WO2018104661A1 - Procede pour eviter le depot de polymeres dans un procede de purification d'acide (meth)acrylique - Google Patents
Procede pour eviter le depot de polymeres dans un procede de purification d'acide (meth)acrylique Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2018104661A1 WO2018104661A1 PCT/FR2017/053414 FR2017053414W WO2018104661A1 WO 2018104661 A1 WO2018104661 A1 WO 2018104661A1 FR 2017053414 W FR2017053414 W FR 2017053414W WO 2018104661 A1 WO2018104661 A1 WO 2018104661A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- acrylic acid
- meth
- glyoxal
- derivative
- process according
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C51/00—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides
- C07C51/42—Separation; Purification; Stabilisation; Use of additives
- C07C51/50—Use of additives, e.g. for stabilisation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C51/00—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides
- C07C51/42—Separation; Purification; Stabilisation; Use of additives
- C07C51/48—Separation; Purification; Stabilisation; Use of additives by liquid-liquid treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C57/00—Unsaturated compounds having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms
- C07C57/02—Unsaturated compounds having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms with only carbon-to-carbon double bonds as unsaturation
- C07C57/03—Monocarboxylic acids
- C07C57/04—Acrylic acid; Methacrylic acid
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the manufacture of (meth) acrylic acid, and its object is the reduction of fouling phenomena during the purification of (meth) acrylic acid containing glyoxal.
- the invention is based on the use of a quinoline derivative to limit the formation of polymers in a liquid phase containing (meth) acrylic acid and glyoxal.
- Some of these operations use one or more organic or aqueous solvents as absorption agents (gas-liquid exchanges) and / or as extraction agents in liquid medium (liquid-liquid exchanges), and / or as agents for separation by azeotropic distillation.
- These methods also include solvent recovery and purification steps, and necessarily involve a large number of distillation columns, operating at elevated temperatures, to yield a technical acrylic acid, in which the impurity content has been greatly reduced. .
- aldehydes such as furfuraldehyde, benzaldehyde, acrolein, or glyoxal
- aldehydes such as furfuraldehyde, benzaldehyde, acrolein, or glyoxal
- This additional purification generally carried out with the aid of chemical agents or by fractional crystallization, leads to a high purity grade of acrylic acid generally known as glacial acrylic acid or usable polymer grade acrylic acid. for the production of flocculants.
- All of these methods for purifying acrylic acid have in common the addition of polymerization inhibitors at different stages of purification in order to prevent the formation of polymers resulting from the polymerization of acrylic acid, and or by-products, and avoid fouling of the purification units, in particular distillation units.
- the addition of polymerization inhibitor is also necessary to stabilize the acrylic acid during its transportation and storage.
- nitroxide polymerization inhibitors have been proposed in patent FR 1,520,290, these compounds having a stabilizing property clearly superior to that of conventional inhibitors such as hydroquinone or benzoquinone.
- polymerization inhibitors are conventionally added to the streams, generally at the head equipment of distillation columns, condensers, etc. which may be the seat of a liquid-vapor equilibrium leading to the condensation of flows rich in (meth) acrylic monomer.
- EP 1 298 120 it is proposed to treat the flow of acrylic acid by reverse osmosis, to reduce the concentration of glyoxal contained in the permeation liquid to a content of less than 0.03% by weight. .
- This type of treatment Permeation is expensive in investment and maintenance (changing membranes) and can be difficult to implement on a charged flow.
- patent EP 1 396 484 only applies to the dehydration step in a recovery / purification process comprising the absorption of acrylic acid in the form of an aqueous solution, and consists in removing all from the dehydration column more than 50% of the glyoxal present in the aqueous solution of acrylic acid; a compound inhibiting the polymerization of acrylic acid may be added to the dehydration column.
- a compound inhibiting the polymerization of acrylic acid may be added to the dehydration column.
- These include, for example, hydroquinone, hydroquinone methyl ether, phenothiazine, or a 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinoxyl derivative, or mixtures thereof.
- benzoquinone or a quinoline derivative makes it possible to meet this need. It has thus been found that the presence of benzoquinone in a flux of acrylic acid containing a low glyoxal content makes it possible to effectively inhibit the polymerization of acrylic acid, and to reduce the fouling phenomena on the purification plants of acrylic acid. It also appeared the same effect for methacrylic acid which also has an increased risk of polymerization in the presence of glyoxal.
- Quinol derivatives in particular 1,4-benzoquinone, are generally known as polymerization inhibitors, but their particular effect on the inhibition of the polymerization of (meth) acrylic acid in the presence of glyoxal has never been described. . Accordingly, the invention proposes to provide a simple solution, easy to implement to maintain a high productivity of (meth) acrylic acid manufacturing processes. Summary of the invention
- the subject of the present invention is a process for preventing the deposition of compounds of a polymeric nature during purification operations of (meth) acrylic acid, characterized in that at least one flow of (meth) acid is added.
- R 1, R 2 , R 3, and R 4 independently denote a hydrogen atom or a C 1 -C 6 alkyl group, or R 1 and R 2 together with the atoms to which they are attached form a ring or heterocyclic saturated or unsaturated, preferably a phenyl and / or R 3 and R 4 form together and with the atoms to which they are attached a ring or heterocyclic saturated or unsaturated, preferably a phenyl group.
- said quinoline derivative in order to obtain the desired effect, must be added at a content expressed by the molar quinoline / glyoxal derivative ratio of between 0.1 and 5.
- the quinoline derivative is a compound selected from cyclic conjugated ethylenic diketones.
- the quinoline derivative may be chosen for example from 1,2-benzoquinone, 1,4-benzoquinone, naphthaquinone and anthraquinone.
- the quinoline derivative is introduced directly in liquid form, in solution in an aqueous solvent, or in solution in (meth) acrylic acid.
- the quinoline derivative is generated in situ in said (meth) acrylic acid stream.
- the (meth) acrylic acid may be of petrochemical origin or at least partly of renewable origin.
- purification operation is meant any step intended to modify the composition of the flow of (meth) acrylic acid of origin, for example during a separation operation of light by-products or heavy by-products, or during a dehydration operation.
- the purification operations may generally comprise distillations, liquid / liquid extractions, liquid / gas exchanges, separations using a film evaporator, or crystallizations.
- the flow of (meth) acrylic acid contains at least glyoxal, it being understood that the term "glyoxal” includes the glyoxal of formula C2O2H2 (ethanedial), as well as its derivatives which can be formed in situ in the process synthesis / purification of (meth) acrylic acid, in particular in the form of substituted glyoxal (for example methyl glyoxal), or in the form of monomeric or polymeric hydrates.
- glyoxal includes the glyoxal of formula C2O2H2 (ethanedial), as well as its derivatives which can be formed in situ in the process synthesis / purification of (meth) acrylic acid, in particular in the form of substituted glyoxal (for example methyl glyoxal), or in the form of monomeric or polymeric hydrates.
- the invention also relates to the use of at least one quinoline derivative to limit fouling problems during the purification of a flow of (meth) acrylic acid comprising at least glyoxal as impurity.
- Another subject of the invention relates to a process for purifying (meth) acrylic acid, characterized in that it comprises the addition of at least one quinolic derivative in a stream comprising at least (meth) acid acrylic and at least glyoxal.
- Another subject of the invention relates to a process for producing (meth) acrylic acid, characterized in that it comprises the said purification process.
- the aim of the invention is to produce technical (meth) acrylic acid without being confronted with the problem of fouling of the installations used to purify the crude reaction mixture of (meth) acrylic acid synthesis, in particular because of the presence of glyoxal formed during the synthesis process.
- the invention is based on the addition of a quinoline derivative corresponding to one of the formulas (I) or (II) in a (meth) acrylic acid stream containing glyoxal during purification steps, the quinoline / glyoxal derivative molar ratio being between 0.1 and 5.
- (meth) acrylic acid includes acrylic acid and methacrylic acid.
- the (meth) acrylic acid is acrylic acid.
- the (meth) acrylic acid may be of petrochemical origin or at least partly of renewable origin.
- acrylic acid is derived from a production process using propylene or propane as a raw material.
- the acrylic acid is obtained from a process using ethylene and CO 2 as raw materials.
- the acrylic acid is derived from a process using acetic acid as raw material.
- the methacrylic acid is obtained from isobutylene and / or tert-butanol, butane and / or isobutane.
- acrylic acid is derived from a production process using glycerol or glycerine as raw material.
- the acrylic acid is derived from a process for the dehydration of lactic acid or ammonium lactate, or of a process for the dehydration of 3-hydroxypropionic acid or of its ammonium salt.
- These compounds can be derived from the fermentation of biomass and / or sugars.
- incondensable light compounds under the conditions of temperature and pressure usually used: nitrogen, unconverted oxygen, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide formed in small quantities by ultimate oxidation or rotating in a circle, by recycling, in the process,
- condensable light compounds in particular water, generated by the synthesis reaction or as a diluent, unconverted acrolein, light aldehydes, such as formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and glyoxal, formic acid and acid; acetic, heavy compounds: furfuraldehyde, benzaldehyde, maleic acid and anhydride, benzoic acid, 2-butenoic acid, phenol, protoanemonin.
- water generated by the synthesis reaction or as a diluent, unconverted acrolein, light aldehydes, such as formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and glyoxal, formic acid and acid
- acetic, heavy compounds furfuraldehyde, benzaldehyde, maleic acid and anhydride, benzoic acid, 2-butenoic acid, phenol, protoanemonin.
- a light compound is a compound whose boiling point is lower than that of (meth) acrylic acid under the pressure conditions used.
- a heavy compound is a compound whose boiling point is higher than that of (meth) acrylic acid under the pressure conditions used.
- the second stage of manufacture involves recovering the acrylic acid contained in the crude reaction mixture to turn it into technical acrylic acid.
- the process for the recovery / purification of acrylic acid comprises the extraction of acrylic acid by counter-current absorption in the form of an aqueous solution of acrylic acid, followed by generally by a dehydration step which is carried out in the presence of a solvent of acrylic acid immiscible with water, but may form with water an azeotrope.
- a dehydration step by azeotropic distillation with the solvent makes it possible to achieve a separation of water that is efficient and less expensive in energy. It can also be coupled to a separation by liquid-liquid extraction.
- the process for the recovery / purification of acrylic acid comprises the extraction of acrylic acid by counter-current absorption by means of a hydrophobic heavy solvent, generally followed by the separation by distillation of a mixture containing the acrylic acid in solution in the hydrophobic heavy solvent.
- acrylic acid recovery / purification processes which furthermore carry out several distillation steps to eliminate the light compounds and / or the heavy compounds, are known in the prior art, and are for example described in the WO documents. 10/031949 and WO 11/114051 relating to the synthesis of acrylic acid from glycerol, to which reference may be made in the context of the present invention.
- the process for recovering / purifying acrylic acid does not use an external organic solvent.
- the process as described in patent EP 2066613 B1 can be used, using only two distillation columns - a dewatering column and a finishing column - without introducing a solvent.
- the partial condensation method described in US2016 / 090347 can be used.
- the glyoxal present as impurity in the medium to be treated is found in different streams during the various process operations. Indeed, it is a rather light compound, most of which is eliminated at the same time as acetic acid, but a sufficiently large part also distils with acrylic acid.
- the flow of acrylic acid into which a quinoline derivative is introduced to prevent the formation of insoluble polymers is preferably a liquid stream.
- This liquid stream may be a feed stream of a distillation column, or a condensate of a distillation column, or reflux of a distillation column, in the purification process.
- Said flow of acrylic acid generally comprises at least 10% by weight of acrylic acid, preferably at least 30% by weight, in particular at least 50% by weight of acrylic acid, and can comprise up to 99, 5% by weight of acrylic acid.
- Said flow of acrylic acid further comprises at least 10 ppm of glyoxal, and may comprise a glyoxal content ranging from 10 to 5000 ppm.
- the acrylic acid content in the streams can be determined by gas phase or liquid phase chromatography and the glyoxal content can be determined by liquid chromatography.
- Said flow of acrylic acid may also comprise at least one polymerization inhibitor, for example in particular from 50 ppm to 5% by weight, in particular from 0.01% to 3% by weight, relative to the medium containing acrylic acid.
- the polymerization inhibitor (s) can be chosen from phenolic derivatives such as hydroquinone and its derivatives such as methyl ether of hydroquinone; 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methyl phenol (BHT); and 2,4-dimethyl-6-tert-butylphenol (Topanol A); phenothiazine and its derivatives; manganese salts, such as manganese acetate; the salts of thiocarbamic or dithiocarbamic acid, such as thiocarbamates and metal dithiocarbamates, such as copper di-n-butyldithiocarbamate; N-oxyl compounds, such as 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinoxyl (4-OH-TEMPO); compounds with
- the flow of acrylic acid comprises phenothiazine as a polymerization inhibitor, at a content ranging from 50 ppm to 5% by weight, in particular from 100 ppm to 1% by weight. .
- the quinoline derivative corresponding to one of the formulas (I) or (II) above is generally introduced in liquid form, in solution in an aqueous solvent, or in solution in acrylic acid.
- 1,4-Benzoquinone is preferably used as the quinoline compound.
- the quinoline derivative can be generated in situ in the acrylic acid stream, in particular from a hydroquinone derivative or a catechol derivative, and an oxidizing compound, according to the following reaction schemes:
- the groups R 1, R 2 , R 3 and R 4 meet the definitions defined above.
- the groups R 1 to R 4 are the hydrogen atom, the in situ generation of the quinoline derivative being carried out from hydroquinone or catechol.
- This embodiment may be advantageous in order to avoid the delicate handling of certain quinol derivatives.
- the oxidation can be carried out using an oxidizing compound chosen, for example, from metal salts, in particular manganese or copper salts, or N-oxyl derivatives, in particular 4-OH-Tempo,
- the 1,4-benzoquinone is generated in situ by oxidation of the hydroquinone with the aid of an oxidizing compound such as 4-OH-Tempo, according to the following reaction:
- hydroquinone is a polymerization inhibitor widely used in acrylic acid manufacturing processes, and may already be present in the various acrylic acid streams comprising glyoxal. Polymeric deposition of formation during the acrylic acid purification operations can then be avoided by simply adding 4-OH-Tempo, in the form of a low-toxicity aqueous solution available commercially, the benzoquinone then being generated in situ.
- the content of quinoline derivative introduced into the flow of acrylic acid to prevent fouling of the plant, expressed by the molar ratio quinoline / glyoxal derivative is between 0, 1 and 5.
- the quinoline derivative is introduced. so that the molar ratio quinoline / glyoxal derivative is between 0.2 and 5, preferably between 0.2 and 3, in particular between 0.5 and 2.
- a quinoline derivative, preferably 1,4-benzoquinone is introduced or generated in situ.
- a quinoline derivative preferably 1,4-benzoquinone
- a distillation column in which (which) concentrate acetic acid and glyoxal in a process for producing acrylic acid from propylene.
- a quinoline derivative preferably benzoquinone
- an acrylic acid stream comprising from 90 to 99.5% by weight of acrylic acid, from 10 to 1000 ppm of glyoxal and 100 to 10,000 ppm phenothiazine.
- the method of purifying acrylic acid according to the invention comprising the addition of at least one quinoline derivative in a stream comprising at least acrylic acid and at least glyoxal, can be easily part of any synthesis process of acrylic acid.
- PTZ phenothiazine (CAS 92-84-2)
- the medium was placed in an oil bath at 110 ° C under 230 mbar for 2 h. An air bubble of 5 ml / min was applied for the duration of the experiment. At the end of the experiment, the The liquid phase was drained and any solids present were recovered, dried under vacuum and weighed.
- Benzoquinone and naphthaquinone have sufficiently inhibited the polymerization of acrylic acid to prevent the formation of insoluble solids that can lead to fouling of the plant (tests 23 to 30).
- Example 3 Use of Benzoquinone Generated in situ, Continuous Testing
- An industrial flow of acrylic acid containing about 50 ppm of glyoxal (0.91 mmol / l), 200 ppm HQ (1.91 mmol / l) and adding 1000 ppm of PTZ was injected at a rate of 100 g / h. in a glass thermosiphon reboiler of approximately 200 ml, surmounted by a total reflux condenser and equipped with an overflow (ie a residence time of 2 h).
- the reboiler operates at 110 ° C in the liquid under a pressure of 380 mbar.
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- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (6)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP17816997.5A EP3551603A1 (fr) | 2016-12-08 | 2017-12-06 | Procede pour eviter le depot de polymeres dans un procede de purification d'acide (meth)acrylique |
| JP2019530722A JP7016366B2 (ja) | 2016-12-08 | 2017-12-06 | (メタ)アクリル酸の精製方法におけるポリマーの析出防止方法 |
| KR1020197019660A KR102455976B1 (ko) | 2016-12-08 | 2017-12-06 | (메트)아크릴산의 정제 공정에서 폴리머의 침착을 방지하는 방법 |
| CN201780075340.2A CN110049962B (zh) | 2016-12-08 | 2017-12-06 | 防止在纯化(甲基)丙烯酸的方法中聚合物沉积的方法 |
| US16/465,171 US10781157B2 (en) | 2016-12-08 | 2017-12-06 | Process for preventing the deposition of polymers in a process for purifying (meth)acrylic acid |
| BR112019010354-6A BR112019010354B1 (pt) | 2016-12-08 | 2017-12-06 | Processo para evitar a deposição de polímeros em um processo para a purificação de ácido (met)acrílico |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1662118 | 2016-12-08 | ||
| FR1662118A FR3060000B1 (fr) | 2016-12-08 | 2016-12-08 | Procede pour eviter le depot de polymeres dans un procede de purification d'acide (meth)acrylique. |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2018104661A1 true WO2018104661A1 (fr) | 2018-06-14 |
Family
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/FR2017/053414 Ceased WO2018104661A1 (fr) | 2016-12-08 | 2017-12-06 | Procede pour eviter le depot de polymeres dans un procede de purification d'acide (meth)acrylique |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US10781157B2 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP3551603A1 (fr) |
| JP (1) | JP7016366B2 (fr) |
| KR (1) | KR102455976B1 (fr) |
| CN (1) | CN110049962B (fr) |
| BR (1) | BR112019010354B1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3060000B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2018104661A1 (fr) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112469686A (zh) * | 2018-07-26 | 2021-03-09 | 巴斯夫欧洲公司 | 抑制液相p中存在的丙烯酸的不想要的自由基聚合的方法 |
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| CN113825723B (zh) | 2019-04-02 | 2024-12-13 | 埃科莱布美国股份有限公司 | 具有减少的酸用量的纯二氧化氯生成系统 |
| CN115335354A (zh) * | 2020-03-26 | 2022-11-11 | 巴斯夫欧洲公司 | 抑制存在于液相p中的丙烯酸的不期望的自由基聚合的方法 |
| TW202348787A (zh) | 2022-04-01 | 2023-12-16 | 美商藝康美國公司 | 用於乙烯系單體流之高苛刻度加工的防汙劑組成物 |
| TW202348786A (zh) | 2022-04-01 | 2023-12-16 | 美商藝康美國公司 | 用於蒸氣空間應用之防汙劑組成物 |
| TW202404930A (zh) | 2022-04-01 | 2024-02-01 | 美商藝康美國公司 | 在共軛二烯單體之萃取蒸餾期間減少非所要之乳化聚合 |
| WO2025131819A2 (fr) * | 2023-12-19 | 2025-06-26 | IFP Energies Nouvelles | Procédé de production d'acide bio-acrylique |
| JP7646895B1 (ja) * | 2024-01-30 | 2025-03-17 | 伯東株式会社 | ビニル化合物中の重合防止方法 |
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| EP0765856A1 (fr) | 1994-06-27 | 1997-04-02 | Lutz Riemenschneider | Compositions d'acide acrylique stabilisées |
| EP0806407A2 (fr) | 1996-05-07 | 1997-11-12 | Rohm And Haas Company | Réduction d'impuretés carbonylées des acides et esters alpha,béta-insaturés |
| EP1298120A2 (fr) | 2001-09-28 | 2003-04-02 | Nippon Shokubai Co., Ltd. | Procédé de préparation d'acide (méth)acrylique |
| EP1396484A1 (fr) | 2002-09-03 | 2004-03-10 | Nippon Shokubai Co., Ltd. | Procédé pour empêcher la polymérisation dans un procédé de fabrication d'acide acrylique |
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2016
- 2016-12-08 FR FR1662118A patent/FR3060000B1/fr active Active
-
2017
- 2017-12-06 JP JP2019530722A patent/JP7016366B2/ja active Active
- 2017-12-06 WO PCT/FR2017/053414 patent/WO2018104661A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2017-12-06 BR BR112019010354-6A patent/BR112019010354B1/pt active IP Right Grant
- 2017-12-06 EP EP17816997.5A patent/EP3551603A1/fr active Pending
- 2017-12-06 US US16/465,171 patent/US10781157B2/en active Active
- 2017-12-06 KR KR1020197019660A patent/KR102455976B1/ko active Active
- 2017-12-06 CN CN201780075340.2A patent/CN110049962B/zh active Active
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| FR1520290A (fr) | 1966-04-26 | 1968-04-05 | Bp Chem Int Ltd | Procédé de stabilisation de l'acide acrylique |
| EP0765856A1 (fr) | 1994-06-27 | 1997-04-02 | Lutz Riemenschneider | Compositions d'acide acrylique stabilisées |
| EP0806407A2 (fr) | 1996-05-07 | 1997-11-12 | Rohm And Haas Company | Réduction d'impuretés carbonylées des acides et esters alpha,béta-insaturés |
| EP1298120A2 (fr) | 2001-09-28 | 2003-04-02 | Nippon Shokubai Co., Ltd. | Procédé de préparation d'acide (méth)acrylique |
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| EP2066613A2 (fr) | 2006-09-15 | 2009-06-10 | Dow Global Technologies Inc. | Procede de production d'acide acrylique |
| WO2010031949A1 (fr) | 2008-09-16 | 2010-03-25 | Arkema France | Procede de fabrication d'acide acrylique bio-ressource de grade polymere a partir de glycerol |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112469686A (zh) * | 2018-07-26 | 2021-03-09 | 巴斯夫欧洲公司 | 抑制液相p中存在的丙烯酸的不想要的自由基聚合的方法 |
| CN112469686B (zh) * | 2018-07-26 | 2024-04-05 | 巴斯夫欧洲公司 | 抑制液相p中存在的丙烯酸的不想要的自由基聚合的方法 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN110049962A (zh) | 2019-07-23 |
| JP2019536809A (ja) | 2019-12-19 |
| FR3060000A1 (fr) | 2018-06-15 |
| BR112019010354A2 (pt) | 2019-08-27 |
| KR20190091523A (ko) | 2019-08-06 |
| US10781157B2 (en) | 2020-09-22 |
| BR112019010354B1 (pt) | 2022-10-04 |
| FR3060000B1 (fr) | 2020-05-01 |
| CN110049962B (zh) | 2021-12-14 |
| JP7016366B2 (ja) | 2022-02-21 |
| US20200002262A1 (en) | 2020-01-02 |
| EP3551603A1 (fr) | 2019-10-16 |
| KR102455976B1 (ko) | 2022-10-17 |
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