[go: up one dir, main page]

WO2018191111A1 - Appareil et procédé de coulage et de formage par trempe sous pression - Google Patents

Appareil et procédé de coulage et de formage par trempe sous pression Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2018191111A1
WO2018191111A1 PCT/US2018/026436 US2018026436W WO2018191111A1 WO 2018191111 A1 WO2018191111 A1 WO 2018191111A1 US 2018026436 W US2018026436 W US 2018026436W WO 2018191111 A1 WO2018191111 A1 WO 2018191111A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
metal alloy
product
pressure
temperature
mold
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/US2018/026436
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Raymond J. Kilmer
Andre L. Wilson
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Howmet Aerospace Inc
Original Assignee
Arconic Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Arconic Inc filed Critical Arconic Inc
Publication of WO2018191111A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018191111A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D18/00—Pressure casting; Vacuum casting
    • B22D18/02—Pressure casting making use of mechanical pressure devices, e.g. cast-forging
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D21/00—Casting non-ferrous metals or metallic compounds so far as their metallurgical properties are of importance for the casting procedure; Selection of compositions therefor
    • B22D21/02—Casting exceedingly oxidisable non-ferrous metals, e.g. in inert atmosphere
    • B22D21/04—Casting aluminium or magnesium
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D27/00—Treating the metal in the mould while it is molten or ductile ; Pressure or vacuum casting
    • B22D27/04—Influencing the temperature of the metal, e.g. by heating or cooling the mould

Definitions

  • a "metal alloy” as used herein is defined as an alloy based on a metal.
  • One species is a multi-component alloy wherein the multi-component alloy realizes an entropy of mixing of at least 1 .25.
  • Species within the genus of "metal alloy” includes aluminum alloys, nickel alloys, titanium alloys, steels, cobalt alloys, and chromium alloys.
  • Aluminum alloys are presented as an example herein. Exemplary aluminum alloys may include AA (Aluminum Association) 2xxx, 3xxx, 5xxx, 6xxx, and 7xxx series aluminum alloy formulations.
  • This disclosure presents an apparatus and a process for economically forming a formed product (e.g. that is completely cast, partially cast/wrought, or completely wrought) with fine grain solid structure and near final shape structure.
  • a metal alloy or metal alloy matrix composite with a specific composition is selected to be cast and formed into a product.
  • the elemental components for this metal alloy or alloy matrix are prepared as feedstock melt and loaded into a mold cavity.
  • the mold cavity is then closed and the melt compressed at a first pressure while the melt is cooled from a molten state to a first, semi-solid product state.
  • Applied pressure is then increased to a second, forming pressure to form the near final shape of the product. This second pressure is maintained while cooling continues until a fully solid state product is achieved.
  • Pressure is then again increased to a third pressure further compressing the product to achieve a substantially final product shape while at the same time temperature could be quickly reduced, or quenched, to ambient temperature.
  • quench occurs while the product is in the mold (e.g. cooling the mold).
  • the product is removed from the mold and directly quenched (e.g. product in communication with the quench medium).
  • the final product produced via this method has a fine grain structure and final shape that is achievable by such a three or four step pressurization/temperature quench process.
  • One embodiment of the final product produced in accordance with this disclosure may be utilized as a vehicle wheel such as an automotive, commercial transportation (e.g. truck wheel) or aircraft wheel and/or may be used in aerospace applications.
  • An embodiment in accordance with the present disclosure may be viewed as an apparatus for casting and forming a metal alloy or alloy matrix composite product.
  • This apparatus includes a pressure casting mold configured to receive and compress a metal alloy melt, a cooling system operably connected to the mold for controllably reducing temperature of the alloy melt in the mold while the melt is compressed, a pressurizer operably connected to the mold for applying a sequence of predetermined compressive pressures to the metal alloy in the mold, and a quench device operable, in a three step process, to rapidly reduce temperature of the product in the mold in order to maintain near final internal product properties obtained at one of the predetermined pressures or, in a four step process, to receive the product from the mold while in a hot solid state and rapidly reduce temperature of the product in order to maintain near final internal product properties obtained at one of the predetermined pressures.
  • This apparatus is especially useful in producing an aluminum metal alloy wheel product or other alloys deemed heat treatable.
  • the pressurizer is, in some embodiments, maintained at a first predetermined pressure such as atmospheric pressure until the metal alloy or or metal alloy matrix composite melt is cooled to a semi-solid high temperature state.
  • the pressurizer is configured to apply to the metal alloy in the mold a second predetermined pressure greater than the first predetermined pressure while the metal alloy in the mold is cooled from the semi-solid state to below the solidus temperature for the alloy in the mold. Then the pressurizer applies to the metal alloy in the mold a third predetermined pressure greater than the second predetermined pressure to form a final product at the temperature below the solidus temperature.
  • the quench device is operable in some embodiments to receive the final product from the mold at the high temperature and cool the final product to an ambient temperature within about 60 seconds.
  • This quench device in some embodiments has a plurality of rotating fluid spray nozzles operable to direct a cooling fluid around the solidified metal alloy final product during the quench operation.
  • the quench device includes a frame for supporting the product above a rotating array of fluid spray nozzles while the nozzles are raised to and lowered from around the product as required.
  • the quench device includes a frame for supporting the product and an array of fluid spray nozzles operable to spray a fluid over all surfaces of the product.
  • the quench device is configured to cool the final or near final product while in the mold to an ambient temperature within about 60 seconds.
  • An embodiment in accordance with the present disclosure may alternatively be viewed as a method of casting and forming a metal alloy or metal alloy matrix composite product.
  • This method includes pouring a molten metal alloy or alloy matrix composite melt into a mold cavity, closing the mold cavity, and applying a first pressure to the molten metal alloy in the mold cavity. Then cooling the molten metal alloy or alloy matrix composite melt in the mold cavity to a predetermined semi-solid state, and applying a second pressure to the semi-solid state metal alloy to form the metal alloy into a near-final/final shape product, and then applying a third pressure to the near final to final shape metal alloy product at a high temperature solid state temperature (e.g.
  • quenching the final shape metal alloy product to reduce its temperature to an ambient temperature.
  • first pressure on the metal alloy is maintained while it is cooling to a semi-solid state.
  • the second pressure is, in some embodiments, greater than the first pressure, and the third pressure is greater than the second pressure.
  • quenching includes subjecting the metal alloy product to cooling from a flowing fluid such as a water spray to reduce temperature of the metal alloy product to ambient temperature within about 45 seconds.
  • An exemplary embodiment in accordance with the present disclosure may alternatively be viewed as a metal alloy or alloy matrix product (e.g. that is completely cast, partially cast/wrought, or completely wrought) formed by a three or four step pressurization temperature quench process.
  • This process includes providing a mold cavity, introducing a molten metal into the mold cavity, closing the mold cavity, applying a first pressure to the molten metal alloy in the mold cavity, and cooling the molten metal alloy in the mold cavity to a predetermined semi-solid state, then applying a second pressure to the semi-solid state metal alloy to form the metal alloy into a final shape product, applying a third pressure to the final shape metal alloy product at a high temperature solid state temperature, and finally quenching the final shape metal alloy product to reduce its temperature to an ambient temperature.
  • the first pressure is maintained on the metal alloy while it is cooling to a semi-solid state
  • the second pressure is greater than the first pressure
  • the third pressure is greater than the second pressure.
  • the process in some embodiments, further includes cooling the semi-solid state alloy to a high temperature solid state while at the second pressure.
  • the quenching operation may include subjecting the metal alloy or alloy matrix composite product to cooling from a flowing fluid such as a pressurized gas, such as air, an air/moisture spray or a water spray.
  • a flowing fluid such as a pressurized gas, such as air, an air/moisture spray or a water spray.
  • the quenching reduces temperature of the metal alloy product to near ambient temperature in some embodiments within 45 seconds. In some embodiments the quenching reduces temperature of the metal alloy product from 600F to 400F within about 5 seconds and the quenching may reduce temperature of the metal alloy product from about 900F to 140F within about 30 seconds.
  • This quench operation may be followed by an artificial aging process to enhance properties and attributes within the final product.
  • An embodiment in accordance with the present disclosure may be viewed as a cast aluminum alloy or metal alloy matrix composite wheel product formed in an apparatus that includes a pressure casting mold configured to receive and compress a metal alloy or metal matrix composite melt, a cooling system operably connected to the mold for controllably reducing temperature of the alloy melt in the mold while the melt is compressed, a pressurizer operably connected to the mold for applying a sequence of predetermined compressive pressures to the metal alloy in the mold, and a quench device operable to rapidly reduce temperature of the product while in the mold or to receive the product from the mold while in a hot solid state and rapidly reduce temperature of the product in order to maintain near final internal product properties or attributes obtained at one of the predetermined pressures.
  • the process may include operations of introducing the molten metal alloy or molten metal alloy matrix composite into the mold cavity, applying a first pressure to the molten metal alloy in the mold cavity, cooling the molten metal alloy or molten metal alloy matrix composite in the mold cavity to a predetermined semi-solid state while at the first pressure, applying a second greater pressure to the semi-solid state metal alloy or metal matrix composite to form the metal alloy or metal matrix composite into a near-final or final shape wheel product, applying a third pressure greater than the second pressure to the near-final or final shape metal alloy or metal matrix composite wheel product at a high temperature solid state temperature, and thereafter quenching the near-final/final shape metal alloy or metal matrix composite wheel product to reduce its temperature to an ambient temperature.
  • This process includes cooling the semi-solid state alloy to a high temperature solid state while at the second pressure and the quenching includes subjecting the metal alloy or metal matrix composite product to cooling from a flowing fluid such as compressed air or a water spray either while in the mold or after removal from the mold.
  • This spray reduces temperature of the metal alloy or metal matrix composite product to ambient temperature within 45 seconds. More preferably the quenching reduces temperature of the metal alloy or metal matrix composite product from 600F to 400F within about 5 seconds and reduces temperature of the metal alloy or metal matrix composite product from about 900F to 140F within about 30 seconds.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional view of an exemplary embodiment of a cast and pressure forming mold apparatus in accordance with the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic side view of a quenching apparatus holding the cast and forming mold shown in FIG. 1 in accordance with the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 3 is a process flow diagram of the method of forming in accordance with the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 4 is an exemplary phase/state diagram for a metal alloy family.
  • FIG. 1 is an exemplary sectional view of an apparatus 100 for molding and pressure forming an alloy or alloy matrix composite product such as a wheel in a mold cavity 102.
  • the mold cavity 102 is defined by a lower mold die 104 and an upper mold die 106 that can be squeezed together via a force piston 108 in order to apply predetermined compressive pressures to the metal alloy or metal alloy based matrix composite melt 1 10 and solidifying alloy product formed in the cavity 102 between mold dies 104 and 106.
  • a metal alloy or metal alloy based matrix composite melt 1 10 is injected into the exemplary mold cavity 102 and then the mold cavity 102 is closed via valves 1 12, 1 14 and 1 16. A first pressure is applied to the melt 1 10 and temperature is then controllably reduced at the first pressure until the metal melt achieves a semi-solid state.
  • piston 108 applies a greater second predetermined pressure greater than the first pressure to compressively form the melt at the semi-solid state into a solid near final product shape in the mold cavity 102 while temperature is further reduced from above liquidus to below liquidus but above the solidus temperature of the alloy.
  • piston 108 applies a still greater third predetermined pressure (when the temperature is below the solidus) to the now solid near final shape product to achieve a final near final shape throughout the final product 200 in the mold 102.
  • the mold dies 104 and 106 are then separated and the final product 200 is removed and transferred to a quenching apparatus 300, while still in a high temperature solid state (temperature above the solvus temperature of the alloy).
  • a controlled fluid wash/spray is then applied to the product 200 in the quenching apparatus 300 to rapidly reduce temperature of the final product 200 to ambient temperature of about 140F thereby maintaining internal product attributes while reducing quench distortion.
  • FIG. 2 An exemplary apparatus 300 for accomplishing this rapid reduction or quenching operation is shown in FIG. 2.
  • a schematic representation of a wheel rim product 200 is shown supported by a frame 120.
  • a movable quenching nozzle ring array 122 is supported below the product 200.
  • This array 122 is operable via piston 124 to rise up around the product 200 in the frame 120.
  • the array 122 includes a plurality of spaced nozzles 126 around the periphery of the product 200 and nozzles 128 positioned to spray jets of flowing fluid around an interior portion of the product when the array 122 is in a raised position.
  • FIG. 3 shows an operational process or method for forming a metal alloy or metal alloy based matrix composite product 200 in accordance with the present disclosure. The process begins in operation 150 where a metal alloy or matrix composite melt is poured into the mold cavity 102 formed between the mold dies 104, 106. The melt is then compressed in operation 152 at a first pressure. Control then transfers to operation 154.
  • the vertical line W L indicates the states of an exemplary alloy composition of elements A and B such as in product 200, as an example. Other alloys would be characterized at different points along the horizontal composition % axis.
  • the vertical axis is temperature T of the alloy.
  • the alloys are fully solid.
  • the alloy is partially solid, i.e. in a semi-solid state.
  • the LL line indicates the liquidus line, above which, region L, the alloy is fully liquid.
  • this liquidus temperature would be on the order of about 1200°F.
  • the molten alloy melt is fully liquid, at a temperature, indicated by dot 170, well above the liquidus line when it is poured into the mold cavity 102 and the first pressure is applied.
  • This first pressure may be atmospheric pressure.
  • the melt cools from temperature 170 at the first pressure to a semi-solid state indicated by dot 180 on the state diagram of FIG. 4.
  • the semi-solid state temperature is somewhere within a range of from about 1 160F to about 1 100F for a typical aluminum wheel alloy.
  • operation 156 compressive pressure applied by the piston 108 is increased to a second predetermined pressure within a force range of about 100 to 300 tons of force.
  • Control then transfers to operation 158.
  • This second predetermined pressure is maintained in operation 158 in order to press form the metal into a near final product shape and maintained for a period of time, approximately 1 to 5 minutes while temperature is reduced until fully solid, for example, to a temperature indicated by dot 182, in the S1 region.
  • pressure is again increased to a third compressive pressure higher than the second pressure, sufficiently high enough to impose plastic deformation and/or reduce, prevent and/or eliminate quench distortion in the solidified metal.
  • This third predetermined pressure is maintained for a relatively short time period of time, on the order of 30-120 seconds to form the product into a final shape product 200. Control then transfers to quench operation 162.
  • the final shaped product 200 is removed from the mold cavity 102, while at a temperature well within the S1 region, a range of about 1 1 OOF to about 750F in the illustration of FIG. 4, and suspended from a support 121 in an exemplary quenching apparatus 120 shown in FIG. 2.
  • the ring array of spray nozzles 122 is raised up around the suspended final product 200 and pressurized flowing fluid, for example, forced air, a water spray, or mist is applied, or drenched, over and around all surfaces of the product 200 held by support 121 in order to rapidly cool the product 200, indicated by dot 182 in the state diagram of FIG. 4, to ambient temperature, thereby substantially ensuring that the fine grain structure formed during the application of the third pressure in operation 160 is maintained in the final product 200.
  • the cooling fluid is drenched over the final product 200 while it is still within the mold to rapidly reduce temperature of the product to substantially ambient temperatures.
  • FIG. 4 shows a state diagram for a two component alloy for manufacturing a component according to the method and with an apparatus according to the present disclosure.
  • WL metal alloy
  • the vertical line WL represents one exemplary alloy composition.
  • T the temperature
  • T The temperature range for the step of first predetermined pressure application, which is, in some embodiments, below the liquidus temperature (TL) and above the solidus temperature TS (TL>T2>TS), is indicated by dot 180.
  • a remaining degree of deformation of less than 15% remains for the following compressing operation (operation 160).
  • the step of compressing (operation 160) the metal alloy within the mold at the third predetermined pressure greater than the second predetermined pressure takes place at a temperature indicated by dot 182 especially in a temperature range between the temperature 180 and half the solidus temperature , or 0.5TS(T2>T3>0.5TS).
  • a partial metal post-compressing operation takes place at stress-exposed component regions, which can be achieved by means of introducing another die from above (not shown). This optional partial post-compressing operation, in some embodiments, takes place at a temperature below the temperature indicated by dot 182.
  • Another optional operation may include post quench artificial aging of the final product.
  • This post quench artificial aging is utilized to improve Tensile Yield Strength (TYS) and Ultimate Tensile Strength (UTS) of the final product such as a wheel.
  • post quenching additional operations can be performed on the final shape metal alloy or metal matrix composite product in order to provide the functional form of the product for its commercial application (e.g. wheel with rim, etc.).
  • the apparatus may be reversed in that the ring of spray nozzles may be stationary and the wheel rim product to be quenched lowered so as to be drenched with the cooling liquid spray.
  • the quenching fluid may be other than a water spray.
  • forced air or another gas, or an organic solvent fluid might be utilized, instead of water or a water spray, that has the appropriate heat quenching properties.
  • the apparatus may alternatively be utilized for a different product than a wheel.
  • the wheel product shown is merely exemplary. It is to be expressly understood that such modifications and adaptations are within the spirit and scope of the presently disclosed technology.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Molds, Cores, And Manufacturing Methods Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé, un appareil et un système pour couler et former un alliage métallique et un produit composite à matrice d'alliage métallique qui comprend les étapes consistant à mettre un alliage ou un composite à matrice d'alliage en fusion dans une empreinte de moule pouvant être mise sous pression, mettre sous pression la matière en fusion à une première pression pendant le refroidissement jusqu'à un produit à l'état semi-solide, augmenter la pression à une deuxième pression lorsqu'il est à l'état semi-solide dans l'empreinte de moule, refroidir le produit semi-solide à une température élevée à l'état solide à la deuxième pression, augmenter la pression à une troisième pression pour former un produit final à haute température ; et tremper le produit final à une température ambiante.
PCT/US2018/026436 2017-04-10 2018-04-06 Appareil et procédé de coulage et de formage par trempe sous pression Ceased WO2018191111A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US201762483851P 2017-04-10 2017-04-10
US62/483,851 2017-04-10

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2018191111A1 true WO2018191111A1 (fr) 2018-10-18

Family

ID=63793503

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US2018/026436 Ceased WO2018191111A1 (fr) 2017-04-10 2018-04-06 Appareil et procédé de coulage et de formage par trempe sous pression

Country Status (1)

Country Link
WO (1) WO2018191111A1 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11608551B2 (en) 2017-10-31 2023-03-21 Howmet Aerospace Inc. Aluminum alloys, and methods for producing the same
US11958105B2 (en) 2022-03-09 2024-04-16 Honda Motor Co., Ltd. Rapid solidification of molded products

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2005074461A (ja) * 2003-08-29 2005-03-24 Nisshin Seisakusho:Kk 成形品の製造方法
KR100757582B1 (ko) * 2006-06-08 2007-09-12 현대자동차주식회사 알루미늄 휠 제조 장치 및 방법
JP2012157886A (ja) * 2011-01-31 2012-08-23 Kurodite Kogyo Kk 球状黒鉛鋳鉄の低温鋳造方法及び低温鋳造装置
US20160083813A1 (en) * 2014-09-18 2016-03-24 Consolidated Engineering Company, Inc. System and method for quenching castings
WO2016192040A1 (fr) * 2015-06-02 2016-12-08 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Alliage d'aluminium servant à former un article axisymétrique

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2005074461A (ja) * 2003-08-29 2005-03-24 Nisshin Seisakusho:Kk 成形品の製造方法
KR100757582B1 (ko) * 2006-06-08 2007-09-12 현대자동차주식회사 알루미늄 휠 제조 장치 및 방법
JP2012157886A (ja) * 2011-01-31 2012-08-23 Kurodite Kogyo Kk 球状黒鉛鋳鉄の低温鋳造方法及び低温鋳造装置
US20160083813A1 (en) * 2014-09-18 2016-03-24 Consolidated Engineering Company, Inc. System and method for quenching castings
WO2016192040A1 (fr) * 2015-06-02 2016-12-08 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Alliage d'aluminium servant à former un article axisymétrique

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11608551B2 (en) 2017-10-31 2023-03-21 Howmet Aerospace Inc. Aluminum alloys, and methods for producing the same
US11958105B2 (en) 2022-03-09 2024-04-16 Honda Motor Co., Ltd. Rapid solidification of molded products

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP3539691B1 (fr) Procédé de formation de moulage et de forgeage continus pour roue en aluminium
US20170314109A1 (en) Additively manufactured high-strength aluminum via powder bed laser processes
KR101827498B1 (ko) 판 재료로부터 복잡한 형상의 부품을 성형하는 방법
JP2010507487A (ja) 鋳造部品の製造のための方法およびユニット
CN103990775A (zh) 金属挤压铸锻成形方法及其制品
WO2018191111A1 (fr) Appareil et procédé de coulage et de formage par trempe sous pression
WO2020018477A1 (fr) Alliages de coulage d'aluminium
US10442241B2 (en) Methods and apparatus to produce high performance axisymmetric components
EP2128276A1 (fr) Connecteur de soupape pour tuyaux médicaux
CN101229581A (zh) 一种汽车空调压缩机斜盘的铸造方法及模具
US20010023722A1 (en) Method of producing light allow castings
JP2008073763A (ja) 車両ホイールの製造方法
JP2008290131A (ja) 高圧鋳鍛造機及び高圧鋳鍛造品の製造方法
JP2018202479A (ja) アルミニウム合金の固液遷移制御複相鋳造鍛造法
AU2012389954B2 (en) Process and plant for producing components made of an aluminium alloy for vehicles and white goods, and components obtained thereby
US7165598B2 (en) Magnesium alloy and methods for making
CN117102464A (zh) 一种制备超细晶合金的流变铸挤一体化模具、系统及方法
JPH0433737A (ja) 短繊維系ｆｒｍの等温鍛造法
CN212792950U (zh) 一种车轮反重力铸造用局部高增压和细化装置
JP2001113351A (ja) 自動車用部材の製造方法
EP3277451A1 (fr) Procede de moulage en carapace sable pour la realisation d'une piece dans le domaine de l'automobile et de l'aeronautique
KR20130098585A (ko) 금속슬러리 성형 금형
CN114101629A (zh) 一种汽车控制臂间接挤压铸造工艺
Tong et al. Squeeze casting of aluminium alloys for higher formability in cold forging
KR20220043267A (ko) 충진성이 향상된 반응고 단조장치

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application

Ref document number: 18784994

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1

NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: DE

122 Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase

Ref document number: 18784994

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1