WO2018173617A1 - 塗液含浸シート状強化繊維束およびシート状一体物の製造方法、塗工装置 - Google Patents
塗液含浸シート状強化繊維束およびシート状一体物の製造方法、塗工装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2018173617A1 WO2018173617A1 PCT/JP2018/006478 JP2018006478W WO2018173617A1 WO 2018173617 A1 WO2018173617 A1 WO 2018173617A1 JP 2018006478 W JP2018006478 W JP 2018006478W WO 2018173617 A1 WO2018173617 A1 WO 2018173617A1
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- sheet
- fiber bundle
- reinforcing fiber
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- coating
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
- B29B15/00—Pretreatment of the material to be shaped, not covered by groups B29B7/00 - B29B13/00
- B29B15/08—Pretreatment of the material to be shaped, not covered by groups B29B7/00 - B29B13/00 of reinforcements or fillers
- B29B15/10—Coating or impregnating independently of the moulding or shaping step
- B29B15/12—Coating or impregnating independently of the moulding or shaping step of reinforcements of indefinite length
- B29B15/122—Coating or impregnating independently of the moulding or shaping step of reinforcements of indefinite length with a matrix in liquid form, e.g. as melt, solution or latex
- B29B15/125—Coating or impregnating independently of the moulding or shaping step of reinforcements of indefinite length with a matrix in liquid form, e.g. as melt, solution or latex by dipping
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D1/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D1/18—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials performed by dipping
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
- B29B11/00—Making preforms
- B29B11/14—Making preforms characterised by structure or composition
- B29B11/16—Making preforms characterised by structure or composition comprising fillers or reinforcement
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/24—Impregnating materials with prepolymers which can be polymerised in situ, e.g. manufacture of prepregs
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06B—TREATING TEXTILE MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS, GASES OR VAPOURS
- D06B3/00—Passing of textile materials through liquids, gases or vapours to effect treatment, e.g. washing, dyeing, bleaching, sizing, impregnating
- D06B3/04—Passing of textile materials through liquids, gases or vapours to effect treatment, e.g. washing, dyeing, bleaching, sizing, impregnating of yarns, threads or filaments
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05C—APPARATUS FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05C3/00—Apparatus in which the work is brought into contact with a bulk quantity of liquid or other fluent material
- B05C3/02—Apparatus in which the work is brought into contact with a bulk quantity of liquid or other fluent material the work being immersed in the liquid or other fluent material
- B05C3/12—Apparatus in which the work is brought into contact with a bulk quantity of liquid or other fluent material the work being immersed in the liquid or other fluent material for treating work of indefinite length
- B05C3/15—Apparatus in which the work is brought into contact with a bulk quantity of liquid or other fluent material the work being immersed in the liquid or other fluent material for treating work of indefinite length not supported on conveying means
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
- B29K2105/06—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts
- B29K2105/08—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts of continuous length, e.g. cords, rovings, mats, fabrics, strands or yarns
- B29K2105/0872—Prepregs
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06B—TREATING TEXTILE MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS, GASES OR VAPOURS
- D06B3/00—Passing of textile materials through liquids, gases or vapours to effect treatment, e.g. washing, dyeing, bleaching, sizing, impregnating
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06B—TREATING TEXTILE MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS, GASES OR VAPOURS
- D06B5/00—Forcing liquids, gases or vapours through textile materials to effect treatment, e.g. washing, dyeing, bleaching, sizing impregnating
- D06B5/02—Forcing liquids, gases or vapours through textile materials to effect treatment, e.g. washing, dyeing, bleaching, sizing impregnating through moving materials of indefinite length
- D06B5/06—Forcing liquids, gases or vapours through textile materials to effect treatment, e.g. washing, dyeing, bleaching, sizing impregnating through moving materials of indefinite length through yarns, threads or filaments
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a coating liquid-impregnated sheet-like reinforcing fiber bundle and a manufacturing method of a sheet-like integrated body, and a coating apparatus, and more particularly, to a method and apparatus for uniformly impregnating a sheet-like reinforcing fiber bundle with a coating liquid.
- Fiber Reinforced Composite Material (FRP) reinforced with matrix resin including thermoplastic resin and thermosetting resin with reinforced fiber is aerospace material, automotive material, industrial material, pressure vessel, building material, housing, medical It is used in various fields such as applications and sports applications.
- CFRP carbon fiber reinforced composite materials
- GFRP glass fiber reinforced composite material
- FRP a reinforcing fiber bundle is impregnated with a matrix resin to obtain an intermediate substrate, which is laminated and molded, and when a thermosetting resin is used, it is thermoset to manufacture a member made of FRP.
- a two-dimensional sheet material is more suitable for producing a member than a one-dimensional strand or roving object. Widely used from the viewpoint of stacking efficiency and formability.
- the narrow-width tape-like intermediate base material is suitably used.
- the narrow tape-shaped intermediate substrate can be obtained by slicing a wide sheet-shaped intermediate substrate with a desired width, or by impregnating a matrix resin directly into a narrow sheet-shaped reinforcing fiber bundle.
- a two-dimensional sheet-like intermediate base material As a two-dimensional sheet-like intermediate base material, a wide range of prepregs in which a matrix resin is impregnated into a sheet-like reinforcing fiber bundle in which reinforcing fibers are arranged in one direction are widely used.
- the sheet-like reinforcing fiber bundle used for the prepreg include a unidirectional reinforcing fiber bundle in which reinforcing fibers are arranged in one direction to form a sheet and a woven fabric arranged in multiple directions.
- a unidirectionally arranged reinforcing fiber bundle is often used.
- the hot melt method which is one of the prepreg manufacturing methods, melts the matrix resin, coats it on the release paper, creates a laminated structure that sandwiches the upper and lower surfaces of the sheet-like reinforcing fiber bundle, The matrix resin is impregnated inside the sheet-like reinforcing fiber bundle by pressure.
- This method has a problem in that the number of steps is large, the production speed cannot be increased, and the cost is high.
- Patent Document 1 For improving the efficiency of impregnation, there has been a proposal as disclosed in Patent Document 1, for example. This was a method in which glass fiber was melt-spun, and the fibers were bundled into strands or rovings and passed through a liquid reservoir having a conical channel filled with a thermoplastic resin.
- Patent Document 2 discloses a method for forming a coating film on both surfaces of a sheet-like material at the same time, but this prevents the sheet-like material from fluctuating when forming a coating film. Then, coating is performed with a pipe-type doctor.
- Patent Document 3 As a manufacturing method of a strip-shaped prepreg using a thermoplastic resin, a horizontal pulling method in which a strip-shaped reinforcing fiber bundle is conveyed in a horizontal direction (lateral direction), passed through a die, and a thermoplastic resin is applied to and impregnated with the strip-shaped reinforcing fiber bundle ( Patent Document 3, Patent Document 4, etc.) are known.
- Patent Document 3 tape-shaped reinforcing fibers are passed through a crosshead (FIG. 2 of Patent Document 3), and resin is applied to the tape-shaped reinforcing fiber bundle immediately before the linear die portion in the crosshead.
- Patent Document 4 a plurality of band-like reinforcing fiber bundles are separately introduced into a die filled with molten thermoplastic resin, and opened, impregnated, and laminated by a fixed guide (for example, a squeeze bar). It is described that the sheet is extracted from a die as a sheet-like prepreg.
- Patent Document 1 can produce only strands and rovings, and cannot be applied to the production of a sheet-like prepreg that is the subject of the present invention. Further, in Patent Document 1, in order to improve the impregnation efficiency, a turbulent flow is positively generated in the conical channel by applying a fluid of a thermoplastic resin to the side surfaces of the strands or roving-like reinforcing fiber bundles. It is thought that this is intended to partly disturb the array of reinforcing fiber bundles and allow the matrix resin to flow in.
- the sheet-like material in Patent Document 2 is a film, cloth, paper, foil, punching plate, net-like sheet material, and the like, and the unidirectionally arranged reinforcing fiber bundle that is the object of the present invention is not intended. If the technique of Patent Document 2 is applied to a unidirectionally arranged reinforcing fiber bundle made of carbon fibers, fuzz is generated by rubbing with a web guide, and it is considered that the unidirectionally arranged reinforcing fiber bundle is difficult to run. Moreover, the technique of patent document 2 is resin coating and impregnation is not intended.
- fluff is likely to stay in the liquid reservoir during continuous production, and the fluff is likely to be clogged at the withdrawal portion.
- the frequency of clogging of the fluff is greatly increased, so that the production can be performed only at a very low speed, and the productivity does not increase.
- the die portion needs to be sealed to prevent liquid leakage, and it is not sufficient to collect fluff during continuous production.
- An object of the present invention relates to a method for producing a coating liquid-impregnated sheet-like reinforcing fiber bundle, which can suppress the occurrence of fluff and can be continuously produced without clogging the fluff. Further, the coating liquid is efficiently applied to the sheet-like reinforcing fiber bundle. It is an object of the present invention to provide a method and a coating apparatus for producing a coating liquid-impregnated sheet-like reinforcing fiber bundle that can be impregnated to increase the production rate.
- the method for producing a coating liquid-impregnated sheet-like reinforcing fiber bundle of the present invention that solves the above-described problem is substantially obtained by providing a sheet-like reinforcing fiber bundle in which reinforcing fibers are arranged in one direction inside the coating part in which the coating liquid is stored.
- the liquid reservoir has a portion where the cross-sectional area continuously decreases along the travel direction of the sheet-like reinforcing fiber bundle, the narrowed portion has a slit-shaped cross section, and is higher than the upper surface of the liquid reservoir.
- the present invention is a method for producing the coating liquid-impregnated sheet-like reinforcing fiber bundle that is heated to the sheet-like reinforcing fiber bundle and then led to the liquid reservoir.
- the present invention is a method for producing the coating liquid-impregnated sheet-like reinforcing fiber bundle which is smoothed on the sheet-like reinforcing fiber bundle and then led to the liquid reservoir.
- the method for producing a sheet-like monolith of the present invention is obtained by obtaining a coating liquid-impregnated sheet-like reinforcing fiber bundle by the above-described method for producing a coating-liquid-impregnated sheet-like reinforcing fiber bundle, and obtaining the obtained coating liquid-impregnated sheet-like reinforcing fiber
- This is a method for producing a sheet-like integrated product in which a release sheet is applied to at least one surface of the bundle to form a sheet-like integrated product, and then the sheet-like integrated product is taken up.
- the present invention is a method for manufacturing a sheet-like integral product in which additional impregnation is performed after the above-mentioned sheet-like integral product is formed.
- the coating apparatus of the present invention is a coating apparatus that applies a coating liquid to a sheet-like reinforcing fiber bundle in which reinforcing fibers are arranged in one direction, and the sheet-like reinforcing fiber bundle is substantially downward in the vertical direction.
- a traveling mechanism for traveling; and a coating mechanism wherein the coating mechanism is capable of storing a coating liquid therein, and further includes a liquid reservoir portion and a constricted portion that are communicated with each other, and the liquid reservoir portion includes a sheet A portion having a continuously decreasing cross-sectional area along the traveling direction of the fiber-like reinforcing fiber bundle, the narrowed portion has a slit-like cross section, and has a cross-sectional area smaller than the upper surface of the liquid reservoir Device.
- a mechanism for arranging reinforcing fibers to form a sheet-like reinforcing fiber bundle a mechanism for heating the sheet-like reinforcing fiber bundle, the coating device, the release sheet supply device, the nip roll and / or the S-shaped roll and the winder are provided. It is the manufacturing apparatus of the sheet-like integrated object provided.
- the method for producing a coating liquid-impregnated sheet-like reinforcing fiber bundle of the present invention clogging due to fluff can be significantly suppressed and prevented. Furthermore, it becomes possible to run the sheet-like reinforcing fiber bundle continuously and at high speed, and the productivity of the sheet-like reinforcing fiber bundle to which the coating liquid is applied is improved.
- FIG. 4a It is a schematic cross-sectional view which shows the manufacturing method and coating apparatus of the coating liquid impregnation sheet-like reinforcement fiber bundle which concern on one Embodiment of this invention. It is the detailed cross-sectional view which expanded the part of the application part 20 in FIG. It is the bottom view which looked at the application part 20 in FIG. 2 from the direction of A of FIG. It is sectional drawing explaining the structure inside an application part at the time of seeing the application part 20 in FIG. 2 from the direction of B of FIG. It is sectional drawing showing the flow of the coating liquid 2 in the clearance gap 26 in FIG. 4a. It is a figure which shows the example of installation of a width control mechanism. It is a detailed cross-sectional view of the application part 20b of embodiment different from FIG.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a method and apparatus for producing a coating liquid-impregnated sheet-like reinforcing fiber bundle according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the coating apparatus 100 is provided between the transport rolls 13 and 14 and the transport rolls 13 and 14 which are travel mechanisms that cause the sheet-like reinforcing fiber bundle 1a to travel substantially vertically downward Z, and is an application mechanism.
- An application unit 20 in which the coating liquid 2 is stored is provided.
- An arrangement device 12 for obtaining an arrangement) and a winding device 15 for the coating liquid-impregnated sheet-like reinforcing fiber bundle 1b, and although not shown, the coating device 100 is provided with a coating liquid supply device. Yes.
- a release sheet supply device 16 that supplies the release sheet 3 may be provided as necessary.
- examples of the reinforcing fiber 1 include carbon fiber, glass fiber, metal fiber, metal oxide fiber, metal nitride fiber, organic fiber (aramid fiber, polybenzoxazole fiber, polyvinyl alcohol fiber, polyethylene fiber, and the like). However, it is preferable to use carbon fiber from the viewpoint of the mechanical properties and lightness of FRP.
- the sheet-like reinforcing fiber bundle arranged in one direction means a plurality of reinforcing fibers arranged on the surface in one direction, and the plurality of reinforcing fibers are not necessarily integrated by being entangled with each other. There is no need to be. That is, according to the production method of the present invention, after the application of the coating liquid, it is obtained as a sheet-like material impregnated with the coating liquid. Therefore, the reinforcing fiber is referred to as a sheet-like reinforcing fiber bundle for convenience.
- the resin-impregnated sheet-like material in which the reinforcing fibers are arranged in one direction serves as a base material for FRP called “unidirectional material” or “UD material” in the composite material industry.
- the thickness and width of the sheet-like reinforcing fiber bundle are not particularly limited, and can be appropriately selected according to the purpose and application.
- carbon fibers generally, about 1,000 to 1,000,000 single fibers gathered in a tape form are called “tows”. These tows are arranged to form sheet-like reinforcing fibers. A bundle can be obtained, but the tows may be laminated in the thickness direction.
- the sheet-like reinforcing fiber bundle preferably has an aspect ratio defined by its width / thickness of 10 or more because it is easy to handle.
- one tape-like “tow” is also considered as one form of the sheet-like reinforcing fiber bundle.
- a known method can be used for forming the sheet-like reinforcing fiber bundle, and there is no particular limitation.
- a reinforcing fiber bundle in which single fibers are arranged in advance is formed, and the reinforcing fiber bundle is further arranged. It is preferable to form a sheet-like reinforcing fiber bundle from the viewpoint of process efficiency and uniform arrangement.
- “tow”, which is a tape-shaped reinforcing fiber bundle is wound around a bobbin, and the tape-shaped reinforcing fiber bundle drawn out from this is arranged to form a sheet-shaped reinforcing fiber bundle.
- the reinforcing fiber bundles pulled out from the bobbins subjected to creel are arranged in an orderly manner, and the reinforcing fiber arrangement mechanism for eliminating undesirable overlapping and folding of the reinforcing fiber bundles and gaps between the reinforcing fiber bundles in the sheet-like reinforcing fiber bundle It is preferable to have.
- the reinforcing fiber arrangement mechanism a known roller, a comb arrangement apparatus, or the like can be used. It is also useful from the viewpoint of reducing the gaps between the reinforcing fibers to stack a plurality of sheet-like reinforcing fiber bundles arranged in advance.
- the creel is preferably provided with a tension control mechanism when pulling out the reinforcing fibers.
- the tension control mechanism a known mechanism can be used, and examples thereof include a brake mechanism. The tension can also be controlled by adjusting the yarn path guide.
- the uniformity of the coating amount in an application part can be improved by making the surface smoothness of a sheet-like reinforcing fiber bundle high. For this reason, after smoothing a sheet-like reinforcing fiber bundle, it is preferable to guide to the liquid reservoir.
- the smoothing method is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a method of physically pressing with a facing roll or the like, a method of moving reinforcing fibers using an air flow, and the like.
- a method of physically pressing is preferable because it is simple and hardly disturbs the arrangement of the reinforcing fibers. More specifically, calendar processing or the like can be used.
- a method using an air flow is preferable because it not only hardly causes abrasion but also has an effect of widening the sheet-like reinforcing fiber bundle.
- ⁇ Wide sheet bundle reinforcement> In the present invention, after the sheet-like reinforcing fiber bundle is widened, it is also preferable to guide the bundle to the liquid reservoir from the viewpoint of efficiently producing a thin prepreg.
- the widening method is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a method of mechanically imparting vibration and a method of expanding the reinforcing fiber bundle by an air flow.
- a method of mechanically applying vibration there is a method of bringing a sheet-like reinforcing fiber bundle into contact with a vibrating roll, as described in, for example, JP-A-2015-22799.
- the vibration direction if the traveling direction of the sheet-like reinforcing fiber bundle is the X-axis, it is preferable to apply vibration in the Y-axis direction (horizontal direction) and the Z-axis direction (vertical direction). It is also preferable to use a combination of rolls. In addition, it is preferable to provide a plurality of protrusions on the surface of the vibrating roll because it is possible to suppress the abrasion of reinforcing fibers with the roll.
- a method using an air flow for example, SEN-I GAKKAISHI, vol. 64, P-262-267 (2008). The described method can be used.
- the sheet-like reinforcing fiber bundle is preferably heated up to the vicinity of the coating liquid temperature.
- a heating means for this purpose air heating, infrared heating, far infrared heating, laser heating, contact heating, heating medium heating (steam, etc.)
- Various means can be used. Among them, infrared heating is preferable because the apparatus is simple and the sheet-like reinforcing fiber bundle sheet can be directly heated, so that it can be efficiently heated to a desired temperature even when the traveling speed is high.
- the coating liquid used by this invention can be suitably selected according to the objective to provide, when applying, for example to manufacture of a sheet-like prepreg, the coating liquid of a matrix resin can be used.
- the coating liquid-impregnated sheet-like reinforcing fiber bundle coated with the matrix resin obtained by the present invention is in a state in which the sheet-like reinforcing fiber bundle is impregnated with the matrix resin, and is directly laminated and molded as a sheet-like prepreg to form a member made of FRP. Can be obtained.
- the degree of impregnation can be controlled by the design of the application part and the additional impregnation after application.
- the matrix resin As a matrix resin, it can select suitably according to a use, however, It is common to use a thermoplastic resin and a thermosetting resin.
- the matrix resin may be a molten resin that is heated and melted or a coating solution at room temperature. Further, it may be a solution or varnished using a solvent.
- those generally used for FRP such as a thermoplastic resin, a thermosetting resin, and a photocurable resin can be used. Further, these may be used as they are at room temperature, and may be used as they are at room temperature. If they are solid or viscous liquid at room temperature, they may be heated to lower viscosity, or melted and used as a melt, or solvent. It may be dissolved in a solution or used as a varnish.
- the thermoplastic resin is selected from carbon / carbon bond, amide bond, imide bond, ester bond, ether bond, carbonate bond, urethane bond, urea bond, thioether bond, sulfone bond, imidazole bond, and carbonyl bond in the main chain.
- a polymer having a bond can be used.
- PPS, PES, PI, PEI, PSU, PEEK, PEKK, PEAK, and the like are suitable for fields requiring heat resistance such as aircraft use.
- polyolefins such as polypropylene (PP), PA, polyester, PPS and the like are suitable for industrial use and automobile use in order to increase molding efficiency.
- PP polypropylene
- PA polypropylene
- polyester polypropylene
- PPS polystyrene
- polymers or oligomers or monomers may be used for low viscosity and low temperature application.
- these may be copolymerized depending on the purpose, and various types may be mixed and used as a polymer blend / alloy.
- thermosetting resins examples include epoxy resins, maleimide resins, polyimide resins, acetylene-terminated resins, vinyl-terminated resins, allyl-terminated resins, nadic acid-terminated resins, and cyanate ester-terminated resins. It is done. These can generally be used in combination with a curing agent or a curing catalyst. Moreover, it is also possible to mix and use these thermosetting resins as appropriate.
- thermosetting resin suitable for the present invention an epoxy resin is suitably used because of its excellent heat resistance, chemical resistance and mechanical properties.
- an epoxy resin having an amine, a phenol, or a compound having a carbon / carbon double bond as a precursor is preferable.
- epoxy resins having amines as precursors various isomers of tetraglycidyldiaminodiphenylmethane, triglycidyl-p-aminophenol, triglycidyl-m-aminophenol, triglycidylaminocresol, and phenols are used as precursors.
- epoxy resin As a precursor epoxy resin, bisphenol A type epoxy resin, bisphenol F type epoxy resin, bisphenol S type epoxy resin, phenol novolac type epoxy resin, cresol novolac type epoxy resin, a compound having a carbon-carbon double bond and a precursor
- the epoxy resin include, but are not limited to, alicyclic epoxy resins. Brominated epoxy resins obtained by brominating these epoxy resins are also used.
- An epoxy resin having an aromatic amine represented by tetraglycidyldiaminodiphenylmethane as a precursor is most suitable for the present invention because it has good heat resistance and good adhesion to reinforcing fibers.
- thermosetting resin is preferably used in combination with a curing agent.
- the curing agent can be used as long as it is a compound having an active group capable of reacting with an epoxy group.
- a compound having an amino group, an acid anhydride group, or an azide group is suitable.
- dicyandiamide, various isomers of diaminodiphenylsulfone, and aminobenzoic acid esters are suitable.
- dicyandiamide is preferably used because it has excellent prepreg storage stability.
- Various isomers of diaminodiphenylsulfone are most suitable for the present invention because they give a cured product having good heat resistance.
- trimethylene glycol di-p-aminobenzoate and neopentyl glycol di-p-aminobenzoate are preferably used. Although they are inferior in heat resistance to diaminodiphenyl sulfone, they have low tensile strength. Since it is excellent, it is selected and used according to the application. Of course, if necessary, a curing catalyst can be used. In addition, in order to improve the pot life of the coating liquid, a complexing agent capable of forming a complex with a curing agent or a curing catalyst can be used in combination.
- thermosetting resin it is also preferable to mix a thermoplastic resin with a thermosetting resin.
- a mixture of a thermosetting resin and a thermoplastic resin gives better results than when the thermosetting resin is used alone. This is because, while thermosetting resins generally have fragile defects, low pressure molding by autoclave is possible, whereas thermoplastic resins generally have the advantage of being tough, but low pressure molding by autoclave is difficult. This is because, in order to show the contradictory characteristics, there is a balance between physical properties and moldability by using a mixture of these.
- the thermosetting resin is contained in an amount of more than 50% by mass from the viewpoint of the mechanical properties of the FRP obtained by curing the prepreg.
- ⁇ Polymer particles> it is preferable to use a coating liquid containing polymer particles because the toughness and impact resistance of the resulting CFRP can be improved.
- the glass transition temperature (Tg) or the melting point (Tm) of the polymer particles is higher by 20 ° C. or more than the coating solution temperature because the shape of the polymer particles can be easily maintained in the coating solution.
- the Tg of the polymer particles can be measured using temperature-modulated DSC under the following conditions.
- the temperature modulation DSC apparatus Q1000 manufactured by TA Instruments is suitable, and can be used after being calibrated with high-purity indium in a nitrogen atmosphere.
- the measurement conditions can be a temperature rise rate of 2 ° C./min, a temperature modulation condition of a period of 60 seconds, and an amplitude of 1 ° C.
- the reversible component is separated from the total heat flow thus obtained, and the temperature at the midpoint of the step signal can be set as Tg.
- Tm can be measured by a normal DSC at a temperature rising rate of 10 ° C./min, and the peak top temperature of the peak signal corresponding to melting can be set as Tm.
- the polymer particles do not dissolve in the coating liquid.
- polymer particles for example, appropriate ones can be used with reference to the description in the pamphlet of WO2009 / 142231. More specifically, polyamide and polyimide can be preferably used, and polyamide which can greatly improve impact resistance due to excellent toughness is most preferable.
- nylon 12, nylon 11, nylon 6, nylon 66, nylon 6/12 copolymer, and an epoxy compound described in Example 1 of JP-A-01-104624 are semi-IPN (polymer interpenetrating network structure).
- Nylon (semi-IPN nylon) or the like can be suitably used.
- the shape of the thermoplastic resin particles may be spherical particles, non-spherical particles, or porous particles, but the spherical shape is particularly preferable in the production method of the present invention because it does not deteriorate the flow characteristics of the resin. Moreover, if it is spherical, there is no starting point of stress concentration, and this is also a preferable aspect in that it provides high impact resistance.
- polyamide particles include SP-500, SP-10, TR-1, TR-2, 842P-48, 842P-80 (above, manufactured by Toray Industries, Inc.), “Orgasol (registered trademark)” 1002D. , 2001UD, 2001EXD, 2002D, 3202D, 3501D, 3502D (above, manufactured by Arkema Co., Ltd.), “Grillamide (registered trademark)” TR90 (manufactured by Mzavelke Co., Ltd.), “TROGAMID (registered trademark)” CX7321, CX9701 CX9704 (made by Degussa Co., Ltd.) and the like can be used. These polyamide particles may be used alone or in combination.
- the number average particle diameter of the polymer particles is preferably in the range of 5 to 50 ⁇ m, more preferably in the range of 7 to 40 ⁇ m, and still more preferably in the range of 10 to 30 ⁇ m.
- the number average particle size is set to 5 ⁇ m or more, the particles do not penetrate into the bundle of reinforcing fibers and can remain in the interlayer resin layer of the obtained fiber-reinforced composite material.
- the number average particle size By setting the number average particle size to 50 ⁇ m or less, the thickness of the matrix resin layer on the surface of the prepreg can be optimized, and thus the fiber mass content can be optimized in the obtained CFRP.
- the coating liquid used in the present invention it is preferable to select an optimum viscosity from the viewpoint of process passability and stability. Specifically, it is preferable that the viscosity is in the range of 1 to 60 Pa ⁇ s because liquid dripping at the outlet of the narrowed portion can be suppressed and high-speed running property and stable running property of the sheet-like reinforcing fiber bundle can be improved.
- the viscosity means a viscosity measured at a coating liquid temperature in a liquid reservoir at a strain rate of 3.14 s ⁇ 1 .
- a viscoelasticity measuring device such as a parallel disk type or a cone type can be used.
- the viscosity of the coating solution is more preferably 10 to 30 Pa ⁇ s.
- the method of applying the coating liquid 2 in the coating apparatus 100 to the sheet-like reinforcing fiber bundle 1 a is obtained by applying a plurality of reinforcing fibers 1 unwound from the creel 11 by the arranging apparatus 12.
- the sheet-like reinforcing fiber bundle 1a is passed through the application section 20 in the substantially downward Z direction in the vertical direction, and the sheet-like reinforcing fiber bundle 1a.
- the coating liquid 2 is applied to both sides of the film. Thereby, the coating liquid impregnated sheet-like reinforcing fiber bundle 1b can be obtained.
- the release sheet 3 is applied to at least one surface of the coating liquid-impregnated sheet-like reinforcing fiber bundle 1b, and the coating liquid-impregnated sheet-like reinforcing fiber bundle 1b and the release sheet 3 are simultaneously wound up by the winding device 15. May be.
- the release sheet 3 can prevent a part of the coating liquid 2 on the surface of the coating liquid-impregnated sheet-like reinforcing fiber bundle 1 b from being transferred to the transport roll 14. Furthermore, adhesion between the coating liquid-impregnated sheet-like reinforcing fiber bundles 1b can be prevented, and handling in the subsequent process becomes easy.
- the release sheet is not particularly limited as long as it exhibits the above-described effects, and examples thereof include a release paper and a release agent applied to the surface of an organic polymer film.
- FIG. 2 is an enlarged detailed cross-sectional view of the coating portion 20 in FIG.
- the application unit 20 includes wall surface members 21a and 21b that face each other with a predetermined gap D therebetween, and the cross-sectional area between the wall surface members 21a and 21b is vertically downward Z (that is, the traveling direction of the sheet-like reinforcing fiber bundle).
- Z that is, the traveling direction of the sheet-like reinforcing fiber bundle.
- a slit-like constriction 23 having a cross-sectional area smaller than the cross-sectional area is formed.
- the sheet-like reinforcing fiber bundles 1a are arranged in the depth direction of the paper surface.
- the sheet-like reinforcing fiber bundle 1 a introduced into the liquid reservoir 22 travels vertically downward Z with the surrounding coating liquid 2.
- the cross-sectional area of the liquid reservoir 22 decreases in the vertical downward Z direction (the traveling direction of the sheet-like reinforcing fiber bundle 1a)
- the accompanying coating liquid 2 is gradually compressed, and the lower part of the liquid reservoir 22
- the pressure of the coating liquid 2 increases as it goes to.
- the accompanying liquid flow is less likely to flow downward and flows in the direction of the wall surface members 21a and 21b, and then blocked by the wall surface members 21a and 21b and flows upward. It becomes like this.
- a circulating flow T is formed in the liquid reservoir 22 along the plane of the sheet-like reinforcing fiber bundle 1a and the wall surface members 21a and 21b.
- the sheet-like reinforcing fiber bundle 1a is run at a high speed, the fluid pressure further increases, so that the fluff removal effect is further increased.
- the coating liquid 2 can be applied at a high speed by the sheet-like reinforcing fiber bundle 1a, and the productivity is greatly improved.
- the increased liquid pressure has an effect that the coating liquid 2 is easily impregnated into the sheet-like reinforcing fiber bundle 1a.
- This is based on the property (Darcy's law) that when the coating liquid is impregnated into a porous body such as a reinforcing fiber bundle, the degree of impregnation increases with the pressure of the coating liquid. Also in this case, when the sheet-like reinforcing fiber bundle 1a is run at a higher speed, the liquid pressure increases, so that the impregnation effect can be further enhanced.
- the coating liquid 2 is impregnated by air / liquid replacement with bubbles remaining inside the sheet-like reinforcing fiber bundle 1a, but the bubbles pass through the gaps inside the sheet-like reinforcing fiber bundle 1a due to the liquid pressure and buoyancy. And discharged in the fiber orientation direction (vertically upward). At this time, since the bubbles are discharged without pushing the impregnating coating liquid 2, there is an effect that the impregnation is not inhibited. Also, some of the bubbles are discharged from the surface of the sheet-like reinforcing fiber bundle 1a in the out-of-plane direction (normal direction), but these bubbles are also quickly eliminated in the vertical direction due to the fluid pressure and buoyancy.
- the sheet-like reinforcing fiber bundle 1a is automatically centered in the center of the gap D by the increased fluid pressure, and the sheet-like reinforcing fiber bundle 1a directly rubs against the wall surfaces of the liquid reservoir 22 and the narrowed portion 23.
- the narrow portion 23 is designed to have a smaller cross-sectional area than the upper surface of the liquid reservoir 22. As understood from FIGS. 2 and 4, the cross-sectional area becomes small because the length of the pseudo plane perpendicular to the sheet-like reinforcing fiber bundle is small, that is, the interval between members is narrow. This is to obtain an impregnation or self-aligning effect by increasing the hydraulic pressure at the constriction as described above. Further, the cross-sectional shape of the uppermost surface of the constricted portion 23 is matched with the cross-sectional shape of the lowermost surface of the liquid reservoir portion 22, so that the travelability of the sheet-like reinforcing fiber bundle 1 a and the flow control of the coating liquid 2 are controlled. Although it is preferable from the viewpoint, the narrowed portion 23 may be slightly enlarged as necessary.
- the sheet-like reinforcing fiber bundle 1a is running completely downward Z (90 degrees from the horizontal plane) in the vertical direction, but is not limited to this. As long as the discharge effect is obtained and the sheet-like reinforcing fiber bundle 1a can stably travel continuously, it may be substantially downward in the vertical direction.
- the total amount of the coating liquid 2 applied to the sheet-like reinforcing fiber bundle 1a can be controlled by the gap D of the narrowed portion 23. For example, it is desired to increase the total amount of the coating liquid 2 applied to the sheet-like reinforcing fiber bundle 1a.
- the wall surface members 21a and 21b may be installed so that the gap D is widened.
- FIG. 3 is a bottom view of the application unit 20 as viewed from the direction A in FIG.
- the application unit 20 is provided with side wall members 24a and 24b for preventing the coating liquid 2 from leaking from both ends in the arrangement direction of the sheet-like reinforcing fiber bundle 1a.
- the wall surface members 21a and 21b and the side wall members 24a and 24b An outlet 25 of the narrowed portion 23 is formed in the enclosed space.
- the outlet 25 has a slit shape, and the cross-sectional aspect ratio (Y / D in FIG. 3) may be set in accordance with the shape of the sheet-like reinforcing fiber bundle 1a to which the coating liquid 2 is to be applied.
- FIG. 4A is a cross-sectional view illustrating the structure inside the coating part when the coating part 20 is viewed from the direction B.
- the wall surface member 21b is omitted, and the sheet-like reinforcing fiber bundle 1a is drawn so that the reinforcing fibers 1 are arranged with a gap therebetween. It is preferable to arrange 1 without gaps from the viewpoint of the quality of the sheet-like prepreg and the mechanical properties of FRP.
- FIG. 4 b shows the flow of the coating liquid 2 in the gap 26. If the gap 26 is large, a vortex flow is generated in the direction R in the coating liquid 2. Since this vortex flow R becomes an outward flow (Ra) at the lower part of the liquid reservoir portion 22, the sheet-like reinforcing fiber bundle is torn (breaking of the sheet-like fiber bundle occurs) or between the reinforcing fibers. As a result, the interval is widened, and therefore, there is a possibility that unevenness of the reinforcing fibers may occur when the reinforcing liquid bundle impregnated with the coating liquid is formed.
- Ra outward flow
- the width of the gap 26 is configured to satisfy the following relationship with the width W of the sheet-like reinforcing fiber bundle measured directly under the narrowed portion 23. It is preferable. L ⁇ W + 10 (mm) Thereby, generation
- a high-quality and highly stable coating liquid-impregnated sheet-like reinforcing fiber bundle 1b can be obtained. Furthermore, when this technique is applied to a prepreg, not only the quality and quality of the prepreg can be improved, but also the mechanical properties and quality of the FRP obtained using the prepreg can be improved. More preferably, if the relationship between L and W is L ⁇ W + 2 (mm), the sheet-like reinforcing fiber bundle can be further prevented from cracking or breaking.
- the lower limit of L is W-5 (mm) or more from the viewpoint of improving the uniformity of the dimension in the width direction of the coating liquid-impregnated sheet-like reinforcing fiber bundle 1b.
- this width restriction is preferably performed at least at the lower part (position G in FIG. 4 a) of the liquid reservoir 22 from the viewpoint of suppressing the generation of the vortex flow R due to the high hydraulic pressure at the lower part of the liquid reservoir 22. Furthermore, this width regulation is more preferably performed over the entire area of the liquid reservoir 22, so that the generation of the vortex flow R can be suppressed almost completely, and as a result, the sheet-like reinforcing fiber bundle is cracked or broken at the end. It becomes possible to suppress almost completely.
- the width restriction may be only the liquid reservoir 22, but if the constriction 23 is performed in the same manner, it is excessive on the side surface of the coating liquid-impregnated sheet-like reinforcing fiber bundle 1b. This is preferable from the viewpoint of suppressing application of the coating liquid 2.
- the side wall members 24a and 24b perform the width regulation.
- the width regulation mechanisms 27a and 27b are provided between the side wall members 24a and 24b, and the width regulation can be performed by the mechanism. it can.
- a coating liquid-impregnated sheet-like reinforcing fiber bundle having various widths can be produced by one application part by allowing the width regulated by the width regulating mechanism to be freely changed.
- the relationship between the width (W) of the sheet-like reinforcing fiber bundle immediately below the narrowed portion and the width (L2) regulated by the width regulating mechanism at the lower end of the width regulating mechanism may be L2 ⁇ W + 10 (mm).
- the shape and material of the width regulating mechanism are not particularly limited, but a plate-shaped bush is simple and preferable.
- the width regulating mechanism is inserted up to the narrowed portion 23.
- FIG. 5 shows an example of a plate-shaped bush as the width regulating mechanism, but shows an example in which the lower part from the middle of the bush follows the tapered shape of the liquid reservoir 22 and is inserted to the constricted part 23.
- FIG. 5 shows an example in which L2 is constant from the liquid level to the outlet, the width that is regulated by the part may be changed within a range that achieves the purpose of the width regulation mechanism.
- the width regulating mechanism can be fixed to the application unit 20 by an arbitrary method.
- the plate-shaped bush is regulated by deformation of the plate-shaped bush due to high hydraulic pressure by fixing at a plurality of parts in the vertical direction. Variation in width can be suppressed.
- it is preferable to use a stay for the upper part and to insert the lower part into the application part because the width can be easily regulated by the width regulating mechanism.
- the cross-sectional area continuously decreases in the running direction of the sheet-like reinforcing fiber bundle at the liquid reservoir 22, so that the hydraulic pressure is reduced in the running direction of the sheet-like reinforcing fiber bundle.
- the shape is particularly limited if the hydraulic pressure can be continuously increased in the traveling direction. There is no limit.
- the shape may be a taper shape (straight shape) or a curved shape such as a trumpet shape.
- cross-sectional area decreasing portion may be continuous over the entire length of the liquid reservoir, or may include a portion where the cross-sectional area does not decrease or a portion that expands as long as the object and effect of the present invention are obtained. You may go out. These will be described in detail below with reference to examples in FIGS.
- FIG. 6 is a detailed cross-sectional view of an application unit 20b according to an embodiment different from FIG. 2 is the same as the application unit 20 of FIG. 2 except that the shape of the wall surface members 21c and 21d constituting the liquid reservoir 22 is different.
- the liquid reservoir 22 may be divided into a region 22a in which the cross-sectional area continuously decreases in the vertical downward direction Z and a region 22b in which the cross-sectional area does not decrease.
- the vertical height H at which the cross-sectional area continuously decreases is preferably 10 mm or more.
- the vertical height H at which the preferred cross-sectional area continuously decreases is 50 mm or more.
- the coating liquid 2 accompanied by the sheet-like reinforcing fiber bundle 1 a is secured at a distance where it is compressed in the region 22 a where the cross-sectional area of the liquid reservoir 22 continuously decreases, and is generated at the lower part of the liquid reservoir 22.
- the hydraulic pressure to be increased can be increased sufficiently. As a result, it is possible to prevent fuzz from clogging the constricted portion 23 due to the hydraulic pressure, and to obtain the effect that the coating liquid 2 is impregnated into the sheet-like reinforcing fiber bundle 1a due to the hydraulic pressure.
- the taper opening angle ⁇ is smaller. Specifically, an acute angle (90 ° or less) is preferable.
- FIG. 7 is a detailed cross-sectional view of an application unit 20c according to an embodiment different from FIG.
- the wall surface members 21e and 21f constituting the liquid reservoir portion 22 are the same as the application portion 20b in FIG. 6 except that the shape of the wall surface members 21e and 21f is a two-step taper shape.
- the height H of the region 22a where the cross-sectional area of the liquid reservoir 22 continuously decreases is 10 mm or more. Furthermore, the vertical height H at which the preferred cross-sectional area continuously decreases is 50 mm or more.
- the region 22 a in which the cross-sectional area of the liquid reservoir 22 continuously decreases is a multi-stage tapered portion, so that the volume of the coating liquid 2 that can be stored in the liquid reservoir 22 is maintained and the constricted portion 23 is maintained. It is possible to make the angle ⁇ of the taper portion closest to ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ smaller. As a result, the hydraulic pressure generated at the lower portion of the liquid reservoir 22 is further increased, and the fuzz removal effect and the impregnation effect of the coating liquid 2 can be further enhanced.
- FIG. 8 is a detailed cross-sectional view of an application part 20d according to an embodiment different from FIG.
- the wall surface members 21g and 21h constituting the liquid reservoir 22 are the same as the application part 20b of FIG.
- the effect of increasing the hydraulic pressure which is the object of the present invention, can be obtained.
- FIG. 9 is a detailed cross-sectional view of an application unit 20e according to an embodiment different from FIG. Except that the shape of the wall surface members 21i and 21j constituting the liquid reservoir portion 22 is a trumpet shape (curved shape), it is the same as the application portion 20b of FIG. In the application part 20b of FIG. 6, the region 22a in which the cross-sectional area of the liquid reservoir 22 continuously decreases is tapered (straight), but is not limited to this, and for example, a trumpet (curved) as shown in FIG. But you can. However, it is preferable that the lower part of the liquid reservoir 22 and the upper part of the constricted part 23 are smoothly connected.
- the cross-sectional area of the liquid reservoir does not necessarily have to decrease smoothly in the present invention as long as the object of the present invention is not impaired.
- FIG. 10 is a detailed cross-sectional view of the application unit 30 of another embodiment different from the present invention.
- the liquid reservoir portion 32 of FIG. 10 does not include a region where the cross-sectional area continuously decreases in the vertical downward Z, and the cross-sectional area is discontinuous and sharp at the boundary 33 with the narrowed portion 23. It is the structure which decreases to. For this reason, the sheet-like reinforcing fiber bundle 1a is easily clogged.
- FIG. 11 shows an example using three bars (35a, 35b and 35c). The larger the number of bars, the longer the contact length between the sheet-like reinforcing fiber bundle and the bar, and the larger the contact angle, Impregnation rate can be improved. In the example of FIG. 11, the impregnation rate can be 90% or more. In addition, you may use the improvement means of the said impregnation effect in combination of multiple types.
- ⁇ Travel mechanism> As a traveling mechanism for conveying the sheet-like reinforcing fiber bundle or the coating liquid-impregnated sheet-like reinforcing fiber bundle of the present invention, a known roller or the like can be suitably used. In the present invention, since the sheet-like reinforcing fiber bundle is conveyed vertically downward, it is preferable to dispose rollers up and down across the coating part.
- the travel path of the sheet-like reinforcing fiber bundle is as straight as possible in order to suppress the disordered arrangement and fuzzing of the reinforcing fibers.
- the travel route of the sheet-like integrated object is as linear as possible. From this point of view, it is preferable to use a nip roll in the travel path of the sheet-like integrated object.
- Which of the S-shaped roll and the nip roll is used can be appropriately selected according to the production conditions and the characteristics of the product.
- ⁇ High tension take-up device> it is preferable to arrange
- a release sheet supply device and a winder can be used as appropriate, and as such a known one can be used, It is preferable from the viewpoint of stable running of the sheet that a mechanism that can feed back the take-up tension to the take-up or take-up speed is provided.
- Additional impregnation In order to adjust to a desired degree of impregnation, it is also possible to combine the present invention with a means for further increasing the degree of impregnation using an impregnation apparatus after application.
- additional impregnation after application In order to distinguish from the impregnation in the application part, additional impregnation after application is referred to as additional impregnation, and the apparatus for that purpose is referred to as additional impregnation apparatus.
- additional impregnation apparatus There is no restriction
- a laminate of a sheet-like carbon fiber bundle and a resin is preheated with a hot plate to sufficiently soften the resin on the sheet-like carbon fiber bundle.
- impregnation can be advanced by using a device that pressurizes with a heated nip roll.
- the hot plate temperature for preheating, the nip roll surface temperature, the linear pressure of the nip roll, and the diameter and number of nip rolls can be appropriately selected so as to obtain a desired degree of impregnation.
- FIG. 1 describes an example in which a prepreg sheet travels in an S-shape, but if impregnation is possible, the contact length between the sheet and the roll, such as a U-shape, a V-shape, or a ⁇ -shape. May be adjusted. Further, when the impregnation pressure is increased and the impregnation degree is increased, it is possible to add an opposing contact roll.
- the impregnation apparatus positioned just below the application part is referred to as a simple additional impregnation apparatus.
- a heated nip roll or heated S-shaped roll can be used as a simple additional impregnation device, but the roll diameter, set pressure, and contact length between the prepreg and the roll can be reduced compared to a normal impregnation device, and the device is downsized. Not only can power consumption be reduced, but it is preferable.
- FIG. 15 shows an example of an apparatus for producing a coating liquid-impregnated sheet-like reinforcing fiber bundle incorporating a simple additional impregnation apparatus.
- the impregnation ratio of the coating liquid is preferably 10% or more.
- the impregnation rate of the coating solution can be confirmed by tearing the collected coating solution-impregnated sheet-like reinforcing fiber bundle and visually observing the inside, and more quantitatively, for example, by a peeling method. It is.
- the impregnation rate of the coating liquid by the peeling method can be measured as follows.
- the collected coating liquid-impregnated sheet-like reinforcing fiber bundle is sandwiched between adhesive tapes and peeled to separate the reinforcing fiber to which the coating liquid is attached and the reinforcing fiber to which the coating liquid is not attached.
- the ratio of the mass of the reinforced fiber to which the coating liquid adheres with respect to the mass of the whole sheet-like reinforcing fiber bundle that has been charged can be set as the impregnation ratio of the coating liquid by the peeling method.
- the prepreg which is a kind of FRP precursor is one form of the coating liquid impregnated sheet-like reinforcing fiber bundle obtained in the present invention
- the coating liquid impregnated sheet reinforcing fiber bundle is used as a case where the present invention is applied to FRP applications. This will be described below as a prepreg.
- the width of the prepreg is not particularly limited, and may be as wide as several tens of centimeters to 2 meters, or may be a tape having a width of several tens to several tens of millimeters.
- the width can be selected according to the application.
- devices called ATL (Automated Tape Laying) and AFP (Automated Fiber Placement) that automatically laminate narrow prepregs and prepreg tapes are becoming widely used. It is also preferable to make the width suitable for this.
- ATL Automatic Tape Laying
- AFP Automatic Fiber Placement
- the method for obtaining a prepreg having a desired width is not particularly limited, and a method of slitting a wide prepreg having a width of about 1 m to 2 m into a narrow width can be used. Further, in order to simplify or omit the slitting process, the width of the coating portion used in the present invention can be adjusted so that the desired width is obtained from the beginning. For example, in the case of manufacturing a 30 cm wide narrow prepreg for ATL, the width of the application part outlet may be adjusted accordingly. Moreover, in order to manufacture this efficiently, it is preferable to manufacture the product with a product width of 30 cm.
- FIG. 17 shows an example in which five coating portions are connected in the parallel direction.
- the five sheet-like reinforcing fiber bundles 416 may pass through the five independent reinforcing fiber preheating devices 420 and the application unit 430 to obtain five prepregs 471, or the reinforcing fiber preheating.
- the apparatus 420 and the application part 430 may be integrated in the parallel direction. In this case, it is only necessary to provide five independent width regulating mechanisms and coating unit outlet widths in the coating unit 430.
- the accuracy of the tape width is often required from the viewpoint of controlling the overlap between the tapes in the lateral direction. For this reason, it is preferable to manage the application part exit width more strictly.
- the L, L2, and W satisfy the relationship of L ⁇ W + 1 mm and / or L2 ⁇ W + 1 mm. .
- ⁇ Slit> There is no particular limitation on the slitting method of the prepreg, and a known slitting device can be used. After winding the prepreg once, it may be installed in the slitting device again and slitting may be performed, or for efficiency, the slit process may be arranged continuously from the prepreg manufacturing process without winding the prepreg once. In the slitting process, a wide prepreg of 1 m or more may be directly slit to a desired width, or once cut / divided into a narrow prepreg of about 30 cm and then slit again to a desired width. good.
- a release sheet may be supplied independently, or a single wide release sheet may be supplied.
- a plurality of prepregs may be laminated.
- the end portion in the width direction of the prepreg thus obtained can be cut off and supplied to an ATL or AFP apparatus.
- most of the edge to be cut off is a release sheet, so the coating liquid component (resin component in the case of CFRP) adhering to the slit cutter blade can be reduced, and the cleaning cycle of the slit cutter blade is extended.
- the coating liquid component resin component in the case of CFRP
- ⁇ Deformation mode (variation) and application mode of the present invention >
- a plurality of application parts can be used to further increase the efficiency of the manufacturing process and increase the functionality.
- a plurality of application portions can be arranged so as to laminate a plurality of coating liquid-impregnated sheet-like reinforcing fiber bundles.
- FIG. 16 shows an example of a mode in which the coating liquid-impregnated sheet-like reinforcing fiber bundles are laminated using two application portions as an example.
- the two coating liquid-impregnated sheet-like reinforcing fiber bundles 471 drawn out from the first application part 431 and the second application part 432 pass through the direction change roll 445 and are laminated together with the release sheet 446 at the lower layer roll 447. Is done.
- the coating liquid-impregnated sheet-like reinforcing fiber bundle can be prevented from sticking to the nip roll, and traveling can be stabilized.
- seat 446 carry out circuit travel to the two direction change rolls 445 is illustrated.
- the direction change roll can be replaced by a direction change guide or the like that has been subjected to a mold release process.
- the high-tension take-up device 444 is arranged after the coating liquid-impregnated sheet-like reinforcing fiber bundle 471 is laminated, but it is of course possible to arrange it before the lamination.
- it can be a hetero-bonded prepreg in which prepregs having different thicknesses or those having different mechanical properties are laminated. Moreover, a resin having excellent mechanical properties is imparted at the first application part, a resin having excellent tackiness is imparted at the second application part, and a prepreg capable of achieving both mechanical properties and tackiness can be easily obtained by laminating them. Obtainable. Conversely, it is also possible to dispose a resin having no tackiness on the surface. Moreover, the prepreg which has particle
- a plurality of application portions are arranged in parallel with the traveling direction of the sheet-like reinforcing fiber bundle, that is, a plurality of application portions are arranged in the width direction of the sheet-like reinforcing fiber bundle. Can be paralleled. Thereby, it is possible to make the production of the narrow-width or tape-shaped coating liquid-impregnated sheet-like reinforcing fiber bundle efficient.
- a coating liquid-impregnated sheet-like reinforcing fiber bundle having different properties in the width direction can be obtained.
- a plurality of coating portions can be arranged in series with respect to the traveling direction of the sheet-like reinforcing fiber bundle.
- FIG. 18 shows an example in which two coating portions are arranged in series as an example.
- a high-tension take-up device 448 is preferably disposed between the first application unit 431 and the second application unit 432 from the viewpoint of stabilizing the travel of the sheet-like reinforcing fiber bundle 416. It may be omitted depending on conditions.
- FIG. 18 illustrates an apparatus in which the high-tension take-up device 448 is a nip roll and the release sheet 446 is caused to travel on a circuit on two rolls.
- the type of coating solution can be changed in the thickness direction of the coating solution-impregnated sheet-like reinforcing fiber bundle.
- running stability, high-speed running property, etc. can also be improved by changing application conditions by an application part.
- a resin having excellent mechanical properties is imparted at the first application part
- a resin having excellent tackiness is imparted at the second application part
- a prepreg capable of achieving both mechanical properties and tackiness can be easily obtained by laminating them. Obtainable.
- grains on the surface can also be easily obtained by providing resin without particle
- the production method of the present invention is not only efficient and stable in production but also capable of enhancing the performance and functionality of the product and is excellent in expandability.
- the coating liquid is stored in the application part, but it is preferable to replenish the coating liquid as appropriate because the coating proceeds.
- the mechanism for supplying the coating liquid to the coating section and a known apparatus can be used. It is preferable that the coating liquid is continuously supplied to the coating section because the upper liquid surface of the coating section is not disturbed and the travel of the sheet-like reinforcing fiber bundle can be stabilized.
- the dead weight can be supplied as a driving force from a tank that stores the coating liquid, or can be continuously supplied using a pump or the like.
- the pump a gear pump, a tube pump, a pressure pump, or the like can be used as appropriate according to the properties of the coating liquid.
- the coating liquid when the coating liquid is solid at room temperature, it is preferable to provide a melter on the upper part of the reservoir layer.
- a continuous extruder or the like can also be used.
- a mechanism that monitors the liquid level height, the weight of the coating part, and the like and feeds it back to the supply device can be considered.
- ⁇ Online monitoring> it is preferable to provide a mechanism that can monitor the coating amount on-line for monitoring the coating amount.
- a mechanism that can monitor the coating amount on-line for monitoring the coating amount There is no restriction
- a beta ray meter can be used as a device for measuring the thickness.
- the application amount monitored online is immediately fed back to the application part, and can be used to adjust the temperature of the application part and the gap D (see FIG. 2) of the constriction part 23.
- the coating amount monitoring can of course be used as fault monitoring.
- the thickness measurement position for example, referring to FIG. 12, the thickness of the sheet-like reinforcing fiber bundle 416 is measured in the vicinity of the direction changing roll 419, and the coating liquid-impregnated sheet-like reinforcing fiber bundle is applied between the application unit 430 and the direction changing roll 441. Can be measured. It is also preferable to perform online defect monitoring using infrared rays, near infrared rays, a camera (image analysis), or the like.
- the coating apparatus of the present invention includes a traveling mechanism that causes a sheet-like reinforcing fiber bundle in which reinforcing fibers are arranged in one direction to travel substantially downward in the vertical direction, and a coating mechanism, and the coating mechanism is coated therein.
- the liquid can be stored, and further includes a liquid reservoir portion and a constricted portion communicated with each other, and the liquid reservoir portion is a portion where the cross-sectional area continuously decreases along the traveling direction of the sheet-like reinforcing fiber bundle.
- the narrowed portion has a slit-like cross section and has a smaller cross-sectional area than the upper surface of the liquid reservoir portion.
- FIG. 12 is a schematic view of an example of a prepreg manufacturing process / apparatus using the present invention.
- the plurality of reinforcing fiber bobbins 412 are hung on the creel 411 and drawn upward through the direction change guide 413.
- the reinforcing fiber bundle 414 can be pulled out with a constant tension by the brake mechanism applied to the creel.
- the drawn out reinforcing fiber bundles 414 are arranged in an orderly manner by the reinforcing fiber arranging device 415 to form a sheet-like reinforcing fiber bundle 416.
- FIG. 12 is a schematic view of an example of a prepreg manufacturing process / apparatus using the present invention.
- the plurality of reinforcing fiber bobbins 412 are hung on the creel 411 and drawn upward through the direction change guide 413.
- the reinforcing fiber bundle 414 can be pulled out with a constant tension by the brake mechanism applied to the creel.
- the reinforcing fiber bundle is drawn with only three yarns, but in practice, it can be 2 to several hundred yarns and can be adjusted to have a desired prepreg width and fiber basis weight. is there. Thereafter, the paper is conveyed vertically downward through the widening device 417 and the smoothing device 418, through the direction changing roll 419. In FIG. 12, the sheet-like reinforcing fiber bundle 416 is conveyed linearly between the reinforcing fiber arraying device 415 and the direction changing roll 419. Note that the widening device 417 and the smoothing device 418 can be appropriately skipped according to the purpose, or no device can be arranged.
- the sheet-like reinforcing fiber bundle 416 travels vertically downward from the direction changing roll 419, and reaches the direction changing roll 441 through the reinforcing fiber preheating device 420 and the application unit 430.
- the application part 430 can adopt any application part shape as long as the object of the present invention is achieved. For example, the shapes shown in FIGS. 2 and 6 to 9 can be mentioned. Moreover, a bush can also be provided as needed as shown in FIG. Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 11, a bar can be provided in the application part. In FIG.
- the release sheet 446 unwound from the release sheet (upper) supply device 442 is laminated on the coating liquid-impregnated sheet-like reinforcing fiber bundle, in this case, the prepreg 471 on the direction change roll 441, and the sheet-like integrated It can be a thing. Furthermore, the release sheet 446 unwound from the release sheet (lower) supply device 443 can be inserted into the lower surface of the sheet-like integrated object.
- a release paper, a release film, or the like can be used as the release sheet. This can be taken up by the high tension take-up device 444. In FIG. 12, a nip roll is drawn as the high tension take-up device 444.
- the sheet-like integrated material passes through the additional impregnation device 450 having the hot plate 451 and the heating nip roll 452, is cooled by the cooling device 461, is taken up by the take-up device 462, and is peeled off the upper release sheet 446. Then, it is wound up by a winder 464, and a sheet-like integrated product 472 made of a prepreg / release sheet as a product can be obtained. Since the sheet-like integrated object is conveyed from the direction changing roll 441 to the winder 464 in a basic linear shape, generation of wrinkles can be suppressed. In FIG. 12, drawing of the coating liquid supply device and the online monitoring device is omitted.
- FIG. 13 is a schematic view of another example of a prepreg manufacturing process / apparatus using the present invention.
- the reinforcing fiber bundle 414 is pulled out from the creel 411, and the sheet-like reinforcing fiber bundle 416 is formed as it is with the reinforcing fiber arranging device 415, and then conveyed linearly to the widening device 417 and the smoothing device 418.
- the point which guides the sheet-like reinforcing fiber bundle 416 upward is different from FIG. With such a configuration, it is not necessary to install a device above, and installation of a scaffold or the like can be greatly simplified.
- FIG. 14 is a schematic view of another example of a prepreg manufacturing process / apparatus using the present invention.
- the creel 411 is installed on the floor, and the travel path of the sheet-like reinforcing fiber bundle 416 is further linearized.
- FIG. 15 is a schematic view of another example of a prepreg manufacturing process / apparatus using the present invention.
- the example using the simple additional impregnation apparatus instead of the normal additional impregnation apparatus shown in FIG. 12 is shown.
- the simple additional impregnation device 453 is installed immediately below the coating unit 430, the coating liquid-impregnated sheet-like reinforcing fiber bundle 471 is guided to the simple additional impregnation device 453 at a high temperature, so that the impregnation device is simplified. Can be made smaller and smaller.
- the heating nip roll 454 is drawn as an example, but a small heating S-shaped roll may of course be used depending on the purpose.
- a simple additional impregnation apparatus it is also an advantage that the entire prepreg manufacturing apparatus can be made very compact.
- FIG. 19 is a schematic view of another example of a prepreg manufacturing process / apparatus using the present invention.
- FIG. 19 shows an example in which a high tension take-up S-shaped roll 449 is used as a high-tension take-up device, and 2 rolls—2 sets (total 4) of S-wrap roll-type heated S-shaped rolls 455 are used as a supplemental impregnation device.
- the number of rolls can be increased or decreased according to the purpose.
- a contact roll 456 for enhancing the impregnation effect is also drawn, but it is of course possible to omit it depending on the purpose.
- FIG. 20 is a schematic view of another example of a prepreg manufacturing process / apparatus using the present invention.
- an “S-wrap roll” type heated S-shaped roll is also used as a high tension take-up device.
- Table 1 is a table summarizing the experimental results when the coating liquid 2 was applied to the sheet-like reinforcing fiber bundle 1a in Example 1 according to the present invention and Comparative Example 1 not using the present invention.
- carbon fiber Toray Industries, Torayca T800S (24K)
- the coating liquid 2 is a colorless and transparent unilube.
- NOF Corporation Manufactured by NOF Corporation was used by blending so that the viscosity at 25 ° C. was 10 Pa ⁇ s.
- the sheet-like reinforcing fiber bundle 1a was run downward in the vertical direction, and passed through the liquid reservoir 22 and the constriction 23.
- the traveling speed was 20 m / min
- the width Y of the narrowed portion 23 was 20 mm
- the gap D of the narrowed portion 23 was 0.2 mm (slit shape, aspect ratio was 100).
- a stainless steel block was used for the wall surface member 21 forming the liquid reservoir portion 22 and the narrowed portion 23, and an acrylic transparent plate was used for the side plate members 24a and 24b.
- the temperature of the application part was 25 degreeC.
- the shape of the liquid reservoir 22 (the presence or absence of continuous cross-sectional area reduction) differs for each example and comparative example.
- Example 1 2 was applied to the sheet-like carbon fiber bundle 1a by using the application unit 20 of the embodiment of FIG. 2 according to the present invention.
- the running direction of the sheet-like carbon fiber bundle 1a was Z in the vertical direction
- the liquid reservoir 22 was tapered (taper opening angle 30 °, taper height 100 mm)
- the width L of the liquid reservoir 22 was 40 mm.
- the diameter of the sheet-like reinforcing fiber bundle 1a near the lower portion of the liquid reservoir 22 was 1 mm or less. Fine bubbles were continuously generated. The generated bubbles were excluded above the liquid reservoir 22 by buoyancy, and did not stay below the liquid reservoir 22.
- the obtained sheet-like carbon fiber bundle 1b is a sheet-like material having an aspect ratio of 100 or more having a width W of 20 mm and uni-lubes on both sides, and the sheet-like carbon fiber bundle 1b is torn by hand. When confirmed, the unilube was impregnated to the inside.
- Example 1 the width L of the liquid reservoir 22 is 40 mm, the width W of the obtained sheet-like carbon fiber bundle 1b is 20 mm, and does not satisfy the relationship of L ⁇ W + 10 mm.
- Example 1 during the running time of 60 minutes, the fiber bundles were intermittently cracked in the sheet-like carbon fiber bundles 1a and the end portions of the fiber bundles were broken, so that the sheet-like carbon fiber bundles 1a were evenly run. The percentage of time spent was about 20% (see Table 2).
- FIG. 10 is a detailed cross-sectional view of the application unit 30 of another embodiment different from the present invention.
- the liquid reservoir portion 32 of FIG. 10 does not include a region where the cross-sectional area continuously decreases in the vertical downward Z, and the cross-sectional area is intermittently crossed at the boundary 33 with the narrowed portion 23 ( It is a configuration that decreases rapidly.
- this coating part 30 was used to apply a unilube to the sheet-like carbon fiber bundle 1a under the same conditions as in Example 1, the sheet-like carbon fiber bundle 1a was applied to the application part 30 immediately after the start of traveling at a traveling speed of 20 m / min. The car was cut inside and became unable to run. Then, when the application part 30 was disassembled and the inside was confirmed, it was confirmed that a large amount of fluff was clogged at the boundary 33 between the liquid reservoir part 32 and the constriction part 23.
- Table 2 shows the width W of the coating liquid-impregnated sheet-like reinforcing fiber bundle 1b measured immediately below the narrowed portion 23 and the lower portion of the liquid reservoir 22 (position G in FIG. 4) in Examples 2 and 3. It is the table
- FIG. The implementation conditions of Examples 2 and 3 are the same as those of Example 1 except that the width L of the liquid reservoir 22 is small.
- the sheet-like carbon fiber bundle In order to evaluate the uniformity of the sheet-like carbon fiber bundle, it was continuously run for 60 minutes at a running speed of 20 m / min, and the fiber bundle cracked in the sheet-like carbon fiber bundle 1a immediately above the liquid reservoir 22 (sheet-like carbon in the form of vertical stripes) The time during which the fiber bundle was traveling uniformly was measured without the fiber bundle being broken) or the end of the fiber bundle being bent (the part where the carbon fiber bundles were overlapping).
- Excellent means that the ratio of the time during which the fiber bundle does not break and the end of the fiber bundle breaks uniformly and occupies 90% or more of the total running time is “Excellent”; 10% or more and less than 50% was designated as “Fair”, and less than 10% was designated as “Poor” (similarly evaluated in other examples and comparative examples). Each example will be described in detail below.
- Example 2 The width L of the liquid reservoir 22 in Example 1 was changed to 30 mm, and a unilube was imparted to the sheet-like carbon fiber bundle 1a. At this time, the width W of the sheet-like carbon fiber bundle 1b measured immediately below the constricted portion 23 is 20 mm, which satisfies the relationship L ⁇ W + 10 mm.
- the sheet-like carbon fiber bundles 1a occasionally showed cracks in the fiber bundles and end-folds of the fiber bundles, so that the sheet-like carbon fiber bundles 1a traveled uniformly. The percentage of time spent was about 70%.
- Example 3 The width L of the liquid reservoir 22 in Example 1 was changed to 20 mm, and a unilube was imparted to the sheet-like carbon fiber bundle 1a. At this time, the width W of the sheet-like carbon fiber bundle 1b measured immediately below the constricted portion 23 is 20 mm, which satisfies the relationship L ⁇ W + 10 mm. When continuous running was performed at a running speed of 20 m / min for 60 minutes, the sheet-like carbon fiber bundle 1a showed almost no fiber bundle breakage or fiber bundle end breakage, and the sheet-like carbon fiber bundle 1a was uniform. The percentage of time spent traveling was 90% or more.
- a molten resin was applied to the sheet-like reinforcing fiber bundle 1a as the coating liquid 2 to produce a CFRP sheet-like prepreg 1b.
- Carbon fiber (Torayca T800S (24K)) made of 3 fibers (width 20mm / 3 yarn) is used for the reinforcing fiber 1
- epoxy resin aromatic amine type epoxy resin
- a bisphenol type epoxy resin mixture a thermosetting epoxy resin composition comprising a mixture of a curing agent (diaminodiphenyl sulfone) and a polyether sulfone was used.
- thermosetting epoxy resin composition The viscosity of this thermosetting epoxy resin composition was measured at a measurement frequency of 0.5 Hz and a heating rate of 1.5 ° C./min using ARES-G2 manufactured by TA Instruments. It was 15 Pa ⁇ s at 105 ° C. and 4 Pa ⁇ s at 105 ° C.
- Stainless steel blocks were used for the wall surface members 21a and 21b forming the liquid reservoir 22 and the narrowed portion 23, and stainless steel plates were used for the side plate members 24a and 24b.
- a ribbon heater was wound around the outer periphery of the wall surface members 21a and 21b and the side plate members 24a and 24b, and the temperature and equivalent viscosity of the epoxy resin were adjusted while measuring the temperature with a thermocouple.
- the traveling direction of the sheet-like carbon fiber bundle 1a is Z in the vertical direction
- the liquid reservoir 22 is tapered (taper opening angle 30 °, taper height 100 mm)
- the liquid reservoir 22 has a width L of 20 mm
- the constriction 23 The gap D was 0.2 mm
- the width Y of the narrowed portion 23 was 20 mm (aspect ratio was 100).
- Example 3 shows that the temperature of the coating liquid is set to three types of 75 ° C. (Example 4), 90 ° C. (Example 5), and 105 ° C. (Example 6), and the running speed is 20 m / min for 60 minutes. It is the table
- the obtained sheet-like prepreg 1b is a sheet-like material having an aspect ratio of 100 or more with a coating solution adhering to both surfaces.
- the carbon fiber inside the sheet-like carbon fiber bundle is separated. Also, some of the coating liquid was adhered and it was confirmed that it was impregnated.
- the impregnation rate was obtained. For 4-6, it was 40-60%.
- Example 7 and 8 show that in Examples 7 and 8, when the height H at which the cross-sectional area of the liquid reservoir 22 continuously decreased was changed, the temperature of the coating liquid was set to 90 ° C. and the traveling speed was 20 m / It is the table
- the execution conditions of Examples 7 and 8 are the same as the conditions of Example 5 except that the application part 20d of FIG. 8 according to the present invention is used for the application part.
- the region 22a in which the cross-sectional area of the liquid reservoir 22 continuously decreases is tapered (straight), the taper opening angle ⁇ is 30 °, and the liquid reservoir 22
- the height C up to the upper liquid level was 100 mm.
- the height H at which the cross-sectional area of the liquid reservoir 22 continuously decreases was 5 mm in Example 7 and 10 mm in Example 8. Neither clogging nor yarn breakage occurred under any of the conditions (running stability “Good”).
- Fouling prevention “Poor” means that fluff adheres in the vicinity of the narrowed portion 23 after continuous running, and fluff adheres to a portion far from the constricted portion 23 (near the top of the liquid reservoir 22) after continuous running.
- the fuzz prevention property was evaluated as “Fair”, and the fluff prevention property “Good” was defined as the fuzz prevention property “Good” in which the fluff did not adhere to the wetted surfaces of the wall members 21g and 21h after continuous running. .
- the sheet-like carbon fiber bundle 1a immediately above the liquid reservoir 22 shows almost no fiber bundle breakage or fiber bundle end breakage, and the proportion of time during which it travels uniformly is 90% or more.
- the obtained sheet-like prepreg 1b is a sheet-like material having an aspect ratio of 100 or more with a coating solution adhering to both surfaces.
- the coating part 20c stainless steel blocks were used for the wall surface members 21e and 21f forming the liquid reservoir part 22 and the constriction part 23, and stainless steel plates were used for the side plate members 24a and 24b. Further, in order to heat the coating liquid, a plate heater was attached to the outer periphery of the wall surface members 21e and 21f and the side plate members 24a and 24b, and the temperature and viscosity of the coating liquid were adjusted while measuring the temperature with a thermocouple.
- the traveling direction of the sheet-like carbon fiber bundle 416 is downward in the vertical direction, and the liquid reservoir 22 has a two-step taper shape, but the upper taper has an opening angle of 17 °, the taper height (ie, H) is 100 mm, and the lower taper is open. The angle was 7 °.
- a plate-like bush 27 adapted to the inner shape of the coating part as shown in FIG. 5 is provided, and the plate-like bush can be installed freely so that L2 can be adjusted appropriately.
- the width Y of the constricted portion 23 is set to 300 mm when L2 is 300 mm.
- the gap D of the narrowed portion 23 was 0.2 mm. In this case, the aspect ratio of the exit slit is 1500. Further, in order to prevent the coating liquid from leaking from the stenosis part outlet, the outside of the stenosis part outlet was closed from the bush.
- Preparation of the prepreg uses carbon fiber (Toray Industries, Inc., TORAYCA T800S (24K)) as the reinforcing fiber, and uses the thermosetting epoxy resin composition described later as the coating liquid, and the CFRP sheet-like prepreg is prepared with the above apparatus. It was. Further, the number of reinforcing fiber bobbins 412 was changed according to the prepreg to be produced, but it was set to 56 unless otherwise specified.
- the reinforcing fiber bundle 414 was pulled out from the plurality of reinforcing fiber bobbins 412 hung on the creel 411, the sheet-like reinforcing fiber bundle 416 was formed by the reinforcing fiber arranging device 415, and once led upward by the direction changing roll 419. Thereafter, the sheet-like reinforcing fiber bundle 416 was conveyed vertically downward through the direction changing roll 419, heated to the application part temperature or higher by the reinforcing fiber preheating device 420, guided to the application part 430, and the coating liquid was applied.
- a coating liquid-impregnated sheet-like reinforcing fiber bundle (prepreg) 471 is pulled out from the coating unit 430 and laminated with the upper release sheet 446 (release paper in this case) on the direction change roll 441, and a high-strength take-off S-shape. It was taken up by roll 449. Then, the lower release sheet 446 (release paper in this case) was supplied to the upper roll of the high-tension take-off S-shaped roll 449, and a sheet-like integrated body in which the prepreg was sandwiched between release papers was formed.
- Coating liquid thermosetting epoxy resin composition
- Thermosetting epoxy resin composition 1 (coating liquid A): It is a mixture of an epoxy resin (a mixture of aromatic amine type epoxy resin + bisphenol type epoxy resin), a curing agent (diaminodiphenyl sulfone) and polyether sulfone, and does not contain polymer particles.
- the viscosity of the thermosetting epoxy resin 1 was measured using an ARES-G2 manufactured by TA Instruments at a measurement frequency of 0.5 Hz and a heating rate of 1.5 ° C./min. And 15 Pa ⁇ s at 105 ° C. and 4 Pa ⁇ s.
- thermosetting epoxy resin 2 The viscosity of this thermosetting epoxy resin 2 was measured using TA Instruments ARES-G2 at a measurement frequency of 0.5 Hz and a heating rate of 1.5 ° C./min. And 32 Pa ⁇ s at 105 ° C. and 10 Pa ⁇ s.
- Example 9 Thermosetting epoxy resin composition 1 (coating liquid A) is used as the coating liquid, two plate-like bushes are used as the width regulating mechanism, and the distance L2 between their lower ends is 300 mm (Example 9) and 150 mm (Example 9), respectively.
- Example 10 prepregs having a width of 300 mm and a width of 150 mm were prepared with the number of carbon fiber bobbins being 56 and 28, respectively.
- the hot plate 451 and the heating nip roll 454 of the additional impregnation apparatus 450 were not used, and no additional impregnation was performed.
- the liquid temperature in the liquid reservoir was 90 ° C. (equivalent to 15 Pa ⁇ s).
- the running speed of the sheet-like reinforcing fiber bundle and the prepreg was 20 m / min.
- the various stable running evaluation items and the impregnation rate at this time are shown in Table 5.
- the width regulating mechanism it is possible to run stably with a desired prepreg width even with the same application part, and the fibers of the sheet-like reinforcing fiber bundle It was confirmed that the bundle was broken and the end portion was “Excellent”.
- the evaluation in Table 5 was carried out with a running time of 30 minutes.
- the impregnation rate was higher than in Examples 5, 7, and 8. This is probably because the application part shown in FIG. 7 can increase the hydraulic pressure.
- the basis weight uniformity in the width direction of the prepreg was evaluated as follows.
- the mass of the carbon fiber was measured as a residue obtained by eluting the resin from the prepreg with a solvent. From this, the average value at each sampling position was calculated and the average values at each sampling position were compared. As a result, both carbon fiber and resin were within the range of plus or minus 2% by mass, and excellent basis weight uniformity. Met.
- Example 11 A 300 mm wide prepreg was produced in the same manner as in Example 9 except that the temperature of the liquid reservoir was set to 82 ° C. (equivalent to 28 Pa ⁇ s). Table 6 shows the various stable running evaluation items and the impregnation rate at this time. However, although not problematic, “fiber bundle cracking” of the sheet-like reinforcing fiber bundle did not reach Example 9.
- thermosetting epoxy resin 2 (coating liquid B) was used as the coating liquid, and the coating liquid temperature in the liquid reservoir was 90 ° C. (Example 12) and 105 ° C. (Example 13).
- a 300 mm width prepreg was prepared by this method.
- the various stable running evaluation items and the impregnation rate at this time are shown in Table 6. Both were good evaluation results, but Example 13 was superior in both running stability and impregnation rate.
- Example 13 After the experiment of Example 13, the remaining resin was sampled between the width regulating devices of the coating part, dissolved in the resin with a solvent, filtered to separate the polymer particles, and the mass was measured. According to this, since the application part passage rate of the polymer particles was calculated to be 99% or more, it was determined that most of the polymer particles passed through the application part and were applied to the prepreg.
- Examples 14 and 15 The sheet was formed by the method described in Example 9 (corresponding to Example 14) and Example 13 (corresponding to Example 15), except that the additional impregnation apparatus 450 including the hot plate 451 and the heating nip roll 452 was operated.
- the reinforced fiber bundle was impregnated with the coating liquid, and then it was guided to the additional impregnation machine 450, and additional impregnation was performed in-line with reference to Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2011-132389.
- the degree of impregnation of the obtained prepreg was both 90% or more.
- Example 16 and 17 A sheet-like integrated body made of 300 mm-wide prepreg / release paper obtained in Example 14 and Example 15 was slit to obtain a prepreg tape having a width of 7 mm. Since these prepreg tapes were sufficiently impregnated, there was little adhesion of the resin to the cutter blade of the slitter.
- Example 18 to 21 Reference Example 1
- Six layers of the prepregs and prepreg tapes obtained in Examples 14 to 17 were laminated and cured for 2 hours at 180 ° C. and 6 kgf / cm 2 (0.588 MPa) using an autoclave to obtain CFRP (Examples 18 to 21).
- Each of the obtained CFRPs had a tensile strength in the range of 2.8 GPa to 3.1 GPa, and had mechanical properties suitable as a structural material for aerospace.
- the prepreg produced by the conventional hot melt method using the carbon fiber and the thermosetting epoxy resin 1 (coating liquid A) used in Example 1 was 180 ° C. and 6 kgf / cm 2 (0.588 MPa) using an autoclave.
- the CFRP tensile strength was measured in the same manner as in the pamphlet of WO 2011/118106, and a value obtained by standardizing the volume% of reinforcing fibers in the prepreg to 56.5% was used.
- the coating liquid-impregnated sheet-like reinforcing fiber bundle obtained by the production method of the present invention is used as an FRP typified by CFRP, as a structural material and interior material for aerospace use, automobiles, trains, ships, etc., pressure vessels, industrial materials use It can be widely applied for sports material use, medical equipment use, housing use, civil engineering / architecture use.
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Abstract
Description
まず、図1により本発明の塗液含浸シート状強化繊維束の製造方法の概略を述べる。図1は本発明の一実施形態に係る塗液含浸シート状強化繊維束の製造方法および装置を示す概略断面図である。塗工装置100には、シート状強化繊維束1aを実質的に鉛直方向下向きZに走行させる走行機構である搬送ロール13、14と、搬送ロール13、14の間に設けられ、塗布機構である塗液2が溜められた塗布部20が具備されている。また、塗工装置100の前後には、強化繊維1を巻き出す複数のクリール11と、巻き出された強化繊維1を一方向に配列したシート状強化繊維束1a(図1では紙面奥行き方向に配列)を得る配列装置12と塗液含浸シート状強化繊維束1bの巻取り装置15を備えることができ、また、図示していないが塗工装置100には塗液の供給装置が具備されている。さらに、必要に応じ、離型シート3を供給する離型シート供給装置16を備えることもできる。
ここで、強化繊維1としては、炭素繊維、ガラス繊維、金属繊維、金属酸化物繊維、金属窒化物繊維、有機繊維(アラミド繊維、ポリベンゾオキサゾール繊維、ポリビニルアルコール繊維、ポリエチレン繊維など)などを例示することができるが、炭素繊維を用いることが、FRPの力学特性、軽量性の観点から好ましい。
本発明においては、シート状強化繊維束の表面平滑性を高くすることで、塗布部での塗布量の均一性を向上させることができる。このため、シート状強化繊維束を平滑化処理した後、液溜り部に導くことが好ましい。平滑化処理法は特に制限は無いが、対向ロールなどで物理的に押しつける方法や空気流を用いて強化繊維を動かす方法などを例示できる。物理的に押しつける方法は簡便かつ、強化繊維の配列を乱しにくいため好ましい。より具体的にはカレンダー加工などを用いることができる。空気流を用いる方法は擦過が起こりにくいだけでなく、シート状強化繊維束を拡幅する効果もあり好ましい。
また、本発明において、シート状強化繊維束を拡幅処理した後、液溜り部に導くことも、薄いプリプレグを効率的に製造できる観点から好ましい。拡幅処理方法は特に制限は無いが、機械的に振動を付与する方法、空気流により強化繊維束を拡げる方法などを例示できる。機械的に振動を付与する方法としては、例えば特開2015-22799号公報記載のように、振動するロールにシート状強化繊維束を接触させる方法がある。振動方向としては、シート状強化繊維束の進行方向をX軸とすると、Y軸方向(水平方向)、Z軸方向(垂直方向)の振動を与えることが好ましく、水平方向振動ロールと垂直方向振動ロールを組み合わせて用いることも好ましい。また振動ロール表面は複数の突起を設けておくと、ロールでの強化繊維の擦過を抑制でき、好ましい。空気流を用いる方法としては、例えば、SEN-I GAKKAISHI,vol.64,P-262-267(2008).記載の方法を用いることができる。
また、本発明において、シート状強化繊維束を加熱した後、液溜り部に導くと、塗液の温度低下を抑制し、塗液の粘度均一性を向上させられるため好ましい。シート状強化繊維束は塗液温度近傍まで加熱されることが好ましいが、このための加熱手段としては、空気加熱、赤外線加熱、遠赤外線加熱、レーザー加熱、接触加熱、熱媒加熱(スチームなど)など多様な手段を用いることができる。中でも赤外線加熱は装置が簡便であり、またシート状強化繊維束シートを直接加熱できるため、走行速度が速くても所望の温度まで効率よく加熱が可能であり、好ましい。
本発明で用いる塗液は、付与する目的に応じ適宜選択することができるが、例えばシート状プリプレグの製造に適用する場合には、マトリックス樹脂の塗液を使用することができる。本発明により得られるマトリックス樹脂が塗工された塗液含浸シート状強化繊維束は、シート状強化繊維束にマトリックス樹脂が含浸した状態となり、そのままシート状プリプレグとして積層、成形してFRPからなる部材を得ることができる。含浸度は、塗布部の設計や、塗布以降の追含浸により制御することができる。マトリックス樹脂としては、用途に応じ適宜選択可能であるが、熱可塑性樹脂や熱硬化性樹脂を用いることが一般的である。マトリックス樹脂は、加熱し溶融させた溶融樹脂でも室温で塗液のものでも良い。また、溶媒を用いて溶液やワニス化したものでも良い。
また、本発明では、ポリマー粒子を含んだ塗液を用いると、得られるCFRPの靱性や耐衝撃性を向上させることができ、好ましい。この時、ポリマー粒子のガラス転移温度(Tg)または融点(Tm)は塗液温度よりも20℃以上高くすると、塗液中でポリマー粒子の形態を保持し易く、好ましい。ポリマー粒子のTgは温度変調DSCを用い、以下の条件で測定することができる。温度変調DSC装置としては、TA Instrments社製 Q1000などが好適であり、窒素雰囲気下、高純度インジウムで校正して用いることができる。測定条件は、昇温速度は2℃/分、温度変調条件は周期60秒、振幅1℃とすることができる。これで得られた全熱流から可逆成分を分離し、階段状シグナルの中点の温度をTgとすることができる。
本発明で用いる塗液としては、工程通過性・安定性の観点から最適な粘度を選択することが好ましい。具体的には、粘度を1~60Pa・sの範囲とすると、狭窄部出口での液垂れを抑制するとともにシート状強化繊維束の高速走行性、安定走行性を向上させることができ、好ましい。ここで、粘度は歪み速度3.14s-1で液溜り部での塗液温度で測定したものを言う。測定装置としては平行円盤型やコーン型などの粘弾性測定装置を用いることができる。塗液の粘度はより好ましくは10~30Pa・sである。
図1を参照して説明すると、塗工装置100における塗液2をシート状強化繊維束1aに付与する方法は、クリール11から巻き出された複数本の強化繊維1を、配列装置12によって一方向(紙面奥行き方向)に配列してシート状強化繊維束1aを得た後、シート状強化繊維束1aを塗布部20に実質的に鉛直方向下向きZに通過させて、シート状強化繊維束1aの両面に塗液2を付与するものである。これにより、塗液含浸シート状強化繊維束1bを得ることができる。
L≦W+10(mm)
これにより、端部での渦流れ発生が抑制され、シート状強化繊維束1aの割れや端部折れを抑制でき、塗液含浸シート状強化繊維束1bの全幅(W)にわたって均一に強化繊維1が配列された、高品位で安定性の高い塗液含浸シート状強化繊維束1bを得ることができる。さらに、この技術をプリプレグに適用した場合には、プリプレグの品位、品質を向上させるのみならず、これを用いて得られるFRPの力学特性や品質を向上させることができる。LとWの関係はより好ましくは、L≦W+2(mm)とすると、さらにシート状強化繊維束の割れや端部折れを抑制することができる。
前記では幅規制を側壁部材24a、24bが担う場合を示したが、図5に示すように、側壁部材24a、24b間に幅規制機構27a、27bを設け、かかる機構で幅規制を行うこともできる。これにより、幅規制機構によって規制される幅を自在に変更可能とすることで一つの塗布部により、種々の幅の塗液含浸シート状強化繊維束を製造できる観点から好ましい。ここで、狭窄部の直下におけるシート状強化繊維束の幅(W)と該幅規制機構下端において幅規制機構により規制される幅(L2)との関係はL2≦W+10(mm)とすることが好ましく、より好ましくは、L2≦W+2(mm)である。また、L2の下限は、W-5(mm)以上となるよう調整することが、塗液含浸シート状強化繊維束1bの幅方向寸法の均一性を向上させる観点から好ましい。幅規制機構の形状および材質に特に制限は無いが、板形状のブッシュであると簡便であり、好ましい。また、上部、すなわち液面に近い場所では壁面部材21a、21bとの間隔よりも小さい幅(図5参照。「Z方向からみた図」中、幅規制機構の上下方向の長さを指す)を有することで、塗液の水平方向の流れを妨げないようにでき、好ましい。一方、幅規制機構の中間部から下部にかけては塗布部の内部形状に沿った形状とすることが液溜り部での塗液の滞留を抑制でき、塗液の劣化を抑制できることから好ましい。この意味から、幅規制機構は狭窄部23まで挿入されることが好ましい。図5は、幅規制機構として板形状ブッシュの例を示しているが、ブッシュの中間より下部が液溜り部22のテーパー形状に沿い、狭窄部23まで挿入される例を示している。図5にはL2が液面から出口まで一定の例を示しているが、幅規制機構の目的を達成する範囲で部位によって規制する幅を変更してもよい。幅規制機構は任意の方法で塗布部20に固定することができるが、板形状ブッシュの場合には、上下方向で複数の部位で固定することで、高液圧による板形状ブッシュの変形による規制幅の変動を抑制することができる。例えば、上部はステーを用い、下部は塗布部に差し込むようにすると、幅規制機構による幅の規制が容易であり、好ましい。
前記で詳述したように、本発明においては、液溜り部22でシート状強化繊維束の走行方向に断面積が連続的に減少することで、シート状強化繊維束の走行方向に液圧を増大させることが重要であるが、ここでシート状強化繊維束の走行方向に断面積が連続的に減少するとは、走行方向に連続的に液圧を増大可能であれば、その形状には特に制限は無い。液溜り部の横断面図において、テーパー状(直線状)であったり、ラッパ状などのように曲線的な形態を示してもよい。また、断面積減少部は液溜り部全長にわたって連続してもよいし、本発明の目的、効果が得られる範囲であれば、一部に断面積が減少しない部分や逆に拡大する部分を含んでいてもよい。これらについて、以下に図6~9で例を挙げて詳述する。
シート状強化繊維束や本発明の塗液含浸シート状強化繊維束を搬送するための走行機構としては、公知のローラー等を好適に用いることができる。本発明ではシート状強化繊維束が鉛直下向きに搬送されるため、塗布部を挟んで上下にローラーを配置することが好ましい。
本発明では、塗布部から塗液含浸シート状強化繊維束を引き出すための高張力引き取り装置を塗布部より工程下流に配置することが好ましい。これは、塗布部で、シート状強化繊維束と塗液の間で高い摩擦力、せん断応力が発生するため、それに打ち勝って塗液含浸シート状強化繊維束を引き出すためには、工程下流で高い引き取り張力を発生させることが好ましいためである。高張力引き取り装置としては、ニップロールやS字ロールなどを用いることができるが、いずれもロールと塗液含浸シート状強化繊維束の間の摩擦力を高めることで、スリップを防止し、安定した走行を可能とすることができる。このためには、摩擦係数の高い材料をロール表面に配したり、ニップ圧力やS字ロールへの塗液含浸シート状強化繊維束の押し付け圧を高くすることが好ましい。スリップを防止する観点からは、S字ロールの方がロール径や接触長などで容易に摩擦力を制御でき、好ましい。
本発明を用いてのプリプレグやFRPの製造においては適宜離型シート供給装置やワインダーを用いることができ、そのようなものとしては公知のものを使用することができるが、いずれも巻き出し、あるいは巻き取り張力を巻き出しあるいは巻き取り速度にフィードバックできる機構を備えていることがシートの安定走行の観点から好ましい。
所望の含浸度に調整するために、本発明にさらに塗布後に別途、含浸装置を用いて更に含浸度を高める手段を組み合わせることも可能である。ここでは、塗布部での含浸と区別するために、塗布後に追加で含浸することを追含浸、そのための装置を追含浸装置と称することとする。追含浸装置として用いられる装置には特に制限は無く、目的に応じて公知のものから適宜選択することができる。例えば、特開2011-132389号公報やWO2015/060299パンフレット記載のように、シート状炭素繊維束と樹脂の積層体を、熱板で予熱しシート状炭素繊維束上の樹脂を十分軟化させた後、やはり加熱されたニップロールで加圧する装置を用いることで含浸を進めることができる。予熱のための熱板温度やニップロール表面温度、ニップロールの線圧、ニップロールの直径・数は所望の含浸度になるように適宜選択することができる。また、WO2010/150022パンフレット記載のようなプリプレグシートがS字型に走行する“S-ラップロール”を用いることも可能である。本発明では“S-ラップロール”を単に“S字ロール”と称することとする。WO2010/150022パンフレット図1ではプリプレグシートがS字型に走行する例が記載されているが、含浸が可能であれば、U字型や、V型またはΛ型のようにシートとロールの接触長を調整してもよい。また、含浸圧を高め含浸度を上げる場合には、対向するコンタクトロールを付加することも可能である。さらにWO2015/076981パンフレット図4記載のように、“S-ラップロール”に対向してコンベヤーベルトを配することで含浸効率を向上させ、プリプレグの製造速度の高速化をはかることも可能である。また、WO2017/068159パンフレットや特開2016-203397号公報などに記載のように、含浸前にプリプレグに超音波を付与し、プリプレグを急速昇温することで、含浸効率を向上させることも可能である。また、特開2017-154330号公報記載のように、超音波発生装置で複数の“しごき刃”振動させる含浸装置を用いることも可能である。また、特開2013-22868号公報記載のようにプリプレグを折り畳んで含浸することも可能である。
上記では、従来の追含浸装置を適用する例を示したが、塗布部直下では未だ塗液含浸シート状強化繊維束の温度が高い場合があり、そのような場合には塗布部を出て後、あまり時間が経っていない段階で追含浸操作を加えると、塗液含浸シート状強化繊維束を再昇温するための熱板などの加熱装置を省略あるいは簡略化し、含浸装置を大幅に簡略化・小型化することも可能である。このように塗布部直下に位置させる含浸装置を簡易追含浸装置と称することとする。簡易追含浸装置としては加熱ニップロールや加熱S字ロールを用いることができるが、通常の含浸装置に比較し、ロール径や設定圧力、プリプレグとロールの接触長を減じることができ、装置を小型化できるだけでなく消費電力なども減じることができ、好ましい。
本発明の製造方法で得られる塗液含浸シート状強化繊維束において塗液の含浸率は10%以上であることが望ましい。塗液の含浸率は、採取した塗液含浸シート状強化繊維束を裂き、内部を目視することで含浸の有無を確認することができ、より定量的には例えば剥離法で評価することが可能である。剥離法による塗液の含浸率は以下のようにして測定することができる。すなわち、採取した塗液含浸シート状強化繊維束を粘着テープで挟み、これを剥離し、塗液が付着した強化繊維と塗液が付着していない強化繊維を分離する。そして、投入したシート状強化繊維束全体の質量に対する塗液が付着した強化繊維の質量の比率を剥離法による塗液の含浸率とすることができる。
FRPの前駆体の一種であるプリプレグは本発明で得られる塗液含浸シート状強化繊維束の一形態であるため、本発明をFRP用途に適用する場合として、塗液含浸シート状強化繊維束をプリプレグと称して以下説明する。
プリプレグのスリット方法にも特に制限は無く、公知のスリット装置を用いることができる。プリプレグを一旦巻き取った後、改めてスリット装置に設置し、スリットを行っても良いし、効率化のため、プリプレグ一旦巻き取ることなくプリプレグ作製工程から連続してスリット工程を配置しても良い。また、スリット工程は1m以上の広幅プリプレグを直接、所望の幅にスリットしても良いし、一旦、30cm程度の細幅プリプレグにカット・小分けした後、これを改めて所望の幅にスリットしても良い。
本発明においては、塗布部を複数個用い、更なる製造工程の効率化やの高機能化を図ることができる。
本発明において塗布部内に塗液は貯留されているが、塗工が進行するので塗液を適宜補給することが好ましい。塗液を塗布部に供給する機構には特に制限は無く、公知の装置を使用することができる。塗液は連続的に塗布部に供給することが、塗布部の上部液面を乱さず、シート状強化繊維束の走行を安定化でき、好ましい。例えば、塗液を貯留する槽から自重を駆動力として供給したり、ポンプなどを用いて連続的に供給することができる。ポンプとしては、ギヤポンプやチューブポンプ、圧力ポンプなど塗液の性質に応じ適宜使用することができる。また、塗液が室温で固体の場合には、貯留層上部にメルターを備えておくことが好ましい。また、連続押し出し機などを用いることもできる。また、塗液供給量は塗液の塗布部上部の液面がなるべく一定となるよう、塗布量に応じ連続供給できる機構を備えることが好ましい。このためには、例えば液面高さや塗布部重量などをモニタリングし、それを供給装置にフィードバックするような機構が考えられる。
また、塗布量のモニタリングのために、塗布量をオンラインモニタリングできる機構を備えることが好ましい。オンラインモニタリング方法についても特に制限は無く、公知のものを使用可能である。例えば、厚みを計測する装置として、例えばベータ線計などを用いることができる。この場合は、シート状強化繊維束厚みと塗液含浸シート状強化繊維束の厚みを計測し、その差分を解析することで塗布量を見積もることが可能である。オンラインモニタリングされた塗布量は、直ぐに塗布部にフィードバックされ、塗布部の温度や狭窄部23の隙間D(図2参照)の調整に利用することができる。塗布量モニタリングは、もちろん欠点モニタリングとしても使用可能である。厚み計測位置としては、例えば図12で言えば、方向転換ロール419近傍でシート状強化繊維束416の厚みを計測し、塗布部430から方向転換ロール441の間で塗液含浸シート状強化繊維束の厚みを計測することができる。また、赤外線、近赤外線、カメラ(画像解析)などを用いたオンライン欠点モニタリングを行うことも好ましい。
本発明に係る図2の実施形態の塗布部20を用いて、シート状炭素繊維束1aにユニルーブ(塗液2)を付与した。シート状炭素繊維束1aの走行方向は鉛直方向下向きZ、液溜り部22はテーパー状(テーパー開き角度30°、テーパー高さ100mm)、液溜り部22の幅Lは40mmとした。走行速度20m/分で60分間の連続走行を行ったところ、毛羽詰まりや糸切れは発生せず、また毛羽詰まりの兆候も見られなかった。さらに、液溜り部22を通過中のシート状強化繊維束1aを側板部材24(透明)側から観察したところ、液溜り部22の下部付近のシート状強化繊維束1aの表面から直径1mm以下の細かな気泡が連続的に発生していた。発生した気泡は浮力によって液溜り部22の上方に排除され、液溜り部22の下部に留まることはなかった。また、得られたシート状炭素繊維束1bは幅Wが20mmで、両面にユニルーブが付与されたアスペクト比100以上のシート状物であり、シート状炭素繊維束1bを手で裂いて内部を目視確認したところ、ユニルーブが内部まで含浸していた。
図10は本発明とは別の実施形態の塗布部30の詳細横断面図である。本発明の実施形態とは異なり、図10の液溜り部32は鉛直方向下向きZに断面積が連続的に減少する領域を含まず、狭窄部23との境界33で断面積が断続的に(急激に)減少する構成である。この塗布部30を用いて、実施例1と同様の条件でシート状炭素繊維束1aにユニルーブを付与したところ、走行速度20m/分での走行開始直後にシート状炭素繊維束1aが塗布部30の内部で切断し、走行不可能となった。その後、塗布部30を分解して内部を確認したところ、液溜り部32と狭窄部23の境界33に大量の毛羽が詰まっていることを確認した。
実施例1における液溜り部22の幅Lを30mmに変更し、シート状炭素繊維束1aにユニルーブを付与した。このとき、狭窄部23直下で測定したシート状炭素繊維束1bの幅Wは20mmであり、L≦W+10mmの関係を満たしている。走行速度20m/分で60分間の連続走行を行ったところ、時折シート状炭素繊維束1aに繊維束の割れ、繊維束の端部折れが見られ、シート状炭素繊維束1aが均一に走行している時間の割合は70%程度であった。
実施例1における液溜り部22の幅Lを20mmに変更し、シート状炭素繊維束1aにユニルーブを付与した。このとき、狭窄部23直下で測定したシート状炭素繊維束1bの幅Wは20mmであり、L≦W+10mmの関係を満たしている。走行速度20m/分で60分間の連続走行を行ったところ、シート状炭素繊維束1aには繊維束の割れや繊維束の端部折れがほとんど見られず、シート状炭素繊維束1aが均一に走行している時間の割合は90%以上であった。
表3は塗液の温度を75℃(実施例4)、90℃(実施例5)、105℃(実施例6)の3通りに設定して走行速度20m/分で60分間の連続走行を行った結果をまとめた表である。いずれの条件でも毛羽詰まりや糸切れは発生せず、また毛羽詰まりの兆候も見られなかった(走行安定性「Good」)。また、液溜り部22直上のシート状炭素繊維束1aには繊維束の割れや繊維束の端部折れはほとんど見られず、均一に走行している時間の割合は90%以上であった(繊維束の割れ「Excellent」、繊維束の端部折れ「Excellent」)。得られたシート状プリプレグ1bは両面に塗液が付着したアスペクト比100以上のシート状物であり、得られたシート状炭素繊維束1bを裂いたところ、シート状炭素繊維束内部の炭素繊維にも塗液が付着しているものが有り、含浸していることを確認した。また、含浸を定量化するため、塗液が付着した繊維(含浸部)の質量(繊維部分のみ)の投入したシート状炭素繊維束1a全体の質量に対する質量比率を含浸率としたところ、実施例4~6では40~60%であった。
次に、表4は実施例7、8において、液溜り部22の断面積が連続的に減少する高さHを変えた場合の、塗液の温度を90℃に設定して走行速度20m/分で60分間の連続走行を行った結果をまとめた表である。実施例7、8の実施条件は、塗布部に本発明に係る図8の塗布部20dを用いている以外は、実施例5の条件と同じである。実施例7、8に共通の実施条件として、液溜り部22の断面積が連続的に減少する領域22aはテーパー状(直線状)とし、テーパーの開き角度θは30°、液溜り部22の上部液面まで高さCは100mmとした。液溜り部22の断面積が連続的に減少する高さHは、実施例7は5mm、実施例8は10mmとした。いずれの条件でも毛羽詰まりや糸切れは発生しなかった(走行安定性「Good」)。
図7の形態の塗布部20cタイプの塗布部を用い、プリプレグ製造装置として図21記載の構成の装置(樹脂供給部は描画を省略)を用いた。
熱硬化性エポキシ樹脂組成物1(塗液A):
エポキシ樹脂(芳香族アミン型エポキシ樹脂+ビスフェノール型エポキシ樹脂の混合物)、硬化剤(ジアミノジフェニルスルホン)、ポリエーテルスルホンの混合物であり、ポリマー粒子は含有していない。この熱硬化性エポキシ樹脂1の粘度をTA Instruments社製ARES-G2を用いて、測定周波数0.5Hz、昇温速度1.5℃/分で測定したところ、75℃で50Pa・s、90℃で15Pa・s、105℃で4Pa・sであった。
エポキシ樹脂(芳香族アミン型エポキシ樹脂+ビスフェノール型エポキシ樹脂の混合物)、硬化剤(ジアミノジフェニルスルホン)、ポリエーテルスルホンの混合物に、ポリマー粒子として、特開2011-162619号公報実施例記載の「粒子3」(Tg=150℃)を樹脂組成物全体の質量を100質量%としたとき12質量%となるよう添加したものを用いた。
塗液としては熱硬化性エポキシ樹脂組成物1(塗液A)を用い、幅規制機構として2つの板状ブッシュを用い、それらの下端間の距離L2を各々300mm(実施例9)、150mm(実施例10)とし、炭素繊維ボビン数をそれぞれ56、28として300mm幅、150mm幅のプリプレグを作製した。ただし、この実施例9および10では追含浸装置450の熱板451、加熱ニップロール454は使用せず、追含浸は行わなかった。なお、液溜り部の塗液温度は90℃(15Pa・s相当)とした。また、シート状強化繊維束、プリプレグの走行速度は20m/分とした。この時の各種安定走行評価項目、含浸率を表5に示すが、幅規制機構を使用することにより、同じ塗布部を用いても所望のプリプレグ幅で安定走行でき、シート状強化繊維束の繊維束の割れ、端部折れともに「Excellent」であることを確認した。ただし、表5の評価は走行時間30分間で実施した。なお、本実施例では、含浸率が実施例5、7、8に比べ高くなったが、これは図7記載の塗布部は液圧を高くできるためと考えられる。
液溜り部の塗液温度を82℃(28Pa・s相当)としたほかは、実施例9と同様の方法で300mm幅プリプレグの作製を行った。この時の各種安定走行評価項目、含浸率を表6に示すが、良好な走行性であった。ただし、問題となるほどではないがシート状強化繊維束の「繊維束の割れ」は実施例9には及ばなかった。
塗液として熱硬化性エポキシ樹脂2(塗液B)を用い、液溜り部の塗液温度を90℃(実施例12)、105℃(実施例13)としたほかは実施例9と同様の方法で300mm幅プリプレグの作製を行った。この時の各種安定走行評価項目、含浸率を表6に示すが、ともに良好な評価結果であったが、実施例13の方が走行安定性、含浸率とも優位であった。
熱板451と加熱ニップロール452を備えた追含浸装置450を稼働させて用いた以外は、実施例9(実施例14に対応)および実施例13(実施例15に対応)に記載の方法でシート状強化繊維束に塗液の含浸を行い、引き続いてそれを追含浸機装置450に導き、特開2011-132389号公報を参考にインラインで追含浸を行った。得られたプリプレグの含浸度は双方とも90%以上であった。
実施例14および実施例15で得られた300mm幅プリプレグ/離型紙からなるシート状一体物をスリットし、幅7mmのプリプレグテープを得た。これらのプリプレグテープは含浸が十分進んでいるため、スリッターのカッター刃への樹脂の付着は少ないものであった。
実施例14~17で得られたプリプレグ、プリプレグテープを6層積層し、オートクレーブを用いて180℃、6kgf/cm2(0.588MPa)で2時間硬化させ、CFRPを得た(実施例18~21)。得られたCFRPは何れも引っ張り強度が2.8GPa~3.1GPaの範囲にあり、航空・宇宙用の構造材料として好適な機械特性を有していた。
本出願は、2017年03月23日出願の日本国特許出願、特願2017-056926に基づくものであり、その内容はここに参照として取り込まれる。
1a シート状強化繊維束
1b 塗液含浸シート状強化繊維束
2 塗液
3 離型シート
11 クリール
12 配列装置
13、14 搬送ロール
15 巻取り装置
16 離型シート供給装置
20 塗布部
20b 別の実施形態の塗布部
20c 別の実施形態の塗布部
20d 別の実施形態の塗布部
20e 別の実施形態の塗布部
21a、21b 壁面部材
21c、21d 別の形状の壁面部材
21e、21f 別の形状の壁面部材
21g、21h 別の形状の壁面部材
21i、21j 別の形状の壁面部材
22 液溜り部
22a 液溜り部のうち断面積が連続的に減少する領域
22b 液溜り部のうち断面積が減少しない領域
22c 液溜り部のうち断面積が断続的に減少する領域
23 狭窄部
24a、24b 側板部材
25 出口
26 隙間
30 比較例1の塗布部
31a、31b 比較例1の壁面部材
32 比較例1の液溜り部
33 比較例1の液溜り部のうち断面積が断続的に減少する領域
35a、35b、35c バー
100 塗工装置
B 液溜り部22の奥行き
C 液溜り部22の上部液面までの高さ
D 狭窄部の隙間
G 幅規制を行う位置
H 液溜り部22の断面積が連続的に減少する鉛直方向高さ
L 液溜り部22の幅
R、Ra、Rb 渦流れ
T 循環流
W 狭窄部23の直下で測定した塗液含浸シート状強化繊維束1bの幅
Y 狭窄部23の幅
Z シート状強化繊維束1aの走行方向(鉛直方向下向き)
θ テーパー部の開き角度
411 クリール
412 強化繊維ボビン
413 方向転換ガイド
414 強化繊維束
415 強化繊維配列装置
416 シート状強化繊維束
417 拡幅装置
418 平滑化装置
419 方向転換ロール
420 強化繊維予熱装置
430 塗布部
431 第1の塗布部
432 第2の塗布部
441 方向転換ロール
442 離型シート(上)供給装置
443 離型シート(下)供給装置
444 高張力引取り装置
445 方向転換ロール
446 離型シート
447 積層ロール
448 高張力引取り装置
449 高張力引取りS字ロール
450 追含浸装置
451 熱板
452 加熱ニップロール
453 簡易追含浸装置
454 加熱ニップロール
455 加熱S字ロール
456 コンタクトロール
461 冷却装置
462 引き取り装置
463 離型シート(上)巻取装置
464 ワインダー
471 プリプレグ(塗液含浸シート状強化繊維束)
472 プリプレグ/離型シート(シート状一体物)
Claims (18)
- 塗液が貯留された塗布部の内部に、
強化繊維を一方向に配列したシート状強化繊維束を、
実質的に鉛直方向下向きに通過させて塗液をシート状強化繊維束に付与する塗液含浸シート状強化繊維束の製造方法であって、
前記塗布部は互いに連通された液溜り部と狭窄部を備え、
前記液溜り部はシート状強化繊維束の走行方向に沿って断面積が連続的に減少する部分を有し、
前記狭窄部はスリット状の断面を有し、かつ液溜り部上面よりも小さい断面積を有する、
塗液含浸シート状強化繊維束の製造方法。 - 強化繊維の配列方向における液溜り部の下部の幅Lと、
狭窄部の直下におけるシート状強化繊維束の幅Wが、
L≦W+10(mm)
を満たす、請求項1に記載の塗液含浸シート状強化繊維束の製造方法。 - 液溜り部内にシート状強化繊維束の幅を規制するための幅規制機構を備え、狭窄部の直下におけるシート状強化繊維束の幅(W)と該幅規制機構下端において幅規制機構により規制される幅(L2)との関係が、L2≦W+10(mm)を満たす、請求項1または2記載の塗液含浸シート状強化繊維束の製造方法。
- 前記幅規制機構が前記液溜り部および狭窄部の全域にわたって具備されている請求項3記載の塗液含浸シート状強化繊維束の製造方法。
- 液溜り部における断面積が連続的に減少する部分の鉛直方向高さが10mm以上である、
請求項1~4の何れかに記載の塗液含浸シート状強化繊維束の製造方法。 - 歪み速度3.14s-1で測定した塗液の粘度が1~60Pa・sである請求項1~5の何れかに記載の塗液含浸シート状強化繊維束の製造方法。
- 塗液が熱硬化性樹脂を含む請求項1~6の何れかに記載の塗液含浸シート状強化繊維束の製造方法。
- ポリマー粒子を含んだ塗液を用い、かつ、塗布部内における該塗液の温度を前記ポリマー粒子を構成する樹脂のガラス転移温度(Tg)または融点(Tm)よりも20℃以上低い状態で塗液をシート状強化繊維束に付与することを特徴とする請求項1~7の何れかに記載の塗液含浸シート状強化繊維束の製造方法。
- シート状強化繊維束を加熱した後、液溜り部に導く請求項1~8の何れかに記載の塗液含浸シート状強化繊維束の製造方法。
- シート状強化繊維束を平滑化処理した後、液溜り部に導く請求項1~9の何れかに記載の塗液含浸シート状強化繊維束の製造方法。
- シート状強化繊維束を拡幅処理した後、液溜り部に導く請求項1~10の何れかに記載の塗液含浸シート状強化繊維束の製造方法。
- 請求項1~11のいずれかに記載の塗液含浸シート状強化繊維束の製造方法により塗液含浸シート状強化繊維束を得て、得られた塗液含浸シート状強化繊維束の少なくとも片面に離型シートを付与してシート状一体物とした後、シート状一体物を引き取るシート状一体物の製造方法。
- シート状一体物を形成した後に追含浸を行う請求項12記載のシート状一体物の製造方法。
- 強化繊維が一方向に配列されたシート状強化繊維束に塗液を付与する塗工装置であって、
シート状強化繊維束を実質的に鉛直方向下向きに走行させる走行機構と、
塗布機構を有し、前記塗布機構はその内部に塗液を貯留可能であり、さらに互いに連通された液溜り部と狭窄部を備えており、
前記液溜り部は、シート状強化繊維束の走行方向に沿って断面積が連続的に減少する部分を有し、
前記狭窄部は、スリット状の断面を有し、かつ液溜り部上面よりも小さい断面積を有する、塗工装置。 - 強化繊維を配列しシート状強化繊維束を形成する機構とシート状強化繊維束を加熱する機構と請求項14記載の塗工装置と離型シートの供給装置とニップロールおよび/またはS字ロールとワインダーとを備えたシート状一体物の製造装置。
- 請求項1~13の何れか記載の製造方法および/または請求項14もしくは15記載の製造装置により製造されたプリプレグ。
- 請求項16記載のプリプレグをスリットしてなるプリプレグテープ。
- 請求項16記載のプリプレグおよび/または請求項17記載のプリプレグテープを成形してなる繊維強化複合材料。
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| JPWO2019235237A1 (ja) * | 2018-06-05 | 2021-07-01 | 東レ株式会社 | 塗液含浸強化繊維ファブリック、シート状一体物、プリプレグ、プリプレグテープおよび繊維強化複合材料の製造方法 |
| JP7215419B2 (ja) | 2018-06-05 | 2023-01-31 | 東レ株式会社 | 塗液含浸強化繊維ファブリック、シート状一体物、プリプレグ、プリプレグテープおよび繊維強化複合材料の製造方法 |
| WO2020040150A1 (ja) * | 2018-08-22 | 2020-02-27 | 東レ株式会社 | プリプレグ、プリプレグテープおよび繊維強化複合材料の製造方法ならびに塗工装置 |
| JP6680410B1 (ja) * | 2018-08-22 | 2020-04-15 | 東レ株式会社 | プリプレグ、プリプレグテープおよび繊維強化複合材料の製造方法ならびに塗工装置 |
| EP3842202A4 (en) * | 2018-08-22 | 2021-10-27 | Toray Industries, Inc. | MANUFACTURING PROCESS FOR PREPREG, PREPREG TAPE AND FIBER REINFORCED COMPOSITE MATERIAL AND DEVICE FOR MANUFACTURING PREPREG |
| US11566117B2 (en) | 2018-08-22 | 2023-01-31 | Toray Industries, Inc. | Production method for prepreg, prepreg tape, and fiber reinforced composite material, and coating device |
| JP2022101944A (ja) * | 2020-12-25 | 2022-07-07 | 東レ株式会社 | 成型体の製造方法、およびフィラメントワインディング装置 |
| JP7676771B2 (ja) | 2020-12-25 | 2025-05-15 | 東レ株式会社 | 成型体の製造方法、およびフィラメントワインディング装置 |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP3603917B1 (en) | 2022-03-02 |
| EP3603917A1 (en) | 2020-02-05 |
| CN110430984A (zh) | 2019-11-08 |
| US11224993B2 (en) | 2022-01-18 |
| JP6418356B1 (ja) | 2018-11-07 |
| TW201834752A (zh) | 2018-10-01 |
| JP2019022886A (ja) | 2019-02-14 |
| US20200039114A1 (en) | 2020-02-06 |
| JPWO2018173617A1 (ja) | 2019-03-28 |
| RU2019133129A (ru) | 2021-04-23 |
| KR20190131483A (ko) | 2019-11-26 |
| CN110430984B (zh) | 2021-09-14 |
| JP6451891B1 (ja) | 2019-01-16 |
| ES2909740T3 (es) | 2022-05-10 |
| EP3603917A4 (en) | 2020-09-30 |
| KR102434377B1 (ko) | 2022-08-18 |
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