WO2018193568A1 - Fuel production device and fuel production method - Google Patents

Abstract

This fuel production device 100 is provided with: a sorting unit 110 that sorts a biomass raw material BG0 into a first biomass raw material BG1 having a predetermined size or greater, and a second biomass raw material BG2 that is smaller than the predetermined size; a heating furnace 180 that heats the second biomass raw material BG2 to a predetermined temperature; and a contact unit 190 that causes a volatile gas VG produced by the heating furnace 180 to come into contact with the first biomass raw material (pellets PT).

Description

Fuel production apparatus and fuel production method

The present disclosure relates to a fuel manufacturing apparatus and a fuel manufacturing method.

In recent years, technologies for effectively using lignocellulosic biomass such as herbaceous biomass and woody biomass as fuel have been developed. Herbaceous biomass is, for example, empty fruit bunches (EFB: Empty 椰 Bunch), palm coconut shell (PKS), etc., produced as a result of producing palm oil from palm coconut. Woody biomass is wood, sawdust, bark, and the like.

∙ Locations where biomass is generated and locations where biomass is used may be far apart. For this reason, it is necessary to store and transport biomass.

However, in the above lignocellulosic biomass, there are also species to which microorganisms are attached. For this reason, microorganisms grow while the biomass is stored, for example, organic matter in the biomass is decomposed, and the biomass deteriorates (reduction of fuel components), or the biomass spontaneously ignites. The problem that occurs.

Therefore, a technique for supplying water vapor to the biomass and sterilizing the biomass has been developed (for example, Patent Document 1).

JP 2012-31360 A

However, the technique disclosed in Patent Document 1 requires a boiler for generating water vapor, which increases equipment costs and running costs.

In view of such a problem, the present disclosure is intended to provide a fuel manufacturing apparatus and a fuel manufacturing method capable of sterilizing biomass at a low cost.

In order to solve the above-described problem, a fuel manufacturing apparatus according to an aspect of the present disclosure includes a biomass raw material, a first biomass raw material having a predetermined size or more, and a second biomass raw material having a predetermined size or less. A sorting unit that sorts the second biomass material into a predetermined temperature, and a contact unit that contacts the volatile gas generated by the heating furnace with the first biomass material.

A combustion furnace for combusting the second biomass material after being heated by the heating furnace, wherein the heating furnace heats the second biomass material with combustion exhaust gas generated in the combustion furnace; Good.

The contact portion further includes a combustion furnace that combusts volatile gas after contacting the first biomass material, and the heating furnace heats the second biomass material with combustion exhaust gas generated in the combustion furnace. May be.

In order to solve the above-described problem, a fuel production method according to an aspect of the present disclosure includes a biomass raw material, a first biomass raw material having a predetermined size or more, and a second biomass raw material having a predetermined size or less. And a step of heating the second biomass raw material to a predetermined temperature to generate a volatile gas, and a step of bringing the volatile gas into contact with the first biomass raw material.

It becomes possible to sterilize biomass at low cost.

It is a figure explaining a fuel manufacturing apparatus. It is a figure explaining the specific structural example of a contact part. It is a flowchart which shows the flow of a process of a fuel manufacturing method.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The dimensions, materials, and other specific numerical values shown in the embodiments are merely examples for facilitating understanding, and do not limit the present disclosure unless otherwise specified. In the present specification and drawings, elements having substantially the same function and configuration are denoted by the same reference numerals, and redundant description is omitted. Also, illustration of elements not directly related to the present disclosure is omitted.

(Fuel production apparatus 100)
In the present embodiment, EFB (empty fruit bunch) will be described as an example of a biomass raw material.

FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining a fuel production apparatus 100. In FIG. 1, solid flows such as biomass raw materials, residues, pellets, and solid fuel are indicated by solid arrows, and gas flows such as air, combustion exhaust gas, and volatile gas are indicated by dashed arrows. As shown in FIG. 1, the fuel production apparatus 100 includes a sorting unit 110, a primary crushing unit 120, a drying unit 130, a secondary crushing unit 140, a pelletizer 150, a cooling unit 160, a combustion furnace 170, A heating furnace 180 and a contact portion 190 are included.

The sorting unit 110 sorts the biomass material BG0 into a first biomass material BG1 and a second biomass material BG2. The first biomass raw material BG1 is EFB having a predetermined size (for example, 5 cm) or more. The second biomass raw material BG2 is a foreign matter such as EFB and PKS that is less than a predetermined size. The sorting unit 110 is configured by, for example, a sheave (circular forced sieve). The first biomass raw material BG1 (EFB having a predetermined size or more) selected by the selection unit 110 is conveyed to the primary crushing unit 120 at the subsequent stage. The second biomass raw material BG2 (the EFB and the foreign matter having a size less than a predetermined size) sorted by the sorting unit 110 is conveyed to a heating furnace 180 described later.

The primary crushing unit 120 crushes (primary crushing) the first biomass raw material BG1 to about 5 cm, for example. The first biomass raw material BG1 crushed by the primary crushing unit 120 is conveyed to the subsequent drying unit 130.

The drying unit 130 is dried by high-temperature gas such as high-temperature air or combustion exhaust gas. The combustion exhaust gas is a gas generated when fuel is burned in a combustion apparatus (not shown). The drying unit 130 dries the first biomass raw material BG1 with a high-temperature gas until the water content becomes about 10%. The first biomass raw material BG1 dried by the drying unit 130 is conveyed to the subsequent secondary crushing unit 140. In the drying unit 130, the gas KG after drying the first biomass raw material BG1 is supplied to a combustion furnace 170 described later.

The secondary crushing unit 140 crushes (secondary crushing) the dried first biomass raw material BG1 to about 1 cm, for example. The first biomass raw material BG1 crushed by the secondary crushing unit 140 is conveyed to the subsequent pelletizer 150.

The pelletizer 150 molds the second crushed first biomass raw material BG1, and generates pellets PT (for example, a cylindrical shape). The pellet PT generated by the pelletizer 150 is conveyed to the cooling unit 160 at the subsequent stage.

The cooling unit 160 cools the pellet PT to room temperature (for example, about 25 ° C.). The pellet PT cooled by the cooling unit 160 is conveyed to a contact unit 190 described later.

Combustion furnace 170 burns fuel with air to generate combustion exhaust gas EX. The generated combustion exhaust gas EX is sent to the heating furnace 180.

The heating furnace 180 heats the second biomass material BG2 to a predetermined temperature with the combustion exhaust gas EX. The predetermined temperature is, for example, 150 ° C. or higher and lower than 200 ° C. Thereby, the volatile substance (tar etc.) contained in 2nd biomass raw material BG2 volatilizes, and the volatile gas VG is produced | generated. In addition, when the heating temperature of 2nd biomass raw material BG2 shall be less than 150 degreeC, heating temperature will be less than the boiling point of a volatile substance. For this reason, a volatile substance does not volatilize efficiently and the production amount of volatile gas VG will reduce. Moreover, if the heating temperature of 2nd biomass raw material BG2 shall be 200 degreeC or more, 2nd biomass raw material BG2 will ignite. Therefore, the heating temperature of the second biomass raw material BG2 is preferably 150 ° C. or higher and lower than 200 ° C.

Further, the time (heating time) for the heating furnace 180 to maintain the second biomass raw material BG2 in an environment of 150 ° C. or higher and lower than 200 ° C. is preferably 30 minutes or longer and 1 hour or shorter. When the heating time of the second biomass raw material BG2 becomes longer, the amount of volatile gas VG generated increases, but when it exceeds 1 hour, it is hardly generated. Therefore, the production amount of the volatile gas VG can be sufficiently ensured by setting the heating time of the second biomass raw material BG2 to 30 minutes or more. In addition, by setting the heating time of the second biomass raw material BG2 to 1 hour or less, the generation time of the volatile gas VG can be appropriately maintained.

The volatile gas VG generated in this way is sent to the subsequent contact portion 190. The second biomass raw material BG2 (hereinafter referred to as “residue ZS”) from which volatile substances have been removed is transported to the combustion furnace 170 and used as fuel.

The contact unit 190 brings the volatile gas VG into contact with the pellet PT. Thereby, the solid fuel KN in which the volatile material in the volatile gas VG is coated on the pellet PT can be manufactured.

FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining a specific configuration example of the contact portion 190. As shown in FIG. 2, the contact unit 190 includes a contact chamber 192 and a transport unit 194. In FIG. 2, the flow of gas such as the volatile gas VG and the residual gas ZG is indicated by broken arrows, and the flow of solid such as the pellet PT and solid fuel KN is indicated by solid arrows. In FIG. 2, the pellet PT and the solid fuel KN are indicated by black circles.

In the contact chamber 192, a gas supply port 192a and a gas discharge port 192b are formed. The gas supply port 192a is provided below the gas discharge port 192b. A gas supply pipe 192c is connected to the gas supply port 192a. Volatile gas VG is supplied from the heating furnace 180 into the contact chamber 192 through the gas supply pipe 192c and the gas supply port 192a.

The transfer unit 194 is provided between the gas supply port 192a and the gas discharge port 192b in the contact chamber 192. The transport unit 194 carries in the pellet PT. Further, the transport unit 194 carries out the solid fuel KN from the contact chamber 192. The conveyance part 194 is comprised with a conveyor, for example. A plurality of holes smaller than the pellet PT (solid fuel KN) are formed in the endless belt constituting the transport unit 194. Therefore, the pellet PT comes into contact with the volatile gas VG in the transport process by the transport unit 194.

Then, phenols and the like contained in the volatile gas VG are coated on the pellet PT, and the pellet PT is sterilized by the phenols and the like. Note that the contact chamber 192 is preferably maintained at 20 ° C. to 50 ° C. Thereby, the disinfection efficiency of the pellet PT by the volatile gas VG can be improved.

Thus, the pellet PT (solid fuel KN) sterilized by the volatile gas VG is discharged to the outside by the transport unit 194 and stored as the solid fuel KN. Further, the volatile gas VG (hereinafter referred to as “residual gas ZG”) after contacting the pellet PT in the contact chamber 192 is combusted through the gas exhaust port 192b and the gas exhaust pipe 192d connected to the gas exhaust port 192b. It is supplied to the furnace 170.

Note that the conveyance speed of the conveyance unit 194 is set so that the conveyance time from when the pellet PT is carried into the contact chamber 192 to when it is carried out of the contact chamber 192 is 30 minutes or more and 1 hour 30 minutes or less. The That is, the conveyance speed is set so that the contact time between the pellet PT and the volatile gas VG is 30 minutes or more and 1 hour 30 minutes or less.

(Fuel production method)
Next, a fuel manufacturing method using the fuel manufacturing apparatus 100 will be described. FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing a processing flow of the fuel production method. As shown in FIG. 3, the fuel production method of the present embodiment includes a sorting step S110, a primary crushing step S120, a drying step S130, a secondary crushing step S140, a molding step S150, a cooling step S160, and a contact step S170.

(Sorting step S110)
The sorting step S110 is a step in which the sorting unit 110 sorts the biomass raw material BG0 into a first biomass raw material BG1 having a predetermined size or larger and a second biomass raw material BG2 having a predetermined size or smaller.

(Primary crushing step S120)
The primary crushing step S120 is a step in which the primary crushing unit 120 primarily crushes the first biomass raw material BG1 sorted in the sorting step S110.

(Drying step S130)
The drying step S130 is a step in which the drying unit 130 dries the first crushed first biomass raw material BG1.

(Secondary crushing step S140)
The secondary crushing step S140 is a step in which the secondary crushing unit 140 secondary crushes the dried first biomass raw material BG1.

(Molding step S150)
The molding step S150 is a step in which the pelletizer 150 molds the first crushed biomass material BG1 into pellets PT.

(Cooling step S160)
The cooling step S160 is a step in which the cooling unit 160 cools the molded pellet PT.

(Contacting step S170)
The contact step S170 is a step in which the contact unit 190 makes the volatile gas VG contact the pellet PT and coats the pellet PT with a volatile substance to produce the solid fuel KN. Note that the volatile gas VG is generated when the heating furnace 180 heats the second biomass material BG2 selected in the selection step S110 to a predetermined temperature.

As described above, the fuel manufacturing apparatus 100 and the fuel manufacturing method using the same according to the present embodiment use the volatile gas VG obtained by heating the second biomass raw material BG2 as pellets PT (first biomass raw material). The pellet PT can be sterilized by a simple process such as simply contacting BG1). Therefore, the pellet PT can be sterilized at a low cost.

Moreover, since the second biomass raw material BG2 cannot be processed into pellets PT, it is sorted by the sorting unit 110. Therefore, the second biomass raw material BG2 has been conventionally discarded. Therefore, in the heating furnace 180 of the fuel production apparatus 100 of the present embodiment, the second biomass raw material BG2 that has been conventionally discarded is heated to generate the volatile gas VG. This makes it possible to generate the volatile gas VG at low cost by effectively using the second biomass raw material BG2 that has been conventionally discarded.

As described above, the residue ZS is conveyed to the combustion furnace 170, and the combustion furnace 170 burns the residue ZS as fuel. Thereby, the cost for the combustion furnace 170 to generate the combustion exhaust gas EX can be reduced.

Also, as described above, the combustion furnace 170 can be supplied with the gas KG after drying the first biomass raw material BG1. The gas KG after drying the first biomass raw material BG1 is at a higher temperature than air at normal temperature (for example, 25 ° C.). Therefore, when the combustion furnace 170 burns the fuel with the gas KG, the high-temperature combustion exhaust gas EX can be generated with a smaller amount of fuel than in the case where the combustion is performed only with air.

Further, as described above, the residual gas ZG is supplied to the combustion furnace 170. Volatile substances remain in the residual gas ZG. For this reason, the volatile substance can be burned as fuel in the combustion furnace 170. Thereby, the cost for the combustion furnace 170 to generate the combustion exhaust gas EX can be reduced.

Further, the residual gas ZG is higher in temperature than air at normal temperature (for example, 25 ° C.), like the gas KG. Therefore, in the combustion furnace 170, by using the residue gas ZG having a relatively high temperature, it is possible to generate the combustion exhaust gas EX having a higher temperature than in the case where the combustion is performed only with air.

As mentioned above, although embodiment was described referring an accompanying drawing, it cannot be overemphasized that this indication is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiment. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made in the scope described in the claims, and these are naturally within the technical scope of the present disclosure. Is done.

For example, in the said embodiment, the heating furnace 180 demonstrated and demonstrated the structure which heats 2nd biomass raw material BG2 to 150 degreeC or more and less than 200 degreeC. However, the heating temperature is not limited. The heating furnace 180 may heat the second biomass raw material BG2 to a temperature that efficiently generates the volatile gas VG.

Moreover, in the said embodiment, the heating furnace 180 heated the 2nd biomass raw material BG2, and it demonstrated and demonstrated as an example the structure which makes 30 minutes or more and 1 hour or less. However, there is no limitation on the heating time. The heating furnace 180 may set the time during which the volatile gas VG can be efficiently generated from the second biomass raw material BG2 as the heating time.

Moreover, in the said embodiment, the contact part 190 contacted the pellet PT and the volatile gas VG, and demonstrated as an example the structure which makes the contact time 30 minutes or more and 1 hour 30 minutes or less. However, there is no limitation on the contact time. The contact part 190 should just make the time which can disinfect the pellet PT efficiently as a contact time.

Moreover, in the said embodiment, the fuel manufacturing apparatus 100 demonstrated and demonstrated the structure provided with the primary crushing part 120, the drying part 130, the secondary crushing part 140, the pelletizer 150, and the cooling part 160 as an example. However, the primary crushing unit 120, the drying unit 130, the secondary crushing unit 140, the pelletizer 150, and the cooling unit 160 are not essential components. For example, the volatile gas VG may be directly brought into contact with the first biomass raw material BG1 selected by the selection unit 110.

Moreover, in the said embodiment, the combustion furnace 170 demonstrated and demonstrated as an example the structure which burns residue ZS (2nd biomass raw material BG2 after being heated by the heating furnace 180). Moreover, in the said embodiment, the combustion furnace 170 demonstrated and demonstrated as an example the structure which burns residue gas ZG (volatile gas VG after contacting with pellet PT (1st biomass raw material BG1) in the contact part 190). However, the combustion furnace 170 is not limited to fuel as long as it can generate combustion exhaust gas having a relatively high temperature.

Further, in the above embodiment, the configuration in which the fuel manufacturing apparatus 100 includes the combustion furnace 170 has been described as an example. However, the combustion furnace 170 is not an essential configuration. The heating furnace 180 should just be able to heat 2nd biomass raw material BG2 to such an extent that volatile gas VG can be produced | generated.

The present disclosure can be used for a fuel manufacturing apparatus and a fuel manufacturing method.

S110 Sorting step S170 Contacting step 100 Fuel production apparatus 110 Sorting unit 170 Combustion furnace 180 Heating furnace 190 Contacting unit

Claims (4)

A sorting unit for sorting the biomass material into a first biomass material having a predetermined size or more and a second biomass material having a size less than the predetermined size;
A heating furnace for heating the second biomass raw material to a predetermined temperature;
A contact portion for bringing the volatile gas generated by the heating furnace into contact with the first biomass raw material;
A fuel production apparatus comprising: Comprising a combustion furnace for burning the second biomass material after being heated by the heating furnace;
The fuel manufacturing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the heating furnace heats the second biomass material with combustion exhaust gas generated in the combustion furnace. A combustion furnace for combusting volatile gas after contacting the first biomass material in the contact portion;
The fuel manufacturing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the heating furnace heats the second biomass material with combustion exhaust gas generated in the combustion furnace. Sorting the biomass material into a first biomass material having a predetermined size or more and a second biomass material having a size less than the predetermined size;
Heating the second biomass raw material to a predetermined temperature to generate volatile gas;
Contacting the volatile gas with the first biomass feedstock;
A fuel manufacturing method comprising:

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