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WO2018176696A1 - 一种厚板立对接焊接方法 - Google Patents

一种厚板立对接焊接方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018176696A1
WO2018176696A1 PCT/CN2017/093622 CN2017093622W WO2018176696A1 WO 2018176696 A1 WO2018176696 A1 WO 2018176696A1 CN 2017093622 W CN2017093622 W CN 2017093622W WO 2018176696 A1 WO2018176696 A1 WO 2018176696A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
groove
welding
butt
weld
weldment
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Ceased
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PCT/CN2017/093622
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
马金军
江泽新
罗坚
黎剑新
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Guangzhou Shipyard International Co Ltd
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Guangzhou Shipyard International Co Ltd
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Publication of WO2018176696A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018176696A1/zh
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
    • B23K9/16—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
    • B23K9/02—Seam welding; Backing means; Inserts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
    • B23K9/235—Preliminary treatment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
    • B23K2101/18—Sheet panels
    • B23K2101/185—Tailored blanks

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of welding technology, in particular to a thick plate vertical butt welding method.
  • vertical vertical butt welds are generally welded by vertical gas welding.
  • ceramic gaskets or copper gaskets are attached to the back of the butt joints of the plates.
  • the front and back surfaces are formed to complete the welding of the entire butt weld.
  • This welding method is generally suitable for the butt joint with a thickness of less than 32 mm.
  • the thickness of the sheet is greater than 32 mm and the board has special requirements for strength or toughness, it must be welded by CO2 semi-automatic or multi-layer automatic welding.
  • the existing welding methods for thick butt welding have the following defects: 1. For vertical plate welding, if vertical gas welding is used, the requirements for steel plates and filling materials are high. If imported steel plates and filler materials are not used, welding after welding. It is difficult to meet the minimum mechanical performance requirements of the joint, so it will increase the cost of welding, and the operation is difficult, the probability of intermediate arc breaking and welding wear is high, and when the arc is broken or the welding wears, the carbon is needed for the front and back. Planing and repairing greatly reduce the efficiency of welding; 2. During the ship loading stage, the joint gap fluctuates greatly. If the vertical plate is used for vertical gas welding, the welding heat input will also change greatly, which is easy to cause. The mechanical properties of the joints are not up to standard; 3.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a thick plate butt welding method which can effectively improve the welding speed and the quality of the weld.
  • Providing a thick plate vertical butt welding method providing a butt weldment, forming a welding groove on the butt weldment, welding in the groove by using CO2 gas shielded welding to form a weld bottom layer, and adopting vertical gas welding Welding is performed on the weld underlayer to complete the remaining groove fill.
  • the groove is a single-sided groove, the bottom of the groove is located at the back of the butt weldment, and the top of the groove is located on the front side of the butt weldment.
  • the groove is a single-sided V-shaped groove.
  • the angle of the groove is 30° to 45°.
  • a step S11 is further disposed between the step S10 and the step S20, and a lining is attached to the back of the butt weldment and at the bottom of the groove. a pad that blocks the bottom of the groove.
  • a groove is provided on a side of the groove near the groove, and the groove has a width larger than a width of a gap at the bottom of the groove.
  • the groove is an arc-shaped structure that is recessed toward a side away from the groove.
  • the step S40 is further provided, the post-weld treatment is performed, the liner is removed, and the weld bead on both sides of the groove is smoothed until the weld surface and the butt weldment are The surface is flush.
  • the groove of the butt weldment is a double-sided groove.
  • the double-sided groove comprises a front bevel adjacent to the front surface of the butt welding material and a back surface bevel near the back surface of the butt welding material, the bevel angle of the front bevel is 30° to 45°, The groove angle of the back groove is 40° to 50°.
  • the liner is a round bar-shaped liner having a diameter slightly larger than the bottom gap of the groove.
  • the vertical gas welding has a welding current of 400-500 A, a welding voltage of 40-44 V, and a welding speed of 4-8 cm/min.
  • the CO2 gas shielded welding uses a flux-cored wire having a diameter of 1.2 mm, and the model number is E81T1-K2.
  • the vertical gas welding uses a flux-cored wire having a diameter of 1.6 mm, and the grade is DW-S1LG or SC-EG3.
  • the liner is a copper liner or a ceramic liner.
  • the bottom gap of the single-sided groove is 5-16 mm.
  • the bottom gap of the double-sided groove is 5-16 mm.
  • the back surface of the double-sided groove has a depth of 10-15 mm.
  • the butt weldment has a thickness of 32-50 mm.
  • the thick plate vertical butt welding method of the present invention adopts CO2 gas shielded welding to weld the groove first, and can form a bottom layer in the groove and at the bottom or back of the groove to form a weld seam which is difficult to weld, and further
  • the combination of two welding methods for welding thicker butt weldments can not only reduce the operation difficulty, improve the welding quality, but also effectively reduce the heat input of welding.
  • Fig. 1 is a view showing a state in which a single-side groove is formed in a pair of welded parts according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a view showing a state in which a pair of weldments are attached to a gasket according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 3 is a view showing a state of a pair of welded parts during bottom welding according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 4 is a view showing a state in which a butt weldment is welded at the time of cover welding according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 5 is a view showing a state in which a double-sided groove is formed in a butt weldment according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 6 is a view showing a state in which a butt weldment is attached to a gasket according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 7 is a view showing the state of the butt weldment in the case of bottom welding according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 8 is a view showing the state of the butt weldment in the face welding according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
  • 210 butt weldment; 220, gasket; 230, weld bottom layer; 240, weld cover surface layer; 250, double-sided groove; 251, front groove; 252, back groove.
  • Embodiment 1 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment 1:
  • a thick plate vertical butt welding method is provided. Specifically, a butt weldment 110 is provided, and a welding groove is formed on the butt weldment 110, and the CO2 gas shielded welding is used. The weld is formed in the groove to form the weld bottom layer 130, and the remaining groove fill is welded on the weld bottom layer 130 by vertical gas welding to form the weld cover surface layer 140.
  • the CO2 gas shielded welding is used to weld the groove first, and the underlayer 130 can be formed in the groove and at the bottom of the groove to form a weld seam which is difficult to weld, thereby ensuring the welding quality of the vertical gas welding, and the two welding methods are thicker.
  • the welding of the butt weldment 110 can not only reduce the operation difficulty, improve the welding quality, but also effectively reduce the heat input of the welding.
  • the groove is a single-face groove 150
  • the bottom of the groove is located on the back side of the butt weldment 110
  • the top of the groove is located on the front side of the butt weldment 110 to clean the groove
  • a gasket 120 is attached to the bottom of the butt weldment 110 and at the bottom of the groove, and the gasket 120 seals the bottom of the groove;
  • the single-face groove 150 is a single-sided V-shaped groove, the angle of the single-face groove 150 is 30° to 45°, and the CO2 gas shielded welding is a flux-cored wire with a diameter of 1.2 mm, and the model is E81T1.
  • -K2 vertical gas welding with a diameter of 1.6mm flux cored wire, grade DW-SILG or SC-EG3
  • vertical gas welding welding current is 400-500A
  • welding voltage is 40-44V
  • welding speed is 4-8cm /min.
  • the liner 120 is a copper liner or a ceramic liner.
  • the liner 120 is a ceramic liner.
  • a groove 121 is disposed on a side of the gasket 120 near the groove, and the width of the groove 121 is greater than the width of the gap at the bottom of the groove.
  • the groove 121 is an arc-shaped structure that is recessed toward a side away from the groove.
  • the bottom gap of the single-sided groove 150 is 5-16 mm, and the thickness of the butt weldment 110 is 32-50 mm.
  • Embodiment 2 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment 1:
  • a thick plate vertical butt welding method is provided, and specifically, a butt weldment 210 is provided, and a welding groove is formed on the butt weldment 210, and the CO2 gas shielded welding is used.
  • the weld is formed in the groove to form the weld bottom layer 230, and the remaining groove fill is welded on the weld bottom layer by vertical gas welding to form the weld cover surface layer 240.
  • the CO2 gas shielded welding is used to weld the groove first, and the underlayer 230 can be formed in the groove and at the bottom of the groove to form a weld seam which is difficult to weld, thereby ensuring the welding quality of the vertical gas welding, and the two welding methods are thicker.
  • the welding of the butt weldment 210 can not only reduce the operation difficulty, improve the welding quality, but also effectively reduce the heat input of the welding.
  • the butt weldment 210 is provided with a groove, the groove is a double-sided groove 250, which has a front groove 251 near the front surface of the butt weldment 210 and a back groove 252 near the back surface of the butt weldment 210, Cleaning the groove;
  • the liner 220 is a round bar-shaped liner having a diameter slightly larger than the bottom gap of the groove.
  • the bottom of the groove here refers to the intersection of the front groove 251 and the back groove 252, that is, the bottom of the groove is located inside the butt weldment 210.
  • the groove is a double-sided groove 250, and the groove angle of the front groove 251 is 30°. 45°, the groove angle of the back groove 252 is 40° ⁇ 50°, the CO2 gas shielded welding adopts the flux-cored wire with the diameter of 1.2mm, the model number is E81T1-K2, and the vertical gas welding adopts the core of 1.6mm diameter.
  • the welding wire is graded as DW-SILG or SC-EG3.
  • the welding current of vertical gas welding is 400-500A, the welding voltage is 40-44V, and the welding speed is 4-8cm/min.
  • the liner 220 is a copper liner or a ceramic liner.
  • the liner 220 is a copper rod.
  • the bottom gap of the double-sided groove 250 is 5-16 mm
  • the back groove 252 of the double-sided groove 250 has a depth of 10-15 mm
  • the thickness of the butt weldment 210 is 32-50 mm.
  • the present invention has the following advantages:

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Butt Welding And Welding Of Specific Article (AREA)
  • Arc Welding In General (AREA)

Abstract

一种厚板立对接焊接方法，提供对接焊件(110)，在对接焊件(110)上开设焊接用坡口，采用CO2气体保护焊在坡口内进行焊接形成焊缝打底层(130)，采用垂直气电焊在焊缝打底层(130)上焊接完成剩余的坡口填充，形成焊缝盖面层(140)。采用CO2气体保护焊对坡口先进行焊接，可以在坡口内并位于坡口底部或背面形成难以焊穿的焊缝打底层，进而保证后续采用垂直气电焊的焊接质量，两种焊接方式结合对较厚的对接焊件进行焊接不仅可以降低操作难度，提高焊接质量，还可以有效降低焊接的热输入量。

Description

一种厚板立对接焊接方法 技术领域
本发明涉及焊接技术领域，尤其涉及一种厚板立对接焊接方法。
背景技术
在船舶制造行业的预搭载及搭载阶段，对于较长的立对接焊缝一般采用垂直气电焊的方式进行焊接，焊接时，在板材对接坡口的背面贴陶瓷衬垫或铜衬垫，一次焊接正反面成型，完成整个立对接焊缝的焊接，此焊接方式一般适用于板材厚度小于32mm的对接。当板材厚度大于32mm及在强度或韧性方面有特殊要求的板材立对接时，则必须采用CO2半自动或多层多道的自动焊进行焊接。
现有的厚板立对接焊的焊接方式具有以下缺陷：1.厚板焊接如果采用垂直气电焊，对于钢板以及填充材料的要求较高，如果不采用进口的钢板和填充材料，焊接后的焊缝很难达到接头需要的最低的力学性能要求，因此会增加焊接的成本，且操作难度高，中间断弧以及焊穿的概率高，当发生断弧或焊穿时，均需要正反面进行碳刨及补修，极大的降低了焊接的效率；2.船舶搭载阶段，接头间隙波动变化较大，厚板如果采用垂直气电焊，焊接热输入量也会随之大幅度变化，极易造成接头力学性能不达标的情况发生；3.采用半自动或自动CO2气体保护焊时，厚板焊接的层数较多，每层焊接的焊接参数也局限于280A以内，因此焊接效率较低；4.半自动CO2气体保护焊属于手工操作，对于焊工本身的技能、责任心要求较高，焊接时层数需布置合理，过程中产生的夹角或者缺陷必须清除后方能进行下一道焊接，焊接质量稳定性相对较差。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于：提供一种厚板立对接焊接方法，其能有效的提高焊接速度和焊缝的质量。
为达上述目的，本发明采用以下技术方案：
提供一种厚板立对接焊接方法，提供对接焊件，在所述对接焊件上开设焊接用坡口，采用CO2气体保护焊在所述坡口内进行焊接形成焊缝打底层，采用垂直气电焊在所述焊缝打底层上焊接完成剩余的坡口填充。
作为厚板立对接焊接方法的一种优选方案，所述坡口为单面坡口，其坡口底部位于所述对接焊件的背面，其坡口顶部位于所述对接焊件的正面。
优选的，所述坡口为单面V型坡口。
更加优选的，所述坡口的角度为30°～45°。
作为厚板立对接焊接方法的一种优选方案，具体的步骤如下：
S10、前处理，将所述对接焊件开设坡口，对所述坡口进行清理；
S20、打底焊，采用CO2气体保护焊在所述坡口内焊接2～3层形成所述焊缝打底层，所述焊缝打底层的厚度为10～15mm；
S30、盖面焊，采用垂直气电焊对所述坡口未焊接的部分进行焊接，直至整个焊缝焊接完成。
作为厚板立对接焊接方法的一种优选方案，在所述步骤S10与所述步骤S20之间还设置步骤S11、在所述对接焊件的背面并位于所述坡口的底部贴附有衬垫，所述衬垫封堵所述坡口的底部。
作为厚板立对接焊接方法的一种优选方案，所述衬垫靠近所述坡口的一侧设置有凹槽，所述凹槽的宽度大于所述坡口底部的间隙的宽度。
优选的，所述凹槽为朝向远离所述坡口一侧凹设的弧形结构。
作为厚板立对接焊接方法的一种优选方案，所述步骤S30后还设置步骤S40、焊后处理，清除衬垫，磨平坡口两侧的焊缝，直至焊缝表面与对接焊件的表面平齐。
作为厚板立对接焊接方法的一种优选方案，所述对接焊件的坡口为双面坡口。
优选的，所述双面坡口包括靠近所述对接焊材正面的正面坡口和靠近所述对接焊材背面的背面坡口，所述正面坡口的坡口角度为30°～45°，所述背面坡口的坡口角度为40°～50°。
作为厚板立对接焊接方法的一种优选方案，具体步骤如下：
S100、前处理，将所述对接焊件开设坡口，对所述坡口进行清理；
S200、贴衬垫，在所述坡口的正面坡口的底部贴衬垫，使所述坡口的正面坡口与背面坡口不连通；
S300、打底焊，采用CO2气体保护焊在所述坡口的背面坡口内焊接，直至填充完整个所述背面坡口；
S400、清理，清理衬垫和所述正面坡口内的焊渣；
S500、盖面焊，采用垂直气电焊对所述正面坡口进行焊接，直至填充完整个所述正面坡口。
作为厚板立对接焊接方法的一种优选方案，所述衬垫为圆棒状的衬垫，其直径略大于所述坡口的底部间隙。
作为厚板立对接焊接方法的一种优选方案，所述垂直气电焊的焊接电流为400-500A，焊接电压为40-44V，焊接速度为4-8cm/min。
优选的，所述CO2气体保护焊采用直径为1.2mm的药芯焊丝，型号号为E81T1-K2。
所述垂直气电焊采用直径为1.6mm的药芯焊丝，牌号为DW-S1LG或SC-EG3。
更加优选的，所述衬垫为铜衬垫或陶瓷衬垫。
进一步的，所述单面坡口的底部间隙为5-16mm。
进一步的，所述双面坡口的底部间隙为5-16mm。
进一步的，所述双面坡口的背面坡口深度为10-15mm。
进一步的，所述对接焊件的厚度为32-50mm。
本发明的有益效果为：本方案的厚板立对接焊焊接方法采用CO2气体保护焊对坡口先进行焊接，可以在坡口内并位于坡口底部或背部形成难以焊穿的焊缝打底层，进而保证后续采用垂直气电焊的焊接质量，两种焊接方式结合对较厚的对接焊件进行焊接不仅可以降低操作难度，提高焊接质量，还可以有效降低焊接的热输入量。
附图说明
下面根据附图和实施例对本发明作进一步详细说明。
图1为本发明实施例一对接焊件开设单面坡口的状态图。
图2为本发明实施例一对接焊件贴附衬垫的状态图。
图3为本发明实施例一对接焊件在打底焊时的状态图。
图4为本发明实施例一对接焊件在盖面焊时的状态图。
图5为本发明实施例二对接焊件开设双面坡口的状态图。
图6为本发明实施例二对接焊件贴附衬垫的状态图。
图7为本发明实施例二对接焊件在打底焊时的状态图。
图8为本发明实施例二对接焊件在盖面焊时的状态图。
图1-4中：
110、对接焊件；120、衬垫；121、凹槽；130、焊缝打底层；140、焊缝盖面层；150、单面坡口。
图5-8中：
210、对接焊件；220、衬垫；230、焊缝打底层；240、焊缝盖面层；250、双面坡口；251、正面坡口；252、背面坡口。
具体实施方式
为使本发明解决的技术问题、采用的技术方案和达到的技术效果更加清楚，下面将结合附图对本发明实施例的技术方案作进一步的详细描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例一：
如图1至4所示，于本实施例中，提供一种厚板立对接焊接方法，具体的提供对接焊件110，在对接焊件110上开设焊接用坡口，采用CO2气体保护焊在坡口内进行焊接形成焊缝打底层130，采用垂直气电焊在焊缝打底层130上焊接完成剩余的坡口填充，形成焊缝盖面层140。采用CO2气体保护焊对坡口先进行焊接，可以在坡口内并位于坡口底部形成难以焊穿的焊缝打底层130，进而保证后续采用垂直气电焊的焊接质量，两种焊接方式结合对较厚的对接焊件110进行焊接不仅可以降低操作难度，提高焊接质量，还可以有效降低焊接的热输入量。
具体的操作步骤如下：
S10、前处理，将对接焊件110开设坡口，其中，坡口为单面坡口150，其 坡口底部位于对接焊件110的背面，其坡口顶部位于对接焊件110的正面，对坡口进行清理；
S20、在对接焊件110的背面并位于坡口的底部贴附有衬垫120，衬垫120封堵坡口的底部；
S30、打底焊，采用CO2气体保护焊在坡口内焊接2～3层形成焊缝打底层130，焊缝打底层130的厚度为10～15mm；
S40、盖面焊，采用垂直气电焊在焊缝打底层130上焊接完成剩余的坡口填充，以形成焊缝盖面层140；
S50、焊后处理，清除衬垫120，磨平坡口两侧的焊缝，直至焊缝表面与对接焊件110的表面平齐。
在本实施例中，单面坡口150为单面V型坡口，单面坡口150的角度为30°～45°，CO2气体保护焊采用直径为1.2mm的药芯焊丝，型号为E81T1-K2，垂直气电焊采用直径为1.6mm的药芯焊丝，牌号为DW-SILG或SC-EG3，垂直气电焊的焊接电流为400-500A，焊接电压为40-44V，焊接速度为4-8cm/min。
优选的，衬垫120为铜衬垫或陶瓷衬垫，在本实施例中，衬垫120为陶瓷衬垫。
进一步的，衬垫120靠近坡口的一侧设置有凹槽121，凹槽121的宽度大于坡口底部的间隙的宽度。通过在衬垫120上设置凹槽121，可以为焊接提供焊缝溢流空间和导热空间，有效的防止了焊缝处产生气泡，提高了焊缝的质量。优选的，凹槽121为朝向远离坡口一侧凹设的弧形结构。
优选的，单面坡口150的底部间隙为5-16mm，对接焊件110的厚度为32-50mm。
实施例二：
如图5至8所示，于本实施例中，提供一种厚板立对接焊接方法，具体的提供对接焊件210，在对接焊件210上开设焊接用坡口，采用CO2气体保护焊在坡口内进行焊接形成焊缝打底层230，采用垂直气电焊在焊缝打底层上焊接完成剩余的坡口填充，以形成焊缝盖面层240。采用CO2气体保护焊对坡口先进行焊接，可以在坡口内并位于坡口底部形成难以焊穿的焊缝打底层230，进而保证后续采用垂直气电焊的焊接质量，两种焊接方式结合对较厚的对接焊件210进行焊接不仅可以降低操作难度，提高焊接质量，还可以有效降低焊接的热输入量。
具体的操作步骤如下：
S100、前处理，将对接焊件210开设坡口，坡口为双面坡口250，其具有靠近对接焊件210正面的正面坡口251和靠近对接焊件210背面的背面坡口252，对坡口进行清理；
S200、贴衬垫220，在坡口的正面坡口251的底部贴衬垫220，使坡口的正面坡口251与背面坡口252不连通；
S300、打底焊，采用CO2气体保护焊在坡口的背面坡口252内焊接，直至填充完整个背面坡口252；
S400、清理，清理衬垫220和正面坡口251内的焊渣；
S500、盖面焊，采用垂直气电焊对正面坡口251进行焊接，直至填充完整个正面坡口251。
在本实施例中，衬垫220为圆棒状的衬垫，其直径略大于坡口的底部间隙。此处的坡口的底部是指正面坡口251和背面坡口252交接处，即坡口的底部位于对接焊件210的内部。
在本实施例中，坡口为双面坡口250，正面坡口251的坡口角度为30°～ 45°，背面坡口252的坡口角度为40°～50°，CO2气体保护焊采用直径为1.2mm的药芯焊丝，型号号为E81T1-K2，垂直气电焊采用直径为1.6mm的药芯焊丝，牌号为DW-SILG或SC-EG3，垂直气电焊的焊接电流为400-500A，焊接电压为40-44V，焊接速度为4-8cm/min。
优选的，衬垫220为铜衬垫或陶瓷衬垫，在本实施例中，衬垫220为铜棒。
更加优选的，双面坡口250的底部间隙为5-16mm，双面坡口250的背面坡口252深度为10-15mm，对接焊件210的厚度为32-50mm。
相对于现有技术，本发明具有以下优点：
1、现有技术对于厚板如果采用垂直气电焊，焊接操作难度大，焊接停弧造成的接头增多，焊接质量合格率下降，也增加了焊缝返修量，而本方案在坡口底部首先采用了CO2气体保护焊，避免了背面焊穿的情况，焊接操作难度降低，无论外观还是内部质量均得到了提高；
2、如果现有厚板采用CO2气体保护焊，则焊接效率低，焊接质量依靠操作者的责任心及技能，不稳定性增加，而本方案只有一小部分采用CO2气体保护焊，大部分采用垂直气电焊进行焊接，有效提高了效率，并降低了焊缝质量的不稳定性；
3、对于一些特殊的钢板如E或EH级别钢，或者对于低温韧性或强度有更高要求的钢板焊接，厚板如果直接采用垂直气电焊，焊后接头的力学性能难以达到规范的要求，必须要求钢板及填充材料的热输入量符合要求，而这种材料都需要进口，无形中增加了材料成本；而本方案部分采用CO2气体保护焊，部分采用垂直气电焊，降低了部分热输入量，且有利于根部的低温韧性，有效的保证了接头的力学性能。
以上结合具体实施例描述了本发明的技术原理。这些描述只是为了解释本 发明的原理，而不能以任何方式解释为对本发明保护范围的限制。基于此处的解释，本领域的技术人员不需要付出创造性的劳动即可联想到本发明的其它具体实施方式，这些方式都将落入本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种厚板立对接焊接方法，其特征在于，提供对接焊件，在所述对接焊件上开设焊接用坡口，采用CO2气体保护焊在所述坡口内进行焊接形成焊缝打底层，采用垂直气电焊在所述焊缝打底层上焊接完成剩余的坡口填充。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的厚板立对接焊接方法，其特征在于，所述坡口为单面坡口，其坡口底部位于所述对接焊件的背面，其坡口顶部位于所述对接焊件的正面。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的厚板立对接焊接方法，其特征在于，具体的步骤如下：
    S10、前处理，将所述对接焊件开设坡口，对所述坡口进行清理；
    S20、打底焊，采用CO2气体保护焊在所述坡口内焊接2～3层形成所述焊缝打底层，所述焊缝打底层的厚度为10～15mm；
    S30、盖面焊，采用垂直气电焊对所述坡口未焊接的部分进行焊接，直至整个焊缝焊接完成。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的厚板立对接焊接方法，其特征在于，在所述步骤S10与所述步骤S20之间还设置步骤S11、在所述对接焊件的背面并位于所述坡口的底部贴附有衬垫，所述衬垫封堵所述坡口的底部。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的厚板立对接焊接方法，其特征在于，所述衬垫靠近所述坡口的一侧设置有凹槽，所述凹槽的宽度大于所述坡口底部的间隙的宽度。
  6. 根据权利要求3所述的厚板立对接焊接方法，其特征在于，所述步骤S30后还设置步骤S40、焊后处理，清除衬垫，磨平坡口两侧的焊缝，直至焊缝表面与对接焊件的表面平齐。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的厚板立对接焊接方法，其特征在于，所述对接焊件的坡口为双面坡口。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的厚板立对接焊接方法，其特征在于，具体步骤如下：
    S100、前处理，将所述对接焊件开设坡口，对所述坡口进行清理；
    S200、贴衬垫，在所述坡口的正面坡口的底部贴衬垫，使所述坡口的正面坡口与背面坡口不连通；
    S300、打底焊，采用CO2气体保护焊在所述坡口的背面坡口内焊接，直至填充完整个所述背面坡口；
    S400、清理，清理衬垫和所述正面坡口内的焊渣；
    S500、盖面焊，采用垂直气电焊对所述正面坡口进行焊接，直至填充完整个所述正面坡口。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的厚板立对接焊接方法，其特征在于，所述衬垫为圆棒状的衬垫，其直径略大于所述坡口的底部间隙。
  10. 根据权利要求1至9任一项所述的厚板立对接焊接方法，其特征在于，所述垂直气电焊的焊接电流为400-500A，焊接电压为40-44V，焊接速度为4-8cm/min。
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