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WO2018102894A1 - Process for producing a ceramic proppant from iron ore and/or exploitation tailings thereof and/or processing waste thereof by fine and ultrafine particle agglomeration - pcf - Google Patents

Process for producing a ceramic proppant from iron ore and/or exploitation tailings thereof and/or processing waste thereof by fine and ultrafine particle agglomeration - pcf Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018102894A1
WO2018102894A1 PCT/BR2017/000035 BR2017000035W WO2018102894A1 WO 2018102894 A1 WO2018102894 A1 WO 2018102894A1 BR 2017000035 W BR2017000035 W BR 2017000035W WO 2018102894 A1 WO2018102894 A1 WO 2018102894A1
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waste
pellets
iron ore
tailings
ceramic
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Portuguese (pt)
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Fernando Gabriel DA SILVA ARAÚJO
Jefferson JANUÁRIO MENDES
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Smx Empreendimentos Consultoria Em Engenharia Ltda
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Smx Empreendimentos Consultoria Em Engenharia Ltda
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22BPRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B1/00Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
    • C22B1/14Agglomerating; Briquetting; Binding; Granulating
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/20Recycling

Definitions

  • This invention relates to industry
  • the ceramic potant described herein must be primarily but not only iron ore and / or waste from its exploitation and / or tailings, which typically contain, as major phases, primarily iron oxides. , iron, silica and clay mineral hydroxides. Other raw materials of similar properties and origins, such as those from manganese exploitation, for example, can potentially be employed. for the same purpose, and its uses are also encompassed by this application.
  • Propellants are granular materials used as holding agents when introduced into a fractured rock mixed with a liquid. Such a liquid is used in one of the oil well drilling techniques, which consists of opening fractures in the rock through a fluid at high pressure. Some of the requirements for such an application are suitable grain size and size distribution, with good sphericity, roundness and mechanical strength,
  • the process of producing proppant from iron ore and / or sterile from its exploitation and / or from its fine and ultra-fine particulate tailings consists of the wet mixing of particles, preferably in the fraction smaller than 0.148 mm, with predefined quantities of binder, basic and energetic oxides, all these optional, followed by pelletizing agglomeration, which by the action of the surface tension of capillarity, promotes the formation of a good sphericity agglomerate, which after subjected to a specific heat treatment, has high mechanical resistance to handling.
  • Thickeners Tanks or sedimentation equipment employed in a particular type of solid-liquid separation used to increase the concentration of slurry solids to convenient values for subsequent operations such as pumping and filtering.
  • Filters Equipment of the unitary filtration process, which consists of separating a solid phase from a liquid phase. Basically, an operation of separating solids present in a pulp, in which the liquid phase is compelled to pass through a porous medium, this called filtering medium, while the solid phase, called filtration cake, forms a layer over the porous medium surface.
  • Drum or pellet disc Equipment that revolves the mixing of raw materials for pellet formation (agglomerates typically in the order of size 6mm to 20mm in diameter) and minipellets (agglomerates typically in the order of size less than 6mm in diameter) . .
  • Heat treatment furnace Equipment for the specific thermal processing of pellets and mini-pellets to obtain the Propante Ceramic product with high mechanical resistance to handling.
  • PLC Programmable Logic Controller
  • the mechanism of formation of raw propellant pellets and mini-pellets occurs from a phenomenon involving solid phases and liquid phases.
  • the solid phases are typically the mixture of iron ore fines and / or uitrafins and / or sterile from their excretion and / or from their processing tailings, additives and binders, and the liquid phase is typically water.
  • the physical process of agglomeration is due to the mechanical forces of compression and impact of the rolling of solid particles with water in the pelletizer (mixer, disc or drum), being influenced by the particle size distribution, the specific surface and the wettability of the particles, where raw material grains they undergo successive bearings, whose rotational movement and proper inclination promote agglomerate growth and later formation of propellant pellets and mini-pellets.
  • the quality of the raw propellant pellets and mini-pellets depends on the following variables: particle size distribution of the iron ore particles and / or, sterile from their exploitation and / or waste from their beneficiation and inputs; moisture in the diet; dosages of binders; rotation and inclination of the pelletizer; feed rate. These variables must ensure the proper residence time of the material within the pelletizer so that fine-grained and finely granulated pellets and mini-pellets are produced. This means that good performance of the pellet process will result in good thermal processing performance.
  • STEP 3 Thermal Processing of Propellant Pellets and Mini-Pellets.
  • This phase refers to an oven region where the pellets and mini-pellets will be prepared for future reactions that will occur in the firing phase.
  • the main typical reactions of this phase are: Thermal decomposition of carbonates, hydroxides and clays. CaO reactions with other components.
  • Thermal decomposition reactions of fluxing compounds Thermal decomposition reactions of metal sulfides. Transformation reactions of metal sulfides to sulphates. Thermal decomposition reactions of kaolinite and bentonite clay minerals.
  • the construction of the internal phase structure of the pellets and mini-pellets occurs, concurrently with the sintering reaction in the solid state, which will determine the structural density, pore structure and, as a consequence, the mechanical and permeability properties of the pellets and mini-pellets.
  • the micropellets may show a variation in the composition of mineralogical phases depending on several factors, such as the chemical and mineralogical composition of the raw material and also the additives that were used.
  • the mineralogical composition and the quality of the micropellet also depend to a large extent on the burning conditions used, because each reaction type and its products depend on the physicochemical conditions. reaction medium, such as temperature, pressure and time spent in the firing phase.
  • This application introduces the possibility of additional steps of grading size grading suitability in the grading circuit.
  • Such separation steps can be performed using any type of equipment, including sieves, rollers, mills, and can take place before entering the PCF process, at its output, or between units in series or in parallel with the process, taking your flows.
  • the suitability and agglomeration of the fine and ultrafine particles of iron ore and / or its sterile excretion and / or processing tailings, using the PCF process may be carried out simultaneously on different equipment, each acting to suit the specific grain size. This promotes greater process selectivity, allowing greater productivity and product quality.
  • this application includes circuit optimization, suitable for the ceramic proppant production process, for different mineralogies, particle size range and type of material used PCF.
  • the process has been developed and refined for various materials containing fine and ultra-fine particles of iron ore and / or sterile from their expotation and / or beneficiation tailings over 20 months, even applying to tailings. sludge, flotation and magnetic separation, among others.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)

Abstract

The present patent document relates to products and processes for producing a ceramic proppant from iron ore and/or exploitation tailings thereof and/or processing waste thereof and/or fine and ultrafine particles of other origins with similar properties, by agglomeration of said materials and subsequent heat treatment, resulting from the combination of distinct technologies, previously used for other purposes, capable of producing a ceramic material, transforming the materials, including waste and tailings from other processes, into products with high added value, in addition to, evidently, reducing the impact of mining activity, with improved use of mineral resources. Such practice, in the future, could allow waste and tailings that end up in new waste dams and heaps to be reduced, as well as structures such as heaps and old dams to be recovered.

Description

PROCESSO DE PRODUÇÃO DE PROPANTE CERÂMICO A PARTIR DE MINÉRIO DE FERRO E/OU, ESTÉREIS DE SUA EXPLOTAÇÃO E/OU DE REJEITOS DE SEU BENEFICIAMENTO, POR AGLOMERAÇÃO DE (RO)  CERAMIC PROPANT PRODUCTION PROCESS FROM IRON ORE AND / OR STERILE FROM ITS EXPLOTATION AND / OR WASTE FROM YOUR BENEFIT BY (RO)

PARTÍCULAS FINAS E ULTRAFINAS - PCF  FINE AND ULTRAFINE PARTICULARS - PCF

1. Refere-se a presente patente de invenção, que diz respeito à indústria 1. This invention relates to industry

minero-metalúrgica, a um processo de produção de propante cerâmico, a partir do minério de ferro e/ou, estéreis de sua explotação e/ou de rejeitos de seu beneficiamento, , por aglomeração desses materiais, e posterior tratamento térmico, resultante da associação de tecnologias distintas, antes utilizadas para outros fins, capaz de obter um material cerâmico, transformando matérias primas e resíduos em um produto de aito valor agregado, além, é claro, de reduzir o impacto resultante da atividade mineradora, com o melhor aproveitamento dos recursos minerais. A prática permitirá a redução da destinação de rejeitos em novas barragens e a retomada de estruturas como pilhas e antigas barragens, contribuindo para evitar danos ao meio ambiente.  metallurgical, to a process of production of ceramic proppant, from iron ore and / or, sterile from its exploitation and / or from the tailings of its beneficiation, by agglomeration of these materials, and subsequent heat treatment, resulting from the association different technologies, previously used for other purposes, capable of obtaining a ceramic material, transforming raw materials and waste into a high value-added product, and of course, reducing the impact of mining activity, with the best use of resources. minerals. The practice will reduce the disposal of tailings in new dams and resume structures such as piles and old dams, helping to avoid damage to the environment.

2. Para a contextualização das matérias primas propostas para o  2. For the contextualization of the raw materials proposed for the

propante cerâmico aqui descrito, deve-se incluir primordialmente, mas não somente, minério de ferro e/ou, estéreis de sua explotação e/ou de rejeitos de seu beneficiamento, os quais tipicamente, contém, como fases majoritárias, primordialmente, óxidos de ferro, hidróxidos de ferro, sílica e argilominerais. Outras matérias primas de propriedades e origens semelhantes, como as advindas da explotação do manganês, por exemplo, potencialmente podem ser empregadas com a mesma finalidade, sendo também seus usos englobados por este pedido. For the ceramic potant described herein, it must be primarily but not only iron ore and / or waste from its exploitation and / or tailings, which typically contain, as major phases, primarily iron oxides. , iron, silica and clay mineral hydroxides. Other raw materials of similar properties and origins, such as those from manganese exploitation, for example, can potentially be employed. for the same purpose, and its uses are also encompassed by this application.

3. Propantes são materiais granulares usados como agentes de sustentação, quando introduzidos em uma rocha fraturada, misturada com um líquido. Tal líquido é usado em uma das técnicas de perfuração de poços de petróleo, que consiste em abrir fraturas na rocha através de um fluido a alta pressão. Alguns dos requisitos para tal aplicação são tamanhos e distribuição de tamanhos de granulados adequados, com boa esfericidade, arredondamento e resistência mecânica,  3. Propellants are granular materials used as holding agents when introduced into a fractured rock mixed with a liquid. Such a liquid is used in one of the oil well drilling techniques, which consists of opening fractures in the rock through a fluid at high pressure. Some of the requirements for such an application are suitable grain size and size distribution, with good sphericity, roundness and mechanical strength,

4. O processo de produção de propante a partir de minério de ferro e/ou, estéreis de sua explotação e/ou de rejeitos de seu beneficiamento, com partículas finas e ultrafinas, consiste na mistura úmida de partículas, preferencialmente, na fração menor que 0,148 mm, com quantidades pré-definidas de aglomerante, óxidos básicos e energéticos, todos estes opcionais, seguida de aglomeração em pelotizador, que pela ação da tensão superficial de capilaridade, promove a formação de um aglomerado de boa esfericidade, que depois de submetido a um tratamento térmico específico, apresenta elevada resistência mecânica ao manuseio.  4. The process of producing proppant from iron ore and / or sterile from its exploitation and / or from its fine and ultra-fine particulate tailings consists of the wet mixing of particles, preferably in the fraction smaller than 0.148 mm, with predefined quantities of binder, basic and energetic oxides, all these optional, followed by pelletizing agglomeration, which by the action of the surface tension of capillarity, promotes the formation of a good sphericity agglomerate, which after subjected to a specific heat treatment, has high mechanical resistance to handling.

5. A associação de tecnologias distintas, antes utilizadas para outros fins, consiste, na aplicação da presente patente de invenção, no uso de:  5. The association of different technologies, previously used for other purposes, consists in the application of the present invention, the use of:

Espessadores: Tanques ou equipamentos de sedimentação empregados em um tipo particular de separação sólido-líquido, utilizado para aumentar a concentração de sólidos de polpas até valores convenientes para operações subsequentes, como bombeamento e filtragem. Thickeners: Tanks or sedimentation equipment employed in a particular type of solid-liquid separation used to increase the concentration of slurry solids to convenient values for subsequent operations such as pumping and filtering.

Filtros: Equipamentos do processo unitário de filtragem, que consiste na separação de uma fase sólida de uma fase líquida. Basicamente, uma operação de separação de sólidos presentes em uma polpa, na qual a fase líquida é compelida a passar através de um meio poroso, este denominado meio filtrante, ao passo que a fase sólida, nomeada torta de filtração, forma uma camada sobre a superfície do meio poroso.  Filters: Equipment of the unitary filtration process, which consists of separating a solid phase from a liquid phase. Basically, an operation of separating solids present in a pulp, in which the liquid phase is compelled to pass through a porous medium, this called filtering medium, while the solid phase, called filtration cake, forms a layer over the porous medium surface.

Misturador e misturador intensivo: Equipamento para homogeneização da mistura úmida de matérias primas, com quantidades pré-deflnidas de aglomerante, óxidos básicos e energéticos.  Mixer and Intensive Mixer: Equipment for homogenizing the wet mix of raw materials with predefined amounts of binder, basic and energy oxides.

Tambor ou disco de pelota mento: Equipamento que revolve a mistura de matérias primas, para a formação de pelotas (aglomerados tipicamente da ordem de tamanho de 6mm a 20mm de diâmetro) e minipelotas (aglomerados tipicamente da ordem de tamanho inferior a 6mm de diâmetro). .  Drum or pellet disc: Equipment that revolves the mixing of raw materials for pellet formation (agglomerates typically in the order of size 6mm to 20mm in diameter) and minipellets (agglomerates typically in the order of size less than 6mm in diameter) . .

Forno de tratamento térmico: Equipamento para processamento térmico específico, das pelotas e minipelotas, para obtenção do produto Propante Cerâmico, com elevada resistência mecânica ao manuseio.  Heat treatment furnace: Equipment for the specific thermal processing of pellets and mini-pellets to obtain the Propante Ceramic product with high mechanical resistance to handling.

Controlador Lógico Programável (PLC): Dispositivo para controle de todas as funções do processamento, para aumentar a qualidade e produtividade, com mínima supervisão ou intervenção de operador. Peneiras classificadoras: Equipamentos que visam classificação, segundo o tamanho e ajuste final, na especificação granulométrica do Propante Cerâmico. Programmable Logic Controller (PLC): Device for controlling all processing functions to increase quality and productivity with minimal operator supervision or intervention. Sorting Sieves: Equipment that aims to classify, according to size and final fit, the size specification of the Ceramic Propante.

6. As etapas utilizadas para se obter o propante cerâmico (produto), a partir da aglomeração e processamento térmico do minério de ferro e/ou, estéreis de sua expiotação e/ou de rejeitos de seu beneficiamento, são descritas a seguir: 6. The steps used to obtain the ceramic proppant (product), from the agglomeration and thermal processing of iron ore and / or sterile from its expotation and / or from the tailings of its beneficiation, are described below:

ETAPA 1: Preparação de matérias primas para a produção de propante. STEP 1: Preparation of Raw Materials for Proppant Production.

O material passa pelos processos de Espessamento; Filtragem; Homogeneização; Adições (aglomerante, fundente) em proporções adequadas para que as pelotas e minipelotas de Propante adquiram as características físicas e químicas especificadas para o processo. ETAPA 2: Produção de pelotas e minipelotas cruas de propante:  The material goes through the Thickening processes; Filtration; Homogenization; Additions (binder, flux) in appropriate proportions so that Propellant pellets and mini-pellets acquire the physical and chemical characteristics specified for the process. STEP 2: Production of Raw Propellant Pellets and Mini-Pellets:

O mecanismo de formação de pelotas e minipelotas cruas de propante ocorrem a partir de um fenómeno que envolve fases sólidas e fases líquidas. As fases sólidas são tipicamente a mistura de finos e uitrafinos de minério de ferro e/ou, estéreis de sua expiotação e/ou de rejeitos de seu beneficiamento, aditivos e aglomerantes, e a fase líquida é tipicamente a água.  The mechanism of formation of raw propellant pellets and mini-pellets occurs from a phenomenon involving solid phases and liquid phases. The solid phases are typically the mixture of iron ore fines and / or uitrafins and / or sterile from their excretion and / or from their processing tailings, additives and binders, and the liquid phase is typically water.

7. O processo físico de aglomeração é decorrente das forças mecânicas de compressão e impacto do rolamento de partículas sólidas com água no pelotizador (misturador, disco ou tambor), sendo influenciada pela distribuição granulométrica, a superfície especifica e a molhabilidade das partículas, onde os grãos de matéria prima sofrem rolamentos sucessivos, cujo movimento de rotação e inclinação adequada promovem o crescimento do aglomerado e, posteriormente, formação das pelotas e minipelotas de propante.7. The physical process of agglomeration is due to the mechanical forces of compression and impact of the rolling of solid particles with water in the pelletizer (mixer, disc or drum), being influenced by the particle size distribution, the specific surface and the wettability of the particles, where raw material grains they undergo successive bearings, whose rotational movement and proper inclination promote agglomerate growth and later formation of propellant pellets and mini-pellets.

8. A qualidade das pelotas e minipelotas cruas de propante depende das seguintes variáveis: distribuição granuiométrica das partículas do minério de ferro e/ou, estéreis de sua explotação e/ou de rejeitos de seu beneficiamento e dos insumos; umídade da alimentação; dosagens dos aglomerantes; rotação e inclinação do pelotizador; taxa de alimentação. Estas variáveis devem garantir o tempo adequado de residência do material dentro do pelotizador para que sejam produzidas pelotas e minipelotas granulometricamente homogéneas e bem acabadas. Isso significa que a boa performance do processo de pelotamento resultará em um bom desempenho do processamento térmico. 8. The quality of the raw propellant pellets and mini-pellets depends on the following variables: particle size distribution of the iron ore particles and / or, sterile from their exploitation and / or waste from their beneficiation and inputs; moisture in the diet; dosages of binders; rotation and inclination of the pelletizer; feed rate. These variables must ensure the proper residence time of the material within the pelletizer so that fine-grained and finely granulated pellets and mini-pellets are produced. This means that good performance of the pellet process will result in good thermal processing performance.

ETAPA 3: Processamento térmico das pelotas e minipelotas de propante. STEP 3: Thermal Processing of Propellant Pellets and Mini-Pellets.

9. Durante o processamento térmico das pelotas e minipelotas de propante ocorre uma série de reações em sequência, regidas pelos parâmetros físicos e químicos das pelotas e minipelotas cruas e pelas condições da queima. Essas reações são responsáveis pela formação de uma variedade de compostos e fases, que juntos formam a estrutura interna das pelotas e minipelotas. Esses compostos e fases são os responsáveis pelo endurecimento e resistência final das pelotas e minipelotas. Cada pelota e minipelota tem qualidade típica associada ao tipo de minério, aos aditivos e aglomerantes bem como às condições de queima utilizadas. 10. Durante o processamento térmico das pelotas e minipelotas de propante, ocorrem os seguintes estágios: 9. During the thermal processing of the propellant pellets and mini-pellets a series of sequence reactions occur, governed by the physical and chemical parameters of the raw pellets and mini-pellets and the firing conditions. These reactions are responsible for the formation of a variety of compounds and phases, which together form the internal structure of the pellets and mini-pellets. These compounds and phases are responsible for the hardening and ultimate strength of pellets and mini-pellets. Each pellet and mini-pellet has typical quality associated with the type of ore, additives and binders as well as the burning conditions used. 10. During thermal processing of propellant pellets and mini-pellets, the following stages occur:

Estagio 1: Secagem e aquecimento Stage 1: Drying and Heating

Ocorre perda de água adsorvida ou capilar e água combinada. No processo de secagem, enquanto a umidade vai sendo eliminada, as partículas de aditivos em suspensão na água e os sais dissolvidos, vão gradativamente aumentando a sua concentração até o momento em que começam a precipitar e a se solidificar em forma de partículas pequenas, combinando com partículas do minério.  Loss of adsorbed or capillary water and combined water occurs. In the drying process, while moisture is being eliminated, additive particles suspended in water and dissolved salts gradually increase their concentration until they begin to precipitate and solidify into small particles, combining with ore particles.

Estagio 2: Pré-queima  Stage 2: Preburn

Na fase de pré-queima, ocorre uma série de reações de importância fundamental para a qualidade das pelotas e minipelotas. Esta fase se refere a uma região do forno onde as pelotas e minipelotas vão ser preparadas para futuras reações que ocorrerão na fase de queima. As principais reações típicas desta fase são: Decomposição térmica de carbonatos, hidróxidos e argilas. Reações do CaO com os demais componentes.  In the pre-firing phase, a series of reactions of fundamental importance to the quality of the pellets and mini-pellets occurs. This phase refers to an oven region where the pellets and mini-pellets will be prepared for future reactions that will occur in the firing phase. The main typical reactions of this phase are: Thermal decomposition of carbonates, hydroxides and clays. CaO reactions with other components.

Reações de decomposição térmica de compostos fluxantes. Reações de decomposição térmica de suifetos metálicos. Reações de transformação dos suifetos metálicos a sulfatos.

Figure imgf000007_0001
Reações de decomposição térmica de minerais argilosos, tipo caulinita e bentonita. Thermal decomposition reactions of fluxing compounds. Thermal decomposition reactions of metal sulfides. Transformation reactions of metal sulfides to sulphates.
Figure imgf000007_0001
Thermal decomposition reactions of kaolinite and bentonite clay minerals.

Estagio 3: Queima Stage 3: Burning

Ocorre a construção da estrutura de fases internas das pelotas e minipelotas, concomitantemente com a reaçâo de sinterização no estado sólido, o que determinará a densidade estrutural, a estrutura de poros e, como consequência, as propriedades mecânicas e de permeabilidade das pelotas e minipelotas. As micropelotas, após queimadas, podem mostrar uma variação na composição de fases mineralógicas dependendo de vários fatores, como a composição química e mineralógica da matéria prima e também dos aditivos que foram utilizados. The construction of the internal phase structure of the pellets and mini-pellets occurs, concurrently with the sintering reaction in the solid state, which will determine the structural density, pore structure and, as a consequence, the mechanical and permeability properties of the pellets and mini-pellets. After burning, the micropellets may show a variation in the composition of mineralogical phases depending on several factors, such as the chemical and mineralogical composition of the raw material and also the additives that were used.

11. Além desses fatores ligados às matérias primas e insumos adicionados às pelotas e minipelotas, a composição mineralógica e a qualidade da micropelota dependem também em grande parte das condições de queima utilizadas, porque cada tipo de reação e seus produtos dependem das condições físico-químicas do meio de reação, tais como temperatura, pressão e tempo de permanência na fase de queima. 11. In addition to these factors related to the raw materials and inputs added to the pellets and mini-pellets, the mineralogical composition and the quality of the micropellet also depend to a large extent on the burning conditions used, because each reaction type and its products depend on the physicochemical conditions. reaction medium, such as temperature, pressure and time spent in the firing phase.

ETAPA 4: Obtenção do propante cerâmico (Produto) STEP 4: Obtaining the Ceramic Proppant (Product)

Nesta fase, ocorre o processo de resfriamento do propante cerâmico, obtido no processamento térmico, e a classificação segundo a qualidade, resistência mecânica e faixa granulométrica, conforme as especificações do produto.  In this phase, the process of cooling of the ceramic proppant, obtained in the thermal processing, occurs and the classification according to the quality, mechanical resistance and granulometric range, according to the product specifications.

12. Para seu funcionamento adequado e eficiência, no entanto, o processo deve ser ajustado para cada matéria prima a ser tratada, sendo ainda requeridos os ajustes abaixo. 12. For proper operation and efficiency, however, the process must be adjusted for each raw material to be treated and further adjustments are required below.

• Dimensionamento dos módulos de produção e dos parâmetros de construção e operação dos equipamentos, para diferentes materiais utilizados como matéria prima. • Dimensionamento dos módulos de produção, visando a sua viabilidade com alta eficiência e altas capacidades de produção e produtividade, como é fundamentai na indústria mineral.• Design of production modules and equipment construction and operation parameters for different materials used as raw material. • Dimensioning of production modules, aiming at their viability with high efficiency and high production capacities and productivity, as is fundamental in the mineral industry.

• Possibilidade de inclusão de PLC, com seus respectivos ajustes.• Possibility of including PLC, with their respective adjustments.

13. Este pedido introduz a possibilidade de etapas adicionais adequação de granulometria, de separação por tamanho, no circuito de classificação. Tais etapas de separação podem ser executadas com o uso de quaisquer tipos de equipamentos, incluindo peneiras, rolos, moinhos, e pode acontecer antes da entrada no processo PCF, na sua saída, ou entre unidades em série ou em paralelo com o processo, tomando seus fluxos. 13. This application introduces the possibility of additional steps of grading size grading suitability in the grading circuit. Such separation steps can be performed using any type of equipment, including sieves, rollers, mills, and can take place before entering the PCF process, at its output, or between units in series or in parallel with the process, taking your flows.

14. Com esta medida, a adequação e a aglomeração das partículas finas e ultrafinas do minério de ferro e/ou, estéreis de sua expíotação e/ou de rejeitos de seu beneficiamento, utilizadas o processo PCF, poderá ser efetuado simultaneamente em diferentes equipamentos, cada qual atuando para adequar a granulometria específica. Com isto promove-se a maior seletividade do processo, permitindo maior produtividade e qualidade dos produtos.  14. With this measure, the suitability and agglomeration of the fine and ultrafine particles of iron ore and / or its sterile excretion and / or processing tailings, using the PCF process, may be carried out simultaneously on different equipment, each acting to suit the specific grain size. This promotes greater process selectivity, allowing greater productivity and product quality.

15. Com respeito aos processos previamente existentes no estado da técnica, este pedido inclui a otimização do circuito, adequado ao processo de produção de propante cerâmico, para diferentes mineralogias, faixa granulométrica e tipo de material utilizado PCF. 15. With respect to prior art processes, this application includes circuit optimization, suitable for the ceramic proppant production process, for different mineralogies, particle size range and type of material used PCF.

16. A produção de propantes cerâmicos tem potencial para agregar valor ao minério de ferro e/ou, estéreis de sua expíotação e/ou de rejeitos de seu beneficiamento, com especial ênfase aos dois últimos materiais, posto que são usualmente descartados, gerando custos e impactos ambientais e de segurança. Em função disto, com as inovações acima descritas, podem ser implementados os seguintes processos: 16. The production of ceramic proppants has the potential to add value to iron ore and / or waste from its processing and / or waste from beneficiation, with special emphasis on the latter two materials, as they are usually discarded, generating costs and environmental and safety impacts. Because of this, with the innovations described above, the following processes can be implemented:

• Recuperação de rejeitos provenientes de ciclones de deslamagem, rejeitos do beneficiamento minerai e de concentração; • Recovery of tailings from sludge cyclones, tailing and concentration tailings;

• Recuperação de utilização de partículas de ferro e óxidos de ferro, contidas em materiais resultantes dos processos siderúrgicos, como pós, lamas e escórias;  • Recovery of the use of iron particles and iron oxides contained in materials resulting from steel processes, such as powders, sludge and slag;

• Recuperação de fração considerável de minerais-minério finos e ultrafinos, por processo de aglomeração;  • Recovery of considerable fraction of fine and ultrafine minerals by agglomeration process;

• Redução de resíduos resultantes da atividade mineradora, proporcionando uma produção mais limpa, com o aumento da eficiência do processo produtivo e ainda sem gerar qualquer resíduo estranho à região da expiotação, consistindo em tecnologia ambientalmente sustentável, ou 'Verde".  • Reduction of waste resulting from mining activity, providing cleaner production, increasing the efficiency of the production process and yet without generating any waste foreign to the expiotation region, consisting of environmentally sustainable technology, or 'Green'.

• Recuperação ou utilização e qualquer tipo de material ou resíduo proveniente da mineração de ferro.  • Recovery or utilization and any type of material or waste from iron mining.

• Recuperação total de minerais e rejeitos de minério de ferro e partículas finas e ultrafinas.  • Full recovery of minerals and tailings from iron ore and fine and ultra fine particles.

17. O processo foi desenvolvido e aperfeiçoado para vários materiais contendo partículas finas e ultrafinas de do minério de ferro e/ou, estéreis de sua expiotação e/ou de rejeitos de seu beneficiamento, ao longo de 20 meses, aplicando-se inclusive a rejeitos de deslamagem, flotação e separação magnética, dentre outros. 17. The process has been developed and refined for various materials containing fine and ultra-fine particles of iron ore and / or sterile from their expotation and / or beneficiation tailings over 20 months, even applying to tailings. sludge, flotation and magnetic separation, among others.

Claims

REIVINDICAÇÕES 1. PRODUTO PROPANTE CERÂMICO PRODUZIDO A PARTIR DE MINÉRIO DE FERRO E/OU, ESTÉREIS DE SUA EXPLOTAÇÃO E/OU DE REJEITOS DE SEU BENEFICIAMENTO, ou materiais semelhantes, caracterizado pela produção de pelotas e minipelotas cerâmicas, que apresentam elevada resistência mecânica ao manuseio e funcionam como agentes de sustentação de fraturas.  1. CERAMIC PROPANT PRODUCT PRODUCED FROM IRON ORE AND / OR, STERILE FROM ITS EXPLOTATION AND / OR WASTE FROM ITS BENEFICIENCY, or similar materials, characterized by the production of ceramic pellets and mini-pellets, which exhibit high mechanical resistance to handling and function as fracture support agents. 2. PROCESSO DE PRODUÇÃO DE PROPANTE CERÂMICO A PARTIR DE MINÉRIO DE FERRO E/OU, ESTÉREIS DE SUA EXPLOTAÇÃO E/OU DE REJEITOS DE SEU BENEFICIAMENTO, ou materiais semelhantes , VIA AGLOMERAÇÃO DE PARTÍCULAS FINAS E ULTRAFINAS, PARA FORMAÇÃO DE PELOTAS E MINIPELOTAS, caracterizado pela mistura úmida de partículas finas e ultrafinas, com ou sem adição de quantidades pré-definidas de aglomerante, óxidos básicos e energéticos, seguida de processo de aglomeração, para a formação de pelotas e minipelotas, que depois de submetidas a um tratamento térmico específico, apresentam elevada resistência mecânica ao manuseio.  2. PROCESS OF PRODUCTION OF CERAMIC PROPANT FROM IRON ORE AND / OR STERILE FROM ITS EXPLOTATION AND / OR WASTE FROM ITS BENEFICIENCY OR SIMILAR MATERIALS BY AGGLOMERATION OF FINAL AND ULTRAFINE PARTICULARS, FOR PELOT AND PELLETS characterized by wet mixing of fine and ultra-fine particles, with or without the addition of predefined amounts of binder, basic and energy oxides, followed by agglomeration process, for pellet and mini-pellet formation, which after undergoing a specific heat treatment , have high mechanical resistance to handling. 3. PROCESSO DE PRODUÇÃO DE PROPANTE CERÂMICO POR MEIO PROCESSAMENTO TÉRMICO DE MINÉRIO DE FERRO E/OU, ESTÉREIS DE SUA EXPLOTAÇÃO E/OU DE REJEITOS DE SEU BENEFICIAMENTO, ou materiais semelhantes, de acordo com as reivindicações 1 e 2, caracterizado pela etapa de processamento térmico específico, do minério de ferro e/ou, estéreis de sua explotação e/ou de rejeitos de seu beneficiamento, com partículas finas e ultrafinas, para obtenção do produto propante cerâmico, com elevada resistência mecânica ao manuseio.  3. CERAMIC PROPANT PRODUCTION PROCESS THROUGH IRON ORE AND / OR THERMAL PROCESSING OF ITS EXPLOITATION AND / OR WASTE OF BENEFITING OR SIMILAR MATERIALS ACCORDING TO Claim 1 and 2, characterized by the step of specific thermal processing of iron ore and / or its sterile exploration and / or processing waste with fine and ultra fine particles to obtain the ceramic propellant product with high mechanical resistance to handling.
PCT/BR2017/000035 2016-12-07 2017-04-10 Process for producing a ceramic proppant from iron ore and/or exploitation tailings thereof and/or processing waste thereof by fine and ultrafine particle agglomeration - pcf Ceased WO2018102894A1 (en)

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Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0116369A2 (en) * 1983-02-07 1984-08-22 Norton Company Proppant for fractured wells
AU579242B2 (en) * 1985-05-23 1988-11-17 Comalco Aluminium Limited Bauxite proppant

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0116369A2 (en) * 1983-02-07 1984-08-22 Norton Company Proppant for fractured wells
AU579242B2 (en) * 1985-05-23 1988-11-17 Comalco Aluminium Limited Bauxite proppant

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