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WO2018178795A1 - Dispositif d'affichage, module d'affichage, et appareil électronique - Google Patents

Dispositif d'affichage, module d'affichage, et appareil électronique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018178795A1
WO2018178795A1 PCT/IB2018/051757 IB2018051757W WO2018178795A1 WO 2018178795 A1 WO2018178795 A1 WO 2018178795A1 IB 2018051757 W IB2018051757 W IB 2018051757W WO 2018178795 A1 WO2018178795 A1 WO 2018178795A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
liquid crystal
crystal panel
display device
substrate
electrode
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/IB2018/051757
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English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
山崎舜平
石谷哲二
吉富修平
初見亮
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Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co Ltd
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Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co Ltd
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Filing date
Publication date
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Publication of WO2018178795A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018178795A1/fr
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1347—Arrangement of liquid crystal layers or cells in which the final condition of one light beam is achieved by the addition of the effects of two or more layers or cells
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/136—Liquid crystal cells structurally associated with a semi-conducting layer or substrate, e.g. cells forming part of an integrated circuit
    • G02F1/1362—Active matrix addressed cells
    • G02F1/1368—Active matrix addressed cells in which the switching element is a three-electrode device
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09F—DISPLAYING; ADVERTISING; SIGNS; LABELS OR NAME-PLATES; SEALS
    • G09F9/00—Indicating arrangements for variable information in which the information is built-up on a support by selection or combination of individual elements
    • G09F9/30—Indicating arrangements for variable information in which the information is built-up on a support by selection or combination of individual elements in which the desired character or characters are formed by combining individual elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10D—INORGANIC ELECTRIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES
    • H10D30/00—Field-effect transistors [FET]
    • H10D30/60—Insulated-gate field-effect transistors [IGFET]
    • H10D30/67—Thin-film transistors [TFT]

Definitions

  • One embodiment of the present invention relates to a liquid crystal display device, a module, and an electronic device.
  • one embodiment of the present invention is not limited to the above technical field.
  • a semiconductor device, a display device, a light-emitting device, an electronic device, a lighting device, an input / output device (eg, a touch panel), a driving method thereof, or a manufacturing method thereof is given as an example. be able to.
  • a semiconductor device refers to any device that can function by utilizing semiconductor characteristics.
  • a display device (a liquid crystal display device, a light-emitting display device, or the like), a projection device, a lighting device, an electro-optical device, a power storage device, a memory device, a semiconductor circuit, an imaging device, an electronic device, or the like may be referred to as a semiconductor device.
  • a semiconductor device Alternatively, it may be said that these include semiconductor devices.
  • display devices with high resolution have been demanded.
  • display devices with a large number of pixels such as full high-definition (pixel count 1920 ⁇ 1080), 4K (pixel count 3840 ⁇ 2160 or 4096 ⁇ 2160, etc.) and 8K (pixel count 7680 ⁇ 4320 or 8192 ⁇ 4320 etc.) are popular.
  • full high-definition pixel count 1920 ⁇ 1080
  • 4K pixel count 3840 ⁇ 2160 or 4096 ⁇ 2160, etc.
  • 8K pixel count 7680 ⁇ 4320 or 8192 ⁇ 4320 etc.
  • a flat panel display represented by a liquid crystal display device or a light emitting display device is widely used.
  • Silicon is mainly used as a semiconductor material of transistors constituting these display devices, but in recent years, a technique using a transistor using a metal oxide for a pixel of a display device has also been developed.
  • Patent Document 1 discloses a technique using amorphous silicon as a semiconductor material of a transistor.
  • Patent Documents 2 and 3 disclose a technique using a metal oxide as a semiconductor material of a transistor.
  • An object of one embodiment of the present invention is to provide a display device with a high contrast ratio.
  • An object of one embodiment of the present invention is to provide a display device with a wide viewing angle.
  • An object of one embodiment of the present invention is to provide a display device with high resolution.
  • An object of one embodiment of the present invention is to provide a display device that can operate at a high frame frequency.
  • An object of one embodiment of the present invention is to provide a large display device.
  • An object of one embodiment of the present invention is to provide a highly reliable display device.
  • One embodiment of the present invention is a display device including a first liquid crystal panel and a second liquid crystal panel.
  • the light transmitted through the first liquid crystal panel is incident on the second liquid crystal panel.
  • the second liquid crystal panel displays an image by selectively transmitting light.
  • the first liquid crystal panel and the second liquid crystal panel operate in different modes.
  • the first liquid crystal panel preferably operates in a TN (Twisted Nematic) mode.
  • the second liquid crystal panel preferably operates in an IPS (In-Plane-Switching) mode or an FFS (Fringe Field Switching) mode.
  • the display device of one embodiment of the present invention preferably further includes a first polarizing plate, a second polarizing plate, and a third polarizing plate.
  • the first liquid crystal panel is preferably located between the first polarizing plate and the second polarizing plate.
  • the second liquid crystal panel is preferably located between the second polarizing plate and the third polarizing plate. It is preferable that the light transmitted through the first liquid crystal panel is incident on the second liquid crystal panel via the second polarizing plate.
  • the first polarizing plate and the second polarizing plate preferably have a polarization axis in the first direction.
  • the third polarizing plate preferably has a polarization axis in a second direction that intersects the first direction.
  • the second liquid crystal panel preferably has a touch sensor function.
  • the first liquid crystal panel preferably has a first substrate and a second substrate.
  • the second liquid crystal panel preferably has a third substrate and a fourth substrate.
  • the second polarizing plate is preferably located between the second substrate and the third substrate.
  • the second substrate is preferably located closer to the second liquid crystal panel than the first substrate.
  • the third substrate is preferably located closer to the first liquid crystal panel than the fourth substrate.
  • the thickness of the second substrate is preferably thinner than the thickness of the first substrate.
  • the thickness of the third substrate is preferably thinner than the thickness of the fourth substrate.
  • Each of the second substrate and the third substrate preferably includes a resin.
  • the second liquid crystal panel preferably has a liquid crystal layer between a pair of alignment films.
  • the angle formed by at least one rubbing direction of the pair of alignment films and the electric field direction is preferably greater than 50 ° and less than 80 °.
  • an angle formed by at least one rubbing direction of the pair of alignment films and the electric field direction is greater than 10 ° and less than 40 °. Is preferred.
  • the contrast ratio of the display device is preferably 100,000: 1 or more.
  • the second liquid crystal panel preferably has a resolution of 4K or higher.
  • the second liquid crystal panel preferably has a function of displaying a color of 12 bits or more.
  • the frame frequency of the second liquid crystal panel is preferably 120 Hz or more.
  • the second liquid crystal panel is preferably an active matrix type.
  • the second liquid crystal panel includes a liquid crystal element and a transistor, and the transistor is electrically connected to the liquid crystal element.
  • the channel formation region of the transistor preferably includes a metal oxide.
  • the channel formation region of the transistor preferably includes hydrogenated amorphous silicon.
  • One embodiment of the present invention is a display module having any one of the above structures and a circuit board.
  • One embodiment of the present invention includes a display device having any one of the above structures, and a display module to which a connector such as a flexible printed circuit board (hereinafter referred to as FPC) or a TCP (Tape Carrier Package) is attached.
  • a display module such as a display module in which an IC is mounted by a COG (Chip On Glass) method or a COF (Chip On Film) method.
  • One embodiment of the present invention is an electronic device including the above display module and at least one of an antenna, a battery, a housing, a camera, a speaker, a microphone, and an operation button.
  • a display device with a high contrast ratio can be provided.
  • a display device with a wide viewing angle can be provided.
  • a display device with high resolution can be provided.
  • a display device that can operate at a high frame frequency can be provided.
  • a large display device can be provided.
  • a highly reliable display device can be provided.
  • Sectional drawing which shows an example of a display apparatus Sectional drawing which shows an example of a display apparatus. Sectional drawing which shows an example of a display apparatus. Sectional drawing which shows an example of a display apparatus. Sectional drawing which shows an example of a display apparatus. Sectional drawing which shows an example of a display apparatus. Sectional drawing which shows an example of a display apparatus. Sectional drawing which shows an example of a display apparatus. Sectional drawing which shows an example of a display apparatus. Sectional drawing which shows an example of a display apparatus. Sectional drawing which shows an example of a display apparatus. Sectional drawing which shows an example of a display apparatus.
  • FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view illustrating an example of a transistor. Sectional drawing which shows an example of arrangement
  • FIG. 4A is a block diagram illustrating an example of a display module.
  • B A circuit diagram showing a pixel.
  • FIG. 4A is a block diagram illustrating an example of a display module.
  • B A circuit diagram showing a pixel.
  • FIG. 6A is a diagram illustrating an example of voltage-transmittance characteristics of a liquid crystal element.
  • B (C) Top view illustrating a rubbing angle.
  • FIG. 5A illustrates a television device.
  • FIG. 14 illustrates an example of an electronic device. The figure which shows the calculation result of Example 1.
  • FIG. The figure which shows the calculation result of Example 1.
  • FIG. The figure which shows the calculation result of Example 1.
  • FIG. The figure which shows the calculation result of Example 1.
  • FIG. The figure which shows the calculation result of Example 1.
  • FIG. The figure which shows the calculation result of Example 1.
  • FIG. The figure which shows the calculation result of
  • film and “layer” can be interchanged with each other depending on the case or circumstances.
  • conductive layer can be changed to the term “conductive film”.
  • insulating film can be changed to the term “insulating layer”.
  • the display device of this embodiment includes a first liquid crystal panel and a second liquid crystal panel.
  • the light transmitted through the first liquid crystal panel is incident on the second liquid crystal panel.
  • the second liquid crystal panel displays an image by selectively transmitting light.
  • the first liquid crystal panel and the second liquid crystal panel operate in different modes.
  • the contrast ratio of the display device is preferably high.
  • the maximum luminance of the display device can be increased by increasing the light amount of the backlight.
  • black may not be displayed correctly and may be white or gray (also referred to as black float).
  • the image of the backlight is displayed through the two liquid crystal panels. For this reason, even if the amount of light from the backlight is large, black floating is unlikely to occur. Therefore, both a low minimum luminance and a high maximum luminance can be achieved, and the contrast ratio can be increased.
  • the contrast ratio of the display device of this embodiment can be 10,000: 1 or more, 100,000: 1 or more, or 1000000: 1 or more.
  • the two liquid crystal panels operate in different modes. Therefore, a mode suitable for each of the two liquid crystal panels can be selected. Thereby, a high-quality display device can be obtained.
  • the first liquid crystal panel is a panel that mainly performs light control, it is preferable to operate in a mode with high transmittance.
  • the second liquid crystal panel is a panel that mainly displays an image, it is preferable to operate in a mode with high viewing angle characteristics. Thereby, a display device having a high contrast ratio and a wide viewing angle can be realized. In view of viewing angle characteristics, the second liquid crystal panel is preferably positioned closer to the display surface than the first liquid crystal panel.
  • the TN mode has higher transmittance than the transverse electric field mode (IPS mode, FFS mode, etc.) and the birefringence mode (VA mode, etc.), and is suitable for the first liquid crystal panel for light control. Furthermore, the TN mode is preferable in that it has merits such as low driving voltage and low cost.
  • the arrangement of the polarizing plates positioned above and below the first liquid crystal panel is preferably parallel Nicols. That is, the polarization axes (also referred to as transmission axes) of the two polarizing plates are preferably parallel to each other.
  • the first liquid crystal panel is normally black (displays black when the voltage is OFF).
  • normally white white display when the voltage is OFF
  • the display device of this embodiment has a structure in which black floating is unlikely to occur because two liquid crystal panels are stacked. Therefore, even when normally black is adopted, black can be displayed well. Further, normally black in TN mode may be better with normally black than with normally white.
  • the display device of this embodiment includes the first liquid crystal panel that functions as a light control panel, light that enters the display panel (second liquid crystal panel) using not only the backlight but also the light control panel.
  • the brightness can be adjusted. Thereby, the contrast ratio of the display device can be increased.
  • the IPS mode or the FFS mode is preferably used for the second liquid crystal panel.
  • the IPS mode and the FFS mode are suitable for the second liquid crystal panel for display because the luminance change and the color change due to the viewing angle are small.
  • the use of the FFS mode is preferable because a capacitance can be formed between the pixel electrode and the common electrode, so that the aperture ratio can be increased.
  • the liquid crystal panel of one embodiment of the present invention described in Embodiment 2 is preferably used.
  • the liquid crystal panel has a characteristic that gradation shift hardly occurs even when a voltage change occurs. Therefore, even if the color depth of the display device is larger than 8 bits (for example, 12 bits), high display quality can be realized.
  • ⁇ Configuration example 1> A cross-sectional view of the display device 100A is shown in FIG.
  • the display device 100A includes a liquid crystal panel 10A, a liquid crystal panel 20A, a backlight unit 30, a polarizing plate 61, a polarizing plate 62, and a polarizing plate 63.
  • the light 35 emitted from the light source of the backlight unit 30 passes through the polarizing plate 61, the liquid crystal panel 20A, the polarizing plate 62, the liquid crystal panel 10A, and the polarizing plate 63 in this order, and is emitted to the outside of the display device 100A. .
  • a material that transmits visible light is used for the material of these layers through which the light 35 is transmitted.
  • the liquid crystal panel 10A is an active matrix liquid crystal panel to which the FFS mode is applied.
  • the liquid crystal panel 10A is a transmissive liquid crystal panel.
  • the liquid crystal panel 10A functions as a display panel.
  • the liquid crystal panel 10A includes a substrate 11, a substrate 12, a transistor 13, an insulating layer 14, a liquid crystal element 40, and the like.
  • the liquid crystal element 40 includes an electrode 41, a liquid crystal layer 42, and an electrode 43.
  • the electrode 41 functions as a pixel electrode, and the electrode 43 functions as a common electrode.
  • the electrode 41 is provided on the insulating layer 14.
  • the electrode 41 and the transistor 13 are electrically connected through an opening provided in the insulating layer 14.
  • the electrode 41 is covered with an insulating layer 44, and the electrode 43 is provided on the insulating layer 44.
  • the electrode 41 has a region overlapping with the electrode 43 with the insulating layer 44 interposed therebetween.
  • the electrode 41 also has a region that does not overlap with the electrode 43.
  • the liquid crystal layer 42 is sandwiched between the substrate 11 and the substrate 12.
  • the liquid crystal panel 20A is a passive matrix liquid crystal panel to which the TN mode is applied.
  • the liquid crystal panel 20A is a transmissive liquid crystal panel.
  • the liquid crystal panel 20A functions as a light control panel.
  • the light control panel may be a passive matrix type or an active matrix type.
  • the liquid crystal panel 20A includes a substrate 21, a substrate 22, a liquid crystal element 50, and the like.
  • the liquid crystal element 50 includes an electrode 51, a liquid crystal layer 52, and an electrode 53.
  • the electrode 51 functions as a pixel electrode, and the electrode 53 functions as a common electrode.
  • the electrode 51 is provided on the substrate 21 side.
  • the electrode 53 is provided on the substrate 22 side.
  • the liquid crystal layer 52 is sandwiched between the electrode 51 and the electrode 53.
  • a conductive layer 25 formed using the same process and the same material as the electrode 51 is provided on the substrate 21.
  • the conductive layer 25 is electrically connected to the electrode 53 through the connection body 29.
  • the light control panel and the display panel have the same resolution and definition, it is preferable that the light control panel can be used to control the amount of light incident on the display panel in units of sub-pixels of the display panel.
  • the display panel and the light control panel can have different resolution and definition.
  • the resolution of the display panel is extremely high, the cost of the display device may increase if the resolution of the light control panel is made equal to the resolution of the display panel. Therefore, the resolution of the light control panel may be lower than the resolution of the display panel. That is, the resolution of the display panel is preferably equal to or higher than the resolution of the light control panel.
  • the backlight unit 30 may be a direct type backlight, an edge light type backlight, or the like.
  • As the light source an LED (Light Emitting Diode), an organic EL (Electroluminescence) element, or the like can be used.
  • the polarizing plate 61 and the polarizing plate 62 preferably have a polarization axis in the first direction.
  • the polarizing plate 63 preferably has a polarization axis in a second direction that intersects the first direction. That is, the arrangement of the polarizing plate 61 and the polarizing plate 62 is parallel Nicol, and the liquid crystal panel 20A operating in the TN mode is normally black. Further, the arrangement of the polarizing plate 62 and the polarizing plate 63 is crossed Nicol, and the liquid crystal panel 10A operating in the FFS mode is normally black.
  • ⁇ Configuration example 2> A cross-sectional view of the display device 100B is shown in FIG.
  • the display device 100B is different from the display device 100A in that a liquid crystal panel that functions as a display panel operates in the IPS mode.
  • description of the same configuration as the previous configuration example is omitted.
  • the display device 100B includes a liquid crystal panel 10B, a liquid crystal panel 20B, a backlight unit 30, a polarizing plate 61, a polarizing plate 62, and a polarizing plate 63.
  • the light 35 emitted from the light source of the backlight unit 30 passes through the polarizing plate 61, the liquid crystal panel 20B, the polarizing plate 62, the liquid crystal panel 10B, and the polarizing plate 63 in this order, and is emitted to the outside of the display device 100B. .
  • a material that transmits visible light is used for the material of these layers through which the light 35 is transmitted.
  • the liquid crystal panel 10B is an active matrix liquid crystal panel to which the IPS mode is applied.
  • the liquid crystal panel 10B is a transmissive liquid crystal panel.
  • the liquid crystal panel 10B functions as a display panel.
  • the liquid crystal panel 10B includes a substrate 11, a substrate 12, a transistor 13, an insulating layer 14, a liquid crystal element 45, and the like.
  • the liquid crystal element 45 includes an electrode 46, a liquid crystal layer 47, and an electrode 48.
  • the electrode 46 and the electrode 48 are provided on the insulating layer 14.
  • the electrode 46 and the electrode 48 can be formed using the same process and the same material.
  • the electrode 46 and the transistor 13 are electrically connected through an opening provided in the insulating layer 14.
  • the liquid crystal layer 47 is sandwiched between the substrate 11 and the substrate 12.
  • liquid crystal panel 20B has the same configuration as the liquid crystal panel 20A, detailed description thereof is omitted.
  • the polarizing plate 61 and the polarizing plate 62 preferably have a polarization axis in the first direction.
  • the polarizing plate 63 preferably has a polarization axis in a second direction that intersects the first direction. That is, the arrangement of the polarizing plate 61 and the polarizing plate 62 is parallel Nicol, and the liquid crystal panel 20B operating in the TN mode is normally black. The arrangement of the polarizing plate 62 and the polarizing plate 63 is crossed Nicol, and the liquid crystal panel 10B operating in the IPS mode is normally black.
  • FIG. 2A shows a cross-sectional view of the display device 100C
  • FIG. 2B shows a cross-sectional view of the display device 100D
  • the display device 100C is different from the display device 100A in that a liquid crystal panel that functions as a light control panel is an active matrix type.
  • the display device 100D is different from the display device 100B in that the liquid crystal panel that functions as a light control panel is an active matrix type.
  • the display device 100C includes a liquid crystal panel 10C, a liquid crystal panel 20C, a backlight unit 30, a polarizing plate 61, a polarizing plate 62, and a polarizing plate 63.
  • liquid crystal panel 10C has the same configuration as the liquid crystal panel 10A, detailed description thereof is omitted.
  • the liquid crystal panel 20C is an active matrix type liquid crystal panel to which the TN mode is applied.
  • the liquid crystal panel 20C is a transmissive liquid crystal panel.
  • the liquid crystal panel 20C functions as a light control panel.
  • the liquid crystal panel 20C includes a substrate 21, a substrate 22, a transistor 23, an insulating layer 24, a liquid crystal element 50, and the like.
  • the liquid crystal element 50 includes an electrode 51, a liquid crystal layer 52, and an electrode 53.
  • the electrode 51 is provided on the insulating layer 24.
  • the electrode 51 and the transistor 23 are electrically connected through an opening provided in the insulating layer 24.
  • the electrode 53 is provided on the substrate 22 side.
  • the liquid crystal layer 52 is sandwiched between the electrode 51 and the electrode 53.
  • a conductive layer 25 formed using the same process and the same material as the electrode 51 is provided on the substrate 21.
  • the conductive layer 25 is electrically connected to the electrode 53 through the connection body 29.
  • the structure and materials of the transistors may be the same or different.
  • the display device 100D includes a liquid crystal panel 10D, a liquid crystal panel 20D, a backlight unit 30, a polarizing plate 61, a polarizing plate 62, and a polarizing plate 63.
  • liquid crystal panel 10D has the same configuration as the liquid crystal panel 10B, detailed description thereof is omitted.
  • liquid crystal panel 20D has the same configuration as the liquid crystal panel 20C, detailed description thereof is omitted.
  • ⁇ Configuration example 4> Although not shown in Structural Examples 1 to 3, in the display device of this embodiment, one or both of the two liquid crystal panels are provided with a colored layer (such as a color filter). Various colors can be presented by changing the color of the colored layer depending on the sub-pixel. Therefore, the display device of this embodiment can display a color image.
  • the light 35 emitted from the light source included in the backlight unit 30 is absorbed by the colored layer in light other than the specific wavelength region.
  • light emitted from the red sub-pixel to the outside of the display device exhibits red
  • light emitted from the green sub-pixel to the outside of the display device exhibits green
  • the light is emitted from the blue sub-pixel to the display device.
  • the light emitted to the outside exhibits blue.
  • an arrangement example of the colored layer will be described.
  • FIG. 3A is a cross-sectional view of the display device 100E.
  • the display device 100E includes a liquid crystal panel 10E, a liquid crystal panel 20E, a backlight unit 30, a polarizing plate 61, a polarizing plate 62, and a polarizing plate 63.
  • the liquid crystal panel 10E includes a light shielding layer 38 and a colored layer 39 in addition to the configuration of the liquid crystal panel 10C. Specifically, a light shielding layer 38 and a colored layer 39 are provided on the substrate 12 side. Of the light incident on the liquid crystal panel 10E, only light in a specific wavelength region passes through the colored layer 39 and is emitted to the outside of the display device 100E. By providing the colored layer 39 at a position close to the display surface, color mixing can be suppressed and display quality of the display device can be improved.
  • liquid crystal panel 20E has the same configuration as the liquid crystal panel 20C, detailed description thereof is omitted.
  • FIG. 3B is a cross-sectional view of the display device 100F.
  • the display device 100F includes a liquid crystal panel 10F, a liquid crystal panel 20F, a backlight unit 30, a polarizing plate 61, a polarizing plate 62, and a polarizing plate 63.
  • the liquid crystal panel 10F includes a light shielding layer 38 in addition to the configuration of the liquid crystal panel 10D. Specifically, a light shielding layer 38 is provided on the substrate 12 side.
  • the liquid crystal panel 20F has a configuration in which the liquid crystal panel 20D is turned upside down.
  • the substrate 21 is positioned on the liquid crystal panel 10F side, and the substrate 22 is positioned on the backlight unit 30 side.
  • the liquid crystal panel 20 ⁇ / b> F includes an insulating layer 27 and a colored layer 39.
  • a colored layer 39 is provided on the substrate 22, an insulating layer 27 is provided on the colored layer 39, and an electrode 53 is provided on the insulating layer 27.
  • the light 35 emitted from the light source of the backlight unit 30 is incident on the liquid crystal panel 20F via the polarizing plate 61.
  • the light 35 passes through the liquid crystal panel 20F in the order of the substrate 22, the colored layer 39, the insulating layer 27, the liquid crystal element 50, the insulating layer 24, and the substrate 21.
  • light other than a specific wavelength region is absorbed by the colored layer 39.
  • only light in a specific wavelength region is incident on the liquid crystal element 50, the insulating layer 24, the substrate 21, the polarizing plate 62, the liquid crystal panel 10F, and the polarizing plate 63, and is emitted outside the display device 100F.
  • the amount of light incident on the liquid crystal layers of the two liquid crystal panels can be reduced as compared with the display device 100E.
  • FIG. 4A is a cross-sectional view of the display device 100G
  • FIG. 4B is a cross-sectional view of the display device 100H.
  • the display device 100G includes a liquid crystal panel 10G, a liquid crystal panel 20G, a backlight unit 30, a polarizing plate 61, a polarizing plate 62, and a polarizing plate 63.
  • the liquid crystal panel 10G is different from the liquid crystal panel 10E in that it does not have the substrate 11 but has the flexible substrate 16.
  • the liquid crystal panel 20G is different from the liquid crystal panel 20E in that it does not have the substrate 22 but has a flexible substrate 26.
  • the display device 100H includes a liquid crystal panel 10H, a liquid crystal panel 20H, a backlight unit 30, a polarizing plate 61, a polarizing plate 62, and a polarizing plate 63.
  • the liquid crystal panel 10 ⁇ / b> H has a configuration in which the liquid crystal panel 10 ⁇ / b> F is turned upside down, and does not have the substrate 12 but has the flexible substrate 16. On the flexible substrate 16, a light shielding layer 38 and a colored layer 39 are provided.
  • the liquid crystal panel 20H has the same configuration as the liquid crystal panel 20G.
  • a flexible material can be used for each of the flexible substrate 16 and the flexible substrate 26, and a resin film is preferably used.
  • the display device can be made thinner and lighter than when a hard substrate such as a glass substrate is used.
  • the distance between the liquid crystal elements included in the two liquid crystal panels can be shortened, the occurrence of parallax can be suppressed and the viewing angle of the display device can be widened. This is particularly effective when the number of pixels of the liquid crystal panel 10H and the liquid crystal panel 20H is close or the same.
  • the light 35 emitted from the light source of the backlight unit 30 is incident on the liquid crystal panel 10H via the polarizing plate 61, the liquid crystal panel 20H, and the polarizing plate 62.
  • the light 35 passes through the liquid crystal panel 10H in the order of the flexible substrate 16, the colored layer 39, the liquid crystal element 45, the insulating layer 14, and the substrate 11.
  • light other than a specific wavelength region is absorbed by the colored layer 39.
  • only light in a specific wavelength region enters the liquid crystal element 45, the insulating layer 14, the substrate 11, and further the polarizing plate 63, and is emitted outside the display device 100H.
  • an electrode or a transistor of a liquid crystal element is formed over a hard substrate and bonded to the substrate 12 or the substrate 21, and then the hard substrate is peeled off and transferred to a flexible substrate can be used.
  • the flexible substrate 16 and the flexible substrate 26 may be bonded to the substrate 12 or the substrate 21 with an adhesive or the like, respectively.
  • a hard substrate over which a transistor is formed may have lower peelability than a hard substrate over which only an electrode of a liquid crystal element is formed. Therefore, it is preferable to form one or a plurality of electrodes, colored layers, and light-shielding layers of a liquid crystal element over a hard substrate that is peeled later, and a transistor is formed on a substrate (the substrate 12 or the substrate 21) that is not peeled off. .
  • the transistor 13 is formed on the substrate 11
  • the transistor 23 is formed on the substrate 21
  • the electrode 53, the coloring layer 39, the light shielding layer 38, and the like are located on the flexible substrate side. .
  • the hard substrate can be peeled off with a high yield and transferred to the flexible substrate 26. Further, after the colored layer 39 and the light shielding layer 38 are formed on the hard substrate and bonded to the substrate 11, the hard substrate can be peeled off with a high yield and transferred to the flexible substrate 16.
  • One embodiment of the present invention can be applied to a display device (also referred to as an input / output device or a touch panel) on which a touch sensor is mounted.
  • a display device also referred to as an input / output device or a touch panel
  • the configuration of each display device described above can be applied to a touch panel.
  • a detection element also referred to as a sensor element
  • Various sensors that can detect the proximity or contact of an object to be detected, such as a finger or a stylus, can be applied as the detection element.
  • a sensor method for example, various methods such as a capacitance method, a resistance film method, a surface acoustic wave method, an infrared method, an optical method, and a pressure-sensitive method can be used.
  • a touch panel having a capacitive detection element will be described as an example.
  • Examples of the electrostatic capacity method include a surface electrostatic capacity method and a projection electrostatic capacity method.
  • examples of the projected capacitance method include a self-capacitance method and a mutual capacitance method. The mutual capacitance method is preferable because simultaneous multipoint detection is possible.
  • the touch panel of one embodiment of the present invention includes a structure in which a separately manufactured display panel and a detection element are bonded together, a structure in which an electrode that forms the detection element is provided on one or both of a substrate that supports the display element and a counter substrate, and the like Various configurations can be applied.
  • the touch sensor is preferably mounted on a liquid crystal panel located on the display surface side. Thereby, the sensitivity of a touch sensor can be raised.
  • a display liquid crystal panel is located on the display surface side and has a touch sensor.
  • FIG. 5A shows a cross-sectional view of the touch panel 110A.
  • FIG. 5B is a cross-sectional view of the touch panel 110B.
  • a touch panel 110A illustrated in FIG. 5A includes a liquid crystal panel 111A, a liquid crystal panel 112A, a backlight unit 30, a polarizing plate 61, a polarizing plate 62, and a polarizing plate 63.
  • the light 35 emitted from the light source of the backlight unit 30 passes through the polarizing plate 61, the liquid crystal panel 112A, the polarizing plate 62, the liquid crystal panel 111A, and the polarizing plate 63 in this order, and is emitted to the outside of the touch panel 110A.
  • a material that transmits visible light is used for the material of these layers through which the light 35 is transmitted.
  • the liquid crystal panel 111A has a function of displaying an image and a function as a touch sensor.
  • the touch panel 110A has a configuration in which an electrode or the like constituting a detection element is provided only on the substrate 11 on which the transistor 13 or the like of the liquid crystal panel 111A is formed.
  • Such a configuration can reduce the thickness or weight of the touch panel or reduce the number of components of the touch panel, compared to a configuration in which the separately manufactured liquid crystal panel and the detection element are bonded.
  • substrate 12 side can be simplified.
  • one or a plurality of FPCs connected to the substrate 11 side can supply both a signal for driving the liquid crystal element and a signal for driving the detection element. Therefore, it is easy to incorporate in an electronic device, and the number of parts can be reduced.
  • the liquid crystal panel 111A is an active matrix liquid crystal panel to which the FFS mode is applied.
  • the liquid crystal panel 111A is a transmissive liquid crystal panel.
  • the liquid crystal panel 111A functions as a display panel.
  • the liquid crystal panel 111A includes a substrate 11, a substrate 12, a transistor 13, an insulating layer 14, a liquid crystal element 40a, a liquid crystal element 40b, and the like.
  • the liquid crystal element 40a includes an electrode 41a, a liquid crystal layer 42, and an electrode 43a.
  • the liquid crystal element 40b includes an electrode 41b, a liquid crystal layer 42, and an electrode 43b.
  • FIG. 5A two transistors 13 are shown.
  • An insulating layer 14 is provided on the two transistors 13, and an electrode 41 a and an electrode 41 b are provided on the insulating layer 14.
  • the electrode 41 a and one of the two transistors 13 are electrically connected through an opening provided in the insulating layer 14.
  • the electrode 41 b and the other of the two transistors 13 are electrically connected through an opening provided in the insulating layer 14.
  • the electrode 41 a and the electrode 41 b are covered with an insulating layer 44, and the electrode 43 a and the electrode 43 b are provided on the insulating layer 44.
  • the electrode 41a has a region overlapping with the electrode 43a with the insulating layer 44 interposed therebetween.
  • the electrode 41a also has a region that does not overlap with the electrode 43a.
  • the electrode 41b has a region overlapping with the electrode 43b with the insulating layer 44 interposed therebetween.
  • the electrode 41b also has a region that does not overlap with the electrode 43b.
  • the liquid crystal layer 42 is sandwiched between the substrate 11 and the substrate 12.
  • the electrode 43a and the electrode 43b are electrically insulated.
  • proximity or contact of the detection target can be detected using a capacitance formed between the electrode 43a and the electrode 43b. That is, in the touch panel 110A, the electrodes 43a and 43b serve as both the common electrode of the liquid crystal element and the electrode of the detection element.
  • the electrode included in the liquid crystal element also serves as the electrode included in the detection element. Therefore, the manufacturing process can be simplified and the manufacturing cost can be reduced. In addition, the touch panel can be reduced in thickness and weight.
  • the liquid crystal panel 112A has the same configuration as the liquid crystal panel 20C (FIG. 2A).
  • the liquid crystal element 50 included in the liquid crystal panel 112A is disposed so as to overlap with two or more liquid crystal elements included in the liquid crystal panel 111A (two liquid crystal elements 40a and 40b in FIG. 5A). That is, it is a configuration that performs dimming of two or more subpixels of the touch panel 110 ⁇ / b> A using one liquid crystal element 50. In other words, dimming of two or more subpixels of the liquid crystal panel 111A is performed using one subpixel of the liquid crystal panel 112A.
  • the display panel and the light control panel can have different resolution and definition.
  • the resolution of the display panel is preferably equal to or higher than the resolution of the light control panel.
  • a touch panel 110B illustrated in FIG. 5B includes a liquid crystal panel 111B, a liquid crystal panel 112B, a backlight unit 30, a polarizing plate 61, a polarizing plate 62, and a polarizing plate 63.
  • the light 35 emitted from the light source of the backlight unit 30 passes through the polarizing plate 61, the liquid crystal panel 112B, the polarizing plate 62, the liquid crystal panel 111B, and the polarizing plate 63 in this order, and is emitted to the outside of the touch panel 110B.
  • a material that transmits visible light is used for the material of these layers through which the light 35 is transmitted.
  • the liquid crystal panel 111B has a function of displaying an image and a function as a touch sensor.
  • the liquid crystal panel 111B has a configuration in which an electrode or the like constituting a detection element is provided only on the counter substrate (substrate 12). Such a configuration can reduce the thickness or weight of the touch panel or reduce the number of components of the touch panel, compared to a configuration in which a separately manufactured display device and a detection element are bonded.
  • a plurality of electrodes 71 and electrodes 72 are provided on the substrate 12.
  • the electrode 71 and the electrode 72 overlap with the electrode 73 with the insulating layer 74 interposed therebetween.
  • the electrode 71 and the electrode 73 are electrically connected through an opening provided in the insulating layer 74.
  • the two electrodes 71 provided so as to sandwich the electrode 72 are electrically connected by an electrode 73.
  • the electrode 73 overlaps the light shielding layer 38 with the insulating layer 75 interposed therebetween.
  • the visible light transmittance of the electrode 73 does not matter. Since the electrode 71 and the electrode 72 have a portion overlapping the colored layer 39, it is preferable that the visible light transmittance is high.
  • the electrodes constituting the detection element may be arranged only in the non-display area.
  • the visible light transmittance of the material of the electrode is not limited. Therefore, a low resistivity material such as metal can be used.
  • a metal mesh as the wiring and electrodes of the touch sensor. Thereby, the resistance of the wiring and electrodes of the touch sensor can be lowered.
  • metal is a material having a high reflectance, but it can be darkened by performing an oxidation treatment or the like. Therefore, even when viewed from the display surface side, it is possible to suppress a decrease in visibility due to reflection of external light.
  • the wiring and the electrode may be formed using a stack of a metal layer and a layer with low reflectance (also referred to as a “dark color layer”).
  • the dark color layer include a layer containing copper oxide and a layer containing copper chloride or tellurium chloride.
  • the dark color layer is formed using fine metal particles such as Ag particles, Ag fibers, and Cu particles, nanocarbon particles such as carbon nanotubes (CNT) and graphene, and conductive polymers such as PEDOT, polyaniline, and polypyrrole. May be.
  • the components provided on the substrate 11 are the same as those of the liquid crystal panel 10D illustrated in FIG.
  • the liquid crystal panel 112B has a configuration similar to that of the liquid crystal panel 20D illustrated in FIG.
  • an active matrix liquid crystal panel to which the FFS mode is applied is used as the liquid crystal panel for display, and an active matrix liquid crystal panel to which the TN mode is applied is used as the liquid crystal panel for light control.
  • the display device will be described.
  • FIG. 6 shows a cross-sectional view of the display device 200A.
  • the display device 200A includes a liquid crystal panel 80A that is a liquid crystal panel for display and a liquid crystal panel 90A that is a liquid crystal panel for dimming.
  • the display device 200 ⁇ / b> A further includes a backlight unit 30, a polarizing plate 61, a polarizing plate 62, and a polarizing plate 63.
  • FIG. 6 can be a specific example of a display device corresponding to the configuration example 3 (the display device 100C illustrated in FIG. 2A) and the configuration example 4 (the display device 100E illustrated in FIG. 3A).
  • the display device 200A includes a display unit 162 and a drive circuit unit 164.
  • the display portion 162 includes a plurality of pixels and has a function of displaying an image.
  • the pixel has a plurality of subpixels.
  • the display unit 162 can perform full-color display by including one pixel including a red sub-pixel, a green sub-pixel, and a blue sub-pixel.
  • the color which a subpixel exhibits is not restricted to red, green, and blue.
  • a sub-pixel exhibiting a color such as white, yellow, magenta, or cyan may be used.
  • the transmission region of the liquid crystal panel 90A and the display region of the liquid crystal panel 80A are stacked.
  • the light emitted from the light source included in the backlight unit 30 is transmitted through the polarizing plate 61, the transmission region of the liquid crystal panel 90A, the polarizing plate 62, the display region of the liquid crystal panel 80A, and the polarizing plate 63 in this order. It is injected outside.
  • a material that transmits visible light is used as a material for these layers through which light is transmitted.
  • the liquid crystal panel 80A and the liquid crystal panel 90A can independently have one or both of a scanning line driving circuit and a signal line driving circuit. Alternatively, the liquid crystal panel 80A and the liquid crystal panel 90A may not include both the scanning line driving circuit and the signal line driving circuit.
  • the liquid crystal panel may include a sensor such as a touch sensor
  • the liquid crystal panel may include a sensor driving circuit.
  • an IC integrated circuit having one or more of a signal line driver circuit, a scan line driver circuit, and a sensor driver circuit may be connected to the liquid crystal panel.
  • the FPC 172b is electrically connected to the liquid crystal panel 80A through the connection body 242b.
  • An FPC 172a is electrically connected to the liquid crystal panel 90A via a connection body 242a.
  • a signal and power are supplied from the outside to the drive circuit unit 164 via each FPC. Signals and power are supplied to the display portion 162 and the driver circuit portion 164 through the conductive layer 251 and the wiring 222c.
  • FIG. 6 illustrates an example in which a portion to which the FPC 172b of the liquid crystal panel 80A is connected and a portion to which the FPC 172a of the liquid crystal panel 90A are connected overlap, but one embodiment of the present invention is not limited thereto, and these portions are It does not have to overlap each other.
  • the liquid crystal panel 90A includes a substrate 21, a transistor 201a, a transistor 23a, a liquid crystal element 50, an alignment film 133a, an alignment film 133b, an adhesive layer 141a, a substrate 22, and the like.
  • the display portion 162 is provided with a transistor 23a.
  • the transistor 23a includes a conductive layer 221 functioning as a gate electrode, an insulating layer 211 functioning as a gate insulating layer, a semiconductor layer 231, and a conductive layer 222a and a conductive layer 222b functioning as a source electrode and a drain electrode.
  • the transistor 23 a is covered with an insulating layer 217 and an insulating layer 218.
  • the insulating layer 215 functions as a planarization film.
  • the transistor 23a includes a metal oxide in the semiconductor layer 231.
  • the conductive layer 222b is electrically connected to the electrode 51 through an opening provided in the insulating layer 217, the insulating layer 218, and the insulating layer 215.
  • the driver circuit portion 164 is provided with a transistor 201a.
  • the transistor 201a has a structure similar to that of the transistor 23a.
  • the display unit 162 is provided with a liquid crystal element 50.
  • the liquid crystal element 50 is a liquid crystal element to which the TN mode is applied.
  • the liquid crystal element 50 includes an electrode 51, an electrode 53, and a liquid crystal layer 52.
  • the alignment of the liquid crystal layer 52 can be controlled by an electric field generated between the electrode 51 and the electrode 53.
  • the liquid crystal layer 52 is located between the alignment film 133a and the alignment film 133b.
  • the alignment film can control the alignment of the liquid crystal layer 52.
  • the alignment film 133 a is positioned between the electrode 51 and the liquid crystal layer 52
  • the alignment film 133 b is positioned between the electrode 53 and the liquid crystal layer 52.
  • substrate 22 are bonded together by the contact bonding layer 141a.
  • a liquid crystal layer 52 is sealed in a region surrounded by the substrate 21, the substrate 22, and the adhesive layer 141a.
  • the liquid crystal panel 80A includes a substrate 11, a transistor 201b, a transistor 13a, a liquid crystal element 40, an alignment film 133c, an alignment film 133d, a colored layer 39, a light shielding layer 38, an overcoat 121, an adhesive layer 141b, and a substrate. 12 etc.
  • the laminated structure from the substrate 11 to the electrode 41 is the same as the laminated structure from the substrate 21 to the electrode 51 of the liquid crystal panel 90A, detailed description thereof is omitted.
  • a liquid crystal element 40 is provided in the display unit 162.
  • the liquid crystal element 40 is a liquid crystal element to which the FFS mode is applied.
  • the liquid crystal element 40 includes an electrode 41, an electrode 43, and a liquid crystal layer 42.
  • the alignment of the liquid crystal layer 42 can be controlled by an electric field generated between the electrode 41 and the electrode 43.
  • the liquid crystal layer 42 is located between the alignment film 133c and the alignment film 133d.
  • the alignment film can control the alignment of the liquid crystal layer 42.
  • the alignment film 133 c is positioned between the electrode 43 and the insulating layer 44 and the liquid crystal layer 42
  • the alignment film 133 d is positioned between the overcoat 121 and the liquid crystal layer 42.
  • the electrode 43 has, for example, a comb-like top surface shape (also referred to as a planar shape) or a top surface shape provided with a slit.
  • An insulating layer 44 is provided between the electrode 41 and the electrode 43.
  • the electrode 41 has a portion that overlaps the electrode 43 with the insulating layer 44 interposed therebetween. Further, in a region where the electrode 41 and the colored layer 39 overlap, there is a portion where the electrode 43 is not disposed on the electrode 41.
  • An overcoat 121 is preferably provided between the colored layer 39 and the light shielding layer 38 and the liquid crystal layer 42.
  • the overcoat 121 can suppress the diffusion of impurities contained in the colored layer 39 and the light shielding layer 38 into the liquid crystal layer 42.
  • the material of the substrate included in the display device there is no particular limitation on the material of the substrate included in the display device, and various substrates can be used.
  • a glass substrate, a quartz substrate, a sapphire substrate, a semiconductor substrate, a ceramic substrate, a metal substrate, a plastic substrate, or the like can be used.
  • the display device can be reduced in weight and thickness. Furthermore, a flexible display device can be realized by using a flexible substrate.
  • liquid crystal material there are a positive liquid crystal material having a positive dielectric anisotropy ( ⁇ ) and a negative liquid crystal material having a negative dielectric constant.
  • ⁇ positive dielectric anisotropy
  • negative liquid crystal material having a negative dielectric constant.
  • either material can be used, and an optimum liquid crystal material can be used depending on a mode to be applied and a design.
  • liquid crystal elements to which various modes are applied can be used.
  • VA Vertical Alignment
  • ASM Axial Symmetrical Aligned Micro-cell
  • OCB Optically Compensated Birefringence LC
  • a liquid crystal element to which an AFLC (Antiferroelectric Liquid Crystal) mode, an ECB (Electrically Controlled Birefringence) mode, a VA-IPS mode, a guest-host mode, a vertical alignment (VA) mode, or the like can be used.
  • MVA Multi-Domain Vertical Alignment
  • PVA Powerned Vertical Alignment
  • ASV Advanced Super View
  • the liquid crystal element is an element that controls transmission or non-transmission of light by an optical modulation action of liquid crystal.
  • the optical modulation action of the liquid crystal is controlled by an electric field applied to the liquid crystal (including a horizontal electric field, a vertical electric field, or an oblique electric field).
  • a thermotropic liquid crystal a low molecular liquid crystal
  • a polymer liquid crystal a polymer dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC)
  • PDLC polymer dispersed liquid crystal
  • ferroelectric liquid crystal an antiferroelectric liquid crystal, or the like
  • These liquid crystal materials exhibit a cholesteric phase, a smectic phase, a cubic phase, a chiral nematic phase, an isotropic phase, and the like depending on conditions.
  • a liquid crystal exhibiting a blue phase for which an alignment film is unnecessary may be used.
  • the blue phase is one of the liquid crystal phases.
  • a liquid crystal composition mixed with 5% by weight or more of a chiral agent is used for the liquid crystal layer in order to improve the temperature range.
  • a liquid crystal composition containing a liquid crystal exhibiting a blue phase and a chiral agent has a short response speed and exhibits optical isotropy.
  • a liquid crystal composition including a liquid crystal exhibiting a blue phase and a chiral agent does not require alignment treatment and has a small viewing angle dependency. Further, since an alignment film is not necessarily provided, a rubbing process is not necessary, so that electrostatic breakdown caused by the rubbing process can be prevented, and defects or breakage of the display panel during the manufacturing process can be reduced.
  • liquid crystal panel included in the display device of this embodiment is a transmissive liquid crystal panel
  • a conductive material that transmits visible light is used for both of the pair of electrodes.
  • a material containing one or more selected from indium (In), zinc (Zn), and tin (Sn) may be used.
  • indium oxide, indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zinc oxide, indium oxide including tungsten oxide, indium zinc oxide including tungsten oxide, indium oxide including titanium oxide, and titanium oxide are included. Examples thereof include indium tin oxide, indium tin oxide containing silicon oxide (ITSO), zinc oxide, and zinc oxide containing gallium.
  • a film containing graphene can also be used. The film containing graphene can be formed by, for example, reducing a film containing graphene oxide.
  • the conductive film that transmits visible light can be formed using an oxide semiconductor (hereinafter also referred to as an oxide conductive layer).
  • the oxide conductive layer preferably includes, for example, indium, and further includes an In-M-Zn oxide (M is Al, Ti, Ga, Y, Zr, La, Ce, Nd, Sn, or Hf). preferable.
  • An oxide semiconductor is a semiconductor material whose resistance can be controlled by at least one of oxygen vacancies in the film and impurity concentrations of hydrogen, water, and the like in the film. Therefore, the resistivity of the oxide conductive layer is controlled by selecting a treatment in which at least one of oxygen vacancies and impurity concentrations is increased or a treatment in which at least one of oxygen vacancies and impurity concentrations is reduced in the oxide semiconductor layer. be able to.
  • an oxide conductive layer formed using an oxide semiconductor in this manner is an oxide semiconductor layer with high carrier density and low resistance, an oxide semiconductor layer with conductivity, or an oxide semiconductor with high conductivity. It can also be called a layer.
  • the transistor included in the display device of this embodiment may have a top-gate structure or a bottom-gate structure.
  • gate electrodes may be provided above and below the channel.
  • a semiconductor material used for the transistor is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include an oxide semiconductor, silicon, and germanium.
  • crystallinity of the semiconductor material used for the transistor there is no particular limitation on the crystallinity of the semiconductor material used for the transistor, and either an amorphous semiconductor or a semiconductor having crystallinity (a microcrystalline semiconductor, a polycrystalline semiconductor, a single crystal semiconductor, or a semiconductor partially including a crystal region) is used. May be used. It is preferable to use a crystalline semiconductor because deterioration of transistor characteristics can be suppressed.
  • a Group 14 element, a compound semiconductor, or an oxide semiconductor can be used for the semiconductor layer.
  • a semiconductor containing silicon, a semiconductor containing gallium arsenide, an oxide semiconductor containing indium, or the like can be used for the semiconductor layer.
  • An oxide semiconductor is preferably used as a semiconductor in which a channel of the transistor is formed.
  • an oxide semiconductor having a larger band gap than silicon is preferably used. It is preferable to use a semiconductor material with a wider band gap and lower carrier density than silicon because current in an off state of the transistor can be reduced.
  • the oxide semiconductor will be described in detail in Embodiment 3.
  • the charge accumulated in the capacitor through the transistor can be held for a long time.
  • the driving circuit can be stopped while maintaining the gradation of the displayed image. As a result, a display device with extremely reduced power consumption can be realized.
  • the transistor preferably includes an oxide semiconductor layer that is highly purified and suppresses formation of oxygen vacancies.
  • the current value (off-current value) in the off state of the transistor can be reduced. Therefore, the holding time of an electric signal such as an image signal can be increased, and the writing interval can be set longer in the power-on state. Therefore, since the frequency of the refresh operation can be reduced, there is an effect of suppressing power consumption.
  • a transistor including an oxide semiconductor can be driven at high speed because a relatively high field-effect mobility can be obtained.
  • the transistor in the display portion and the transistor in the driver circuit portion can be formed over the same substrate. That is, it is not necessary to separately use a semiconductor device formed of a silicon wafer or the like as the drive circuit, so that the number of parts of the display device can be reduced.
  • a high-quality image can be provided by using a transistor that can be driven at high speed.
  • the transistor included in the driver circuit portion 164 and the transistor included in the display portion 162 may have the same structure or different structures.
  • the transistors included in the driver circuit portion 164 may have the same structure, or two or more structures may be used in combination.
  • the transistors included in the display portion 162 may have the same structure, or two or more structures may be used in combination.
  • an organic insulating material or an inorganic insulating material can be used as an insulating material that can be used for each insulating layer, overcoat, or the like included in the display device.
  • the organic insulating material include acrylic resin, epoxy resin, polyimide resin, polyamide resin, polyimide amide resin, siloxane resin, benzocyclobutene resin, and phenol resin.
  • examples thereof include a film, a lanthanum oxide film, a cerium oxide film, and a neodymium oxide film.
  • conductive layers such as various wirings and electrodes of the display device include metals such as aluminum, titanium, chromium, nickel, copper, yttrium, zirconium, molybdenum, silver, tantalum, and tungsten.
  • metals such as aluminum, titanium, chromium, nickel, copper, yttrium, zirconium, molybdenum, silver, tantalum, and tungsten.
  • an alloy containing this as a main component can be used as a single layer structure or a stacked structure.
  • a two-layer structure in which a titanium film is laminated on an aluminum film a two-layer structure in which a titanium film is laminated on a tungsten film, a two-layer structure in which a copper film is laminated on a molybdenum film, or an alloy film containing molybdenum and tungsten
  • Two-layer structure in which a copper film is laminated two-layer structure in which a copper film is laminated on a copper-magnesium-aluminum alloy film, a titanium film or a titanium nitride film, and an aluminum film or copper layered on the titanium film or titanium nitride film
  • the first and third layers include titanium, titanium nitride, molybdenum, tungsten, an alloy containing molybdenum and tungsten, an alloy containing molybdenum and zirconium, or a film made of molybdenum nitride.
  • a film made of a low resistance material such as copper, aluminum, gold or silver, or an alloy of copper and manganese is preferably formed.
  • ITO indium oxide containing tungsten oxide, indium zinc oxide containing tungsten oxide, indium oxide containing titanium oxide, indium tin oxide containing titanium oxide, indium zinc oxide, ITSO, etc. You may use the electroconductive material which has.
  • the oxide conductive layer may be formed by controlling the resistivity of the oxide semiconductor.
  • a curable resin such as a thermosetting resin, a photocurable resin, or a two-component mixed curable resin
  • a curable resin such as a thermosetting resin, a photocurable resin, or a two-component mixed curable resin
  • an acrylic resin, a urethane resin, an epoxy resin, a siloxane resin, or the like can be used.
  • an anisotropic conductive film (ACF: Anisotropic Conductive Film), an anisotropic conductive paste (ACP: Anisotropic Conductive Paste), or the like can be used.
  • ACF Anisotropic Conductive Film
  • ACP Anisotropic Conductive Paste
  • the colored layer 39 is a colored layer that transmits light in a specific wavelength range.
  • materials that can be used for the colored layer 39 include metal materials, resin materials, and resin materials containing pigments or dyes.
  • the light shielding layer 38 is provided, for example, between the adjacent colored layers 39 of different colors.
  • a black matrix formed using a metal material or a resin material containing a pigment or dye can be used as the light shielding layer 38.
  • the light shielding layer 38 is preferably provided in a region other than the display portion 162 such as the drive circuit portion 164 because light leakage due to guided light or the like can be suppressed.
  • Thin films (insulating film, semiconductor film, conductive film, etc.) constituting the display device are respectively formed by sputtering, chemical vapor deposition (CVD), vacuum evaporation, and pulsed laser deposition (PLD: Pulsed Laser Deposition).
  • CVD chemical vapor deposition
  • PLD Pulsed Laser Deposition
  • Method atomic layer deposition
  • ALD Atomic Layer Deposition
  • the CVD method include a plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) method, a thermal chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) method, a thermal CVD method, and the like.
  • An example of the thermal CVD method is a metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) method.
  • Thin films (insulating films, semiconductor films, conductive films, etc.) that constitute display devices are spin coat, dip, spray coating, ink jet printing, dispensing, screen printing, offset printing, doctor knife, slit coat, roll coat, curtain, respectively. It can be formed by a method such as coating or knife coating.
  • a thin film included in the display device can be processed using a photolithography method or the like.
  • an island-shaped thin film may be formed by a film formation method using a shielding mask.
  • the thin film may be processed by a nanoimprint method, a sand blast method, a lift-off method, or the like.
  • a photolithography method a resist mask is formed on a thin film to be processed, the thin film is processed by etching or the like, and the resist mask is removed. After forming a photosensitive thin film, exposure and development are performed. And a method for processing the thin film into a desired shape.
  • Examples of the light used for exposure in the photolithography method include i-line (wavelength 365 nm), g-line (wavelength 436 nm), h-line (wavelength 405 nm), and light obtained by mixing these.
  • ultraviolet light, KrF laser light, ArF laser light, or the like can be used.
  • exposure may be performed by an immersion exposure technique.
  • Examples of light used for exposure include extreme ultraviolet light (EUV: Extreme-violet) and X-rays.
  • EUV Extreme-violet
  • an electron beam can be used instead of the light used for exposure. It is preferable to use extreme ultraviolet light, X-rays, or an electron beam because extremely fine processing is possible. Note that a photomask is not necessary when exposure is performed by scanning a beam such as an electron beam.
  • etching the thin film For etching the thin film, a dry etching method, a wet etching method, a sand blasting method, or the like can be used.
  • FIG. 7 shows a cross-sectional view of the display device 200B.
  • the display device 200B includes a liquid crystal panel 80B that is a liquid crystal panel for display and a liquid crystal panel 90B that is a liquid crystal panel for dimming.
  • the display device 200B further includes a backlight unit 30, a polarizing plate 61, a polarizing plate 62, and a polarizing plate 63.
  • the position of the colored layer 39 is different from the display device 200A.
  • Other configurations are the same as those of the display device 200A.
  • FIG. 7 can be said to be a specific example of a display device corresponding to the configuration example 3 (the display device 100C shown in FIG. 2A).
  • the colored layer 39 is provided on the insulating layer 218 included in the liquid crystal panel 90B. Therefore, the light from the backlight unit 30 is incident on the liquid crystal element 50 and the liquid crystal element 40 after passing through the colored layer 39. Thereby, only light in a specific wavelength region is incident on the liquid crystal element 50 and the liquid crystal element 40. Even if the amount of light of the backlight is increased in order to increase the luminance of the display device 200B, the amount of light incident on the liquid crystal element can be reduced, so that a decrease in the reliability of the liquid crystal element can be suppressed and the liquid crystal element can be stabilized. Can be operated.
  • FIG. 8 shows a cross-sectional view of the display device 200C.
  • the display device 200C includes a liquid crystal panel 80C that is a liquid crystal panel for display and a liquid crystal panel 90C that is a liquid crystal panel for dimming.
  • the display device 200 ⁇ / b> C further includes a backlight unit 30, a polarizing plate 61, a polarizing plate 62, and a polarizing plate 63.
  • the display device 200C does not include the substrate 11 and the substrate 22, but includes the flexible substrate 16, the flexible substrate 26, the adhesive layer 81a, the adhesive layer 81b, the insulating layer 82a, and the insulating layer 82b. Different from 200A. Other configurations are the same as those of the display device 200A.
  • FIG. 8 can be said to be a specific example of a display device corresponding to Configuration Example 5 (display device 100G shown in FIG. 4A).
  • FIG. 8 illustrates an example in which the liquid crystal panel 80C and the liquid crystal panel 90C have the same number of pixels (one liquid crystal element 50 is provided for one liquid crystal element 40).
  • the number of pixels of the two liquid crystal panels is close or the same, parallax is particularly likely to occur. Therefore, it is effective to shorten the distance between the two liquid crystal elements using a flexible substrate. .
  • a method for transferring an element manufactured on a hard substrate to a flexible substrate will be described.
  • an insulating layer 82a is formed on a hard substrate with a peeling layer interposed therebetween, and a stacked structure from the transistor 13a to the alignment film 133c is formed.
  • the liquid crystal layer 42 is sandwiched between the substrate 12 on which the laminated structure from the light shielding layer 38 to the alignment film 133d is formed and the hard substrate, and the substrate 12 and the hard substrate are bonded together using the adhesive layer 141b.
  • the hard substrate is peeled off using the peeling layer, and the insulating layer 82a and the flexible substrate 16 are bonded together using the adhesive layer 81a.
  • the insulating layer 82b is formed on the hard substrate through the peeling layer, and the electrode 53 and the alignment film 133b are further formed. Then, the liquid crystal layer 52 is sandwiched between the substrate 21 on which the stacked structure from the transistor 23a to the alignment film 133a is formed and the hard substrate, and the substrate 21 and the hard substrate are bonded together using the adhesive layer 141a. Thereafter, the hard substrate is peeled off using the peeling layer, and the insulating layer 82b and the flexible substrate 26 are bonded together using the adhesive layer 81b.
  • FIG. 9 shows a cross-sectional view of the display device 200D.
  • the display device 200D includes a liquid crystal panel 80D that is a liquid crystal panel for display and a liquid crystal panel 90D that is a liquid crystal panel for dimming.
  • the display device 200D further includes a backlight unit 30, a polarizing plate 61, a polarizing plate 62, and a polarizing plate 63.
  • the display device 200D is different from the display device 200C in that the liquid crystal panel 80D has a configuration in which a part of the liquid crystal panel 80C (an element between the insulating layer 82a and the substrate 12) is turned upside down. Other configurations are the same as those of the display device 200C.
  • the display device 200D illustrated in FIG. 9 can be regarded as a modification of the configuration example 5 (the display device 100H illustrated in FIG. 4B).
  • the light from the backlight unit 30 is incident on the liquid crystal element 40 after passing through the colored layer 39.
  • the amount of light of the backlight is increased in order to increase the luminance of the display device 200D, the amount of light incident on the liquid crystal element 40 can be reduced, so that a decrease in the reliability of the liquid crystal element 40 can be suppressed, and the liquid crystal element 40 can be operated stably.
  • Configuration Example 8 an active matrix liquid crystal panel to which the IPS mode is applied is used as the display liquid crystal panel, and an active matrix liquid crystal panel to which the TN mode is applied is used as the light control liquid crystal panel.
  • the display device will be described.
  • FIG. 10 shows a cross-sectional view of the display device 200E.
  • the display device 200E includes a liquid crystal panel 80E that is a liquid crystal panel for display and a liquid crystal panel 90E that is a liquid crystal panel for dimming.
  • the display device 200E further includes a backlight unit 30, a polarizing plate 61, a polarizing plate 62, and a polarizing plate 63.
  • FIG. 10 can be said to be a specific example of a display device corresponding to Configuration Example 3 (display device 100D shown in FIG. 2B).
  • the liquid crystal panel 90E is different from the liquid crystal panel 90A in the transistor structure. Other than that, it has the same configuration as the liquid crystal panel 90A.
  • the display portion 162 is provided with a transistor 23b.
  • the transistor 23b includes a conductive layer 221 functioning as a gate electrode, an insulating layer 211 functioning as a gate insulating layer, a semiconductor layer 231, an impurity semiconductor layer 232, a conductive layer 222a functioning as a source electrode and a drain electrode, and a conductive layer 222b.
  • the transistor 23b is covered with an insulating layer 212.
  • the transistor 23 b includes hydrogenated amorphous silicon in the semiconductor layer 231.
  • the driver circuit portion 164 is provided with a transistor 201c.
  • the transistor 201c has a structure similar to that of the transistor 23b.
  • the liquid crystal panel 80E is different from the liquid crystal panel 80A in the structure of the transistor and the structure of the liquid crystal element. Other than that, it has the same configuration as the liquid crystal panel 80A.
  • the transistor 13b and the transistor 201d have a structure similar to that of the transistor 23b and the transistor 201c.
  • the display portion 162 is provided with a liquid crystal element 45.
  • the liquid crystal element 45 is a liquid crystal element to which the IPS mode is applied.
  • the liquid crystal element 45 includes an electrode 46, an electrode 48, and a liquid crystal layer 47.
  • the alignment of the liquid crystal layer 47 can be controlled by an electric field generated between the electrode 46 and the electrode 48.
  • the liquid crystal layer 47 is located between the alignment film 133c and the alignment film 133d.
  • the alignment film can control the alignment of the liquid crystal layer 47.
  • an alignment film 133c is provided so as to cover the electrode 46 and the electrode 48, and the alignment film 133d is located between the overcoat 121 and the liquid crystal layer 47.
  • the electrode 46 and the electrode 48 have, for example, a comb-like upper surface shape (also referred to as a planar shape) or an upper surface shape provided with a slit.
  • FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view of the display device 200F.
  • the display device 200F includes a liquid crystal panel 80F that is a liquid crystal panel for display and a liquid crystal panel 90F that is a liquid crystal panel for light control.
  • the display device 200F further includes a backlight unit 30, a polarizing plate 61, a polarizing plate 62, and a polarizing plate 63.
  • the position of the colored layer 39 is different from that of the display device 200E. Furthermore, the display device 200F is different from the display device 200E in that the liquid crystal panel 90F has a configuration in which the liquid crystal panel 90E is turned upside down. Note that the liquid crystal panel 90F has a colored layer 39 and an overcoat 121a in contact with the substrate 22. The other configuration is the same as that of the display device 200E.
  • FIG. 11 can be said to be a specific example of a display device corresponding to Configuration Example 4 (display device 100F shown in FIG. 3B).
  • the light from the backlight unit 30 passes through the colored layer 39 and then enters the liquid crystal element 50 and the liquid crystal element 45.
  • the amount of light from the backlight is increased in order to increase the brightness of the display device, the amount of light incident on the liquid crystal element can be reduced, so that a decrease in the reliability of the liquid crystal element can be suppressed and the liquid crystal element can be stabilized. It can be operated.
  • a transistor illustrated in FIG. 12A includes a conductive layer 221 functioning as a gate electrode, an insulating layer 211 functioning as a gate insulating layer, a semiconductor layer 231, a conductive layer 222a functioning as a source electrode and a drain electrode, and a conductive layer. 222b.
  • the transistor illustrated in FIG. 12A includes low-temperature polysilicon (also referred to as low temperature poly-silicon or LTPS) in the semiconductor layer 231.
  • low-temperature polysilicon also referred to as low temperature poly-silicon or LTPS
  • the transistor illustrated in FIG. 12B functions as a conductive layer 221 functioning as a first gate electrode, an insulating layer 211 functioning as a first gate insulating layer, a semiconductor layer 231, and a source electrode and a drain electrode.
  • the conductive layer 222a and the conductive layer 222b include a conductive layer 223 that functions as a second gate electrode, and an insulating layer 225 that functions as a second gate insulating layer.
  • the semiconductor layer 231 includes a channel region and a low resistance region.
  • a semiconductor layer 231 of the transistor illustrated in FIG. 12B includes a metal oxide. The channel region overlaps with the conductive layer 223 with the insulating layer 225 provided therebetween.
  • the low resistance region includes a portion connected to the conductive layer 222a and a portion connected to the conductive layer 222b.
  • the transistor illustrated in FIG. 12B has gates above and below a channel.
  • the two gates are preferably electrically connected.
  • a transistor in which two gates are electrically connected can have higher field-effect mobility than another transistor, and can increase on-state current.
  • the area occupied by the circuit portion can be reduced.
  • signal delay in each wiring can be reduced and display unevenness can be suppressed even if the number of wirings is increased by increasing the size or definition of the display device. Is possible.
  • the display device can be narrowed.
  • a highly reliable transistor can be realized.
  • An insulating layer 212 and an insulating layer 213 are provided over the conductive layer 223, and a conductive layer 222a and a conductive layer 222b are provided thereover.
  • the physical distance between the conductive layer 221 and the conductive layer 222a or the conductive layer 222b can be easily separated; thus, parasitic capacitance between them can be reduced. is there.
  • ⁇ Configuration example of liquid crystal element> In the liquid crystal element 40 illustrated in FIG. 1 and the like, an example in which the electrode 41 functioning as a pixel electrode is not provided with a slit or an opening is described; however, one embodiment of the present invention is not limited thereto. As shown in FIGS. 13A to 13C, slits (or openings) may be provided in both the pixel electrode and the common electrode.
  • the end of the slit of the electrode 41 and the end of the electrode 43 may be aligned.
  • a cross-sectional view in this case is shown in FIG.
  • the electrode 41 and the electrode 43 may have a portion where they overlap each other when viewed from above.
  • a cross-sectional view in this case is shown in FIG.
  • the electrode 41 and the electrode 43 may not be provided.
  • a cross-sectional view in this case is shown in FIG.
  • the configuration example illustrated in FIGS. 13A to 13C may be referred to as a kind of IPS mode.
  • a configuration in which the pixel electrode and the common electrode are provided on the same plane is referred to as an IPS mode
  • a configuration in which the pixel electrode and the common electrode are stacked via an insulating layer is described as an FFS mode.
  • the configuration example shown in FIGS. 13A to 13C is also exemplified as a kind of FFS mode.
  • an electrode 41 functioning as a pixel electrode may be provided over the electrode 43 functioning as a common electrode with an insulating layer 44 interposed therebetween.
  • the electrode 41 and the transistor 13 are electrically connected through the opening of the electrode 43 and the insulating layer 44.
  • Configuration Example 9 an active matrix liquid crystal panel to which the FFS mode is applied is used as the display liquid crystal panel, and an active matrix liquid crystal panel to which the TN mode is applied is used as the light control liquid crystal panel.
  • the touch panel will be described.
  • FIG. 14 shows a cross-sectional view of the touch panel 210A.
  • the touch panel 210A includes a liquid crystal panel 85A that is a liquid crystal panel for display and a liquid crystal panel 86A that is a liquid crystal panel for dimming.
  • the touch panel 210 ⁇ / b> A further includes a backlight unit 30, a polarizing plate 61, a polarizing plate 62, and a polarizing plate 63.
  • FIG. 14 can be said to be a specific example of a touch panel corresponding to Configuration Example 6 (touch panel 110A shown in FIG. 5A).
  • the liquid crystal panel 85A has a function of displaying an image and a function as a touch sensor.
  • the liquid crystal panel 85A is an active matrix liquid crystal panel to which the FFS mode is applied.
  • the liquid crystal panel 85A is a transmissive liquid crystal panel.
  • the liquid crystal panel 85A functions as a display panel.
  • the liquid crystal panel 85A includes a substrate 11, a substrate 12, a transistor 13a, a transistor 13b, a liquid crystal element 40a, a liquid crystal element 40b, a light shielding layer 38, a colored layer 39, and the like.
  • the liquid crystal element 40a includes an electrode 41a, a liquid crystal layer 42, and an electrode 43a.
  • the liquid crystal element 40b includes an electrode 41b, a liquid crystal layer 42, and an electrode 43b.
  • the source or drain of the transistor 13a is electrically connected to the electrode 41a.
  • the source or drain of the transistor 13b is electrically connected to the electrode 41b.
  • the electrode 41 a and the electrode 41 b are covered with an insulating layer 44, and the electrode 43 a and the electrode 43 b are provided on the insulating layer 44.
  • the electrode 41a has a region overlapping with the electrode 43a with the insulating layer 44 interposed therebetween.
  • the electrode 41a also has a region that does not overlap with the electrode 43a.
  • the electrode 41b has a region overlapping with the electrode 43b with the insulating layer 44 interposed therebetween.
  • the electrode 41b also has a region that does not overlap with the electrode 43b.
  • the liquid crystal layer 42 is sandwiched between the alignment film 133c and the alignment film 133d.
  • the electrode 43a and the electrode 43b are electrically insulated.
  • the touch panel 210A can detect the proximity or contact of the detection target using a capacitance formed between the electrode 43a and the electrode 43b.
  • the electrodes 43a and 43b serve as both the common electrode of the liquid crystal element and the electrode of the detection element.
  • the liquid crystal panel 86A has the same configuration as the liquid crystal panel 90A (FIG. 6).
  • the liquid crystal element 50 included in the liquid crystal panel 86A is placed so as to overlap with two or more liquid crystal elements included in the liquid crystal panel 85A (two liquid crystal elements 40a and 40b in FIG. 14). That is, dimming of two or more subpixels included in the touch panel 210 ⁇ / b> A can be performed using one liquid crystal element 50.
  • Configuration Example 10 an active matrix liquid crystal panel to which the IPS mode is applied is used as the display liquid crystal panel, and an active matrix liquid crystal panel to which the TN mode is applied is used as the light control liquid crystal panel.
  • the touch panel will be described.
  • FIG. 15 shows a cross-sectional view of the touch panel 210B.
  • the touch panel 210B includes a liquid crystal panel 85B that is a liquid crystal panel for display and a liquid crystal panel 86B that is a liquid crystal panel for light control.
  • the touch panel 210 ⁇ / b> B further includes a backlight unit 30, a polarizing plate 61, a polarizing plate 62, and a polarizing plate 63.
  • FIG. 15 can be said to be a specific example of a touch panel corresponding to Configuration Example 6 (touch panel 110B shown in FIG. 5B).
  • the liquid crystal panel 85B has a function of displaying an image and a function as a touch sensor.
  • the liquid crystal panel 85B has a configuration in which an electrode or the like constituting a detection element is provided only on the counter substrate (substrate 12).
  • the configuration of the liquid crystal panel 111B illustrated in FIG. 5 can be referred to.
  • the liquid crystal panel 86B has the same configuration as the liquid crystal panel 90A shown in FIG.
  • the liquid crystal panel 85B and the liquid crystal panel 86B have different transistor structures and semiconductor materials.
  • the structure, material, and the like of a transistor can be selected for each panel according to a difference in resolution of a liquid crystal panel, a difference in liquid crystal element, and the like.
  • a large display module with high resolution can be manufactured using the display device of this embodiment.
  • the resolution of an 8K4K display device is very high, with a horizontal resolution of 7680 and a vertical resolution of 4320.
  • Recommendation ITU-R BT. 2020-2 As an international standard for 8K4K display devices, Recommendation ITU-R BT. 2020-2.
  • the driving method is a progressive method, and the maximum frame frequency is 120 Hz.
  • the image rewriting operation may not be in time during the frame period, and may not be driven.
  • a structure in which a pixel region is divided into a plurality of (for example, four) pixels and a scan line driver circuit (also referred to as a gate driver) and a signal line driver circuit (also referred to as a source driver) are provided for each pixel region can be used.
  • a scan line driver circuit also referred to as a gate driver
  • a signal line driver circuit also referred to as a source driver
  • two or more (typically two, three, or four) gate lines are simultaneously applied.
  • a configuration in which a selection signal is supplied and two or more pixels adjacent in the column direction are simultaneously selected can be applied. Two or more pixels selected at the same time are connected to different source lines. That is, two or more source lines are arranged for each column.
  • Such a configuration is preferable because it is less expensive than a configuration in which the pixel region is divided. From the fact that a circuit that synchronizes the divided pixel areas is unnecessary, the boundary portion of the divided pixel areas is not visually recognized, and the image processing for dividing the input image data is unnecessary. A configuration in which the pixel region is not divided is preferable.
  • a display module having a configuration in which the pixel region is not divided will be described in detail.
  • a display module having a structure in which a selection signal is supplied to each gate line and pixels are selected one by one will be described with reference to FIGS.
  • a display module having a structure in which a selection signal is supplied to each of two gate lines and two pixels are selected will be described with reference to FIGS.
  • FIG. 16A is a block diagram illustrating a structure of a display module.
  • a selection signal is supplied to each gate line, and pixels are selected one by one.
  • Both the gate driver GD and the source driver SD can be externally attached.
  • One or both of the gate driver GD and the source driver SD may be built in the display device.
  • the same signal is supplied to the gate line from the two gate drivers GD.
  • a signal is supplied from one source driver SD to the source line.
  • the pixel area (Pixel Area) is not divided.
  • FIG. 16B shows a circuit diagram of the pixel PIX (i, j).
  • the pixel PIX (i, j) includes a transistor M1, a capacitor C1, and a liquid crystal element LC.
  • the gate of the transistor M1 is connected to the gate line GL (i).
  • One of the source and the drain of the transistor M1 is connected to the source line SL (j), and the other is connected to one electrode of the capacitor C1 and one electrode of the liquid crystal element LC.
  • the other electrode of the capacitive element C1 is connected to the wiring CSCOM.
  • the other electrode of the liquid crystal element LC is connected to the wiring TCOM.
  • FIG. 17A is a block diagram illustrating a structure of a display module.
  • selection signals are simultaneously supplied to two gate lines, and two adjacent pixels in the column direction are simultaneously selected.
  • Both the gate driver GD and the source driver SD can be externally attached.
  • One or both of the gate driver GD and the source driver SD may be built in the display device.
  • the same signal is supplied to the gate line from the two gate drivers GD.
  • the gate line GL 0 (i) is electrically connected to the gate line GL (i) and the gate line GL (i + 1), and the i-th and (i + 1) -th rows are driven simultaneously.
  • a signal is supplied from one source driver SD to the source line.
  • the pixel area is not divided.
  • FIG. 17B is a circuit diagram of the pixel PIX (i, j) and the pixel PIX (i + 1, j).
  • the pixel PIX (i, j) includes a transistor M1, a capacitor C1, and a liquid crystal element LC.
  • the gate of the transistor M1 is connected to the gate line GL (i).
  • One of the source and the drain of the transistor M1 is connected to the source line SL 1 (j), and the other is connected to one electrode of the capacitor C1 and one electrode of the liquid crystal element LC.
  • the other electrode of the capacitive element C1 is connected to the wiring CSCOM.
  • the other electrode of the liquid crystal element LC is connected to the wiring TCOM.
  • the pixel PIX (i + 1, j) includes a transistor M2, a capacitor element C2, and a liquid crystal element LC.
  • the gate of the transistor M2 is connected to the gate line GL (i + 1).
  • One of the source and the drain of the transistor M2 is connected to the source line SL 2 (j), and the other is connected to one electrode of the capacitor C2 and one electrode of the liquid crystal element LC.
  • the other electrode of the capacitive element C2 is connected to the wiring CSCOM.
  • the other electrode of the liquid crystal element LC is connected to the wiring TCOM.
  • a liquid crystal panel for light control and a liquid crystal panel for display are used, and by applying liquid crystal elements and transistors suitable for the two liquid crystal panels, contrast, viewing angle characteristics, In addition, a display device with high reliability can be realized.
  • each color is represented by a luminance of 256 gradations.
  • each color is expressed by a luminance of 4096 gradations.
  • FIG. 18A shows an example of VT characteristics (voltage-transmittance characteristics) of a liquid crystal element.
  • shaft of FIG. 18 (A) shows the normalized transmittance
  • 8 bits the transmittance from black to white is divided into 256 gradations.
  • 12 bits it is divided into 4096 gradations. Therefore, when the voltage changes by the same value, in the case of 12 bits, a gradation change of about 16 times that of 8 bits occurs. In order to suppress the gradation shift, it is important to suppress the change in voltage.
  • an oxide semiconductor is used for a semiconductor layer of a transistor.
  • a transistor using an oxide semiconductor can have a much lower leakage current (off-state current) in a non-conduction state than a transistor using silicon or the like.
  • increasing the resistivity of the liquid crystal material can be given.
  • the specific resistivity of the liquid crystal material is preferably 1.0 ⁇ 10 14 ⁇ ⁇ cm or more, and more preferably 1.0 ⁇ 10 15 ⁇ ⁇ cm or more.
  • the transmittance change amount ⁇ T per voltage change amount ⁇ V it is possible to reduce the transmittance change amount ⁇ T per voltage change amount ⁇ V. That is, it is preferable to reduce the inclination of the VT characteristic in the liquid crystal element.
  • the inclination of the VT characteristic is reduced by controlling the rubbing angle of the alignment film.
  • 18B1, (B2), (B3), (C1), (C2), and (C3) are schematic views of the electrodes of the liquid crystal element as viewed from above. Furthermore, in each of these figures, liquid crystal molecules 42m located on the electrodes are shown.
  • the electrode 41 and the electrode 43 illustrated in FIGS. 18B1, (B2), (C1), and (C2) can be regarded as a pixel electrode and a common electrode included in an IPS mode liquid crystal element.
  • an IPS mode liquid crystal element will be described as an example.
  • the electrode 43 may be replaced with an electrode 41 to be applied to an FFS mode liquid crystal element.
  • Can do. 18B3 and 18C can be regarded as a pixel electrode included in an FFS mode liquid crystal element, and the distance S can be regarded as a slit width of the electrode 41.
  • the common electrode included in the FFS mode liquid crystal element is provided at a position overlapping the pixel electrode with the insulating layer interposed therebetween.
  • FIG. 18B1 shows the direction of the liquid crystal molecules 42m when the voltage is OFF.
  • FIG. 18B2 shows the direction of the liquid crystal molecules 42m and the direction of the electric field when the voltage is ON.
  • Angle theta p shown in FIG. 18 (B1) is said the direction of the electric field, the orientation of the long axis of the liquid crystal molecules 42m when the voltage OFF, the the angle formed.
  • the direction of the major axis of the liquid crystal molecules 42m when the voltage is OFF is substantially equal to the rubbing direction of the alignment film.
  • the angle theta p may be referred to as the rubbing direction and the angle formed by the direction of the electric field of the alignment film.
  • Angle theta p is preferably less than 80 ° greater than 50 °, more preferably less than 60 ° or 80 °, more preferably 60 ° to 70 ° or less.
  • the inclination of VT characteristic can be made small and a high maximum transmittance can be maintained.
  • the response speed can be increased.
  • the transmittance variation can be reduced even when a voltage change occurs, and gradation shift can be suppressed.
  • FIG. 18C1 shows the direction of the liquid crystal molecules 42m when the voltage is OFF.
  • FIG. 18C2 shows the direction of the liquid crystal molecules 42m and the direction of the electric field when the voltage is ON.
  • the angle ⁇ n shown in FIG. 18C1 can be said to be an angle formed by the direction of the electric field and the direction of the major axis of the liquid crystal molecules 42m when the voltage is OFF.
  • the direction of the major axis of the liquid crystal molecules 42m when the voltage is OFF is substantially equal to the rubbing direction of the alignment film. That is, the angle ⁇ n can be rephrased as an angle formed by the rubbing direction of the alignment film and the electric field direction.
  • the angle ⁇ n is preferably greater than 10 ° and less than 40 °, more preferably 20 ° or more and less than 40 °, and still more preferably 20 ° or more and 30 ° or less.
  • the inclination of VT characteristic can be made small and a high maximum transmittance can be maintained.
  • the response speed can be increased.
  • the transmittance variation can be reduced even when a voltage change occurs, and gradation shift can be suppressed.
  • An oxide semiconductor is classified into a single crystal oxide semiconductor and a non-single-crystal oxide semiconductor.
  • a non-single-crystal oxide semiconductor a CAAC-OS (c-axis-aligned crystal oxide semiconductor), a polycrystalline oxide semiconductor, an nc-OS (nanocrystalline oxide semiconductor), a pseudo-amorphous oxide semiconductor (a-like oxide OS) : Amorphous-like oxide semiconductor) and amorphous oxide semiconductor.
  • CAC-OS Cloud-Aligned Composite Oxide Semiconductor
  • non-single-crystal oxide semiconductor or CAC-OS can be preferably used for the semiconductor layer of the transistor disclosed in one embodiment of the present invention.
  • non-single-crystal oxide semiconductor nc-OS or CAAC-OS can be preferably used.
  • a CAC-OS is preferably used as the semiconductor layer of the transistor.
  • the CAC-OS high electrical characteristics or high reliability can be imparted to the transistor.
  • CAC-OS Details of the CAC-OS will be described below.
  • the CAC-OS or the CAC-metal oxide has a conductive function in part of the material and an insulating function in part of the material, and has a function as a semiconductor in the whole material.
  • the conductive function is a function of flowing electrons (or holes) serving as carriers
  • the insulating function is a carrier. This function prevents electrons from flowing.
  • a function of switching (a function of turning on / off) can be imparted to CAC-OS or CAC-metal oxide by causing the conductive function and the insulating function to act complementarily. In CAC-OS or CAC-metal oxide, by separating each function, both functions can be maximized.
  • the CAC-OS or the CAC-metal oxide has a conductive region and an insulating region.
  • the conductive region has the above-described conductive function
  • the insulating region has the above-described insulating function.
  • the conductive region and the insulating region may be separated at the nanoparticle level.
  • the conductive region and the insulating region may be unevenly distributed in the material, respectively.
  • the conductive region may be observed with the periphery blurred and connected in a cloud shape.
  • the conductive region and the insulating region are dispersed in the material with a size of 0.5 nm to 10 nm, preferably 0.5 nm to 3 nm, respectively. There is.
  • CAC-OS or CAC-metal oxide is composed of components having different band gaps.
  • CAC-OS or CAC-metal oxide includes a component having a wide gap caused by an insulating region and a component having a narrow gap caused by a conductive region.
  • the carrier when the carrier flows, the carrier mainly flows in the component having the narrow gap.
  • the component having a narrow gap acts in a complementary manner to the component having a wide gap, and the carrier flows through the component having the wide gap in conjunction with the component having the narrow gap. Therefore, when the CAC-OS or the CAC-metal oxide is used for a channel formation region of a transistor, high current driving force, that is, high on-state current and high field-effect mobility can be obtained in the on-state of the transistor.
  • CAC-OS or CAC-metal oxide can also be referred to as a matrix composite (metal matrix composite) or a metal matrix composite (metal matrix composite).
  • the CAC-OS is one structure of a material in which an element constituting a metal oxide is unevenly distributed with a size of 0.5 nm to 10 nm, preferably, 1 nm to 2 nm or near.
  • an element constituting a metal oxide is unevenly distributed with a size of 0.5 nm to 10 nm, preferably, 1 nm to 2 nm or near.
  • a metal oxide one or more metal elements are unevenly distributed, and a region having the metal element has a size of 0.5 nm to 10 nm, preferably 1 nm to 2 nm or near.
  • the mixed state is also called mosaic or patch.
  • the metal oxide preferably contains at least indium.
  • One kind or plural kinds selected from may be included.
  • a CAC-OS in In-Ga-Zn oxide is an indium oxide (hereinafter referred to as InO).
  • X1 (X1 is greater real than 0) and.), or indium zinc oxide (hereinafter, in X2 Zn Y2 O Z2 ( X2, Y2, and Z2 is larger real than 0) and a.), gallium An oxide (hereinafter referred to as GaO X3 (X3 is a real number greater than 0)) or a gallium zinc oxide (hereinafter referred to as Ga X4 Zn Y4 O Z4 (where X4, Y4, and Z4 are greater than 0)) to.) and the like, the material becomes mosaic by separate into, mosaic InO X1 or in X2 Zn Y2 O Z2, is a configuration in which uniformly distributed in the film (hereinafter, click Also called Udo-like.) A.
  • CAC-OS includes a region GaO X3 is the main component, and In X2 Zn Y2 O Z2, or InO X1 is the main component region is a composite metal oxide having a structure that is mixed.
  • the first region indicates that the atomic ratio of In to the element M in the first region is larger than the atomic ratio of In to the element M in the second region. It is assumed that the concentration of In is higher than that in the second region.
  • IGZO is a common name and sometimes refers to one compound of In, Ga, Zn, and O.
  • ZnO ZnO
  • the crystalline compound has a single crystal structure, a polycrystalline structure, or a CAAC (c-axis aligned crystal) structure.
  • the CAAC structure is a crystal structure in which a plurality of IGZO nanocrystals have c-axis orientation and are connected without being oriented in the ab plane.
  • CAC-OS relates to a material structure of a metal oxide.
  • CAC-OS refers to a region that is observed in the form of nanoparticles mainly composed of Ga in a material structure including In, Ga, Zn, and O, and nanoparticles that are partially composed mainly of In.
  • the region observed in a shape is a configuration in which the regions are randomly dispersed in a mosaic shape. Therefore, in the CAC-OS, the crystal structure is a secondary element.
  • the CAC-OS does not include a stacked structure of two or more kinds of films having different compositions.
  • a structure composed of two layers of a film mainly containing In and a film mainly containing Ga is not included.
  • a region GaO X3 is the main component, and In X2 Zn Y2 O Z2 or InO X1 is the main component region, in some cases clear boundary can not be observed.
  • the CAC-OS includes a region that is observed in a part of a nanoparticle mainly including the metal element and a nanoparticle mainly including In.
  • the region observed in the form of particles refers to a configuration in which each region is randomly dispersed in a mosaic shape.
  • the CAC-OS can be formed by a sputtering method under a condition where the substrate is not intentionally heated, for example.
  • a CAC-OS is formed by a sputtering method
  • any one or more selected from an inert gas (typically argon), an oxygen gas, and a nitrogen gas may be used as a deposition gas. Good.
  • the flow rate ratio of the oxygen gas to the total flow rate of the deposition gas during film formation is preferably as low as possible. .
  • the CAC-OS has a feature that a clear peak is not observed when measurement is performed using a ⁇ / 2 ⁇ scan by an out-of-plane method, which is one of X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurement methods. Have. That is, it can be seen from X-ray diffraction that no orientation in the ab plane direction and c-axis direction of the measurement region is observed.
  • XRD X-ray diffraction
  • an electron diffraction pattern obtained by irradiating an electron beam with a probe diameter of 1 nm (also referred to as a nanobeam electron beam) has a ring-like region having a high luminance and a plurality of bright regions in the ring region. A point is observed. Therefore, it can be seen from the electron beam diffraction pattern that the crystal structure of the CAC-OS has an nc (nano-crystal) structure having no orientation in the planar direction and the cross-sectional direction.
  • a region in which GaO X3 is a main component is obtained by EDX mapping obtained by using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). It can be confirmed that a region in which In X2 Zn Y2 O Z2 or InO X1 is a main component is unevenly distributed and mixed.
  • EDX energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy
  • the CAC-OS has a structure different from that of the IGZO compound in which the metal element is uniformly distributed, and has a property different from that of the IGZO compound. That, CAC-OS includes a region which is the main component such as GaO X3, In X2 Zn Y2 O Z2 or InO X1 is phase-separated from each other in a region which is the main component, and a region mainly composed of the elements It has a mosaic structure.
  • the region containing In X2 Zn Y2 O Z2 or InO X1 as a main component is a region having higher conductivity than a region containing GaO X3 or the like as a main component. That, In X2 Zn Y2 O Z2 or InO X1, is an area which is the main component, by carriers flow, expressed the conductivity of the oxide semiconductor. Accordingly, a region where In X2 Zn Y2 O Z2 or InO X1 is a main component is distributed in a cloud shape in the oxide semiconductor, whereby high field-effect mobility ( ⁇ ) can be realized.
  • areas such as GaO X3 is the main component, as compared to the In X2 Zn Y2 O Z2 or InO X1 is the main component area, it is highly regions insulating. That is, a region containing GaO X3 or the like as a main component is distributed in the oxide semiconductor, whereby leakage current can be suppressed and good switching operation can be realized.
  • CAC-OS when CAC-OS is used for a semiconductor element, the insulating property caused by GaO X3 and the like and the conductivity caused by In X2 Zn Y2 O Z2 or InO X1 act in a complementary manner, resulting in high An on-current (I on ) and high field effect mobility ( ⁇ ) can be realized.
  • CAC-OS is optimal for various semiconductor devices including a display.
  • FIG. 19A shows a block diagram of a television device 600.
  • the television apparatus 600 includes a control unit 601, a storage unit 602, a communication control unit 603, an image processing circuit 604, a decoder circuit 605, a video signal receiving unit 606, a timing controller 607, a source driver 608, a gate driver 609, a display panel 620, A timing controller 647, a source driver 648, a gate driver 649, a dimming panel 650, and the like are included.
  • the display panel included in the display device described in Embodiment 1 can be applied to the display panel 620 in FIG.
  • the light control panel included in the display device illustrated in Embodiment 1 can be applied to the light control panel 650 in FIG. Accordingly, it is possible to realize a television device 600 that is large and has high resolution and high display quality.
  • the control unit 601 can function as, for example, a central processing unit (CPU: Central Processing Unit).
  • CPU Central Processing Unit
  • the control unit 601 has a function of controlling components such as the storage unit 602, the communication control unit 603, the image processing circuit 604, the decoder circuit 605, and the video signal receiving unit 606 via the system bus 630.
  • a signal is transmitted between the control unit 601 and each component via the system bus 630.
  • the control unit 601 has a function of processing a signal input from each component connected via the system bus 630, a function of generating a signal output to each component, and the like, thereby being connected to the system bus 630.
  • Each component can be controlled centrally.
  • the storage unit 602 functions as a register, a cache memory, a main memory, a secondary memory, or the like that can be accessed by the control unit 601 and the image processing circuit 604.
  • a storage device that can be used as the secondary memory for example, a storage device to which a rewritable nonvolatile storage element is applied can be used.
  • a flash memory an MRAM (Magnetostatic Random Access Memory), a PRAM (Phase change RAM), a ReRAM (Resistive RAM), an FeRAM (Ferroelectric RAM), or the like can be used.
  • a storage device that can be used as a temporary memory such as a register, a cache memory, or a main memory
  • a volatile storage element such as a DRAM (Dynamic RAM) or an SRAM (Static Random Access Memory) may be used.
  • a RAM provided in the main memory for example, a DRAM is used, and a memory space is virtually allocated and used as a work space of the control unit 601.
  • the operating system, application program, program module, program data, etc. stored in the storage unit 602 are loaded into the RAM for execution. These data, programs, and program modules loaded in the RAM are directly accessed and operated by the control unit 601.
  • the ROM can store BIOS (Basic Input / Output System), firmware and the like that do not require rewriting.
  • BIOS Basic Input / Output System
  • ROM mask ROM, OTPROM (One Time Programmable Read Only Memory), EPROM (Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory), etc. can be used.
  • EPROM include UV-EPROM (Ultra-Violet Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory), EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory), etc. that can erase stored data by ultraviolet irradiation.
  • a removable storage device may be connected.
  • a terminal for connecting to a recording medium drive such as a hard disk drive (Hard Disk Drive: HDD) or a solid state drive (SSD) that functions as a storage device, a recording medium such as a flash memory, a Blu-ray disc, or a DVD.
  • a recording medium such as a flash memory, a Blu-ray disc, or a DVD.
  • the communication control unit 603 has a function of controlling communication performed via a computer network.
  • the control signal for connecting to the computer network is controlled in accordance with a command from the control unit 601, and the signal is transmitted to the computer network.
  • the Internet, intranet, extranet, PAN (Personal Area Network), LAN (Local Area Network), CAN (Campus Area Network), and MAN (MetroApoNetwork) are the foundations of the World Wide Web (WWW).
  • Communication can be performed by connecting to a computer network such as Wide Area Network (GA) or GAN (Global Area Network).
  • the communication control unit 603 has a function of communicating with a computer network or other electronic devices using a communication standard such as Wi-Fi (registered trademark), Bluetooth (registered trademark), or ZigBee (registered trademark). Also good.
  • a communication standard such as Wi-Fi (registered trademark), Bluetooth (registered trademark), or ZigBee (registered trademark). Also good.
  • the communication control unit 603 may have a function of communicating wirelessly.
  • an antenna and a high frequency circuit may be provided to transmit and receive an RF signal.
  • the high-frequency circuit is a circuit for mutually converting an electromagnetic signal and an electric signal in a frequency band determined by the legislation of each country and performing communication with other communication devices wirelessly using the electromagnetic signal. Several tens of kHz to several tens of GHz is generally used as a practical frequency band.
  • the high-frequency circuit connected to the antenna includes a high-frequency circuit unit corresponding to a plurality of frequency bands, and the high-frequency circuit unit includes an amplifier (amplifier), a mixer, a filter, a DSP, an RF transceiver, and the like. it can.
  • the video signal receiving unit 606 includes, for example, an antenna, a demodulation circuit, an A / D conversion circuit (analog-digital conversion circuit), and the like.
  • the demodulation circuit has a function of demodulating a signal input from the antenna.
  • the A-D conversion circuit has a function of converting the demodulated analog signal into a digital signal.
  • the signal processed by the video signal receiving unit 606 is sent to the decoder circuit 605.
  • the decoder circuit 605 has a function of decoding video data included in a digital signal input from the video signal receiving unit 606 in accordance with the specification of a broadcast standard to be transmitted, and generating a signal to be transmitted to the image processing circuit.
  • a broadcasting standard in 8K broadcasting H.264 is used.
  • H.265 MPEG-H High Efficiency Video Coding (abbreviation: HEVC).
  • broadcast radio waves that can be received by the antenna included in the video signal receiving unit 606 include ground waves or radio waves transmitted from satellites.
  • Broadcast radio waves that can be received by an antenna include analog broadcast and digital broadcast, and also includes video and audio, or audio-only broadcast.
  • broadcast radio waves transmitted in a specific frequency band in the UHF band (about 300 MHz to 3 GHz) or the VHF band (30 MHz to 300 MHz) can be received.
  • the transfer rate can be increased and more information can be obtained. Accordingly, an image having a resolution exceeding full high-definition can be displayed on the display panel 620. For example, an image having a resolution of 4K2K, 8K4K, 16K8K, or higher can be displayed.
  • the video signal receiving unit 606 and the decoder circuit 605 may be configured to generate a signal to be transmitted to the image processing circuit 604 using broadcast data transmitted by a data transmission technique via a computer network.
  • the video signal receiving unit 606 may not include a demodulation circuit, an A-D conversion circuit, and the like.
  • the image processing circuit 604 has a function of generating a video signal to be output to the timing controller 607 based on the video signal input from the decoder circuit 605.
  • the image processing circuit 604 has a function of generating a signal to be output to the timing controller 647 based on the video signal input from the decoder circuit 605.
  • the image processing circuit 604 may further have a function of generating a signal to be output to the backlight unit based on the video signal input from the decoder circuit 605.
  • the timing controller 607 generates a signal (a signal such as a clock signal or a start pulse signal) to be output to the gate driver 609 and the source driver 608 based on the synchronization signal included in the video signal processed by the image processing circuit 604. It has the function to do.
  • the timing controller 607 has a function of generating a video signal to be output to the source driver 608 in addition to the above signals.
  • the display panel 620 includes a plurality of pixels 621. Each pixel 621 is driven by signals supplied from the gate driver 609 and the source driver 608.
  • a display panel having a resolution according to the 8K4K standard having the number of pixels of 7680 ⁇ 4320 is shown. Note that the resolution of the display panel 620 is not limited to this, and may be a resolution according to a standard such as full high-definition (pixel number 1920 ⁇ 1080) or 4K2K (pixel number 3840 ⁇ 2160).
  • the timing controller 647 has a function of generating signals to be output to the gate driver 649 and the source driver 648 based on a synchronization signal included in the signal processed by the image processing circuit 604.
  • the timing controller 647 has a function of generating a video signal to be output to the source driver 648 in addition to the above signals.
  • One timing controller may generate a signal for driving both the display panel 620 and the light control panel 650.
  • the light control panel 650 includes a plurality of pixels 651. Each pixel 651 is driven by signals supplied from the gate driver 649 and the source driver 648. The number of pixels of the light control panel 650 may be the same as or different from that of the display panel 620.
  • control unit 601 and the image processing circuit 604 illustrated in FIG. 19A can include a processor.
  • the control unit 601 can use a processor that functions as a CPU.
  • image processing circuit 604 other processors such as a DSP (Digital Signal Processor) and a GPU (Graphics Processing Unit) can be used.
  • the control unit 601 and the image processing circuit 604 may have a configuration in which the processor is realized by a PLD (Programmable Logic Device) such as an FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) or an FPAA (Field Programmable Analog Array).
  • PLD Programmable Logic Device
  • FPGA Field Programmable Gate Array
  • FPAA Field Programmable Analog Array
  • the processor performs various data processing and program control by interpreting and executing instructions from various programs.
  • the program that can be executed by the processor may be stored in a memory area of the processor, or may be stored in a storage device provided separately.
  • control unit 601, the storage unit 602, the communication control unit 603, the image processing circuit 604, the decoder circuit 605, the video signal receiving unit 606, the timing controller 607, and the timing controller 647 are provided. These functions may be integrated into one IC chip to constitute a system LSI.
  • a system LSI including a processor, a decoder circuit, a tuner circuit, an A / D conversion circuit, a DRAM, and an SRAM may be used.
  • a transistor in which an oxide semiconductor is used for a channel formation region and an extremely low off-state current is realized can be used for the controller 601, an IC included in another component, or the like. Since the transistor has extremely low off-state current, the use of the transistor as a switch for holding charge (data) flowing into the capacitor functioning as a memory element can ensure a data holding period for a long time. it can. By using this characteristic for a register such as the control unit 601 or a cache memory, the control unit 601 is operated only when necessary, and in other cases, information on the immediately preceding process is saved in the storage element, so that it is normally. Off-computing becomes possible. Thereby, the power consumption of the television apparatus 600 can be reduced.
  • the structure of the television device 600 in FIG. 19A is just an example, and it is not necessary to include all of the components.
  • the television set 600 only needs to include necessary components from among the components illustrated in FIG.
  • the television device 600 may include a component other than the components illustrated in FIG.
  • the television device 600 may include an external interface, an audio output unit, a touch panel unit, a sensor unit, a camera unit, and the like in addition to the configuration illustrated in FIG.
  • an external interface for example, a USB (Universal Serial Bus) terminal, a LAN (Local Area Network) connection terminal, a power receiving terminal, an audio output terminal, an audio input terminal, an image output terminal, an image input terminal, etc.
  • the sound input / output unit includes a sound controller, a microphone, a speaker, and the like.
  • the image processing circuit 604 preferably has a function of executing image processing based on the video signal input from the decoder circuit 605.
  • Examples of image processing include noise removal processing, gradation conversion processing, color tone correction processing, and luminance correction processing.
  • Examples of the color tone correction process and the brightness correction process include gamma correction.
  • the image processing circuit 604 preferably has a function of executing processing such as inter-pixel interpolation processing accompanying resolution up-conversion and inter-frame interpolation processing accompanying frame frequency up-conversion.
  • noise removal processing various noises such as mosquito noise generated around the outline of characters, block noise generated in high-speed moving images, flickering random noise, and dot noise generated by resolution up-conversion are removed.
  • the gradation conversion process is a process for converting the gradation of an image into a gradation corresponding to the output characteristics of the display panel 620. For example, when the number of gradations is increased, a process for smoothing the histogram can be performed by interpolating and assigning gradation values corresponding to each pixel to an image input with a small number of gradations. Further, a high dynamic range (HDR) process for expanding the dynamic range is also included in the gradation conversion process.
  • HDR high dynamic range
  • the inter-pixel interpolation process interpolates data that does not originally exist when the resolution is up-converted. For example, referring to pixels around the target pixel, the data is interpolated so as to display the intermediate colors.
  • the color tone correction process is a process for correcting the color tone of an image.
  • the brightness correction process is a process for correcting the brightness (brightness contrast) of the image. For example, the type, brightness, or color purity of the illumination in the space where the television apparatus 600 is provided is detected, and the brightness and color tone of the image displayed on the display panel 620 are corrected accordingly. Or, it has a function to compare the image to be displayed with the images of various scenes in the image list stored in advance, and to correct the image displayed with brightness and color tone suitable for the image of the closest scene. May be.
  • Interframe interpolation generates an image of a frame (interpolation frame) that does not originally exist when the frame frequency of a video to be displayed is increased.
  • an interpolation frame image to be inserted between two images is generated from the difference between two images.
  • an image of a plurality of interpolation frames can be generated between two images.
  • the frame frequency of the video signal input from the decoder circuit 605 is 60 Hz
  • the frame frequency of the video signal output to the timing controller 607 is doubled by 120 Hz by generating a plurality of interpolation frames, or It can be increased to 4 times 240 Hz or 8 times 480 Hz.
  • the image processing circuit 604 preferably has a function of executing image processing using a neural network.
  • FIG. 19A shows an example in which the image processing circuit 604 includes a neural network 610.
  • the neural network 610 can perform feature extraction from image data included in a video, for example.
  • the image processing circuit 604 can select an optimal correction method according to the extracted features, or can select parameters used for correction.
  • the neural network 610 itself may have a function of performing image processing. That is, the image data that has been subjected to image processing may be output by inputting the image data before being subjected to image processing to the neural network 610.
  • weight coefficient data used for the neural network 610 is stored in the storage unit 602 as a data table.
  • the data table including the weighting coefficient can be updated to the latest one via the computer network by the communication control unit 603, for example.
  • the image processing circuit 604 may have a learning function so that a data table including a weighting factor can be updated.
  • the image processing circuit 604 preferably has a function of generating a signal indicating the transmittance distribution in the transmission region of the light control panel 650 based on the video signal input from the decoder circuit 605. It is preferable to use a neural network 610 for generating the signal.
  • the image processing circuit 604 preferably has a function of generating a signal indicating luminance in the backlight unit based on the video signal input from the decoder circuit 605. It is preferable to use a neural network 610 for generating the signal.
  • FIG. 19B shows a schematic diagram of a neural network 610 included in the image processing circuit 604.
  • a neural network refers to a general model that imitates a biological neural network, determines the connection strength between neurons by learning, and has problem solving ability.
  • the neural network has an input layer, an intermediate layer (also referred to as a hidden layer), and an output layer.
  • a neural network having two or more intermediate layers is called a deep neural network (DNN), and learning by the deep neural network is called “deep learning”.
  • determining the connection strength (also referred to as a weighting factor) between neurons from existing information may be referred to as “learning”.
  • “inference” refers to constructing a neural network using the connection strength obtained by learning and deriving a new conclusion therefrom.
  • the neural network 610 includes an input layer 611, one or more intermediate layers 612, and an output layer 613. Input data is input to the input layer 611. Output data is output from the output layer 613.
  • the input layer 611, the intermediate layer 612, and the output layer 613 each have a neuron 615.
  • the neuron 615 indicates a circuit element (product-sum operation element) capable of realizing product-sum operation.
  • FIG. 19B the input / output direction of data between two neurons 615 included in two layers is indicated by arrows.
  • f (x) is an activation function, and a sigmoid function, a threshold function, or the like can be used.
  • the output of the neuron 615 of each layer is a value obtained by calculating the activation function on the product-sum operation result of the output of the neuron 615 of the previous layer and the weight coefficient.
  • the connection between layers may be a total connection in which all neurons are connected, or a partial connection in which some neurons are connected.
  • FIG. 19B illustrates an example having three intermediate layers 612. Note that the number of the intermediate layers 612 is not limited to this, and it is only necessary to include one or more intermediate layers. In addition, the number of neurons included in one intermediate layer 612 may be changed as appropriate according to specifications. For example, the number of neurons 615 included in one intermediate layer 612 may be larger or smaller than the number of neurons 615 included in the input layer 611 or the output layer 613.
  • a weighting factor that is an index of the strength of connection between the neurons 615 is determined by learning.
  • the learning may be executed by a processor included in the television apparatus 600, but is preferably executed by a computer having an excellent arithmetic processing capability such as a dedicated server or a cloud.
  • the weighting coefficient determined by learning is stored in the storage unit 602 as a table and is used by being read out by the image processing circuit 604.
  • the table can be updated via a computer network as necessary.
  • the electronic device of this embodiment includes the display device of one embodiment of the present invention in the display portion. Therefore, the electronic device has a high contrast ratio. In addition, the electronic device can achieve both a high contrast ratio and a large screen.
  • full high vision, 4K2K, 8K4K, 16K8K, or higher resolution video can be displayed on the display portion of the electronic device of this embodiment.
  • the screen size of the display unit can be 20 inches or more diagonal, 30 inches or more, 50 inches or more, 60 inches or more, or 70 inches or more.
  • the frame frequency of the display unit can be 60 Hz or higher or 120 Hz or higher, and specifically 240 Hz.
  • the gradation of the image displayed on the display unit can be 8 bits or more or 12 bits or more.
  • Examples of electronic devices include relatively large screens such as television devices, desktop or notebook personal computers, monitors for computers, digital signage (digital signage), and large game machines such as pachinko machines.
  • a digital camera, a digital video camera, a digital photo frame, a mobile phone, a portable game machine, a portable information terminal, a sound reproduction device, and the like can be given.
  • the electronic device of this embodiment can be incorporated along a curved surface of an inner wall or an outer wall of a house or a building, or an interior or exterior of an automobile.
  • the electronic device of this embodiment may include an antenna. By receiving a signal with an antenna, video, information, and the like can be displayed on the display unit.
  • the antenna may be used for non-contact power transmission.
  • the electronic device of this embodiment includes sensors (force, displacement, position, velocity, acceleration, angular velocity, rotation speed, distance, light, liquid, magnetism, temperature, chemical substance, sound, time, hardness, electric field, current, voltage. , Power, radiation, flow rate, humidity, gradient, vibration, smell, or infrared measurement function).
  • the electronic device of this embodiment can have various functions. For example, a function for displaying various information (still images, moving images, text images, etc.) on the display unit, a touch panel function, a function for displaying a calendar, date or time, a function for executing various software (programs), and wireless communication A function, a function of reading a program or data recorded on a recording medium, and the like can be provided.
  • FIG. 20A illustrates an example of a television set.
  • a display portion 7000 is incorporated in a housing 7101.
  • a structure in which the housing 7101 is supported by a stand 7103 is shown.
  • the display device of one embodiment of the present invention can be applied to the display portion 7000.
  • Operation of the television device 7100 illustrated in FIG. 20A can be performed with an operation switch included in the housing 7101 or a separate remote controller 7111.
  • the display unit 7000 may be provided with a touch sensor, and may be operated by touching the display unit 7000 with a finger or the like.
  • the remote controller 7111 may include a display unit that displays information output from the remote controller 7111. Channels and volume can be operated with an operation key or a touch panel included in the remote controller 7111, and an image displayed on the display portion 7000 can be operated.
  • the television device 7100 is provided with a receiver, a modem, and the like.
  • a general television broadcast can be received by the receiver.
  • information communication is performed in one direction (from the sender to the receiver) or in two directions (between the sender and the receiver or between the receivers). It is also possible.
  • FIG. 20B illustrates an example of a laptop personal computer.
  • a laptop personal computer 7200 includes a housing 7211, a keyboard 7212, a pointing device 7213, an external connection port 7214, and the like.
  • a display portion 7000 is incorporated in the housing 7211.
  • the display device of one embodiment of the present invention can be applied to the display portion 7000.
  • FIGS. 20C and 20D show examples of digital signage.
  • a digital signage 7300 illustrated in FIG. 20C includes a housing 7301, a display portion 7000, a speaker 7303, and the like. Furthermore, an LED lamp, operation keys (including a power switch or an operation switch), a connection terminal, various sensors, a microphone, and the like can be provided.
  • FIG. 20D illustrates a digital signage 7400 attached to a columnar column 7401.
  • the digital signage 7400 includes a display portion 7000 provided along the curved surface of the column 7401.
  • the display device of one embodiment of the present invention can be applied to the display portion 7000.
  • the wider the display unit 7000 the more information can be provided at one time.
  • the wider the display unit 7000 the more easily noticeable to the human eye.
  • the advertising effect can be enhanced.
  • a touch panel By applying a touch panel to the display unit 7000, not only an image or a moving image is displayed on the display unit 7000, but also a user can operate intuitively, which is preferable. In addition, when it is used for providing information such as route information or traffic information, usability can be improved by an intuitive operation.
  • the digital signage 7300 or the digital signage 7400 can be linked with the information terminal 7311 or the information terminal 7411 such as a smartphone possessed by the user by wireless communication. Is preferred.
  • advertisement information displayed on the display unit 7000 can be displayed on the screen of the information terminal 7311 or the information terminal 7411. Further, the display on the display unit 7000 can be switched by operating the information terminal 7311 or the information terminal 7411.
  • the digital signage 7300 or the digital signage 7400 can execute a game using the screen of the information terminal 7311 or the information terminal 7411 as an operation means (controller). Thereby, an unspecified number of users can participate and enjoy the game at the same time.
  • the liquid crystal panel is less likely to cause gradation shift even when the voltage changes.
  • the width L of the electrode 41 shown in FIG. 18B3 is 3 ⁇ m, and the slit width (distance S) of the electrode 41 is 4 ⁇ m. Note that the thickness of the insulating layer sandwiched between the electrode 41 and the common electrode was 600 nm.
  • the width L of the electrode 41 shown in FIG. 18 (C3) was 3 ⁇ m, and the slit width (distance S) of the electrode 41 was 4 ⁇ m. Note that the thickness of the insulating layer sandwiched between the electrode 41 and the common electrode was 600 nm.
  • the width L of the electrode 41 and the electrode 43 shown in FIG. 18B1 is 3 ⁇ m, and the distance S between the electrode 41 and the electrode 43 is 7 ⁇ m.
  • the preferable range of the angle formed by the rubbing direction of the alignment film and the direction of the electric field was examined in consideration of the slope of the VT characteristic, the driving voltage, the response speed, and the like.
  • the angle theta p is preferably less than 80 ° greater than 50 °, more preferably less than 60 ° or 80 °, more preferably 60 ° to 70 ° or less.
  • the angle ⁇ n is preferably greater than 10 ° and less than 40 °, more preferably 20 ° or more and less than 40 °, and further preferably 20 ° or more and 30 ° or less.

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Abstract

La présente invention concerne un dispositif d'affichage ayant taux de contraste élevé. Le dispositif d'affichage comprend un premier panneau à cristaux liquides (20A) et un second panneau à cristaux liquides (10A). La lumière ayant traversé le premier panneau à cristaux liquides (20A) est incidente sur le second panneau à cristaux liquides (10A). Le second panneau à cristaux liquides (10A) affiche une image en permettant à la lumière de passer à travers celui-ci. Le premier panneau à cristaux liquides (20A) et le second panneau à cristaux liquides fonctionnent dans des modes mutuellement différents. Par exemple, le premier panneau à cristaux liquides (20A) fonctionne en mode TN, et le second panneau à cristaux liquides fonctionne en mode IPS ou en mode FFS.
PCT/IB2018/051757 2017-03-27 2018-03-16 Dispositif d'affichage, module d'affichage, et appareil électronique Ceased WO2018178795A1 (fr)

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