WO2018172018A1 - Sealed rotary electric machine comprising a device for cooling the stator coil winding overhangs - Google Patents
Sealed rotary electric machine comprising a device for cooling the stator coil winding overhangs Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2018172018A1 WO2018172018A1 PCT/EP2018/054698 EP2018054698W WO2018172018A1 WO 2018172018 A1 WO2018172018 A1 WO 2018172018A1 EP 2018054698 W EP2018054698 W EP 2018054698W WO 2018172018 A1 WO2018172018 A1 WO 2018172018A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- carcass
- machine according
- flanges
- electrical machine
- integrated
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K5/00—Casings; Enclosures; Supports
- H02K5/04—Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof
- H02K5/20—Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof with channels or ducts for flow of cooling medium
- H02K5/207—Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof with channels or ducts for flow of cooling medium with openings in the casing specially adapted for ambient air
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K5/00—Casings; Enclosures; Supports
- H02K5/04—Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof
- H02K5/20—Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof with channels or ducts for flow of cooling medium
- H02K5/203—Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof with channels or ducts for flow of cooling medium specially adapted for liquids, e.g. cooling jackets
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K9/00—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating
- H02K9/22—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating by solid heat conducting material embedded in, or arranged in contact with, the stator or rotor, e.g. heat bridges
- H02K9/223—Heat bridges
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K9/00—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating
- H02K9/22—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating by solid heat conducting material embedded in, or arranged in contact with, the stator or rotor, e.g. heat bridges
- H02K9/227—Heat sinks
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K9/00—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating
- H02K9/08—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating by gaseous cooling medium circulating wholly within the machine casing
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K9/00—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating
- H02K9/14—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating wherein gaseous cooling medium circulates between the machine casing and a surrounding mantle
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the field of rotating electrical machines, in particular the cooling of rotating electrical machines.
- It relates more particularly to the cooling of a closed rotary electrical machine with synchronous reluctance.
- a rotating electrical machine conventionally comprises a fixed part, the stator, and a rotatable part, the rotor, arranged coaxially one inside the other.
- the rotor is generally housed inside the stator which carries electrical windings generating a magnetic field for rotating the rotor.
- the rotor typically comprises a body formed of a stack of sheets, and placed on a rotating shaft. These sheets include housings for permanent magnets or coils forming magnetic poles at the periphery of the rotor. Magnets may appear on the surface of the rotor or be completely integrated within the rotor.
- the rotor may comprise permanent magnets housed inside flow barriers carried by this rotor, these flow barriers being typically empty spaces. It is also called synchro-reluctant machine assisted by permanent magnets.
- the main sources of heat in an electrical machine are the windings, and in particular the coil heads, on the stator side, and the magnets and the shaft on the rotor side.
- the stator winding is also sensitive to temperature rises: the higher the winding temperature, the higher the electrical conductivity of the copper and the duration life of the winding are reduced.
- a general objective of the invention is to provide efficient cooling of a closed rotary electrical machine, in particular of a synchronous reluctance closed rotary electrical machine, also known as synchro-reluctant, in order to guarantee performance and efficiency.
- a closed rotary electrical machine in particular of a synchronous reluctance closed rotary electrical machine, also known as synchro-reluctant
- the electric machine in particular in the case of a closed rotary electrical machine with synchronous reluctance, and in particular when the electric machine has a high protection rating "IP" in accordance with the EN 60529 standard, typically an IP67 protection rating .
- the present invention aims to improve the cooling of such an electric machine, more precisely the cooling of the coil heads of the stator.
- a closed rotating electrical machine comprising:
- stator disposed in a carcass sealed in a sealed manner by a front flange and a rear flange, said stator comprising a body carrying coils, said coils comprising heads disposed outside said stator body;
- a rotor rotatably mounted in the stator and fixed to a rotating shaft rotating about a central axis;
- a cooling device comprising a coating of the coil heads, the coating comprising a material that is both an electrical insulator and a thermal conductor and is in contact with a thermally conductive part of the carcass and the front and rear flanges so as to create a thermal bridge between the coil heads, the carcass and the front and rear flanges.
- the coating comprises a resin.
- the coating is formed by an epoxy resin, preferably having a thermal conductivity greater than 1 W / m.K.
- the thermally conductive portion of the carcass and the front and rear flanges is metal, preferably aluminum.
- the cooling device further comprises a first liquid cooling circuit integrated in the front flange, a second liquid cooling circuit integrated in the rear flange, and a third liquid cooling circuit integrated into the carcass, each of the first second and third liquid cooling circuits comprising an inlet and an outlet of a coolant and at least one conduit connected to the inlet and outlet for the circulation of the coolant.
- the duct may be a first annular duct integrated in the front flange and arranged around the central axis for the first liquid cooling circuit, and a second annular duct integrated in the rear flange and arranged around the central axis for the second liquid cooling circuit.
- these first and second annular ducts are integrated in the front and rear flanges near the coating of the coil heads.
- the conduit of the third liquid cooling circuit may be a cavity forming a hollow cylindrical integrated into the carcass.
- the conduit of the third liquid cooling circuit is a coil integrated in the carcass.
- the coolant comprises water.
- the cooling device comprises external air cooling means for cooling the carcass and the front and rear flanges, the external cooling means preferably comprising an external fan disposed on the outer face of the rear flange and fixed mounted on the rotating shaft, to send outside air along the carcass towards the front flange.
- the cooling device further comprises a pair of internal fans arranged inside the carcass to create a flow of air inside the carcass during rotation of the rotor, each internal fan being fixedly mounted on the rotation shaft between the rotor and a bearing, and the inner and outer flanges each having an inner face provided with fins on the periphery of a central housing of the flange receiving the bearing, so as to orient the air flow and capture the heat of said airflow.
- the electric machine according to the invention is preferably an electrical machine with synchronous reluctance.
- Figure 1 is a perspective view of an electric machine according to one embodiment of the invention in which the cooling of the carcass and flanges of the machine is made by liquid.
- FIG. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view of the electric machine shown in FIG.
- FIG. 3 is a cutaway perspective view of the rear portion of the electric machine shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.
- Fig. 4 is a cutaway perspective view of a stator coil head of the electric machine shown in Figs. 1 to 3.
- the object of the invention is to provide a closed rotary electrical machine comprising an active part formed by a stator and a rotor, disposed in a casing sealed by two flanges, and incorporating a cooling device of the coil heads.
- the cooling device comprises a coating of the coil heads, this coating comprising a material both electrical insulator and thermal conductor, typically a resin, and this coating is in contact with a thermally conductive portion of the carcass and flanges , so as to create a thermal bridge between the coil heads, the carcass and the front and rear flanges.
- the heat of the coil heads can then be efficiently transmitted to the flanges and to the carcass via the thermally conductive coating, and thus be dissipated, being discharged to the outside of the machine.
- the heat dissipation of the coil heads towards the outside of the electrical machine can be done by an air cooling system of the carcass and flanges, preferably active, as with the aid of an external fan, or by a liquid cooling system.
- the electric machine according to the invention is cooled by a liquid cooling system.
- the cooling device comprises a cooling circuit specific to each of the flanges and to the carcass, ie three separate liquid cooling circuits, which notably make it possible to improve the cooling of the electric machine, and more particularly the cooling the coil heads in combination with the specific coating thereof when the liquid flow is performed near the coil heads.
- closed electrical machine an electric machine whose rotor and the stator are enclosed in a sealed casing, which can also be referred to as a casing.
- the carcass which contains the rotor and the stator of the electric machine, is sealed by two flanges.
- the carcass preferably has a generally cylindrical shape, and the flanges a general disc shape.
- internal air is meant the air contained in the closed electric machine, more precisely the air enclosed in the sealed casing of the machine, and by external air the air outside the rotating electric machine closed.
- Figure 1 shows a closed electric machine according to the embodiment of the invention comprising a liquid cooling system of the carcass with its front and rear flanges, which can be used as an electric traction motor in an electric or hybrid vehicle.
- a motor as shown in Figure 1 is a synchronous reluctance motor, also called synchro-reluctant, with a continuous power of 35 kW, peak power 52 kW, and can operate with a voltage of DC bus power supply of 330 V.
- the present invention is not limited to this topology of electrical machine, and more broadly relates to any type of electrical machine, in particular electrical machines whose transient power (peak: transient for 30 seconds) is between 20 kW and 400 kW.
- the electric motor 100 comprises a carcass 130 sealingly closed by a front flange 1 10 and a rear flange 120.
- the carcass 130 and the flanges 1 and 10 are preferably made of metal, preferably aluminum.
- the stator, with its coils, and the rotor of the electric motor are contained in the sealed carcass 130.
- the interior of the carcass 130 is best shown in Figures 2, 3 and 4, which is referred to below.
- the stator 190 comprises a body 192, typically formed by a stack of sheets, carrying coils 193.
- the heads 191 of the coils are disposed outside the body 192 of the stator. They exceed in fact on both sides of the body 192 along the central axis (X), which is the axis of rotation of the rotor 150 and the rotation shaft 160.
- the rotor 150 is conventionally rotatably mounted in the stator 190 and fixed to the rotational shaft 160.
- the rotor also comprises, in a conventional manner, a body formed of a stack of sheets, these sheets may comprise housings for permanent magnets forming magnetic poles at the periphery of the rotor.
- the rotor body may also include recesses for creating magnetic flux barriers.
- the rotation shaft 160 rotating about the central axis (X), is carried by the front and rear flanges 120 disposed respectively at the opposite ends front and rear of the carcass 130: the front flange 1 10, disposed at a first end of the carcass 130, supports the drive side of the load 160a of the rotation shaft 160, and the rear flange 120, disposed at a second end of the carcass opposite the first end, supports the opposite side at the driving side of the load 160b of the rotation shaft 160.
- the front of the machine will be referred to as the side of the machine in which a load is driven by the rotational shaft of the rotor, and by the back of the machine the opposite side.
- the front and rear flanges 120 each comprise an internal face facing towards the inside of the machine, an external face turned towards the outside of the machine, and a central housing (116a, 126a), positioned in a medial portion of the inner face, for receiving a bearing (171, 172), as shown in Figures 2 and 3.
- the bearings 171 and 172 respectively support the driving side of the load 160a and the opposite side to the side driving the load 160b.
- the bearings 171, 172 are for example ball bearing, as visible in Figures 2 and 3.
- the front and rear flanges 120 comprise sealing means for sealing the carcass 130, for example gaskets provided at the central housings (116a, 126a), and also on the perimeter of the housing. peripheral portion of the flanges intended to come into contact with the carcass 130.
- the machine comprises a cooling device comprising a coating 140 of the heads 191 of the coils 193.
- the coating 140 comprises a material that is both electrical insulator and thermal conductor, and is in contact with a thermally conductive part of the carcass 130 and front flanges 1 10 and back 120, so as to create a thermal bridge between the heads 191 of coils, the carcass 130 and the front flanges 1 10 and back 120.
- the thermal bridge is created at the surface of contact 194 between the coating, the carcass and the flanges, shown schematically by a black line in Figure 4 detailing a coil head and its coating in the motor 100, this contact surface 194 constituting a heat exchange surface.
- the coating comprises a resin, and more preferably an epoxy resin, advantageously comprising a thermal conductivity greater than 1 W / mK.
- the epoxy resin Elan-tron® MC 622 / W 363 can used to form the coating, having a thermal conductivity of between 1.1 and 1.2 W / mK (measurement method: 10-10-87 - ASTM C518), and a dielectric constant of between 4.2 and 4 , 6 (measurement method: 10-10-85 - ASTM C518).
- the contact between the coating and the flanges and the carcass is obtained during the assembly of the electrical machine, for example by pressing the coil heads previously coated with the thermally conductive material and electrical insulator, said material being in a deformable state, more precisely plastic, during pressing.
- Other manufacturing methods can be implemented to form the coating of the coil heads in contact with the flanges and the carcass, so as to create the thermal bridge, for example an injection of the coating material at the level of the coils. coil heads, one-piece machining to form the coating, etc.
- the cooling device combines the specific coating of the coil heads and a liquid cooling system of the flanges and the carcass with three separate circuits.
- a first liquid cooling circuit is integrated in the front flange 1 10
- a second liquid cooling circuit is integrated in the rear flange 120
- a third liquid cooling circuit is integrated into the carcass 130.
- each cooling circuit circulates a coolant liquid, for example water, which recovers the heat transmitted by the flanges and the carcass, in particular the heat transmitted via the thermally conductive part of the flanges and the carcass in contact with the coating.
- a coolant liquid for example water
- Each of the cooling circuits has the following elements:
- At least one duct connected to said inlet and outlet for the circulation of the coolant.
- FIG. 1 The inlet and outlet of the different liquid cooling circuits are clearly visible in FIG. 1:
- the inlet 123 and the outlet 124 of the second cooling circuit integrated in the front flange 120 which are connected to a duct 125, visible in FIGS. 2 and 3, in which circulates the heat transfer liquid capable of exchanging heat with the thermally conductive portion of the front flange 120;
- the inlets and outlets of the cooling circuits integrated into the flanges may be arranged on the carcass, more precisely at the front and rear ends of the carcass partially covering the front and rear flanges, as exemplified on the motor 100 shown in FIGS. to 4, or may be carried by the flanges themselves.
- the inlet 1 13 and the outlet 1 14 of the first cooling circuit of the front flange 1 10 are for example aligned on the surface of the carcass 130 along an axis orthogonal to the central axis (X). The same applies to the inlet 123 and the outlet 124 of the second cooling circuit of the rear flange 120.
- the inlet 133 and the outlet 134 of the third cooling circuit of the carcass 130 are for example aligned on the surface of the carcass 130 along an axis parallel to the central axis (X).
- the ducts 1 and 125 respectively integrated in the front flanges 1 10 and back 120 are annular conduits integrated in the flange, arranged around the central axis (X). These ring-shaped ducts are thus open at one end on the input of the circuit and at the other end on the output of the circuit.
- the duct 135 of the third liquid cooling circuit may be a space forming a hollow cylinder integrated into the carcass.
- said duct 135 extends between the two ends of the carcass closed by the flanges, as exemplified in the motor 100 shown in FIGS. 1 to 4.
- the duct 135 of the third liquid cooling circuit may alternatively be an integrated coil in the carcass and extending in the same way between the two closed ends of the carcass. Any other form or configuration of duct or conduit network integrated into the carcass may be considered to form the third circuit of cooling, as long as the conduit or conduit network covers a substantial area of the carcass so as to effectively cool the interior of the machine.
- the conduit 135 may for example be created by a space formed at the junction of different parts (at least two) constituting the carcass, as is the case of the motor 100 shown in Figures 1 to 4, and clearly visible in the figure 4.
- the space 135 is formed between on the one hand an inner part 131 of the carcass in contact with the stator and the coating 140 of the coil heads, and on the other hand a part external 131 b of the carcass 130 in contact with the outside air.
- the ducts 1 and 125 of the first and second cooling circuits are advantageously integrated in the front and rear flanges near the coating of the coil heads.
- each annular duct (1 15,125) integrated in the flange is formed by a space created between different component parts of the flange.
- each flange comprises at least one peripheral portion (1 16b, 126b) and a central portion, the peripheral portion being in contact with the carcass 130 and the central portion comprising or being the central housing (1 16a, 126a) which receives the bearing (171, 172) supporting the ends of the rotational shaft 160.
- the annular conduit is then formed by a space provided in a contact zone between the central portion and the peripheral portion, for example by a recess made at the surface of the central portion and / or the peripheral portion of the flange. An example of such a configuration is clearly visible in FIG.
- FIG. 4 which shows the rectangular section of the annular duct 125 formed by a space left between the central housing 126a and the peripheral portion 126b of the flange 120, said space being formed by a circular notch on the surface of the central housing 126a facing the carcass 130.
- the conduit 125 integrated in the flange 120 is positioned near the coated coil head to effectively cool it, more precisely near the coil. coated coil head, between said coil head and the bearing along an axis orthogonal to the central axis (X).
- the first and second cooling circuits may each comprise a plurality of ducts capable of forming a duct network integrated in the flange, or may comprise a duct of a shape other than that of a ring, or else be an annular duct of section other than rectangular, for example of circular section, or any.
- the heat transfer liquid preferably comprises water, which may contain additives such as ethylene glycol or propylene glycol to increase the boiling temperature and / or increase its frost resistance, but may be all other coolant conventionally used in liquid engine cooling circuits.
- the present invention is not limited to a machine in which the cooling device comprises a liquid cooling of the carcass and flanges.
- the cooling device of the machine combines the specific coating of the coil heads and a cooling system comprising external air cooling means for cooling the flanges and the carcass.
- external air cooling means for cooling the flanges and the carcass.
- These means may typically comprise an external fan disposed facing the outer face of the rear flange, the fan being for example fixedly mounted on the rotation shaft for sending outside air along the carcass in the direction of the front flange.
- the carcass may advantageously have an external surface comprising a set of elongated cooling fins substantially along an axis parallel to the central axis (X), and preferably surmounted by metal plates which confine the flow of air on the outer surface of the carcass.
- the air thus preferably passes in the passages formed between the elongated cooling fins substantially along the axis (X), being confined to the space formed between the metal plates and the outer surface of the carcass.
- Such an external air cooling system is for example described in the French patent application filed under number 16 / 59.996.
- the cooling device of the machine combines the specific coating of the coil heads with a cooling system comprising a pair of internal fans arranged inside the carcass for creating a flow of air inside the carcass during the rotation of the rotor, each internal fan being fixedly mounted on the rotation shaft between the rotor body and a bearing.
- fins are arranged on the inner face of the flanges, at the periphery of a central housing of the flange receiving the bearing, so as to guide the air flow and capture the heat of said air flow.
- the fins of the inner face of the front and rear flanges are capable of directing the air flow created by each internal fan radially towards the heads of the stator-covered coils and then to return the air flow from the coil heads.
- embedded in the center of the flange first in a direction parallel to the axis (X) at the coil heads, then radially towards the rotation shaft.
- Such an internal air flow is thus carried out on the front side and on the rear side of the motor, on either side of the rotor, and the fins of the inner faces of the flanges, in addition to orienting the internal air flow, make it possible to dissipate the heat of the air flow and thus cool the coil heads, as well as the shaft and the rotor of the electric machine.
- the fins have a shape such that they contribute to a specific internal air circulation which effectively cools the coil heads and the rotating part of the machine, for example each fin is preferably flat, and has a general shape trapezoidal base (parallel opposite sides) orthogonal to the axis (X), and whose opposite side to the housing 1 16a is not straight but curved, having a concavity (relative to a point on the periphery u flask in the radial extension of the fin).
- This concavity of the edge of the fin ensures optimum proximity to the coated coil heads while ensuring optimized airflow for efficient cooling.
- This embodiment can be combined with the embodiment in which the cooling system comprises external air cooling means for cooling the flanges and the carcass, such as an external fan, or with the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 to 4 wherein the cooling system of the flanges and the carcass is a liquid cooling system with three separate circuits.
- the present invention is advantageously applicable to synchronous reluctance motors, and preferably to machines having a power of between 20 kW and 400 kW.
- the cooled engine according to the invention can be a synchronous-motor with a continuous power of 30 kW, peak power 52 kW, which can operate with a bus power supply voltage.
- DC 330 V and having the following dimensions: outside diameter of the rotor 134 mm, outside diameter of the stator 200 mm, outer diameter of the shell 250 mm, motor length 214 mm, length of the active part (corresponding at the length of the stack of the rotor plates) of 100 mm.
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Abstract
Description
MACHINE ELECTRIQUE TOURNANTE FERMEE COMPORTANT UN DISPOSITIF DE REFROIDISSEMENT DES TETES DE BOBINE DU STATOR CLOSED ROTARY ELECTRIC MACHINE COMPRISING A STATOR COIL HEAD COOLING DEVICE
Domaine de l'invention Field of the invention
La présente invention concerne le domaine des machines électriques tournantes, en particulier le refroidissement de machines électriques tournantes. The present invention relates to the field of rotating electrical machines, in particular the cooling of rotating electrical machines.
Elle concerne plus particulièrement le refroidissement d'une machine électrique tournante fermée à réluctance synchrone. It relates more particularly to the cooling of a closed rotary electrical machine with synchronous reluctance.
Contexte général General context
Une machine électrique tournante comporte classiquement une partie fixe, le stator, et une partie mobile en rotation, le rotor, disposées coaxialement l'une dans l'autre. Le rotor est généralement logé à l'intérieur du stator qui porte des bobinages électriques générant un champ magnétique permettant d'entraîner en rotation le rotor. Le rotor comprend typiquement un corps formé d'un empilage de tôles, et placé sur un arbre de rotation. Ces tôles comprennent des logements pour des aimants permanents ou des bobines formant des pôles magnétiques à la périphérie du rotor. Les aimants peuvent apparaître à la surface du rotor ou être complètement intégrés au sein du rotor. Dans le cas des machines électriques tournantes à réluctance synchrone, le rotor peut comporter des aimants permanents logés à l'intérieur de barrières de flux portées par ce rotor, ces barrières de flux étant typiquement des espaces vides. On parle aussi de machine synchro-réluctante assistée par des aimants permanents. A rotating electrical machine conventionally comprises a fixed part, the stator, and a rotatable part, the rotor, arranged coaxially one inside the other. The rotor is generally housed inside the stator which carries electrical windings generating a magnetic field for rotating the rotor. The rotor typically comprises a body formed of a stack of sheets, and placed on a rotating shaft. These sheets include housings for permanent magnets or coils forming magnetic poles at the periphery of the rotor. Magnets may appear on the surface of the rotor or be completely integrated within the rotor. In the case of synchronous reluctance rotating electrical machines, the rotor may comprise permanent magnets housed inside flow barriers carried by this rotor, these flow barriers being typically empty spaces. It is also called synchro-reluctant machine assisted by permanent magnets.
Les machines électriques s'échauffent du fait des pertes par conduction (effet Joule), électromagnétiques (pertes fer) et mécaniques. Cet échauffement nuit à leur fonctionnement et conduit à la dégradation de leurs performances. Les principales sources de chaleur dans une machine électrique sont les bobinages, et notamment les têtes de bobines, du côté du stator, et les aimants et l'arbre du côté du rotor. Typiquement, si les aimants du rotor ne sont pas refroidis, le flux magnétique est moins intense, ce qui conduit à une perte de couple et donc une dégradation des performances de la machine électrique. Une démagnétisation irréversible des aimants peut se produire. Le bobinage du stator est également sensible aux élévations de température : plus la température du bobinage est élevée, plus la conductivité électrique du cuivre et la durée de vie du bobinage sont réduites. La résistance du cuivre augmentant, il y a également une perte de rendement. Les divers composants électromagnétiques d'une machine électrique tournante, ainsi que certains matériaux isolants utilisés dans les pièces de la machine électrique, sont ainsi sensibles à réchauffement produit en fonctionnement, et leur refroidissement est indispensable pour dissiper la chaleur produite, afin de conserver un bon rendement de la machine, d'assurer une répétabilité de ses performances, d'allonger sa durée de vie et de limiter la maintenance. Electrical machines heat up due to conduction losses (Joule effect), electromagnetic (iron losses) and mechanical losses. This heating damages their operation and leads to the degradation of their performance. The main sources of heat in an electrical machine are the windings, and in particular the coil heads, on the stator side, and the magnets and the shaft on the rotor side. Typically, if the magnets of the rotor are not cooled, the magnetic flux is less intense, which leads to a loss of torque and therefore a degradation of the performance of the electric machine. Irreversible demagnetization of the magnets may occur. The stator winding is also sensitive to temperature rises: the higher the winding temperature, the higher the electrical conductivity of the copper and the duration life of the winding are reduced. As copper resistance increases, there is also a loss of yield. The various electromagnetic components of a rotating electrical machine, as well as certain insulating materials used in the parts of the electric machine, are thus sensitive to the heating produced during operation, and their cooling is essential to dissipate the heat produced, in order to maintain a good performance of the machine, to ensure repeatability of its performance, to extend its life and to limit maintenance.
La recherche d'un refroidissement performant est donc une préoccupation majeure pour les fabricants et les intégrateurs de machines électriques tournantes. The search for efficient cooling is therefore a major concern for manufacturers and integrators of rotating electrical machines.
Différents types de refroidissement existent, souvent adaptés à la puissance de la machine, parmi lesquels les systèmes de refroidissement par air, constituant une solution généralement économique mais souvent cantonnée à des machines électriques peu puissantes du fait de son efficacité limitée (par exemple des moteurs électriques d'une puissance inférieure à 20 kW dans les applications de traction) et/ou des machines ouvertes (non étanches), les systèmes de refroidissement par liquide, par exemple par eau, notamment utilisés dès que les pertes sont importantes comme dans le cas des moteurs de traction électriques, ou par huile. D'autres systèmes de refroidissement par hélium ou azote liquide peuvent être utilisés pour les machines électriques de centrales électriques. Different types of cooling exist, often adapted to the power of the machine, among which the air cooling systems, constituting a generally economical solution but often confined to weak electrical machines because of its limited efficiency (for example electric motors less than 20 kW in traction applications) and / or open (non-sealed) machines, liquid cooling systems, for example by water, in particular used as soon as the losses are significant, as in the case of electric traction motors, or by oil. Other helium or liquid nitrogen cooling systems can be used for electric power plant machines.
Objectifs et résumé de l'invention Objectives and summary of the invention
Un objectif général visé par l'invention est de fournir un refroidissement performant d'une machine électrique tournante fermée, en particulier d'une machine électrique tournante fermée à réluctance synchrone, aussi appelée synchro-réluctante, en vue de garantir les performances et le rendement souhaités de la machine électrique, en particulier dans le cas d'une machine électrique tournante fermée à réluctance synchrone, et notamment lorsque la machine électrique présente un indice de protection « IP » élevé conformément à la norme EN 60529, typiquement un indice de protection IP67. A general objective of the invention is to provide efficient cooling of a closed rotary electrical machine, in particular of a synchronous reluctance closed rotary electrical machine, also known as synchro-reluctant, in order to guarantee performance and efficiency. of the electric machine, in particular in the case of a closed rotary electrical machine with synchronous reluctance, and in particular when the electric machine has a high protection rating "IP" in accordance with the EN 60529 standard, typically an IP67 protection rating .
En particulier, la présente invention vise à améliorer le refroidissement d'une telle machine électrique, plus précisément le refroidissement des têtes de bobines du stator. Pour atteindre les objectifs susvisés, parmi d'autres, la présente invention propose une machine électrique tournante fermée comportant : In particular, the present invention aims to improve the cooling of such an electric machine, more precisely the cooling of the coil heads of the stator. To achieve the above objectives, among others, the present invention provides a closed rotating electrical machine comprising:
- un stator disposé dans une carcasse fermée de manière étanche par un flasque avant et un flasque arrière, ledit stator comportant un corps portant des bobines, lesdites bobines comportant des têtes disposées à l'extérieur dudit corps du stator ; a stator disposed in a carcass sealed in a sealed manner by a front flange and a rear flange, said stator comprising a body carrying coils, said coils comprising heads disposed outside said stator body;
- un rotor monté rotatif dans le stator et fixé à un arbre de rotation tournant autour d'un axe central ; a rotor rotatably mounted in the stator and fixed to a rotating shaft rotating about a central axis;
- un dispositif de refroidissement comportant un enrobage des têtes de bobines, l'enrobage comportant un matériau à la fois isolant électrique et conducteur thermique et étant en contact avec une partie thermiquement conductrice de la carcasse et des flasques avant et arrière de manière à créer un pont thermique entre les têtes de bobines, la carcasse et les flasques avant et arrière. a cooling device comprising a coating of the coil heads, the coating comprising a material that is both an electrical insulator and a thermal conductor and is in contact with a thermally conductive part of the carcass and the front and rear flanges so as to create a thermal bridge between the coil heads, the carcass and the front and rear flanges.
Selon un mode de réalisation, l'enrobage comprend une résine. According to one embodiment, the coating comprises a resin.
Avantageusement, l'enrobage est formé par une résine époxyde, de préférence comportant une conductivité thermique supérieure à 1 W/m.K. Advantageously, the coating is formed by an epoxy resin, preferably having a thermal conductivity greater than 1 W / m.K.
De préférence, la partie thermiquement conductrice de la carcasse et des flasques avant et arrière est en métal, de préférence en aluminium. Preferably, the thermally conductive portion of the carcass and the front and rear flanges is metal, preferably aluminum.
Selon un mode de réalisation, le dispositif de refroidissement comporte en outre un premier circuit de refroidissement liquide intégré au flasque avant, un deuxième circuit de refroidissement liquide intégré au flasque arrière, et un troisième circuit de refroidissement liquide intégré à la carcasse, chacun des premier, deuxième et troisième circuits de refroidissement liquide comportant une entrée et une sortie d'un liquide caloporteur et au moins un conduit relié aux entrée et sortie pour la circulation du liquide caloporteur. According to one embodiment, the cooling device further comprises a first liquid cooling circuit integrated in the front flange, a second liquid cooling circuit integrated in the rear flange, and a third liquid cooling circuit integrated into the carcass, each of the first second and third liquid cooling circuits comprising an inlet and an outlet of a coolant and at least one conduit connected to the inlet and outlet for the circulation of the coolant.
Le conduit peut être un premier conduit annulaire intégré dans le flasque avant et disposé autour de l'axe central pour le premier circuit de refroidissement liquide, et un deuxième conduit annulaire intégré dans le flasque arrière et disposé autour de l'axe central pour le deuxième circuit de refroidissement liquide. The duct may be a first annular duct integrated in the front flange and arranged around the central axis for the first liquid cooling circuit, and a second annular duct integrated in the rear flange and arranged around the central axis for the second liquid cooling circuit.
De préférence, ces premier et deuxième conduits annulaires sont intégrés dans les flasques avant et arrière à proximité de l'enrobage des têtes de bobines. Preferably, these first and second annular ducts are integrated in the front and rear flanges near the coating of the coil heads.
Le conduit du troisième circuit de refroidissement liquide peut être un espace formant un cylindrique creux intégré dans la carcasse. The conduit of the third liquid cooling circuit may be a cavity forming a hollow cylindrical integrated into the carcass.
Alternativement, le conduit du troisième circuit de refroidissement liquide est un serpentin intégré dans la carcasse. Avantageusement, le liquide caloporteur comprend de l'eau. Alternatively, the conduit of the third liquid cooling circuit is a coil integrated in the carcass. Advantageously, the coolant comprises water.
Selon un mode de réalisation alternatif, le dispositif de refroidissement comporte des moyens de refroidissement externe par air pour refroidir la carcasse et les flasques avant et arrière, les moyens de refroidissement externe comprenant de préférence un ventilateur externe disposé sur la face externe du flasque arrière et monté fixe sur l'arbre de rotation, pour envoyer de l'air extérieur le long de la carcasse en direction du flasque avant. According to an alternative embodiment, the cooling device comprises external air cooling means for cooling the carcass and the front and rear flanges, the external cooling means preferably comprising an external fan disposed on the outer face of the rear flange and fixed mounted on the rotating shaft, to send outside air along the carcass towards the front flange.
Selon un mode de réalisation, le dispositif de refroidissement comporte en outre une paire de ventilateurs internes disposés à l'intérieur de la carcasse pour créer un flux d'air à l'intérieur de la carcasse lors de la rotation du rotor, chaque ventilateur interne étant monté fixe sur l'arbre de rotation entre le rotor et un palier, et les flasques interne et externe comportant chacun une face interne munie d'ailettes à la périphérie d'un logement central du flasque recevant le palier, de manière à orienter le flux d'air et capter la chaleur dudit flux d'air. According to one embodiment, the cooling device further comprises a pair of internal fans arranged inside the carcass to create a flow of air inside the carcass during rotation of the rotor, each internal fan being fixedly mounted on the rotation shaft between the rotor and a bearing, and the inner and outer flanges each having an inner face provided with fins on the periphery of a central housing of the flange receiving the bearing, so as to orient the air flow and capture the heat of said airflow.
La machine électrique selon l'invention est de préférence une machine électrique à réluctance synchrone. The electric machine according to the invention is preferably an electrical machine with synchronous reluctance.
D'autres objets et avantages de l'invention apparaîtront à la lecture de la description qui suit d'exemples de réalisations particuliers de l'invention, donnés à titre d'exemples non limitatifs, la description étant faite en référence aux figures annexées décrites ci-après. Other objects and advantages of the invention will appear on reading the following description of examples of particular embodiments of the invention, given by way of non-limiting examples, the description being made with reference to the appended figures described herein. -after.
Brève description des figures Brief description of the figures
La figure 1 est une vue en perspective d'une machine électrique selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention dans lequel le refroidissement de la carcasse et des flasques de la machine est réalisé par liquide. Figure 1 is a perspective view of an electric machine according to one embodiment of the invention in which the cooling of the carcass and flanges of the machine is made by liquid.
La figure 2 est une vue en coupe longitudinale de la machine électrique représentée à la figure 1 . FIG. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view of the electric machine shown in FIG.
La figure 3 est une vue en perspective avec arrachement de la partie arrière de la machine électrique représentée aux figures 1 et 2. FIG. 3 is a cutaway perspective view of the rear portion of the electric machine shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.
La figure 4 est une vue en perspective avec arrachement d'une tête de bobine du stator de la machine électrique représentée dans les figures 1 à 3. Fig. 4 is a cutaway perspective view of a stator coil head of the electric machine shown in Figs. 1 to 3.
Sur les figures, les mêmes références désignent des éléments identiques ou analogues. Description de l'invention In the figures, the same references designate identical or similar elements. Description of the invention
L'objet de l'invention est de proposer une machine électrique tournante fermée comportant une partie active formée par un stator et un rotor, disposée dans une carcasse fermée de manière étanche par deux flasques, et intégrant un dispositif de refroidissement des têtes de bobines. Plus précisément, le dispositif de refroidissement comprend un enrobage des têtes de bobines, cet enrobage comportant un matériau à la fois isolant électrique et conducteur thermique, typiquement une résine, et cet enrobage est en contact avec une partie thermiquement conductrice de la carcasse et des flasques, de manière à créer un pont thermique entre les têtes de bobines, la carcasse et les flasques avant et arrière. La chaleur des têtes de bobine peut alors être transmise efficacement aux flasques et à la carcasse par l'intermédiaire de l'enrobage conducteur thermiquement, et ainsi être dissipée, en étant évacuée vers l'extérieur de la machine. La dissipation de la chaleur des têtes de bobines vers l'extérieur de la machine électrique peut se faire par un système de refroidissement par air de la carcasse et des flasques, de préférence actif, comme à l'aide d'un ventilateur externe, ou par un système de refroidissement liquide. The object of the invention is to provide a closed rotary electrical machine comprising an active part formed by a stator and a rotor, disposed in a casing sealed by two flanges, and incorporating a cooling device of the coil heads. More specifically, the cooling device comprises a coating of the coil heads, this coating comprising a material both electrical insulator and thermal conductor, typically a resin, and this coating is in contact with a thermally conductive portion of the carcass and flanges , so as to create a thermal bridge between the coil heads, the carcass and the front and rear flanges. The heat of the coil heads can then be efficiently transmitted to the flanges and to the carcass via the thermally conductive coating, and thus be dissipated, being discharged to the outside of the machine. The heat dissipation of the coil heads towards the outside of the electrical machine can be done by an air cooling system of the carcass and flanges, preferably active, as with the aid of an external fan, or by a liquid cooling system.
De préférence, la machine électrique selon l'invention est refroidie par un système de refroidissement liquide. Selon ce mode de réalisation, le dispositif de refroidissement comporte un circuit de refroidissement propre à chacun des flasques et à la carcasse, soit trois circuits de refroidissement liquide distincts, qui permettent notamment d'améliorer le refroidissement de la machine électrique, et tout particulièrement le refroidissement des têtes de bobines en combinaison avec l'enrobage spécifique de celles-ci lorsque la circulation de liquide est réalisée à proximité des têtes de bobine. Preferably, the electric machine according to the invention is cooled by a liquid cooling system. According to this embodiment, the cooling device comprises a cooling circuit specific to each of the flanges and to the carcass, ie three separate liquid cooling circuits, which notably make it possible to improve the cooling of the electric machine, and more particularly the cooling the coil heads in combination with the specific coating thereof when the liquid flow is performed near the coil heads.
Par machine électrique fermée on entend une machine électrique dont le rotor et le stator sont enfermés dans une carcasse étanche, qu'on peut aussi désigner sous le terme de carter. By closed electrical machine is meant an electric machine whose rotor and the stator are enclosed in a sealed casing, which can also be referred to as a casing.
Selon l'invention, la carcasse, qui contient le rotor et le stator de la machine électrique, est fermée de manière étanche par deux flasques. La carcasse a de préférence une forme générale cylindrique, et les flasques une forme générale de disque. Dans la description, on entend par air interne l'air contenu dans la machine électrique fermée, plus précisément l'air enfermé dans la carcasse étanche de la machine, et par air externe l'air extérieur à la machine électrique tournante fermée. La figure 1 représente une machine électrique fermée selon le mode de réalisation de l'invention comportant un système de refroidissement liquide de la carcasse avec ses flasques avant et arrière, qui peut être utilisée comme moteur électrique de traction dans un véhicule électrique ou hybride. According to the invention, the carcass, which contains the rotor and the stator of the electric machine, is sealed by two flanges. The carcass preferably has a generally cylindrical shape, and the flanges a general disc shape. In the description, by internal air is meant the air contained in the closed electric machine, more precisely the air enclosed in the sealed casing of the machine, and by external air the air outside the rotating electric machine closed. Figure 1 shows a closed electric machine according to the embodiment of the invention comprising a liquid cooling system of the carcass with its front and rear flanges, which can be used as an electric traction motor in an electric or hybrid vehicle.
Par exemple, un moteur tel que représenté à la figure 1 est un moteur à réluctance synchrone, aussi appelé synchro-réluctant, d'une puissance continue de 35 kW, de puissance transitoire (Peak) 52 kW, et pouvant fonctionner avec une tension d'alimentation du bus DC de 330 V. For example, a motor as shown in Figure 1 is a synchronous reluctance motor, also called synchro-reluctant, with a continuous power of 35 kW, peak power 52 kW, and can operate with a voltage of DC bus power supply of 330 V.
Bien que s'appliquant avantageusement aux machines électriques synchro- réluctantes, la présente invention ne se limite pas à cette topologie de machine électrique, et concerne plus largement tout type de machine électrique, en particulier les machines électriques dont la puissance transitoire (peak : transitoire pendant 30 secondes) est comprise entre 20 kW et 400 kW. Although it applies advantageously to electrical synchronizing machines, the present invention is not limited to this topology of electrical machine, and more broadly relates to any type of electrical machine, in particular electrical machines whose transient power (peak: transient for 30 seconds) is between 20 kW and 400 kW.
Le moteur électrique 100 comporte une carcasse 130 fermée de manière étanche par un flasque avant 1 10 et un flasque arrière 120. La carcasse 130 et les flasques 1 10 et 120 sont avantageusement en métal, de préférence en aluminium. Le stator, avec ses bobines, et le rotor du moteur électrique sont contenus dans la carcasse étanche 130. L'intérieur de la carcasse 130 est mieux représenté aux figures 2, 3 et 4, auxquelles il est fait référence ci-dessous. The electric motor 100 comprises a carcass 130 sealingly closed by a front flange 1 10 and a rear flange 120. The carcass 130 and the flanges 1 and 10 are preferably made of metal, preferably aluminum. The stator, with its coils, and the rotor of the electric motor are contained in the sealed carcass 130. The interior of the carcass 130 is best shown in Figures 2, 3 and 4, which is referred to below.
Comme cela est connu, le stator 190 comporte un corps 192, typiquement formé par un empilage de tôles, portant des bobines 193. Les têtes 191 des bobines sont disposées à l'extérieur du corps 192 du stator. Elles dépassent en effet de part et d'autre du corps 192 selon l'axe central (X), qui est l'axe de rotation du rotor 150 et de l'arbre de rotation 160. As is known, the stator 190 comprises a body 192, typically formed by a stack of sheets, carrying coils 193. The heads 191 of the coils are disposed outside the body 192 of the stator. They exceed in fact on both sides of the body 192 along the central axis (X), which is the axis of rotation of the rotor 150 and the rotation shaft 160.
Le rotor 150 est classiquement monté rotatif dans le stator 190 et fixé à l'arbre de rotation 160. Par exemple, le rotor comporte également, de manière classique, un corps formé d'un empilage de tôles, ces tôles pouvant comprendre des logements pour des aimants permanents formant des pôles magnétiques à la périphérie du rotor. Le corps du rotor peut aussi comprendre des évidements permettant de créer des barrières de flux magnétiques. L'arbre de rotation 160, tournant autour de l'axe central (X), est porté par les flasques avant 1 10 et arrière 120 disposés respectivement aux extrémités opposées avant et arrière de la carcasse 130: le flasque avant 1 10, disposé à une première extrémité de la carcasse 130, supporte le côté d'entraînement de la charge 160a de l'arbre de rotation 160, et le flasque arrière 120, disposé à une deuxième extrémité de la carcasse opposée à la première extrémité, supporte le côté opposé au côté d'entraînement de la charge 160b de l'arbre de rotation 160. The rotor 150 is conventionally rotatably mounted in the stator 190 and fixed to the rotational shaft 160. For example, the rotor also comprises, in a conventional manner, a body formed of a stack of sheets, these sheets may comprise housings for permanent magnets forming magnetic poles at the periphery of the rotor. The rotor body may also include recesses for creating magnetic flux barriers. The rotation shaft 160, rotating about the central axis (X), is carried by the front and rear flanges 120 disposed respectively at the opposite ends front and rear of the carcass 130: the front flange 1 10, disposed at a first end of the carcass 130, supports the drive side of the load 160a of the rotation shaft 160, and the rear flange 120, disposed at a second end of the carcass opposite the first end, supports the opposite side at the driving side of the load 160b of the rotation shaft 160.
Dans le reste de la description, on désignera par avant de la machine le côté de la machine où se fait l'entraînement d'une charge par l'arbre de rotation du rotor, et par arrière de la machine le côté opposé. In the remainder of the description, the front of the machine will be referred to as the side of the machine in which a load is driven by the rotational shaft of the rotor, and by the back of the machine the opposite side.
Plus spécifiquement, les flasques avant 1 10 et arrière 120 comportent chacun une face interne tournée vers l'intérieur de la machine, une face externe tournée vers l'extérieur de la machine, et un logement central (1 16a, 126a), positionné dans une partie médiane de la face interne, pour recevoir un palier (171 , 172), tel que représenté sur les figures 2 et 3. Les paliers 171 et 172 supportent respectivement le côté d'entraînement de la charge 160a et le côté opposé au côté d'entraînement de la charge 160b. Les paliers 171 , 172 sont par exemple à roulement à billes, tel que visible sur les figures 2 et 3. More specifically, the front and rear flanges 120 each comprise an internal face facing towards the inside of the machine, an external face turned towards the outside of the machine, and a central housing (116a, 126a), positioned in a medial portion of the inner face, for receiving a bearing (171, 172), as shown in Figures 2 and 3. The bearings 171 and 172 respectively support the driving side of the load 160a and the opposite side to the side driving the load 160b. The bearings 171, 172 are for example ball bearing, as visible in Figures 2 and 3.
Les flasques avant 1 10 et arrière 120 comportent des moyens d'étanchéité pour fermer de manière étanche la carcasse 130, par exemple des joints d'étanchéité prévus au niveau des logements centraux (1 16a, 126a), et également sur le périmètre de la partie périphérique des flasques destinée à venir en contact avec la carcasse 130. The front and rear flanges 120 comprise sealing means for sealing the carcass 130, for example gaskets provided at the central housings (116a, 126a), and also on the perimeter of the housing. peripheral portion of the flanges intended to come into contact with the carcass 130.
Selon l'invention, la machine comporte un dispositif de refroidissement comportant un enrobage 140 des têtes 191 de bobines 193. L'enrobage 140 comporte un matériau à la fois isolant électrique et conducteur thermique, et est en contact avec une partie thermiquement conductrice de la carcasse 130 et des flasques avant 1 10 et arrière 120, de manière à créer un pont thermique entre les têtes 191 de bobines, la carcasse 130 et les flasques avant 1 10 et arrière 120. Le pont thermique est créé au niveau de la surface de contact 194 entre l'enrobage, la carcasse et les flasques, représentée schématiquement par un trait noir sur la figure 4 détaillant une tête de bobine et son enrobage dans le moteur 100, cette surface de contact 194 constituant une surface d'échange de chaleur. According to the invention, the machine comprises a cooling device comprising a coating 140 of the heads 191 of the coils 193. The coating 140 comprises a material that is both electrical insulator and thermal conductor, and is in contact with a thermally conductive part of the carcass 130 and front flanges 1 10 and back 120, so as to create a thermal bridge between the heads 191 of coils, the carcass 130 and the front flanges 1 10 and back 120. The thermal bridge is created at the surface of contact 194 between the coating, the carcass and the flanges, shown schematically by a black line in Figure 4 detailing a coil head and its coating in the motor 100, this contact surface 194 constituting a heat exchange surface.
De préférence, l'enrobage comprend une résine, et plus préférentiellement une résine époxyde, comportant avantageusement une conductivité thermique supérieure à 1 W/m.K. A titre d'exemple non limitatif, la résine époxyde Elan-tron® MC 622/W 363 peut être utilisée pour constituer l'enrobage, présentant une conductivité thermique comprise entre 1 ,1 et 1 ,2 W/m.K (méthode de mesure : 10-10-87 - ASTM C518), et une constante diélectrique comprise entre 4,2 et 4,6 (méthode de mesure : 10-10-85 - ASTM C518). Preferably, the coating comprises a resin, and more preferably an epoxy resin, advantageously comprising a thermal conductivity greater than 1 W / mK. By way of non-limiting example, the epoxy resin Elan-tron® MC 622 / W 363 can used to form the coating, having a thermal conductivity of between 1.1 and 1.2 W / mK (measurement method: 10-10-87 - ASTM C518), and a dielectric constant of between 4.2 and 4 , 6 (measurement method: 10-10-85 - ASTM C518).
Avantageusement, le contact entre l'enrobage et les flasques et la carcasse est obtenu lors de l'assemblage de la machine électrique, par exemple par pressage des têtes de bobines préalablement enrobées avec le matériau thermiquement conducteur et isolant électrique, ledit matériau étant dans un état déformable, plus précisément plastique, lors du pressage. D'autres méthodes de fabrication peuvent être mises en œuvre pour former l'enrobage des têtes de bobines en contact avec les flasques et la carcasse, de manière à créer le pont thermique, par exemple une injection du matériau de l'enrobage au niveau des têtes de bobines, un usinage d'une pièce pour former l'enrobage, etc. Advantageously, the contact between the coating and the flanges and the carcass is obtained during the assembly of the electrical machine, for example by pressing the coil heads previously coated with the thermally conductive material and electrical insulator, said material being in a deformable state, more precisely plastic, during pressing. Other manufacturing methods can be implemented to form the coating of the coil heads in contact with the flanges and the carcass, so as to create the thermal bridge, for example an injection of the coating material at the level of the coils. coil heads, one-piece machining to form the coating, etc.
Selon le mode de réalisation représenté dans les figures 1 à 4, le dispositif de refroidissement combine l'enrobage spécifique des têtes de bobines et un système de refroidissement liquide des flasques et de la carcasse à trois circuits distincts. According to the embodiment shown in Figures 1 to 4, the cooling device combines the specific coating of the coil heads and a liquid cooling system of the flanges and the carcass with three separate circuits.
Un premier circuit de refroidissement liquide est intégré au flasque avant 1 10, un deuxième circuit de refroidissement liquide est intégré au flasque arrière 120, et un troisième circuit de refroidissement liquide est intégré à la carcasse 130. A first liquid cooling circuit is integrated in the front flange 1 10, a second liquid cooling circuit is integrated in the rear flange 120, and a third liquid cooling circuit is integrated into the carcass 130.
Dans chaque circuit de refroidissement circule un liquide caloporteur, par exemple de l'eau, qui récupère la chaleur transmise par les flasques et la carcasse, notamment la chaleur transmise via la partie thermiquement conductrice des flasques et de la carcasse en contact avec l'enrobage 140 des têtes 191 de bobines 193 du stator 190. In each cooling circuit circulates a coolant liquid, for example water, which recovers the heat transmitted by the flanges and the carcass, in particular the heat transmitted via the thermally conductive part of the flanges and the carcass in contact with the coating. 140 of the heads 191 of the coils 193 of the stator 190.
Chacun des circuits de refroidissement comporte les éléments suivants : Each of the cooling circuits has the following elements:
- une entrée pour le liquide caloporteur, an inlet for the coolant,
- une sortie pour le liquide caloporteur, et an outlet for the coolant, and
- au moins un conduit relié auxdites entrée et sortie pour la circulation du liquide caloporteur. at least one duct connected to said inlet and outlet for the circulation of the coolant.
Les entrée et sortie des différentes circuits de refroidissement liquide sont bien visible sur la figure 1 : The inlet and outlet of the different liquid cooling circuits are clearly visible in FIG. 1:
- l'entrée 1 13 et la sortie 1 14 du premier circuit de refroidissement intégré au flasque avant 1 10, qui sont reliées à un conduit 1 15, visible aux figures 2 et 3, dans lequel circule le liquide caloporteur susceptible d'échanger de la chaleur avec la partie thermiquement conductrice du flasque avant 1 10 ; the inlet 1 13 and the outlet 1 14 of the first integrated cooling circuit to the front flange 1 10, which are connected to a duct 1 15, visible in FIGS. 2 and 3, in which circulates the heat transfer liquid capable of exchanging heat with the thermally conductive portion of the front flange 1 10;
- l'entrée 123 et la sortie 124 du deuxième circuit de refroidissement intégré au flasque avant 120, qui sont reliées à un conduit 125, visible aux figures 2 et 3, dans lequel circule le liquide caloporteur susceptible d'échanger de la chaleur avec la partie thermiquement conductrice du flasque avant 120 ; the inlet 123 and the outlet 124 of the second cooling circuit integrated in the front flange 120, which are connected to a duct 125, visible in FIGS. 2 and 3, in which circulates the heat transfer liquid capable of exchanging heat with the thermally conductive portion of the front flange 120;
- l'entrée 133 et la sortie 134 du troisième circuit intégré à la carcasse 130, qui desservent le conduit 135 visible aux figures 2 et 3, dans lequel circule le liquide caloporteur susceptible d'échanger de la chaleur avec la partie thermiquement conductrice de la carcasse 130. the inlet 133 and the outlet 134 of the third integrated circuit to the carcass 130, which serve the duct 135 visible in FIGS. 2 and 3, in which circulates the heat transfer liquid capable of exchanging heat with the thermally conductive portion of the carcass 130.
Les entrées et sorties des circuits de refroidissement intégrés au flasques peuvent être disposées sur la carcasse, plus précisément aux extrémités avant et arrière de la carcasse recouvrant en partie les flasques avant et arrière, tel qu'exemplifié sur le moteur 100 représenté sur les figures 1 à 4, ou peuvent être portées par les flasques eux- mêmes. The inlets and outlets of the cooling circuits integrated into the flanges may be arranged on the carcass, more precisely at the front and rear ends of the carcass partially covering the front and rear flanges, as exemplified on the motor 100 shown in FIGS. to 4, or may be carried by the flanges themselves.
L'entrée 1 13 et la sortie 1 14 du premier circuit de refroidissement du flasque avant 1 10 sont par exemple alignées à la surface de la carcasse 130 selon un axe orthogonal à l'axe central (X). Il en va de même pour l'entrée 123 et la sortie 124 du deuxième circuit de refroidissement du flasque arrière 120. L'entrée 133 et la sortie 134 du troisième circuit de refroidissement de la carcasse 130 sont par exemple alignées à la surface de la carcasse 130 selon un axe parallèle à l'axe central (X). The inlet 1 13 and the outlet 1 14 of the first cooling circuit of the front flange 1 10 are for example aligned on the surface of the carcass 130 along an axis orthogonal to the central axis (X). The same applies to the inlet 123 and the outlet 124 of the second cooling circuit of the rear flange 120. The inlet 133 and the outlet 134 of the third cooling circuit of the carcass 130 are for example aligned on the surface of the carcass 130 along an axis parallel to the central axis (X).
De préférence, les conduits 1 15 et 125 respectivement intégrés aux flasques avant 1 10 et arrière 120 sont des conduits annulaires intégrés dans le flasque, disposés autour de l'axe central (X). Ces conduits en forme d'anneau sont donc ouverts à une extrémité sur l'entrée du circuit et à l'autre extrémité sur la sortie du circuit. Preferably, the ducts 1 and 125 respectively integrated in the front flanges 1 10 and back 120 are annular conduits integrated in the flange, arranged around the central axis (X). These ring-shaped ducts are thus open at one end on the input of the circuit and at the other end on the output of the circuit.
Le conduit 135 du troisième circuit de refroidissement liquide peut être un espace formant un cylindre creux intégré dans la carcasse. De préférence ledit conduit 135 s'étend entre les deux extrémités de la carcasse fermées par les flasques, tel qu'exemplifié dans le moteur 100 représenté aux figures 1 à 4. Le conduit 135 du troisième circuit de refroidissement liquide peut alternativement être un serpentin intégré dans la carcasse et s'étendant de la même manière entre les deux extrémités fermées de la carcasse. Toute autre forme ou configuration de conduit ou de réseau de conduits intégré à la carcasse peut être envisagée pour former le troisième circuit de refroidissement, tant que le conduit ou réseau de conduits couvre une surface substantielle de la carcasse de manière à refroidir efficacement l'intérieur de la machine. The duct 135 of the third liquid cooling circuit may be a space forming a hollow cylinder integrated into the carcass. Preferably said duct 135 extends between the two ends of the carcass closed by the flanges, as exemplified in the motor 100 shown in FIGS. 1 to 4. The duct 135 of the third liquid cooling circuit may alternatively be an integrated coil in the carcass and extending in the same way between the two closed ends of the carcass. Any other form or configuration of duct or conduit network integrated into the carcass may be considered to form the third circuit of cooling, as long as the conduit or conduit network covers a substantial area of the carcass so as to effectively cool the interior of the machine.
Le conduit 135 peut par exemple être créé par un espace formé à la jonction de différentes pièces (au moins deux) constituant la carcasse, tel que c'est le cas du moteur 100 représenté aux figures 1 à 4, et bien visible sur la figure 4. Ainsi, dans le moteur 100, l'espace 135 est formé entre d'une part une pièce interne 131 a de la carcasse en contact avec le stator et l'enrobage 140 des têtes de bobines, et d'autre part une pièce externe 131 b de la carcasse 130 en contact avec l'air extérieur. The conduit 135 may for example be created by a space formed at the junction of different parts (at least two) constituting the carcass, as is the case of the motor 100 shown in Figures 1 to 4, and clearly visible in the figure 4. Thus, in the motor 100, the space 135 is formed between on the one hand an inner part 131 of the carcass in contact with the stator and the coating 140 of the coil heads, and on the other hand a part external 131 b of the carcass 130 in contact with the outside air.
Les conduits 1 15 et 125 des premier et deuxième circuits de refroidissement sont avantageusement intégrés dans les flasques avant et arrière à proximité de l'enrobage des têtes de bobines. The ducts 1 and 125 of the first and second cooling circuits are advantageously integrated in the front and rear flanges near the coating of the coil heads.
De préférence, chaque conduit annulaire (1 15,125) intégré au flasque est formé par un espace crée entre différentes pièces constitutives du flasque. Par exemple, chaque flasque comporte au moins une partie périphérique (1 16b, 126b) et une partie centrale, la partie périphérique étant en contact avec la carcasse 130 et la partie centrale comportant ou étant le logement central (1 16a, 126a) qui reçoit le palier (171 , 172) supportant les extrémités de l'arbre de rotation 160. Le conduit annulaire est alors formé par un espace prévu dans une zone de contact entre la partie centrale et la partie périphérique, par exemple par un évidement réalisé à la surface de la partie centrale et/ou de la partie périphérique du flasque. Un exemple d'une telle configuration est bien visible à la figure 4, où l'on voit la section rectangulaire du conduit annulaire 125 formé par un espace laissé entre le logement central 126a et la partie périphérique 126b du flasque 120, ledit espace étant formé par une encoche circulaire à la surface du logement central 126a orientée vers la carcasse 130. Le conduit 125 intégré dans le flasque 120 est positionné à proximité de la tête de bobine enrobée de manière à refroidir efficacement celle-ci, plus précisément à proximité de la tête de bobine enrobée, entre ladite tête de bobine et le palier selon un axe orthogonal à l'axe central (X). Preferably, each annular duct (1 15,125) integrated in the flange is formed by a space created between different component parts of the flange. For example, each flange comprises at least one peripheral portion (1 16b, 126b) and a central portion, the peripheral portion being in contact with the carcass 130 and the central portion comprising or being the central housing (1 16a, 126a) which receives the bearing (171, 172) supporting the ends of the rotational shaft 160. The annular conduit is then formed by a space provided in a contact zone between the central portion and the peripheral portion, for example by a recess made at the surface of the central portion and / or the peripheral portion of the flange. An example of such a configuration is clearly visible in FIG. 4, which shows the rectangular section of the annular duct 125 formed by a space left between the central housing 126a and the peripheral portion 126b of the flange 120, said space being formed by a circular notch on the surface of the central housing 126a facing the carcass 130. The conduit 125 integrated in the flange 120 is positioned near the coated coil head to effectively cool it, more precisely near the coil. coated coil head, between said coil head and the bearing along an axis orthogonal to the central axis (X).
D'autres configurations que celle exemplifiée dans les figures sont possibles pour les premier et deuxième circuits de refroidissement. Par exemple, les premier et deuxième circuits de refroidissement peuvent comprendre chacun plusieurs conduits pouvant former un réseau de conduits intégré dans le flasque, ou peuvent comprendre un conduit d'une autre forme que celle d'un anneau, ou encore être un conduit annulaire de section autre que rectangulaire, par exemple de section circulaire, ou quelconque. Le liquide caloporteur comprend de préférence de l'eau, qui peut contenir des additifs tels que l'éthylène glycol ou le propylène glycol permettant d'augmenter la température d'ébullition et/ou d'augmenter sa résistance au gel, mais peut être tout autre liquide caloporteur classiquement utilisé dans les circuits de refroidissement liquide de moteur. Other configurations than that exemplified in the figures are possible for the first and second cooling circuits. For example, the first and second cooling circuits may each comprise a plurality of ducts capable of forming a duct network integrated in the flange, or may comprise a duct of a shape other than that of a ring, or else be an annular duct of section other than rectangular, for example of circular section, or any. The heat transfer liquid preferably comprises water, which may contain additives such as ethylene glycol or propylene glycol to increase the boiling temperature and / or increase its frost resistance, but may be all other coolant conventionally used in liquid engine cooling circuits.
La présente invention ne se limite pas à une machine dans laquelle le dispositif de refroidissement comporte un refroidissement liquide de la carcasse et des flasques. The present invention is not limited to a machine in which the cooling device comprises a liquid cooling of the carcass and flanges.
Ainsi, selon un autre mode réalisation, le dispositif de refroidissement de la machine selon l'invention combine l'enrobage spécifique des têtes de bobines et un système de refroidissement comportant des moyens de refroidissement externe par air pour refroidir les flasques et la carcasse. Un tel mode de réalisation n'est pas représenté dans les figures. Ces moyens peuvent typiquement comprendre un ventilateur externe disposé en regard de la face externe du flasque arrière, le ventilateur étant par exemple monté fixe sur l'arbre de rotation pour envoyer de l'air extérieur le long de la carcasse en direction du flasque avant. Selon ce mode de réalisation, la carcasse peut avantageusement présenter une surface externe comportant un ensemble d'ailettes de refroidissement allongées sensiblement selon un axe parallèle à l'axe central (X), et de préférence surmontée des plaques métalliques qui confinent le flux d'air à la surface extérieure de la carcasse. L'air passe ainsi de préférence dans les passages formés entre les ailettes de refroidissement allongées sensiblement selon l'axe (X), en étant confiné à l'espace formé entre les plaques métalliques et la surface extérieure de la carcasse. Un tel système de refroidissement externe par air est par exemple décrit dans la demande de brevet français déposée sous le numéro 16/59.996. Thus, according to another embodiment, the cooling device of the machine according to the invention combines the specific coating of the coil heads and a cooling system comprising external air cooling means for cooling the flanges and the carcass. Such an embodiment is not shown in the figures. These means may typically comprise an external fan disposed facing the outer face of the rear flange, the fan being for example fixedly mounted on the rotation shaft for sending outside air along the carcass in the direction of the front flange. According to this embodiment, the carcass may advantageously have an external surface comprising a set of elongated cooling fins substantially along an axis parallel to the central axis (X), and preferably surmounted by metal plates which confine the flow of air on the outer surface of the carcass. The air thus preferably passes in the passages formed between the elongated cooling fins substantially along the axis (X), being confined to the space formed between the metal plates and the outer surface of the carcass. Such an external air cooling system is for example described in the French patent application filed under number 16 / 59.996.
Selon un autre mode de réalisation, non représenté, le dispositif de refroidissement de la machine selon l'invention combine l'enrobage spécifique des têtes de bobines avec un système de refroidissement comportant une paire de ventilateurs internes disposés à l'intérieur de la carcasse pour créer un flux d'air à l'intérieur de la carcasse lors de la rotation du rotor, chaque ventilateur interne étant monté fixe sur l'arbre de rotation entre le corps du rotor et un palier. Dans ce cas, des ailettes sont agencées sur la face interne des flasques, à la périphérie d'un logement central du flasque recevant le palier, de manière à orienter le flux d'air et capter la chaleur dudit flux d'air. Une telle configuration comportant des ventilateurs internes et des ailettes sur la face interne des flasques est décrite dans la demande de brevet français déposée sous le numéro 16/59.996. Les ailettes de la face interne des flasques avant et arrière sont aptes à diriger le flux d'air créé par chaque ventilateur interne de manière radiale vers les têtes des bobines enrobées du stator, puis à retourner le flux d'air depuis les têtes de bobines enrobées vers le centre du flasque, d'abord selon une direction parallèle à l'axe (X) au niveau des têtes de bobines, puis radialement vers l'arbre de rotation. Une telle circulation d'air interne est ainsi réalisée côté avant et côté arrière du moteur, de part et d'autre du rotor, et les ailettes des faces internes des flasques, en plus d'orienter le flux d'air interne, permettent de dissiper la chaleur du flux d'air et donc de refroidir les têtes de bobine, ainsi que l'arbre et le rotor de la machine électrique. Avantageusement, les ailettes ont une forme telle qu'elles contribuent à une circulation de l'air interne spécifique qui refroidit efficacement les têtes de bobines et la partie tournante de la machine, par exemple chaque ailette est de préférence plane, et a une forme générale de trapèze de bases (côtés opposés parallèles) orthogonales à l'axe (X), et dont le côté opposé au logement 1 16a n'est pas droit mais courbe, présentant une concavité (par rapport à un point situé à la périphérie u flasque dans le prolongement radial de l'ailette). Cette concavité du bord de l'ailette permet d'assurer une proximité optimale avec les têtes de bobines enrobées tout en assurant un écoulement d'air optimisé pour un refroidissement efficace. According to another embodiment, not shown, the cooling device of the machine according to the invention combines the specific coating of the coil heads with a cooling system comprising a pair of internal fans arranged inside the carcass for creating a flow of air inside the carcass during the rotation of the rotor, each internal fan being fixedly mounted on the rotation shaft between the rotor body and a bearing. In this case, fins are arranged on the inner face of the flanges, at the periphery of a central housing of the flange receiving the bearing, so as to guide the air flow and capture the heat of said air flow. Such a configuration comprising internal fans and fins on the inner face of the flanges is described in the French patent application filed under number 16 / 59.996. The fins of the inner face of the front and rear flanges are capable of directing the air flow created by each internal fan radially towards the heads of the stator-covered coils and then to return the air flow from the coil heads. embedded in the center of the flange, first in a direction parallel to the axis (X) at the coil heads, then radially towards the rotation shaft. Such an internal air flow is thus carried out on the front side and on the rear side of the motor, on either side of the rotor, and the fins of the inner faces of the flanges, in addition to orienting the internal air flow, make it possible to dissipate the heat of the air flow and thus cool the coil heads, as well as the shaft and the rotor of the electric machine. Advantageously, the fins have a shape such that they contribute to a specific internal air circulation which effectively cools the coil heads and the rotating part of the machine, for example each fin is preferably flat, and has a general shape trapezoidal base (parallel opposite sides) orthogonal to the axis (X), and whose opposite side to the housing 1 16a is not straight but curved, having a concavity (relative to a point on the periphery u flask in the radial extension of the fin). This concavity of the edge of the fin ensures optimum proximity to the coated coil heads while ensuring optimized airflow for efficient cooling.
Ce mode de réalisation peut être combiné avec le mode de réalisation dans lequel le système de refroidissement comporte des moyens de refroidissement externe par air pour refroidir les flasques et la carcasse, tel qu'un ventilateur externe, ou avec le mode de réalisation représenté aux figures 1 à 4 dans lequel le système de refroidissement des flasques et de la carcasse est un système de refroidissement liquide à trois circuits distincts. This embodiment can be combined with the embodiment in which the cooling system comprises external air cooling means for cooling the flanges and the carcass, such as an external fan, or with the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 to 4 wherein the cooling system of the flanges and the carcass is a liquid cooling system with three separate circuits.
La présente invention s'applique avantageusement aux moteurs à réluctance synchrone, et de préférence aux machines ayant une puissance comprise entre 20 kW et 400 kW. A titre d'exemple non limitatif, le moteur refroidi selon l'invention peut être un moteur synchro-réluctant d'une puissance continue de 30 kW, de puissance transitoire (Peak) 52 kW, pouvant fonctionner avec une tension d'alimentation du bus DC de 330 V, et pouvant présenter les dimensions suivantes : diamètre extérieur du rotor 134 mm, diamètre extérieur du stator de 200 mm, diamètre extérieur de la carcasse de 250 mm, longueur du moteur de 214 mm, longueur de la partie active (correspondant à la longueur de l'empilement des tôles du rotor) de 100 mm. The present invention is advantageously applicable to synchronous reluctance motors, and preferably to machines having a power of between 20 kW and 400 kW. By way of non-limiting example, the cooled engine according to the invention can be a synchronous-motor with a continuous power of 30 kW, peak power 52 kW, which can operate with a bus power supply voltage. DC 330 V, and having the following dimensions: outside diameter of the rotor 134 mm, outside diameter of the stator 200 mm, outer diameter of the shell 250 mm, motor length 214 mm, length of the active part (corresponding at the length of the stack of the rotor plates) of 100 mm.
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1752320A FR3064424B1 (en) | 2017-03-21 | 2017-03-21 | ENCLOSED ROTATING ELECTRIC MACHINE COMPRISING A DEVICE FOR COOLING THE STATOR COIL HEADS. |
| FR1752320 | 2017-03-21 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2018172018A1 true WO2018172018A1 (en) | 2018-09-27 |
Family
ID=59153045
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2018/054698 Ceased WO2018172018A1 (en) | 2017-03-21 | 2018-02-26 | Sealed rotary electric machine comprising a device for cooling the stator coil winding overhangs |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| FR (1) | FR3064424B1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2018172018A1 (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111038236A (en) * | 2019-12-06 | 2020-04-21 | 河南美力达汽车有限公司 | High-efficient motor of new energy automobile |
| CN111740530A (en) * | 2020-07-08 | 2020-10-02 | 四川宜宾力源电机有限公司 | Water-cooled permanent magnet synchronous motor |
| CN117649988A (en) * | 2024-01-29 | 2024-03-05 | 陕西华星科技股份有限公司 | High-energy pulse wire-wound resistor |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR736474A (en) * | 1932-04-30 | 1932-11-24 | Process for cooling electrical machines and machines for the implementation of these processes | |
| JPH02139464U (en) * | 1989-04-26 | 1990-11-21 | ||
| RU2201647C2 (en) * | 2001-05-04 | 2003-03-27 | ОАО "Элсиб" | Cooling system of totally enclosed electrical machine |
| JP2007143245A (en) * | 2005-11-16 | 2007-06-07 | Ishikawajima Harima Heavy Ind Co Ltd | Rotating machine |
| WO2008007052A2 (en) * | 2006-07-10 | 2008-01-17 | Edwards Limited | Motor with improved cooling |
| EP2282395A2 (en) * | 2009-07-29 | 2011-02-09 | Joy Ride Tech. Co., Ltd. | Motor Assembly with a thermally conducive bridging member |
| US20130106210A1 (en) * | 2011-10-27 | 2013-05-02 | Kobelco Construction Machinery Co., Ltd. | Motor including heat radiating resin |
| US20140319936A1 (en) * | 2013-04-27 | 2014-10-30 | Nidec Corporation | Motor and method of manufacturing motor |
| WO2015136422A1 (en) * | 2014-03-12 | 2015-09-17 | Moteurs Leroy-Somer | Rotating electric machine |
-
2017
- 2017-03-21 FR FR1752320A patent/FR3064424B1/en active Active
-
2018
- 2018-02-26 WO PCT/EP2018/054698 patent/WO2018172018A1/en not_active Ceased
Patent Citations (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR736474A (en) * | 1932-04-30 | 1932-11-24 | Process for cooling electrical machines and machines for the implementation of these processes | |
| JPH02139464U (en) * | 1989-04-26 | 1990-11-21 | ||
| RU2201647C2 (en) * | 2001-05-04 | 2003-03-27 | ОАО "Элсиб" | Cooling system of totally enclosed electrical machine |
| JP2007143245A (en) * | 2005-11-16 | 2007-06-07 | Ishikawajima Harima Heavy Ind Co Ltd | Rotating machine |
| WO2008007052A2 (en) * | 2006-07-10 | 2008-01-17 | Edwards Limited | Motor with improved cooling |
| EP2282395A2 (en) * | 2009-07-29 | 2011-02-09 | Joy Ride Tech. Co., Ltd. | Motor Assembly with a thermally conducive bridging member |
| US20130106210A1 (en) * | 2011-10-27 | 2013-05-02 | Kobelco Construction Machinery Co., Ltd. | Motor including heat radiating resin |
| US20140319936A1 (en) * | 2013-04-27 | 2014-10-30 | Nidec Corporation | Motor and method of manufacturing motor |
| WO2015136422A1 (en) * | 2014-03-12 | 2015-09-17 | Moteurs Leroy-Somer | Rotating electric machine |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111038236A (en) * | 2019-12-06 | 2020-04-21 | 河南美力达汽车有限公司 | High-efficient motor of new energy automobile |
| CN111740530A (en) * | 2020-07-08 | 2020-10-02 | 四川宜宾力源电机有限公司 | Water-cooled permanent magnet synchronous motor |
| CN117649988A (en) * | 2024-01-29 | 2024-03-05 | 陕西华星科技股份有限公司 | High-energy pulse wire-wound resistor |
| CN117649988B (en) * | 2024-01-29 | 2024-04-09 | 陕西华星科技股份有限公司 | High-energy pulse wire-wound resistor |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR3064424B1 (en) | 2023-07-21 |
| FR3064424A1 (en) | 2018-09-28 |
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