WO2018101261A1 - 進行型免疫性脱髄疾患の予防、発症抑制又は治療剤 - Google Patents
進行型免疫性脱髄疾患の予防、発症抑制又は治療剤 Download PDFInfo
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a preventive, suppressive or therapeutic agent for progressive immune demyelinating disease.
- MS Multiple sclerosis
- RR-MS relapsing-remitting MS
- SP-MS secondary progressive MS
- PR-MS progressive recurrent MS
- RR-MS disease-modifying drugs are type 1 interferons, anti-inflammatory agents, immunosuppressive agents, and the like.
- DMD RR-MS disease-modifying drugs
- Symptomatic treatment such as intrathecal injection of baclofen and administration of continuous 4-aminopyridine preparation occupies an important position as a treatment policy for advanced MS.
- Non-Patent Document 4 states that in the central nervous system (CNS) of SP-MS patients, a plurality of cells or tissues are damaged, and the damage extends not only to white matter but also to gray matter. Has been reported.
- Non-Patent Document 4 shows that the expression level of the PAR2 receptor belonging to the PAR (Protease-activated receptor) receptor family is changed in the brain of a patient with multiple sclerosis, and the PAR2 receptor becomes a neuroinflammatory condition. It reports that it is involved.
- EAE pathology In the NR4A2-deficient mice in which monophasic experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) was induced, the EAE pathology with normal limb paralysis was not observed in the early stage of induction, whereas the late stage (induction) It was found that EAE pathology (hereinafter also referred to as “late EAE pathology”) was observed about 28 days later) and that late EAE pathology became a model of progressive MS pathology (Patent Document 1). In addition, the present inventors consider that the late EAE pathology including neurodegeneration is caused by persistent neuronal damage caused by the release of granzyme B accompanying stimulation, and the PAR1 receptor is expressed using a PAR1 receptor antagonist or the like. It was found that the late EAE pathological condition was improved by the inhibition (Patent Document 2).
- the present invention has been made in view of these circumstances, and has as its main object the prevention, the onset suppression, or the provision of a therapeutic agent for the treatment of progressive immune demyelinating disease. Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for preventing or suppressing progression to progressive immune demyelinating disease.
- the present inventors induced the expression of Thome Eome molecule by stimulation with antigen-presenting cells derived from CNS, and the expression of Promesin produced by antigen-presenting cells is expressed by Eome molecules. Newly found to promote induction.
- the present invention is based on these new findings. It is known that prolactin is produced not only from the pituitary gland but also from brain tissues other than the pituitary gland, mammary gland, papillary tissue, placenta, uterus, immune tissue (eg, lymphocytes, thymus, spleen). It has been. These prolactins are also called ectopic prolactins, in distinction from pituitary-derived prolactins.
- the present invention provides the following (1) to (15).
- a preventive, onset-suppressing, or therapeutic agent for progressive immune demyelinating disease which contains a substance that suppresses or inhibits the production of prolactin as an active ingredient.
- the preventive, onset suppressing, or therapeutic agent for progressive immune demyelinating disease according to (1) wherein the substance includes a substance that suppresses or inhibits Zbtb20 production.
- a method for preventing or suppressing progression to advanced immune demyelinating disease comprising administering to a subject a substance that suppresses or inhibits production of prolactin.
- the substance includes a substance that suppresses or inhibits Zbtb20 production.
- the substance comprises a dopamine receptor agonist or a dopamine receptor partial agonist.
- a preventive, suppressive or therapeutic agent for progressive immune demyelinating disease which contains, as an active ingredient, a substance that suppresses or inhibits CX3CR1 receptor activation.
- To diagnose progression to advanced immune demyelinating disease including collecting microglia from a human subject and measuring the expression level of at least one of IL-9, IFN- ⁇ and IFN- ⁇ 1 To collect data.
- the present invention it is possible to prevent progressive immune demyelinating disease, to provide a suppressive or therapeutic agent, and to provide a method for preventing or suppressing progression to progressive immune demyelinating disease.
- FIG. 10 is a cytogram showing CD107a and Eomes expression in Th cells co-cultured with antigen-presenting cells (CD19 + B cells and non-B / class II + cells) infiltrating into the CNS of NR4A2-deficient mice induced with single phase EAE.
- FIG. 1 is a graph showing Eome expression levels of Th cells co-cultured with antigen-presenting cells (CD19 + B cells and non-B / class II + cells) infiltrating into the CNS of NR4A2-deficient mice induced with single phase EAE (FIG. 1). Summary data).
- FIG. 10 is a cytogram showing CD107a and Eomes expression in Th cells co-cultured with antigen-presenting cells (CD19 + B cells and non-B / class II + cells) infiltrating into the CNS of NR4A2-deficient mice induced with single phase EAE.
- FIG. 3 (a) is a graph showing the time when the brain and spinal cord were collected in each progression of EAE pathology, and the three dotted lines indicate the collection times corresponding to the initial EAE pathology, the middle EAE pathology, and the late EAE pathology, respectively.
- FIG. 3 (b) is a graph showing the T cell cytogram and the ratio of Eomes + CD4 + T cells in each progression of EAE pathology.
- 2 is a graph showing the cytogram of CD19 + B cells and CD19 ⁇ classII + cells and the ratio of each cell in each progression of EAE pathology.
- FIG. 2 is a cytogram and a graph showing gene expression levels of IL-10 and Zbtb20 in B cells collected from CNS of mice with late EAE pathological conditions.
- FIG. 2 is a cytogram and graph showing the gene expression level of Zbtb20 in non-B antigen-presenting cells collected from CNS of mice with late EAE disease state. It is a graph which shows the expression level of prolactin and growth hormone in a pituitary gland. It is a graph which shows the Eome expression level in the spleen origin Th cell cultured in the presence or absence of prolactin. It is a cytogram which shows Eomes expression in the spleen origin CD226 + Th cell cultured in the presence or absence of prolactin.
- 2 is a graph showing the expression level of a prolactin gene after L-dopa administration.
- FIG. 31 (a) and 31 (b) are graphs showing clinical scores of EAE pathological mice after administration of anti-CD20 antibody.
- FIG. 31 (c) is a graph showing the expression of Zbtb20 protein after administration of anti-CD20 antibody. It is a graph which shows the expression of Eomes protein and Zbtb20 protein after anti-CD20 antibody administration.
- progressive immune demyelinating disease refers to a disease caused by damage of the myelin sheath caused by an immune reaction and progressing continuously without remission.
- the progressive immune demyelinating disease is preferably a progressive immune demyelinating disease of the central nervous system.
- progressive immune demyelinating diseases include progressive multiple sclerosis such as PP-MS, SP-MS, and PR-MS.
- NR4A2 gene is also called Nurr1 gene, NOT gene, or RNR1 gene, and is a kind of orphan nuclear receptor.
- the main expression site of the NR4A2 gene is the central nervous system, and is particularly strongly expressed in the ventral midbrain, brainstem, and spinal cord.
- NR4A2 is induced in response to prostaglandins, growth factors, inflammatory cytokines, and T cell receptor cross-linking, and directly binds to DNA in a ligand-dependent or ligand-independent manner to control transcription.
- the accession number of NCBI Reference Sequence of the transcription product of human NR4A2 gene is NM_006186.3.
- the Eomes gene also called Eomesodermin or Tbr2
- Tbr2 is a member of the T-box transcription factor family and is a protein involved in vertebrate development and differentiation.
- the Eomes gene is known to be expressed in CD8 + T cells (cytotoxic T cells, CTL) and NK cells. It is also known to directly induce perforin and granzyme B expression.
- the NCBI Reference Sequence accession numbers for the transcripts of the human Eomes gene are NM_001278182.1 (variant 1), NM_005442.3 (variant 2), and NM_001278183.1 (variant 3).
- Zbtb20 is a protein belonging to one of the subfamilies of zinc finger proteins including C2H2 Kruppel-type zinc finger proteins and BTB / POZ domains. Zbtb20 is bound to the promoter of the prolactin gene and promotes the transcriptional activity of prolactin. Zbtb20 is highly expressed in all mature endocrine cell lines of the anterior pituitary gland. Zbtb20 deficiency significantly reduces prolactin expression and secretion.
- the preventive, onset suppressing, or therapeutic agent for progressive immune demyelinating disease contains a substance that suppresses or inhibits the production of prolactin as an active ingredient.
- the progressive immune demyelinating disease is preferably a progressive immune demyelinating disease of the central nervous system, more preferably secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SP-MS).
- SP-MS secondary progressive multiple sclerosis
- substances that suppress or inhibit the production of prolactin include, for example, expression suppressing substances that suppress the expression of the prolactin gene, dopamine receptor agonists, dopamine receptor partial agonists, dopamine reuptake inhibitors, dopamine degrading enzymes Inhibitors, dopamine analogs, or substances that suppress or inhibit the production of Zbtb20.
- the dopamine receptor agonist or partial agonist is preferably a dopamine D2 receptor agonist or partial agonist.
- the expression inhibitor that suppresses the expression of the prolactin gene may be any substance that can suppress the function of prolactin as a protein.
- the expression-suppressing substance include a substance that can suppress the expression of the prolactin gene at the transcription level or the translation level, and a substance that can bind to a functional site of prolactin and suppress the functional expression.
- Examples of the substance capable of suppressing the expression of the prolactin gene at the transcription level or the translation level may be a nucleic acid, peptide, sugar or glycoprotein that suppresses the expression of the prolactin gene, a low molecular compound having a molecular weight of 1000 or less, and the like.
- Examples of the nucleic acid that suppresses gene expression of prolactin include at least one selected from the group consisting of an antisense oligonucleotide, siRNA, shRNA, miRNA, and ribozyme against the prolactin gene.
- Examples of the substance that can bind to a functional site of prolactin and suppress functional expression include an anti-prolactin antibody or an antigen-binding fragment thereof (for example, neutralizing antibody).
- An expression inhibitory substance that suppresses the expression of prolactin can be designed and manufactured by a method known in this technical field based on information such as the genome sequence, mRNA sequence, protein sequence, and protein three-dimensional structure of the prolactin gene.
- Dopamine receptor agonists include, for example, dopamine, apomorphine, bromocriptine, cabergoline, ciladopa, dihydrexidine, dinapsoline, doxanthrin (doxanthrine), epicrilipin, , Pramipexole, propylapomorphine, quinagolide, talipexol, ropinirole, rotigotine, roxindole, sumanilol.
- Dopamine receptor agonists include, for example, dopamine, apomorphine, bromocriptine, cabergoline, ciladopa, dihydrexidine, dinapsoline, doxanthrin (doxanthrine), epicrilipin, , Pramipexole, propylapomorphine, quinagolide, talipexol, ropinirole, rotigotine, roxindole, sumanilol.
- dopamine receptor partial agonists examples include aripiprazole, brexpiprazole, phencyclidine, salvinorin A, and quinpyrrole.
- dopamine reabsorption inhibitors include, for example, altropane, amponelic acid, amineptin, BTCP, DBL-583, difluoropine, GBR-12833, GBR-12935, GBR-13069, GBR-13098, GYKI-52895 Lometopane, methylphenidate, RTI-229, and vanoxerin.
- dopamine degrading enzyme inhibitors examples include monoaminoxidase B inhibitors such as selegiline and zonisamide, and catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) inhibitors such as entacapone.
- monoaminoxidase B inhibitors such as selegiline and zonisamide
- catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) inhibitors such as entacapone.
- Examples of the dopamine-like compound include L-dopa (levodopa, L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine) and droxidopa (L-threo-dihydroxyphenylserine).
- the expression suppressing substance that suppresses the expression of the Zbtb20 gene may be any substance that can suppress the function of Zbtb20 as a protein.
- the expression suppressing substance include a substance that can suppress the expression of the Zbtb20 gene at the transcription level or the translation level, and a substance that can bind to a functional site of Zbtb20 and suppress the functional expression.
- the substance capable of suppressing the expression of the Zbtb20 gene at the transcriptional level or the translational level may include nucleic acids, peptides, sugars or glycoproteins that suppress the expression of the Zbtb20 gene, low molecular weight compounds having a molecular weight of 1000 or less, and the like. .
- nucleic acid that suppresses the gene expression of Zbtb20 examples include at least one selected from the group consisting of antisense oligonucleotides, siRNA, shRNA, miRNA, and ribozymes for the Zbtb20 gene.
- substances that can bind to the functional site of Zbtb20 and suppress functional expression include nucleic acids, peptides, sugars or glycoproteins that bind to the functional site of Zbtb20 and suppress functional expression, and have a molecular weight of 1000 or less
- examples thereof include a low molecular weight compound, an anti-Zbtb20 antibody (for example, neutralizing antibody), or an antigen-binding fragment thereof.
- An expression-inhibiting substance that suppresses the expression of Zbtb20 can be designed and manufactured by a method known in this technical field based on information such as the genomic sequence, mRNA sequence, protein sequence, and protein three-dimensional structure of the Zbtb20 gene.
- the expression inhibitor that suppresses the expression of Zbtb20 may be, for example, a substance that inhibits or suppresses the microRNA122 / CUX1 / microRNA214 / ZBTB20 pathway. It is known that when microRNA 214 or microRNA 214 is forcibly expressed, the expression of Zbtb20 gene is suppressed (Kojima et al. Nature communications 2011, 2: 338, 1-10).
- an expression inhibitor that suppresses the expression of Zbtb20 for example, a substance that suppresses the expression of LMP2A (Lent membrane protein 2A) and / or IRF4 (Interferon regulatory factor 4) may be used.
- LMP2A-expressing B cells the expression of the Irf4 and Zbtb20 genes is enhanced, and it is known that the protein IRF4 encoded by Irf4 binds to the Zbtb20 promoter and enhances the expression of the Zbtb20 gene (Minamitani et al. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 2015, 112, 37, 11612-11617).
- the content of the active ingredient (substance that suppresses or inhibits the production of prolactin) in the preventive, onset suppressing or therapeutic agent for progressive immune demyelinating disease according to the present embodiment is not particularly limited, for example, It may be 0.001 to 100% by mass based on the total amount of the preventive, onset suppressing or therapeutic agent for progressive immune demyelinating disease.
- the preventive, suppressive or therapeutic agent for progressive immune demyelinating disease may be composed of only the above-mentioned active ingredient, and in addition to the above-mentioned active ingredient, it is used in the prevention, suppressive or treatment of multiple sclerosis.
- Other additives such as excipients, buffers, stabilizers, antioxidants, binders, disintegrants, fillers, emulsifiers and flow control agents commonly used in the field of pharmaceutical technology. May be.
- medical agent exhibits a therapeutic effect by a mechanism different from suppression or inhibition of the signal transduction started from a prolactin receptor.
- drugs include voltage-gated sodium channel inhibitors (e.g., lamotrigine), potassium channel blockers (e.g., fampridine), voltage-gated calcium channel inhibitors (e.g., gabapentin), Siponimod (BAF312, Siponmod), HMG-CoA inhibitors (eg, statins such as Simvastatin), S1P receptor antagonists (eg, Fingolimod, FTY720), c-kit receptor inhibitors (eg, machininib ( Masinitib)), MIS 416, Toeluna, potassium-sparing diuretics (eg, Amiloride) Riluzole, phosphodiesterase inhibitors (eg, ibudilast (MN-166)), cyclophosphoamides, steroids (eg, methylprednisolone, prednisone), topoisomerase II inhibitors (eg, mitoxantrone) , ELND002, MD1003, Ritalin, quetia
- the dosage form of the preventive, onset suppressing or treating agent for progressive immune demyelinating disease according to the first embodiment is, for example, powder, pill, granule, tablet, syrup, troche, capsule, injection Any dosage form may be used.
- the preventive, onset-suppressing or therapeutic agent for progressive immune demyelinating disease according to the first embodiment may be administered orally or parenterally.
- a specific dose for example, when administered to a human adult male (body weight 60 kg), the daily dose of a preventive, onset-suppressing or therapeutic agent for progressive immune demyelinating disease is usually an active ingredient.
- the amount is 0.0001 ⁇ g to 10,000 mg / day / person in terms of amount.
- the first embodiment is a method for preventing or suppressing the progression to advanced immune demyelinating disease, which comprises the step of administering a substance that suppresses or inhibits the production of prolactin to a human subject in need thereof. You can also.
- the method according to the first embodiment prevents or suppresses the progression from relapsing-remitting immune demyelinating disease to progressive immune demyelinating disease.
- the preventive, suppressive or therapeutic agent for progressive immune demyelinating disease according to the second embodiment of the present invention contains an anti-CX3CR1 antibody or an antigen-binding fragment thereof as an active ingredient.
- the progressive immune demyelinating disease is preferably a progressive immune demyelinating disease of the central nervous system, more preferably secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SP-MS).
- SP-MS secondary progressive multiple sclerosis
- the anti-CX3CR1 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof may be a monoclonal antibody or a polyclonal antibody.
- the anti-CX3CR1 antibody may be any of a mouse antibody, rat antibody, guinea pig antibody, hamster antibody, rabbit antibody, monkey antibody, dog antibody, chimeric antibody, humanized antibody or human antibody.
- the anti-CX3CR1 antibody may be subjected to chemical modification in order to improve physical properties such as retention in blood. Further, the anti-CX3CR1 antibody may be one to which a radionuclide, a toxin or the like is bound in order to enhance the therapeutic effect.
- the anti-CX3CR1 antibody may be a monoclonal antibody or a polyclonal antibody.
- the anti-CX3CR1 antibody may be any of a mouse antibody, rat antibody, guinea pig antibody, hamster antibody, rabbit antibody, monkey antibody, dog antibody, chimeric antibody, humanized antibody or human antibody.
- the anti-CX3CR1 antibody may be subjected to chemical modification in order to improve physical properties such as retention in blood. Further, the anti-CX3CR1 antibody may be one to which a radionuclide, a toxin or the like is bound in order to enhance the therapeutic effect.
- the antigen-binding fragment may be an antibody fragment containing an antigen-binding site of an antibody, and examples thereof include Fab, Fab ′, F (ab ′) 2 , scFv, and diabody.
- the content of the active ingredient (anti-CX3CR1 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof) in the preventive, onset-suppressing or therapeutic agent for progressive immune demyelinating disease according to the present embodiment is not particularly limited. It may be 0.001 to 100% by mass based on the total amount of preventive, suppressive or therapeutic agent for type I immune demyelinating disease.
- the preventive, suppressive or therapeutic agent for progressive immune demyelinating disease may be composed of only the above-mentioned active ingredient, and in addition to the above-mentioned active ingredient, it is used in the prevention, suppressive or treatment of multiple sclerosis.
- Other additives such as excipients, buffers, stabilizers, antioxidants, binders, disintegrants, fillers, emulsifiers and flow control agents commonly used in the field of pharmaceutical technology. May be.
- medical agent exhibits a therapeutic effect by a mechanism different from suppression or inhibition of the signal transmission which starts from a CX3CR1 receptor.
- Other drugs are the same as those shown in the first embodiment.
- the dosage form of the preventive, onset suppression or therapeutic agent for progressive immune demyelinating disease according to the second embodiment is, for example, powder, pill, granule, tablet, syrup, troche, capsule, injection Any dosage form may be used.
- the preventive, onset-suppressing or therapeutic agent for progressive immune demyelinating disease according to the second embodiment may be administered orally or parenterally.
- a specific dose for example, when administered to a human adult male (body weight 60 kg), the daily dose of a preventive, onset-suppressing or therapeutic agent for progressive immune demyelinating disease is usually an active ingredient.
- the amount is 0.0001 ⁇ g to 10,000 mg / day / person in terms of amount.
- the second embodiment is a method for treating advanced immune demyelinating disease or a method for suppressing progression of a disease state, comprising a step of administering an anti-CX3CR1 antibody or an antigen-binding fragment thereof to a human subject in need thereof. You can also.
- mold immune demyelinating disease, onset suppression, and the progress suppression effect of a disease state are judged by analyzing the increase amount of Eome expression on the Th cell surface.
- Examples of the method for analyzing the amount of increase in the expression level of Eome on the Th cell surface include a method of detecting Eome + CD4 + T cells in a body fluid collected from a human subject and containing lymphocytes.
- the body fluid collected from the human subject may be a body fluid containing lymphocytes.
- body fluids collected from human subjects include blood and cerebrospinal fluid.
- the blood may be peripheral blood.
- the detection of Eome + CD4 + T cells can be performed according to a conventional method in this technical field.
- Detection of Eome + CD4 + T cells is not limited to this, for example, a step of separating PBMC from a body fluid sample collected from a human subject according to a conventional method, such as labeled anti-CD3 antibody or Reacting the antigen-binding fragment, the labeled anti-CD4 antibody or the antigen-binding fragment thereof, and the labeled anti-Eomes antibody or the antigen-binding fragment thereof with PBMC and detecting Eome + CD4 + T cells with a flow cytometer. It can be implemented by a method.
- the present invention also diagnoses progression to advanced immune demyelinating disease comprising collecting microglia from a human subject and measuring the expression level of at least one of IL-9, IFN- ⁇ and IFN- ⁇ 1 It also provides a way to collect data to do.
- the expression level of IFN- ⁇ , IFN- ⁇ 1, and IL-9 in microglia increases markedly in the progression of EAE pathology when it becomes a middle stage EAE pathology. That is, the significant increase in the expression level of these cytokines in microglia of human subjects can collect data for determining the progression to advanced immune demyelinating disease.
- the increase in cytokines means that it is greater than the threshold value determined based on the expression level of cytokines in microglia of human subjects or healthy adults who are not suspected of progressing to progressive immune demyelinating disease.
- NR4A2cKO mice EAE analysis of NR4A2cKO mice
- NR4A2 fl / fl mice were established using a targeting vector with the NR4A2 gene sandwiched between loxp sequences. That is, the NR4A2 transgene sandwiched between loxp sequences was introduced into C57BL / 6 embryonic stem cells by microinjection. The established strain was crossed with C57BL / 6 FLPe mice (RIKEN BioResource Center) and the strains from which the neomycin cassette was removed were crossed to produce homozygous NR4A2 fl / fl C57BL / 6 mice.
- mice were crossed with C57BL / 6 CD4-Cre mice (Taconic) to establish CD4-specific NR4A2cKO C57BL / 6 mice (C57BL / 6 Cre-CD4 / NR4A2 fl ⁇ fl mice).
- EAE induction single phase EAE 100 ⁇ g of peptide corresponding to MOG 35-55 residue (synthesized at Toray Research Center, Tokyo, Japan, hereinafter also referred to as “MOG peptide”) and 1 mg of Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra (Difco, Kansas, USA) Emulsified with complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) was mixed in an equal amount and emulsified with a homogenizer to prepare a MOG emulsion.
- MOG peptide single phase EAE 100 ⁇ g of peptide corresponding to MOG 35-55 residue (synthesized at Toray Research Center, Tokyo, Japan, hereinafter also referred to as “MOG peptide”) and 1 mg of Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra (Difco, Kansas, USA) Emulsified with complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) was mixed in an equal amount and emulsified with a homogenizer to prepare a MOG
- the resulting MOG emulsion was applied subcutaneously to the back of CD4-specific NR4A2cKO C57BL / 6 mice (Cre-CD4 / NR4A2 fl / fl C57BL / 6 mice, NR4A2cKO) and NR4A2 fl / fl C57BL / 6 mice (Control) as controls.
- 200 ⁇ L of a 200 ng pertussis toxin (List Biological Laboratories, USA) PBS solution was injected into the abdominal cavity of mice on the 0th and 2nd days after immunization.
- RPMI 1640 medium (Invitrogen) containing 1.4 mg / mL collagenase H and 100 ⁇ g / mL DNaseI (Roche) for 40 minutes at 37 ° C. Further decomposed.
- the obtained tissue homogenate was passed through a 70 ⁇ m cell strainer (manufactured by GE Healthcare Science), and white blood cells were concentrated using a discontinuous Percoll density gradient centrifugation method (37% / 80%).
- CD19 + B cells and non-B / class II + cells infiltrated into the CNS were separated by FACS sorting using FACS ARIA II (manufactured by BD Cytometry Systems).
- CD19 + B cells and non-B / class II + cells were co-cultured with CD226 + Th cells derived from the spleen for 8 hours, respectively. After culturing, changes in the expression levels of Eomes and CD107a in the collected Th cells were analyzed with a flow cytometer.
- Anti-CD3 antibody manufactured by Biolegend
- anti-Eomes antibody manufactured by eBioscience
- anti-CD107a antibody manufactured by Biolegend
- Eomes expression at each degree of progression of EAE pathology In the same manner as in (2), from the wild-type C57BL / 6 mice in which monophasic EAE was induced, the brain and spinal cord were transferred 10 days after induction (early EAE pathology), 14 days after (mid-stage EAE pathology), and 18 days after (late EAE pathology).
- the CD4 + T cells that were collected and infiltrated into the CNS were separated using a flow cytometer. Note that the collection time corresponds to the initial period, the middle period, and the latter period in the graph of FIG.
- RPMI 1640 medium (Invitrogen) containing 1.4 mg / mL collagenase H and 100 ⁇ g / mL DNaseI (Roche) for 40 minutes at 37 ° C. Further decomposed.
- the obtained tissue homogenate was passed through a 70 ⁇ m cell strainer (manufactured by GE Healthcare Science), and white blood cells were concentrated using a discontinuous Percoll density gradient centrifugation method (37% / 80%).
- CD4 + T cells infiltrated into the CNS were separated by FACS sorting using FACS ARIA II (manufactured by BD Cytometry Systems).
- FIG. 3 (b) shows the ratio (%) of Eome + T cells to CD4 + T cells at each degree of progression of the disease state. In late EAE pathology, it was observed that the proportion of Eomes + CD4 + T cells was significantly increased.
- CD45 hi cells, CD19 + B cells, and CD19 ⁇ B cells infiltrated into the CNS were separated from the collected brain and spinal cord using a flow cytometer. Separated CD45 hi cells, CD19 + B cells, and CD19 ⁇ B cells were separated by FACS sorting.
- Anti-CD45 antibody manufactured by Biolegend
- anti-CD19 antibody manufactured by Biolegend
- anti-TCR ⁇ antibody manufactured by Biolegend
- anti-MHC class II antibody manufactured by Biolegend
- EB means CD19 + B cells extracted in the early EAE state
- ED means non-B / classII + cells extracted in the early EAE state
- MB is mid-phase. It means the CD19 + B cells, which are extracted with EAE state
- MD the medium-term EAE refers to the non-B / classII + cells that have been extracted in the state
- LB is CD19 + B extracted by the late EAE state
- LD means non-B / classII + cells extracted in late EAE state.
- mice were anesthetized by intraperitoneal administration (ip) of a triple mixed anesthetic (medetomidine, midazolam, butorphanol).
- a triple mixed anesthetic medetomidine, midazolam, butorphanol
- an untreated mouse a mouse having an early EAE disease state, a mouse having an intermediate EAE disease state, or a mouse having a late EAE disease state was used.
- the skin of the occipital region of each mouse was incised in an arrowhead shape, the subcutaneous tissue and muscle were carefully separated, and the surface of the dura mater covering the cisterna was exposed.
- a glass capillary was punctured into the exposed dura mater, and CSF was collected using capillary action.
- the obtained CSF was stored in a freezer at ⁇ 80 ° C.
- the protein expression levels of prolactin (PRL) and growth hormone (GH) in the collected CSF were measured using a Luminex system (manufactured by Luminex Corporation).
- FIG. 8A is a graph summarizing the ratio of Eomes + cells based on each flow cytogram shown in FIG.
- FIG. 8B is a graph showing the relative expression level of prolactin protein in each cell. Also in FIG. 8, when cultured in the presence of 30 ng / mL prolactin, it was observed that the expression level of prolactin protein was increased.
- FIG. 9 The results are shown in FIG. “EB”, “MB”, “LB”, “ED”, “MD”, and “LD” in FIG. 9 have the same definitions as in FIG. According to FIG. 9, it was observed that the gene expression levels of prolactin and Zbtb20 were increased in CNS-derived antigen-presenting cells in the late EAE state.
- RPMI 1640 medium (Invitrogen) containing 1.4 mg / mL collagenase H and 100 ⁇ g / mL DNaseI (Roche) for 40 minutes at 37 ° C. was further decomposed.
- the obtained tissue homogenate was passed through a 70 ⁇ m cell strainer (manufactured by GE Healthcare Science), and white blood cells were concentrated using a discontinuous Percoll density gradient centrifugation method (37% / 80%).
- CD19 + B cells and non-B / class II + cells infiltrated into the CNS were analyzed using FACS CANTO II (manufactured by BD Cytometry Systems).
- FIG. 11 (a) is a graph of the ratio of Zbtb20 + cells, and it was observed that Zbtb20 expression was significantly increased in the late EAE pathology.
- FIG. 11 (b) when the expression level of the prolactin gene (Prl) in B cells and non-B antigen-presenting cells was measured, the relative expression level of the prolactin gene (Prl) was found in the late EAE pathology. A significant increase was observed.
- B cells collected from the CNS of mice with late EAE disease were cultured for 6 hours in the presence of 10 ng / mL lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and BD GolgiPlug.
- the cultured B cells were separated into four types of fractions (Fr1, Fr2, Fr3, Fr4) as shown in FIG. 12 (a) based on the staining state of the CD1d and CD5 genes.
- the gene expression levels of IL-10 and Zbtb20 from each fraction were measured using a FACS plot. The result is shown in FIG.
- Non-B antigen-presenting cells collected from the CNS of late EAE pathological mice were stained and subjected to FACS analysis.
- Non-B antigen-presenting cells were separated into three fractions (Fr1, Fr2, Fr3) as shown in FIG. 13 (a) based on the staining state of CD11c and PDCA-1 genes.
- the gene expression level of Zbtb20 from each fraction was measured using a FACS plot.
- Anti-CD11c antibody manufactured by Biolegend
- anti-PDCA-1 antibody manufactured by eBioscience
- anti-zbtb20 antibody manufactured by Becton Dickinson
- prolactin (PRL) and growth hormone (GH) in the serum were measured using a Luminex system. The result is shown in FIG. In all stages of EAE pathology, prolactin (PRL) levels in serum were observed to be significantly lower than that of untreated mice.
- CD19 + B cells, PDCA-1 + CD11c + plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC), CD45 int CD11b + microglia from the CNS of untreated or early, intermediate or late EAE pathological mice using FACS ARIA Cells were purified and the expression levels of these prolactin genes (Prl) and zbtb20 genes were measured using quantitative real-time PCR.
- the antibodies used for the detection were anti-CD19 antibody (manufactured by Biolegend), anti-PDCA-1 antibody (manufactured by eBioscience), anti-CD45 antibody (manufactured by Biolegend), anti-CD11c antibody (manufactured by Biolegend), anti-zbtb20 antibody (Becton Dickinson) was used.
- a Mouse pituitary magnetic bead panel (Millipore) was used.
- Quantitative real-time PCR was performed using commercially available primers (QuantiTect Primer Assay, QT01074332, manufactured by Qiagen).
- the Eomes gene expression level was corrected based on the expression level of the GAPDH housekeeping gene.
- FIG. 15 The results are shown in FIG. In FIG. 15, 1 indicates a culture without addition of prolactin, 2 indicates a culture in the presence of a low concentration of prolactin, and 3 indicates a culture in the presence of a high concentration of prolactin.
- the vertical axis in FIG. 15 represents the relative expression level of Eome relative to the housekeeping gene ( ⁇ 2 microglobulin), and the Eome expression level increased depending on the concentration of prolactin.
- Results are shown in FIG. The arrow in FIG. 17 indicates the day on which bromocriptine was administered. Administration of bromocriptine significantly suppressed the late EAE pathology.
- the obtained tissue homogenate was passed through a 70 ⁇ m cell strainer (manufactured by GE Healthcare Science), and white blood cells were concentrated using a discontinuous Percoll density gradient centrifugation method (37% / 80%).
- Th cells infiltrated into the CNS were separated by FACS sorting using FACS ARIA II (BD Cytometry Systems). Changes in the expression levels of Eomes and CD4 in the collected Th cells were analyzed with a flow cytometer.
- Anti-CD4 antibody manufactured by Biolegend
- anti-Eomes antibody manufactured by eBioscience
- FIG. 19 is a graph showing changes in the ratio of Eome + CD4 + T cells and the actual number of cells.
- CD19 + B cells and non-B / class II + cells were co-cultured with CD4 + Th cells derived from the spleen for 8 hours, respectively. After culturing, changes in the expression levels of Eomes and CD107a in the collected Th cells were analyzed with a flow cytometer.
- anti-Eomes antibody manufactured by eBioscience
- anti-CD107a antibody manufactured by Biolegend
- the separated cells were co-cultured with CD4 + T cells separated by FACS sorting from spleens from untreated mice of the same gene lineage in the presence of FITC-conjugated anti-CD107a antibody. After co-culture for 8 hours, each cell was stained and analyzed for Eomes expression.
- anti-CD4 antibody manufactured by Biolegend
- anti-Eomes antibody manufactured by eBioscience
- anti-CD45 antibody manufactured by Biolegend
- FITC-conjugated anti-CD107a antibody manufactured by Biolegend
- FIG. 22 (a) shows the gene expression level in CD19 + B cells
- FIG. 22 (b) shows the gene expression level in CD19 ⁇ CD45 hi non-B / classII + antigen-presenting cells. In either case, it was observed that the expression levels of prolactin and Zbtb20 gene were significantly reduced by culturing in the presence of dopamine.
- the EAE score of each mouse is shown in FIG. It was observed that the EAE score was significantly improved by repeated administration of L-dopa. In the right graph of FIG. 23, a dotted line shows a 95% confidence interval. Comparison of cumulative EAE scores also confirmed an improvement in EAE scores by repeated administration of L-Dopa.
- CD4 + T cells, CD19 + B cells and CD19 ⁇ CD45 hi non-B / class II + antigen-presenting cells infiltrated into the CNS were collected as FACS ARIA II (BD Separation was performed by FACS sorting using Cytometry Systems. Each separated cell was stained and analyzed for expression of Eomes and Zbtb20 genes.
- Anti-CD4 antibody manufactured by Biolegend
- anti-Eomes antibody manufactured by eBioscience
- anti-CD19 antibody manufactured by Biolegend
- anti-Zbtb20 antibody manufactured by Becton Dickinson
- results are shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 26, administration of the anti-CX3CR1 antibody (CX3CR1) significantly improved the late EAE disease state compared to the case of isotype administration (Isotype).
- CD4 + cells were separated.
- CD4 + cells obtained were measured proportions and absolute quantities for CD4 + cells Eomes + CD4 + cells and Eomes ++ CD4 + cells (Eomes strongly positive CD4 + Th cells).
- the vertical axis of the right graph in FIG. 28 indicates the cumulative clinical score. Control scrambled siRNA-administered mice had a clinical score comparable to that of untreated mice, whereas Zbtb20-specific siRNA-administered mice showed a marked decrease in clinical score.
- the right graph in FIG. 28 is a graph showing the cumulative clinical score, and the dotted line indicates the 95% confidence interval.
- Anti-CD4 antibody (manufactured by Biolegend), anti-Eomes antibody (manufactured by eBioscience), anti-CD19 antibody (manufactured by Biolegend), and anti-Zbtb20 antibody (manufactured by Becton Dickinson) were used as antibodies used for detection.
- FIG. 29 (a) is a graph for comparing the ratio of cells expressing Eomes and Zbtb20 in each mouse group.
- Antigen-presenting cells were isolated from CNS of late EAE pathological mice using untreated mice, mice treated with Zbtb20-specific siRNA and mice administered with control scrambled siRNA as in (1). From the obtained antigen-presenting cells, CD19 ⁇ CD45 hi non-B / classII + antigen-presenting cells were purified by FACS sorting using FACS ARIA II (manufactured by BD Cytometry Systems).
- Purified cells were transduced with Zbtb20-specific siRNA or control scrambled siRNA and cultured for 24 hours in the presence of LPS, and then quantitative expression of Zbtb20 and prolactin (Prl) was measured using quantitative real-time PCR.
- Anti-CD4 antibody manufactured by Biolegend
- anti-Eomes antibody manufactured by eBioscience
- anti-CD19 antibody manufactured by Biolegend
- anti-CD45 antibody manufactured by Biolegend
- Results are shown in FIGS. 31 (a) and (b).
- the arrows in FIGS. 31 (a) and 31 (b) indicate the day on which the antibody was administered.
- FIG. 31 (a) shows the result of administering the antibody 7 days before the induction
- FIG. 31 (b) shows the result of administering the antibody 13 days after the induction.
- administration of anti-CD20 antibody 13 days after induction significantly improved the clinical score.
- the right graph in FIG. 31 (b) is a graph showing the cumulative clinical score, and the dotted line indicates the 95% confidence interval.
- the antibodies used for the detection were anti-CD4 antibody (manufactured by Biolegend), anti-Eomes antibody (manufactured by eBioscience), anti-CD20 antibody (manufactured by Biolegend), anti-CD45 antibody (manufactured by Biolegend), anti-Zbtb20 antibody (Becton) Dickinson) was used.
- FIGS. 31 (c) and 32 The results are shown in FIGS. 31 (c) and 32. As shown in FIG. 31 (c), it was observed that in the mice administered with anti-CD20 antibody, both the expression of the Eomes gene in CD4 + T cells and the expression of the Zbtb20 gene in B cells were remarkably suppressed.
- FIG. 32 is a graph for comparing the ratio of cells expressing Eomes and Zbtb20 in each mouse group.
- Changes in Zbtb20 gene expression by various cytokines (1) Changes in Zbtb20 gene expression by various cytokines Spleen-derived CD19 + B cells were isolated and purified by FACS sorting using FACS ARIA II (manufactured by BD Cytometry Systems). The purified B cells were cultured for 24 hours in the presence or absence of LPS in the presence or absence of cytokines shown in FIG. After the culture, the expression level of the Zbtb20 gene in each cell was measured. Anti-CD19 antibody (manufactured by Biolegend) and anti-Zbtb20 antibody (manufactured by Becton Dickinson) were used as the antibodies used for detection.
- FIG. 33 (a) the expression level of the Zbtb20 gene in cells cultured in the absence of cytokines is shown by a gray graph, and the expression level when cultured in the presence of various cytokines is shown by a black line graph. It was observed that the expression of Zbtb20 gene increased when cultured in the presence of the indicated cytokines, and that the increase in expression of Zbtb20 gene was most remarkable when cultured in the presence of IFN ⁇ or IFN ⁇ 1.
- FIG. 33 (b) is a graph of the ratio of Zbtb20 + cells under each condition.
- FIG. 34 shows, by FACS plot, how many times the ratio of Zbtb20 + cells or Prl + cells has increased when cultured in the presence of various cytokines and in the absence of cytokines.
- ProCartaPlex Mouse IFNa / b (manufactured by ThermoFisher) was used, and for detection of other cytokines, BioPlex Pro Cytokine GI 23-plex panel and BioPlex Pr Cytokine GIIIp17G8THR 8B Used).
- FIGS. FIG. 35 shows the expression levels of IL-1 ⁇ , IL-1 ⁇ , IL-6, IL-9, IL-12 (p40), IL-12 (p70), and IFN- ⁇ .
- FIG. 35 (a) shows the expression levels of IFN- ⁇ and IFN- ⁇ .
- FIG. 35 (b) shows the expression level of IFN ⁇ 2 or IFN ⁇ 1 in CNS-derived B cells, pDC, and microglia.
- FIG. 35 (c) shows IL-6 and IL-9 in CNS-derived B cells, pDC, and microglia.
- the expression level of Cxcl13 is shown.
- FIGS. 35 (b) and (c) it was observed that the expression levels of IFN- ⁇ 2, IFN- ⁇ 1, and IL-9 were significantly increased in the microglia in the middle stage EAE pathology.
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Abstract
Description
(1)プロラクチンの産生を抑制又は阻害する物質を有効成分として含有する、進行型免疫性脱髄疾患の予防、発症抑制又は治療剤。
(2)上記物質が、Zbtb20生成を抑制又は阻害する物質を含む、(1)に記載の進行型免疫性脱髄疾患の予防、発症抑制又は治療剤。
(3)上記物質が、ドパミン受容体アゴニスト又はドパミン受容体部分アゴニストを含む、(1)に記載の進行型免疫性脱髄疾患の予防、発症抑制又は治療剤。
(4)上記進行型免疫性脱髄疾患が二次進行型多発性硬化症である、(1)~(3)のいずれかに記載の進行型免疫性脱髄疾患の予防、発症抑制又は治療剤。
(5)プロラクチンの産生を抑制又は阻害する物質を対象に投与することを含む、進行型免疫性脱髄疾患への進行を予防又は抑制する方法。
(6)上記物質が、Zbtb20生成を抑制又は阻害する物質を含む、(5)に記載の方法。
(7)上記物質が、ドパミン受容体アゴニスト又はドパミン受容体部分アゴニストを含む、(5)に記載の方法。
(8)上記進行型免疫性脱髄疾患が二次進行型多発性硬化症である、(5)~(7)のいずれかに記載の方法。
(9)進行型免疫性脱髄疾患の予防、発症抑制又は治療剤を製造するための、プロラクチンの産生を抑制又は阻害する物質の使用。
(10)上記物質が、Zbtb20生成を抑制又は阻害する物質を含む、(9)に記載の使用。
(11)上記物質が、ドパミン受容体アゴニスト又はドパミン受容体部分アゴニストを含む、(9)に記載の使用。
(12)上記進行型免疫性脱髄疾患が二次進行型多発性硬化症である、(9)~(11)のいずれかに記載の使用。
(13)CX3CR1受容体の活性化を抑制又は阻害する物質を有効成分として含有する、進行型免疫性脱髄疾患の予防、発症抑制又は治療剤。
(14)上記物質が、抗CX3CR1抗体又はその抗原結合断片である、(13)に記載の進行型免疫性脱髄疾患の予防、発症抑制又は治療剤。
(15)ヒト対象からミクログリアを採取し、IL-9、IFN-α及びIFN-β1の少なくとも1種の発現量を測定することを含む、進行型免疫性脱髄疾患への進行を診断するためのデータを収集する方法。
本明細書において、「進行型免疫性脱髄疾患」とは、免疫反応に起因する髄鞘の障害により生じる疾患であって、寛解することなく持続的に進行する疾患を意味する。進行型免疫性脱髄疾患は、好ましくは中枢神経系の進行型免疫性脱髄疾患である。進行型免疫性脱髄疾患としては、例えば、PP-MS、SP-MS及びPR-MS等の進行型多発性硬化症が挙げられる。
本発明の第一の実施形態に係る進行型免疫性脱髄疾患の予防、発症抑制又は治療剤は、プロラクチンの産生を抑制又は阻害する物質を有効成分として含有する。
(1)動物
使用したマウスはすべて6~8週齢で、特定病原体不在条件下で飼育した。loxp配列でNR4A2遺伝子を挟んだターゲッティングベクターを用いて、NR4A2fl/flマウスを樹立した。すなわち、loxp配列に挟まれたNR4A2導入遺伝子をC57BL/6胚性幹細胞にマイクロインジェクションにより導入した。樹立系統をC57BL/6 FLPeマウス(理研バイオリソースセンター)と交雑させてネオマイシンカセットを除去した系統同士を交配して、ホモ接合NR4A2fl/fl C57BL/6マウスを作製した。得られたマウスをC57BL/6 CD4-Creマウス(タコニック社)と交配させることにより、CD4特異的NR4A2cKO C57BL/6マウス(C57BL/6 Cre-CD4/NR4A2fl\flマウス)を樹立した。
100μgのMOG35-55残基に相当するペプチド(東レリサーチセンター,日本,東京にて合成、以下、「MOGペプチド」ともいう。)と1mgの結核菌H37Ra死菌(Difco,米国,カンザス州)を完全フロイントアジュバント(CFA)で乳化したものを等量混和し、ホモジナイザーを用いて乳化させ、MOGエマルジョンを調製した。得られたMOGエマルジョンを、CD4特異的NR4A2cKO C57BL/6マウス(Cre-CD4/NR4A2fl/fl C57BL/6マウス、NR4A2cKO)及び対照としてNR4A2fl/fl C57BL/6マウス(Control)の背部皮下に1~2か所注射し、免疫を付与した。さらに、免疫付与後0日目と2日目に、1匹あたり、200ngの百日咳毒素(List Biological Laboratories,米国)のPBS溶液200μLを、マウスの腹腔内に注射した。
上記1.(2)と同様に単相型EAEを誘導したNR4A2欠損マウス(NR4A2cKO)及びC57BL/6マウス(Control)から、誘導10日後(初期EAE病態に相当)、誘導14日後(中期EAE病態に相当)及び誘導18日後(後期EAE病態に相当)に脳及び脊髄を採取し、フローサイトメーターを用いて、CNSへ浸潤したCD19+B細胞及びnon-B/classII+細胞を分離した。具体的には、組織を小さい破片に切断した後、37℃で40分間、1.4mg/mLのコラゲナーゼH及び100μg/mLのDNaseI(Roche社製)を含有したRPMI 1640培地(Invitrogen社製)において更に分解した。得られた組織のホモジネートを70μm細胞濾過器(GEヘルスケアサイエンス社製)に通し、不連続パーコール密度勾配遠心分離法(37%/80%)を用いて、白血球細胞を濃縮した。次いで、CNSへ浸潤したCD19+B細胞及びnon-B/classII+細胞をFACS ARIA II(BD Cytometry Systems社製)を用いたFACSソートで分離した。分離したCD19+B細胞及びnon-B/classII+細胞を、それぞれ脾臓由来のCD226+Th細胞と8時間、共培養した。培養後、回収したTh細胞のEomes及びCD107aの発現量の変化をフローサイトメーターで解析した。分離の際に使用した抗体は、抗CD3抗体(Biolegend社製)、抗Eomes抗体(eBioscience社製)、抗CD107a抗体(Biolegend社製)を用いた。
上記1.(2)と同様に単相型EAEを誘導した野生型C57BL/6マウスから、誘導10日後(初期EAE病態)、14日後(中期EAE病態)、18日後(後期EAE病態)に脳及び脊髄を採取し、フローサイトメーターを用いて、CNSへ浸潤したCD4+T細胞を分離した。なお、採取時期は、図3(a)のグラフにおける初期、中期、後期に相当する。具体的には、組織を小さい破片に切断した後、37℃で40分間、1.4mg/mLのコラゲナーゼH及び100μg/mLのDNaseI(Roche社製)を含有したRPMI 1640培地(Invitrogen社製)において更に分解した。得られた組織のホモジネートを70μm細胞濾過器(GEヘルスケアサイエンス社製)に通し、不連続パーコール密度勾配遠心分離法(37%/80%)を用いて、白血球細胞を濃縮した。次いで、CNSへ浸潤したCD4+T細胞をFACS ARIA II(BD Cytometry Systems社製)を用いたFACSソートで分離した。
分離したCD4+T細胞のEomes発現量の変化をフローサイトメーターで解析した。検出の際に使用した抗体は、抗CD4抗体(Biolegend社製)、抗Eomes抗体(eBioscience社製)を用いた。
上記1.(3)と同様に、EAE発症マウスのCNSから経時的にCD19+B細胞及びnon-B/classII+細胞を抽出し、プロラクチン(Prl)及び成長ホルモン(Gh)の遺伝子発現量を定量PCR法にて解析した。プロラクチン及び成長ホルモンのプライマーとして、それぞれMm_Prl_1_SG QuantiTect Primer Assay及びMm_Gh_1_SG QuantiTect Primer Assay(いずれもQIAGEN社)を用いた。
三種混合麻酔薬(メデトミジン、ミダゾラム、ブトルファノール)を腹腔内投与(ip)することにより、マウスを麻酔した。マウスは、無処置マウス、早期EAE病態のマウス、中期EAE病態のマウス、後期EAE病態のマウスを用いた。各マウスの後頭部の皮膚を矢尻状に切開し、皮下組織と筋肉を注意深く分離し、大槽を覆う硬膜の表面を露出させた。露出した硬膜にガラスキャピラリーを穿刺し、毛管現象を利用してCSFを収集した。得られたCSFを-80℃の冷凍庫で保管した。
採取したCSF中のプロラクチン(PRL)及び成長ホルモン(GH)のタンパク発現量を、Luminex system(Luminex Corporation製)を用いて測定した。
未処置の野生型B6マウスから採取した脾臓由来CD226+CD4+T細胞を、プロラクチンの非存在下又は特定量のプロラクチンの存在下において、4時間又は8時間培養した。培養後の各細胞のEomes発現量を、フローサイトメーター又は定量的リアルタイムPCRを用いて測定した。検出の際に使用した抗体は、抗CD4抗体(Biolegend社製)、抗Eomes抗体(eBioscience社製)を用いた。
上記1.(3)と同様に、EAE発症マウスのCNSから経時的にCD19+B細胞及びnon-B/classII+細胞を抽出し、プロラクチン及びZbtb20の遺伝子発現量を定量PCR法にて解析した。プロラクチン及びZbtb20のプライマーとして、それぞれMm_Prl_1_SG QuantiTect Primer Assay及びMm_Zbtb20_1_SG QuantiTect Primer Assay(いずれもQIAGEN社)を用いた。
上記1.(2)と同様に単相型EAEを誘導したNR4A2欠損マウス(NR4A2cKO)及びC57BL/6マウス(Control)から、誘導9日後(初期EAE病態に相当)及び誘導19日後(後期EAE病態に相当)に脳及び脊髄を採取し、フローサイトメーターを用いて、CNSへ浸潤したCD19+B細胞及びnon-B/classII+細胞を分離した。具体的には、組織を小さい破片に切断した後、37℃で40分間、1.4mg/mLのコラゲナーゼH及び100μg/mLのDNaseI(Roche社製)を含有したRPMI 1640培地(Invitrogen社製)において更に分解した。得られた組織のホモジネートを70μm細胞濾過器(GEヘルスケアサイエンス社製)に通し、不連続パーコール密度勾配遠心分離法(37%/80%)を用いて、白血球細胞を濃縮した。次いで、CNSへ浸潤したCD19+B細胞及びnon-B/classII+細胞をFACS CANTO II(BD Cytometry Systems社製)を用いて解析した。分離したCD19+B細胞及びnon-B/classII+細胞のZbtb20の発現量の変化をフローサイトメーターで解析した。検出の際に使用した抗体は、抗Zbtb20抗体(BD Bioscience社製)を用いた。
無処置又は早期、中期もしくは後期EAE病態のマウスから、脳下垂体を切り出し、総RNAを単離した後、プロラクチン遺伝子(Prl)の発現レベルを、定量的リアルタイムPCRを用いて測定した。その結果を図14(a)に示す。
(1)プロラクチン添加とEomes遺伝子の発現増強1
未処理マウスの脾臓由来のTh細胞を、リコンビナントプロラクチン非存在下又は存在下にて8時間培養した。培養後、Th細胞から総RNAを抽出した。得られた総RNAから、ファーストストランドcDNA合成キット(タカラ社製)を用いて、cDNAを合成した。LightCycler装置で、Light Cycler-FastStart DNAマスターSYBRグリーンIキット(Roche Diagnostics社製)を用いた条件で、又はABI 7300リアルタイムPCR装置で、Power SYBRグリーンマスターミックス(Applied Biosystems社製)を用いた条件で、市販のプライマー(QuantiTect Primer Assay,QT01074332,Qiagen社製)を使用して定量リアルタイムPCRを行った。Eomes遺伝子発現量は、GAPDHハウスキーピング遺伝子の発現量に基づいて補正した。
脾臓由来のCD226+Th細胞を、プロラクチン非存在下又は存在下にて8時間または48時間培養した。培養後、CD226+Th細胞を抗CD226抗体、抗Eomes抗体で染色し、CD226+Eomes+T細胞、CD226+Eomes-T細胞とCD226-T細胞をFACS CANTO II(BD Cytometry Systems社製)を用いて解析した。解析の際に使用した抗体は、抗CD226抗体(Biolegend社製)、および抗Eomes抗体(Biolegend社製)である。
上記1.(2)と同様に単相型EAEを誘導したCD4-Cre/NR4A2fl/flマウス及び対照マウス(Control)に、誘導4日後からブロモクリプチンを隔日で腹腔内注射した。注射した後、以下に示すEAE評価基準にしたがい、マウスのEAE病態を毎日、評価した。
<EAE評価基準>
0:臨床徴候なし
1:尾の部分的麻痺
2:弛緩した尾
3:後肢の部分的麻痺
4:全後肢の麻痺
5:後肢及び前肢の麻痺
上記1.(2)と同様に単相型EAEを誘導したCD4-Cre/NR4A2fl/flマウスにおいて、誘導4日後からブロモクリプチンを隔日で静脈内注射したマウス及び注射しなかったマウスから脳及び脊髄を採取し、フローサイトメーターを用いて、CNSへ浸潤したTh細胞を分離した。具体的には、組織を小さい破片に切断した後、37℃で40分間、1.4mg/mLのコラゲナーゼH及び100μg/mLのDNaseI(Roche社製)を含有したRPMI 1640培地(Invitrogen社製)において更に分解した。得られた組織のホモジネートを70μm細胞濾過器(GEヘルスケアサイエンス社製)に通し、不連続パーコール密度勾配遠心分離法(37%/80%)を用いて、白血球細胞を濃縮した。次いで、CNSへ浸潤したTh細胞をFACS ARIA II(BD Cytometry Systems社製)を用いたFACSソートで分離した。回収したTh細胞のEomes及びCD4の発現量の変化をフローサイトメーターで解析した。分離の際に使用した抗体は、抗CD4抗体(Biolegend社製)、抗Eomes抗体(eBioscience社製)を用いた。
上記1.(3)と同様に単相型EAEを誘導したCD4-Cre/NR4A2fl/flマウスにおいて、誘導4日後からブロモクリプチンを隔日で静脈内注射したマウス及び注射しなかったマウスから、誘導27日後に脳及び脊髄を採取し、CNSへ浸潤したCD19+B細胞及びnon-B/classII+細胞をFACS ARIA II(BD Cytometry Systems社製)を用いたFACSソートで分離した。分離したCD19+B細胞及びnon-B/classII+細胞を、それぞれ脾臓由来のCD4+Th細胞と8時間、共培養した。培養後、回収したTh細胞のEomes及びCD107aの発現量の変化をフローサイトメーターで解析した。検出の際に使用した抗体は、抗Eomes抗体(eBioscience社製)、抗CD107a抗体(Biolegend社製)を用いた。
上記1.(3)と同様に単相型EAEを誘導したCD4-Cre/NR4A2fl/flマウスに、誘導4日後からブロモクリプチン又はプラセボ(DMSO及びPBS)を隔日で腹腔内注射した。誘導32日後に脳及び脊髄を採取し、CNSへ浸潤したCD19+B細胞及びCD19-CD45hinon-B/classII+抗原提示細胞をFACS ARIA II(BD Cytometry Systems社製)を用いたFACSソートで分離した。分離した細胞を、FITC結合抗CD107a抗体の存在下、類遺伝子系統の未処置マウス由来の脾臓からFACSソートで分離したCD4+T細胞と共培養した。8時間共培養した後、各細胞を染色して、Eomes発現を解析した。検出の際に使用した抗体は、抗CD4抗体(Biolegend社製)、抗Eomes抗体(eBioscience社製)、抗CD45抗体(Biolegend社製)、FITC結合抗CD107a抗体(Biolegend社製)を用いた。
後期EAE病態マウスから、FACSソートにより、CD19+B細胞及びCD19-CD45hinon-B/classII+抗原提示細胞を精製した。精製された各細胞を、ドパミンの非存在下又は特定量のドパミンの存在下、24、48、96時間培養した。培養後の細胞を回収し、定量的リアルタイムPCRを用いて、プロラクチン遺伝子(Prl)及びZbtb20遺伝子の発現量を解析した。
上記1.(3)と同様に単相型EAEを誘導したCD4-Cre/NR4A2fl/flマウスに、誘導4日後からL-ドパ又はプラセボ(DMSO及びPBS)を隔日で腹腔内注射した。
上記1.(3)と同様に単相型EAEを誘導したNR4A2欠損マウスに誘導10日後(後期EAE病態に相当)に、抗CX3CR1抗体(Biolegend社製)又はそのアイソタイプ(Biolegend社製)を投与し、上述のEAE評価基準にしたがい、マウスのEAE病態を毎日、評価した。
(1)EAE病態の臨床スコアの変化
上記1.(3)と同様に単相型EAEを誘導したNR4A2欠損マウスに誘導7日後(初期EAE病態に相当)に、アテロコラーゲン基質で安定化されたZbtb20特異的siRNA((株)高研製)又は対照スクランブルsiRNA((株)高研製)を静脈内注射により投与し、上述のEAE評価基準にしたがい、マウスのEAE病態を毎日、評価した。
上記4.(1)と同様に処置した未処置マウス、Zbtb20特異的siRNA投与マウス及び対照スクランブルsiRNA投与マウスの脳及び脊髄を採取し、CD4+T細胞及びB細胞を分離した。得られた各マウス群のCD4+T細胞及びB細胞におけるEomes又はZbtb20遺伝子の発現を、フローサイトメーターを用いて解析した。検出の際に使用した抗体は、抗CD4抗体(Biolegend社製)、抗Eomes抗体(eBioscience社製)、抗CD19抗体(Biolegend社製)、抗Zbtb20抗体(Becton Dickinson社製)を用いた。
上記4.(1)と同様に処置した未処置マウス、Zbtb20特異的siRNA投与マウス及び対照スクランブルsiRNA投与マウスを用いて、後期EAE病態マウスのCNSから抗原提示細胞を分離した。得られた抗原提示細胞から、FACS ARIA II(BD Cytometry Systems社製)を用いたFACSソートでCD19-CD45hinon-B/classII+抗原提示細胞を精製した。精製した細胞にZbtb20特異的siRNA又は対照スクランブルsiRNAを形質導入し、LPSの存在下24時間培養した後、定量的リアルタイムPCRを用いて、Zbtb20及びプロラクチン(Prl)の発現レベルを測定した。検出の際に使用した抗体は、抗CD4抗体(Biolegend社製)、抗Eomes抗体(eBioscience社製)、抗CD19抗体(Biolegend社製)、抗CD45抗体(Biolegend社製)を用いた。
(1)EAE病態の臨床スコアの変化
上記1.(3)と同様に単相型EAEを誘導したNR4A2欠損マウスにおいて、誘導7日前又は誘導13日後(後期EAE病態に相当)に、それぞれ抗CD20抗体又は対照IgGを静脈内注射により投与し、上述のEAE評価基準にしたがい、マウスのEAE病態を毎日、評価した。
上記5.(1)と同様に処置した未処置マウス、抗CD20抗体及び対照IgG投与マウスの脳及び脊髄を採取し、CD4+T細胞及びB細胞を分離した。得られた各マウス群のCD4+T細胞及びB細胞におけるEomes又はZbtb20遺伝子の発現をフローサイトメーターを用いて解析した。検出の際に使用した抗体は、抗CD4抗体(Biolegend社製)、抗Eomes抗体(eBioscience社製)、抗CD20抗体(Biolegend社製)、抗CD45抗体(Biolegend社製)、抗Zbtb20抗体(Becton Dickinson社製)を用いた。
(1)各種サイトカインによるZbtb20遺伝子発現の変化
脾臓由来CD19+B細胞を単離し、FACS ARIA II(BD Cytometry Systems社製)を用いたFACSソートで精製した。精製したB細胞は、LPSの存在下、図33(a)に示すサイトカインの共存下又は非共存下で24時間培養した。培養後、各細胞におけるZbtb20遺伝子の発現レベルを測定した。検出の際に使用した抗体は、抗CD19抗体(Biolegend社製)、抗Zbtb20抗体(Becton Dickinson社製)を用いた。
各進行度(初期EAE病態、中期EAE病態、後期EAE病態)におけるマウスのCSF及び血漿を採取し、各種サイトカインの発現レベルをLuminex systemを用いて測定した。また、同様にして、CNS由来のB細胞、pDC、ミクログリアにおける1型インターフェロン(IFNα2、IFNβ1)、IL-6、IL-9、Cxcl13の発現レベルを、定量的リアルタイムPCRを用いて測定した。IFNαおよびIFNβの検出には、ProcartaPlex Mouse IFNa/b(ThermoFisher社製)を用い、他のサイトカインの検出には、BioPlex Pro Cytokine GI 23-plex panelおよびBioPlex Pr Cytokine GIII TH17 8-plex B panel(BioRad社製)を用いた。
類遺伝子系統の未処置マウスの脾臓からFACSソートにより、CD19+B細胞を分離し、未処置マウス又は後期EAE病態マウス由来のミクログリア細胞とともに24時間共培養した。培養後のB細胞におけるZbtb20遺伝子の発現量を、フローサイトメーターを用いて測定した。また、B細胞をFACSソートで精製し、リアルタイムPCRを用いてZbtb20及びPrlのRNAレベルを検出した。検出の際に使用した抗体は、抗CD19抗体(Biolegend社製)、抗Zbtb20抗体(eBioscience社製)を用いた。
未処置又は各進行度のEAE病態マウスからCSF及び血漿を採取し、各種サイトカイン(IL-2、IL-4、IL-3、IL-5、IL-10、IL-13、IL-17、G-CSF、GM-CSF、TNF-α、Eotaxin、KC、MCP-1、MIP-1b、RANTES、MIP-1a)のタンパクレベルをLuminex systemを用いて測定した。検出には、BioPlex Pro Cytokine GI 23-plex panelおよびBioPlex Pr Cytokine GIII TH17 8-plex B panel(BioRad社製)を用いた。
Claims (15)
- プロラクチンの産生を抑制又は阻害する物質を有効成分として含有する、進行型免疫性脱髄疾患の予防、発症抑制又は治療剤。
- 上記物質が、Zbtb20生成を抑制又は阻害する物質を含む、請求項1に記載の進行型免疫性脱髄疾患の予防、発症抑制又は治療剤。
- 上記物質が、ドパミン受容体アゴニスト又はドパミン受容体部分アゴニストを含む、請求項1に記載の進行型免疫性脱髄疾患の予防、発症抑制又は治療剤。
- 上記進行型免疫性脱髄疾患が二次進行型多発性硬化症である、請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の進行型免疫性脱髄疾患の予防、発症抑制又は治療剤。
- プロラクチンの産生を抑制又は阻害する物質を対象に投与することを含む、進行型免疫性脱髄疾患への進行を予防又は抑制する方法。
- 上記物質が、Zbtb20生成を抑制又は阻害する物質を含む、請求項5に記載の方法。
- 上記物質が、ドパミン受容体アゴニスト又はドパミン受容体部分アゴニストを含む、請求項5に記載の方法。
- 上記進行型免疫性脱髄疾患が二次進行型多発性硬化症である、請求項5~7のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 進行型免疫性脱髄疾患の予防、発症抑制又は治療剤を製造するための、プロラクチンの産生を抑制又は阻害する物質の使用。
- 上記物質が、Zbtb20生成を抑制又は阻害する物質を含む、請求項9に記載の使用。
- 上記物質が、ドパミン受容体アゴニスト又はドパミン受容体部分アゴニストを含む、請求項9に記載の使用。
- 上記進行型免疫性脱髄疾患が二次進行型多発性硬化症である、請求項9~11のいずれか一項に記載の使用。
- CX3CR1受容体の活性化を抑制又は阻害する物質を有効成分として含有する、進行型免疫性脱髄疾患の予防、発症抑制又は治療剤。
- 上記物質が、抗CX3CR1抗体又はその抗原結合断片である、請求項13に記載の進行型免疫性脱髄疾患の予防、発症抑制又は治療剤。
- ヒト対象からミクログリアを採取し、IL-9、IFN-α及びIFN-β1の少なくとも1種の発現量を測定することを含む、進行型免疫性脱髄疾患への進行を診断するためのデータを収集する方法。
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| CN201780071607.0A CN109963593B (zh) | 2016-11-29 | 2017-11-28 | 进展型免疫性脱髓鞘病的预防、发病抑制或治疗剂 |
| EA201991269A EA201991269A1 (ru) | 2016-11-29 | 2017-11-28 | Профилактический агент, агент, подавляющий начало заболевания, или терапевтический агент для прогрессирующих иммунных демиелинизирующих заболеваний |
| CA3043818A CA3043818A1 (en) | 2016-11-29 | 2017-11-28 | Prophylactic agent, onset-suppressing agent or therapeutic agent for progressive immune demyelinating diseases |
| US16/463,826 US20200071408A1 (en) | 2016-11-29 | 2017-11-28 | Prophylactic agent, onset-suppressing agent or therapeutic agent for progressive immune demyelinating diseases |
| AU2017368518A AU2017368518B2 (en) | 2016-11-29 | 2017-11-28 | Prophylactic agent, onset-suppressing agent or therapeutic agent for progressive immune demyelinating diseases |
| EP17876119.3A EP3549607B1 (en) | 2016-11-29 | 2017-11-28 | Prophylactic agent, onset-suppressing agent or therapeutic agent for progressive immune demyelinating diseases |
| JP2018554159A JP7112735B2 (ja) | 2016-11-29 | 2017-11-28 | 進行型免疫性脱髄疾患の予防、発症抑制又は治療剤 |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| KR20230104903A (ko) | 2020-11-06 | 2023-07-11 | 고쿠리쯔겡뀨가이하쯔호징 고꾸리쯔 세이신ㆍ신께이 이료겡뀨센따 | Eomes 양성 CD4 양성 T 세포의 증가에 기인하는 진행형 질환 치료제 |
| WO2024135794A1 (ja) | 2022-12-22 | 2024-06-27 | 株式会社カイオム・バイオサイエンス | 抗ヒトcx3cr1抗体 |
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| WO2016002827A1 (ja) | 2014-07-01 | 2016-01-07 | 国立研究開発法人国立精神・神経医療研究センター | 進行型免疫性脱髄疾患治療剤 |
| WO2016114386A1 (ja) | 2015-01-15 | 2016-07-21 | 国立研究開発法人国立精神・神経医療研究センター | 進行型免疫性脱髄疾患治療剤 |
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| US20020192212A1 (en) * | 2001-03-19 | 2002-12-19 | Toshio Imai | Uses of anti-CX3CR1 antibody, anti-fractalkine antibody and fractalkine |
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- 2017-11-28 JP JP2018554159A patent/JP7112735B2/ja active Active
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR20230104903A (ko) | 2020-11-06 | 2023-07-11 | 고쿠리쯔겡뀨가이하쯔호징 고꾸리쯔 세이신ㆍ신께이 이료겡뀨센따 | Eomes 양성 CD4 양성 T 세포의 증가에 기인하는 진행형 질환 치료제 |
| WO2024135794A1 (ja) | 2022-12-22 | 2024-06-27 | 株式会社カイオム・バイオサイエンス | 抗ヒトcx3cr1抗体 |
| KR20250126016A (ko) | 2022-12-22 | 2025-08-22 | 치오메 바이오사이언스 가부시키가이샤 | 항인간 cx3cr1 항체 |
| EP4640709A1 (en) | 2022-12-22 | 2025-10-29 | Chiome Bioscience Inc. | Anti-human cx3cr1 antibody |
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| US12157772B2 (en) | 2024-12-03 |
| US20200071408A1 (en) | 2020-03-05 |
| CA3043818A1 (en) | 2018-06-07 |
| CN109963593A (zh) | 2019-07-02 |
| AU2017368518B2 (en) | 2023-05-18 |
| ES3041302T3 (en) | 2025-11-11 |
| JPWO2018101261A1 (ja) | 2019-10-24 |
| EA201991269A1 (ru) | 2019-10-31 |
| CN109963593B (zh) | 2023-02-28 |
| EP3549607A1 (en) | 2019-10-09 |
| EP3549607A4 (en) | 2020-10-21 |
| US20210230282A1 (en) | 2021-07-29 |
| AU2017368518A1 (en) | 2019-06-13 |
| EP3549607B1 (en) | 2025-08-20 |
| JP7112735B2 (ja) | 2022-08-04 |
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