WO2018106258A1

WO2018106258A1 - End of service life indicator for a disposable face mask.

Info

Publication number: WO2018106258A1
Application number: PCT/US2016/065820
Authority: WO
Inventors: Sanghoon Hur; Hyungwoo Baek; HyangSu SHIN; Jeffrey Lee
Original assignee: Honeywell International Inc
Current assignee: Honeywell International Inc
Priority date: 2016-12-09
Filing date: 2016-12-09
Publication date: 2018-06-14
Anticipated expiration: 2019-06-09

Abstract

Embodiments relate generally to end of service life devices to allow for determination of the end of service life of a typically disposable face mask (e.g. a disposable dust/filter mask). Generally, the embodiments may comprise a pressure sensor and one or more end of service life detectors (e.g. a gas sensor, a particle sensor, a timer, etc.) which operate based on the pressure sensor to determine when the face mask is no longer effective (e.g. filtration of the face mask is not adequately preventing dust and/or gas from entering through the face mask and/or the estimated life span of the face mask has been reached).

Description

END OF SERVICE LIFE INDICATOR FOR A DISPOSABLE FACE MASK

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0001] Not applicable.

STATEMENT REGARDING FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH OR DEVELOPMENT

[0002] Not applicable.

REFERENCE TO A MICROFICHE APPENDIX [0003] Not applicable.

FIELD

[0004] Embodiments generally relate to end of sendee life indicator devices to allow for determination of the end of service iife of a face mask (and more specifically relate to removable end of sendee life indicator devices which can be removably attached to the disposable face masks).

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 0005[ For a more complete understanding of the present disclosure, reference is now made to the following brief description, taken in connection with the accompanying drawings and detailed description, wherein like reference numerals represent like parts. [0006] FIG. 1 A illustrates a perspective view of a user wearing an exemplary embodiment of a face mask comprising an exemplary embodiment of an end of service life indicator device; [0007] FIG. I B illustrates a side view of an exemplary embodiment of an end of service life indicator device configured for attachment to a face mask and for wireless communication with a handheld/portable de vi ce; Θ008] FIG. 2 A illustrates a schematic of an exemplary embodiment of an end of sendee life detector comprising one housing element which encloses a pressure sensor and one end of service life detector; [0009] FIG. 2B illustrates a schematic of an exemplary embodiment of an end of service life detector device comprising two housing elements which enclose elements similar to the ones in the embodiment of FIG. 2A;

[0010] FIG. 3 A illustrates a schematic of an exemplary embodiment of an end of service life indicator device comprising one housing element which encloses a pressure sensor, one end of service life detector, a power supply, a processor, a wireless means of communication, an alert mechanism, and a means of attachment;

[0011] FIG. 3B illustrates a schematic of an exemplary embodiment of an end of service life indicator device comprising two housing elements which enclose elements similar to the ones in the embodiment of FIG. 3 A;

[0012] FIG. 4A illustrates a schematic of an exemplary embodiment of an end of service life indicator device comprising two housing elements, a pressure sensor, three end of service life detectors, one or more alert mechanism, a button, a power source, a processor, a wireless means of communication, and a means of removable attachment; and

[0013] FIG. 4B illustrates a schematic of an exemplary embodiment of an end of service life indicator device comprising one housing which encloses elements similar to the one shown in the embodiment of FIG. 4 A.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0014] It should be understood at the outset that although illustrative implementations of one or more embodiments are illustrated below, the disclosed systems and methods may be implemented using any number of techniques, whether currently known or not yet in existence. The disclosure should in no way be limited to the illustrative implementations, drawings, and techniques illustrated below, but may be modified within the scope of the appended claims along with their full scope of equivalents.

[0015] The following brief definition of terms shall apply throughout the application: [0016] The term "comprising" means including but not limited to, and should be interpreted m the manner it is typically used in the patent context;

[0017] The phrases "in one embodiment," "according to one embodiment," and the like generally mean that the particular feature, structure, or characteristic following the phrase may be included in at least one embodiment of the present invention, and may be included in more than one embodiment of the present invention (importantly, such phrases do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment);

[001.8] If the specification describes something as "exemplar '" or an "example," it should be understood that refers to a on-exclusive example;

[0019] The terms "about" or "approximately" or the like, when used with a number, may mean that specific number, or alternatively, a range in proximity to the specific number, as understood by persons of skill in the art field (for example, +/- 10%); and

[0020] If the specification states a component or feature "may," "can," "could," "should," "would," "preferably," "possibly," "typically," "optionally," "for example," "often," or "might" (or other such language) be included or have a characteristic, that particular component or feature is not required to be included or to have the characteristic. Such component or feature may be optionally included in some embodiments, or it may be excluded.

[0021] The embodiments of this disclosure typically relate to end of service life devices for use with face masks, for example, to allow determination of the end of service life of the face mask. Typically, the face masks may comprise a disposable face mask which may be a filtration face mask that does not comprise cartridges and/or may not be a powered face mask. Conventionally, users may wear the face mask until they determine the face mask is not doing an adequate job in preventing gas and/or dust (or other particles) from entering into the user^'s respiratory system. However, this method of determining when a face mask should be disposed/replaced is subjective, and if improper judgment is used, the user may be damaging his/her respirator}' system over a period of time. Additionally, the user may be disposing/replacing the face mask sooner than its expected end of service life. This may increase costs and waste associated with using more than the required amount of face masks within a certain period of time. Typically, such disposable masks have not had an objective means to determine end of service life. Thus, the Applicants have constructed a device comprising a pressure sensor and/or one or more end of service life detectors to warn the user when replacement of the face mask is necessary' or advisable. The end of service life detectors may, for example, warn the user when the gas concentration levels and/or the particle levels within the face mask are too high (e.g. the filtration is no longer working) while the face mask is being used. The pressure sensor may detect when the user is wearing the mask, calculate the time the mask has been worn (cumulatively), and warn the user when a pre-set/pre-determined life expectancy of the face mask is approaching/reached. Thus, disclosed embodiments may allow for an objective method of determining replacement of a disposable face mask, and may address one or more of such issues in an attempt to maximize the usable life of a disposable face mask, as well as prevent damage to the user (for example, from overly long-term use of a face mask with inadequate filtration). And in the context of disposable masks, allowing the end of service life indicator device to be removably attached may offer this type of benefit for disposable masks; since, otherwise, such detectors may be cost prohibitive.

[0022] Disclosed embodiments relate to end of sen-ice life devices for use with face masks (typically, disposable face masks comprising a filter). In this disclosure, the face masks typically would not be powered face masks and/or typically may not comprise filtration cartridges. Disclosed end of service life indicator devices may comprise a pressure sensor and one or more end of service life detectors. Typically, the end of service life indicator device may be removably attached to the face mask (for example, via a connector element in some embodiments). Additionally, in some embodiments, the end of service life indicator device may be located on the interior part of the mask (e.g. the side closest to the user's nose and mouth) and may be located near the user's nose and mouth. This may be because the one or more end of service life detectors and the pressure sensor may function more effectively if located near the user's nose and mouth due to the airflow occurring as the user breathes in and out while wearing the face mask. Typically, the closer the end of service life detectors may be to the user's nose and'Or mouth, the more accurate the data gathered by the end of service life detectors may be. Thus, in some embodiments, the end of service life indicator device may be entirely located within the interior part of the mask (e.g. the end of service life indicator device may only comprise an inner housing). In other embodiments, the end of service life indicator device may be located within the interior part of the mask as well as the outer part of the mask (e.g. the end of service life indicator device may comprise an inner housing and an outer housing, with portions of the device (in the inner housing) located within the face mask and portions of the end of sendee life indicator device (in the outer housing) located outside the face mask). Generally, in both of the embodiments discussed immediately above, the inner housing would comprise the pressure sensor and any end of sendee life detector(s) which may operate via sensors (e.g. gas sensor, particle sensor, etc.).

[0023] Typically, the pressure sensor may be configured to fit within the housing and sense a (significant) variation in pressure. Typically, the (significant) variation in pressure would generally be a result/indicative of the user wearing the face mask. An additional/different change in pressure may occur when the user removes the face mask (e.g. indicative the user is not wearing the face mask). Thus, in some embodiments, the pressure sensor may act as the initiating and terminating (e.g. starting and stopping) element of the end of sendee life indicator device. In other words, responsive to detecting a significant change in pressure, the pressure sensor may send an input pressure signal to the processor (or directly to the end of service life detectors) which may alert the processor to instruct the one or more end of service life detectors to initiate/begin collecting/gathering data. The data being gathered may be based on the type of end of service life detector being used. Thus, for example, in some embodiments, the end of service life detector may be a gas sensor. The gas sensor may gather/collect data about the gas concentration level within the mask (e.g. over a period of time (e.g. every 5 seconds, 10 seconds, 30 seconds, 1 minute, etc.)). In other embodiments, the end of service life detector may be or include a particle sensor. The particle sensor may gather/collect data about the particle particulate level within the mask (e.g. over a period of time (e.g. every 5 seconds, 10 seconds, 30 seconds, 1 minute, etc.)). Additionally, in some embodiments, the end of service life detector may be or include a timer. The timer may communicate the current (run) time of the face mask usage to the processor to allow the processor to, for example, determine the remaining life expectancy of the face mask (by adding current run time for usage of the face mask to any- pre-existing usage time of the face mask (stored by the processor) and comparing the total usage (cumulative) time with the pre-set pre-determined average life expectancy of the face mask).

[0024] In embodiments comprising one housing element, typically the end of service life detector device may comprise: a housing, a processor, a pressure sensor, at least one end of service life detector, a power source, an alert mechanism, and an attachment element. Generally, the housing encompasses/contains/encloses all the elements (with the potential exception of the attachment element, which may be located externally on the housing in some embodiments) and may have an opening to allow the pressure sensor and/or the at least one end of service life detector device (which may be additional sensors) to interact with the air within the face mask. In embodiments comprising one housing element, the pressure sensor may be configured to interact with the processor by sending an input pressure signal once (e.g. responsive to) a significant change (e.g. decrease or increase) in pressure is detected. This may instinct the processor to further instruct the at least one end of service life detectors to begin operation (e.g. begin collecting/gathering data and send to the processor). In other embodiments, the pressure sensor signal may directly communicate with the end of service life detectors (as opposed to the indirect communication via the processor discussed above). The processor may then receive feedback (e.g. end of service life detector data/input) from the at least one end of service life detector. Once the processor determines that a certain threshold (e.g. gas concentration threshold and/or particle threshold and/or expected lifespan, depending on the corresponding end of service life detector) has been exceeded, the processor may instruct the alert mechanism to notify the user to replace the face mask, in some embodiments, the alert mechanism may comprise a buzzer, light emitting diodes (LEDs), etc. Typically, such LEDs may comprise one or more various colors (e.g. blue, red, green) to indicate to the user the status of the face mask (e.g. red indicating replace the face mask, green indicating the face mask is ready for use, blue indicating there is an issue the user may look further into (such as the batter ' needs to be replaced)). Additionally, in some embodiments, there may be a wireless communication element, such as a Bluetooth transceiver. This may allow the user to use a handheld/portable device (such as smartphone or laptop) with the end of service life indicator device. The handheld/portable device may function as an alert mechanism by allowing the user to see/track the current data being collected (e.g. gas concentration, particle levels, pressure, remaining time estimate, etc.). In some embodiments, the end of sendee life indicator device may be able to predict the amount of time remaining before the face mask needs to be replaced (by computing/finding correlations between, for example, time and gas concentration levels based on the gas concentration levels collected thus far and/or based on a timer indicative of the time the face mask has been worn).

[0025] Further, in embodiments comprising one housing, the power source (e.g. battery) may be configured to interact with (e.g. supply power to) the processor, the pressure sensor, the at least one end of service life detector, and the alert mechanism (and, if present, the wireless communication element). Additionally, in embodiments comprising one housing element, the means of attachment may comprise Velcro, snap-joint, adhesive, magnets, sensor threads, (other removable attachment means), etc. Persons of skill will appreciate other (removable) attachment elements which may make it easy for the user to removably attach and detach the end of service life indicator device from the face mask. This may be particularly helpful for disposable masks.

[0026] In embodiments comprising two housing elements, typically the end of service life detector device may comprise: an inner housing, an outer housing, at least one processor, a press ure sensor, at least one end of service life detector, a power source, an alert mechanism, and an attachment element (and, typically, the attachment element may be operable to allow electrical communication across the inner housing and the outer housing (e.g. spanning the filtration material of the mask), in addition to removably attaching the housing(s) to the face mask). It is important to note that the attachment element for embodiments comprising two housing elements may vary significantly from embodiments which comprise only one housing element. This may be because the attachment element in embodiments comprising two housing elements may need to be configured to allow electrical communication (e.g. of power and/or signals) between the inner housing and the outer housing. For example, in some embodiments, there may by one power source (for example, located in the outer housing). To provide power to the elements enclosed within the inner housing, the power source may typically need to be able to provide electricity via the attachment element. Additionally, for example, in some embodiments, there may be only one processor. The one processor which may, for example, be located in the outer housing may need to receive communication/signals from elements such as the pressure sensor and the one or more end of service life detectors (e.g. sensors) located in the inner housing. Thus, generally, embodiments comprising an inner housing and an outer housing would comprise a connector element (to allow electrical communication). In other words, the connector element electrically linking the inner and outer housing, may also serve as the attachment element (e.g. the attachment element in such embodiments may be a connector). In some embodiments, the connector element may comprise pins operable to transmit electricity (e.g. electrically conductive material such as copper which may plug into the corresponding receiving element/receptacles). The pins may, for example, be located on the portion of the connector element located on the connector element of the inner housing (with the corresponding receptacle, with matching openings located on the outer housing portion of the connector element). The pins may then pierce through the filtration of the face mask (to removably attach/affix the housing(s) onto the face mask) and fit into/insert into similarly sized apertures located on the connector element of the outer housing. In other embodiments, the pins may, for example, be located on the connector element of the outer housing. The pins may then pierce through the filtration of the face mask and fit into/insert into similarly sized apertures located on the connector element of the inner housing. In this manner, electrical communication may exist between all of the elements of the end of service life indicator device. Additionally, in some embodiments, the connector element may further comprise a gasket. Typically, the gasket may be configured to prevent dust and/or gas from entering the end of service life indicator device, for example surrounding any penetration of the mask (filtration material) (e.g. by the connector/pins). litis may seal the mask (so no inadvertent entry of contaminants may occur at the point of attachment) and/or increase the service life of the end of sendee life indicator device by preventing electrical malfunctioning within the end of service life indicator device by, for example, too much accumulation of dust/particles/particulates. This may also prevent the user from having to open and clean the device. In some embodiments, the attachment element between the inner housing and the outer housing may comprise magnets (e.g. to removably attach and/or to provide a means of electrical communication, for example, via induction). Persons of skill will appreciate other materials and/or methods of uniting the inner housing to the outer housing while also enabling some means of electrical communication between the two housing elements. [0027] In some embodiments comprising two housing elements, the end of sen-ice life indicator device may comprise two processors. For example, one processor may be located within the inner housing, and the other processor may be located within the outer housing. In this case, each processor may be configured to perform separate tasks (while maintaining communication with each other). For example, the processor within the inner housing may be configured to receive input signals (e.g. pressure input signals, gas input signals, particle input signals, etc.) from the pressure sensor and/or the one or more end of service life detectors (e.g. sensors). For example, the processor within the outer housing may be configured to receive instructions from the processor within the inner housing. In some embodiments, these instructions may comprise instructing the alert mechanism to notify the user of the status of the face mask. Additionally, the processor within the outer housing may be configured to send wireless signals to the wireless communication element. In this manner, a user may receive notifications on his/her handheld/portable device (via the wireless communication element sending wireless signals to the user's handheld/portable device).

[0028] Typically, in some embodiments, the end of service life indicator device may compri se a reset element operable/configured to reset the end of service life indicator device (for example, resetting the timer). In some embodiments, the reset may comprise a button to accomplish this task. For example, the user may press the button after replacing the face mask and attaching the end of service life indicator device to the new face mask. In some embodiments, to prevent the user from accidentally pressing the button during use of the face mask, the button/reset element may compnse a locking element. The locking element may be configured to allow the user to turn the button (e.g. 90 degrees) before being able to depress the button. In other embodiments, the end of service life indicator device may be reset via a handheld'portabie device (in the case that the end of service life indicator device comprises a means of wireless communication). Also, in some embodiments which comprise two housing elements, the end of service life indicator device maybe be configured to automatically reset once the user detaches the inner housing from the outer housing while in process of replacing the face mask. Persons of skill will appreciate other forms of resetting the end of service life indicator device which may prevent the user from accidentally resetting the device before the disposable face mask needs to be replaced.

[0029] In an exemplary embodiment, the end of service life indicator device may comprise a pressure sensor, a timer, and at least one sensor (with the timer perhaps acting as the primar ' end of service life detector and the sensor acting as a backing/fallback, for example, but typically an alert being sent if either indicates end of service life). For example, in some embodiments, the end of service life indicator device may comprise a pressure sensor and three end of service life detectors. The three end of service life detectors may comprise a timer, a gas sensor, and a particle sensor. In use, the user may attach the end of service life indicator device to a disposable face mask via the attachment element. If the end of service life indicator device compri ses two housings, the user may need to make sure the housing comprising the pressure sensor and additional end of service life detectors (which may be sensors) are located within the interior of the face mask. Typically, the user may want to attach the end of service life indicator device near the user's nose and mouth. The user may then wear the face mask. When the user wears the face mask, the pressure sensor would typically sense a significant change in pressure. This may cause the pressure sensor to send an input pressure signal to the processor. The processor may then instruct the end of service life detector(s) to begin/initiate operation. In other words, the timer may begin tracking time and communicating time data to the processor. The gas sensor may begin sensing the gas concentration levels and communicating the input gas levels to the processor. The particle sensor may begin sensing the particle/particulate levels within the face mask and communicating the input particle levels to the processor. The processor may then be configured to aggregate the time data to determine the overall total time the mask has been worn (and compare this to the estimated lifespan of the face mask). Additionally, the processor may be configured to compare the input gas levels and the input particle levels with the pre-set/pre-defined gas threshold levels and particle threshold levels, respectively. The processor may then be configured to alert the user to replace the face mask based on whichever of the following possible scenarios occurs first: the processor may determine the running time (e.g. the total time the face mask has been worn) exceeds the estimated life expectancy of the disposable face mask (which may be a pre-set/pre-defined value), the processor may determine the gas concentration level (from the input gas signals received by the processor) exceeds a pre-set/pre-defined gas concentration level (indicative of end of service life), and/or the processor may determine the particle level (from the input particle signals received by the processor) exceeds a pre-set/pre-defined particle level (indicative of end of service life). In this manner, there may be (in some embodiments) three means of determining when the face mask is no longer protecting the user from unacceptable levels of gas and/or particles (and a warning would typically be given at the first indication). Once the user determines he/she needs to replace the mask, the user may detach the end of sendee life indicator device from the face mask, dispose of the face mask, provide/procure a new face mask, attach the end of service life indicator device to the new face mask, and reset the end of service life indicator. While persons of skill should understand the disclosed embodiments based on the above disclosure, the following figures may provide specific examples that may further clarify the disclosure.

[0030] Turning now to the drawings, FIG. 1A illustrates a perspective view of a user wearing an exemplary embodiment of a face mask 140 comprising an exemplary embodiment of an end of service life indicator device 100. As shown in FIG. 1A, the exemplary embodiment of the end of service life indicator device 100 is removably attached (with at least a portion being exterior to) the disposable face mask 140 near the user's nose and mouth. The proximity to the user' s nose and mouth may make it easier for the end of service life indicator device 140 (e.g. the

iz portion interior to the mask) to more accurately /easily implement the one or more end of service life detectors to, for example, detect the gas concentration levels (via, for example, a gas sensor) and/or the particle levels (via, for example, a particle sensor) due to the direct air flow occurring m and out of the user's nose and/or mouth. Additionally, it is important to note that the embodiment of the face mask 140 shown in FIG. 1 A is a filtration mask that is not a powered mask and does not comprise filtration cartridges. In the embodiment of FIG. 1A, the end of service life indicator device 100 is re-usable. In other words, the user may remove the end of service life indicator device 100 from the face mask 140, and (after resetting) the user may use the same end of service life indicator device 100 with a new (disposable) face mask 140. In some embodiments, the end of service life indicator device 100 may additionally comprise an inner housing (not shown in FIG. 1 A, but see for example FIG. IB) which may be configured to attach to the outer housing shown in the exemplary embodiment of FIG 1A. Typically, the inner housing would comprise one or more end of service life detectors (such as the gas sensor and the particle sensor) and the pressure sensor. Generally, the end of sendee life detectors and the pressure sensor would be located inside (e.g. on the inner/interior part of) the face mask to ensure the appropriate pressure change (due to the user putting on/taking off the mask 140) is being detected and/or the appropriate user exposure of, for example, the gas concentration level and/or the particle level is being detected by the end of service life detectors. Thus, in some embodiments (as shown for example in FIG. IB), the end of service life indicator device 100 may comprise an inner housing, an outer housing, and an attachment element (to join the inner housing to the outer housing by, for example, piercing through the disposable face mask 140) configured for use with a disposable face mask 140.

[0031] FIG. IB illustrates a side, cross-section schematic view of an exemplary embodiment of an end of service life indicator device 100 configured for attachment to a face mask 140 and, m some embodiments, for wireless communication with a handheld/portable device 130. As shown in the embodiment of FIG. IB, the face mask 140 may be a disposable filtration mask similar to the one shown in F G. 1A. The exemplary embodiment of the end of service life indicator device 100 shown in FIG. IB comprises an inner housing 101 and an outer housing 102. The embodiments shown in FIG. IB may not be shown to scale (e.g. namely schematic in nature). Thus, the inner housing 101 and outer housing 102 may typically be of smaller size so that the end of service life indicator device 100 does not interfere with the user's face and/or hinder air flow within the face mask 140 and/or interfere with the comfort of the face mask 140 (e.g. by increasing the tension on the user's ears due to an increase in weight of the face mask 140). In the embodiment of the end of service life indicator device 100 shown in FIG. IB, the inner housing 10! and the outer housing 102 jointly comprise a connector element 120. Typically, the connector element 120 may connect/unite the inner housing 101 and the outer housing 102 by piercing through the face mask 140 (and may provide electrical communication between and may removably attach the housing to the mask). In the embodiment shown in FIG. IB, the connector element 120 comprises pins. The pins of the connector element 120 may be located on the inner housing 101 and pierce through the face mask 140 to enter into similarly sized apertures on the outer housing 102 (as sho n in FIG. IB). In some other embodiments, the pins of the connector element 120 may be located on the outer housing 102 and pierce through the face mask 140 to enter into similarly sized apertures on the inner housing 101. In the embodiment shown in FIG. IB, the connector element 120 may additionally comprises a gasket (e.g. surrounding the connector). Typically, the gasket may serve to prevent dust and/or gas and/or elements from within the surrounding environment to enter the end of service life indicator device 100 and/or the mask at the point of attachment. This may prevent the end of service life indicator device 100 from malfunctioning and may increase its lifetime. Once the inner housing 101 and the outer housing 102 are connected via the connector element 120, in some embodiments, there may exist a means of electrical communication across the connector element 120. In other words, the power source/battery 106 shown in the outer housing 102 in FIG. IB may provide power to the elements within the outer housing 102 and the inner housing 101. Thus, typically, the power source 106 would be able to power the pressure sensor 103 and the one or more end of service life detectors 104, 105 located within the inner housing 101 shown in FIG. IB. Additionally , as shown FIG. IB, the processor 108a located within the inner housing 101 may interact-'communicate with the processor 108b located withm the outer housing 102 via the connector element 120 comprising a means of electrical communication. In some embodiments, it may also be appropriate to have only one processor (e.g. with the end of service life detector communicating to the processor in the outer housing via the connector).

Θ032] Additionally, in FIG. IB, the end of service life indicator device 100 comprises a plurality of alert mechanisms and a button 107 (serving as reset, for example). Typically, the alert mechanism may comprise a buzzer 112 and/or LEDs 1 13. Generally, the alert mechanism may be located withm the outer housing 102. For example, the buzzer 112 may be located within the outer housing 102 to allow the user to more clearly hear the buzzer 1 12 than if it may be located withm the inner housing 101. Also, for example, the LEDs 113 may be located within the outer housing 102 so that people within the surrounding environment may be able to warn, the user of any problems (e.g. the LEDs 113 indicating a red light which may indicate the mask 140 needs replacement). Additionally, the LEDs 113 may be located on the outer housing 102 so that the user may easily check the status of the end of service life indicator device 100 before putting on the mask 140. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 B, the outer housing 102 comprises a button 107. Typically, the button 107 may allow the user to reset the end of service life indicator device 100. Generally, the user would typically reset the end of service life indicator device 100 after attaching it to a new face mask 100. To prevent accidental reset (e.g. by depressing the button 107), in some embodiments, there may exist a locking element with the button 107. For example, the button 107 may require turning by the user before being able to depress it. [0033] FIG. 2A illustrates a schematic of an exemplar}⁷ embodiment of an end of service life detector device 200 comprising (only) one housing element 201 (e.g. the entire device is located within the mask), a pressure sensor 203, and one end of service life detector. In the embodiment of FIG. 2A, the end of service life detector is a timer 209. Also, in the embodiment shown in FIG. 2A, there is only one housing element 201 which may generally be located within the inner part of the face mask 240. This may be because the pressure sensor 203 generally must be located within the face mask 240 when the user puts on and takes off the face mask 240. The pressure sensor 203 may be configured to detect a significant change in pressure when the user puts on the face mask 240. Tims, typically, the processor 208 (or the timer directly in some embodiments) may be configured to initiate timing via the timer 209 once the pressure sensor 203 detects a significant change in pressure. For example, the pressure sensor 203 would typically be configured to communicate an input pressure signal to the processor 208 (or timer directly) if a certain level of pressure change has been reached/exceeded. In other words, the pressure sensor 203 may be configured to communicate with the processor 208 if, for example, the pressure changed by a certain amount (for example, a change in pressure of 0.5-1 psi, 0.75-1.5 psi, etc.) from the surrounding atmospheric pressure when the user puts on the face mask 240 and/or takes off the face mask 240 (e.g. over a short time, e.g. 5 seconds, 10 seconds, 30 seconds, etc.). Generally, the pressure sensor 203 may be configured to detect an immediate change in pressure which may cause the pressure sensor 203 to communicate to the processor 208 to initiate timing. Additionally, in some embodiments, the disposable face mask 240 typically would have an average life expectancy. The processor 208 may then be operable to aggregate/sum the total amount of the time the face mask 240 has been worn. Typically, the processor 208 may track a current/updated total amount of time and compare the total amount of time with the average or estimated life expectancy /lifespan of the face mask 240 (while the face mask 240 may be being worn by the user). Once the total amount of time the face mask 240 has been used approaches the average life expectancy of the face mask 240, the processor 208 may signal to the alert mechanism (in the embodiment of FIG. 2 A, the alert mechanism is a buzzer 212) to alert the user that it is time to replace the face mask 240. In some embodiments, the processor 208 may signal the alert mechanism to notify the user of the amount of time remaining to use the face mask 240 after every use and/or at certain time increments (for example, when there are 30 minutes, 15 minutes, 10 minutes, 5 minutes, 1 minute, etc. left for use of the face mask 240). Thus, in the embodiment shown in FIG. 2A, the pressure sensor 203 typically communicates with the processor 208 once the pressure sensor 203 detects a change in pressure signaling the user has put on the face mask 240, The processor 208 may then communicate with the timer 209 to initiate timing. The processor 208 may then keep track of the pressure data corresponding to the time (e.g. receiver timer input signals responsive to the pressure change) and compute the amount of time remaining based on the average life expectancy of the face mask 240. Additionally, in the embodiment of FIG, 2A, there is a power source 206. The power source 206 may be a battery as shown in FIG. 2A and may provide/supply power to the pressure sensor 203, processor 208, buzzer 212, timer 209, and the wireless communication element. Also shown in the embodiment of FIG. 2A, the end of service life detector device 200 comprises an attachment element 220. Typically, the attachment element 220 may comprise a removable attachment element such as Veicro, adhesive, magnet, snap-joint, etc.

[0034] Also shown in the embodiment of FIG. 2A, the end of service life indicator device 200 may comprise a means of wireless communication. In the embodiment of FIG. 2A, the means of wireless communication element is Bluetooth 211 transceiver, and typically it may be located within the outer housing 202 (as shown later in FIG. 2B). However, it may also be located within the inner housing 201 as shown in the embodiment of FIG, 2A. With the means of wireless communication, the end of service life indicator device 200 may communicate with the handheld/portable device 130, such as a smart phone as shown in FIG. I B. The user may be able to receive notifications, reset the device, configure the device settings, etc. via the handheld/portable device 130. For example, the handheld/portable device 130 may notify the user how much longer he/she may continue wearing the face mask 240 (e.g. time remaining before the face mask 240 needs to be replaced and is no longer doing an adequate job of preventing gas and/or dust from entering through the filtration of the face mask 140). In some embodiments, the wireless communication element may be Wi-Fi or near field communication (NFC).

ΘΘ35] FIG. 2B illustrates a schematic of an alternative exemplary embodiment of an end of service life detector device 200 comprising elements similar to the ones shown in FIG. 2A (e.g. with only a timer or end of service life detector). However, in the embodiment of FIG. 2B, the elements are comprised within two separate housing elements (which are linked across the filtration material of the face mask): an inner housing 201 and an outer housing 202. Typically, as shown in the embodiment of FIG. 2B, the pressure sensor 203 may be located within the inner housing 201. Additionally, the inner housing 201 may comprise a processor 208a in some embodiments. The other elements (e.g. additional processor 208b, wireless communication element 211 , alert mechanism 212, timer 209 (which operatives similarly as described above), and power source 206) may be located either in the inner housing 201 or the outer housing 202 in some embodiments. However, in the embodiment shown in FIG. 2B, the outer housing 202 comprises another processor 208b, the wireless communication element 211, the alert mechanism 212, the timer 209, and the power source 206. Generally, the two processors 208a, 208b may be configured to communicate with each other via a connector element 220 which comprises an electrical means of communication (and serves as the attachment element). In this manner, typically the power source 206 may be able to power the inner housing 201 elements and the outer housing 202 elements while being located in only one of the housings (e.g. while being located in the inner housing 201 or in the outer housing 202). In the embodiment shown in FIG. 2B, the power source 206 is a battery located within the outer housing 202. Thus, to supply power to the inner housing 201 (comprising both the processor 208a and the pressure sensor 203), there may be a means of electrical communication via the connector element 220. The connector element 220 shown in the embodiment of FIG. 2B comprises pins 222 (and corresponding receptacle) and a gasket 223. The pins 222 may be located on the connector element 220 of the inner housing 201. Thus, the connector element 220 of the outer housing 202 may comprise apertures (of the receptacle) configured to receive the pins 222 located on the connector element 220 of the inner housing 201. In some embodiments, the pins 222 may be located on the connector element 220 of the outer housing 202 and the similarly sized apertures (e.g. receptacles) may be located on the connector element 220 of the inner housing 201. Additionally, as shown in the embodiment of FIG. 2B, there may be a gasket 223 to prevent dusi and/or gas from entering the end of service life indicator device 200. Persons of skill should appreciate other forms of the connector element 220 which may function to connect the inner housing 201 to the outer housing 202, attach the inner and outer housing to the mask (removably) and/or provide an el ectri cal means of communication. For exampl e, the connector element 220 may be a magnetic connector element which may allow for an electrical means of communication via induction.

[0036] FIG. 3A illustrates a schematic of an exemplar}⁷ embodiment of an end of service life indicator device 300 comprising one housing 301 (e.g. so the entire device can be located within the mask). In the embodiment of FIG. 3 A, the one housing 301 is located within the interior/inner part of the face mask 340 when the user wears the face mask 340 (e.g. located mside the face mask 340 so that it is not visible to others). Additionally, the one housing 301 comprises a pressure sensor 303, one end of service life detector 304, a power source 306, a processor 308, a wireless communication element 311, an alert mechanism 312, and a means of removable attachment 320. In the embodiment of FIG. 3 A, the one end of service life detector 304 may be a sensor, for example, a gas sensor or a particle sensor (although in other embodiments, both such sensors could be used, for example with or without a timer). In the embodiment of FIG. 3A, once the user puts on the face mask 340, the pressure sensor 303 may detect a significant change in pressure and transmit an input pressure signal to the processor 308 (or directly to the end of service life detector(s) - similar to that described above). The processor 308 may then instruct the end of service life detector 304 to begin gathering data and to transmit that collected data to the processor 308 (e.g. as a sensor input signal). In some embodiments, the end of service life detector 304 may be a gas sensor. The gas sensor may be configured to detect various gas concentration levels and transmit those gas concentration levels to the processor 308. The processor 308 may then compare the gas concentration levels with the pre-set/pre-defined gas concentration threshold levels. If the gas concentration level reaches or exceeds the gas concentration threshold level, the processor 308 may instruct the alert mechanism 312 to notify/warn the user that the face mask 340 needs to be replaced. In some embodiments, the end of service life detector 304 may be a particle sensor (for example, a particulate matter (PM) 2.5 sensor). The particle sensor may be configured to detect particle levels within the face mask 340 and transmit those particle levels to the processor 308. The processor 308 may then compare the particle levels with the pre-set/pre-defined particle threshold levels. If the particle levels reach or exceed the particle threshold levels, the processor 308 may instruct the alert mechanism 312 to notify /warn the user the face mask 340 needs to be replaced. Persons of skill should appreciate the various types of sensors which would function effectively to determine when the user exposure limit of a certain substance/material (typically of the sort filtered by the particular mask at issue) has been exceeded rendering the face mask 340 ineffective (e.g. no longer protecting the user from exposure because the filtration of the face mask 340 may need replacement). In the embodiment of FIG. 3A, the alert mechanism 312 comprises a buzzer and a wireless communication element 311. The buzzer may alert the user immediately during use if the face mask 340 needs replacement. Additionally, the wireless communication element 311 may allow the end of service life indicator device 300 to communicate with a handheld/portable device. In the embodiment of FIG. 3 A, the wireless communication element 311 is a Bluetooth transcei v er. If the user has a handheld/portable de vice, the user may be able to determine real-time readings of the gas concentration levels and/or particle levels within the face mask 340. Additionally, in the embodiment of FIG. 3A, the user may be able to determine pressure levels within the face mask 340. In some embodiments, the processor 308 may compute the estimated time left to use the face mask 340 by computing the relationship between gas concentration levels and/or particle levels over time based on previously collected data. This may allow the user to further know/he informed of the amount of time remaining to wear the face mask 340 via the handheld/portable device. Additionally, in the embodiment of FIG. 3A, the power source 306 is a batter ' and supplies power to the end of service life indicator device 300. In some embodiments, the battery may be rechargeable. In other embodiments, the batten' may be disposable. Also shown in the embodiment of FIG. 3A, the end of sendee life indicator device 300 comprises a removable attachment element 320 to the face mask 340. In the embodiment of FIG. 3A, the means of removable attachment 320 may be Velcro, removable adhesive, snap-joint, magnet, one or more pins, sensor threads, etc.

[0037] FIG. 3B illustrates a schematic of an exemplar}' embodiment of an end of service life indicator device 300 comprising elements similar to the ones shown in FIG. 3A, but configured with an inner housing and an outer housing. However, in the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 3B, there are two housing elements: an inner housing 301 and an outer housing 302. In the embodiment of FIG. 3B, the inner housing 301 encloses the pressure sensor 303, the end of service life detector 304, and a processor 308. The inner housing 301 may also comprise an opening to allow the pressure sensor 303 and the end of service life detector 304 to be able to sense the change in pressure, gas concentration levels, and-'or particle levels. Additionally,

z l similar to the embodiment of FIG. 3A, the one end of service life detector 304 may be a gas sensor or a particle sensor. In the embodiment of FIG. 3B, once the user puts on the face mask 340, the pressure sensor 303 may detect a significant change in pressure and transmit an input pressure signal to the processor 308 (or directly to the end of service life detector - similarly to that described above). The processor 308 may then instruct the end of service life detector 304 to begin gathering data and to transmit that collected data to the processor 308 located in the outer housing 302, In some embodiments, the end of service life detector 304 may be a gas sensor. The gas sensor may be configured to detect various gas concentration levels and transmit those gas concentration levels to the processor 308. The processor 308 may then compare the gas concentration levels with the pre-set/pre-defined gas concentration threshold levels. If the gas concentration level reaches or exceeds the gas concentration threshold level, the processor 308 may instruct the alert mechanism 312 to notify /warn the user that the face mask 340 needs to be repl aced. In some embodiments, the end of service life detector 304 may be a particle sensor (for example, a PM 2.5 sensor). The particle sensor may be configured to detect particle levels within the face mask 340 and transmit those particle levels to the processor 308. The processor 308 may then compare the particle levels with the pre-set/pre-defined particle threshold levels. If the particle levels reach or exceed the particle threshold levels, the processor 308 may instruct the alert mechanism 312 to notify /warn the user the face mask 340 needs to be replaced. Also, shown in the embodiment of FIG. 3B, there may be two processors. One processor 308 may be located within the inner housing 301 while the other processor 308 may be located within the outer housing 302. In some embodiments, the processor 308 located within the inner housing 301 may communicate with the pressure sensor 303 and the end of service life detector 304, and the processor 308 located within the outer housing 302 may communicate with the power source 306, the alert mechanism 312, and the wireless communication element 31 1. Then, in some embodiments, the processor 308 located within the inner housing 301 may communicate with the

ZZ processor 308 located within the outer housing 302 via the connector element 320 which serves as an attachment element. The connector element 320 shown in the embodiment of FIG. 3B (similar to the embodiment shown in FIG. 2B) comprises a connector 321 which further comprises pins 322 and a gasket 323. The pins 322 may be located on the connector element 320 of the inner housing 301. Thus, the connector element 320 of the outer housing 302 may comprise apertures configured to receive the pins 322 located on the connector element 320 of the inner housing 301. In some embodiments, the pins 322 may be located on the connector element 320 of the outer housing 302 and the similariy sized apertures may be located on the connector element 320 of the inner housing 301 . Additionally, as shown in the embodiment of FIG. 3B, there may be a gasket 323 to prevent dust and/or gas from entering the end of service life indicator device 300.

[0038] FIG. 4 A illustrates a schematic of an exemplary embodiment of an end of service life indicator device 400 comprising two housing elements 401, 402, a pressure sensor 403, three end of life detector, one or more alert mechanisms, a button 407, a power source 406, a processor 408a, 408b, a wireless communication element 41 1, and a means of removable attachment 420. In the embodiment of FIG. 4A, the three end of sendee life detectors comprise the following: a timer 409, a gas sensor 404, and a particle sensor 405. Typically, the inner housing 401 may comprise the pressure sensor 405, the gas sensor 404, and the particle sensor 405 as shown in FIG. 4A. This may be because the sensors may need to be in close proximity to the user's nose and mouth in order to, for example, detect the gas concentration levels and the particle levels the user is being exposed to while wearing the face mask 440. Additionally, in the embodiment of FIG. 4A, the pressure sensor 403 may be located within the inner housing 401 to ensure the pressure sensor 403 may detect a large enough change in pressure from when the user may not be wearing the face mask 440 to when the user puts on the face mask 440 and the user takes off the face mask 440. Thus, the gas sensor 404, the particle sensor 405, and the pressure sensor 403 typically are located within the inner housing 401. In the embodiment of FIG. 4A, once the pressure sensor 403 may detect a change in pressure, the pressure sensor 403 may send an input pressure signal to the processor 408a. The processor 408a may then instruct the gas sensor 404 and the particle sensor 405 to begin detection. Then the gas sensor 404 and the particle sensor 405 may send input gas/particle signals to the processor 408a to allow the processor 408a to keep track of the gas concentration levels and the particle concentration levels over time. Typically, the processor 408a may be configured to compare the input gas signals (e.g. representing the gas concentration levels within the face mask 440) with the gas threshold level. Additionally, the processor 408a may be configured to compare the input particle signals (e.g. representing the particle levels within the face mask 440) with the particle threshold level . If either the gas threshold level and/or the particle threshold level are exceeded, the processor 440 may be configured to instruct the alert mechanism to warn the user the face mask 440 needs to be disposed of. This may be because the filtration of the face mask 440 is no longer doing an adequate job in preventing gas and/or dust from entering into the face mask 440 and, thus, into the user's respiratory system. In the embodiment of FIG. 4A, the alert mechanism may comprise a buzzer 412, LEDs 413, and a wireless communication element 411. The wireless communication element 411 of the embodiment of FIG. 4A comprises Bluetooth. The end of service life indicator device 400 may be configured to interact with a handheld/portable device via Bluetooth to alert the user when the face mask 440 needs to be replaced. Additionally, the end of service life indicator device 400 via its processor 408a, 408b may provide the user with pressure data, gas concentration level data, and particle level data. In some embodiments, the processor 408a, 408b may be able to compute the estimated time remaining for the user to continue using the face mask 440 based on the correlation of the pressure data, the gas concentration level data, and the particle level data with time. [0039] Typically, the outer housing 402 generally comprises the alert mechanism, the wireless communication element 411, the timer 409, the power source 406, the LEDs 413, the button 407, and the processor 408b. In the embodiment of FIG. 4A, the inner housing 401 and the outer housing 402 both comprise its own processor 408a, 408b. In some embodiments, this may be the case because the connector element 420 comprises an electrical means of communication. In the embodiment of FIG. 4A, the connector element 420 comprises a connector 421 to which the pins 422 and a gasket 423 are attached. The pins 422 may generally be able to conduct electricity and, thus, may be comprised of a conductive material such as copper. Additionally, the pins 422 may pierce through the filtration of the face mask 440 in order to connect with the connector element 420 located on the outer housing 402. The gasket 423 may generally be configured to prevent dust and/or gas from entering into the end of service life indicator device 400. This may prevent the end of service life indicator device 400 from damage and/or prevent the user from having to open and clean the end of service life indicator device 400.

[0040] FIG. 4B illustrates a schematic of an exemplary embodiment of an end of service life indicator device 400 similar to the one shown in FIG. 4 A. However, the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 4B comprises one housing 401 element located within the interi or of the face mask 440 and does not comprise LEDs. In some embodiments, the end of sen- ice life indicator device 400 may comprise LEDs to allow the user to check the status of the face mask 440 before wearing the face mask 440 and after taking off the face mask 440. Similar to the exemplar}⁷ embodiment of FIG. 4A, the embodiment of FIG. 4B comprises a pressure sensor 403 and three end of service life detectors 404, 405, 409. The three end of sen-ice life detectors may comprise a gas sensor 404, a particle sensor 405, and a timer 409. Typically, the processor 408 may interact with the pressure sensor 403, the gas sensor 404, and the particle sensor 405 to receive input pressure signals, input gas signals, and input particle signals, respectively. Typically, the processor 408 may receive an input pressure signal first (e.g. as a result of the pressure change resulting from 3 the user putting on the face mask 440). The input pressure signal may indicate to the processor 408 to instruct the gas sensor 404, the particle sensor 405, and the timer 409 to begin/initiate gathering/collecting data. The processor 408 may then alert the user to replace the face mask 440 based on whichever of the following possible scenarios occurs first: the processor 408 may determine the running time (e.g. the total time the face mask 440 has been worn) exceeds the estimated life expectancy of the disposable face mask 440, the processor 408 may determine the gas concentration level (from the input gas signals received by the processor 408) exceed a pre-set/pre-defmed gas concentration level, and/or the processor 408 may determine the particle level (from the input particle signals received by the processor 408) exceed a pre-set/pre-defmed particle level. In some embodiments, the end of service life indicator device 400 may comprise more than three end of service life detectors which means the processor 408 may have more than three criteria by which to determine whether the user should replace the face mask 440 or not. In the embodiment of FIG. 4B, the power source 406 comprises a battery, the alert mechanism comprises a buzzer 412, and the attachment element 420 may allow for removable attachment of the end of service life indicator device. In the embodiment of FIG. 4B, the attachment element 420 may be Velcro, removable adhesive, snap-joint, magnet, etc. The attachment element 420 may typically be strong enough to hold the end of service life indicator device 400 in place while the user takes part in his/her day-to-day activities. However, the attachment element 420 may not be so strong as to be hard to remove from the disposable face mask 440 by the user. Additionally, the wireless communication element 411 of the embodiment of FIG. 4B comprises Bluetooth. The end of service life indicator device 400 may be configured to interact with a handheld/portable device via Bluetooth to alert the user when the face mask 440 needs to be replaced.

[0041] Having described device and method embodiments above, especially with regard to the figures, various additional embodiments can include, but are not limited to the following:

ZD [0042] In a first embodiment, an end of service life indicator device (for a disposable filter/face mask) may comprise: a pressure sensor; one or more end of service life detectors; one or more processors; a power source; a housing; an alert mechanism; and a removable attachment element wherein: the one or more end of service life detectors are configured for (activation/deactivation) operation by the pressure sensor; the removable attachment element (e.g. so that the end of service life indicator device can be used with one or more disposable masks) is configured for (removable) attachment to the (disposable) face mask; and the one or more processors are configured to determine end of service life of the face mask (based on an input signal from the end of service life detectors and/or configured to send an output signal to the alert mechanism indicative of end of service life for the face mask). A second embodiment can include the end of service life indicator device of the first embodiment, wherein the pressure sensor is configured to sense a variation in pressure (as a result of the user wearing the face mask) and to interact with the one or more end of service life detectors. A third embodiment can include the end of service life indicator device of the first or second embodiments, wherein the one or more end of service life detectors comprise a gas sensor. A fourth embodiment can include the end of service life indicator device of the first to third embodiments, wherein the one or more end of sendee life detectors comprises a particle/particulate sensor. A fifth embodiment ca include the end of service life indicator device of the first to fourth embodiments, wherein the one or more end of service life detectors comprises a timer configured to (activate/run) operate in response to the pressure sensor detecting/sensing a variation in pressure (e.g. caused by a user wearing the face mask). A sixth embodiment can include the end of sendee life indicator device of the first to fifth embodiments, wherein the pressure sensor is configured to detect a change in pressure when the user wears the mask, wherein a first change in pressure (e.g. a significant rise in pressure (e.g. above atmospheric conditions) over a pre-set/pre-defined period of time when the user wears the mask and'or indicative of the face mask being worn) signals the timer to begin timing, and wherein a second change in pressure (e.g. a significant drop in pressure in a certain/pre-set time (e.g. more than could be an atmospheric condition, and/or indicative of the user removing the mask) signals the timer to terminate timing. A seventh embodiment can include the end of service life indicator device of the first to sixth embodiments, wherein the one or more end of service life detectors are configured to (activate/run) operate in response to the pressure sensor detecting/sensing a variation in pressure (e.g. start upon detection of the first change in pressure and stop upon detection of the second change in pressure). An eighth embodiment can include the end of service life indicator device of the first to seventh embodiments, wherein the timer is configured to keep a running time for use of the face mask (e.g. does not reset each time the face mask is used, but, instead, tallies/aggregates the total time each time the face mask is used even after it stops in response to the second change in pressure it will continue adding to the time upon detection of a reactivating pressure). A ninth embodiment can include the end of service life indicator device of the first to eighth embodiments, wherein the housing encloses the pressure sensor, the one or more end of service life detectors, the processor, the power source, and the alert mechanism. A tenth embodiment can include the end of service life indicator device of the first to ninth embodiments, wherein the power source (e.g. battery) is configured to interact with (e.g. supply power to) the one or more processors, the pressure sensor, the one or more end of sen-ice life detectors, and the alert mechanism. An eleventh embodiment can include the end of service life indicator device of the first to tenth embodiments, wherein the one or more processors is configured to receive (and store) mformation data/input (signal) from the one or more end of service life detectors, compare the received end of sendee life detector information/datadnput (signal) with one or more corresponding pre-existmg/pre-calibrate 'pre-set threshold levels (e.g. indicative of end of service life for the mask - for example, for timer input comparison to estimate life of the face mask, for gas input comparison to gas concentration levels indicati ve of safety hazard and/or gas penetrating the filtration of the face mask, and/or for particulate input comparison to particulate concentration level indicative of a safety hazard and/or particulate matter penetrating the filtration of the face mask), and transmit feedback/output (signal) to the alert mechanism (and/or wireless communication). A twelfth embodiment can include the end of service life indicator device of the first to eleventh embodiments, wherein the face mask comprises a disposable face mask (e.g. filtration not by filter cartridge and/or not a powered mask). A thirteenth embodiment can include the end of service life indicator device of the first to twelfth embodiments, wherein the disposable face mask comprises a dust/filter mask, and wherein a filtration material forms at least a portion of the dust/filter mask (and provides (all) the filtration of the face mask). A fourteenth embodiment can include the end of service life indicator device of the first to thirteenth embodiments, wherein the end of service life indicator is re-usable/not disposable and configured for multiple uses (e.g. with a plurality of face masks, serially (upon reset)). A fifteenth embodiment can include the end of service life indicator device of the first to fourteenth embodiments, wherein the housing is (configured to be) located within an interior of the face mask near the user's nose and mouth. A sixteenth embodiment can include the end of service life indicator device of the first to fifteenth embodiments, wherein the housing comprises two parts: an inner housing (located within an interior (e.g. on an interior surface) of the face mask when the user is wearing the mask) and an outer housing (located on an exterior surface of (e.g. exterior to) the face mask (and corresponding to the location of the interior housing) (and attached to the interior housing via the attachment element) when the user is wearing the face mask), and wherein the inner housing and the outer housing span across the filtration material of the mask (e.g. the filtration material urns through the housing). A seventeenth embodiment can include the end of service life indicator device of the first to sixteenth embodiments, wherein the inner housing encloses/encompasses the pressure sensor and/or the one or more end of service life detectors. An eighteenth embodiment can include the end of service life indicator device of the first to seventeenth embodiments, wherein the housing comprises an opening (configured to open to the interior of the face mask when the mask is worn by a user) configured to allow/direct airflow to the pressure sensor and/or the one or more end of service life detectors (e.g. from the interior of the face mask - e.g. the airflow is already filtered by the filtration mask). A nineteenth embodiment can include the end of service life indicator device of the first to eighteenth embodiments, wherein the alert mechanism activates (e.g. by the processor responding to the one or more end of service life detectors) (e.g. input signals) to signal end of service life of the face mask. A twentieth embodiment can include the end of service life indicator device of the first to nineteenth embodiments, wherein the processor signals (to the alert mechanism) in the event that the gas/particle sensor indicates gas concentration level/particle concentration level in the face mask during operation (e.g. when the pressure sensor indicates to the processor that the mask is being worn) is above a pre-set/pre-defined sensor threshold (e.g. stored in the processor's memory). A twent -first embodiment can include the end of service life indicator device of the first to twentieth embodiments, wherein the processor signals (to the alert mechanism) in the event that the timer indicates running/cumulative time reaches or exceeds a pre-set/pre-defined threshold (relating to estimated life of the face mask) (e.g. stored in the memory of the processor). A twenty-second embodiment can include the end of service life indicator device of the first to twenty -first embodiments, wherein the (inner) housing comprises one of the following means of removable attachment: Velcro, snap joint, adhesive, or magnet. A twenty-third embodiment can include the end of service life indicator device of the first to twenty-second embodiments, wherein the inner housing and the outer housing are configured for removable attachment to the face mask via a connector comprising a means of electrical communication (e.g. battery can supply power across the connector and/or the one or more end of service life detectors can communicate with the processor) (e.g. the device further comprises a connector configured to join/attach the inner housing and the outer housing and/or provide electrical communication between the inner housing and the outer housing, and wherein the connector also serves as the removable attachment element). A twenty -fourth embodiment can include the end of service life indicator device of the first to twenty -third embodiments, wherein the connector comprises a plurality of pins operable to penetrate/pierce the filter material of the face mask (e.g. thereby removably attaching the end of service life indicator device to the face mask). A twenty-fifth embodiment can include the end of service life indicator device of the first to twenty-fourth embodiments, wherein the connector comprises a gasket (typically located about the connector, e.g. to seal a junction between the face mask and the connector)(to prevent dust or gas from entering the face mask through the junction). A twenty-sixth embodiment can include the end of service life indicator device of the first to twenty-fifth embodiments, further comprising a wireless communication element (such as Bluetooth, NFC, and/or Wi-Fi transmitter and/or transceiver) (e.g. configured for wireless communication between the one or more processors and a handheld/portable device). A twenty-seventh embodiment ca include the end of service life indicator device of the first to twenty-six th embodiments, further comprising a handheld/portable device configured for wireless communication (with the end of sendee life indicator - e.g. with a Bluetooth, NFC, and or Wi-Fi receiver and/or transceiver). A twenty -eighth embodiment can include the end of service life indicator device of the first to twenty-seventh embodiments, wherein the alert mechanism comprises the wireless communication element and the corresponding handheld/portable device (for example, tirelessly communicating (e.g. via Bluetooth) (e.g. wirelessly sending alerts) with the handheld/portable device (to send/display an alert/warmng/notification - e.g. visually on the screen, audibly via the speaker, and/or physically via vibration)). A twenty -ninth embodiment can include the end of service life indicator device of the first to twenty-eighth embodiments, wherein the handheld/portable device is operable/configured to reset the end of service life indicator (e.g. via Bluetooth) (once the end of service life indicator is attached to a new face mask (e.g. after replacement of the used face mask)). A thirtieth embodiment can include the end of service life indicator device of the first to twenty -ninth embodiments, further comprising a reset mechanism (e.g. a button (operable to reset the end of service life indicator (once the end of service life indicator is attached to a new face mask (e.g. after replacement of the used face mask)))). A thirty -first embodiment can include the end of service life indicator device of the first to thirtieth embodiments, wherein the button comprises a locking mechanism, (wherein the locking mechanism prevents the user from accidentally resetting the end of service life indicator (e.g. prior to being warned to replace the face mask and/or prior to removal of the end of service life indicator device from the face mask and/or reattachment to a new/second/subsequent face mask)) (e.g. wherein the locking mechanism is configured to prevent accidental (e.g. non-intentional) re-set/depression of the button). A thirty-second embodiment can include the end of service life indicator device of the first to thirty-first embodiments, wherein the alert mechanism comprises one or more light emitting diodes (LEDs), (wherein the LEDs comprise different colors (e.g. red, blue, green), and wherein the LEDs are configured to warn the user when the face mask needs replacement, when the face mask is read}'- for use, when the power source/battery is low (e.g. needs replacement), and/or when there is an error (e.g. one of the sensors is not operable)). A thirty -third embodiment can include the end of service life indicator device of the first to thirty-second embodiments, wherein the alert mechanism comprises a buzzer, (wherein the buzzer is located within the outer housing), and wherein the buzzer alerts the user to replace the face mask. A thirty -fourth embodiment can include the end of sendee life indicator device of the first to thirty -third embodiments, wherein the one or more end of service life detectors communicate their respective gathered data/input signals to the processor for storage within memory, wherein the processor is configured to compare the data with the respective pre-defined threshold le vels, and wherein the processor is configured to communicate with the alert mechanism (via output signals) to warn the user when one (or more) of the threshold levels are breached/overcome/exceeded (e.g. the face mask needs to be replaced). A thirty-fifth embodiment can include the end of service life indicator device of the first to thirty -fourth embodiments, wherein the timer communicates the current running time data to the processor for storage within memory, wherein the processor is configured to compute (e.g. aggregate/sum the time during every use) the remaining (overall) time left before the face mask expires, and wherein the processor is configured to communicate via the alert mechanism when the face mask needs to be replaced (e.g. time remaining for use is approaching zero). A thirty-sixth embodiment can include the end of senice life indicator device of the first to thirty-fifth embodiments, wherein the particle sensor comprises a PM 2,5 sensor. A thirty-seventh embodiment can include the end of service life indicator device of the first to thirty-sixth embodiments, wherein the connector is configured so that disconnecting/decoupling/detaching the inner and outer housing (e.g. via the connector) resets the timer for configures the end of service life indicator (e.g. disconnecting/decoupling of the connector causes the timer to automatically reset). A thirty-eighth embodiment can include the end of service life indicator device of the first to thirty-seventh embodiments, wherein the power source comprises a battery, wherein the battery is rechargeable or disposable. A thirty -ninth embodiment can include the end of sen ice life indicator device of the first to thirty-eighth embodiments, wherein the end of senice life indicator device further comprises a face mask, wherein the housing is located near the portion of the face mask in proximity to the user's nose and mouth via the removable attachment element. A fortieth embodiment can include the end of service life indicator device of the first to thirty-ninth embodiments, wherein the end of senice life indicator device (e.g. processor) communicates with the handheld/portable device (via wireless communication (e.g. Bluetooth) to indicate to the user the amount of time remaining until the face mask expires (e.g. should not be used/does not provide adequate filtration)). A forty-first embodiment can include the end of service life indicator device of the first to fortieth embodiments, wherein the end of service life indicator device (e.g. processor) communicates with the handheld/portable device to indicate to the user the current gas concentration level/particle level.

[0043] Exemplary embodiments might also relate to methods for operating and/or using an end of service life indicator device (e.g. similar to those described above, which may be considered optionally incorporated herein with respect to the discussion of the methods). Such method embodiments, for example, might include, but are not limited to, the following:

[0044] In a forty-second embodiment, a method for using an end of service life indicator with a disposable face mask, the method comprising: detecting, by a pressure sensor, a change/variation in pressure (e.g. a significant increase in pressure (e.g. above atmospheric conditions) and/or indicative of the mask being worn); indicating, by the pressure sensor (signaling) to one or more end of service life detectors, to activate (e.g. initiate/begin collecting gas/particle/pressure/time data) the one or more end of service life detectors (e.g. activating/operating the end of service life detectors responsive to the pressure sensor detecting an indication that the face mask is worn); (transmitting, by the end of senice life detectors, input signal(s) to the processor); (storing, by a processor, the input signal(s) from the end of service life detectors); comparing, by the processor, the input signal(s) with a corresponding pre-set/pre-defined threshold level (for the corresponding end of senice life detector). A forty-third embodiment can include the method of the forty-second embodiment, wherein deactivating the end of service life detector(s) occurs/takes place in response to the pressure sensor detecting an indication that the mask is not worn. A forty -fourth embodiment can include the method of the forty-second to forty-third embodiments, further comprising: (removably) attaching (by a user) the end of senice life indicator device to the disposable face mask (in proximity to the nose and mouth regions); and wearing (by the user) the disposable face mask with the attached end of senice life indicator device. A fort -fifth embodiment can include the method of the forty-second to fort -fourth embodiments, further comprising: instructing, by the processor (e.g. by output signal transmission), an alert mechanism to warn the user to replace the disposable face mask (e.g. when remaining time approaches zero, when gas concentration level exceeds gas threshold levels; and/or when particle level exceeds particle threshold level); (removing (by the user) the disposable face mask with the attached end of service life indicator device); and detaching (by a user) the end of service life indicator device from the disposable face mask. A forty-sixth embodiment can include the method of the forty-second to forty-fifth embodiments, further comprising: disposing (by the user) of the disposable face mask; providing (by the user) a new/second/successive disposable face mask; and (removably) attaching the end of service life indicator device to the new/second/successive disposable face mask. A forty-seventh embodiment can include the method of the forty-second to forty -sixth embodiments, further comprising resetting the end of service life indicator via a reset mechanism (e.g. a button) (before attachment to a second'successive/hew face mask). A forty-eighth embodiment ca include the method of the forty-second to forty -seventh embodiments, wherein the one or more end of service life detectors communicate their respective gathered daia' nput signals to the processor for storage within memory, wherein the processor is configured to compare the data with the respective pre-defined threshold levels, and wherein the processor is configured to communicate with the alert mechanism (via output signals) to warn the user when one (or more) of the threshold levels are breached/overcome/exceeded (e.g. the face mask needs to be replaced). A forty-ninth embodiment can include the method of the forty-second to forty-eighth embodiments, wherein the one or more end of service life detectors may comprise at least one of the following: a gas sensor, a particle/particulate sensor, and/or a timer. A fiftieth embodiment can include the method of the forty-second to forty-ninth embodiments, wherein the timer communicates the current running time data to the processor for storage within memory, wherein the processor is configured to compute (e.g. aggregate/sum the time during every use) the remaining (overall) time left before the face mask expires, and wherein the processor is configured to communicate via the alert mechanism when the face mask needs to be replaced (e.g. time remaining for use is approaching zero).

[0045] While various embodiments in accordance with the principles disclosed herein have been shown and described above, modifications thereof may be made by one skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and the teachings of the disclosure. The embodiments described herein are representative only and are not intended to be limiting. Many variations, combinations, and modifications are possible and are within the scope of the disclosure. Alternative embodiments that result from combining, integrating, and/or omitting features of the embodiment(s) are also within the scope of the disclosure. Accordingly, the scope of protection is not limited by the description set out above, but is defined by the claims which follow, that scope including all equivalents of the subject matter of the claims. Each and every claim is incorporated as further disclosure into the specification, and the claims are embodiments) of the present mvention(s). Furthermore, any advantages and features described above may relate to specific embodiments, but shall not limit the application of such issued claims to processes and structures accomplishing any or all of the above advantages or having any or all of the above features.

[0046] Additionally, the section headings used herein are provided for consistency with the suggestions under 37 C.F.R. 1.77 or to otherwise provide organizational cues. These headings shall not limit or characterize the invention(s) set out in any claims that may issue from this disclosure. Specifically and by way of example, although the headings might refer to a '^"Field," the claims should not be limited by the language chosen under this heading to describe the so-called field. Further, a description of a technology in the "Background" is not to be construed as an admission that certain technology is prior art to any invention(s) in this disclosure. Neither is the "Summary" to be considered as a limiting characterization of the invention(s) set forth in issued claims. Furthermore, any reference in this disclosure to ^"'invention^*' in the singular should not be used to argue that there is only a single point of novelty in this disclosui'e. Multiple in ventions may be set forth according to the limitations of the multiple claims issuing from this disclosure, and such claims accordingly define the invention(s), and their equivalents, that are protected thereby. In all instances, the scope of the claims shall be considered on their own merits m light of this disclosure, but should not he constrained by the headings set forth herein.

[0047] Use of broader terms such as "comprises," "includes," and "having" should be understood to provide support for narrower terms such as "consisting of," "consisting essentially of," and "comprised substantially of." Use of the terms "optionally," "may," "might," "possibly," and the like with respect to any element of an embodiment means that the element is not required, or alternatively, the element is required, both alternatives being within the scope of the embodiments). Also, references to examples are merely provided for illustrative purposes, and are not intended to be exclusive.

[0048] While several embodiments have been provided in the present disclosure, it should be understood that the disclosed systems and methods may be embodied in many other specific forms without departing from the spirit or scope of the present disclosure. The present examples are to be considered as illustrative and not restrictive, and the intention is not to be limited to the details given herein. For example, the various elements or components may be combined or integrated in another system, or certain features may be omitted or not implemented.

[0049] Also, techniques, systems, subsystems, and methods described and illustrated in the various embodiments as discrete or separate may be combined or integrated with other systems, modules, techniques, or methods without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. Other items shown or discussed as directly coupled or communicating with each other may be indirectly coupled or communicating through some interface, device, or intermediate component, whether electrically, mechanically, or otherwise. Other examples of changes, substitutions, and alterations are ascertainable by one skilled in the art and could be made without departing from the spirit and scope disclosed herein.

Claims

CLAIMS What is claimed is:

1. An end of service life indicator device [ 100 j comprising:

a pressure sensor [103];

one or more end of service life (ESL) detectors [104, 105, 209 ]; one or more processors [ 108a, 108b];

a power source [106];

a housing [101, 102];

an alert mechanism [1 12, 1 13]; and

a removable attachment element [120];

wherein:

the one or more end of service life detectors [104, 105, 209] are configured for operation by the pressure sensor [103];

the removable attachment element [120] is configured for attachment to the face mask [140]; and

the one or more processors [108a, 108b] are configured to determine end of service life of the face mask [140] ,

2. The end of service life indicator device of claim 1 wherein the one or more end of service life detectors [104, 105, 209] comprise a gas sensor [104].

3. The end of service life indicator device of claim 1 wherein the one or more end of service life detectors [104, 105, 209] comprise a particle/particulate sensor [105].

4. The end of service life indicator device of claim 1 wherein the one or more end of service life detectors [104, 105, 209] comprises a timer [209] configured to operate in response to the pressure sensor [ 103] detecting/sensing a variation in pressure, and wherem the timer [209] is configured to keep a running time for use of the face mask [140].

5. The end of service life indicator device of claim 1 wherein the pressure sensor [103] is configured to detect/sense a change in pressure when the user wears the face mask [140], wherein a first change in pressure signals the timer [209] to begin timing, wherein a second change in pressure signals the timer [209] to terminate timing, and wherein the one or more end of service life detectors [104, 105, 209] are configured to operate in response to the pressure sensor [103] detecting/sensing a variation in pressure.

6. The end of service life indicator device of cl aim 1 wherein the one or more processors

[108a, 108b] is configured to receive information/data/input from the one or more end of service life detectors [104, 105, 209], compare the received end of service life detector [104, 105, 209] information- lata/input with one or more corresponding pre-existing/pre-calibrated/pre-set threshold levels, and transmit feedback/output to the alert mechanism [112, 113].

7. The end of service life indicator device of claim 5 wherein the timer [209]

communicates the current running time data to the processor [108a, 108b] for storage within memory, wherein the processor [108a, 108b] is configured to compute the remaining time left before the face mask [140] expires, and wherein the processor [108a, 108b] is configured to communicate via the alert mechanism [112, 113] when the face mask [140] needs to be replaced.

8. The end of service life indicator device of claim 1 wherein the end of service life indicator is re-usable and configured for multiple uses.

9. The end of service life indicator device of claim 1 wherein the end of service life indicator device [100] further comprises a face mask [140], wherein the face mask [140] comprises a disposable face mask, wherein the disposable face mask comprises a dust/iilier mask, and wherein the housing [ 101, 102] is located near the portion of the face mask [140] in proximity to the user's nose and mouth via the removable attachment element [120].

10. The end of service life indicator device of claim 1 wherein the housing comprises two parts: an inner housing [101 ] and an outer housing [102], and wherein the inner housing [101] and the outer housing [102] span across the filtration material [240] of the face mask [140], and wherein the inner housing [101] and the outer housing [102] are configured for removable attachment to the face mask [140].

1 1. The end of service life indicator device of claim 1 further comprising a wireless communication element [211], wherein the wireless communication element [21 1] is configured to interact with a portable device [130] configured for wireless communication, wherein the portable device [130] is operable to reset the end of service life indicator device [100] and indicate to the user the amount of time until the face mask [140] expires.

12. The end of service life indicator device of claim 1 wherein the alert mechanism [112, 113] activates to signal end of service life of the face mask [140].

13. The end of service life indicator device of claim 1 wherein the removable attachment element [120] is configured to join the inner housing [101] to the outer housing [102], wherein the removable attachment element [120] comprises a means of electrical communication.

14. The end of service life indicator device of claim 13 wherein the removable attachment element [120] comprises a plurality of pins [222] operable to penetrate/pierce the filter material of the face mask [140].

15. The end of service life indicator device of claim 13 wherein the removable attachment element [120] comprises a gasket [223] configured to enclose the removable altachment element [120] and prevent gas and parti cies/particul ate from entering the face mask [140] and the end of service life indicator device [100].