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WO2018101452A1 - Procédé de communication et appareil de relais - Google Patents

Procédé de communication et appareil de relais Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018101452A1
WO2018101452A1 PCT/JP2017/043215 JP2017043215W WO2018101452A1 WO 2018101452 A1 WO2018101452 A1 WO 2018101452A1 JP 2017043215 W JP2017043215 W JP 2017043215W WO 2018101452 A1 WO2018101452 A1 WO 2018101452A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
communication
terminal
communication system
group
relay device
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/JP2017/043215
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English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
可久 伊藤
浩 江副
基樹 嶋尾
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Lte X Inc
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Lte X Inc
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Lte X Inc filed Critical Lte X Inc
Publication of WO2018101452A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018101452A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L12/00—Data switching networks
    • H04L12/28—Data switching networks characterised by path configuration, e.g. LAN [Local Area Networks] or WAN [Wide Area Networks]
    • H04L12/46—Interconnection of networks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L12/00—Data switching networks
    • H04L12/66—Arrangements for connecting between networks having differing types of switching systems, e.g. gateways
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04M11/00—Telephonic communication systems specially adapted for combination with other electrical systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04M3/00—Automatic or semi-automatic exchanges
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W28/00—Network traffic management; Network resource management
    • H04W28/02—Traffic management, e.g. flow control or congestion control
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W76/00—Connection management
    • H04W76/10—Connection setup

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a communication method and a relay device.
  • IoT Internet of Things
  • Patent Document 1 discloses a so-called “LTE over Wi-Fi” technology that operates an unlicensed Wi-Fi (registered trademark) access point like an LTE (Long Term Evolution) base station. Disclosure. According to the present technology, communication based on the LTE protocol can be virtually operated over wireless communication such as a wireless LAN (Local Area Network) represented by Wi-Fi. While securing the secrecy of communication by using LTE, an unlicensed and easy and inexpensive communication system can be realized by using a wireless LAN.
  • LTE Long Term Evolution
  • Patent Document 1 By applying a technology suitable for IoT realization as disclosed in Patent Document 1, it is expected that data from various objects can be acquired and effectively used in all industrial fields. For example, big data realized by collecting such a large amount of data is expected to be used in all industrial fields.
  • the present invention provides a communication technique capable of individually managing reachability when terminals communicate with each other. Furthermore, the present invention provides a communication technique that can easily and inexpensively transmit data transmitted from a transmission source to a desired destination corresponding to the identification information of the transmission source while utilizing the advantages of LTE that have already been realized. provide.
  • the communication method of the present invention is a communication method performed by a relay device that relays communication between a plurality of terminals, and determines whether or not a plurality of terminals belong to a predetermined group, If it is determined that the terminal belongs to the one group, communication is permitted, and if it is determined that the plurality of terminals do not belong to the one group, communication is stopped.
  • the relay device of the present invention is a relay device that relays communication between a plurality of terminals, and determines whether or not the plurality of terminals belong to a predetermined group, and the plurality of terminals If it is determined that it belongs to one group, communication is permitted, and if it is determined that the plurality of terminals do not belong to the one group, communication is stopped.
  • the communication method according to the present invention is a communication method using a first communication system and a second communication system different from the first communication system, and the first communication system communicates LTE protocol data.
  • the communication system of the second communication system wherein the agent application of the first node and the agent application of the second node cooperate to perform authentication and enable transmission of LTE protocol data.
  • a path is established, and the first node transmits the LTE protocol data including the identification information of the first node to the second node through the communication path of the second communication system, A core network in which the second node secures connection with an external network in the first communication system.
  • the relay device that transmits the LTE protocol data and relays between the core network and the external network, based on the identification information in the LTE protocol data, specifies corresponding to the identification information in the external network
  • the LTE protocol data is transferred to the network path.
  • the communication method of the present invention is a communication method implemented by a relay device that relays between the core network and the external network of the first communication system, wherein the first communication system treats LTE protocol data as a communication target.
  • An LTE communication system wherein a first node for transmitting data in the LTE communication system and a second node are connected by a communication path using a second communication system different from the first communication system
  • the relay device receives the LTE protocol data transmitted from the first node via the second node on the communication path using the second communication system, and receives the LTE protocol data. Based on the identification information for identifying the first node in the data, the specification corresponding to the identification information in the external network Transferring data of the LTE protocol network path.
  • the relay device of the present invention is a relay device that relays between a core network and an external network of a first communication system, and the first communication system is an LTE communication system that targets LTE protocol data.
  • a first node transmitting data in the LTE communication system and a second node are connected by a communication path using a second communication system different from the first communication system, and the relay device Receives the LTE protocol data transmitted from the first node via the second node on the communication path using the second communication system, and receives the first data in the LTE protocol data.
  • a specific network route corresponding to the identification information in the external network To transfer the data of the serial LTE protocol.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a network system that implements an embodiment of a communication method of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a conceptual diagram illustrating a situation in which the second communication system establishes a communication path between a terminal and an access point, and FIGS. 2A1 and 2A2 are logical views illustrating a control plane protocol stack. A software diagram is shown, and FIGS. 2B1 and 2B2 are logical software diagrams showing a user plane protocol stack.
  • FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing an outline of the EPC network.
  • FIG. 4 is a conceptual diagram showing an outline of the process from terminal attachment to detachment.
  • FIG. 5 is a sequence diagram of terminal attachment and bearer setting processing.
  • FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing an outline of the relay unit.
  • FIG. 7 is a conceptual diagram showing a situation in which the relay device of the relay unit transfers packet data.
  • FIG. 8 is a block diagram showing an outline of another embodiment of the relay unit.
  • FIG. 9A is a conceptual diagram showing reachability between three terminals, and
  • FIG. 9B shows a group number assigned to each group and terminals belonging to the group (terminal identification information).
  • FIG. 9C is a table showing the identification information given to each terminal and the IP address corresponding to the identification information.
  • FIG. 10 is a sequence diagram illustrating a procedure of a communication method using the relay device according to another embodiment.
  • FIG. 11 is a conceptual diagram illustrating a situation in which the relay device according to another embodiment transfers packet data in communication between terminals belonging to a specific group.
  • FIG. 12A is a conceptual diagram showing reachability between two terminals and a group of one subordinate concept
  • FIG. 12B is a group number assigned to each group and belongs to the group
  • FIG. 12C is a table showing the relationship between terminals or groups (terminal or group identification information), and FIG. 12C shows the identification information assigned to each terminal and the IP address corresponding to the identification information.
  • FIG. 13 is a sequence diagram illustrating a procedure of a communication method using a relay device according to still another embodiment.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a network system 500 to which the communication method of the present invention is applied.
  • the illustrated network system 500 is merely an embodiment, and the network system to which the present invention is applied is not limited to such a form.
  • the communication method of the embodiment applied to the network system 500 uses the first communication system 100 and the second communication system 200 different from the first communication system 100.
  • the first communication system 100 is an LTE communication system that uses LTE protocol data (specifically, packet data) as a communication protocol.
  • LTE is a further increase in the speed of the third generation mobile communication standard (3G) established by 3GPP (Third Generation Partnership Project) and is called 3.9G or 4G.
  • the network system 500 includes an external network 300 connected to the first communication system 100 in addition to the first communication system 100 and the second communication system 200.
  • the first communication system 100 and the external network 300 are connected to an EPC (Evolved Packet Core) network 20 via a relay device (switching device) 30.
  • the EPC network 20 is a part of the first communication system 100 and is a core network of the LTE communication system that is the first communication system 100.
  • the relay device 30 plays a role of switching a network route for transmitting packet data. Details of the EPC network 20 and the relay device 30 will be described later.
  • the EPC network 20 and the relay device 30 are formed as an integrated relay unit 40.
  • the relay device 30 serves as a central hub, and the EPC network 20 Various elements are connected to the relay device 30 (see FIG. 6 described later). For example, a specific business operator may provide the relay unit 40.
  • the relay device 30 serves only as a path and does not perform substantial processing.
  • the second communication system 200 establishes a communication path between a terminal (UE: User Equipment) 10 as a first node and an access point (AP; Access Point) 15 as a second node. Play a role.
  • UE User Equipment
  • AP Access Point
  • the second communication system 200 is a wireless communication system, for example, an unlicensed band communication using a license-free frequency band (unlicensed band) instead of a communication system using a licensed band (licensed band) like the LTE communication system. It is conceivable to use a system.
  • An unlicensed band communication system can be constructed by anyone relatively freely.
  • a wireless local area network such as Wi-Fi can be adopted, but the type is not particularly limited.
  • the second communication system 200 is not limited to wireless communication, and may be realized by wired communication like a wired local area network.
  • a first node such as equipment or machine arranged in a closed space of a factory or the like is connected to a second node similarly arranged in the factory or the like by a predetermined wired cable.
  • Ethernet registered trademark
  • the wired local area network Ethernet (registered trademark) or the like can be adopted, but the type is not particularly limited.
  • the first node is a terminal 10 such as a smartphone
  • the second node is an access point 15 such as a Wi-Fi router
  • the first node and the second node are such It is not limited to examples.
  • the first node may be not only the terminal 10 but also other stationary electronic devices (such as home appliances), and may be disposed outdoors or indoors. It may be a chip, a sensor or the like.
  • a sensor arranged in an infrastructure such as a water supply facility or an expressway can transmit data reflecting the state of the infrastructure.
  • the type of the second node is not particularly limited as long as it is a device (router, switch, etc.) having a wireless communication unit capable of receiving radio waves reflecting data transmitted from the first node.
  • the first node may be a facility, a machine, etc., a chip, a sensor, etc. installed in these devices as described above.
  • the type of the second node is not particularly limited as long as it is a device (router, switch, etc.) that can receive data via a wired cable connected to the first node.
  • the terminal 10 is exclusively used by the user, but the access point 15 may be prepared by a provider that provides the relay unit 40 or may be prepared by the user of the terminal 10.
  • the user prepares the terminal 10 and the access point 15, the user's own local communication network can be constructed.
  • An external network 300 is connected to the relay device 30, and the external network 300 is called a PDN (Packet Data Network), and is a network existing outside as viewed from the first communication system 100 and the second communication system 200. Including various network paths.
  • a network path 301 that is a general Internet
  • a network path 302 that is a cloud service network
  • a network path 303 that is a private network are included.
  • a network path 301 is connected to a computer device 401 such as a server or personal computer on the Internet
  • a network path 302 is connected to a cloud server 402 that performs a cloud computing service
  • a network path 303 is connected to a private server 403 such as an in-house server. Yes.
  • FIG. 2 is a conceptual diagram showing a situation in which the second communication system 200 establishes a communication path between a terminal (UE) 10 as a first node and an access point 15 as a second node.
  • UE terminal
  • This figure shows a so-called “LTE over Wi-Fi” technology that operates an access point 15 such as a Wi-Fi access point disclosed in Patent Document 1 like an LTE base station, and its specific contents are as follows.
  • This technology is capable of virtually operating communication using the LTE protocol on an unlicensed band communication system such as Wi-Fi and a physical wireless communication path using a wireless LAN. An environment can be realized.
  • FIG. 2 (a1) is a logical software diagram showing a control plane (C-plane) protocol stack that operates between a terminal (UE) and an LTE base station (referred to as eNodeB) in a general LTE communication system. Indicates. “Relay” in the figure indicates the concept of relaying.
  • C-plane control plane
  • UE terminal
  • eNodeB LTE base station
  • the second communication system 200 operates under the RLC sublayer.
  • each of the terminal 10 and the access point 15 has an “agent application” (agent) for authenticating and establishing a Wi-Fi communication path and authenticating and establishing a communication path of the LTE communication system. Pre-installed.
  • Agent application is application software installed on the terminal 10 and the access point 15 by, for example, a company operating the relay device 30, a company installing the access point 15, a user of the terminal 10, and the like.
  • the agent application is installed in each of the terminal 10 and the access point 15, thereby enabling authentication and establishment of communication paths of different communication systems such as the Wi-Fi and LTE communication systems.
  • the second communication system (Wi-Fi) 200 includes a MAC sublayer and an L1 layer (PHY layer) in the LTE communication system that is the first communication system.
  • Buffer and MUX / DeMUX assemblies 1002, 1004 Wi-Fi pipe (Wi-Fi PIPE) 1006, VPHY (virtualized PHY) 1008, UE-MAC 1010 that virtually operates as a MAC sublayer on the terminal side, access point It is replaced with AP-MAC 1012 that virtually operates as the MAC sublayer on the side.
  • Wi-Fi PIPE Wi-Fi pipe
  • VPHY virtualized PHY
  • the agent application of the terminal 10 and the agent application of the access point 15 cooperate to establish Wi-Fi between the terminal 10 and the access point 15 separately from the LTE communication system that is the first communication system 100. Authenticate and establish a wireless communication path. Further, the agent application of the terminal 10 and the agent application of the access point 15 cooperate to authenticate and establish the LTE communication system (first communication system 100).
  • the terminal 10 converts the LTE protocol data (packet data) including the identification information (for example, telephone number) of the terminal 10 described later into the second in the procedure of FIG. Transmission to the access point 15 is started through the communication path of the communication system 200.
  • FIG. 2 (b1) is a logical software diagram showing a user plane (U-plane; User Plane) protocol stack operating between a terminal (UE) and an LTE base station (eNodeB) in a general LTE communication system. .
  • U-plane User Plane
  • eNodeB LTE base station
  • the agent application of the terminal 10 After establishing the wireless communication path of FIG. 2 (a2), the agent application of the terminal 10 tries to connect to the access point 15, and the agent application of the access point 15 receives authentication information corresponding to this connection. After transmitting the authentication information to the agent application of the terminal 10 and exchanging such authentication information, transmission / reception of LTE protocol data starts as shown in FIG.
  • the second communication system (Wi-Fi in this example) 200 establishes a communication path between the terminal 10 and the access point 15 according to the configuration shown in FIGS. 2 (a2) and (b2)
  • the upper layer For example, the RLC sublayer, PDCP sublayer, RRC layer, etc.
  • the communication path of the virtual LTE communication system (first communication system 100) is established on the communication path of the physical Wi-Fi (second communication system 200), and data passing through the communication path is only LTE. Since it is protocol data (packet data), it is possible to realize transmission of data ensuring confidentiality.
  • the above-described technique it is possible to realize data transmission that secures secrecy by the LTE protocol on a wireless communication path using a wireless LAN such as Wi-Fi.
  • a wireless LAN such as Wi-Fi
  • the above-described method is an embodiment to which the technology of Patent Document 1 is applied, and the wireless communication path is not limited to that using Wi-Fi.
  • wired communication instead of establishing a wireless communication path, data transmission that secures secrecy by the LTE protocol is performed using a wired communication path.
  • FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing an outline of the EPC network 20 that is a core network.
  • the EPC network 20 is a core network standardized by Release 8 of 3GPP, and is established at the same time as LTE and can accommodate various wireless accesses.
  • the access point 15 here, a virtual LTE base station
  • receives packet data transmitted from a terminal here, a virtual UE
  • the EPC network 20 fulfills the function of ensuring the connection between the terminal 10 and the relay device 30 and further the external network 300.
  • packet data transmitted from the terminal 10 via the access point 15 can be transmitted to the relay device 30 and further to the external network 300.
  • the EPC network 20 includes an MME (Mobility Management Entity) 21, an HSS (Home Subscriber Server) 22, a PCRF (Policy and Charging Rules Rules) 26, and an AAA server (Triple A Server) 27. Contains.
  • MME Mobility Management Entity
  • HSS Home Subscriber Server
  • PCRF Policy and Charging Rules Rules
  • AAA server Triple A Server
  • the MME 21 is a logical node that accommodates the access point 15 and provides mobility control, and performs mobility control such as location registration, paging, and handover.
  • the HSS 22 is a subscriber management database in LTE, and manages subscriber contract information, authentication information, location information, and the like.
  • the MME 21 performs user authentication based on the authentication information notified from the HSS 22.
  • the S-GW 23 is a packet gateway that accommodates the 3GPP access system and transmits data.
  • the P-GW 24 is a gateway that performs IP address assignment, packet transfer, and the like at a connection point with an external network (PDN).
  • PDN external network
  • the PCRF 26 is a logical node that performs QoS for user data transfer (Quality of Service; control of communication quality such as packet priority transfer) and charging.
  • the QoS value determined by the PCRF 26 is notified to the P-GW 24, S-GW 23, and access point 15, and each node performs QoS control on the user data packet according to the notified QoS value.
  • the AAA 27 exclusively establishes a bearer (data transmission path).
  • the EPC network 20 and the relay device 30 are physically and mechanically formed as an integrated relay unit 40, and specifically, the relay device 30 is a central hub. , MME21, HSS22, and PCRF26 are connected. However, in this figure, the relay device 30 is omitted, and there is a relay device ahead of the arrow B, and data is sent.
  • FIG. 4 is a conceptual diagram showing an outline of steps from attachment to detachment of the terminal (UE) 10 as the first node.
  • Attach is a process for registering the terminal 10 in the network, which is performed when the terminal 10 is powered on
  • detach is a process for separating the terminal 10 from the network, which is performed when the terminal 10 is powered off.
  • bearer setting and assignment of an IP address to the terminal 10 are performed, and communication can be started (attached).
  • the constant bearer between the access point and the S-GW 23 in the EPC network 20 and between the S-GW 23 and the P-GW 24 is always set when the power is turned on.
  • the terminal 10 corresponds to a virtual UE in the LTE communication system
  • the access point 15 corresponds to a virtual LTE base station (virtual eNodeB) in the LTE communication system.
  • FIG. 5 is a sequence diagram of the attach and bearer setting process of the terminal (UE) 10 which is the first node.
  • the terminal 10 that is the first node transmits an attach request to the MME 21 via the access point 15 that is the second node (step 1).
  • the MME 21 performs user authentication based on the authentication information acquired from the HSS 22, and the AAA 27 acquires and manages contract information necessary for bearer setting from the HSS 22 (steps 2 to 4).
  • the MME 21 selects the S-GW 23 and P-GW 24 to which bearers are set by DNS (Domain Name System), and sets the bearer for the selected S-GW 23.
  • a setting request signal is transmitted (step 5).
  • the S-GW 23 performs bearer setting processing on the P-GW 24 set in the bearer setting request signal (step 6).
  • the P-GW 24 cooperates with the PCRF 26 to acquire charging information to be applied, and further performs connection processing to the relay device 30 and the external network (PDN) 300.
  • the S-GW 23 notifies the transmission information for the access point 15 to the MME 21 (step 7).
  • the MME 21 notifies the transmission information received from the S-GW 23 to the access point 15 as a radio bearer setting request.
  • This setting request includes an attach acceptance signal to the terminal 10.
  • the access point 15 establishes a radio bearer with the terminal 10 and simultaneously transmits an attach acceptance signal to the terminal 10 (step 8).
  • a radio bearer setting response signal is received from the terminal 10, and transmission information for the S-GW 23 is notified to the MME 21 (step 9).
  • the MME 21 When the MME 21 receives the attach completion signal from the terminal 10 (Step 10), it notifies the S-GW 23 of the bearer update request received from the access point 15 (Step 11).
  • the S-GW 23 completes the bearer update between the access point 15 and the S-GW 23 based on the received information (step 12).
  • the S-GW 23 transmits a bearer update response to the MME 21 (step 13).
  • bearer setting between the terminal 10 to the access point 15 to the S-GW 23 to the P-GW 24 is completed.
  • data from the terminal 10 is sent via the communication path of the second communication system such as Wi-Fi, but the terminal 10 functions as a virtual UE in the LTE communication system.
  • the access point 15 functions as a virtual LTE base station (virtual eNodeB) in the LTE communication system. Since the transmission target is LTE protocol data (packet data), the processes of FIGS. 4 and 5 are the same as the processes of a normal LTE communication system.
  • LTE protocol data packet data
  • FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing an outline of the relay unit 40 including the EPC network 20 and the relay device 30.
  • the EPC network 20 and the relay device 30 are physically and mechanically formed as an integrated relay unit 40.
  • the MME 21 is configured with the relay device 30 as a central hub.
  • the HSS 22, the S-GW 23, the P-GW 24, the PCRF 26, and the AAA 27 are connected.
  • the relay device 30 serves only as a path and does not perform substantial processing.
  • a solid line connection means a control signal and user data path
  • a broken line connection means a control signal path.
  • the relay device 30 (relay unit 40) is connected to the access point 15 as the second node via connection nodes (gateways) 31A and 31B, and also connected to the external network 300 via a connection note (not shown). Has been.
  • two first relay devices 30A and second relay devices 30B are prepared as the relay device 30, and two MME21, HSS22, S-GW23, P-GW24, PCRF26, and AAA27 are also provided.
  • First MME 21A, second MME 21B, first HSS 22A, second HSS 22B, first S-GW 23A, second S-GW 23B, first P-GW 24A, second P-GW 24B, first PCRF26A, second PCRF26B, first AAA27A, and second AAA27B are prepared.
  • Two elements of the relay device 30 and the EPC network 20 are provided (dual type), and parallel processing is possible in each element, and the processing capability is improved.
  • the numbers “1” and “2” of the relay device 30 are connections for connection with “first ... (MME 21B etc.)” and “second ... (MME 21A etc.)”, respectively. Port.
  • FIG. 7 is a conceptual diagram showing a situation in which the relay device 30 that relays between the EPC network 20 and the external network 300 transfers packet data (LTE protocol data) P1, P2, and P3.
  • the relay device 30 transfers the packet data to specific network paths 301 to 303 corresponding to the identification information in the external network 300 based on the identification information in the packet data P1, P2, and P3.
  • the identification information is information for individually identifying and specifying the first node, and various types of information can be applied.
  • the identification information is, for example, a memory card that is detachably mounted on the terminal 10 that is the first node, such as a SIM (Subscriber Identity Module) card, a USIM (Universal Subscriber Identity Module) card, or a memory that is fixed inside the terminal 10. Is stored in a virtual SIM or the like realized by being stored in If the first node is a sensor or a chip, the identification information is stored in its internal memory.
  • the packet data P1, P2, and P3 of the terminal 10 are received by the access point 15 as the second node, and the packet data passes through the connection nodes 31A and 31B of the EPC network 20.
  • P-GW 24 receives.
  • the P-GW 24 makes an inquiry about the packet data to the AAA 27 when the bearer is established, and the AAA 27 confirms the identification information in each packet data received by the P-GW 24.
  • the AAA 27 has in advance a correspondence table in which the telephone numbers of the terminals 10A, 10B, and 10C as shown in Table 1 below are associated with the IP addresses of the transfer destinations.
  • the IP address “XXX.XXX.XX.XX” is associated with the telephone number “aaa-bbb-cccc” of the terminal 10A that transmits the packet data P1.
  • the IP address “YYY.YYY.YYYYYYYYYYYYYYY” is associated with the telephone number “ddd-eeee-ffff” of the terminal 10B that transmits the packet data P2.
  • IP address “ZZZ.ZZZZ.ZZZZZ” is associated with the terminal 10C telephone number “ggg-hhh-iii” that transmits the packet data P3.
  • the telephone number of each terminal is identification information for identifying the terminal, but the IP address associated with the telephone number also serves as identification information for identifying the terminal.
  • the AAA 27 notifies the P-GW 24 of the IP address corresponding to the identification information in the packet data P1, P2, and P3 received from each of the terminals 10A, 10B, and 10C, and the P-GW 24 sends this IP address. Notify the relay device 30.
  • the relay device 30 has a destination IP address of each of the network paths 301 to 303 previously permitted as a transfer destination in advance corresponding to the IP address which is identification information.
  • the relay device 30 refers to the IP address received from the P-GW 24 and transfers the packet data to the network paths 301 to 303 having the destination IP address permitted in advance with respect to this IP address. That is, after the bearer is established, the P-GW 24 associates the telephone numbers of the terminals 10A, 10B, and 10C with the IP addresses, and the relay device 30 identifies the identification information (telephone number and the terminal 10A, 10B, and 10C). It plays a role of transferring data to the network paths 301, 302, and 303 having destination IP addresses permitted in advance with respect to (IP address).
  • the IP address in the packet data P1 is “XXX.XXX.XXX.XX”, and the relay device 30 transfers the packet data P1 to the network path 301 permitted in advance.
  • the relay device 30 transfers the packet data P2 to the network path 302 that has been previously permitted.
  • the relay device 30 transfers the packet data P2 to the network path 302 permitted in advance.
  • the relay device 30 assumes that the terminal 10 as the first node and the access point 15 as the second node are connected by a communication path using the second communication system. Receives the packet data (LTE protocol data) of the first communication system transmitted over the communication path using the second communication system and transmitted through the access point 15, and the terminal 10 in the packet data is Based on the identification information to be identified, a communication method (relay method) for transferring packet data to specific, previously permitted network paths 301 to 303 corresponding to the identification information in the external network 300 is performed.
  • LTE protocol data LTE protocol data
  • the network path 301 is connected to a computer device 401 such as a general server or personal computer on the Internet. That is, the IP address “XXX.XXX.XX.XX” of the packet data P1 indicates data that is permitted to be sent to the computer device 401 via the publicly released Internet.
  • the network path 302 is connected to the cloud server 402. That is, the IP address “YYY.YYY.YY.YYYY” of the packet data P2 indicates data that is permitted to be sent to the cloud server 402 via the cloud service network constructed to provide the cloud service. Yes.
  • the network path 303 is connected to a private server 403 such as an in-company server. That is, the IP address “ZZZ.ZZZ.ZZZ.ZZZ.” Of the packet data P3 indicates data permitted to be sent to the cloud server 402 via a private network constructed to provide a closed environment. ing.
  • the relay device 30 determines the type of the packet data based on the identification information indicated by the packet data, and thus the IP address, and sends the packet data to an appropriate transfer destination, that is, a transfer destination permitted in advance (transfer destination having the destination IP address). be able to.
  • the user can manage the identification information of the terminal 10 from the management portal site 50.
  • the management portal site 50 is a multi-tenant system that can handle a plurality of customers (tenants) using the terminal 10, it is possible to easily perform information management for each customer and setting of an arbitrary policy for each customer.
  • Information management includes management of identification information (SIM information and the like) of each terminal 10, monitoring of traffic, setting of communication band, and the like, and the type is not limited to such.
  • the arbitrary policy includes a communication authority (connection policy) corresponding to the identification information of the terminal 10, and the type thereof is not limited to such.
  • the relay device 30 connects a plurality of cloud service networks (network paths 302).
  • the connection route is constructed by data center premises wiring including an EPC network and a line or network connected to the data center, VPN (Virtual Private Network), line pull-in, etc. It is conceivable to perform control.
  • the relay device 30 can connect not only the cloud service network but also other specific destinations (network path 303) such as a data center of a customer company that uses this system.
  • FIG. 8 is a block diagram showing an outline of another embodiment of the relay unit 40.
  • the access point 15 plays a role of a second node that establishes a communication path using the second communication system in cooperation with the first node.
  • the second node is not limited to the access point 15 and can be constructed by installing an agent application in any other device.
  • a virtual base station 60 that is virtually set is connected to the access point 15 instead of the connection nodes (gateways) 31A and 31B in FIG.
  • the virtual base station 60 is constructed by installing an agent application in a normal gateway, for example, and plays the role of a second node.
  • a part of the relay unit 40 may function as the second node, and the second node is not limited to a specific position and device physically. That is, the virtual base station 60 that is the second node has the agent application that cooperates with the agent application of the first node to set the communication path of the second communication system and the communication path of the virtual LTE communication system.
  • This is a virtual LTE base station that can be established, and has the same function as the access point 15 in FIGS.
  • the access point 15 simply acts as a path point for transmitting and receiving radio waves and does not serve as the second node. Therefore, the existing access point can be used as it is, and is inexpensive. A transceiver can also be used.
  • the second communication system employs a communication path including a plurality of communication systems such as Wi-Fi and wired LAN. Although an existing Wi-Fi access point or the like can be used for the access point 15 in this example, since security is often not secured as it is, the access point 15 is connected to the second node (virtual base in this example). It is desirable to prepare a secure communication path such as VPN between the gateways of the stations 60).
  • the present invention it is possible to smoothly transmit information from all things such as terminals and sensors to an external network while utilizing the advantages of LTE that have already been realized.
  • An enormous amount of data can be obtained at low cost, and more effective use of data is expected in all industrial fields.
  • IoT it is necessary to exchange an enormous amount of data with high confidentiality, and the communication method according to the present invention is considered to be highly useful.
  • the data of the LTE protocol is sent to the second communication system using a communication path of a cheap and easy-to-handle communication system such as Wi-Fi, it is possible to easily and inexpensively maintain data while maintaining confidentiality. Transmission can be realized.
  • a provider that provides a communication service following the communication system of the present embodiment (for example, a provider that provides the relay unit 40) is independent of a carrier that has received a license to perform LTE mobile communication.
  • a SIM or virtual SIM having identification information of each terminal is issued to the user.
  • identification information is acquired to authenticate each terminal, and data from the authenticated terminal is transferred to a network path corresponding to the terminal identification information. Send to the destination set according to.
  • the identification information of each user's terminal is set as an overview for each user, a setting according to the type of terminal, and an individual terminal It is possible to freely change or extend the identification information such as the setting of the ID, and change or extend various settings corresponding to the identification information. In addition, the degree of freedom of network configuration is great.
  • a private LTE communication becomes possible simply by preparing a plurality of destination network routes in advance and connecting the terminal side and the external network side respectively.
  • the terminal is connected to an access point prepared by a provider, or connected to an access point of a communication network built by the user.
  • connection nodes corresponding to the Internet, cloud network, private network, etc., respectively, so that they can connect to each external network.
  • LTE communication by connecting a terminal and a core network using an unlicensed communication system (wireless LAN or the like) and construct a private LTE communication system.
  • LTE communication in which confidentiality, QoS, and the like are established can be realized in various network configurations that meet user needs.
  • the relay device since the relay device transfers the LTE protocol data to a specific network path corresponding to the identification information based on the identification information in the LTE protocol data, the data may be transmitted to the intended destination without fail. it can. It is also possible to enhance the security between the terminal and the server of the destination network route (end-to-end).
  • a relay device in a network generally controls communication between terminals connected to the device collectively.
  • Each terminal hangs on the relay device in a grouped state by a base station or the like from the viewpoint of a physical network, but from the viewpoint of a logical network important in terms of communication protocol, each terminal hangs in parallel with the relay device. ing.
  • the relay device since the relay device cannot distinguish each terminal belonging to the network by a specific attribute, the relay device generally prohibits communication between a plurality of terminals in a lump or permits it in a lump. is there.
  • a relay device On the other hand, it is required to individually manage reachability with which terminals communicate with each other. Therefore, in the embodiment described below, terminals connected to the relay device in the network (including both wired and wireless) are managed collectively for each group from the viewpoint of specific attributes, and communicated only within the group. Is permitted, that is, reachability is recognized.
  • the relay apparatus of this embodiment relays communication between a plurality of terminals belonging to a predetermined group. Note that “reachability” is sometimes called “communicability”.
  • FIG. 9A is a conceptual diagram showing reachability between, for example, three terminals.
  • the first terminal (terminal 1) and the second terminal (terminal 2) are allowed to communicate in advance (reach).
  • the first terminal and the third terminal (terminal 3) are also permitted to communicate in advance (with reachability).
  • the first terminal and the second terminal belong to a group of terminals owned by a specific company, and the first terminal and the third terminal belong to a group of terminals that enjoy a specific IoT service. That is, a plurality of reachable terminals belong to a specific group that has been generated in advance after being classified according to some attribute.
  • FIG. 9B is a table showing a relationship between a group number (group ID) assigned to each group and a terminal (terminal identification information) belonging to the group.
  • group ID group ID
  • terminal identification information terminal identification information belonging to the group.
  • the first terminal (ID1) and the second terminal (ID2) belong to the group 1 with the predetermined group number 1.
  • the first terminal (ID1) and the third terminal (ID3) belong to the group 2 with the predetermined group number 2.
  • the number of groups may be three or more, and is not limited. Further, the number of terminals belonging to each group is not particularly limited.
  • FIG. 9C is a table showing identification information given to each terminal and an IP address corresponding to the identification information.
  • the identification information here includes, for example, IMSI (International Mobile Subscriber Identity), a telephone number, and other unique information (such as a unique ID uniquely assigned for a specific communication system).
  • the line ID (customer ID) to be provided is included.
  • An IP address of 192.168.1.1 is assigned to the first terminal (ID1)
  • an IP address of 192.168.1.2 is assigned to the second terminal (ID2)
  • 192.168.1.3 is assigned to the third terminal (ID3). IP address is assigned.
  • the relationship between each group shown in FIG. 9B and the terminal to which it belongs and the relationship between each terminal shown in FIG. 9C and the IP address assigned to it (according to its identification information) are established in advance.
  • the relay device can refer to tables such as FIG. 9B and FIG. 9C held in a storage device owned by itself or a storage device of another server in the network, for example.
  • the relay apparatus receives packet data transmitted from the transmission source terminal to another transmission destination terminal, and identifies the IP address of the transmission source terminal and the IP address of the transmission destination terminal. Further, the relay device identifies the identification information of the transmission source terminal and the identification information of the transmission destination terminal based on the identified IP addresses by referring to the tables of FIGS. 9B and 9C. To do. Thereby, the relay apparatus determines the presence / absence of a group to which each of the transmission source terminal and the transmission destination terminal belongs and the group number thereof. As a result of this determination, the relay apparatus can determine whether or not a plurality of terminals belong to a predetermined group, such as a transmission source terminal and a transmission destination terminal.
  • the relay device permits communication when it is determined that a plurality of terminals belong to one group (when the group number of each terminal is the same). Specifically, the relay device transfers packet data received directly or indirectly from the transmission source terminal to the transmission destination terminal. On the other hand, when the relay apparatus determines that a plurality of terminals do not belong to one group (when the group numbers of the terminals are different), the relay apparatus stops communication. Specifically, the relay device discards the received packet data. Thereby, the relay apparatus can permit only communication between terminals belonging to a specific group, and can provide a detailed communication service. Further, for example, it is possible to ensure secure communication that ensures confidentiality. Furthermore, an increase in communication volume can be suppressed.
  • one terminal can also belong to a plurality of groups like the first terminal in FIG.
  • the first terminal is a terminal owned by a specific company (belonging to group 1) and a terminal that enjoys a specific IoT service (belonging to group 2).
  • the relay apparatus can realize an operation in accordance with a more complicated relationship such as sharing of a terminal or concurrent duties by belonging to a plurality of groups of one terminal.
  • this embodiment is a method in which the relay device manages reachability between terminals as a group. It is also recognized that one terminal belongs to a plurality of groups.
  • the function of the relay device can be realized as a part of the EPC P-GW. That is, it is possible to incorporate the relay device of this embodiment in the core network.
  • FIG. 10 is a sequence diagram showing a procedure of a communication method using the relay device 30A of the present embodiment.
  • the first terminal 11, the access point 15, and the bearer of the EPC network 20 are established in advance (step 21).
  • the bearers of the second terminal 12, the access point 15, and the EPC network 20 are also established in advance (step 22).
  • the third terminal 13, the access point 15, and the bearer of the EPC network 20 are also established in advance (step 23).
  • Such bearer establishment is performed according to a normal procedure.
  • the first terminal 11 transmits packet data to the second terminal 12 (step 24).
  • the relay device 30A of this embodiment confirms whether or not the first terminal 11 and the second terminal 12 belong to the same group (step 25). This confirmation can be performed by referring to the IP address of the first terminal 11, the IP address of the second terminal 12, and the tables of FIGS. 9B and 9C.
  • the relay device 30A determines that the first terminal 11 and the second terminal 12 belong to the same group, permits communication, and transfers the packet data to the second terminal 12 (step 26).
  • the second terminal 12 transmits packet data to the third terminal 13 (step 27).
  • the relay device 30A checks whether the second terminal 12 and the third terminal 13 belong to the same group (step 28). This confirmation can be performed by referring to the IP address of the second terminal 12, the IP address of the third terminal 13, and the tables of FIGS. 9B and 9C.
  • the relay device 30A determines that the second terminal 12 and the third terminal 13 do not belong to the same group, stops communication, and discards packet data.
  • FIG. 11 is a conceptual diagram showing a situation in which the relay device of this embodiment transfers packet data in communication between terminals belonging to a specific group.
  • the network shown in this figure is similar to that shown in FIG. 7, but each terminal belongs to a specific group in accordance with the concept described in FIG.
  • a plurality of terminals 10D1 and 10D2 that can be connected to a plurality of access points 15D1 and 15D2 belong to the group G1.
  • the relay device 30A transmits (transfers) the packet data P1 transmitted from one terminal 10D1 belonging to the group G1 to another terminal 10D2 belonging to the same group G1.
  • a plurality of terminals 10E1 and 10E2 that can be connected to one access point 15E belong to the group G2.
  • the relay device 30A transmits (transfers) the packet data P2 transmitted from one terminal 10E1 belonging to the group G2 to another terminal 10E2 belonging to the same group G2.
  • the group G2 is an example in which terminals that are close to each other in distance and belong to the same group from the viewpoint of the physical network belong (accidentally) to the same group also from the viewpoint of the logical network.
  • the group G3 is an example of a group to which a plurality of terminals 10F can belong from the viewpoint of a logical network, not from the viewpoint of a physical network.
  • the one terminal 10F1 belongs to the second communication system that can communicate with the relay device 30A (relay unit 40) via the first communication system (LTE communication system) 100 described in the previous embodiment. It is a terminal.
  • the other terminal 10F2 is a terminal that is under the management of the private server 403 and exists on the network path 303 in the external network 300 outside as viewed from the relay device 30A.
  • the two terminals 10F1 and 10F2 are far from each other in distance and cannot belong to the same group from the viewpoint of a physical network, but belong to the same group from the viewpoint of a logical network.
  • the relay device 30A transmits (transfers) the packet data P3 transmitted from one terminal 10F1 belonging to the group G3 to another terminal 10F2 belonging to the same group G3.
  • FIG. 12 shows still another embodiment of the present invention.
  • a plurality of reachable terminals belong to a specific group that is generated in advance after being classified according to some attribute.
  • a lower concept group belongs to a higher concept group
  • a terminal belongs to the lower concept group. That is, groups with different concept levels constitute a hierarchy, and the present invention can be applied even in such a case.
  • FIG. 12A is a conceptual diagram showing reachability between two terminals and one group, for example, and communication between the first terminal (terminal 1) and the second terminal (terminal 2) is permitted in advance.
  • the first terminal, and the third terminal (terminal 3) and the fourth terminal (terminal 4) belonging to the group 3 are also permitted to communicate in advance (with reachability).
  • the first terminal and the second terminal belong to a group of terminals owned by a specific company
  • the first terminal, the third terminal, and the fourth terminal belong to a group of terminals that enjoy a specific IoT service. belong to. That is, a plurality of reachable terminals belong to a specific group that has been generated in advance after being classified according to some attribute.
  • the third terminal and the fourth terminal belong to a group (group 3) of terminals that enjoy the special menu in the IoT service. That is, there is a hierarchical structure in which a lower concept group to which the third terminal and the fourth terminal belong belongs to a higher concept group to which the first terminal and the third terminal and the fourth terminal belong. Is formed.
  • FIG. 12B is a table showing a relationship between a group number (group ID) given to each group and a terminal (terminal identification information) belonging to the group.
  • a first terminal (UE-ID1) and a second terminal (UE-ID2) belong to a group 1 with a predetermined group number 1.
  • the first terminal (terminal-ID1) and the group 3 (GR-ID3) of group number 3 belong to the group 2 of the predetermined group number 2.
  • the third terminal (UE-ID3) and the fourth terminal (UE-ID4) belong to the group 3 with the group number 3.
  • the number of groups may be three or more, and is not limited. Further, the number of terminals belonging to each group is not particularly limited.
  • FIG. 12C is a table showing the identification information given to each terminal and the IP address corresponding to the identification information.
  • the identification information here is the same type as that of the above-described embodiment.
  • An IP address of 192.168.1.1 is assigned to the first terminal (ID1)
  • an IP address of 192.168.1.2 is assigned to the second terminal (ID2)
  • 192.168.1.3 is assigned to the third terminal (ID3)
  • the IP address of 192.168.1.4 is assigned to the fourth terminal (ID4).
  • each group shown in FIG. 12B and the terminal to which it belongs and the relationship between each terminal shown in FIG. 12C and the IP address assigned to it (according to its identification information) are established in advance.
  • the relay device can refer to tables such as FIG. 12B and FIG. 12C held in a storage device owned by itself or a storage device of another server in the network.
  • the relay apparatus receives packet data transmitted from the transmission source terminal to another transmission destination terminal, and identifies the IP address of the transmission source terminal and the IP address of the transmission destination terminal. Further, the relay device specifies the identification information of the transmission source terminal and the identification information of the transmission destination terminal based on the identified IP addresses by referring to the tables of FIGS. 12B and 12C. To do. Thereby, the relay apparatus determines the presence / absence of a group to which each of the transmission source terminal and the transmission destination terminal belongs and the group number thereof. As a result of this determination, the relay apparatus can determine whether or not a plurality of terminals belong to a predetermined group, such as a transmission source terminal and a transmission destination terminal.
  • the relay device permits communication when it is determined that a plurality of terminals belong to one group (when the group number of each terminal is the same). Specifically, the relay device transfers packet data received directly or indirectly from the transmission source terminal to the transmission destination terminal. On the other hand, when the relay apparatus determines that a plurality of terminals do not belong to one group (when the group numbers of the terminals are different), the relay apparatus stops communication. Specifically, the relay device discards the received packet data. Thereby, the relay apparatus can permit only communication between terminals belonging to a specific group, and can provide a detailed communication service. Further, for example, it is possible to ensure secure communication that ensures confidentiality. Furthermore, an increase in communication volume can be suppressed.
  • the relay apparatus includes the IDs, UE-ID3, and UE-ID4 of all terminals belonging to the lower concept group 2 in a plurality of terminals belonging to the higher concept group 2.
  • the transmission destination terminal belongs to the hierarchical concept group
  • the terminals belonging to the lower concept group are clearly registered in advance, and the relay device is added to the higher concept group.
  • the received packet data can be transferred appropriately.
  • FIG. 13 is a sequence diagram showing a procedure of a communication method using the relay device 30A of the present embodiment. Steps 21 to 23 are the same as in the previous embodiment.
  • the first terminal 11 transmits packet data to the third terminal 13 (step 30).
  • the relay device 30A acquires all cases of group numbers (group IDs) belonging to the same group as the group to which the first terminal 11 belongs (step 31). This process can be performed by referring to the IP address of the first terminal 11 and the tables shown in FIGS. 12B and 12C.
  • the relay device 30A acquires the UE-ID2 of the second terminal of the group 1 to which the first terminal 11 belongs, and the GR-ID3 of the group 3 of the group 2 to which the first terminal 11 also belongs. .
  • the relay device 30A determines whether or not a group ID (group number) is included in all acquired IDs (step 32).
  • group ID group number
  • relay apparatus 30A determines the terminal ID from group 3, that is, UE-ID4 of the third terminal and UE of the fourth terminal. Extract ID4 (step 33).
  • the relay device 30A performs the processes of step 31 and step 32 again.
  • the relay device 30A next includes all the terminal IDs acquired by the ID of the target terminal, that is, the terminal ID of the transmission destination that transmits the packet data. It is determined whether it is included (step 34).
  • UE-ID2 which is the terminal ID of the transmission destination, is included, relay device 30A transfers the packet data to third terminal 13 (step 35).
  • step 34 if the ID of the target terminal, that is, the terminal ID of the transmission destination is not included in all the acquired terminal IDs, the relay device 30A stops communication. Specifically, relay device 30A discards the received packet data.
  • the first communication system 100 is an LTE communication system, and the data of the LTE protocol is transferred under the unlicensed band communication by the action of the agent application of two nodes. Communication is possible.
  • the invention brought about by the embodiment of FIGS. 9 to 13 does not necessarily have the LTE communication system as its element, and the data to be communicated is not limited to the data of the LTE protocol.
  • each terminal can belong to any group and communication reachability can be ensured. is there.
  • FIG. 9 (b), FIG. 9 (c), FIG. 12 (b), and FIG. 12 (c) show the data in the table format. It is also possible to store the relationship between the terminal and the relationship between each terminal and the IP address.
  • the type of the IP address of the terminal here is not particularly limited, and not only the IP address assigned to each individual terminal shown in FIGS. 9C and 12C, but also for one group. It may be an IP address assigned. In the latter case, the relay device realizes communication between groups, for example.
  • the first node corresponding to the terminal 10 is not particularly limited, but specific examples thereof include a monitoring camera, a data measuring device (sensor device), and a person himself / herself.
  • Various mobile terminals used at the will of the company are included. Mobile terminals include mobile phones, smartphones, tablets, game machines, VR (Virtual Reality) terminals, AR (Augmented Reality) terminals, and the like.
  • the data transmitted from the first node naturally includes voice data (voice packet data).
  • the communication method of the present invention can be applied to fields where it is necessary to obtain a huge amount of data from any object such as terminals and sensors at low cost, and is expected to contribute particularly to the realization of IoT.
  • terminal 10 terminal (first node, UE) 15 access point (second node) 20 EPC network (core network) 30, 30A Relay device 40 Relay unit 50 Management portal site 100 First communication system (LTE communication system) 200 Second communication system 300 External network 301, 302, 303 Network path 401 Computer device 402 Cloud server 403 Private server 500 Network system

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)
  • Telephonic Communication Services (AREA)
  • Data Exchanges In Wide-Area Networks (AREA)
  • Small-Scale Networks (AREA)

Abstract

Ce procédé de communication mis en œuvre par un appareil de relais, qui relaie une communication entre une pluralité de terminaux, détermine si les terminaux appartiennent à un groupe prédéterminé, permet une communication lorsqu'il est déterminé que les terminaux appartiennent au groupe, et arrête la communication lorsqu'il est déterminé que les terminaux n'appartiennent pas au groupe.
PCT/JP2017/043215 2016-11-30 2017-11-30 Procédé de communication et appareil de relais Ceased WO2018101452A1 (fr)

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Cited By (1)

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EP3972319A4 (fr) * 2019-05-14 2023-01-18 Japan Radio Co., Ltd. Unité de communication sans fil et système de réseau sans fil l'utilisant

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JP6917482B2 (ja) * 2020-01-14 2021-08-11 三菱電機株式会社 通信制御システム、マスター装置、通信制御方法及び通信制御プログラム

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JPH11163913A (ja) * 1997-11-26 1999-06-18 Hitachi Cable Ltd 仮想ｌａｎ機能付き中継装置
WO2005027438A1 (fr) * 2003-09-11 2005-03-24 Fujitsu Limited Dispositif de relais de paquets
WO2016049353A1 (fr) * 2014-09-25 2016-03-31 Behzad Mohebbi Procédés et appareil pour un accès hybride à un réseau principal sur la base d'une authentification mandatée

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH11163913A (ja) * 1997-11-26 1999-06-18 Hitachi Cable Ltd 仮想ｌａｎ機能付き中継装置
WO2005027438A1 (fr) * 2003-09-11 2005-03-24 Fujitsu Limited Dispositif de relais de paquets
WO2016049353A1 (fr) * 2014-09-25 2016-03-31 Behzad Mohebbi Procédés et appareil pour un accès hybride à un réseau principal sur la base d'une authentification mandatée

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3972319A4 (fr) * 2019-05-14 2023-01-18 Japan Radio Co., Ltd. Unité de communication sans fil et système de réseau sans fil l'utilisant

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