WO2018199614A1 - 투과율 가변 장치 - Google Patents
투과율 가변 장치 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2018199614A1 WO2018199614A1 PCT/KR2018/004780 KR2018004780W WO2018199614A1 WO 2018199614 A1 WO2018199614 A1 WO 2018199614A1 KR 2018004780 W KR2018004780 W KR 2018004780W WO 2018199614 A1 WO2018199614 A1 WO 2018199614A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- liquid crystal
- transmittance
- substrates
- dye
- degrees
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B26/00—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements
- G02B26/007—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements the movable or deformable optical element controlling the colour, i.e. a spectral characteristic, of the light
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F9/00—Methods or devices for treatment of the eyes; Devices for putting in contact-lenses; Devices to correct squinting; Apparatus to guide the blind; Protective devices for the eyes, carried on the body or in the hand
- A61F9/02—Goggles
- A61F9/022—Use of special optical filters, e.g. multiple layers, filters for protection against laser light or light from nuclear explosions, screens with different filter properties on different parts of the screen; Rotating slit-discs
- A61F9/023—Use of special optical filters, e.g. multiple layers, filters for protection against laser light or light from nuclear explosions, screens with different filter properties on different parts of the screen; Rotating slit-discs with variable transmission, e.g. photochromic
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K19/00—Liquid crystal materials
- C09K19/52—Liquid crystal materials characterised by components which are not liquid crystals, e.g. additives with special physical aspect: solvents, solid particles
- C09K19/54—Additives having no specific mesophase characterised by their chemical composition
- C09K19/542—Macromolecular compounds
- C09K19/544—Macromolecular compounds as dispersing or encapsulating medium around the liquid crystal
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K19/00—Liquid crystal materials
- C09K19/52—Liquid crystal materials characterised by components which are not liquid crystals, e.g. additives with special physical aspect: solvents, solid particles
- C09K19/60—Pleochroic dyes
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
- E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
- E06B9/00—Screening or protective devices for wall or similar openings, with or without operating or securing mechanisms; Closures of similar construction
- E06B9/24—Screens or other constructions affording protection against light, especially against sunshine; Similar screens for privacy or appearance; Slat blinds
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B26/00—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B26/00—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements
- G02B26/06—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements for controlling the phase of light
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/01—Head-up displays
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/01—Head-up displays
- G02B27/017—Head mounted
- G02B27/0172—Head mounted characterised by optical features
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02C—SPECTACLES; SUNGLASSES OR GOGGLES INSOFAR AS THEY HAVE THE SAME FEATURES AS SPECTACLES; CONTACT LENSES
- G02C7/00—Optical parts
- G02C7/10—Filters, e.g. for facilitating adaptation of the eyes to the dark; Sunglasses
- G02C7/101—Filters, e.g. for facilitating adaptation of the eyes to the dark; Sunglasses having an electro-optical light valve
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/13306—Circuit arrangements or driving methods for the control of single liquid crystal cells
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/13363—Birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1337—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1347—Arrangement of liquid crystal layers or cells in which the final condition of one light beam is achieved by the addition of the effects of two or more layers or cells
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1347—Arrangement of liquid crystal layers or cells in which the final condition of one light beam is achieved by the addition of the effects of two or more layers or cells
- G02F1/13475—Arrangement of liquid crystal layers or cells in which the final condition of one light beam is achieved by the addition of the effects of two or more layers or cells in which at least one liquid crystal cell or layer is doped with a pleochroic dye, e.g. GH-LC cell
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/137—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering
- G02F1/13725—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering based on guest-host interaction
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60J—WINDOWS, WINDSCREENS, NON-FIXED ROOFS, DOORS, OR SIMILAR DEVICES FOR VEHICLES; REMOVABLE EXTERNAL PROTECTIVE COVERINGS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLES
- B60J3/00—Antiglare equipment associated with windows or windscreens; Sun visors for vehicles
- B60J3/04—Antiglare equipment associated with windows or windscreens; Sun visors for vehicles adjustable in transparency
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
- E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
- E06B9/00—Screening or protective devices for wall or similar openings, with or without operating or securing mechanisms; Closures of similar construction
- E06B9/24—Screens or other constructions affording protection against light, especially against sunshine; Similar screens for privacy or appearance; Slat blinds
- E06B2009/2423—Combinations of at least two screens
- E06B2009/2447—Parallel screens
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
- E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
- E06B9/00—Screening or protective devices for wall or similar openings, with or without operating or securing mechanisms; Closures of similar construction
- E06B9/24—Screens or other constructions affording protection against light, especially against sunshine; Similar screens for privacy or appearance; Slat blinds
- E06B2009/2464—Screens or other constructions affording protection against light, especially against sunshine; Similar screens for privacy or appearance; Slat blinds featuring transparency control by applying voltage, e.g. LCD, electrochromic panels
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/01—Head-up displays
- G02B27/017—Head mounted
- G02B2027/0178—Eyeglass type
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02C—SPECTACLES; SUNGLASSES OR GOGGLES INSOFAR AS THEY HAVE THE SAME FEATURES AS SPECTACLES; CONTACT LENSES
- G02C2202/00—Generic optical aspects applicable to one or more of the subgroups of G02C7/00
- G02C2202/16—Laminated or compound lenses
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/13363—Birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation
- G02F1/133638—Waveplates, i.e. plates with a retardation value of lambda/n
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1337—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
- G02F1/133746—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers for high pretilt angles, i.e. higher than 15 degrees
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F2201/00—Constructional arrangements not provided for in groups G02F1/00 - G02F7/00
- G02F2201/16—Constructional arrangements not provided for in groups G02F1/00 - G02F7/00 series; tandem
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- G02F2202/043—Materials and properties dye pleochroic
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- G02F2203/00—Function characteristic
- G02F2203/48—Variable attenuator
Definitions
- the present application relates to a variable transmittance device.
- a transmittance variable device using a so-called GH cell (Guest host cell) to which a mixture of a host material and a dichroic dye guest, which are mainly liquid crystal compounds, is known (for example, Patent Document 1).
- variable transmittance devices have been applied to various applications including eyewear such as sunglasses, exterior walls of buildings, sunroofs of vehicles, and the like.
- eyewear such as sunglasses, exterior walls of buildings, sunroofs of vehicles, and the like.
- AR Augmented Reality
- variable transmittance device adjusts the transmittance by adjusting the orientation of the dichroic dye guest in the GH cell.
- the observer may observe the variable transmittance device in an inclined direction.
- the device is mounted on curved glass or when mounted on eyewear such as sunglasses or augmented reality experience device.
- Patent Document 1 European Patent Publication No. 0022311
- the present application relates to a variable transmittance device, and an object of the present invention is to provide a variable transmittance device and its use which can realize a high contrast ratio even when observing the variable transmittance device in an inclined direction in one example.
- variable transmittance device may mean a device designed to switch between a high transmittance state and a low transmittance state. As described below, switching between the states can be enabled by controlling the orientation of the dichroic dye in each GH cell in a structure including at least two guest-host cells (hereinafter, GH cells). have.
- GH cells guest-host cells
- the high transmittance state may be referred to as a clear state
- the low transmittance state may be referred to as a black state.
- the clear state may mean, for example, a state in which the linear light transmittance of the device to the vertical light is 40% or more
- the black state means a state in which the linear light transmittance of the device to the vertical light is 10% or less. can do.
- the vertical light is light incident in a direction parallel to the normal direction of the film or sheet surface when the variable transmittance device is in the form of a film or sheet, and the linear light transmittance of the vertical light is incident on the film or sheet surface. The percentage of light transmitted in the direction perpendicular to the normal direction among the vertical light.
- the linear light transmittance of the vertical light in the clear state is, in another example, about 100% or less, about 95% or less, 90% or less, 85% or less, 80% or less, 75% or less, 70% or less, 65% or less, 60% or less. , Up to 55% or up to 50%.
- the linear light transmittance of the vertical light in the black state may be about 8% or less, 7% or less, or 6% or less, and in another example, may be 0% or more, 1% or more, 2% or more, 3% or more, or 4% or more. have.
- variable transmittance device of the present application can realize high transmittance in the clear state and low transmittance in the black state even when observed in the inclined direction, and thus high contrast ratio, that is, transmittance in the clear state (Tc) and transmittance in the black state
- Tc transmittance in the clear state
- Tb transmittance in the black state
- variable transmittance device of the present application may have a linear light transmittance of oblique light in a clear state of 40% or more or 45% or more.
- the linear light transmittance of the inclined light is about 100% or less, about 95% or less, 90% or less, 85% or less, 80% or less, 75% or less, 70% or less, 65% or less, 60% or less, 55 It may be up to% or up to 50%.
- variable transmittance device may have a linear light transmittance of oblique light in a black state, 10% or less, about 9% or less, about 8% or less, 7% or less, or 6% or less, and also 0% or more, 1% or more, 2 Or at least 3% or at least 4%.
- variable transmittance device the ratio (Tc / Tb) of the linear light transmittance (Tc) of the inclined light in the clear state and the linear light transmittance (Tb) of the inclined light in the black state is 7.5 or more, 8 or more, 8.5 or more, 9 or more, 9.5 or more, or 10 or more.
- the ratio Tc / Tb may be 20 or less, 18 or less, 16 or less, 14 or less, or 12 or less.
- the inclined light is light incident in the direction of about 20 degrees with the normal direction of the surface of the film or sheet when the variable transmittance device is in the form of a film or sheet. It is the percentage of light transmitted in the light which is also about 20 degrees with the normal direction.
- the above-mentioned transmittances of the vertical light and the oblique light may be numerical values for light of any wavelength within the visible light wavelength range, that is, 400 to 700 nm, or may be average values of numerical values for light of all the wavelengths.
- the above-mentioned linear light transmittance in each clear state is the transmittance in the state where the corresponding transmittance of the variable transmittance device is the highest, and the linear light transmittance in the black state is the state in which the corresponding transmittance of the variable transmittance device is the lowest. Is the transmittance of.
- An exemplary variable transmittance device may include a first GH cell and a second GH cell.
- the term GH cell is a cell including a site including a mixture of a host material and a dichroic dye guest material, and the light transmittance is controlled by adjusting the orientation of the dichroic dye guest in the mixture.
- a liquid crystal compound is applied as the host material.
- the host material which is a liquid crystal compound, may be referred to as a liquid crystal host.
- a site comprising a mixture of host material and dichroic dye guest material may be referred to herein as a GH layer.
- the first and second GH cells may include first and second GH layers, respectively.
- the first and second GH layers are included in the device in a state where they overlap each other. Accordingly, light transmitted through the first GH layer may be incident to the second GH layer, and light transmitted through the second GH layer may also be incident to the first GH layer.
- FIG. 1 is a figure which shows typically the state of the 1st GH layer 10 and the 2nd GH layer 20 which overlap with each other as mentioned above. Such a structure may be referred to herein as a double cell structure. As shown in FIG. 1, a phase difference element 30 to be described later may exist between the first and second GH layers 10 and 20.
- the first and second GH layers may each include at least a liquid crystal compound.
- the liquid crystal compound may be included as a host material.
- a suitable kind can be selected according to a use without a restriction
- a nematic liquid crystal compound may be used as the liquid crystal compound.
- the liquid crystal compound may be a non-reactive liquid crystal compound.
- a non-reactive liquid crystal compound can mean the liquid crystal compound which does not have a polymeric group. Examples of the polymerizable group include acryloyl group, acryloyloxy group, methacryloyl group, methacryloyloxy group, carboxyl group, hydroxy group, vinyl group or epoxy group, but are not limited thereto.
- the liquid crystal compound included in the GH layer may have positive dielectric anisotropy or negative dielectric anisotropy.
- the term "dielectric anisotropy” may mean a difference between an abnormal dielectric constant ( ⁇ e , extraordinary dielectric anisotropy, dielectric constant in the major axis direction) and the normal dielectric constant ( ⁇ o , the dielectric constant in the short axis direction) of the liquid crystal compound .
- the dielectric anisotropy of the liquid crystal compound may be, for example, within a range of within ⁇ 40, within ⁇ 30, within ⁇ 10, within ⁇ 7, within ⁇ 5, or within ⁇ 3. When the dielectric anisotropy of the liquid crystal compound is adjusted to the above range, it may be advantageous in terms of driving efficiency of the liquid crystal device.
- the refractive index anisotropy of the liquid crystal compound present in the GH layer may be appropriately selected in consideration of the desired physical properties, for example, the transmission characteristics, the contrast ratio and the like of the variable transmittance device.
- the term “refractive index anisotropy” may mean a difference between an extraordinary refractive index and a normal refractive index of a liquid crystal compound.
- the refractive index anisotropy of the liquid crystal compound may be in the range of, for example, 0.1 or more, 0.12 or more, or 0.15 or more to 0.23 or less, 0.25 or less, or 0.3 or less.
- the GH layer may further comprise a dichroic dye.
- the dye may be included as a guest material.
- the dichroic dye may serve to control the transmittance of the device, for example depending on the orientation of the host material.
- the term “dye” may mean a material capable of intensively absorbing and / or modifying light in at least part or entire range within a visible light region, for example, in a wavelength range of 400 nm to 700 nm
- the term “dichroic dye” may refer to a material capable of anisotropic absorption of light in at least part or entire range of the visible light region.
- the dichroic dye for example, a known dye known to have a property that can be aligned according to the alignment state of the liquid crystal compound by a so-called host guest effect can be selected and used.
- dichroic dyes include so-called azo dyes, anthraquinone dyes, methine dyes, azomethine dyes, merocyanine dyes, naphthoquinone dyes, tetrazine dyes, phenylene dyes, quiterylene dyes, and benzothiadiazole dyes. , Diketopyrrolopyrrole dye, squaraine dye or pyromethene dye and the like, but the dye applicable to the present application is not limited to the above.
- black dye can be used, for example.
- Such dyes are known, for example, but not limited to azo dyes, anthraquinone dyes, and the like.
- the dichroic dye has a dichroic ratio, i.e., the absorption of the polarization parallel to the long axis direction of the dichroic dye divided by the absorption of the polarization parallel to the direction perpendicular to the long axis direction is 5 or more, 6 or more or 7
- the above dye can be used.
- the dye may satisfy the dichroic ratio at at least some of the wavelengths or at any one within the wavelength range of the visible region, for example, in the wavelength range of about 380 nm to 700 nm or about 400 nm to 700 nm.
- the upper limit of the dichroic ratio may be, for example, about 20 or less, 18 or less, 16 or less, or about 14 or less.
- the ratio in the GH layer of the dichroic dye may be appropriately selected according to the desired physical properties, for example, the variable transmittance characteristics.
- the dichroic dye may be 0.01% by weight, 0.1% by weight, 0.2% by weight, 0.3% by weight, 0.4% by weight, 0.5% by weight, 0.6% by weight, 0.7% by weight, 0.8% by weight. It may be included in the GH layer in a ratio of at least%, at least 0.9% by weight, or at least 1.0% by weight.
- the upper limit of the ratio in the GH layer of the dichroic dye is, for example, 2 wt% or less, 1.9 wt% or less, 1.8 wt% or less, 1.7 wt% or less, 1.6 wt% or less, 1.5 wt% or less, 1.4 wt% or less. , 1.3 wt% or less, 1.2 wt% or less, or 1.1 wt% or less.
- the GH layer may further comprise optional additive materials used to form known GH layers, if necessary in addition to the components.
- the GH layers in the double cell may each or simultaneously have anisotropy (R) of about 0.5 or more.
- the anisotropy (R) is the absorbance (E (p)) of the light polarized in parallel to the alignment direction of the liquid crystal host and the absorbance (E (s)) of the light polarized perpendicular to the alignment direction of the liquid crystal host It is measured according to the following equation.
- the criterion used above is another identical device that does not contain dye in the GH layer.
- the anisotropy (R) is determined from the value (E (p)) of the absorbance of the GH cells in which the dye molecules are horizontally oriented and from the value (E (s)) of the absorbance of the same GH cells in which the dye molecules are vertically oriented.
- the absorbance is measured by comparison with a GH cell containing no dye but otherwise having the same constitution. This measurement is carried out using polarized light rays which oscillate in one direction in the direction parallel to the orientation direction (E (p)) and in subsequent measurements in the direction perpendicular to the orientation direction (E (s)). Can be.
- the GH cell is not switched or rotated during the measurement, so that the measurement of E (p) and E (s) can be performed by rotating the oscillating plane of polarized incident light.
- E (p) and E (s) are recorded using a Perkin Elmer Lambda 1050 UV spectrometer.
- the spectrometer is equipped with a Glan-Thompson polariser for a wavelength range of 250 nm to 2500 nm in both the measuring beam and the reference beam.
- the two polarizers are controlled by a stepping motor and are oriented in the same direction.
- a change in the polarizer direction of the polarizer for example a transition of 0 degrees to 90 degrees, is always performed synchronously and in the same direction with respect to the measuring beam and the reference beam.
- the orientation of the individual polarizers is the tee of the University of Wurzburg. It can be measured using the method described in T. Karstens's 1973 dissertation.
- the polarizer is rotated in steps of 5 degrees for the oriented dichroic sample, and the absorbance is preferably recorded at a fixed wavelength in the maximum absorption region.
- a new baseline zero line is implemented for each polarizer position.
- E (p) and E (s) an antiparallel-rubbed test cell coated with polyimide AL-1054 from JSR was placed in both the measuring beam and the reference beam.
- the two test cells can be selected with the same layer thickness.
- the test cell containing the pure host (liquid crystal) is placed in the reference beam.
- a test cell containing a solution of dye in the liquid crystal is placed in the measuring beam.
- Two test cells for the measuring beam and the reference beam are installed in the sound path in the same orientation direction.
- E (p) may necessarily be within its maximum absorption wavelength range, for example a wavelength range of 0.5 to 1.5. This corresponds to a transmission of 30% to 5%. This is set by correspondingly adjusting the layer thickness and / or dye concentration.
- the anisotropy R may be about 0.55 or more, 0.6 or more, or 0.65 or more.
- the anisotropy (R) may be, for example, about 0.9 or less, about 0.85 or less, about 0.8 or less, about 0.75 or less, or about 0.7 or less.
- Such anisotropic degree (R) can be achieved by controlling the kind of GH cell, for example, the kind of liquid crystal compound (host), the kind and ratio of anisotropic dye, the thickness of GH cell, and the like.
- the first and second GH cells each including the GH layer may overlap each other and be included in the variable transmittance device.
- the liquid crystal host may exist in an oriented state in the GH layer. According to the alignment of the liquid crystal host, the dichroic dye guest may also be aligned.
- the GH cells may each have an optical axis.
- the optical axis means, for example, the average orientation direction of the director of the liquid crystal host material.
- the orientation direction of the director means a long axis direction in the case of a rod-shaped liquid crystal compound such as a nematic liquid crystal compound, and in the case of a disc shaped compound such as a discotic liquid crystal, the normal direction of the corresponding disc plane is Can mean.
- the meaning of the optical axis in the GH cell and the manner of determining the corresponding optical axis are known, and the above-described known contents may be applied in the present application.
- the optical axis is usually determined according to the alignment direction of the alignment film, and the GH cell can be measured in the following manner.
- a linear polarizer may be disposed on one surface of the GH cell in a state of horizontally aligning the GH cell, and the transmittance may be measured by rotating the polarizer 360 degrees. That is, the optical axis direction can be confirmed by measuring the luminance (transmittance) from the other side while irradiating light to the GH cell or the linear polarizer side in the above state.
- an angle perpendicular to the absorption axis of the polarizer or a horizontal angle may be defined as the direction of the optical axis.
- the optical axes of the first and second GH cells in the variable transmittance device may be perpendicular or parallel to each GH cell in a voltage applied state or a voltage free state. That is, the liquid crystal host of the GH layer in the GH cell may be vertically or horizontally aligned with or without voltage applied. When both liquid crystal hosts of the two GH layers are horizontally aligned, the optical axes of the liquid crystal hosts of the first and second GH layers may be horizontal to each other.
- the term vertical, orthogonal, horizontal or parallel herein means substantially vertical, orthogonal, horizontal or parallel, for example in the sense of vertical or orthogonal, within 90 to ⁇ 10 degrees, ⁇ Within 9 degrees, within ⁇ 8 degrees, within ⁇ 7 degrees, within ⁇ 6 degrees, within ⁇ 5 degrees, within ⁇ 4 degrees, within ⁇ 3 degrees, within ⁇ 2 degrees, within ⁇ 1 degrees, or within ⁇ 0.5 degrees
- the meaning of horizontal or parallel within 180 degrees within ⁇ 10 degrees, within ⁇ 9 degrees, within ⁇ 8 degrees, within ⁇ 7 degrees, within ⁇ 6 degrees, within ⁇ 5 degrees, within ⁇ 4 degrees This includes variations within ⁇ 3 degrees, within ⁇ 2 degrees, within ⁇ 1 degrees, or within ⁇ 0.5 degrees.
- the optical axis is perpendicular to the GH cell, wherein the angle between the surface of the GH cell and the optical axis is perpendicular or orthogonal, and the optical axis is horizontal with respect to the GH cell. It can mean horizontal or parallel.
- the optical axis of the GH cell in the voltage-free state when the optical axis of the GH cell in the voltage-free state is orthogonal to the GH cell, the optical axis may be oriented parallel to the GH cell by applying voltage, and conversely, the optical axis of the GH cell in the voltage-free state When parallel to the GH cell, the optical axis may be oriented so as to be perpendicular to the GH cell by applying a voltage.
- a normally black mode Is implemented.
- Whether the variable transmittance device is designed in the normal transmission mode or the normal blocking mode may be determined depending on the type of liquid crystal host used, the position of the alignment layer and / or the electrode layer.
- the liquid crystal host of the GH layer when the liquid crystal host of the GH layer is vertically aligned, the liquid crystal host may be designed to have a pretilt angle in a predetermined range.
- the optical axis of the cell may be designed to have a predetermined range of pretilt angle and pretilt direction when the optical axis of the cell is perpendicular to each GH cell, that is, the liquid crystal host in the GH cell is vertically aligned.
- the pretilt angle of the liquid crystal host may mean an angle between the direction of the director of the liquid crystal host and the plane of the GH layer.
- the pretilt direction of the first GH cell and the pretilt direction of the second GH cell may be substantially parallel to each other.
- the pretilt direction may refer to a direction in a state in which the pretilted liquid crystal host is projected onto the GH layer plane.
- the method of controlling the pretilt angle and direction of the liquid crystal host in the GH cell as described above is not particularly limited, and can be controlled using, for example, an alignment film.
- the first and second GH cells may further include two alignment layers disposed on both sides of the first GH layer and the second GH layer, respectively.
- the first GH cell may include a first vertical alignment layer, a first GH layer and a second vertical alignment layer
- the second GH cell may include a third vertical alignment layer, a second GH layer, and
- the fourth vertical alignment layer may be sequentially included.
- the pretilt angle and the pretilt direction may be adjusted by controlling the alignment direction of the alignment layer.
- the pretilt angle may refer to an angle formed by the director of the liquid crystal molecules with respect to a surface parallel to the surface of the alignment layer, the GH layer, or a GH cell (hereinafter, referred to as an alignment layer) or an angle formed with a surface normal direction such as the alignment layer.
- the pretilt angle of the alignment layer may be used in the same sense as the pretilt angle of the liquid crystal host, and the pretilt direction of the alignment layer may be used in the same sense as the pretilt direction of the liquid crystal host.
- the first to fourth vertical alignment layer may have a range in which the pretilt angle is 70 degrees to 90 degrees or more than 70 degrees and less than 90 degrees.
- the pretilt angle is within the above range, it is possible to provide a variable transmittance device having excellent initial transmittance.
- the pretilt angle is at least about 71 degrees, at least 72 degrees, at least about 73 degrees, at least about 74 degrees, at least about 75 degrees, at least about 76 degrees, at least about 77 degrees, at least about 78 degrees, at about 79 degrees.
- the pretilt angle of the first vertical alignment layer is an angle measured in a clockwise or counterclockwise direction with respect to the horizontal surface of the alignment layer, etc.
- the pretilt angle of the second vertical alignment layer is the reverse direction thereof. That is, when the pretilt angle of the first vertical alignment layer is measured in the clockwise direction, or when the pretilt angle of the first vertical alignment layer is measured in the counterclockwise direction, the angle is measured in the clockwise direction or measured in the same direction. May be an angle.
- the pretilt angle of the third vertical alignment layer is an angle measured clockwise or counterclockwise with respect to the plane parallel to the alignment layer and the like, and the pretilt angle of the fourth vertical alignment layer is opposite to that of the third vertical alignment layer. Counterclockwise when the pretilt angle of the vertical alignment film is measured in a clockwise direction or counterclockwise when the pretilt angle of the third vertical alignment film is measured in a counterclockwise direction, or an angle measured in the same direction Can be.
- the pretilt direction may refer to a direction in which the director of the liquid crystal molecules is projected onto the horizontal surface of the alignment layer.
- the pretilt direction of the first and second vertical alignment layers and the pretilt direction of the third and fourth vertical alignment layers may be horizontal to each other.
- the aforementioned pretilt angle and direction may be a pretilt angle and direction measured in each GH layer when the GH layer of each GH cell is in a vertical alignment state.
- the first to fourth vertical alignment layers may be a rubbing alignment layer or a photo alignment layer.
- the orientation direction is determined by the rubbing direction
- the photoalignment film it is determined by the polarization direction or the like of the irradiated light.
- the pretilt angle and the pretilt direction of the vertical alignment layer are based on an alignment condition, for example, rubbing conditions and pressure conditions during rubbing orientation, or a light alignment condition, for example, a polarization state of light, an irradiation angle of light, an irradiation intensity of light, and the like. It can be implemented with appropriate adjustments.
- the pretilt angle may be achieved by controlling the rubbing intensity of the rubbing alignment layer, etc.
- the pretilt direction may be achieved by controlling the rubbing direction of the rubbing alignment layer.
- Such an attainment method is a known method.
- the photo-alignment film it can be achieved by the alignment film material, the direction of polarization applied to the alignment, the state or intensity, and the like.
- rubbing directions of the first and second vertical alignment layers may be the same or opposite to each other, and rubbing directions of the third and fourth vertical alignment layers may be the same or opposite to each other.
- the rubbing direction may be confirmed by measuring the pretilt angle.
- the rubbing direction may be measured by measuring the pretilt angle.
- pretilt angle and direction it may be advantageous to implement a higher transmittance in the clear state and a lower transmittance in the black state.
- each GH cell is not particularly limited as long as it includes the GH layer in the above configuration.
- variable transmittance device of the present application includes at least two GH cells as described above, and further includes a retardation element disposed between the two GH cells. Accordingly, in the transmission mode, light may sequentially transmit the first GH cell, the retardation element, and the second GH cell, or may sequentially transmit the second GH cell, the retardation element, and the first GH cell.
- the specific kind of the retardation element that can be applied in the present application is not particularly limited.
- a phase difference element having a ⁇ / 2 phase delay characteristic may be used as the phase difference element.
- the retardation element having a ⁇ / 2 phase retardation characteristic described above is a device capable of converting the incident light into linearly polarized light that is substantially perpendicular or orthogonal to the incident light when the linearly flattened light is incident.
- the retardation element may have a plane retardation with respect to light having a wavelength of about 550 nm in the range of 200 nm to 350 nm or in the range of 220 nm to 320 nm.
- the surface retardation of the retardation element is a numerical value obtained by multiplying the difference (nx-ny) between the refraction index nx in the slow axis direction of the retardation element and the refractive index ny in the fast axis direction by the thickness d of the retardation element. (d ⁇ (nx-ny)).
- the retardation element as described above has a slow axis direction in the range of about 35 degrees to 55 degrees, in the range of about 40 degrees to 50 degrees, or about 45 degrees when the optical axis of the GH cell is horizontal with respect to the GH cell. It may be arranged to. Transmittance can be changed by the slow axis of the retardation element as described above and the optical axis of the above-described GH cell, and in particular, it is possible to provide a variable transmittance device that ensures a high contrast ratio even when observed in an oblique direction.
- the specific type of the retardation element in the present application is not particularly limited as long as it has the above-described phase retardation, that is, ⁇ / 2 phase delay characteristics, and it may have a single layer or a laminated structure of two or more layers.
- a device having the ⁇ / 2 phase delay characteristics may be implemented by stacking two elements having the ⁇ / 4 phase delay characteristics.
- the directions of slow axes of each layer in the laminated structure may or may not be parallel to each other, but the first or second GH layers as a whole.
- the polarization direction of the linearly polarized light transmitted through the light beam may be rotated by 90 degrees to be set in a direction that allows transmission.
- the retardation element may be a non-liquid crystal polymer film or a liquid crystal polymer film.
- the liquid crystal polymer film is a film prepared by orienting and polymerizing a reactive liquid crystal compound known as RM (reactive mesogen), and the non-liquid crystal polymer film is a polymer film having optical anisotropy in addition to the liquid crystal polymer film, which is uniaxial or biaxial. It may mean a polymer film exhibiting optical anisotropy through a treatment such as stretching.
- Such non-liquid crystalline polymer films include: triacetyl cellulose (TAC) films; COP (cyclo olefin copolymer) films, such as norbornene derivatives; Acrylic films such as PMMA (poly (methyl methacrylate)), polyester films such as PC (polycarbonate) film or polyethylene terephtalate (PET) film, olefin films such as polyethylene (PE) or polypropylene (PP), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) film; Diacetyl cellulose (DAC) film; polyacrylate (Pac) film; poly ether sulfone (PES) film; polyetheretherketon (PEEK) film; polyphenylsulfone (PES), polyetherimide (PEI) film; polyethylenemaphthatlate (PEN) film; polyimide (PI) film; PSF (polysulfone) film or PAR (polyarylate) and the like can be exemplified, but is not limited thereto.
- variable transmittance device of the present application may be implemented in various structures as long as it includes a GH cell and a retardation element including the first and second CH layers.
- the variable transmittance device may include first and second substrates disposed to face each other, and third and fourth substrates also disposed to face each other. This case is illustrated in FIG. 2.
- the first GH is disposed between the first substrate 101 and the second substrate 102.
- the layer 10 may exist and the second GH layer 20 may exist between the third substrate 103 and the fourth substrate 104.
- the second substrate 102 and the third substrate 103 may be disposed to face each other.
- the above-described retardation element may exist between the second and third substrates 102 and 103.
- the second substrate 102 and the third substrate 103 may together constitute the retardation element.
- the second and third substrates 102 and 103 may be isotropic substrates.
- the second and third substrates 102 and 103 are substrates each showing a ⁇ / 4 wavelength phase delay property, and such two substrates are stacked on each other to form a layer showing the ⁇ / 2 phase delay property. have.
- the sum of the planar phase differences between the substrates 102 and 103 and the phase difference element 30 may be within a range capable of exhibiting the ⁇ / 2 phase delay characteristics described above.
- the sum of the surface retardation means an optical sum.
- variable transmittance device may include a first substrate 101, a second substrate 102, and a third substrate 103 sequentially disposed with each other, as shown in FIG. 4.
- the first GH layer 10 may be present between 101 and 102
- the second GH layer 20 may be present between the second and third substrates 102 and 103.
- two GH cells share a single substrate (second substrate 102).
- the shared second substrate may exhibit the ⁇ / 2 phase delay characteristic described above.
- variable transmittance device may be configured in various structures as long as the retardation device as described above may exist between two overlapping GH layers in addition to the above-described structure.
- a known material may be used without particular limitation.
- an inorganic film such as a glass film, a crystalline or amorphous silicon film, a quartz or an indium tin oxide (ITO) film, a plastic film, or the like can be used as the substrate.
- ITO indium tin oxide
- plastic substrates include triacetyl cellulose (TAC) substrates; Cyclo olefin copolymer (COP) substrates such as norbornene derivative substrates; Poly (methyl methacrylate) substrate; polycarbonate (PC) substrate; polyethylene (PE) substrate; polypropylene (PP) substrate; polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) substrate; diacetyl cellulose (DAC) substrate; polyacrylate (Pac) substrate; poly (ES) ether sulfone substrate; PEEK (polyetheretherketon) substrate; polyphenylsulfone (PPS), polyetherimide (PEI) substrate; polyethylenemaphthatlate (PEN) substrate; polyethyleneterephtalate (PET) substrate; polyimide (PI) substrate; polysulfone (PSF) substrate; polyarylate (PAR)
- TAC triacetyl cellulose
- COP Cyclo olefin copolymer
- PES polyacrylate
- PES polyether sulfone
- An electrode layer may be present on the substrate.
- at least one of the surfaces of the substrate included in the variable transmittance device facing the GH layer for example, at least one of the four inner surfaces of the first to fourth substrates in the structures of FIGS. 2 and 3.
- an electrode layer may be present on any one of an inner surface of the first and third substrates 101 and 103 and a surface of both sides of the second substrate 102.
- the term inner surface of a substrate means a surface close to the GH layer of both surfaces of the substrate.
- At least one of the inner surface of the first substrate 101 and the inner surface of the second substrate 102 and the inner surface of the third substrate 103 and the fourth substrate An electrode layer may be present on at least one of the inner surfaces of 104 and may be present on all inner surfaces of the first to fourth substrates so that a vertical electric field may be applied to each GH cell if necessary.
- An electrode layer may be present on at least one of the inner surface of the first substrate 101 and the surface facing the first GH layer 10 of the second substrate 102 and the inner surface of the third substrate 103.
- the electrode layer may be present on at least one of the surfaces facing the second GH layer 20 of the second substrate 102, and the first and the second layers may be applied to the respective GH cells if necessary.
- the electrode layers may be present on all inner surfaces of the three substrates and on both surfaces of the second substrate.
- the electrode layer may be formed using a known material.
- the electrode layer may include a conductive polymer, a conductive metal, a conductive nanowire, or a metal oxide such as indium tin oxide (ITO).
- ITO indium tin oxide
- the electrode layer may be formed to have transparency. In this field, various materials and forming methods capable of forming a transparent electrode layer are known, and all of these methods can be applied. If necessary, the electrode layer formed on the surface of the substrate may be appropriately patterned.
- the liquid crystal alignment layer may be present on the substrate.
- the liquid crystal alignment layer may also be formed on the inner surface of the substrate, that is, the surface facing the GH layer.
- the liquid crystal alignment layer may be formed on the surface of the electrode layer, or may be formed between the electrode layer and the substrate.
- at least one of the inner surfaces of the substrate included in the variable transmittance device for example, at least one of the four inner surfaces of the first to fourth substrates in the structures of FIGS.
- a liquid crystal alignment layer may be present on any one of an inner surface of the first and third substrates 101 and 103 and a surface of both sides of the second substrate 102.
- a liquid crystal alignment layer may be present on at least one of the inner surfaces of 104, and if necessary, liquid crystal alignment layers may be present on all inner surfaces of the first to fourth substrates.
- a liquid crystal alignment layer may be present on at least one of the surfaces facing the second GH layer 20 of the second substrate 102 and, if necessary, all inner surfaces and second surfaces of the first and third substrates.
- the liquid crystal alignment layer may exist on both surfaces of the substrate.
- alignment layer various horizontal alignment layers or vertical alignment layers known in the art may be applied without particular limitation.
- variable transmittance device may include other elements necessary in addition to the GH cell and the retardation element described above.
- an antireflection layer or a hard coating layer may be exemplified, but is not limited thereto.
- variable transmittance device can be applied to various applications.
- applications to which the variable transmittance device may be applied include openings and eyewear in enclosed spaces including buildings, containers, vehicles, and the like, such as windows or sunroofs.
- the eyewear may include all eyewear configured to allow the observer to observe the outside through a lens, such as general glasses, sunglasses, sports goggles or a helmet, or an augmented reality experience device.
- Eyewear is a representative application to which the variable transmittance device of the present application may be applied.
- sunglasses, sports goggles and augmented reality experience devices such as eyewear in which the lens is mounted so as to be inclined with the observer's frontal view is commercially available.
- a high contrast ratio can be ensured even at an inclination angle, and thus can be effectively applied to eyewear having the above structure.
- variable transmittance device of the present application When the variable transmittance device of the present application is applied to the eyewear, the structure of the eyewear is not particularly limited. That is, the variable transmittance device may be mounted and applied to the left eye and / or right eye lenses of a known eyewear structure.
- the eyewear includes a left eye lens and a right eye lens; And a frame supporting the left eye lens and the right eye lens.
- FIG. 5 is an exemplary schematic diagram of the eyewear, a schematic diagram of the eyewear including the frame 12 and the left and right eye lenses 14, but the structure of the eyewear to which the variable transmittance device of the present application can be applied. Is not limited to FIG. 5.
- the left eye lens and the right eye lens may each include the variable transmittance device.
- Such a lens may include only the variable transmittance device, or may include other configuration.
- the eyewear may have various designs.
- the frame may have an angle of 15 degrees to 40 degrees when the eyewear is mounted by an observer and the normal line of the observer's frontal gaze direction and the surface of the transmittance variable device are formed. It may be inclined to be within the range.
- Examples of such eyewear may include sports goggles, augmented reality experience devices, and the like.
- variable transmittance device of the present application can switch between a clear state and a black state, exhibit a high transmittance in the clear state and a high blocking rate in the black state, and exhibit an excellent contrast ratio even at an inclination angle.
- the variable transmittance device of the present application can be applied to a variety of applications including eyewear, such as a variety of construction or vehicle materials that need to adjust the transmittance, augmented reality experience or sports goggles, sunglasses or helmets.
- 1 to 4 are schematic views of an exemplary variable transmittance device of the present application.
- variable transmittance device of the present application is applied.
- 6 and 7 are diagrams illustrating a method of measuring the pretilt angle.
- variable transmittance variable device of the present application will be described in detail through Examples and Comparative Examples, but the scope of the present application is not limited by the variable transmittance device.
- the pretilt angle of the GH cell can be measured in the following manner.
- the pretilt angle of a GH cell is measured in one GH cell and in a double cell in which two GH cells overlap each other. In the case of measuring in the double cell, it is useful when the first to fourth vertical alignment layers have similar pretilt angles.
- the pretilt direction can be confirmed by placing the absorption type linear polarizer on one surface of the GH cell in a state where each GH cell is horizontally aligned, and measuring the transmittance while rotating the polarizer 360 degrees. For example, when the transmittance becomes minimum in the process of rotating the polarizer 360 degrees, an angle perpendicular to the absorption axis of the polarizer or a horizontal angle may be defined as the pretilt direction.
- a GH cell is disposed between the light source and the transmittance measurement sensor (eg, LCMS-200).
- the transmittance is evaluated by a measuring sensor while irradiating light with a light source while rotating the GH cell.
- the alignment state of the GH cells may be maintained in the vertical alignment state.
- the pretilt angle is measured through the angle between the surface normal of the GH cell (indicated by the solid line in the drawing) and the Y-axis at the point where the transmittance is maximized. For example, if the highest transmittance is achieved when the Y-axis and the surface normal form an A degree in FIG. 6, the pretilt angle may be defined as 90 degrees minus the A degree. Degree A in the above is a positive number measured clockwise or counterclockwise.
- a double cell is disposed between a light source and a transmittance measurement sensor (eg, LCMS-200). That is, in FIG. 7, the measuring sensor is disposed on the other side of the first GH cell 10 in the front (outgoing direction of the drawing) or the back (in the drawing direction of the drawing), and the double cell is rotated in the drawing. Rotate by and measure the angle formed by the Y-axis (axis in the direction connecting the light source and the measuring sensor to the shortest distance) and the surface normal of the double cell at the point of maximum transmittance (above A). The value minus the absolute value of the angle can be defined as the pretilt angle. Even in this case, the orientation of the GH cells 10 and 20 may be maintained in the vertical orientation.
- a transmittance measurement sensor eg, LCMS-200
- a first GH cell was prepared by forming a GH layer between two COP (cycloolefin polymer) films in which an indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode layer and a vertical alignment layer were sequentially formed on a surface thereof.
- ITO indium tin oxide
- the cell gap of the GH cell was about 12 ⁇ m.
- the vertical alignment layer an alignment layer having a pretilt angle of about 89 degrees was used.
- the alignment layer was formed by coating a polyimide-based vertical alignment layer on the ITO electrode layer with a bar coating, holding at 130 ° C. for about 30 minutes, and rubbing with a rubbing cloth to form a thickness of about 200 nm.
- the two COP films was laminated so that the rubbing directions were identical to each other.
- the GH layer is a liquid crystal compound having a dielectric anisotropy of about -4.9 and a refractive index anisotropy of about 0.132 and a nematic liquid crystal and a dichroic dye, and a black dye having a dichroic ratio of about 6.5 to 8 is 98.7: 1.3. It was formed by applying a mixture of GH mixed in weight ratio (nematic liquid crystal: dichroic dye). The second GH cell manufactured as described above and the first GH cell are overlapped as shown in FIG. 3, and the transmittance is variable by placing a cycloolefin polymer (COP) film having a plane phase difference of about 275 nm with respect to a 550 nm wavelength therebetween.
- COP cycloolefin polymer
- the device was manufactured.
- the device is a type of device in which the liquid crystal hosts of the first and second GH cells are in a vertical alignment state when no voltage is applied, and when the voltage is applied, the liquid crystal host is horizontally aligned.
- the lamination of the first and second GH layers was such that the optical axes of the liquid crystal hosts in each GH layer were horizontal to each other during the horizontal alignment, and the slow axis of the COP film was approximately 45 degrees with the optical axis of the horizontally aligned liquid crystal host. To achieve.
- an isotropic (poly (ethylene terephthalate)) film in which an indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode layer and a vertical alignment layer are sequentially formed as a substrate, and an ITO electrode layer and a vertical alignment layer are sequentially formed on a surface, and have a wavelength of 550 nm.
- the first and second GH cells were prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that a COP (cycloolefin polymer) film having a plane phase difference of about 137.5 nm was applied and the cell gap was about 11 ⁇ m.
- the slow axis of the COP film during the manufacture of the GH cell was such that the liquid crystal host of the GH cell was 45 degrees with the optical axis during horizontal alignment.
- the device is a type of device in which the liquid crystal hosts of the first and second GH cells are in a vertical alignment state when no voltage is applied, and when the voltage is applied, the liquid crystal host is horizontally aligned.
- the lamination of the first and second GH layers was such that the optical axes of the liquid crystal host in each GH layer were horizontal to each other during the horizontal alignment.
- Transmittance is variable as in Example 1, except that the GH cells are stacked such that the optical axes of the liquid crystal hosts are perpendicular to each other when the first and second GH cells are horizontally aligned without applying a COP film as a retardation element.
- the device was prepared.
- the light transmittance of the D65 light source was irradiated to the variable transmittance devices manufactured in Examples and Comparative Examples to evaluate the linear light transmittance.
- the transmittance is set at 0 degrees to the right horizontal direction at the center of the variable transmittance device and 180 degrees to the left horizontal direction, in the center direction (front), 0 degree direction, 90 degree direction, 180 degree direction and 270 degree direction.
- the transmittance was measured, and both transmittances in the front, top, bottom, left, and right directions were measured.
- Both the devices of Examples and Comparative Examples were in the normal transmission mode showing high transmittance in the absence of voltage, and the transmittance decreased with the application of voltage, and showed the minimum transmittance when a voltage of about 28V was applied.
- the transmittance and contrast ratio according to the applied voltage of the devices are summarized in the following table.
- Table 1 is a measurement result for Example 1
- Table 2 is a measurement result for Example 2.
- the contrast ratio CR is the ratio (Tc / T) of the minimum transmittance T to the maximum transmittance Tc which is confirmed when the transmittance is measured while varying the amount of voltage applied.
- variable transmittance device of the present application exhibits an appropriate transmittance variable characteristic in both front, top, bottom, left, and right sides, and a section in which the transmittance increases and decreases with voltage applied according to the viewing angle (ex. 270 degrees) is confirmed. It can be confirmed that it can be applied to.
- the linear light transmittance was evaluated by irradiating the light of the D65 light source to the variable transmittance devices manufactured in Example 1 and Comparative Example 1.
- the incident light was irradiated at an angle of about 20 degrees with the surface normal of the variable transmittance device.
- Both the devices of Examples and Comparative Examples were in the normal transmission mode showing high transmittance in the absence of voltage, and the transmittance decreased with the application of voltage, and showed the minimum transmittance when a voltage of about 28V was applied.
- Table 3 shows the transmittance and contrast ratio according to the voltage applied to each device.
- the contrast ratio is the ratio (Tc / T) of the minimum and maximum transmittances as in Test Example 1.
- Example 1 Comparative Example 1 Straight light transmittance (%) 0 V 45.9 46.3 11 V 6.9 7.9 15 V 6.1 7.2 20 V 5.7 6.7 Contrast Ratio 11 V 6.7 5.9 15 V 7.5 6.5 20 V 8.1 6.9
- variable transmittance device can realize a high clear transmittance and a low black state transmittance even with oblique light, and thus exhibit an excellent contrast ratio.
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Abstract
Description
| 인가전압 | 정면투과율 | 0도 투과율 | 180도투과율 | 90도투과율 | 270도투과율 |
| 0V | 51.4% | 41.8% | 40.6% | 37.5% | 44.8% |
| 2V | 45.9% | 38.9% | 38.1% | 28.0% | 49.1% |
| 28V | 2.9% | 4. 2% | 3.0% | 2.9% | 3.2% |
| CR | 17.5 | 9.9 | 13.4 | 13 | 15.6 |
| 인가전압 | 정면투과율 | 0도 투과율 | 180도투과율 | 90도투과율 | 270도투과율 |
| 0V | 54.2% | 44.1% | 44.6% | 41.8% | 47.1% |
| 2V | 45.0% | 40.2% | 40.5% | 27.5% | 51.6% |
| 28V | 4.3% | 5.8% | 4.3% | 4.2% | 4.6% |
| CR | 12.7 | 7.6 | 9.4 | 10 | 11.3 |
| 실시예 1 | 비교예 1 | ||
| 직진광투과율(%) | 0V | 45.9 | 46.3 |
| 11V | 6.9 | 7.9 | |
| 15V | 6.1 | 7.2 | |
| 20V | 5.7 | 6.7 | |
| 콘트라스트비 | 11V | 6.7 | 5.9 |
| 15V | 7.5 | 6.5 | |
| 20V | 8.1 | 6.9 | |
Claims (18)
- 서로 중첩 배치되어 있는 제 1 및 제 2 게스트 호스트층을 포함하는 투과율 가변 장치로서,상기 제 1 및 제 2 게스트 호스트층은 각각 액정 호스트 및 이색성 염료 게스트를 포함하고, 전압 무인가 또는 전압 인가 상태에서 상기 제 1 및 제 2 게스트 호스트층의 액정 호스트는 서로의 광축이 수평하도록 수평 배향되어 있으며,상기 제 1 및 제 2 게스트 호스트층의 사이에는 위상차 소자가 배치되어 있는 투과율 가변 장치.
- 제 1 항에 있어서, 전압의 인가에 따라 클리어 상태와 블랙 상태의 사이를 스위칭할 수 있는 투과율 가변 장치.
- 제 2 항에 있어서, 클리어 상태에서 게스트 호스트층 표면의 법선과 20도의 각도를 이루는 입사광의 투과율(Tc)과 블랙 상태에서의 상기 입사광의 투과율(Tb)의 비율(Tc/Tb)이 7.5 이상인 투과율 가변 장치.
- 제 1 항에 있어서, 액정 호스트는 네마틱 액정 화합물을 포함하는 투과율 가변 장치.
- 제 1 항에 있어서, 이색성 염료로는, 아조 염료, 안트라퀴논 염료, 메틴 염료, 아조메틴 염료, 메로시아닌 염료, 나프토퀴논 염료, 테트라진 염료, 페닐렌 염료, 퀴터릴렌 염료, 벤조티아다이아졸 염료, 다이케토피롤로피롤 염료, 스쿠아레인 염료 또는 파이로메텐 염료인 투과율 가변 장치.
- 제 1 항에 있어서, 제 1 및 제 2 게스트 호스트층의 액정 호스트가 전압 무인가 상태에서 수평 배향되어 있는 경우에 전압 인가에 의해 수직 배향 상태로 전환되고, 전압 인가 상태에서 수평 배향되어 있는 경우에는 전압 무인가 상태에서 수직 배향 상태로 전환되는 투과율 가변 장치.
- 제 6 항에 있어서, 수직 배향 상태의 액정 호스트는 70도 이상, 90도 미만의 범위 내의 프리틸트각을 가지는 투과율 가변 장치.
- 제 7 항에 있어서, 제 1 게스트 호스트층의 프리틸트 방향과 제 2 게스트 호스트층의 프리틸트 방향은 서로 평행한 투과율 가변 장치.
- 제 1 항에 있어서, 위상차 소자는, 550 nm의 파장의 광에 대한 면상 위상차가 200 nm 내지 350 nm의 범위 내인 투과율 가변 장치.
- 제 1 항에 있어서, 위상차 소자의 지상축과 게스트 호스트층의 액정 호스트의 수평 배향시의 광축이 이루는 각도가 35도 내지 55도의 범위 내인 투과율 가변 장치.
- 제 1 항에 있어서, 위상차 소자는, 비액정 고분자 필름 또는 액정 고분자 필름인 투과율 가변 장치.
- 제 1 항에 있어서, 서로 대향 배치되어 있는 제 1 및 제 2 기판과 서로 대향 배치되어 있는 제 3 및 제 4 기판을 추가로 포함하고, 제 1 게스트 호스트층이 상기 제 1 및 제 2 기판의 사이에 위치하며, 제 2 게스트 호스트층이 상기 제 3 및 제 4 기판의 사이에 존재하고, 상기 제 2 및 제 3 기판이 서로 대향하여 배치되어 있는 투과율 가변 장치.
- 제 12 항에 있어서, 제 2 및 제 3 기판의 550 nm의 파장의 광에 대한 면상 위상차의 합계치가 200 nm 내지 350 nm의 범위 내인 투과율 가변 장치.
- 제 1 항에 있어서, 서로 대향 배치되어 있는 제 1 및 제 2 기판과 서로 대향 배치되어 있는 제 3 및 제 4 기판을 추가로 포함하고, 제 1 게스트 호스트층이 상기 제 1 및 제 2 기판의 사이에 위치하며, 제 2 게스트 호스트층이 상기 제 3 및 제 4 기판의 사이에 존재하고, 상기 제 2 및 제 3 기판이 서로 대향하여 배치되어 있으며, 상기 제 2 및 제 3 기판의 사이에 상기 위상차 소자가 존재하는 투과율 가변 장치.
- 제 13 항에 있어서, 제 2 기판, 위상차 소자 및 제 3 기판의 550 nm의 파장의 광에 대한 면상 위상차의 합계치가 200 nm 내지 350 nm의 범위 내인 투과율 가변 장치.
- 제 1 항에 있어서, 순차 배치된 제 1 기판, 제 2 기판 및 제 3 기판을 추가로 포함하고, 상기 제 1 및 제 2 기판의 사이에 제 1 게스트 호스트층이 존재하며, 상기 제 2 및 제 3 기판의 사이에 제 2 게스트 호스트층이 존재하고, 상기 제 2 기판의 550 nm의 파장의 광에 대한 면상 위상차가 200 nm 내지 350 nm의 범위 내인 투과율 가변 장치.
- 좌안용 렌즈와 우안용 렌즈; 및 상기 좌안용 렌즈와 우안용 렌즈를 지지하는 프레임을 포함하는 아이웨어로서,상기 좌안용 렌즈 및 우안용 렌즈는 각각 제 1 항의 투과율 가변 장치를 포함하고,상기 프레임은, 장착 시의 관찰자의 정면 시선 방향과 상기 투과율 가변 장치 표면의 법선이 이루는 각도가 15도 내지 40도의 범위 내가 되도록 형성되어 있는 아이웨어.
- 제 17 항에 있어서, 증강 현실 체험용 기기인 아이웨어.
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| US16/607,581 US11003032B2 (en) | 2017-04-28 | 2018-04-25 | Transmittance-variable device |
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| US12173555B2 (en) * | 2020-01-16 | 2024-12-24 | Intosee Co., Ltd | Storage box having display panel |
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| JP7708500B2 (ja) * | 2022-03-03 | 2025-07-15 | エルジー・ケム・リミテッド | 光学フィルム、コーティング層形成用組成物、および電子機器 |
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| KR101971419B1 (ko) | 2015-09-25 | 2019-04-23 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 광학 소자 |
| JP6549335B2 (ja) | 2016-03-28 | 2019-07-24 | エルシー−テック ディスプレイズ アーベーLc−Tec Displays Ab | 広視角を有する電気光学ゲストホスト液晶可変透過フィルタ |
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2017
- 2017-04-28 KR KR1020170055171A patent/KR102079135B1/ko active Active
-
2018
- 2018-04-25 JP JP2019558679A patent/JP2020518032A/ja active Pending
- 2018-04-25 WO PCT/KR2018/004780 patent/WO2018199614A1/ko not_active Ceased
- 2018-04-25 EP EP18791636.6A patent/EP3617769B1/en active Active
- 2018-04-25 CN CN201880027093.3A patent/CN110573927B/zh active Active
- 2018-04-25 US US16/607,581 patent/US11003032B2/en active Active
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP3617769A1 (en) | 2020-03-04 |
| EP3617769A4 (en) | 2020-03-18 |
| US20200050045A1 (en) | 2020-02-13 |
| CN110573927A (zh) | 2019-12-13 |
| KR102079135B1 (ko) | 2020-02-19 |
| CN110573927B (zh) | 2022-03-08 |
| EP3617769B1 (en) | 2023-05-03 |
| US11003032B2 (en) | 2021-05-11 |
| KR20180121028A (ko) | 2018-11-07 |
| JP2020518032A (ja) | 2020-06-18 |
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