used in the current subframe.
  • the L1D_plp_id field represents an identifier of the current PLP.
  • the L1D_plp_lls_flag field represents whether LLS information is included in the current PLP.
  • the L1D_plp_size field represents the number of data cells allocated to the current PLP in the current subframe. According to an embodiment, the L1D_plp_size field value is larger than zero.
  • the L1D_plp_scrambler_type field represents a scrambling method of the corresponding PLP.
  • the L1D_plp_fec_type field indicates the FEC scheme used for encoding the current PLP as shown in Table 7.
  • the L1D_plp_mod field represents a modulation scheme used for the current PLP.
  • the L1D_plp_cod field indicates a code rate used for the current PLP.
  • the L1D_plp_TI_mode field indicates the time interleave mode of the current PLP.
  • the L1D_plp_fec block_start field indicates the start position of the first FEC block starting from the current PLP during the current subframe.
  • the following fields are parameters related to LDM.
  • the L1D_plp_layer field is set equal to the layer index of the current PLP.
  • the L1D_plp_ldm_injection_level field indicates the injection level of the enhanced layer relative to the core layer.
  • the L1D_plp_num_channel_bonded field indicates the number of frequencies associated with the channel bonding PLP of the current system except the current channel frequency.
  • the L1D_plp_bonded_rf_id field represents an identifier of a channel RF that performs channel bonding with the current PLP.
  • the L1D_plp_channel_bonding_format field represents a channel bonding format for the current PLP.
  • the following fields are parameters related to PLP-based MIMO.
  • the L1D_plp_mimo_stream_combining field indicates whether the stream combining option of MIMO precoding is used for a given PLP.
  • the L1D_plp_mimo_IQ_interleaving field indicates whether the IQ polarity interleaving option of MIMO precoding is used for a given PLP.
  • the L1D_plp_mimo_PH field indicates whether the phase hopping option of MIMO precoding is used for a given PLP.
  • the following fields are parameters related to cell multiplexing.
  • the L1D_plp_start field is set equal to the index of the first data cell of the current PLP in the current subframe.
  • the L1D_plp_type field indicates whether the type of PLP is a distributed PLP or a non-distributed PLP.
  • the L1D_plp_num_subslices field represents the number of sub slices used for the current PLP of the current subframe. This field is included in the L1 Detail signaling data only when the L1D_plp_type field value is 1, that is, when the type of the current PLP is dispersed.
  • the L1D_plp_subslice_interval field is set equal to the number of sequential index data cells from the start of the current sub slice to the start of the next sub slice for the same PLP.
  • the following fields are parameters related to time interleaving.
  • the L1D_plp_TI_extended_interleaving field indicates whether extended interleaving is used for the corresponding PLP.
  • the following fields are parameters related to the convolutional time interleaver among parameters related to time interleaving.
  • the L1D_plp_CTI_depth field represents the number of rows of the convolutional interleaver (memory).
  • the L1D_plp_CTI_start_row field indicates the position of the start switch of the convolutional interleaver at the start of the subframe.
  • the L1D_plp_CTI_fec_block_start field indicates the position after the CTI of the first cell of the first complete FEC block before the CTI of the current PLP in the current or next subframe. In other words, the field indicates the start position of the first complete FEC block of the current PLP that leaves the CTI in the current or next subframe.
  • the following fields are hybrid time interleaver (mode) parameters among the parameters related to time interleaving.
  • the L1D_plp_HTI_inter_subframe field represents a hybrid time interleaving mode.
  • the L1D_plp_HTI_num_ti_blocks field indicates the number of TI blocks per interleaving frame in the intra subframe mode and the number of subframes in which cells of one TI block are transmitted in the inter subframe mode.
  • the L1D_plp_HTI_num_fec_blocks_max field indicates the maximum number of FEC blocks per interleaving frame for the current PLP.
  • the L1D_plp_HTI_num_fec_blocks field indicates the number of FEC blocks included in the current interleaving frame for the current PLP.
  • the L1D_plp_HTI_cell_interleaver field indicates whether the cell interleaver is used.
  • FIG. 14 is a block diagram illustrating an exemplary embodiment of a reception system according to the present invention, and includes a baseband processor 3000 and a System on Chip (SoC) unit 3050.
  • the baseband processor 3000 may include a reception data processor 3001, a PLP data processor 3010, an L1 signaling processor 3020, a container encapsulation unit 3030, and a controller 3040.
  • the baseband processor 3000 is referred to as a physical layer processor
  • the system on chip unit 3050 is also referred to as an upper layer processor.
  • the baseband processor 3030 may be implemented as a single chip. In this case, the baseband processor 3030 and the system on chip unit 3050 may be implemented as each chip, or may be implemented as a single chip having the same function.
  • the controller 3040 may also be referred to as a microcontroller or microcontroller unit (MCU). That is, the controller 3040 may be a chip whose operation is controlled using an MCU-based command.
  • the control unit 3040 includes a central processing unit (CPU) core, a memory for storing related information such as data and programs, and an input / output unit for receiving an input for processing of a CPU and outputting a result thereof. do.
  • the memory may be RAM and / or ROM and may be nonvolatile memory and / or volatile memory. Alternatively, the memory may be internal memory or external memory.
  • the input / output unit may be spaced apart from the input device and the output device like the remote control and the TV main body, or the input device and the output device may occupy the same space as the touch screen of the smart phone.
  • Such input devices and output devices may include all current or future input devices or output devices, or a combination thereof.
  • the received data processor 3001 receives a broadcast signal from one or more antennas, demodulates and parses the signal, and outputs preamble data included in a preamble region within a frame of the broadcast signal to the L1 signaling processor 3020. PLP data of one or more PLPs included in the data area is output to the PLP data processor 3010. If the present invention supports MIMO, there may be two or more antennas for receiving broadcast signals.
  • the PLP data processing unit 3010 processes the PLP data output from the reception data processing unit 3001 to restore baseband packets, and outputs them to the container encapsulation unit 3030.
  • the L1 signaling processor 3020 processes L1 Basic signaling data and L1 Detail signaling data included in the preamble data output from the received data processor 3001 to signal the L1 Basic signaling data and the L1 Detail signaling. Provide the information signaled in the data to the necessary blocks. For example, at least one field value of an L1D_time_sec field, an L1D_time_msec field, an L1D_time_usec field, and an L1D_time_nsec field is encapsulated as time information according to an L1B_time_info_flag field value signaled to the L1 Basic signaling data and the L1B_time_info_flag field value. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the unit 3030 and the control unit 3040 are provided.
  • the time information extracted by the L1 signaling processor 3020 is output to the container encapsulation unit 3050. do.
  • the time information extracted by the L1 signaling processor 3020 is output to the controller 3040 according to an embodiment.
  • the controller 3040 selects whether the time information is provided to the system on chip unit 3050 using hardware or to the system on chip unit 3050 using software. And control the operation according to the selected result.
  • the time information extracted by the L1 signaling processor 3020 is provided only to the controller 3040, and the control unit 3040 determines that the L1 signaling processor 3020 only transmits time information using hardware.
  • the provided time information may be output to the container encapsulation unit 3030.
  • the reception data processor 3001, the PLP data processor 3010, and the L1 signaling processor 3020 perform an inverse process of the transmission system of FIG. 1.
  • some of the reverse processes of the transmitting system may be performed in the receiving system only when the corresponding condition is satisfied or may be omitted in the receiving system without the condition.
  • FIG. 15 illustrates a detailed block diagram of the reception data processor 3001 of FIG. 14, a detailed block diagram of the PLP data processor 3010, and a detailed block diagram of the L1 signaling processor 3020.
  • some blocks may be omitted according to a designer's intention, and some blocks may be replaced by other blocks having similar or identical functions.
  • the received data processor 3001 may include only the first OFDM demodulator 3100 and the second OFDM demodulator 3150, or the first OFDM demodulator 3100, the second OFDM demodulator 3150, The first frame parser 3200 and the second frame parser 3250 may be included. According to the present invention, the received data processor 3001 includes the first OFDM demodulator 3100, the second OFDM demodulator 3150, a first frame parser 3200, and a second frame parser 3250. In one embodiment it will be.
  • 3600 and the L1 signaling processor 3020 are basic blocks commonly applied to the LDM scheme and the MIMO scheme.
  • the LDM processor 3400, the second reverse BICM unit 3550, and the second output formatting unit 3650 are further required.
  • a second demapper 3502 of the second OFDM demodulator 3150, the second frame parser 3250, the MIMO processor 3300, and the first inverse BICM unit 3500 may be used.
  • MIMO mux 3503 are needed.
  • the aforementioned blocks may be omitted or replaced by other blocks having similar or identical functions according to the designer's intention.
  • the first OFDM demodulator 3100 includes a tuner 3101, a bootstrap detector 3102, a guard interval detector 3103, an FFT unit 3104, a channel equalizer 3105, and a MISO processor 3106. can do.
  • the MISO processing unit 3106 may also be referred to as an MISO decoder.
  • the order of each block is an embodiment to help understanding of the present invention, the order of some blocks may be changed according to the designer, a new block may be added.
  • the tuner 3101 receives a broadcast signal of a specific channel through a first antenna and outputs it to the bootstrap detector 3102.
  • the bootstrap detector 3102 detects a bootstrap in a corresponding frame from an input signal and extracts bootstrap information from bootstrap symbols transmitted in the detected bootstrap. For example, the bootstrap detector 3102 may detect the bootstrap by performing bootstrap energy detection using a bootstrap sequence. And the bootstrap information extracted from the bootstrap symbols may be provided in blocks that require this information, and / or stored in a storage (not shown) for later use.
  • the bootstrap information extracted from the bootstrap symbols may include wakeup information for emergency alert, version information, and structure of preamble symbols.
  • preamble symbols For example, FFT size, guard interval, scattered pilot pattern, and L1 of preamble symbols. It may include an FEC mode of Basic signaling data.
  • the FFT size of the preamble symbols may be used for frequency deinterleaving of the preamble symbols in the frequency deinterleaver 3201.
  • the FFT size and the guard interval length in all preamble symbols within a frame are the same.
  • the FFT size and GI length of the preamble are the same as the FFT size and GI length of the first subframe in the frame.
  • the present invention can find out what frame configuration the signal currently received from the bootstrap information has.
  • bootstrap symbols are deleted from the input signal and then output to the guard interval detector 3103.
  • the guard interval detector 3103 detects and deletes the guard interval from the input signal and outputs the guard interval to the FFT unit 3104.
  • a synchronization block for performing time synchronization and frequency synchronization using the bootstrap information may be further included between the bootstrap detector 3102 and the guard interval detector 3103.
  • the synchronization block may be included in the output terminal of the guard interval detector 3103.
  • the FFT unit 3104 converts the input signal into a frequency domain and outputs the converted signal to the channel equalizer 3105.
  • the channel equalizer 3105 estimates a transmission channel using pilots inserted in the transmission system, compensates for the distortion of the received signal using the estimated transmission channel, and outputs it to the MISO processor 3106.
  • the MISO scheme is applied only to OFDM symbols of a subframe and not to bootstrap or preamble. Whether the MISO scheme is applied to each subframe is signaled in the L1B_first_sub_miso field and the L1D_miso field of the L1 signaling data.
  • the MISO processing unit 3106 determines whether to decode the MISO for the corresponding subframe using at least the L1B_first_sub_miso field and the L1D_miso field among the information included in the L1 signaling data, and decodes the MISO in the reverse process of the transmission system for the corresponding subframe. Or skip MISO decoding.
  • the frame parser 3200 may include a frequency deinterleaver 3201, a frame parser 3202, and a time deinterleaver 3203.
  • frequency interleaving is mandatory for preamble symbols and optional for data symbols included in a subframe. And whether to perform frequency interleaving for each subframe is signaled in the L1D_frequency_interleaver field of the L1-Detail signaling data.
  • the frequency deinterleaver 3201 outputs the preamble symbols output from the first OFDM demodulator 3100 to the L1 signaling processor 3020 after performing frequency deinterleaving in a reverse process of the transmission system.
  • the L1 signaling processor 3020 may include an L1-Basic processor that performs the reverse process of the transmitter for L1-Basic signaling data and an L1-Detail processor that performs the reverse process of the transmitter for L1-Detail signaling data. Can be.
  • the L1-Basic processor performs constellation demapping, bit mux, zero padding, depuncturing, parity demutation, and the like on the L1-Basic signaling data of the L1 signaling data transmitted as the preamble symbols in a reverse process of the transmission system.
  • LDPC decoding, zero cancellation, BCH decoding, and descrambling are sequentially performed to extract information included in the L1-Basic signaling data. Some of these functions may be omitted according to the designer's intention, or may be performed by other blocks having similar or identical functions. And the information extracted from the L1-Basic signaling data may be provided in blocks requiring this information, and / or may be stored in a storage unit (not shown) for later use.
  • the L1B_first_sub_miso field value extracted from the L1-Basic signaling data is output to the MISO processing unit 3106.
  • the L1B_time_info_flag field value extracted from the L1-Basic signaling data is output to the L1-Detail processing unit according to an embodiment.
  • the L1B_time_info_flag field indicates to which precision the time information is included when there is time information and time information in the current frame. Meanwhile, actual time information having a precision indicated by the L1B_time_info_flag field value and including a time obtained at a preset time information position in a corresponding frame is signaled and received in L1 Detail signaling data.
  • the L1-Detail processing unit may perform constellation demapping, bit mux, zero padding, depuncturing, parity depermutation, and the like in reverse process of a transmission system for L1-Detail signaling data among L1 signaling data transmitted through the preamble symbols.
  • LDPC decoding, zero cancellation, BCH decoding, descrambling, and segmentation are sequentially performed to extract information included in the L1-Detail signaling data. If the L1-Detail processor adds parity data to the L1-Detail signaling data in the transmission system, the L1-Detail processor may extract the parity data by further performing constellation demapping and bit mux on the added parity data.
  • the information extracted from the L1-Detail signaling data may be provided in blocks requiring this information, and / or may be stored in a storage unit (not shown) for later use.
  • the L1D_miso field value extracted from the L1-Detail signaling data is output to the MISO processing unit 3106, and the L1D_frequency_interleaver field value is output to the frequency deinterleaver 3201.
  • time information extracted from the L1 basic signaling data and the L1-Detail signaling data may be output to the container encapsulation unit 3030 and / or the control unit 3040. That is, the L1-Detail processing unit extracts time information signaled to the L1-Detail signaling data based on the L1B_time_info_flag field value output from the L1-Basic processing unit.
  • the time information output to the container encapsulation unit 3030 and / or the control unit 3040 is a L1B_time_info_flag field value indicating that there is no time information in the current frame.
  • the L1-Detail signaling data includes at least one of an L1D_time_sec field, an L1D_time_msec field, an L1D_time_usec field, and an L1D_time_nsec field.
  • the L1-Detail processing unit extracts time information from at least one of the L1D_time_sec field, L1D_time_msec field, L1D_time_usec field, and L1D_time_nsec field according to whether the L1B_time_info_flag field value is 01, 10, or 11. 3030 and / or to the control unit 3040.
  • the L1-Detail processing unit extracts time information in milliseconds from the L1D_time_sec field and the L1D_time_msec field to extract the container encapsulation unit 3030 and / or the controller 3040.
  • the L1-Detail processing unit extracts time information in micro-sec unit from the L1D_time_sec field, L1D_time_msec field, and L1D_time_usec field, and then the container encapsulation unit 3030 and / or the Output to the controller 3040.
  • the L1-Detail processing unit extracts time information in nano-sec unit from the L1D_time_sec field, L1D_time_msec field, L1D_time_usec field, and L1D_time_nsec field, and then encapsulates the container 3030. And / or output to the controller 3040.
  • the time information signaled in the L1 Detail signaling data corresponds to a time when the first sample (ie, time information location) of the first symbol of the bootstrap in the frame is transmitted as shown in FIG. 13.
  • the frequency deinterleaver 3201 performs frequency deinterleaving on the corresponding subframe or skips frequency deinterleaving based on the L1D_frequency_interleaver field value provided by the L1 signaling processor 3020.
  • the frequency deinterleaving when performing frequency deinterleaving on a corresponding subframe based on the L1D_frequency_interleaver field value, is performed using one memory.
  • the frequency deinterleaving operates on data cells in one OFDM symbol.
  • the frame including the symbols of the preamble symbol (s) on which the frequency deinterleaving has been performed and the subframe (s) on which the frequency deinterleaving has been performed or the frequency deinterleaving process has been skipped in the frequency deinterleaver 3202 is the frame.
  • Output to parser 3202 is parsed.
  • the PLPs included in the subframe (s) parsed by the frame parser 3202 are output to a time deinterleaver 3203 which operates for each PLP.
  • time interleaving is one of three modes: no time interleaving mode, convolutional time interleaver (CTI) mode, and hybrid time interleaver (HTI) mode.
  • CTI convolutional time interleaver
  • HTI hybrid time interleaver
  • FIG. 16 (a) shows an embodiment of a block diagram of a convolutional time deinterleaver when a CTI mode is applied to an n-th PLP according to the present invention
  • FIG. 16 (b) shows an n-th according to the present invention.
  • An embodiment of a block diagram of a hybrid time deinterleaver when an HTI mode is applied to a PLP is shown.
  • the convolutional time deinterleaver of FIG. 16 (a) uses the at least L1D_plp_CTI_depth field, L1D_plp_CTI_start_row field, and L1D_plp_CTI_fec_block_start field value among information included in the L1 signaling data to control the corresponding PLP data in the reverse process described above. Perform universal time deinterleaving.
  • the hybrid time deinterleaver of FIG. 16B includes a convolutional deinterleaver 4101, a block deinterleaver 4103, and a cell deinterleaver 4105.
  • the convolutional deinterleaver 4101 and the cell deinterleaver 4105 are optionally used as in a transmission system.
  • whether to use the convolutional deinterleaver 4101 is determined based on the L1D_plp_HTI_inter_subframe field included in the L1-detail signaling data, and whether to use the cell deinterleaver 4105 is included in the L1-detail signaling data. According to an embodiment, the determination is based on the L1D_plp_HTI_cell_interleaver field value.
  • the hybrid time deinterleaver of FIG. 16 (b) uses at least the L1D_plp_HTI_inter_subframe field, the L1D_plp_HTI_num_ti_blocks field, the L1D_plp_HTI_num_fec_blocks_max field of the information included in the L1 signaling data, the L1D_plp_HTI_num_p_p_p_p_l_p_p_p_d_p_r_cell_interface_field field, and the LCP_interface_field field. Perform hybrid time deinterleaving on the data.
  • the time deinterleaved corresponding PLP data is output to the MIMO processing unit 3300.
  • the time interleaved corresponding PLP data is output to the MIMO processor 3300. Skip or bypass and output to the LDM processing unit 3400.
  • the corresponding PLP data that is time-interleaved skips or bypasses the MIMO processor 3300 and the LDM processor 3400 and the first reverse BICM unit 3500 Will be printed).
  • whether the MIMO scheme is used or whether the LDM scheme is used may be known by information signaled in the L1 signaling data.
  • the LDM processing unit 3400 uses the at least L1D_plp_layer field and L1D_plp_ldm_injection_level field among the information included in the L1 signaling data to perform the reverse process of the LLP processing unit of the transmission system.
  • the separated core layer PLP data is output to the first reverse BICM unit 3500, and the separated enhanced layer PLP data is sent to the second reverse BICM unit 3550.
  • the first demapper 3501, the bit deinterleaver 3504, and the decoder 3505 are basic blocks when any one of the MIMO method and the LDM method is applied or not applied. admit.
  • the first reverse BICM unit 3500 also operates for each PLP as in the transmission system.
  • the first demapper 3501 performs symbol demapping on the PLP data of the corresponding PLP in a reverse process of the mapper 2300 of the transmission system using at least the L1D_plp_mod field among the information included in the L1 signaling data.
  • the deinterleaver 3504 performs bit deinterleaving on the corresponding PLP data symbol-mapped in a reverse process of the bit interleaver 2200 of the transmission system, and detailed description thereof will be omitted herein.
  • the output of the bit deinterleaver 3504 is an FEC frame of the corresponding PLP, and the FEC frame includes at least one baseband packet.
  • the decoding unit 3505 includes an inner decoder 4301 and an outer decoder 4303 as shown in FIG. 17.
  • the inner decoder 4301 performs LDPC decoding on the FEC frame of the corresponding PLP in a reverse process of the inner encoder 2102 of the transmission system using at least the L1D_plp_fec_type field and the L1D_plp_cod field among the information included in the L1 signaling data.
  • Inner code parity bits are removed from the FEC frame when the LDPC decoding is performed.
  • the outer decoder 4303 has three options. That is, BCH decoding may be performed, CRC decoding may be performed, or outer decoding may not be performed on the FEC frame from which inner code parity bits are removed after LDPC decoding.
  • the outer decoder 4303 performs one of BCH decoding and CRC decoding as an inverse process of the outer encoder 2101 of the transmission system by using at least L1D_plp_fec_type field of information included in the L1 signaling data, or skips the outer decoding process. . If BCH decoding or CRC decoding is performed on the FEC frame in the outer decoder 4303, outer code parity bits are also removed from the FEC frame.
  • the outer code parity bits (optional) and the inner code parity bits are added to the baseband packet of the corresponding PLP by performing outer encoding (optional) and inner encoding on the baseband packet of the corresponding PLP.
  • the input of the decoding unit 3505 is an FEC frame of the corresponding PLP
  • the output of the decoding unit 3505 is a baseband packet of the corresponding PLP.
  • the baseband packet output from the decoding unit 3505 is input to the first output processing unit 3600. That is, the baseband packet reconstructed by performing the reverse process of the transmitter in the first reverse BICM unit 3500 is output to the first output processor 3600.
  • the detailed description of the baseband packet will be referred to the description in the transmission system and will be omitted here.
  • the first output processor 3600 may include a BBP deformatter 3601 and a decapsulator 3602.
  • the BBP deformatter 3601 descrambles the baseband packet of the corresponding PLP, and then decodes at least one ALP packet included in the payload of the baseband packet based on header information of the descrambled baseband packet. It extracts and outputs it to the decapsulator 3602.
  • the decapsulator 3602 recovers a Transport Stream (TS) packet or an Internal Protocol (IP) packet including broadcast service data from at least one input ALP packet. If the broadcast service data is included in the TS packets, the decapsulator 3602 recovers null packets deleted from the transmission system by using the Deleted Null Packets (DNP) field in the header for the TS packets.
  • the broadcast service data may be included in IP packets, and headers of the IP packets may be compressed. When the headers of the IP packets are compressed, the reverse process of the transmitting side is performed to decompress them.
  • the second inverse BICM unit 3550 that processes the PLP data of the enhanced layer includes the blocks of the first inverse BICM unit 3500 except for the second demapper 3502 and the MIMO mux 3503. Since it includes the same blocks, detailed description of the second inverse BICM unit 3550 will be omitted.
  • the second output processor 3650 for processing PLP data of the enhanced layer includes the same blocks as the first output processor 3600, detailed description of the second output processor 3650 will be omitted. do.
  • the first OFDM demodulator 3100 performs OFDM demodulation on the broadcast signal received through the first antenna
  • the second OFDM demodulator 3150 is received through the second antenna.
  • OFDM demodulation of a broadcast signal is performed.
  • the second OFDM demodulator 3150 and the second frame parser 3250 include the same blocks as the first OFDM demodulator 3100 and the first frame parser 3200, respectively, the second OFDM demodulator 3150. Detailed description of the 3150 and the second frame parser 3250 will be omitted.
  • the MIMO scheme is not applied to the preamble symbol and is not used together with the LDM scheme.
  • the MIMO processor 3300 receives the time interleaved data from the first frame parser 3200 and the time interleaved data from the second frame parser 3250 based on at least L1B_first_sub_mimo field and L1D_mimo field among the L1 signaling data.
  • the MIMO decoding is performed in the reverse process of the transmitter and output to the first demapper 3501 and the second demapper 3502 of the first inverse BICM unit 3500.
  • MIMO decoding is performed using a full-rate spatial multiplexing (FR-SM) scheme to provide capacity increase with a relatively small increase in complexity.
  • FR-SM full-rate spatial multiplexing
  • MIMO processing is applied at the PLP level.
  • the same constellations are used for MIMO for MIMO processing, and the same modulation order is transmitted from two transmit antennas.
  • the first demapper 3501 and the second demapper 3502 respectively perform constellation demapping based on the above contents.
  • a signal of a specific cell output by constellation demapping in the first demapper 3501 is called a first output signal, and a signal of the same cell output by constellation demapping in the second demapper 3502. Denotes a second output signal.
  • the MIMO mux 3503 muxes the first output signal and the second output signal into one signal and outputs the result to the bit deinterleaver 3504. Since the operation of the bit deinterleaver 3504 and subsequent operations have been described above, they will be omitted here.
  • the output of the PLP data processor 3010 is input to the container encapsulation unit 3030.
  • the container encapsulation unit 3030 encapsulates the output of the PLP data processing unit 3010 in a data container format.
  • the data container includes a container header and a container payload
  • the output of the PLP data processor 3010 is included in the container payload. That is, the container encapsulation unit 3030 configures a container payload with the output data of the PLP data processing unit 3010 and generates a data container by adding a container header to the container payload. do.
  • the first output processor 3600 has been described as an embodiment of being included in the PLP data processor 3010.
  • the data output from the PLP data processing unit 3010 are TS packets or IP packets, and the TS packets or IP packets are encapsulated by the container encapsulation unit 3030 into one or more data containers.
  • the first output processor 3600 may not be included in the PLP data processor 3010.
  • the unit of data output from the PLP data processing unit 3010 is a baseband packet.
  • the first output processor 3600 may be included in the container encapsulation unit 3030.
  • the first output processor 3600 included in the container encapsulation unit 3030 extracts at least one ALP packet from the baseband packet output from the PLP data processor 3010, as described above. Restore TS packets or IP packets from the extracted at least one ALP packet. The recovered TS packets or IP packets are encapsulated into at least one data container.
  • the BBP deformatter of the first output processor 3600 may be included in the container encapsulation unit 3030, and the decapsulator of the first output processor 3600 may be included in a link layer.
  • the first output processor 3600 included in the container encapsulation unit 3030 extracts at least one ALP packet from the baseband packet output from the PLP data processor 3010 as described above. .
  • the extracted at least one ALP packet is encapsulated into at least one data container.
  • the BBP deformatter of the first output processor 3600 may be included in the PLP data processor 3010, and the decapsulator of the first output processor 3600 may be included in a link layer.
  • the first output processor 3600 included in the PLP data processor 3010 may include at least a baseband packet output from the first inverse BICM unit 3500 of the PLP data processor 3010.
  • One ALP packet is extracted and output to the container encapsulation unit 3030. That is, the unit of data output from the PLP data processor 3010 is an ALP packet.
  • the container encapsulation unit 3030 encapsulates at least one ALP packet output from the PLP data processing unit 3010 into at least one data container.
  • the first output processor 3600 may not be included in the PLP data processor 3010 and the container encapsulation unit 3030. That is, the first output processor 3600 may be included in the system on chip unit 3050 or the link layer.
  • the unit of data output from the PLP data processing unit 3010 is a baseband packet
  • the container encapsulation unit 3030 encapsulates the baseband packet into at least one data container.
  • the second output processor 3600 is positioned in the same manner as the first output processor 3500.
  • the PLP data processing unit 3010 may output one of a baseband packet, an ALP packet, a TS packet, and an IP packet
  • the packet will be referred to as a data packet in the present invention.
  • the data packet may be one of a baseband packet, an ALP packet, a TS packet, and an IP packet.
  • the data packet is input to the container encapsulation unit 3030 and encapsulated into at least one data container.
  • the PLP data processing unit 3010 further includes a correct signal indicating length information of the data packet, whether there is an error in the data packet, and a PLP_ID for identifying a target PLP of the data packet.
  • the length information includes information for identifying the length of the baseband packet.
  • the data packet output from the PLP data processor 3010 is an ALP packet
  • the length information includes information for identifying the length of the ALP packet.
  • the data packet output from the PLP data processor 3010 is a TS packet or an IP packet
  • the length information includes information for identifying the length of the TS packet or the length of the IP packet.
  • the L1 signaling processor 3020 When the time information is extracted from the L1 basic signaling data and the L1 Detail signaling data, the L1 signaling processor 3020 outputs the extracted time information to the container encapsulation unit 3030 and / or the controller 3040. . This is an embodiment, and in addition to the time information, other L1 signaling information may be output to the container encapsulation unit 3030 and / or the control unit 3040.
  • the length of the baseband packet is identified by an outer code type, an inner code rate, and a code length selected for a target PLP.
  • the information for identifying the length of the baseband packet may be an actual length value of the baseband packet, or the outer code type, inner code rate, and code length information of the corresponding PLP extracted from L1 signaling data may be included. May be Alternatively, the L1D_plp_fec_type field value and the L1D_plp_cod field value extracted by the L1 signaling processor 3020 may be used.
  • the present invention provides information or encapsulation for encapsulating L1 signaling data provided by the L1 signaling processing unit 3020 to the container encapsulation unit 3030 and / or the control unit 3040. This is called information.
  • FIG. 18 illustrates a structure of a data container according to the present invention, and includes a container header 5100 and a container payload 5200.
  • the data packet included in the container payload 5200 may be a baseband packet, an ALP packet, or may be a TS packet or an IP packet.
  • the container payload 5200 may include only one data packet or may include a plurality of data packets.
  • the length of the container payload 5200 may vary depending on the length of the data packet included in the corresponding container payload 5200, the type of the data packet, and the number of data packets.
  • the baseband packet includes a BBP header and a BBP payload
  • the BBP header essentially includes a base field of 1 byte or 2 bytes, and may further include an optional field and an extended field. have. Since the detailed description of the BBP header has been described above, it will be omitted here.
  • FIG. 18 illustrates an example in which one baseband packet is included in a container payload 5200 according to the present invention, and a header of the baseband packet includes only a base field of 1 byte or 2 bytes.
  • the container header 5100 includes a start delimiter field of 4 bytes, a type field of 1 byte, a length field of 2 bytes, and a continuous counter field of 1 byte. In one embodiment it includes.
  • the start separator field indicates a start position of a corresponding container.
  • the start delimiter field may be used to find the start position of the container header 5100.
  • 0x5A5A5A5A is allocated as the start delimiter field value. This is one embodiment to help understand the present invention, and the start delimiter field value may be changed by the system designer and thus will not be limited to the value.
  • the type field indicates a feature of the data packet included in the corresponding container payload 5200. For example, if one baseband packet is included in the corresponding container payload, the type field indicates the characteristics of the baseband packet. For this purpose, the type field is further divided into an error mode field of 1 bit, an error field of 1 bit, and a PLP_ID field of 6 bits. Table 8 below shows the relationship between the error mode field and the error field.
  • the error mode field indicates whether the next error field is used. For example, if the value of the error mode field is 0, this indicates that an error field is not used in the corresponding container header 5100. As another example, when the error mode field value is 1, an error field is used in the corresponding container header 5100, and indicates whether there is an error in the corresponding baseband packet through the error field.
  • the transmission system may perform BCH encoding on the baseband packet, may perform CRC encoding, or may not perform outer encoding.
  • BCH encoding provides both an error correction function and an error detection function
  • CRC encoding provides only an error detection function.
  • the reception system since the reception system performs the outer decoding by the reverse process of the transmission system, when the BCH encoding or the CRC encoding is performed in the transmission system, the reception system has an error detection function. However, when the outer system does not perform the outer encoding for transmission efficiency or the like, there is no error detection function in the receiving system.
  • the error mode field value is set to 0, and an error field located after the error mode field is not used.
  • the next error field indicates whether or not there is an error in the baseband packet included in the corresponding container payload 5200.
  • the error field value For example, if the error field value is 0, it indicates that there is no error in the baseband packet included in the corresponding container payload 5200. If the error field value is 1, it is included in the corresponding container payload 5200. Indicates that there is an error in the baseband packet.
  • the error field value when the error field value is 1, it means that an error remains in the corresponding baseband packet even after error correction is performed by BCH decoding (optional) and LDPC decoding.
  • the error field may be referred to as an error indicator for convenience of explanation, and a combination of the error mode field and the error field may be referred to as an error indicator.
  • the error indicator indicates that there is an error. You can also indicate.
  • the PLP_ID field indicates a target PLP of a data packet included in the corresponding container payload 5200, that is, an identifier of a PLP for transmitting the data packet.
  • the container encapsulation unit 3030 receives the PLP_ID field value extracted by the L1 signaling processor 3020 from the L1 signaling processor 3020 to set the PLP_ID field value of the container header 5100. It is set as an Example. In this embodiment, the PLP_ID field value of the container header 5100 is set equal to the PLP_ID field value provided by the L1 signaling processor 3020.
  • the length field indicates the length of a data packet included in the corresponding container payload 5200 in bytes. If one baseband packet is mapped to the container payload 5200, the length field indicates the length of the baseband packet. At this time, the length of the baseband packet is determined by the outer code type, the inner code rate, and the code length selected for the target PLP, and a value between 249 bytes (ie 1992 bits) to 7020 bytes (ie 56160 bits). Have In another embodiment, when a plurality of data packets are mapped to the container payload 5200, the length field may indicate the length of the container payload 5200. In addition, the length of the data container according to the present invention may be fixed or variable. If the length of the data container is variable, information for identifying the length of the data container may be signaled in the length field.
  • the continuous counter field increases from 0 to 255, and increases by one each time a data packet having the same PLP_ID is input to the container encapsulation unit 3030.
  • the continuity of data packets in a specific PLP can be confirmed using the continuous counter field.
  • the continuous counter field may count the number of data packets included in the container payload 5200. In this case, according to an embodiment of the present invention, a plurality of data packets having the same PLP_ID are mapped to the container payload 5200.
  • the order, position, and meaning of the fields assigned to the container header 5100 of the data container of FIG. 18 is merely an example for helping understanding of the present invention, and the order, position, meaning, and meaning of the fields assigned to the container header 5100.
  • the number of additionally allocated fields can be easily changed by those skilled in the art, so the present invention will not be limited to the above embodiment.
  • the data container generated by the container encapsulation unit 3030 is provided to the system on chip unit 3050 including a system decoder.
  • the system on chip unit 3050 extracts a data packet included in the container payload 5200 based on the header information signaled to the container header 5100 of the data container, and extracts a service or product from the extracted data packet. According to an embodiment of the present invention, audio and / or video data is separately recovered.
  • the system on chip unit 3050 extracts a data packet included in the container payload 5200 of the received data container, and separates the system data from the extracted data packet with audio and video data.
  • One embodiment includes an audio / video (A / V) decoder 3055 that decodes the separated audio data and the separated video data, respectively.
  • the present invention further includes a software task 3053 to receive time information provided from the controller 3040 of the baseband processor 3000.
  • the system on chip unit 3050 extracts a data packet from a data container output from the container encapsulation unit 3030, separates audio data and video data from the extracted data packet, and separates the separated audio data and video data.
  • the system controller may further include a system controller for controlling decoding, playback, lip syncing and the like.
  • the system controller may be provided outside the system on chip unit 3050.
  • the system on chip unit 3050 may perform a conditional access system (CAS) control, an external storage device control, a 3D (Dimensional) control, an image quality control, etc. according to cost, technology, and processing capability of a system controller. .
  • CAS conditional access system
  • 3D 3D
  • image quality control etc.
  • the operation of the system on chip unit 3050 may be performed by any one of hardware, firmware, middleware, and software, or a combination of at least two of them.
  • system on chip unit 3050 requires a reference time (also referred to as a wall clock) to perform a PCR (Program Clock Reference) clock recovery, a lip sync to synchronize the output of audio data and video data, and the like.
  • a reference time also referred to as a wall clock
  • PCR Program Clock Reference
  • the system on chip unit 3050 may cause performance deterioration when there is no reference time when processing audio data and / or video data. More specifically, there is a case in which the absence of the reference time prevents the normal restoration of the PCR clock or the lip sync of audio data and video data.
  • time information transmitted from a transmission system may be provided to the system on chip unit 3050 to be used as a reference time.
  • the time information extracted by the L1 signaling processor 3020 of the baseband processor 3000 must be provided.
  • the time information extracted by the L1 signaling processor 3020 and transmitted to the system on chip unit 3050 may include an L1D_time_sec field included in L1 Detail signaling data according to an L1B_time_info_flag field value and L1B_time_info_flag field value included in L1 Basic signaling data, It corresponds to information obtained from at least one field value of an L1D_time_msec field, an L1D_time_usec field, and an L1D_time_nsec field.
  • the L1 Detail signaling data does not include any of an L1D_time_sec field, an L1D_time_msec field, an L1D_time_usec field, and an L1D_time_nsec field, in which case there is no time information in the current frame. Only the L1B_time_info_flag field value indicating a is transmitted as time information.
  • the time information extracted from at least one of the L1D_time_sec field, L1D_time_msec field, L1D_time_usec field, and L1D_time_nsec field may be a time when the first sample of the first symbol of the bootstrap in the corresponding frame including the time information is transmitted by the transmitting system. It is set as an Example.
  • the system on chip unit 3050 sets time information provided by the baseband processor 3000 as a reference time, and makes various time information or corrects an existing time based on the reference time.
  • a PCR restoration, a system time clock, a time at which video data or audio data should be decoded, a time at which video data and audio data should be reproduced, or the like may be generated or corrected based on the reference time.
  • the synchronization of the audio data and the video data is performed based on the reference time. That is, the time included in the time information is used as a reference time for lip syncing of audio data and video data.
  • a system time clock may be generated based on the reference time, and the system time clock may be used to lip sync the audio data and the video data.
  • the time information extracted by the L1 signaling processor 3020 of the baseband processor 3000 is transmitted to the system on chip unit 3050 using only a software method, a hardware method, or both a software and a hardware method. In one embodiment.
  • the present invention transmits time information in a hardware manner or in a software manner. .
  • the time information extracted by the L1 signaling processor 3020 is transmitted to the system on chip unit 3050 through the container. do.
  • the time information extracted by the L1 signaling processor 3020 is controlled by the controller 3040 in a software manner. Is transmitted to the on-chip unit 3050.
  • the controller 3040 monitors the time information provided by the L1 signaling processor 3020 at the same or similar speed as the system clock set in the baseband processor 3000 to track the change of the time information.
  • the time information is provided to the system decoder 3051 of the system on chip unit 3050 with a minimum error.
  • the system on chip unit 3050 may use the time information provided by the controller 3040 as a reference time for system decoding, thereby preventing performance degradation that may occur due to a lack of reference time.
  • time information is transmitted in a software method for the container type as shown in FIG.
  • the method for transmitting time information in software according to the present invention will be described in detail later.
  • FIG. 19 is an embodiment of a container structure supporting transmission of time information according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 19 illustrates an embodiment of a data container structure in which time information is included in a portion of the data container as shown in FIG. 18 and provided to the system on chip unit 3050.
  • the data container of FIG. 19 shows an example of adding a field 5300 for transmitting time information between the container header 5100 and the container payload 5200.
  • FIG. 19 except for the field 5300 for transmitting the time information, the detailed description of FIG. 18 will be referred to and will be omitted herein.
  • container time field is a term arbitrarily selected by the applicant and may be changed by the system designer, and thus the present invention should be understood based on the intended meaning of the term, not the simple name or meaning of the term.
  • 9 bytes are allocated to the container time field 5300.
  • the present invention may include the container time field 5300 in any one of a container header and a container payload of the corresponding data container.
  • the container time field 5300 is included in the container header 5100. In this case, the container header extends from 8 bytes to 17 bytes.
  • the container time field 5300 includes a time mode field 5310 of 1 byte and a time information field 5320 of 8 bytes.
  • the time mode field 5310 is configured to determine whether time information exists in the time information field 5320 and time information existing in the time information field 5320 when time information exists in the time information field 5320. In one embodiment, indicating precision. That is, the information signaled in the time mode field 5310 is based on the L1B_time_info_flag field value extracted from the L1 Basic signaling data.
  • the time mode field 5310 is further divided into a time flag field of the highest 1 bit and a time type field of the lower 7 bits.
  • the time flag field indicates whether time information transmitted to a corresponding data container is valid. For example, when the time flag field value is 1, time information transmitted to the corresponding data container is valid, and when 0, the time flag field value is invalid.
  • the time type field indicates a precision of time information included in the time information field 5320.
  • the time type field indicates an accuracy of time information included in the time information field 5320 when the time flag field value is 1.
  • the precision of the time information included in the time information field 5320 is the same as that of the time information extracted from the preamble of the corresponding frame.
  • the time type field indicates even when there is no time information in the time information field 5320. That is, the time type field is similar to the meaning of the L1B_time_info_flag field included in the L1 Basic signaling data.
  • the time information field 5320 fills all of the dummy bits equal to 0 according to an embodiment.
  • time type field value is 0x81
  • the upper 48 bits of the 64 bits (ie, 8 bytes) of the time information field 5320 include time information in milliseconds, and the remaining bits include dummy data.
  • the time type field value is 0x82
  • the upper 52 bits of the 64 bits (ie, 8 bytes) of the time information field 5320 include time information in microsec unit, and the remaining bits include dummy data.
  • the time type field value when the time type field value is 0x83, it indicates that the precision of the time information included in the time information field 5320 is nanosec ns.
  • the upper 64 bits of the 64 bits (ie, 8 bytes) of the time information field 5320 include time information in units of nanosec, and the remaining bits include dummy data.
  • the container encapsulation unit 3030 transmits the time information extracted from the L1 signaling processor 3020 to the system on chip unit 3050 using a data container that supports time information transmission, that is, hardware. An example was described.
  • controller 3040 transmits time information extracted by the L1 signaling processor 3020 to the system on chip unit 3050 using software.
  • the controller 3040 of the baseband processor 3000 may determine the time information output from the L1 signaling processor 3020.
  • the output signal is output to the software processing unit 3053 of the system on chip unit 3050.
  • the software processor 3053 provides the time information and time tick difference information provided from the controller 3040 to the system decoder 3051.
  • control unit 3040 of the present invention monitors the change in the time information provided by the L1 signaling processing unit 3020, and transmits the time information to the software processing unit 3053 of the system on chip unit 3050 only when there is a change. In one embodiment, outputting is performed. At this time, by monitoring the change of the time information at the same or similar speed as the system clock, the time information is transmitted to the software processor 3053 with a minimum error. To this end, the controller 3040 includes a tick count. The tick count is also called a timer.
  • a time tick is a time indicating a short time in milliseconds (ms), and usually a tick count increases by 1 in synchronization with the internal clock of the controller 3040 after the system boots.
  • 20 is a flowchart illustrating an embodiment of a time information processing method of the control unit 3040 of the baseband processing unit 3000 according to the present invention.
  • the clock inside the controller 3040 uses the same clock as the clock of the baseband processor 3000, and increases the tick count according to the repetition of the loop of the flowchart of FIG.
  • the controller 3040 checks the current tick count at the beginning of every loop process (S6001).
  • the count value of the checked tick count is stored as a current time tick (or current time tick information).
  • the container encapsulation unit 3030 checks whether the container currently running or selected for data packet transmission supports time information transmission (S6002).
  • the container encapsulation unit 3030 supports various types of container versions, it is possible to set which type of container to use on a register.
  • the container set in the register of the container encapsulation unit 3030 may determine whether time information transmission is supported.
  • the container encapsulation unit 3030 supports the various functions including the container type exists in the program code (that is, the container version is fixed).
  • the contents may be initially read to determine whether the corresponding container (that is, the fixed version of the container) supports time information transmission.
  • step S6002 may be omitted.
  • checking is made through container version information set in a register of the container encapsulation unit 3030.
  • step S6002 If it is determined in step S6002 that the container is a container supporting time information transmission, the control unit 3040 resets the valid flag to 0 and transmits it to the software processing unit 3053, and returns to step S6001 (S6003).
  • step S6002 the controller 3040 determines to transmit time information in software.
  • the software processing unit 3053 transmits time information of a container set to the container encapsulation unit 3030. I do not know whether it supports. Therefore, in order to know this, if it is determined that the container does not support time information transmission, the controller 3040 sets the valid flag value to 1 to set the software processing unit 3053 of the system on chip unit 3050. ) Is transmitted (S6004).
  • the software processor 3053 of the system on chip unit 3050 prepares to read the time information provided by the controller 3040 only when the valid flag value is 1.
  • the controller 3040 After performing step S6004, the controller 3040 checks whether time information provided by the L1 signaling processor 3020 overlaps (S6005). That is, the time information of the L1 signaling information does not change within a frame in the transmission system, but the controller 3040 reads the time information extracted by the L1 signaling processor 3020 several times in a shorter time than one frame period. Therefore, the same time information can be repeated.
  • control unit 3040 provides the changed time information to the software processing unit 3053 of the system on chip unit 3050 only when there is a change in the time information.
  • controller 3040 stores the current time tick and returns to step S6001 when the previously stored time information and the currently confirmed time information are the same (S6006).
  • step S6005 If it is confirmed in step S6005 that a change has occurred in the time information, the current time tick identified at the changed time point is set as the updated time tick (S6007). That is, the current time tick at the time when it is confirmed that the change has occurred in the time information becomes the updated time tick.
  • the updated time tick, the current time tick, and the changed time information are stored in a memory (S6008).
  • the updated time tick and the current time tick have the same value.
  • the controller 3040 reads the data stored in the memory, that is, the updated time tick, the current time tick, and the changed time information when the condition set in the software processing unit 3053 of the system on chip unit 3050 is satisfied. .
  • the software processor 3053 may not know when to read the data stored in the controller 3040.
  • the current time tick is always updated every time, so that when the data stored in the software processing unit 3053 is read, the time tick of the control unit 3040 at the time of reading is known.
  • step S6008 When data storage is completed in step S6008, the flow returns to step S6001.
  • 21 is a flowchart illustrating an embodiment of a time information processing method of the software processing unit 3053 according to the present invention.
  • the valid flag value is checked (S7001).
  • the software processor 3053 also identifies whether the container set in the container encapsulation unit 3030 supports time information transmission, and reads the time information provided by the controller 3040 if it does not support time information transmission. To get ready to go.
  • step S7001 If the valid flag value is 0 in step S7001, since the container set in the container encapsulation unit 3030 supports time information transmission, the flowchart of FIG. 21 repeats the process of confirming the valid flag value. do.
  • step S7001 If the valid flag value is 1 in step S7001, since the container set in the container encapsulation unit 3030 does not support time information transmission, the data stored in the memory in the controller 3040, that is, the update is updated. Time information, an updated time tick, and a current time tick are read (S7002).
  • step S7003 it is checked whether the previously updated time tick and the updated time tick read from the S7002 are the same (S7003). If the two updated time ticks in step S7003 are different, a change has occurred in the time information. If the same, a change has not occurred in the time information.
  • the software processor 3053 stores updated time information of previously processed time information. The updated time tick at this time becomes the previous updated time tick in step S7003.
  • step S7003 if the previously updated time tick in step S7003 and the updated time tick read in step S7002 are the same, no change is made to the time information, and the flow returns to step S7001.
  • step S7003 If it is confirmed in step S7003 that the previously updated time tick is different from the updated time tick read from S7002, a change occurs in the time information, and immediately proceeds to step S7006 or after performing steps S7004 and S7005. Proceed to step S7006.
  • Steps S7004 and S7005 are steps for reliability of time information.
  • the reliability of the time information transmitted from the controller 3040 is checked and transmitted to the system decoder 3051 only when a predetermined condition is satisfied.
  • the time information is transmitted to the system decoder 3051 only when the predetermined reliability is satisfied through steps S7004 and S7005.
  • step S7003 when it is confirmed in step S7003 that a change has occurred in the time information, the software processor 3053 reads time information, updated time ticks, and current time ticks, which are data stored in a memory in the controller 3040 (S7004). ).
  • step S7002 it is checked whether the updated time tick read in step S7002 and the updated time tick read in step S7004 are the same (S7005). If it is confirmed in step S7005 that the two updated time ticks are different, the process returns to step S7001.
  • Steps S7004 and S7005 are performed to transmit accurate time information even in this case. Therefore, if the two updated time ticks are different in step S7005, the process returns to step S7001, and if the two updated time ticks are the same, it is determined that the synchronization of the data is the same and the time information read in step S7004 and time tick difference information (time tick difference information) ) To the system decoder 3051.
  • the time tick difference information means a difference time tick between the updated time tick and the current time tick.
  • the difference between the updated time tick and the current time tick may include a time point at which the time information is changed to store the updated time tick and data stored in the software processor 3053, that is, time information and the updated time tick. This occurs because the timing at the time of reading is different.
  • the updated time tick is stored at 50 ms based on the tick count.
  • the time tick difference information is 40 ms.
  • the system decoder 3051 may predict a change point of time information at the current time point by using time tick difference information that calculates a difference between a current time tick and an updated time tick. That is, the system decoder 3051 may recognize that the time information provided from the software processor 3053 is time information changed in the past few ms (40 ms in the above example).
  • the system decoder 3051 uses the time information and the time tick difference information for PCR recovery.
  • the system decoder 3051 extracts a data packet from a container provided by the container encapsulation unit 3030 based on the recovered PCR, and then separates audio data and / or video data from the extracted data packet. Audio data and / or video data separated by the system decoder 3051 are decoded by the A / V decoder 3052, respectively. The PCR recovered by the system decoder 3051 is used to lip sync the audio data and the video data.
  • a module, unit, or block according to one embodiment of the invention may be a processor / hardware that executes successive executions stored in a memory (or storage unit). Each step or method of the above-described embodiment may be performed by hardware / processors.
  • the methods proposed by the present invention can be executed as code. The code may be written to a processor readable storage medium and read by a processor provided by an apparatus according to embodiments of the present invention.

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Abstract

L'invention concerne un dispositif de réception de signal de diffusion comportant: une unité de démodulation servant à recevoir un signal de diffusion comprenant une trame de signal divisée en une zone d'amorçage, une zone de préambule, et une zone de données, et à démoduler le signal de diffusion reçu dans un schéma MROF; une unité d'analyse de trames servant à analyser la trame de signal issue du signal de diffusion démodulé; une unité de traitement de signalisation L1 servant à traiter des données de préambule reçues dans la zone de préambule de la trame de signal analysée pour extraire des données de signalisation L1 comprenant des informations temporelles; une unité de traitement de données de PLP servant à traiter des données de PLP d'au moins un PLP reçu dans la zone de données de la trame de signal analysée pour extraire au moins un paquet de données; une unité d'encapsulation en conteneurs servant à encapsuler le ou les paquets de données extraits dans au moins un conteneur, et à délivrer le paquet de données encapsulé; une unité de commande servant à stocker, dans une mémoire, les informations temporelles extraites et des informations de top d'horloge pour identifier un instant où les informations temporelles sont extraites, si le ou les conteneurs sont identifiés en tant que conteneur(s) ne prenant pas en charge la transmission d'informations temporelles; et une unité de système sur puce servant à lire des informations temporelles et des informations de top d'horloge stockées dans la mémoire, et à commander le décodage du système.
PCT/KR2016/014899 2016-12-19 2016-12-19 Dispositif d'émission de signal de diffusion, dispositif de réception de signal de diffusion, procédé d'émission de signal de diffusion, et procédé de réception de signal de diffusion Ceased WO2018117281A1 (fr)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114142970A (zh) * 2021-11-25 2022-03-04 无锡彼星半导体有限公司 一种用于二维阵列数据高速传输的容错传输方法
CN114142970B (zh) * 2021-11-25 2024-04-19 无锡彼星半导体有限公司 一种用于二维阵列数据高速传输的容错传输方法

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