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WO2018107370A1 - 一种点到多点的信道分配方法、装置及系统 - Google Patents

一种点到多点的信道分配方法、装置及系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018107370A1
WO2018107370A1 PCT/CN2016/109720 CN2016109720W WO2018107370A1 WO 2018107370 A1 WO2018107370 A1 WO 2018107370A1 CN 2016109720 W CN2016109720 W CN 2016109720W WO 2018107370 A1 WO2018107370 A1 WO 2018107370A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
station
data transmission
channel
site
access point
Prior art date
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PCT/CN2016/109720
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
何孝月
孙方林
吕捷
陈维熙
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Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
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Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
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Priority to CN201680088563.8A priority Critical patent/CN109644502B/zh
Priority to PCT/CN2016/109720 priority patent/WO2018107370A1/zh
Publication of WO2018107370A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018107370A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W74/00—Wireless channel access
    • H04W74/08—Non-scheduled access, e.g. ALOHA

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of wireless communications, and in particular, to a point-to-multipoint channel allocation method, apparatus, and system.
  • WLAN Wireless Local Area Networks
  • IEEE 802.11 IEEE 802.11
  • the physical layer rate of the WLAN has gradually increased from the initial 2 Mbps to 11 Mbps to 54 Mbps.
  • the MAC layer work based on the 802.11 standard mainly focuses on how to improve the throughput and delay performance of the network.
  • the standard of the 802.11-based wireless network channel access control method mainly includes PCF (Point coordination Function) and DCF (Distributed Coordination Function). Due to the relatively simple implementation of DCF, DCF is supported by most current vendors.
  • the DCF allows the terminal to perform channel contention after the listening channel is idle, so as to achieve the same access.
  • Different sites of the point compete for the same channel to transmit data to the access point through carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance.
  • the channel is initially used by Station A.
  • Site A completes the transmission
  • Sites B, C, and D hear the time channel that is over DIFS idle. Therefore, the channel is determined to be idle. , respectively, to generate a backoff delay duration (as shown in Figure 1, 12 time slots, 6 time slots and 8 time slots respectively), and then start counting down.
  • the station C Since the backoff time generated by the station C is the smallest (6 time slots), the station C first counts down to zero, and preferentially acquires the channel usage right for data transmission. After Site C starts data transmission, Site B and Site D are heard because of the channel being Occupied, so the countdown is suspended, and the remaining duration is 6 slots and 2 slots, respectively. After the data transmission of the site C is completed, the station B and the site D detect that the time channel exceeding the DIFS (Distributed Inter-frame Spacing) is idle, and the countdown continues. After 2 time slots, station D starts data transmission, and station B hears that the channel is occupied, and pauses the countdown again.
  • DIFS Distributed Inter-frame Spacing
  • the backoff delay duration of each station is randomly selected from the contention window (0 to CW), and there is a possibility that the random backoff time of multiple sites is the same, resulting in data transmission conflict. If the competition window is small, the probability of collision is large; if the competition window is large, although the probability of collision is reduced, the delay of data transmission is large, and the transmission efficiency is reduced.
  • the embodiment of the invention provides a point-to-multipoint channel allocation method, device and system, which can reduce the situation in which multiple stations occupy the same channel to transmit data without affecting the transmission efficiency.
  • a point-to-multipoint channel allocation method is provided in the embodiment of the present invention.
  • the method may be applied to a scenario where multiple sites access an access point, including:
  • the first station After the first station monitors that the channel is in an idle state, it contends with other stations, wherein the other stations are one or more stations other than the first station that access the access point; when successfully competing for the channel, the first station A station determines the current time slot. If it is determined that the current time slot is a time slot corresponding to the time slot number that allows the first station to start data transmission, the first station occupies the channel to the access point for data transmission in the current time slot. Otherwise, when the time slot corresponding to the slot number that allows the first station to start data transmission arrives, the occupied channel performs data transmission to the access point.
  • the above channel is a channel used by a plurality of sites accessing the access point to compete for use.
  • the first station starts data transmission only on the time slot corresponding to the slot number that is allowed to start data transmission, so as to reduce the occurrence of data transmission failure caused by multiple stations occupying channel transmission data at the same time.
  • the foregoing allows the first The slot number at which the station starts data transmission is sent by the access point to the first station.
  • the access point will send the slot number of the first station to start data transmission to the first station, so that the access point can access the data of the access station according to the number of stations accessing the access point, the service performed by the station. Transmission is regulated.
  • the first site is assigned a site group after accessing the access point, and the same The stations in the site group are configured with the same slot number that allows data transmission to begin.
  • the first station receives the broadcast message sent by the access point, and the broadcast message includes the correspondence between the identifier of the site group and the slot number that allows the station in the site group to start data transmission.
  • the first station may determine the slot number that allows the first station to start data transmission according to the identifier of the site group in which it is located and the corresponding relationship.
  • the site group may be prioritized according to the priority of the data transmission by the site, and the priority is high.
  • the number of slot numbers in which the stations in the site group are allowed to start data transmission is greater than or equal to the number of slot numbers in the station group in which the priority group is allowed to start data transmission.
  • data transmission priorities of different sites may be different, and sites with higher priority may be grouped into one group; or service types of data transmission may have different priorities, and services may be transmitted according to site data.
  • the priority of the type which dynamically updates the site grouping. In order to ensure that the sites in the higher priority site group can transmit data in time and reduce the data transmission conflicts at these sites, you can assign a larger number of sites to the higher priority site groups.
  • the slot number is assigned to the lower priority station group by a smaller number of slot numbers to reduce the delay and data transmission conflicts of the higher priority stations during data transmission.
  • the group of sites may be partitioned according to the AID of the site.
  • the site grouping can be performed according to the AID of the site, and the operation is simple and easy to implement.
  • the first station when the first station needs to perform data transmission and the station monitors that the channel is in an idle state, the first station may receive multiple preset delays. A backoff delay duration is selected from the duration, and a countdown is started. When the countdown is cleared, the first station determines whether the current time slot is a time slot that allows the first station to start data transmission. If it is a time slot that allows the first station to start data transmission, the first station occupies the channel to start data transmission; otherwise, when the first station waits for the time slot corresponding to the time slot number that is allowed to start data transmission to arrive, the occupied channel is performed. data transmission. If the channel is occupied during the waiting period, the first station waits for the channel to be idle again and allows the time slot corresponding to the slot number at which the first station starts data transmission to arrive, and the occupied channel starts data transmission.
  • each site By selecting a backoff delay duration for each site, it is possible to further reduce the possibility of collisions between multiple sites for data transmission. For example, multiple stations that can start data transmission using time slots corresponding to the same time slot number need to perform data transmission at the same time, and simultaneously monitor that the channel is in an idle state, a collision occurs; and each station selects a backoff delay duration. When the backoff delay is different, collisions are avoided.
  • the first station may randomly select a backoff delay duration from a preset plurality of delay durations; or may select a priority according to the priority of the first station for data transmission, for example, a site with a higher priority is selected.
  • a short backoff delay duration is preferred, while a lower priority site selects a longer backoff delay duration.
  • the first station when the first station monitors whether the channel is idle or not, the first station considers that the channel is in the idle state, and the channel is considered to be the channel. Available.
  • the first station reaches the preset when it detects that the channel is idle. After the duration, data transmission is performed, so that there is a certain interval between the two data transmissions, so that the access points can be distinguished.
  • a second aspect of the present invention provides a point-to-multipoint channel allocation method, which is applied to a scenario where multiple sites access an access point, including:
  • the access point determines, for the accessed first station, a slot number that allows it to start data transmission, and then sends the determined slot number to the first station, so that the first station needs to perform data transmission and listens to After the channel is in an idle state, it contends with other stations for the channel. After successfully competing for the channel, when the time slot corresponding to the slot number that is allowed to start data transmission arrives, the occupied channel starts to transmit data to the access point.
  • the other station is one or more stations other than the first station that access the access point, and the channel is a channel that is used by multiple sites accessing the access point to compete for use.
  • the access point transmits to the first station a slot number that allows the first station to start data transmission, so that the first station starts data transmission on a time slot corresponding to the slot number that allows data transmission to start. Reducing the failure of multiple sites to simultaneously occupy channel transmission data causes data transmission to fail.
  • the access point may first group the first station when determining the slot number that allows the first station to start data transmission, and then The site group configuration allows the station in the site group to start the slot number for data transmission.
  • the access point sends the correspondence between the identifier of the site group and the slot number of the site in the site group to start the data transmission by the broadcast message to the first site, so that the first site determines that it is allowed to start data transmission. Gap number.
  • the data transmission priority may be performed according to the site. Divide, and configure a larger number of slots in the site group with higher priority to allow data transmission to start, and configure a smaller number of sites in the site group with lower priority to allow data transmission to start. Gap number.
  • the group of sites may be divided according to the AID of the site.
  • the site does not have a prioritization, or the service type of the transmitted data does not have a prioritization.
  • the site can be grouped according to the AID of the site, which is simple and easy to implement.
  • a site provided by an embodiment of the present invention is applied to a scenario where multiple sites access to an access point, where the site serves as a first site, and the first site includes:
  • the monitoring module is configured to monitor whether the channel is in an idle state.
  • the competition module is configured to compete with the other station for the channel after the listening module monitors that the channel is in an idle state; the other station is one or more stations other than the first station that access the access point.
  • a determining module configured to determine, when the channel is successfully contending to the channel, whether the current time slot is a time slot corresponding to a time slot number that allows the first station to start data transmission.
  • a transmission module configured to: if the determining module determines that the current time slot is a time slot corresponding to a time slot number that allows the first station to start data transmission, occupying the channel to the access point in the current time slot Data transmission is performed; otherwise, when the time slot corresponding to the slot number that allows the first station to start data transmission arrives, the channel is occupied to perform data transmission to the access point.
  • the channel is a channel used by a plurality of sites accessing the access point to compete for use.
  • the time slot number that allows the first station to start data transmission is sent by the access point to the first site.
  • the first station further includes: a receiving module, configured to: receive a broadcast message sent by the access point, where the broadcast message includes a site The correspondence between the identity of the group and the slot number that allows the site in the site group to start data transmission.
  • the first station may use the corresponding slot number in the corresponding relationship of the identifier of the site group in which it is located as the slot number that allows the first station to start data transmission.
  • the site group is prioritized according to a priority of data transmission by the station, and the priority is high.
  • the number of slot numbers in which the stations in the site group are allowed to start data transmission is greater than or equal to the number of slot numbers in the station group in which the priority group is allowed to start data transmission.
  • the site group is divided according to a value of the association identifier AID of the site.
  • the contention module is specifically configured to: determine a backoff delay duration, where the backoff delay duration is within a preset multiple delay duration The selected backoff delay duration; when the duration of the channel idle state reaches the backoff delay duration, the first station successfully contends to the channel.
  • the monitoring module when the listening channel is in an idle state, is configured to: when the duration of the channel is idle is reached, the preset duration is It is determined that the channel is in an idle state.
  • an access point provided by the embodiment of the present invention is applied to a scenario where multiple sites access to an access point, including:
  • a determining module configured to determine a slot number of the first station that allows access to the access point to start data transmission.
  • a sending module configured to send the determined time slot number to the first station, so that the first station contends with other stations after listening to the channel being in an idle state, and after successfully competing for the channel,
  • the time slot corresponding to the slot number that is allowed to start data transmission arrives, the channel is occupied to start data transmission to the access point; the other station is the first to access the access point except the first One or more other sites outside the site.
  • the channel is a channel used by a plurality of sites accessing the access point to compete for use.
  • the determining module is configured to: group a site that accesses the access point; and assign a site group to each site group The slot number in which the station in the station starts data transmission.
  • the foregoing sending module is specifically configured to: send a broadcast message, where the broadcast message includes a correspondence between an identifier of the site group and a slot number that allows the station in the site group to start data transmission.
  • the site group is prioritized according to the data transmission of the station
  • the number of slot numbers in which the stations in the high priority station group are allowed to start data transmission is greater than or equal to the number of slot numbers in the station group in which the priority group is allowed to start data transmission.
  • the embodiment of the present invention provides a point-to-multipoint system, including an access point according to the fourth aspect, and N stations according to the third aspect, where N is greater than 1. Integer.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of data transmission in a prior art site complying with a CSMA/CA mechanism
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a WLAN network architecture adapted to a point-to-multipoint channel allocation method according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a time slot according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic flowchart of a point-to-multipoint channel allocation method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a specific embodiment according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of another specific embodiment according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a station according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of another station according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of an access point according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of another access point according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Each site transmits to the access point following the CSMA/CA mechanism in the 802.11 WLAN protocol.
  • the channel is occupied by the site A for data transmission, and the site B, the site C, the site D, and the site E all have data to be transmitted.
  • the site A data transmission is completed, the other sites monitor the channel idle time to reach the DIFS duration, then the site B.
  • Site C, Site D, and Site E each randomly select a backoff delay duration from the contention window, which is 12 slots, 2 slots, 8 slots, and 8 slots, respectively, and starts counting down.
  • the initial contention window is [0, 15] (unit: time slot).
  • station C Since the backoff delay time of station C is the shortest, station C first counts down to zero, so station C occupies the channel and starts data transmission. After Site C starts data transmission, Site B, Site D, and Site E listen to the channel being occupied and pause the countdown. At this time, Site B, Site D, and Site E have 10 time slots and 6 slots for the backoff delay. Time slot, 6 time slots. After the data transmission of the station C is finished, the time when the station B, the station D, and the station E are listening to the idle channel reaches the DIFS duration, and the countdown continues. Since the remaining backoff delays of the station D and the station E are the same, and the countdown is cleared, the countdown is cleared.
  • Site D and Site E simultaneously transmit data, conflicts, and the access point cannot receive data normally.
  • Site D and Site E do not receive the Receive Success Response message sent by the access point within a preset time, or receive a data transmission confirmation message (Acknowledgment) sent by the access point, but the message indicates that the data transmission fails, then Site D And station E doubles the contention window to [0, 31], and reselects a backoff delay from the new contention window, as shown in the figure, 20 time slots and 28 time slots, respectively.
  • the station D and the station E monitor the time when the channel idle time reaches the DIFS duration, and continue to count down. The remaining time slots of the station D are less, and the countdown is cleared first, so the station D occupies the channel for data transmission. After the transmission of the station D ends, the station E occupies the channel for data transmission.
  • the site D and the site E can also restore the contention window to a previously smaller contention window; if the site D or the site E continuously collides, the contention window can be expanded again to expand the window. It is 2 m times the original, where m is the number of consecutive collisions.
  • the maximum size of a contention window is set, and when the contention window is expanded to the maximum, the window is no longer enlarged.
  • the choice of the contention window will affect the performance of the system transmission. If the contention window is too small, the backoff delays of multiple sites may be randomly selected, which may result in data transmission conflicts. If the contention window is too large, unnecessary delays may occur, which may affect transmission efficiency, especially in the network. Under high load conditions, the QoS (Quality of Service) requirements of sites with high requirements on transmission rate or delay cannot be met.
  • QoS Quality of Service
  • the embodiment of the present invention provides a point-to-multipoint channel allocation method, which is used to reduce the situation in which multiple stations occupy the same channel to transmit data without affecting the transmission efficiency.
  • the method is applicable to a WLAN network architecture as shown in FIG. 3, the WLAN network architecture including an access point (AP) and a station (STA).
  • the access point may be a device with WLAN access function, such as an optical network terminal (ONT), a coaxial cable modem (Cable Modem), a digital subscriber line modem (DSL Modem) or a router (Router), etc.; Mobile phones, tablets, wireless Internet laptops or other devices that can access the wireless network via WLAN.
  • ONT optical network terminal
  • Cable Modem coaxial cable modem
  • DSL Modem digital subscriber line modem
  • Router router
  • the access point periodically sends a Beacon frame to the station within the range of the access point to notify each station of the existence of the access point, so that the station establishes a connection with the access point according to the information in the Beacon frame.
  • the access point can divide the time between two Beacon frames into multiple time slots of equal duration and number each time slot, as shown in FIG. The duration of each time slot and how many time slots are shared can be controlled by the access point.
  • the access point may notify the division principle of each station time slot through a Beacon frame or other broadcast message.
  • the access point may notify the station by using a reserved bit in the Operating Mode Field subfield in the Operating Mode Notification field in the Beacon frame, whether to provide a point-to-multipoint channel in the embodiment of the present invention when performing data transmission. Distribution method.
  • the Operating Mode Field subfield consists of a total of 8 bytes, as shown in Table 1.
  • the access point can notify the station whether to apply the point-to-multipoint channel allocation method provided by the embodiment of the present invention by using the reserved bits B2 and B3. For example, if the value of B2 and B3 is 01, it indicates that the channel allocation method provided by the embodiment of the present invention is applied.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic flowchart of a point-to-multipoint channel allocation method according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in the figure, the method specifically includes the following steps:
  • Step 501 The access point determines a slot number of the first station that allows access to the access point to start occupying a channel for data transmission.
  • the channel is a channel used by a plurality of sites accessing the access point to compete for use, for example, by using carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance. Therefore, in order to reduce the occurrence of transmission failure caused by multiple stations occupying channel transmission data at the same time, the access point configures each access station with a slot number that allows it to start occupying the channel for data transmission, so that the station is allowed in it. Data transmission begins on the time slot corresponding to the slot number that begins to occupy the channel for data transmission.
  • first site is used here to distinguish it from other sites accessing the access point, and does not specifically refer to a certain site.
  • the access point may configure a time slot number for allowing the data transmission to start when the first site accesses the access point.
  • the access point may group the sites accessing the access point and configure the group of stations with a slot number that allows data transmission to begin, that is, a site can only use the site group where the site is located.
  • the data transmission starts on the time slot corresponding to the corresponding slot number, and cannot occupy the time slot corresponding to the slot number corresponding to the other group.
  • the data transmission frequency of the station is analyzed in advance, and the result shows that the same time slot number of the same set of sites is allowed to start data transmission, and the probability of data transmission conflict is not significantly increased.
  • the number of time slots is limited, in a public place such as an office environment or an airport, if there are a large number of visited sites, the accessed sites can be grouped and the same permission can be configured for a group of sites.
  • the time slot number of the data transmission is performed to improve the utilization of the time slot, thereby improving the data transmission efficiency of the system.
  • An access point can access a large number of sites. Therefore, the access point can assign an AID to each site to distinguish the sites.
  • each AID and its corresponding site The MAC address corresponds to facilitate the access point to manage a large number of sites.
  • the AID value ranges from 0 to 2007.
  • the access point can group the sites according to the parity of the AID, that is, the sites with the odd AIDs are grouped into one group, and the sites with the even AIDs are grouped into one group.
  • the access point can also group the sites whose AIDs are within a certain range. For example, the sites with AIDs belonging to [1, 10] are grouped into one group, and the AIDs are grouped into other sites. It should be understood that the above numerical values are merely examples, and the specific ranges may also be other numerical ranges or non-continuous values.
  • the access point groups the sites according to other methods according to the AID, and the examples are not exemplified herein.
  • the sites are grouped according to the AID, and the operation is simple and easy to implement.
  • the access point can group the sites that need a higher transmission rate into a group, that is, a high-priority site group. Sites that have no additional requirements for transmission rate are grouped into groups of low priority sites.
  • different sites have different priorities for data transmission.
  • IoT devices need to automatically report measurement data, which can be set to high priority; while phones or tablets that are typically used for entertainment can be set to low priority.
  • the access point can group the stations with high priority of data transmission into one group, and divide the stations with low priority of data transmission into one group.
  • sites that need to perform data transmission of high priority service types can be grouped.
  • the video service can be set to a high priority
  • other services are set to a low priority.
  • a site that needs to perform video data transmission can be divided into a high priority site group, and a site that performs other types of data transmission is divided into Low priority site group. Since the same site may need to perform data transmission of a low priority service type after performing high priority service type data transmission, the group information of the site needs to be dynamically updated.
  • the packet information can also be updated in other packet modes, for example, when there is a new site access, the packet can be re-grouped or the newly accessed site can be classified into an existing site group.
  • the access point may also group the stations in other manners, which is not limited in this embodiment of the present invention.
  • the access point configures the slot number for different site groups to allow data transmission to start, it can be configured in the following manner:
  • the access point can allocate the time slots with the odd slot number to the sites with the odd AID.
  • a time slot with an even slot number is assigned to a site group with an even AID.
  • the stations are grouped, the stations whose AIDs are within a certain range are grouped, and the access point can allocate time slots in the specific range for the group of stations. For example, if the sites with AIDs belonging to [1, 10] are grouped, the time slots with slot number [1, 10] can be assigned to the group of stations, and other slot numbers can be assigned to other stations. It should be understood that the above numerical values are merely examples, and the specific ranges may also be other numerical ranges or non-continuous values.
  • the access point can also configure the station group to enable the data transmission to start the data transmission according to the AID according to other methods.
  • the access point can configure more time slot numbers for the site group with higher demand for the transmission rate, and configure fewer time slot numbers for the site group with lower transmission rate requirements to ensure higher transmission rate.
  • the site has a shorter time delay for data transmission and can perform data transmission faster.
  • the access point may configure the time slot number for the different site groups to start the data transmission in other manners, which is not limited by the embodiment of the present invention.
  • Step 502 The access point sends the determined time slot number to the first station.
  • the access point may directly send the time slot number that allows the first station to start data transmission to the site; or, if the access point groups the accessed sites, and for each group of sites
  • the slot number configured to allow data transmission to be started is configured, and the access point may send the identifier of the site group where the first site is located to the first site when the first site accesses, and identify the site group identifier and the station by using a broadcast message.
  • the stations in the group allow the corresponding number of slot numbers to start data transmission. It is sent to the site accessing the access point to reduce the signaling resources used.
  • the access point may identify the site group where the site is located by using a reserved field in the existing message.
  • association Request an association request
  • Association Response an association response message
  • the Association Response includes an AID field for notifying the site of its corresponding AID.
  • an access point allocates an AID to a site, it is assigned to the site one by one according to the order of site access.
  • the AID field includes 16 bits, wherein bits B0 to B13 are used to indicate the AID of the station, and the highest two bits B14 and B15 are reserved bits, which are set to 1 in the prior art. Therefore, the access point can use the highest two bits B14 and B15 in the AID field to send the identity of the site group in which the site is located to the site.
  • the access point may also send the identifier of the site group where the site is located to the site through other reserved bits in the existing message; or the access point may add some fields to the existing message to locate the site where the site is located.
  • the identity of the group is sent to the site; or, the access point can also add a new message to send the identity of the site group where the site is located to the site.
  • the access point may add some fields to the existing message to send a correspondence between the site group identifier and the slot number of the station in the site group to start data transmission.
  • an AID Group Assignment Information field may be added to the Beacon frame, and the field may contain sub-fields as shown in Table 2 to notify the site of the identity of the site group where the site is located.
  • the access point may add a Slot Group Assignment field in the Beacon frame, that is, a correspondence between the site group group information and the station group identifier and the slot number that allows data transmission to start, and the subfield included in the field. As shown in Table 3, the correspondence between the site group identity and the slot number that is allowed to start data transmission can be sent to the site.
  • the Group Assignment Information field which contains sub-fields as shown in Table 4, to send the correspondence between the site group and the time slot group to the site.
  • the site is divided into two types according to the parity of the AID, and the first two bits of the third byte in the above table can be defined as 00.
  • the bit is 01
  • the station representing the AID is an odd number
  • the last two bits of the third byte are defined as 00, indicating that the slot number is even
  • the bit is 01.
  • Step 503 The first station receives a time slot number sent by the access point to allow the first station to start data transmission.
  • the access point directly transmits the slot number that allows the first station to start data transmission to the first station
  • the first station can directly obtain the slot number that allows the data transmission to start. If the access point groups the sites, the first site is based on the identifier of the received site group of the first site, and the identifier of the site group and the slot number of the site in the allowed site group for data transmission. Corresponding relationship, determining the slot number that allows the first station to start data transmission.
  • Step 504 When the first station needs to perform data transmission, and the channel is monitored to be in an idle state, the first station competes with other stations for a channel.
  • the other site is one or more sites other than the first site that access the access point.
  • the first station After the first station needs to perform data transmission, it needs to first monitor whether the channel is occupied. When the channel is occupied by other stations, the first station cannot perform data transmission, and it is necessary to wait until the channel is in an idle state before competing for the channel to perform data again. transmission.
  • the first station can perform data transmission after listening to the channel being idle for a preset period of time, that is, the channel is idle for a preset duration.
  • the preset duration can be the duration of a DIFS.
  • the first station may first select a backoff delay duration from the contention window, and start counting down.
  • the backoff delay time arrives, that is, when the timer is cleared, That is, the first site successfully competes for the channel. If the backoff delay time arrives before the channel is occupied by other stations, the first station pauses the timer and waits for the channel to be idle again, continuing the countdown.
  • the size of the contention window is set in advance, and the station can randomly select a backoff delay duration from the contention window. Of course, it can also be selected according to certain rules. For example, a station with a higher priority selects a shorter backoff delay. The time length is long, and the lower priority station selects a longer backoff delay duration, which is not limited in this embodiment of the present invention.
  • the contention window can be expanded, and when the data transmission is successful, the size of the contention window can be restored to the initial size.
  • the first station selects a backoff delay duration after listening to the channel being in an idle state, even if the station that is allocated to the same station group to use the same time slot for data transmission needs to perform data transmission at the same time, according to the selected backoff delay
  • the length of time is determined, and the order of data transmission is determined to further reduce the possibility of data transmission conflicts.
  • Step 505 When the first station successfully contends to the channel, determine whether the current time slot is a time slot corresponding to a time slot number that allows the first station to start data transmission. If yes, go to step 506; Then, go to step 507.
  • the first station acquires, from the access point, a slot number that allows the first station to start data transmission, and the first station determines whether to allow data transmission to start on the current time slot based on the slot numbers.
  • Step 506 If the first station determines that the current time slot is a time slot corresponding to the time slot number that allows the first station to start data transmission, the first station uses the channel in the current time slot to perform data transmission to the access point.
  • Step 507 If the first station determines that the current time slot is not the time slot corresponding to the time slot number that allows the first station to start data transmission, the first station waits for the time slot corresponding to the time slot number that allows the first station to start data transmission. Upon arrival, the occupied channel immediately performs data transmission.
  • the first station also needs to monitor whether the channel is idle during the waiting period. If the first station listens to other stations occupying the channel for data transmission during the waiting period, the first station still needs to wait for the end of the data transmission of the other station. Thereafter, when the channel idle time reaches a preset duration, and the time slot that allows the first station to start data transmission comes, the occupied channel starts data transmission.
  • the first station may not listen to the channel during the waiting period, and when the time slot for allowing the first station to start data transmission arrives, the re-listening channel is in an idle state, and if the channel is in an idle state, The first station occupies the channel for data transmission, otherwise the first station still needs to wait, and when the channel is in an idle state and the time slot for allowing the first station to perform data transmission arrives, the occupied channel starts data transmission.
  • the access point configures, for the first station, a slot number that allows the first station to start occupying the channel for data transmission, so that the first station corresponds to the slot number that is allowed to start data transmission.
  • the data transmission starts on the slot, and the situation that multiple stations simultaneously occupy the channel transmission data causes the data transmission to fail.
  • the stations accessing the access point may be grouped, for example, according to the priority of data transmission by the station, and the same time slot number for allowing a group to start data transmission is configured for a group of sites, further realizing It affects the transmission efficiency and reduces the conflict when multiple sites occupy the same channel to transmit data.
  • the access point groups the sites according to the parity of the AID of the site, that is, the sites with the odd AID are grouped, and the sites with the even AID are grouped.
  • the access point is configured with a slot with an odd slot number in the site group with an odd number of AIDs, that is, a station with an odd AID is allowed to occupy the channel for data in the slot corresponding to the slot number with an odd slot number.
  • Transmission; the access point is a time slot with a shorter slot number for the station in the site group with an even AID, that is, the station with an even AID is allowed to occupy the channel on the time slot corresponding to the slot number with the even slot number.
  • Data transfer is configured with a slot with an odd slot number in the site group with an odd number of AIDs, that is, a station with an odd AID is allowed to occupy the channel for data in the slot corresponding to the slot number with an odd slot number.
  • the access point broadcasts the above-mentioned site grouping information and the available slot number configured for each station group to all stations through the Beacon frame, so that each station can obtain its own available slot number.
  • the access point can also set the period of the Beacon frame to 100ms, and set the Slot time of one slot to the minimum slot duration of 9us, that is, divide a Beacon frame period into 11112 slots, which can be represented by 14 bits. A time slot number.
  • the access point may send the division rule of the above time slot to all stations by using a broadcast message.
  • Site 1 (STA1) has an AID of 1
  • Site 2 (STA2) has an AID of 2.
  • STA1 and STA2 need to perform data transmission at the same time at T1.
  • a random backoff is randomly selected from the contention window.
  • the delay time is 5 time slots and 3 time slots, and the timer is turned on to count down. Because STA2's backoff delay is shorter, the countdown is cleared first, and the slot number corresponding to the current slot is 5. Since STA2 is only allowed to start data transmission on the slot with the even slot number, STA2 cannot When data transmission starts, it needs to wait.
  • STA2 When the time slot with slot number 6 arrives, STA2 hears that the channel is still idle. Therefore, STA2 occupies the channel on the time slot corresponding to slot number 6 to start data transmission. At this time, STA1 monitors that the channel is occupied, so STA1 pauses the countdown, and the timer has one slot remaining. After STA2 data transmission ends, STA1 monitors the channel idle time to reach the DIFS duration, and continues to count down. After 1 slot, the timer is cleared, the current slot number is 13, and STA1 is allowed to start at the current slot. Data transmission, so STA1 begins to occupy the channel for data transmission.
  • STA1 and STA2 need to perform data transmission again at time T2.
  • the length of the backoff delay is selected from the contention window, which is 4 time slots and 8 time slots respectively.
  • the timer counts down. Since the backoff delay of STA1 is short, the countdown is cleared first, and the slot number corresponding to the current slot is 6. Since STA1 is only allowed to start data transmission on the slot with an odd slot number, STA1 cannot When data transmission starts, it needs to wait. When the time slot with slot number 7 arrives, STA1 hears that the channel is still idle. Therefore, STA1 occupies the channel on the time slot corresponding to slot number 7 to start data transmission.
  • STA2 monitors that the channel is occupied, so STA2 pauses the countdown, and the timer has 3 slots remaining.
  • STA2 monitors the channel idle duration to reach the DIFS duration, continues counting down, clears the timer after 3 slots, the slot number of the current slot is 16, and STA2 is allowed to start at the current slot. Data transmission, so STA2 begins to occupy the channel for data transmission.
  • the access point can also divide a Beacon frame period into 24 time slots, and the time slot number is 0-23.
  • the access point may send the division rule of the above time slot to all stations by using a broadcast message.
  • the access point groups the sites according to the priority of the data transmission by the site, that is, the sites with higher priority are grouped into one group, and the sites with lower priority are grouped into one group.
  • the access point allocates the time slot with the slot number 0 to 14 to the station group with the higher priority, and allocates the time slot corresponding to the other slot number to the station group with the lower priority.
  • the access point broadcasts the above-mentioned site grouping information and the available slot number configured for each station group to all stations through the Beacon frame, so that each station can obtain its own available slot number.
  • STA1 is a high priority site, and STA2 and STA3 are low priority sites. As shown in Figure 7, STA1, STA2, and STA3 need to perform data transmission at the same time at T1. After listening to the idle time of the channel to reach the DIFS duration (assuming the duration of the DIFS is 2 slots), they are randomly selected from the contention window. A backoff delay is 2 slots, 5 slots, and 7 slots, and the timer is turned on to count down. Since the backoff delay of STA1 is short, the countdown is cleared first, and the slot number corresponding to the current slot is 4, and STA1 is allowed to occupy the channel for data transmission in the current slot, so STA1 corresponds to slot number 4. The occupied channel on the slot starts data transmission.
  • STA2 And STA3 monitors that the channel is occupied, so STA2 and STA3 pause the countdown, and at this time, there are 3 slots and 5 slots respectively.
  • STA2 and STA3 monitor the channel idle duration to reach the DIFS duration, continue counting down, clear the timer after 3 slots, the slot number of the current slot is 14, and the slot number 14 corresponds.
  • the time slot is a time slot available to the high priority station, and STA2 is a low priority station. Therefore, STA2 cannot start data transmission in the current time slot, and needs to wait.
  • the time slot number 15 arrives, STA2 listens to the channel.
  • STA2 occupies the channel on the time slot corresponding to slot number 15 to start data transmission.
  • STA3 monitors that the channel is occupied, so STA3 pauses the countdown, and one slot remains at this time.
  • STA3 monitors the channel idle duration to reach the DIFS duration, and continues to count down.
  • the timer is cleared. The current slot number is 21, and STA3 can start data in the current slot. Transmission, so STA3 begins to occupy the channel for data transmission.
  • the embodiment of the present invention further provides a site for implementing a point-to-multipoint channel allocation method according to an embodiment of the present invention to occupy a channel for data transmission.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a first site according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the first site includes: a listening module 801, a contention module 802, a determining module 803, and a transmitting module 804. Further, The site may also include a receiving module 805.
  • the listening module 801 is configured to monitor whether the channel is in an idle state.
  • the competing module 802 is configured to compete with other stations for the channel after the listening module 801 monitors that the channel is in an idle state.
  • the other sites are one or more sites other than the first site that access the same access point.
  • the determining module 803 is configured to determine, when the contention module 802 successfully contends to the channel, whether the current time slot is a time slot corresponding to the time slot number that allows the first station to start data transmission.
  • the transmission module 804 is configured to: if the determining module 803 determines that the current time slot is a time slot corresponding to the time slot number that allows the first station to start data transmission, and then uses the current time slot to occupy the channel to perform data transmission to the access point; otherwise, wait When the time slot corresponding to the slot number that allows the first station to start data transmission arrives, the occupied channel performs data transmission to the access point.
  • the above channel is a channel commonly used by multiple sites accessing the access point.
  • the slot number that allows the first station to start data transmission is sent by the access point to the first station.
  • the receiving module 805 is specifically configured to receive a broadcast message sent by the access point, where the broadcast message includes a correspondence between the identifier of the site group and a slot number that allows the station in the site group to start data transmission.
  • the first station sets the identifier of the station group in which it is located in the corresponding slot number in the above correspondence as the slot number that allows the first station to start data transmission.
  • the site group is divided according to the priority of the data transmission by the site, and the number of the slot number in the site group with the higher priority is allowed to start data transmission is greater than or equal to the site in the site group with the lower priority.
  • the number of slot numbers that are allowed to begin data transmission is greater than or equal to the site in the site group with the lower priority.
  • the site group may also be divided according to the value of the site's association identifier AID.
  • the contention module 802 is specifically configured to: determine a backoff delay duration, where the backoff delay duration is a backoff delay duration selected from a preset plurality of delay durations; and when the channel idle state reaches a backoff The delay time, that is, the first station successfully competes for the channel.
  • the foregoing monitoring module 801 is specifically configured to: when the listening channel is idle for a preset duration, determine that the channel is in an idle state.
  • FIG. 9 is a second schematic structural diagram of a first site according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the first site includes: a processor 901, a memory 902, a transceiver 903, and a bus interface.
  • the transceiver 903 is configured to receive and transmit data under the control of the processor 901.
  • the memory 902 is used to store a preset program and data used by the processor 901 when performing an operation.
  • the processor 901 is configured to read a program saved in the memory 902, and execute the following process according to the program:
  • the channel After the channel is in the idle state, the channel is contending with other stations; when successfully competing for the channel, it is determined whether the current time slot is a time slot corresponding to the time slot number that allows the first station to start data transmission; if the current time slot is determined In order to allow the first station to start the time slot corresponding to the slot number of the data transmission, the channel occupied by the current slot is transmitted to the access point through the transceiver 903. Otherwise, waiting for the first station to start data transmission. When the time slot corresponding to the slot number arrives, the occupied channel Data transmission is performed to the access point by the transceiver 903.
  • the other sites are one or more sites other than the first site that are connected to the same access point.
  • the above channel is a channel used by a plurality of sites accessing the access point to compete for use.
  • the slot number that allows the first station to start data transmission is sent by the access point to the first station.
  • the processor 901 is configured to receive, by using the transceiver 903, a broadcast message sent by the access point, where the broadcast message includes the identifier of the site group and the time slot number of the site in the site group to start data transmission. Relationship; the slot number corresponding to the identifier of the site group in which the identity is located in the above correspondence relationship is used as the slot number that allows the first station to start data transmission.
  • the site group is divided according to the priority of the data transmission by the site, and the number of the slot number in the site group with the higher priority is allowed to start data transmission is greater than or equal to the site in the site group with the lower priority.
  • the number of slot numbers that are allowed to begin data transmission is greater than or equal to the site in the site group with the lower priority.
  • the site group may also be divided according to the value of the site's association identifier AID.
  • the processor 901 is specifically configured to: determine a backoff delay duration, where the backoff delay duration is a backoff delay duration selected from a preset plurality of delay durations; when the channel is idle The duration reaches the backoff delay duration, that is, the first station successfully competes for the channel.
  • the processor 901 is configured to: when the listening channel is in an idle state, is configured to: when the duration of the channel being idle is reached, the channel is in an idle state.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides an access point for implementing the foregoing method embodiments.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of an access point according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in the figure, the access point includes: a determining module 1001 and a sending module 1002.
  • the determining module 1001 is configured to determine a slot number of the first station that allows access to the access point to start data transmission.
  • the sending module 1002 is configured to send the determined time slot number to the first station, so that the first station contends with other stations after listening to the channel in an idle state, and is allowed to start after successfully competing to the channel.
  • the time slot corresponding to the slot number for data transmission arrives, the channel is occupied.
  • the access point begins data transmission.
  • the other sites are one or more sites other than the first site that access the access point.
  • the channel is a channel used by a plurality of sites accessing the access point to compete for use.
  • the determining module 1001 is specifically configured to: group the stations that access the access point; and assign each station group a slot number that allows the stations in the group to start data transmission.
  • the sending module 1002 is specifically configured to: send a broadcast message, where the broadcast message includes a correspondence between an identifier of the site group and a slot number that allows the station in the site group to start data transmission.
  • the foregoing group of sites is divided according to the priority of the data transmission by the site, and the number of the slot numbers in the site group with the higher priority is allowed to start data transmission is greater than or equal to the number of the site group with the lower priority.
  • the number of slot numbers that the station is allowed to begin data transmission is greater than or equal to the number of the site group with the lower priority.
  • FIG. 11 is a second schematic structural diagram of an access point according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the station includes: a processor 1101, a memory 1102, a transceiver 1103, and a bus interface.
  • the transceiver 1103 is configured to receive and transmit data under the control of the processor 1101.
  • the memory 1102 is used to store a preset program and data used by the processor 1101 when performing an operation.
  • the processor 1101 is configured to read a program saved in the memory 1102, and execute the following process according to the program:
  • the other stations compete for the channel, and after successfully competing for the channel, when the time slot corresponding to the slot number that allows the data transmission to start to arrive, the occupied channel starts transmitting data to the access point.
  • the above channel is a channel commonly used by multiple sites accessing the access point.
  • the other sites are one or more sites other than the first site that access the access point.
  • the processor 1101 when determining, by the first station that is the access, the slot number that is allowed to start data transmission, is specifically configured to: group the stations that access the access point; and assign an allowable pair to each station group.
  • the time slot number of the data transmission should be started by the station in the site group; the broadcast message is sent by the transceiver 1103, and the broadcast message includes the identifier of the site group and the number of sites in the allowed site group. According to the correspondence of the transmitted slot numbers.
  • the foregoing group of sites may be prioritized according to the priority of the data transmission by the site, and the number of the slot numbers in the site group with the higher priority is allowed to start data transmission is greater than or equal to the group group with the lower priority. The number of time slots in which the site is allowed to start data transmission.
  • the embodiment of the present invention further provides a point-to-multipoint system for implementing a situation in which data transmission conflict occurs when multiple stations compete for a channel.
  • the system includes an access point as described above, and N stations as described above, where N is an integer greater than one.
  • the computer program instructions can also be stored in a computer readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing device to operate in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer readable memory produce an article of manufacture comprising the instruction device.
  • the apparatus implements the functions specified in one or more blocks of a flow or a flow and/or block diagram of the flowchart.
  • These computer program instructions can also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing device such that a series of operational steps are performed on a computer or other programmable device to produce computer-implemented processing for execution on a computer or other programmable device.
  • the instructions provide steps for implementing the functions specified in one or more of the flow or in a block or blocks of a flow diagram.

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Abstract

一种点到多点的信道分配方法、装置及系统。该方法中，接入点为站点配置允许该站点开始占用信道进行数据传输的时隙号，并发送给该站点；站点监听到信道处于空闲状态后，与其他站点竞争信道，当成功竞争到信道时，确定当前时隙是否为允许该站点开始进行数据传输的时隙号对应的时隙，若当前时隙为允许该站点开始进行数据传输的时隙，则在当前时隙占用信道向接入点进行数据传输，否则，则等待允许开始进行数据传输的时隙号对应的时隙到达时，占用信道向接入点进行数据传输。通过上述方法以实现在不影响传输效率的同时，减少多个站点占用同一信道传输数据时发生冲突的情况。

Description

一种点到多点的信道分配方法、装置及系统 技术领域
本发明涉及无线通信领域，尤其涉及一种点到多点的信道分配方法、装置及系统。
背景技术
基于IEEE 802.11标准的WLAN(Wireless Local Area Networks，无线局域网)已经广泛应用于家庭、办公环境、机场、汽车站等场所，为用户提供网络接入服务。随着人们对信息量需求的增加，对网络数据传输速率也提出了更高的要求。无线局域网络的物理层速率从最初的2Mbps逐步提高到11Mbps，再到54Mbps，如今，超过100Mbps的无线局域网络也开始使用。
目前基于802.11标准的MAC层工作主要集中在如何改善网络的吞吐量和延迟性能上。基于802.11标准的无线网信道访问控制方式的标准主要包括PCF(Point coordination Function，点协调功能)和DCF(Distributed Coordination Function，分布式协调功能)。由于DCF实现比较简单，因此DCF得到目前大多数厂商的支持。
DCF基于CSMA/CA(carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance，带有冲突避免的载波监听多路访问)机制以及二进制指数退避机制，允许终端在监听信道空闲后进行信道竞争，以实现接入同一接入点的不同站点通过带冲突避免的载波监听多址接入方式竞争同一信道向接入点进行数据传输。如图1所示，信道开始时为站点A(Station A)所使用，当站点A传送完毕后，站点B、C、D侦听到超过DIFS的时间信道空闲，因此，认定信道正处于空闲状态，从而分别产生一个退避延时时长(如图1所示，分别为12个时隙，6个时隙及8个时隙)，然后开始进行倒计时。由于站点C所产生的后退时间最小(6个时隙)，于是站点C首先倒计时清零，优先获取到信道使用权，进行数据传输。站点C开始数据传输后，站点B和站点D由于侦听到信道被 占用，故倒计时暂停，剩余时长分别为6个时隙和2个时隙。在站点C数据传输结束后，站点B和站点D侦听到超过DIFS(Distributed Inter-frame Spacing，分布式帧间间隙)的时间信道空闲，继续倒计时。在2个时隙后，站点D开始进行数据传输，而站点B侦听到信道被占用，再次暂停倒计时。
各个站点的退避延时时长是从竞争窗口(0～CW)中随机选取出来的，存在多个站点的随机后退时间相同导致数据传输冲突的可能。若竞争窗口较小，则发生冲突的概率则较大；若竞争窗口较大，虽然发生冲突的概率降低，但数据传输的延迟较大，传输效率降低。
如何兼顾避免冲突和保证效率，成为目前亟待解决的问题。
发明内容
本发明实施例提供了一种点到多点的信道分配方法、装置及系统，用以实现在不影响传输效率的同时，减少多个站点占用同一信道传输数据时发生冲突的情况。
第一方面，本发明实施例提供的点到多点的信道分配方法，该方法可以应用于多个站点接入到一个接入点的场景中，包括：
第一站点监听到信道处于空闲状态后，与其他站点竞争信道，其中，其他站点为接入到接入点的除第一站点外的其他一个或多个站点；当成功竞争到信道时，第一站点对当前时隙进行判断，若确定当前时隙为允许第一站点开始进行数据传输的时隙号对应的时隙，则第一站点在当前时隙占用信道向接入点进行数据传输，否则，等待允许第一站点开始进行数据传输的时隙号对应的时隙到达时，占用信道向接入点进行数据传输。其中，上述信道是接入该接入点的多个站点共同竞争使用的信道。
在上述方法中，第一站点仅在被允许开始进行数据传输的时隙号对应的时隙上开始数据传输，以减少多个站点同时占用信道传输数据导致数据传输失败的情况发生。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的第一种可能的实现方式中，上述允许第一 站点开始进行数据传输的时隙号，是接入点发送给第一站点的。接入点将允许第一站点开始进行数据传输的时隙号发送给第一站点，使得接入点可以根据接入该接入点的站点的数量、站点进行的业务，对接入站点的数据传输进行调控。
结合第一方面以及第一方面的第一种可能的实现方式，在第一方面的第二种可能的实现方式中，第一站点在接入该接入点后，被分配一个站点组，同一站点组中的站点被配置有相同的允许开始进行数据传输的时隙号。第一站点接收接入点发送的广播消息，广播消息中包括站点组的标识与允许站点组中的站点开始进行数据传输的时隙号的对应关系。第一站点可以根据自身所在的站点组的标识以及上述对应关系，确定允许第一站点开始进行数据传输的时隙号。
根据对站点进行数据传输的频率进行统计的结果，发现为一组站点配置相同的允许开始进行数据传输的时隙号，不会显著增加数据传输冲突的概率，且考虑到时隙数量有限，在应用于办公环境、机场等公共场所，接入的站点的数量较多的情况下，可以对接入的站点进行组划分，为一组站点配置相同的允许开始进行数据传输的时隙号，以提高时隙的利用率，进而提高系统的数据传输效率。
结合第一方面以及第一方面的第二种可能的实现方式，在第一方面的第三种可能的实现方式中，站点组可以是根据站点进行数据传输的优先级划分的，且优先级高的站点组中的站点被允许开始进行数据传输的时隙号的数量大于等于优先级低的站点组中的站点被允许开始进行数据传输的时隙号的数量。
在一些应用场景下，不同的站点进行数据传输的优先级可能不同，可以将优先级高的站点分为一组；或者，数据传输的业务类型的优先级可能不同，可以根据站点数据传输的业务类型的优先级，对站点分组进行动态更新。为了保证优先级较高的站点组中的站点能够及时进行数据传输，以及减少这些站点数据传输冲突的情况发生，可以为优先级高的站点组分配数量较多的时 隙号，为优先级低的站点组分配数量较少的时隙号，以减少优先级较高的站点在进行数据传输时的时延以及数据传输冲突的情况发生。
结合第一方面以及第一方面的第一种可能的实现方式，在第一方面的第四种可能的实现方式中，站点组可以是根据站点的AID进行划分的。当接入的站点没有优先等级的区分，或者传输数据的业务类型也没有优先等级的区分时，可以根据站点的AID进行站点分组，操作简单，易于实现。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的第五种可能的实现方式中，当第一站点需要进行数据传输且该站点监听到信道处于空闲状态后，第一站点可以从预设的多个延时时长中选取一个退避延时时长，并开始倒计时，当倒计时清零后，第一站点再确定当前时隙是否为允许第一站点开始进行数据传输的时隙。若为允许第一站点开始进行数据传输的时隙，则第一站点占用信道开始进行数据传输，否则，第一站点等待允许开始进行数据传输的时隙号对应的时隙到达时，占用信道进行数据传输。若等待期间，信道被占用，则第一站点等待信道再次空闲且允许第一站点开始进行数据传输的时隙号对应的时隙到来时，占用信道开始进行数据传输。
通过每个站点选取一个退避延时时长，能够进一步减少多个站点进行数据传输时发生冲突的可能。例如，可以使用相同时隙号对应的时隙开始进行数据传输的多个站点同时需要进行数据传输，且同时监听到信道处于空闲状态，则会发生冲突；而每个站点选择一个退避延时时长，当退避延时时长不同时，则避免了冲突的发生。
具体地，第一站点可以随机地从预设的多个延时时长中选取退避延时时长；也可以根据第一站点进行数据传输的优先级进行选择，例如，优先级较高的站点选择较短的退避延时时长，而优先级较低的站点选择较长的退避延时时长。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的第六种可能的实现方式中，第一站点在监听信道是否处于空闲状态时，若第一站点监听到信道处于空闲的时长到达预设时长，则认为信道可用。第一站点在监听到信道处于空闲的时长到达预设 时长后再进行数据传输，使得两次数据传输之间存在一定间隔，以使接入点能够区分。
第二方面，本发明实施例提供的一种点到多点的信道分配方法，应用于多个站点接入到一个接入点的场景中，包括：
接入点为接入的第一站点确定允许其开始进行数据传输的时隙号，然后将确定出的时隙号发送给第一站点，以使第一站点在需要进行数据传输、且监听到信道处于空闲状态后与其他站点竞争信道，在成功竞争到信道后，在被允许开始进行数据传输的时隙号对应的时隙到达时，占用信道向接入点开始传输数据。其中，其他站点为接入到该接入点的除第一站点外的其他一个或多个站点，信道为接入该接入点的多个站点共同竞争使用的信道。
在上述方法中，接入点向第一站点发送允许第一站点开始进行数据传输的时隙号，以使第一站点在允许开始进行数据传输的时隙号对应的时隙上开始数据传输，减少多个站点同时占用信道传输数据导致数据传输失败的情况发生。
结合第二方面，在第二方面的第一种可能的实现方式中，接入点在确定允许第一站点开始进行数据传输的时隙号时，可以先对第一站点进行分组，然后为每个站点组配置允许该站点组中的站点开始进行数据传输的时隙号。接入点通过广播消息将站点组的标识与允许站点组中的站点开始进行数据传输的时隙号的对应关系发送给第一站点，以使第一站点确定自身被允许开始进行数据传输的时隙号。
结合第二方面以及第二方面的第一种可能的实现方式，在第二方面的第二种可能的实现方式中，接入点对站点进行分组时，可以根据站点进行数据传输的优先级进行划分，并为优先级高的站点组中的站点配置数量较多的允许开始进行数据传输的时隙号，为优先级低的站点组中的站点配置数量较少的允许开始进行数据传输的时隙号。
结合第二方面以及第二方面的第一种可能的实现方式，在第二方面的第三种可能的实现方式中，站点组可以是根据站点的AID进行划分的。当接入 的站点没有优先等级的区分，或者传输数据的业务类型也没有优先等级的区分时，可以根据站点的AID进行站点分组，操作简单，易于实现。
第三方面，本发明实施例提供的一种站点，应用于多个站点接入到一个接入点的场景中，所述站点作为第一站点，第一站点包括：
监听模块，用于监听信道是否处于空闲状态。
竞争模块，用于当所述监听模块监听到信道处于空闲状态后，与其他站点竞争所述信道；其他站点为接入到该接入点的除第一站点外的其他一个或多个站点。
确定模块，用于当成功竞争到所述信道时，确定当前时隙是否为允许所述第一站点开始进行数据传输的时隙号对应的时隙。
传输模块，用于若所述确定模块确定当前时隙为允许所述第一站点开始进行数据传输的时隙号对应的时隙，在所述当前时隙占用所述信道向所述接入点进行数据传输；否则，等待允许所述第一站点开始进行数据传输的时隙号对应的时隙到达时，占用所述信道向所述接入点进行数据传输。
其中，所述信道为接入所述接入点的多个站点共同竞争使用的信道。
结合第三方面，在第三方面的第一种可能的实现方式中，所述允许所述第一站点开始进行数据传输的时隙号，是所接入点发送给所述第一站点的。
结合第三方面，在第三方面的第二种可能的实现方式中，所述第一站点还包括接收模块，具体用于：接收所述接入点发送的广播消息，该广播消息中包括站点组的标识与允许站点组中的站点开始进行数据传输的时隙号的对应关系。第一站点可以将自身所在的站点组的标识在所述对应关系中对应的时隙号，作为允许所述第一站点开始进行数据传输的时隙号。
结合第三方面以及第三方面的第二种可能的实现方式，在第三方面的第三种可能的实现方式中，所述站点组是根据站点进行数据传输的优先级划分的，优先级高的站点组中的站点被允许开始进行数据传输的时隙号的数量大于等于优先级低的站点组中的站点被允许开始进行数据传输的时隙号的数量。
结合第三方面以及第三方面的第二种可能的实现方式，在第三方面的第四种可能的实现方式中，所述站点组是根据站点的关联标识符AID的数值进行划分的。
结合第三方面，在第三方面的第五种可能的实现方式中，上述竞争模块，具体用于：确定退避延时时长，所述退避延时时长为从预设的多个延时时长内选取的退避延时时长；当所述信道空闲状态的时长达到所述退避延时时长，所述第一站点成功竞争到所述信道。
结合第三方面，在第三方面的第六种可能的实现方式中，上述监听模块在监听信道是否处于空闲状态时，具体用于：监听到所述信道处于空闲的时长达到预设时长，则确定所述信道处于空闲状态。
第四方面，本发明实施例提供的一种接入点，应用于多个站点接入到一个接入点的场景中，包括：
确定模块，用于确定允许接入所述接入点的第一站点开始进行数据传输的时隙号。
发送模块，用于将确定出的时隙号发送给所述第一站点，以使所述第一站点在监听到信道处于空闲状态后与其他站点竞争信道，在成功竞争到信道后，在被允许开始进行数据传输的时隙号对应的时隙到达时，占用所述信道向所述接入点开始进行数据传输；所述其他站点为接入到所述接入点的除所述第一站点外的其他一个或多个站点。
其中，所述信道为接入所述接入点的多个站点共同竞争使用的信道。
结合第四方面，在第四方面的第一种可能的实现方式中，上述确定模块，具体用于：将接入所述接入点的站点分组；为每个站点组分配允许对应该站点组中的站点开始进行数据传输的时隙号。
上述发送模块，具体用于：发送广播消息，该广播消息中包括站点组的标识与允许站点组中的站点开始进行数据传输的时隙号的对应关系。
结合第四方面以及第四方面的第一种可能的实现方式，在第四方面的第二种可能的实现方式中，所述站点组是根据站点进行数据传输的优先级划分 的，优先级高的站点组中的站点被允许开始进行数据传输的时隙号的数量大于等于优先级低的站点组中的站点被允许开始进行数据传输的时隙号的数量。
第五方面，本发明实施例提供了一种点到多点的系统，包括一个如第四方面所述的接入点以及N个如第三方面所述的站点，其中，N为大于1的整数。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例中的技术方案，下面将对实施例描述中所需要使用的附图作简要介绍。
图1为现有技术中的站点遵从CSMA/CA机制进行数据传输的示意图；
图2为现有技术中发生数据传输冲突的示意图；
图3为适应于本发明实施例提供的点到多点的信道分配方法的WLAN网络架构示意图；
图4为本发明实施例提供的时隙示意图；
图5为本发明实施例提供的点到多点的信道分配方法的流程示意图；
图6为本发明实施例提供的一个具体实施例示意图；
图7为本发明实施例提供的另一个具体实施例示意图；
图8为本发明实施例提供的一种站点的结构示意图；
图9为本发明实施例提供的另一种站点的结构示意图；
图10为本发明实施例提供的一种接入点的结构示意图；
图11为本发明实施例提供的另一种接入点的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合附图对本发明作进一步地详细描述。
各个站点遵从802.11无线局域网协议中的CSMA/CA机制向接入点传输 数据时，仍然可能会发生数据传输冲突的可能，如图2所示。开始时，信道被站点A所占用进行数据传输，站点B、站点C、站点D和站点E均有数据需要传输，当站点A数据传输完毕，其他站点监听信道空闲的时间达到DIFS时长，则站点B、站点C、站点D和站点E各自从竞争窗口中随机选取一个退避延时时长，分别为12个时隙、2个时隙、8个时隙和8个时隙，并开始倒计时。通常情况下，初始竞争窗口为[0,15](单位：时隙)。由于站点C的退避延时时长最短，站点C首先倒计时清零，故站点C占用信道开始进行数据传输。站点C开始进行数据传输后，站点B、站点D和站点E监听到信道被占用，暂停倒计时，此时，站点B、站点D、站点E的退避延时时长还剩10个时隙、6个时隙、6个时隙。在站点C的数据传输结束后，站点B、站点D、站点E监听到信道空闲的时间达到DIFS时长，继续倒计时，由于站点D和站点E的剩余退避延时时长相同，同时倒计时清零，故站点D和站点E同时进行数据传输，发生冲突，接入点无法正常接收数据。站点D和站点E在预设时间内没有接收到接入点发送的接收成功响应消息，或接收到接入点发送的数据传输确认消息(Acknowledgment)，但该消息指示数据传输失败，则站点D和站点E将竞争窗口扩大一倍，变为[0,31]，并从新的竞争窗口中重新选取一个退避延时时长，如图所示，分别为20个时隙和28个时隙，并重新开始倒计时。由于站点B仅剩余4个时隙，故站点B先倒计时清零，占用信道进行数据传输。而站点D和站点E监听到信道被占用后暂停倒计时，此时，各自剩余16个时隙和24个时隙。在站点B数据传输结束后，站点D和站点E监听到信道空闲时长到达DIFS时长后，继续倒计时，站点D剩余时隙较少，先倒计时清零，故站点D占用信道进行数据传输。在站点D传输结束后，站点E占用信道进行数据传输。
现有技术中，站点D和站点E在成功传输数据之后，还可以将竞争窗口还原为之前较小的竞争窗口；若站点D或站点E连续发生冲突，则可以再次扩大竞争窗口，将窗口扩大为原来的2m倍，其中，m为连续发生冲突的次数。通常，会设置一个竞争窗口大小的最大值，当竞争窗口扩大到最大时，则不 再扩大窗口。
由此可以看出，竞争窗口的选择会影响系统传输的性能。若竞争窗口过小，可能导致多个站点随机选取的退避延时时长相同，进而导致发生数据传输冲突；若竞争窗口过大，则会产生不必要的延时，影响传输效率，尤其是在网络高负荷情况下，无法满足一些对传输速率或时延有较高要求的站点的QoS(Quality of Service，服务质量)需求。
为了解决上述问题，本发明实施例提供了一种点到多点的信道分配方法，用以实现在不影响传输效率的同时，减少多个站点占用同一信道传输数据时发生冲突的情况。该方法可应用于如图3所示的WLAN网络架构中，该WLAN网络架构包括接入点(AP)和站点(STA)。其中，接入点可以是具有WLAN接入功能的设备，例如光网络终端(ONT)，同轴电缆调制解调器(Cable Modem)，数字用户线调制解调器(DSL Modem)或路由器(Router)等；站点可以是手机、平板电脑、无线上网笔记本电脑或其他能够通过WLAN接入无线网络的设备。
接入点会周期性地通过向该接入点范围内的站点广播发送Beacon帧，以通知各站点知晓该接入点的存在，以使站点根据Beacon帧中的信息与接入点建立连接。接入点可以将两个Beacon帧之间的时间划分为具有相等时长的多个时隙，并对每个时隙进行编号，如图4所示。每个时隙的时长、共有多少个时隙都可以由接入点控制。接入点可以通过Beacon帧或其他广播消息通知各站点时隙的划分原则。
此外，接入点可以通过Beacon帧中的Operating Mode Notification字段中的Operating Mode Field子字段中的预留比特位通知站点，在进行数据传输时是否需要应用本发明实施例提供点到多点的信道分配方法。
Operating Mode Field子字段共包括8个字节，如表1所示。
表1
Figure PCTCN2016109720-appb-000001
接入点可以通过预留的比特位B2和B3通知站点是否应用本发明实施例提供的点到多点的信道分配方法。例如，若B2和B3的值为01，则表示应用本发明实施例提供的信道分配方法。
参见图5，为本发明实施例提供的点到多点的信道分配方法的流程示意图，如图所示，该方法具体包括以下步骤：
步骤501、接入点确定允许接入该接入点的第一站点开始占用信道进行数据传输的时隙号。
其中，上述信道为接入该接入点的多个站点共同竞争使用的信道，例如可以通过带冲突避免的载波监听多址接入的方式共同使用。因此，为了减少多个站点同时占用信道传输数据导致传输失败的情况发生，接入点为每个接入的站点配置允许其开始占用信道进行数据传输的时隙号，以使站点在其被允许开始占用信道进行数据传输的时隙号对应的时隙上开始进行数据传输。
此外，这里使用“第一站点”是为了与接入该接入点的其他站点进行区分，并非特指某一个站点。
具体地，接入点可以在第一站点接入该接入点时，为其配置允许开始进行数据传输的时隙号。
在一些实施例中，接入点可以对接入该接入点的站点进行分组，并为该组站点配置允许开始进行数据传输的时隙号，即某一站点只能使用该站点所在站点组对应的时隙号对应的时隙上开始进行数据传输，而不能占用其他组对应的时隙号对应的时隙。
预先对站点进行数据传输频率进行分析，其结果显示为一组站点配置相同的允许开始进行数据传输的时隙号，不会显著增加数据传输冲突的概率， 且考虑到时隙数量有限，在应用于办公环境、机场等公共场所，接入的站点的数量较多的情况下，可以对接入的站点进行组划分，为一组站点配置相同的允许开始进行数据传输的时隙号，以提高时隙的利用率，进而提高系统的数据传输效率。
可选地，对站点进行分组时，可以通过以下方式对站点进行分组：
1)根据站点的AID(Association Identifier)进行分组
一个接入点可以接入数量众多的站点，因此，接入点可以给每个站点分配一个AID用于区分站点，在接入点的AID Table(AID标签)中，每一个AID与其对应的站点的MAC地址对应，以方便接入点对数量较多的站点进行管理。AID的取值范围为0～2007，其中，AID＝0为保留字段，并不分配给站点，用以代表组播和广播，因此可以分配给站点的AID为1～2007。
接入点可以按照AID的奇偶性对站点进行分组，即将AID为奇数的站点分为一组，将AID为偶数的站点分为一组。
当接入的站点数量较多时，接入点还可以根据AID将站点分为多个站点组。以将接入的站点分为4组为例，可以将(AID mod 4)＝0的站点分为一组，将(AID mod 4)＝1的站点分为一组，将(AID mod 4)＝2的站点分为一组，将(AID mod 4)＝3的站点分为一组。
接入点还可以将AID位于特定范围内的站点分为一组，例如将AID属于[1,10]的站点分为一组，将AID为其他的站点分为一组。应当理解，上述数值仅为举例，所述特定范围也可以其他数值范围或非连续的数值。
当然，接入点根据AID按照其他方式对站点进行分组，此处不再一一举例。
当接入的众多站点之间没有优先等级的区分时，或者，也没有数据传输的业务类型的优先等级之分时，根据AID对站点进行分组，操作简单，易于实现。
2)根据站点进行数据传输的优先级进行分组
在一些场景中，可能存在不同站点对数据传输的速率的要求不同，有些 站点对于传输速率的要求较高，而有些站点对传输速率没有过高的要求，此时，接入点可以将需要较高传输速率的站点分为一组，即高优先级的站点组，将对传输速率没有额外要求的站点分为一组，即低优先级的站点组。
在一些场景中，不同的站点进行数据传输的优先级不同。例如，物联网设备需要自动上报测量数据，可设置为高优先级；而通常用于娱乐活动的手机或平板电脑可设置为低优先级。接入点可以将数据传输优先级高的站点分为一组，将数据传输优先级低的站点分为一组。
在另外一些场景中，由于不同的数据传输业务类型的优先级不同，可以将需要进行高优先级业务类型的数据传输的站点分为一组。例如，可以将视频业务设置为高优先级，其他业务设置为低优先级，基于此，可以将需要进行视频数据传输的站点划分为高优先级站点组，将进行其他类型数据传输的站点划分为低优先级站点组。由于同一站点可能在进行高优先级业务类型数据传输之后，又需要进行低优先级业务类型的数据传输，故站点的分组信息需要动态更新。
当然，在其他分组方式中也可以对分组信息进行更新，例如，在有新的站点接入时可以重新进行分组或将新接入的站点分到已存在的一个站点组中。此外，除了上述分组方式，接入点还可以通过其他方式对站点进行分组，本发明实施例对此不作限制。
可选地，接入点为不同的站点组配置允许开始进行数据传输的时隙号时，可以通过以下方式进行配置：
1)根据站点的AID进行配置
若对站点进行分组时，将AID为奇数的站点分为一组，将AID为偶数的站点分为一组，那么接入点可以将时隙号为奇数的时隙分配给AID为奇数的站点组，将时隙号为偶数的时隙分配给AID为偶数的站点组。
若对站点进行分组时，根据AID除以M的余数将站点分为M组，那么接入点可以根据时隙号除以M的余数，将时隙分为M组，并分配给相应的站点组。仍以将站点分为4组为例，可以将(Slot Number mod 2)＝0的时隙号 分配给(AID mod 4)＝0的站点组，将(Slot Number mod 2)＝1的时隙号分配给(AID mod 4)＝1的站点组，将(Slot Number mod 2)＝2的时隙号分配给(AID mod 4)＝2的站点组，将(Slot Number mod 2)＝3的时隙号分配给(AID mod 4)＝3的站点组，其中，Slot Number表示时隙号。
若对站点进行分组时，将AID位于特定范围内的站点分为一组，那么接入点可以为该组站点分配时隙号位于特定范围内的时隙。例如，将AID属于[1,10]的站点分为一组，那么可以将时隙号为[1,10]的时隙分配给该组站点，将其他时隙号分配给其他站点。应当理解，上述数值仅为举例，所述特定范围也可以其他数值范围或非连续的数值。
当然，接入点还可以根据AID按照其他方式为站点组配置允许开始进行数据传输的时隙号，此处不再一一举例。
2)根据站点进行数据传输的优先级进行配置
接入点可以为对于传输速率有较高需求的站点组配置更多的时隙号，为对传输速率要求较低的站点组配置较少的时隙号，以保证对传输速率有较高需要的站点进行数据传输的延时较短，能够较快的进行数据传输。
如前所述，若不同的站点组中的站点所进行数据传输的优先级不同，那么可以为优先级较高的站点组配置较多的时隙号，为优先级较低的站点组配置较少的时隙号，以保证优先级较高的站点组中的站点能够优先完成数据传输并减少优先级高的站点组中的站点进行数据传输时发生冲突的可能。
当然，除了上述配置方法，接入点还可以通过其他方式为不同的站点组配置允许开始进行数据传输的时隙号，本发明实施例对此不作限制。
步骤502、接入点将确定出的时隙号发送给第一站点。
在具体实现上述步骤时，接入点可以直接将允许第一站点开始进行数据传输的时隙号发送给该站点；或者，若接入点对接入的站点进行了分组，并为每组站点配置了允许开始进行数据传输的时隙号，那么接入点可以在第一站点接入时将第一站点所在站点组的标识发送给第一站点，并通过广播消息将站点组的标识与站点组中的站点允许开始进行数据传输的时隙号的对应关 系发送给接入该接入点的站点，以减少所使用的信令资源。
可选地，接入点可以通过现有消息中的保留字段将站点所在站点组的标识。
举例来说，当一个站点向接入点发起关联请求(Association Request)后，接入点向站点返回关联响应消息(Association Response)，Association Response中包括AID字段，用于通知站点其对应的AID。通常情况下，接入点为站点分配AID时，根据站点接入的顺序，从1开始逐个分配给站点。
AID字段包括16个比特位，其中比特位B0～B13用于表示该站点的AID，而最高的两个比特位B14和B15为预留比特位，在现有技术中均被置1。因此，接入点可以利用AID字段中的最高两个比特位B14和B15将该站点所在的站点组的标识发送给站点。仍以前述根据AID将站点分为4组为例，若B14和B15为00，则表示该站点所在的站点组的标识为0，即(AID mod 4)＝0的站点组；若B14和B15为01，则表示该站点所在的站点组的标识为1，即(AID mod 4)＝1的站点组；若B14和B15为10，则表示该站点所在的站点组的标识为2，即(AID mod 4)＝2的站点组；若B14和B15为11，则表示该站点所在的站点组的标识为3，即(AID mod 4)＝3的站点组。
当然，接入点还可以通过现有消息中的其他预留比特位将站点所在的站点组的标识发送给站点；或者，接入点还可以在现有消息中增加一些字段将站点所在的站点组的标识发送给站点；再或者，接入点还可以新增加一个消息，用于将站点所在的站点组的标识发送给站点。
可选地，接入点可以在现有消息中增加一些字段，以实现将站点组标识与允许站点组中的站点开始进行数据传输的时隙号之间的对应关系发送给站点。
例如，可以在Beacon帧中添加一个AID Group Assignment Information(即站点的分组信息)字段，该字段包含的子字段可以如表2所示，以实现将站点所在站点组的标识通知给站点。
表2
Figure PCTCN2016109720-appb-000002
再例如，接入点可以在Beacon帧中添加一个Slot Group Assignment(即站点组分组信息和站点组标识与允许开始进行数据传输的时隙号之间的对应关系)字段，该字段包含的子字段可以如表3所示，以实现将站点组标识与允许开始进行数据传输的时隙号之间的对应关系发送给站点。
表3
Figure PCTCN2016109720-appb-000003
再例如，还可以对站点和时隙号分别进行分组后，在Beacon帧中添加Slot  Group Assignment Information(即站点组与时隙组的对应关系)字段，该字段包含的子字段可以如表4所示，以实现将站点组与时隙组的对应关系发送给站点。
表4
Figure PCTCN2016109720-appb-000004
根据表4所示的站点组与时隙组的对应关系，以将站点按照AID的奇偶性分为两种为例，可以定义上表中的第3字节的前两个比特位为00时表示AID为偶数的站点，比特位为01时代表AID为奇数的站点；可以定义第3字节的后两个比特位为00时表示时隙号为偶数的时隙组，比特位为01时表示时隙号为奇数的时隙组。若第三字节的前4个比特位为0101，则可以表示AID为奇数的站点组中的站点被允许使用时隙号为奇数的时隙组中的时隙开始进行数据传输。
步骤503、第一站点接收接入点发送的允许第一站点开始进行数据传输的时隙号。
若接入点直接将允许第一站点开始进行数据传输的时隙号发送给第一站点，则第一站点可以直接获取到允许开始进行数据传输的时隙号。若接入点对站点进行了分组，则第一站点根据接收到的第一站点所在站点组的标识，以及站点组的标识与允许站点组中的站点开始进行数据传输的时隙号之间的 对应关系，确定出允许第一站点开始进行数据传输的时隙号。
步骤504、当第一站点需要进行数据传输时，且监听到信道处于空闲状态，第一站点与其他站点竞争信道。其中，其他站点为接入该接入点的除第一站点外的其他一个或多个站点。
第一站点在需要进行数据传输后，需要先监听信道是否被占用，当信道被其他站点占用时，那么第一站点不能进行数据传输，需要等到信道处于空闲状态时，才可再次竞争信道进行数据传输。
通常情况下，两次数据传输之间存在一定的时间间隔，第一站点可以在监听到信道处于空闲的时长到达预设时长后，才可进行数据传输，即信道处于空闲的时长达到预设时长时，才认为该信道为空闲状态。其中，预设时长可以是一个DIFS的时长。
在一些实施例中，当第一站点监听到信道处于空闲状态后，还可以先从竞争窗口中选择一个退避延时时长，并开始倒计时，在退避延时时长到达后即计时器清零时，即第一站点成功竞争到信道。若退避延时时长到达前信道被其他站点占用，则第一站点暂停计时器，等待信道再次处于空闲状态时，继续倒计时。
如前所述，预先设置竞争窗口的大小，站点可以从竞争窗口中随机选取一个退避延时时长，当然也可以按照一定的规则进行选取，例如，优先级较高的站点选择较短的退避延时时长，优先级较低的站点选择较长的退避延时时长，本发明实施例对此不作限制。当发生数据传输冲突后，可以将该竞争窗口扩大，当数据传输成功后，可以将该竞争窗口的大小恢复到初始大小。
由于第一站点在监听到信道处于空闲状态后选择一个退避延时时长，使得即使被分在同一站点组被允许使用相同时隙进行数据传输的站点同时需要进行数据传输时，根据选取的退避延时时长的长短，确定进行数据传输的先后顺序，进一步降低发生数据传输冲突的可能。
步骤505、当第一站点成功竞争到所述信道时，确定当前时隙是否为允许第一站点开始进行数据传输的时隙号对应的时隙。若是，则转入步骤506；否 则，转入步骤507。
如前所述，第一站点从接入点处获取到允许第一站点开始进行数据传输的时隙号，第一站点根据这些时隙号确定是否被允许在当前时隙上开始进行数据传输。
步骤506、若第一站点确定当前时隙为允许第一站点开始进行数据传输的时隙号对应的时隙，则第一站点在当前时隙占用信道向接入点进行数据传输。
步骤507、若第一站点确定当前时隙不是允许第一站点开始进行数据传输的时隙号对应的时隙，则第一站点等待允许第一站点开始进行数据传输的时隙号对应的时隙到来时，占用信道立即进行数据传输。
在一些实施例中，第一站点在等待期间也要时刻监听信道是否空闲，若第一站点在等待期间监听到有其他站点占用信道进行数据传输，那么第一站点仍需等待其他站点数据传输结束之后，且在信道空闲时长达到预设时长后，且允许第一站点开始进行数据传输的时隙到来时，占用信道开始进行数据传输。
在另外一些实施例中，第一站点在等待期间也可以不对信道进行监听，待允许第一站点开始进行数据传输的时隙到来时，再监听信道是否处于空闲状态，若信道为空闲状态，则第一站点占用信道进行数据传输，否则第一站点仍需等待，等到信道处于空闲状态且允许第一站点进行数据传输的时隙到来时，占用信道开始进行数据传输。
在本发明上述实施例中，接入点为第一站点配置允许第一站点开始占用信道进行数据传输的时隙号，以使第一站点在被允许开始进行数据传输的时隙号对应的时隙上开始数据传输，减少多个站点同时占用信道传输数据导致数据传输失败的情况发生。此外，还可以对接入该接入点的站点进行分组，如根据站点进行数据传输的优先级进行分组，为一组站点配置相同的允许开始进行数据传输的时隙号，进一步实现了在不影响传输效率的同时，减少多个站点占用同一信道传输数据时发生冲突的情况。
为了更清楚的了解本发明实施例提供的点到多点的信道分配方法，下面 以具体的实施例进行说明。
实施例1、
接入点根据站点的AID的奇偶性对站点进行分组，即AID为奇数的站点被分为一组，AID为偶数的站点被分为一组。接入点为AID为奇数的站点组中的站点配置时隙号为奇数的时隙，即AID为奇数的站点被允许在时隙号为奇数的时隙号对应的时隙上占用信道进行数据传输；接入点为AID为偶数的站点组中的站点配置时隙号为偶数的时隙，即AID为偶数的站点被允许在时隙号为偶数的时隙号对应的时隙上占用信道进行数据传输。
接入点通过Beacon帧将上述站点分组信息以及给每个站点组配置的可用时隙号广播给所有站点，以使每个站点能够获取到自身可用的时隙号。
接入点还可以将Beacon帧的周期设置为100ms，将一个时隙的时长Slot Time设置为最小时隙时长9us，即将一个Beacon帧周期划分为11112个时隙，可以用14个比特位来表示一个时隙号。接入点可以通过广播消息将上述时隙的划分规则发送给所有站点。
站点1(STA1)的AID为1，站点2(STA2)的AID为2。如图6所示，STA1和STA2同时在T1时刻需要进行数据传输，在监听到信道空闲时长到达DIFS时长(假设DIFS时长为2个时隙的时长)后，分别从竞争窗口中随机选取一个退避延时时长，为5个时隙和3个时隙，并开启计时器进行倒计时。由于STA2的退避延时时长较短，先倒计时清零，当前时隙对应的时隙号为5，由于STA2只被允许在时隙号为偶数的时隙上开始数据传输，故STA2此时不能开始进行数据传输，需要等待，当时隙号为6的时隙到来时，STA2监听到信道仍为空闲状态，故STA2在时隙号6对应的时隙上占用信道开始进行数据传输。此时，STA1监听到信道被占用，故STA1暂停倒计时，此时计时器剩余1个时隙。当STA2数据传输结束后，STA1监听信道空闲时长达到DIFS时长后，继续倒计时，在1个时隙后计时器清零，当前时隙的时隙号为13，STA1被允许在当前时隙开始进行数据传输，故STA1开始占用信道进行数据传输。
STA1和STA2同时在T2时刻再次需要进行数据传输，在监听到信道空闲时长到达DIFS时长后，分别从竞争窗口中随机选取一个退避延时时长，为4个时隙和8个时隙，并开启计时器进行倒计时。由于STA1的退避延时时长较短，先倒计时清零，当前时隙对应的时隙号为6，由于STA1只被允许在时隙号为奇数的时隙上开始数据传输，故STA1此时不能开始进行数据传输，需要等待，当时隙号为7的时隙到来时，STA1监听到信道仍为空闲状态，故STA1在时隙号7对应的时隙上占用信道开始进行数据传输。此时，STA2监听到信道被占用，故STA2暂停倒计时，此时计时器剩余3个时隙。当STA1数据传输结束后，STA2监听信道空闲时长达到DIFS时长后，继续倒计时，在3个时隙后计时器清零，当前时隙的时隙号为16，STA2被允许在当前时隙开始进行数据传输，故STA2开始占用信道进行数据传输。
实施例2、
接入点还可以将一个Beacon帧周期划分为24个时隙，时隙号为0～23。接入点可以通过广播消息将上述时隙的划分规则发送给所有站点。
接入点根据站点进行数据传输的优先级对站点进行分组，即优先级高的站点被分为一组，优先级低的站点被分为一组。接入点将时隙号为0～14的时隙分配给优先级高的站点组，将其他时隙号对应的时隙分配给优先级低的站点组。
接入点通过Beacon帧将上述站点分组信息以及给每个站点组配置的可用时隙号广播给所有站点，以使每个站点能够获取到自身可用的时隙号。
STA1为高优先级的站点，STA2和STA3为低优先级的站点。如图7所示，STA1、STA2和STA3同时在T1时刻需要进行数据传输，在监听到信道空闲时长到达DIFS时长(假设DIFS时长为2个时隙的时长)后，分别从竞争窗口中随机选取一个退避延时时长，为2个时隙、5个时隙和7个时隙，并开启计时器进行倒计时。由于STA1的退避延时时长较短，先倒计时清零，当前时隙对应的时隙号为4，STA1被允许在当前时隙上占用信道进行数据传输，故STA1在时隙号4对应的时隙上占用信道开始进行数据传输。此时，STA2 和STA3监听到信道被占用，故STA2和STA3暂停倒计时，此时分别剩余3个时隙和5个时隙。当STA1数据传输结束后，STA2和STA3监听信道空闲时长达到DIFS时长后，继续倒计时，在3个时隙后计时器清零，当前时隙的时隙号为14，而时隙号14对应的时隙为高优先级站点可用的时隙，而STA2为低优先级站点，故STA2不能在当前时隙开始进行数据传输，需要等待，当时隙号为15的时隙到来时，STA2监听到信道仍为空闲状态，故STA2在时隙号15对应的时隙上占用信道开始进行数据传输。此时，STA3监听到信道被占用，故STA3暂停倒计时，此时剩余1个时隙。当STA2数据传输结束后，STA3监听信道空闲时长达到DIFS时长后，继续倒计时，在1个时隙后计时器清零，当前时隙的时隙号为21，STA3可以在当前时隙开始进行数据传输，故STA3开始占用信道进行数据传输。
基于相同的技术构思，本发明实施例还提供了一种站点，用以实现根据本发明实施例提供的点到多点的信道分配方法占用信道进行数据传输。
参见图8，为本发明实施例提供的第一站点的结构示意图之一，如图所示，第一站点包括：监听模块801、竞争模块802、确定模块803以及传输模块804，进一步地，还站点还可以包括接收模块805。
其中，监听模块801，用于监听信道是否处于空闲状态。
竞争模块802，用于当监听模块801监听到信道处于空闲状态后，与其他站点竞争信道。其中，其他站点为接入到同一接入点的除第一站点外的其他一个或多个站点。
确定模块803，用于当竞争模块802成功竞争到信道时，确定当前时隙是否为允许第一站点开始进行数据传输的时隙号对应的时隙。
传输模块804，用于若确定模块803确定当前时隙为允许第一站点开始进行数据传输的时隙号对应的时隙，则在当前时隙占用信道向接入点进行数据传输；否则，等待允许第一站点开始进行数据传输的时隙号对应的时隙到达时，占用信道向接入点进行数据传输。
其中，上述信道为接入所述接入点的多个站点共同使用的信道。
可选地，上述允许第一站点开始进行数据传输的时隙号，是接入点发送给第一站点的。
可选地，接收模块805，具体用于接收接入点发送的广播消息，该广播消息中包括站点组的标识与允许站点组中的站点开始进行数据传输的时隙号的对应关系。第一站点将自身所在的站点组的标识在上述对应关系中对应的时隙号，作为允许第一站点开始进行数据传输的时隙号。
可选地，站点组是根据站点进行数据传输的优先级划分的，优先级高的站点组中的站点被允许开始进行数据传输的时隙号的数量大于等于优先级低的站点组中的站点被允许开始进行数据传输的时隙号的数量。
可选地，站点组还可以是根据站点的关联标识符AID的数值进行划分的。
可选地，上述竞争模块802，具体用于：确定退避延时时长，该退避延时时长为从预设的多个延时时长内选取的退避延时时长；当信道空闲状态的时长达到退避延时时长，即第一站点成功竞争到信道。
可选地，上述监听模块801在监听信道是否处于空闲状态时，具体用于：监听到信道处于空闲的时长达到预设时长，则确定信道处于空闲状态。
参见图9，为本发明实施例提供的第一站点的结构示意图之二，如图所示，第一站点包括：处理器901、存储器902、收发机903以及总线接口。
收发机903用于在处理器901的控制下接收和发送数据。
存储器902用于存储预设的程序，以及处理器901在执行操作时所使用的数据。
处理器901用于读取存储器902中保存的程序，按照该程序执行以下过程：
当监听到信道处于空闲状态后，与其他站点竞争信道；当成功竞争到信道时，确定当前时隙是否为允许第一站点开始进行数据传输的时隙号对应的时隙；若确定当前时隙为允许第一站点开始进行数据传输的时隙号对应的时隙，则在当前时隙占用信道通过收发机903向接入点进行数据传输，否则，等待允许第一站点开始进行数据传输的时隙号对应的时隙到达时，占用信道 通过收发机903向接入点进行数据传输。其中，其他站点为接入到同一接入点的除所述第一站点外的其他一个或多个站点。
其中，上述信道为接入所述接入点的多个站点共同竞争使用的信道。
可选地，上述允许第一站点开始进行数据传输的时隙号，是接入点发送给第一站点的。
可选地，处理器901，具体用于通过收发机903接收接入点发送的广播消息，该广播消息中包括站点组的标识与允许站点组中的站点开始进行数据传输的时隙号的对应关系；将自身所在的站点组的标识在上述对应关系中对应的时隙号，作为允许第一站点开始进行数据传输的时隙号。
可选地，站点组是根据站点进行数据传输的优先级划分的，优先级高的站点组中的站点被允许开始进行数据传输的时隙号的数量大于等于优先级低的站点组中的站点被允许开始进行数据传输的时隙号的数量。
可选地，站点组还可以是根据站点的关联标识符AID的数值进行划分的。
可选地，处理器901，在竞争信道时具体用于：确定退避延时时长，该退避延时时长为从预设的多个延时时长内选取的退避延时时长；当信道空闲状态的时长达到退避延时时长，即第一站点成功竞争到信道。
可选地，处理器901，在监听信道是否处于空闲状态时，具体用于：监听到信道处于空闲的时长达到预设时长，则确定信道处于空闲状态。
基于相同的技术构思，本发明实施例还提供了一种接入点，用以实现上述方法实施例。
参见图10，为本发明实施例提供的接入点的结构示意图之一，如图所示，该接入点包括：确定模块1001和发送模块1002。
其中，确定模块1001，用于确定允许接入该接入点的第一站点开始进行数据传输的时隙号。
发送模块1002，用于将确定出的时隙号发送给第一站点，以使第一站点在监听到信道处于空闲状态后，与其他站点竞争信道，在成功竞争到信道后，在被允许开始进行数据传输的时隙号对应的时隙到达时，占用所述信道向所 述接入点开始进行数据传输。其中，其他站点为接入到所述接入点的除第一站点外的其他一个或多个站点。
其中，所述信道为接入所述接入点的多个站点共同竞争使用的信道。
可选地，确定模块1001，具体用于：将接入该接入点的站点分组；为每个站点组分配允许对应该站点组中的站点开始进行数据传输的时隙号。
发送模块1002，具体用于：发送广播消息，该广播消息中包括站点组的标识与允许站点组中的站点开始进行数据传输的时隙号的对应关系。
可选地，上述站点组是根据站点进行数据传输的优先级划分的，优先级高的站点组中的站点被允许开始进行数据传输的时隙号的数量大于等于优先级低的站点组中的站点被允许开始进行数据传输的时隙号的数量。
参见图11，为本发明实施例提供的接入点的结构示意图之二，如图所示，该站点包括：处理器1101、存储器1102、收发机1103以及总线接口。
收发机1103用于在处理器1101的控制下接收和发送数据。
存储器1102用于存储预设的程序，以及处理器1101在执行操作时所使用的数据。
处理器1101用于读取存储器1102中保存的程序，按照该程序执行以下过程：
为接入的第一站点确定允许开始进行数据传输的时隙号，然后将确定出的时隙号通过收发机1103发送给第一站点，以使第一站点在监听到信道处于空闲状态后与其他站点竞争信道，在成功竞争到信道后，在允许开始进行数据传输的时隙号对应的时隙到达时，占用信道向接入点开始传输数据。其中，上述信道为接入该接入点的多个站点共同使用的信道。其中，其他站点为接入到所述接入点的除第一站点外的其他一个或多个站点。
可选地，处理器1101在为接入的第一站点确定允许开始进行数据传输的时隙号时，具体用于：将接入该接入点的站点分组；为每个站点组分配允许对应该站点组中的站点开始进行数据传输的时隙号；通过收发机1103发送广播消息，该广播消息中包括站点组的标识与允许站点组中的站点开始进行数 据传输的时隙号的对应关系。
可选地，上述站点组可以是根据站点进行数据传输的优先级划分的，优先级高的站点组中的站点被允许开始进行数据传输的时隙号的数量大于等于优先级低的站点组中的站点被允许开始进行数据传输的时隙号的数量。
基于相同的技术构思，本发明实施例还提供了一种点到多点的系统，用以实现减少多个站点竞争信道时发生数据传输冲突的情况。该系统包括如上所述的一个接入点，以及N个如上所述的站点，其中，N为大于1的整数。
本发明是参照根据本发明实施例的方法、设备(系统)、和计算机程序产品的流程图和/或方框图来描述的。应理解可由计算机程序指令实现流程图和/或方框图中的每一流程和/或方框、以及流程图和/或方框图中的流程和/或方框的结合。可提供这些计算机程序指令到通用计算机、专用计算机、嵌入式处理机或其他可编程数据处理设备的处理器以产生一个机器，使得通过计算机或其他可编程数据处理设备的处理器执行的指令产生用于实现在流程图一个流程或多个流程和/或方框图一个方框或多个方框中指定的功能的装置。
这些计算机程序指令也可存储在能引导计算机或其他可编程数据处理设备以特定方式工作的计算机可读存储器中，使得存储在该计算机可读存储器中的指令产生包括指令装置的制造品，该指令装置实现在流程图一个流程或多个流程和/或方框图一个方框或多个方框中指定的功能。
这些计算机程序指令也可装载到计算机或其他可编程数据处理设备上，使得在计算机或其他可编程设备上执行一系列操作步骤以产生计算机实现的处理，从而在计算机或其他可编程设备上执行的指令提供用于实现在流程图一个流程或多个流程和/或方框图一个方框或多个方框中指定的功能的步骤。
尽管已描述了本发明的优选实施例，但本领域内的技术人员一旦得知了基本创造性概念，则可对这些实施例作出另外的变更和修改。所以，所附权利要求意欲解释为包括优选实施例以及落入本发明范围的所有变更和修改。
显然，本领域的技术人员可以对本发明进行各种改动和变型而不脱离本发明的精神和范围。这样，倘若本发明的这些修改和变型属于本发明权利要求及其等同技术的范围之内，则本发明也意图包含这些改动和变型在内。

Claims (21)

  1. 一种点到多点的信道分配方法，应用于多个站点接入到一个接入点的场景中，其特征在于，包括：
    第一站点监听到信道处于空闲状态后，与其他站点竞争所述信道；所述其他站点为接入到所述接入点的除所述第一站点外的其他一个或多个站点；
    当所述第一站点成功竞争到所述信道时，确定当前时隙是否为允许所述第一站点开始进行数据传输的时隙号对应的时隙；
    若所述第一站点确定当前时隙为允许所述第一站点开始进行数据传输的时隙号对应的时隙，所述第一站点在所述当前时隙占用所述信道向所述接入点进行数据传输；否则，等待允许所述第一站点开始进行数据传输的时隙号对应的时隙到达时，占用所述信道向所述接入点进行数据传输。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述允许所述第一站点开始进行数据传输的时隙号，是所述接入点发送给所述第一站点的。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括：
    所述第一站点接收所述接入点发送的广播消息，所述广播消息中包括站点组的标识与允许站点组中的站点开始进行数据传输的时隙号的对应关系；
    所述第一站点将自身所在的站点组的标识在所述对应关系中对应的时隙号，作为允许所述第一站点开始进行数据传输的时隙号。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的方法，其特征在于，所述站点组是根据站点进行数据传输的优先级划分的，优先级高的站点组中的站点被允许开始进行数据传输的时隙号的数量大于等于优先级低的站点组中的站点被允许开始进行数据传输的时隙号的数量。
  5. 如权利要求3所述的方法，其特征在于，所述站点组是根据站点的关联标识符AID的数值进行划分的。
  6. 如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一站点与其他站点竞争所述信道，包括：
    所述第一站点确定退避延时时长，所述退避延时时长为从预设的多个延时时长内选取的退避延时时长；
    当所述信道空闲状态的时长达到所述退避延时时长，所述第一站点成功竞争到所述信道。
  7. 如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一站点监听到信道处于空闲状态，包括：
    所述第一站点监听到所述信道处于空闲的时长达到预设时长。
  8. 一种点到多点的信道分配方法，应用于多个站点接入到一个接入点的场景中，其特征在于，包括：
    接入点确定允许接入所述接入点的第一站点开始进行数据传输的时隙号；
    所述接入点将确定出的时隙号发送给所述第一站点，以使所述第一站点在监听到信道处于空闲状态后与其他站点竞争所述信道，在成功竞争到信道后，在被允许开始进行数据传输的时隙号对应的时隙到达时，占用所述信道向所述接入点开始进行数据传输；所述其他站点为接入到所述接入点的除所述第一站点外的其他一个或多个站点。
  9. 如权利要求8所述的方法，其特征在于，所述接入点确定允许接入所述接入点的第一站点开始进行数据传输的时隙号，包括：
    所述接入点将接入所述接入点的站点分组；
    所述接入点为每个站点组分配允许对应该站点组中的站点开始进行数据传输的时隙号；
    所述接入点将确定出的时隙号发送给所述第一站点，包括：
    所述接入点发送广播消息，所述广播消息中包括站点组的标识与允许站点组中的站点开始进行数据传输的时隙号的对应关系。
  10. 如权利要求9所述的方法，其特征在在于，所述站点组是根据站点进行数据传输的优先级划分的，优先级高的站点组中的站点被允许开始进行数据传输的时隙号的数量大于等于优先级低的站点组中的站点被允许开始进 行数据传输的时隙号的数量。
  11. 一种站点，应用于多个站点接入到一个接入点的场景中，所述站点作为第一站点，其特征在于，包括：
    监听模块，用于监听信道是否处于空闲状态；
    竞争模块，用于当所述监听模块监听到信道处于空闲状态后，与其他站点竞争所述信道；所述其他站点为接入到所述接入点的除所述第一站点外的其他一个或多个站点；
    确定模块，用于当成功竞争到所述信道时，确定当前时隙是否为允许所述第一站点开始进行数据传输的时隙号对应的时隙；
    传输模块，用于若所述确定模块确定当前时隙为允许所述第一站点开始进行数据传输的时隙号对应的时隙，在所述当前时隙占用所述信道向所述接入点进行数据传输；否则，等待允许所述第一站点开始进行数据传输的时隙号对应的时隙到达时，占用所述信道向所述接入点进行数据传输。
  12. 如权利要求11所述的站点，其特征在于，所述允许所述第一站点开始进行数据传输的时隙号，是所述接入点发送给所述第一站点的。
  13. 如权利要求12所述的站点，其特征在于，还包括：接收模块，用于：
    接收所述接入点发送的广播消息，所述广播消息中包括站点组的标识与允许站点组中的站点开始进行数据传输的时隙号的对应关系；
    将自身所在的站点组的标识在所述对应关系中对应的时隙号，作为允许所述第一站点开始进行数据传输的时隙号。
  14. 如权利要求13所述的站点，其特征在于，所述站点组是根据站点进行数据传输的优先级划分的，优先级高的站点组中的站点被允许开始进行数据传输的时隙号的数量大于等于优先级低的站点组中的站点被允许开始进行数据传输的时隙号的数量。
  15. 如权利要求13所述的站点，其特征在在于，所述站点组是根据站点的关联标识符AID的数值进行划分的。
  16. 如权利要求11所述的站点，其特征在于，所述竞争模块，具体用于：
    确定退避延时时长，所述退避延时时长为从预设的多个延时时长内选取的退避延时时长；
    当所述信道空闲状态的时长达到所述退避延时时长，所述第一站点成功竞争到所述信道。
  17. 如权利要求11所述的站点，其特征在于，所述监听模块在监听信道是否处于空闲状态时，具体用于：
    监听到所述信道处于空闲的时长达到预设时长，则确定所述信道处于空闲状态。
  18. 一种接入点，应用于多个站点接入到一个接入点的场景中，其特征在于，包括：
    确定模块，用于确定允许接入所述接入点的第一站点开始进行数据传输的时隙号；
    发送模块，用于将确定出的时隙号发送给所述第一站点，以使所述第一站点在监听到信道处于空闲状态后与其他站点竞争信道，在成功竞争到信道后，在被允许开始进行数据传输的时隙号对应的时隙到达时，占用所述信道向所述接入点开始进行数据传输；所述其他站点为接入到所述接入点的除所述第一站点外的其他一个或多个站点。
  19. 如权利要求18所述的接入点，其特征在于，所述确定模块，具体用于：
    将接入所述接入点的站点分组；为每个站点组分配允许对应该站点组中的站点开始进行数据传输的时隙号；
    所述发送模块，具体用于：
    发送广播消息，所述广播消息中包括站点组的标识与允许站点组中的站点开始进行数据传输的时隙号的对应关系。
  20. 如权利要求19所述的接入点，其特征在于，所述站点组是根据站点进行数据传输的优先级划分的，优先级高的站点组中的站点被允许开始进行数据传输的时隙号的数量大于等于优先级低的站点组中的站点被允许开始进 行数据传输的时隙号的数量。
  21. 一种点到多点的系统，其特征在于，包括一个如权利要求18至20中任一项所述的接入点和N个如权利要求11至17中任一项所述的站点，其中，N为大于1的整数。
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