WO2018171289A1 - Method and device for storing data to database, middleware device, and server - Google Patents

Abstract

Embodiments of the invention disclose a method and device for storing data to a database, a middleware device, and a server. The method comprises: configuring configuration information, wherein the configuration information comprises a conversion method used to store, in a target database, first data from each data source; converting, on the basis of the configuration information, the first data into second data; and storing the second data to the target database. The embodiments of the invention provide the method and device for storing data to a database, the middleware device, and the server, thereby improving efficiency in storing data to a target database.

Description

Method, device, middleware device, and server for storing data to a database Technical field

Embodiments of the present invention relate to the field of database technologies, and, more particularly, to a method for storing data of different data sources to a target database, a device for storing data of different data sources to a target database, a middleware device, and server.

Background technique

In the application process of the database, data is usually transferred from one database to another.

For example, in the process of analyzing and applying big data, data is generally collected, analyzed, processed, and the like. Finally, the processed data is provided to the application system for use. In each process, different analysis tools or system platforms may be used. Therefore, data conversion and transmission between different analysis tools or system platforms in accordance with the specified data format is required.

Usually, the data used by each big data service and/or various algorithms of the application system is different, and an algorithm may use data values of different fields in one or more tables of the database, so the application system needs to use Different data values. In order to enable the application system to acquire the data required by the algorithm in a timely and rapid manner, each data in the database can be stored in the in-memory database according to a specified format and using different keywords (Key), so as to facilitate rapid acquisition of the application system. data.

When storing data to an in-memory database, the data may come from different data sources, for example, different databases and/or different tables in the database.

The producer-consumer model is typically used during data transfer or exchange. In the producer-consumer model, producers generate data and put it into data-sharing memory, and consumers take data from the data-sharing memory and process the data. In the producer-consumer mode, the storage and reading of data can be asynchronous.

Therefore, there is a need to provide a new technical solution for improving at least one of the above-mentioned prior art problems.

Summary of the invention

It is an object of embodiments of the present invention to provide a new technical solution for storing data of different data sources to a target database.

According to a first aspect of an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a method for storing data of different data sources to a target database, comprising: setting configuration information, wherein the configuration information comprises: first from each data source a manner of conversion of data as it is stored to the target database; converting the first data to the second data based on the configuration information; and storing the second data to the target database.

According to a second aspect of the embodiments of the present invention, there is provided an apparatus for storing data of different data sources to a target database, comprising: a setting module for setting configuration information, wherein the configuration information represents each data a conversion mode of the first data of the source when stored in the target database; a conversion module, configured to convert the first data into the second data based on the configuration information set by the setting module; and a storage module, configured to store the The conversion module converts the obtained second data.

According to a third aspect of embodiments of the present invention, there is provided a middleware device comprising: means for storing data of a different data source to a target database, or for performing a method according to any of the embodiments, according to any one embodiment The operation in .

According to a fourth aspect of an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a server comprising a middleware device according to any one of the embodiments.

According to a fifth aspect of the embodiments of the present invention, there is provided a server comprising a memory and a processor, wherein the memory is for storing an instruction, the instruction controlling the processor to execute according to any one when the server is running A method of storing data for different data sources to a target database of an embodiment.

According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a computer readable storage medium carrying one or more computer instruction programs, the computer instruction program being executed by one or more processors, the one or A plurality of processors execute a method for storing data of a different data source to a target database in accordance with any one of the embodiments.

The embodiment of the present invention provides a method, a device, a middleware device, and a server for storing data to a database. Compared with the prior art, the embodiment of the present invention sets a general data conversion rule according to the general data conversion rule. Converting the first data from each data source into the second data stored in the target database according to the set general data conversion rules, and storing in the target database, so that the data from different data sources can be The common format is quickly stored in the target database, which in turn increases the efficiency of storing data to the target database.

Other features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the Detailed Description of the <RTIgt;

DRAWINGS

The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in FIG

1 shows a schematic flow chart of a method for storing data of different data sources to a target database in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

2 shows a schematic block diagram of a middleware device in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 3 shows a schematic block diagram of a server in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 4 shows a schematic block diagram of a server according to an embodiment of the present invention; FIG.

Figure 5 shows a schematic block diagram of an example of a system to which an embodiment of the invention may be applied;

Figure 6 shows a schematic block diagram of an example of a producer-consumer mode that can be applied to embodiments of the present invention.

detailed description

Various exemplary embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the drawings. It should be noted that the relative arrangement of the components and steps, numerical expressions and numerical values set forth in the embodiments are not intended to limit the scope of the invention unless otherwise specified.

The following description of the at least one exemplary embodiment is merely illustrative and is in no way

Techniques, methods and apparatus known to those of ordinary skill in the relevant art may not be discussed in detail, but the techniques, methods and apparatus should be considered as part of the specification, where appropriate.

In all of the examples shown and discussed herein, any specific values are to be construed as illustrative only and not as a limitation. Thus, other examples of the exemplary embodiments may have different values.

It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters indicate similar items in the following figures, and therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it is not required to be further discussed in the subsequent figures.

Hereinafter, various embodiments and examples according to the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

<method>

1 shows a schematic flow diagram of a method for storing data of different data sources to a target database in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. For example, the different data sources are different tables in different databases or databases. The database is, for example, a relational database. For example, the target database is an in-memory database, such as a distributed in-memory database. The application system can quickly access data from the in-memory database.

As shown in FIG. 1, in step S1100, configuration information is set, wherein the configuration information includes a conversion manner when first data from each data source is stored in a target database.

For example, the configuration information includes task information indicating that data is stored in the target database, data source information indicating the data source, conversion rule information indicating a data conversion mode, and destination information indicating a data storage destination.

By setting and using configuration information, the storage of data from multiple data sources to the target database can be automated. This can improve the efficiency of data transfer.

In step S1200, the first data is converted into the second data based on the configuration information.

Here, the "first" and "second" in the first data and the second data are only for distinguishing data at different processing stages. For example, the first data and the second data may be in the same format or in different formats.

In step S1300, the second data is stored to the target database.

For example, the first data may be stored to a target database using a producer-consumer model. In the producer-consumer mode, the data producer module converts the first data into second data suitable for the target database and the second data in the data shared memory based on the configuration information. The data consumer module reads the second data from the data shared memory and stores the second data to the target database.

Since the data comes from different data sources, the content of the data may be duplicated. When storing duplicate data in the target database, duplicate data consumes resources from the database. However, because data from different data sources may have different formats, it is difficult to determine duplicate data.

In addition, when the application system reads duplicate data from the target data, this wastes the processing resources of the application system.

Often, due to the increasing number of storage resources and the increasingly cheaper prices, many designers believe that duplicate data does not have a significant impact on the system. However, in the actual application process, the inventors found that for big data applications, this part of the impact is not negligible.

Based on these considerations, in one embodiment, the data producer module also calculates a hash value for each piece of second data. The second data may be stored based on the hash value to avoid duplication of the stored second data.

Since the first data comes from different data sources, their format may be different even if the contents of the first data are the same. Therefore, it is difficult to find the repetition of the first data. Here, the data duplication is determined based on the second data, and this problem can be avoided.

The duplication can be eliminated when storing the second data to the target database. For example, storing the hash value and each piece of second data in a data sharing memory in a corresponding manner, the data consumer module storing the second data to the target database with a hash value as a primary key of each second data . Thus, when storing data, for a data entry having the same primary key, the previous data entry can be overwritten by the subsequent data entry, or the subsequent data entry can be discarded.

It is also possible to eliminate the duplication during data synchronization. For example, the second data is stored in the data shared memory with the hash value as the primary key of each second data. In this way, the data consumer can read the second data directly from the data shared memory and store the second data to the target database. This reduces subsequent processing.

For example, the data consumer can read the second data only from the data shared memory without reading the hash value. In one example, the data consumer module reads the second data and the corresponding hash value from the data shared memory and stores the second data and the corresponding hash value to the target database. In this way, the target database and/or system application can also utilize the hash value. For example, the hash value can be utilized to calculate the address of the second data in the target database. Optionally, the hash value may also be utilized to verify the integrity of the second data.

<device>

It should be understood by those skilled in the art that in the field of electronic technology, the above method can be embodied in a product by software, hardware, and a combination of software and hardware. Those skilled in the art can easily generate a method based on the method disclosed above. A device that stores data of different data sources to a target database, the device comprising various operations in a method for performing data for storing different data sources to a target database in accordance with the described embodiments. For example, the apparatus includes: means for setting configuration information, wherein the configuration information represents a manner of conversion of first data from each data source when stored to a target database; Means for converting data into second data; and means for storing the second data to a target database.

<Middleware device>

The embodiment can be applied to a middleware device. The middleware device can be located in a server. For example, with the development of electronic technology, the difference between terminal devices and servers is getting smaller and smaller. Therefore, the middleware device can also be applied to a terminal device.

Figure 2 shows a schematic block diagram of a middleware device in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.

As shown in FIG. 2, the middleware device 2000 includes the device 2010 described above for storing data of different data sources to a target database.

In addition, for those of ordinary skill in the art of electronic information technology, a more straightforward and clear way of describing a technical solution is to describe the various operations in the solution. Those skilled in the art can directly design the desired product without knowing the operation to be performed. In this regard, in this embodiment, a middleware device is also provided which is designed to perform the operations in the method described in FIG.

It is well known to those skilled in the art that with the development of electronic information technology such as large scale integrated circuit technology and the trend of software hardware, it has become difficult to clearly define the software and hardware boundaries of computer systems. Because any operation can be implemented in software, it can also be implemented by it. Execution of any instruction can be done by hardware, as well as by software. Whether a hardware implementation or a software implementation is used for a certain machine function depends on non-technical factors such as price, speed, reliability, storage capacity, and change cycle. For the technician, the software implementation and hardware implementation are equivalent. The technician can select software or hardware as needed to implement the above solution. Therefore, no specific software or hardware is limited here.

<server>

FIG. 3 shows a schematic block diagram of a server in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention.

As shown in FIG. 3, the server 3000 may include the middleware device 2000 shown in FIG. 2.

The target database may be located inside the server 3000 or may be connected to the server 3000 by wire or wirelessly. For example, the server 3000 includes an in-memory database, wherein the middleware device 2000 uses the in-memory database as a target database and stores data of different data sources to the in-memory database.

Figure 4 shows a schematic block diagram of a server in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention.

As shown in FIG. 4, the server 4000 can include a processor 4010, a memory 4020, an interface device 4030, a communication device 4040, a display device 4050, an input device 4060, a speaker 4070, a microphone 4080, and the like.

The processor 4010 can be, for example, a central processing unit CPU, a microprocessor MCU, or the like. The memory 4020 includes, for example, a ROM (Read Only Memory), a RAM (Random Access Memory), a nonvolatile memory such as a hard disk, and the like. The interface device 4030 includes, for example, a USB interface, a headphone jack, and the like.

The communication device 4040 can perform wired or wireless communication, for example.

The display device 4050 is, for example, a liquid crystal display, a touch display, or the like. Input device 4060 can include, for example, a touch screen, a keyboard, and the like. The user can input/output voice information through the speaker 4070 and the microphone 4080.

The server shown in Figure 4 is merely illustrative and is in no way intended to limit the invention, its application or use.

In this embodiment, the memory 4020 is configured to store instructions for controlling the processor 4010 to operate to perform the method of storing data for storing different data sources to a target database as described above with reference to FIG. Each operation in . It will be understood by those skilled in the art that although a plurality of devices are illustrated in FIG. 4, the present invention may relate only to some of the devices, such as processor 4010 and storage device 4020, and the like. A technician can design instructions in accordance with the disclosed aspects of the present invention. How the instructions control the processor for operation is well known in the art and will not be described in detail herein.

<example>

Figure 5 shows a schematic block diagram of an example of a system to which embodiments of the invention may be applied.

As shown in FIG. 5, server 5040 is coupled to databases 5020, 5030 via network 5010. Although network 5010 is shown in FIG. 5, those skilled in the art will appreciate that server 5040 can be directly coupled to databases 5020, 5030, or that databases 5020, 5030 can be located within server 5040.

In addition, in FIG. 5, the server 5040 is also connected to the memory server 5050. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the memory server 5050 can be located internal to the server 5040.

Embodiments in accordance with the present invention may be implemented in server 5040. For example, the server can be the server described above.

First, set the configuration information. For example, the configuration information may include task information indicating that data is stored in the target database, data source information indicating the data source, conversion rule information indicating a manner of data conversion, and destination information indicating a data storage destination.

The table below shows an example of the information.

(1) Task information

(2) Data source information

(3) Output destination

(4) Conversion rule information

The information can be converted into SQL statements for subsequent use according to different data synchronization/transmission tasks.

For example, data synchronization (data storing different data sources to a target database) can be performed by the data synchronization executor based on the information.

The data synchronization executor can perform data reading, conversion, and storage to the target database. A data synchronous executor can perform processing in a concurrent manner using multiple threads. For example, data sync executors employ a producer-consumer model. For example, it includes components: data producers, data sharing memory, and data consumers.

FIG. 6 shows a schematic block diagram of an example of a producer-consumer mode that can be applied to embodiments of the present invention.

As shown in FIG. 6, according to the configuration information described above, the data producer reads the first data, for example, a data A table, a data B table, a data C table, and the like. For example, the data producer reads the corresponding data, tables, fields, etc. according to the data source information. The data producer converts the first data into the second data according to the conversion rule information.

Here, the data producer can calculate the hash value of the second data.

For example, every 5000 data is a batch, and the data is stored in the data sharing memory. The second data may be stored in the data shared memory with the hash value as a primary key to prevent duplication. Optionally, the hash value and the second data may also be stored in the data sharing memory in a corresponding manner, and the repetition is eliminated when the second data is stored in the target database.

The data consumer (thread) reads the second data from the data shared memory. For example, the data consumer can read the second data and the corresponding hash value. The second data is stored in a target database such as a Fooyum in-memory database with the hash value as a primary key to prevent data duplication.

For example, the data consumer reads the second data for a batch of 5000 data and includes multiple threads to store the second data to the Fooyum in-memory database for use by the system.

The data shared memory can contain the status of the data producer, for example, during data reading, data has been read, data read abnormalities, and the like. When the status is "data has been read" and "read data is abnormal", the data producer (thread) will end. If the data in the data shared memory is consumed, or if the status is "read data abnormal", the data consumer will end.

After the data producer and the data consumer are finished, information such as the running status of the data shared memory, the number of successful processing, the number of processing failures, the running time, and the processing duration can be saved to the database.

The data synchronization task can be automatically performed periodically according to the configuration information. In this way, different data can be read from different relational databases at regular intervals, and the data can be synchronized to the in-memory database according to the specified conversion rules. The application system can quickly read relevant data from the in-memory database. The application system can use, for example, a big data recommendation algorithm or the like.

For example, embodiments of the invention may be applied to Hive data warehousing tools.

The embodiment of the present invention further provides a computer readable storage medium carrying one or more computer instruction programs thereon, when the computer instruction program is executed by one or more processors, one or more processors execute to implement one for A method for storing data of different data sources to a target database, comprising: setting configuration information, wherein the configuration information includes: a manner of converting the first data from each data source when storing to the target database; and based on the configuration information, the first The data is converted into the second data; and the second data is stored to the target database.

A person skilled in the art can understand that all or part of the steps of implementing the above method embodiments may be completed by using hardware related to the program instructions. The foregoing program may be stored in a computer readable storage medium, and the program is executed when executed. The foregoing storage medium includes: a mobile storage device, a random access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), a magnetic disk, or an optical disk. A medium that can store program code.

Alternatively, the above-described integrated unit of the embodiment of the present invention may be stored in a computer readable storage medium if it is implemented in the form of a software function module and sold or used as a stand-alone product. Based on such understanding, the technical solution of the embodiments of the present invention may be embodied in the form of a software product in essence or in the form of a software product, which is stored in a storage medium and includes a plurality of instructions for making A computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) performs all or part of the methods described in the various embodiments. The foregoing storage medium includes various media that can store program codes, such as a mobile storage device, a RAM, a ROM, a magnetic disk, or an optical disk.

Embodiments of the invention may be apparatus, methods, and/or computer program products. The computer program product can comprise a computer readable storage medium having computer readable program instructions embodied thereon for causing a processor to implement various aspects of the present invention.

The computer readable storage medium can be a tangible device that can hold and store the instructions used by the instruction execution device. The computer readable storage medium can be, for example, but not limited to, an electrical storage device, a magnetic storage device, an optical storage device, an electromagnetic storage device, a semiconductor storage device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. More specific examples (non-exhaustive list) of computer readable storage media include: portable computer disks, hard disks, random access memory (RAM), read only memory (ROM), erasable programmable read only memory (EPROM) Or flash memory), static random access memory (SRAM), portable compact disk read only memory (CD-ROM), digital versatile disk (DVD), memory stick, floppy disk, mechanical encoding device, for example, with instructions stored thereon A raised structure in the hole card or groove, and any suitable combination of the above. A computer readable storage medium as used herein is not to be interpreted as a transient signal itself, such as a radio wave or other freely propagating electromagnetic wave, an electromagnetic wave propagating through a waveguide or other transmission medium (eg, a light pulse through a fiber optic cable), or through a wire The electrical signal transmitted.

The computer readable program instructions described herein can be downloaded from a computer readable storage medium to various computing/processing devices or downloaded to an external computer or external storage device over a network, such as the Internet, a local area network, a wide area network, and/or a wireless network. The network may include copper transmission cables, fiber optic transmissions, wireless transmissions, routers, firewalls, switches, gateway computers, and/or edge servers. A network adapter card or network interface in each computing/processing device receives computer readable program instructions from the network and forwards the computer readable program instructions for storage in a computer readable storage medium in each computing/processing device .

Computer program instructions for performing the operations of the present invention may be assembly instructions, instruction set architecture (ISA) instructions, machine instructions, machine related instructions, microcode, firmware instructions, state setting data, or in one or more programming languages. Source code or object code written in any combination, including object oriented programming languages such as Smalltalk, C++, etc., as well as conventional procedural programming languages such as the "C" language or similar programming languages. The computer readable program instructions can execute entirely on the user's computer, partly on the user's computer, as a stand-alone software package, partly on the user's computer, partly on the remote computer, or entirely on the remote computer or server. carried out. In the case of a remote computer, the remote computer can be connected to the user's computer through any kind of network, including a local area network (LAN) or wide area network (WAN), or can be connected to an external computer (eg, using an Internet service provider to access the Internet) connection). In some embodiments, the customized electronic circuit, such as a programmable logic circuit, a field programmable gate array (FPGA), or a programmable logic array (PLA), can be customized by utilizing state information of computer readable program instructions. Computer readable program instructions are executed to implement various aspects of the present invention.

Aspects of embodiments of the present invention are described herein with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus, and computer program products according to embodiments of the invention. It will be understood that each block of the flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the flowcharts and/or block diagrams can be implemented by computer readable program instructions.

The computer readable program instructions can be provided to a general purpose computer, a special purpose computer, or a processor of other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine such that when executed by a processor of a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus Means for implementing the functions/acts specified in one or more of the blocks of the flowcharts and/or block diagrams. The computer readable program instructions can also be stored in a computer readable storage medium that causes the computer, programmable data processing device, and/or other device to operate in a particular manner, such that the computer readable medium storing the instructions includes An article of manufacture that includes instructions for implementing various aspects of the functions/acts recited in one or more of the flowcharts.

The computer readable program instructions can also be loaded onto a computer, other programmable data processing device, or other device to perform a series of operational steps on a computer, other programmable data processing device or other device to produce a computer-implemented process. Thus, instructions executed on a computer, other programmable data processing apparatus, or other device implement the functions/acts recited in one or more of the flowcharts and/or block diagrams.

The flowchart and block diagrams in the Figures illustrate the architecture, functionality, and operation of possible implementations of systems, methods, and computer program products according to various embodiments of the invention. In this regard, each block in the flowchart or block diagram can represent a module, a program segment, or a portion of an instruction that includes one or more components for implementing the specified logical functions. Executable instructions. In some alternative implementations, the functions noted in the blocks may also occur in a different order than those illustrated in the drawings. For example, two consecutive blocks may be executed substantially in parallel, and they may sometimes be executed in the reverse order, depending upon the functionality involved. It is also noted that each block of the block diagrams and/or flowcharts, and combinations of blocks in the block diagrams and/or flowcharts, can be implemented in a dedicated hardware-based system that performs the specified function or function. Or it can be implemented by a combination of dedicated hardware and computer instructions. It is well known to those skilled in the art that implementation by hardware, implementation by software, and implementation by a combination of software and hardware are equivalent.

The embodiments of the present invention have been described above, and the foregoing description is illustrative, not limiting, and not limited to the disclosed embodiments. Numerous modifications and changes will be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention. The choice of terms used herein is intended to best explain the principles, practical applications, or technical improvements in the various embodiments of the embodiments, or to enable those of ordinary skill in the art to understand the embodiments disclosed herein. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims.

Claims (18)

A method for storing data of different data sources to a target database, comprising: Setting configuration information, wherein the configuration information includes: a manner of converting the first data from each data source when stored in the target database; Converting the first data into the second data based on the configuration information; The second data is stored to the target database. The method of claim 1 wherein the different data sources characterize different databases or different tables in the same database. The method of claim 1 wherein the target database is an in-memory database. The method of claim 1 wherein the first data is stored to a target database using a producer-consumer mode. The method of claim 4, storing the first data to a target database using a producer-consumer mode, comprising: In the producer-consumer mode, the data producer module converts the first data into second data suitable for the target database and the second data in the data shared memory based on the configuration information; The data consumer module reads the second data from the data shared memory and stores the second data to the target database. The method of claim 5, the method further comprising: Determining whether each thread in the data producer module ends, or determining whether each thread in the data consumer ends; Data producer status information stored in the data sharing memory or data consumer status information stored in the data sharing memory when each thread in the data producer module ends, or each thread in the data consumer ends Stored to the target database. The method of claim 6, the data producer status information comprising at least one of the following: Running status information corresponding to each thread in the data producer module; The number of threads that failed to process in the data producer module; The number of threads successfully processed in the data producer module; a running time corresponding to each thread in the data producer module; Processing time corresponding to each thread in the data producer module; The data consumer status information includes at least one of the following: Running status information corresponding to each thread in the data consumer module; The number of threads that failed to process in the data consumer module; The number of threads successfully processed in the data consumer module; a running time corresponding to each thread in the data consumer module; The processing time corresponding to each thread in the data consumer module. A method according to any one of claims 4 to 7, wherein a hash value of each piece of second data is also calculated by said data producer module, and Wherein the second data is stored based on the hash value. The method of claim 8 wherein said hash value and each second data are stored in a data sharing memory in a corresponding manner; The data consumer module stores the second data to the target database with a hash value as a primary key of each second data. The method of claim 9, wherein the second data is stored in the data shared memory with the hash value as a primary key of each of the second data. The method of claim 10 wherein said data consumer module reads the second data and the corresponding hash value from the data shared memory and stores the second data and the corresponding hash value to the target database. The method according to claim 1, wherein the configuration information further comprises: task information for storing data to the target database, data source information, a conversion rule of the data conversion mode, and data storage destination information. A device for storing data of different data sources to a target database, comprising: a setting module, configured to set configuration information, wherein the configuration information represents a conversion manner of the first data from each data source when being stored in the target database; a conversion module, configured to convert the first data into the second data based on the configuration information set by the setting module; And a storage module, configured to store the second data converted by the conversion module to the target database. A middleware device comprising the apparatus for storing data of different data sources to a target database according to claim 13, or for performing the operations in the method according to any one of claims 1-9. A server comprising the middleware device of claim 14. The server of claim 15 further comprising an in-memory database, wherein said middleware device uses said in-memory database as a target database and stores data of different data sources to said in-memory database. A server comprising a memory and a processor, wherein the memory is for storing instructions that, when the server is running, control the processor to perform the use of any of claims 1-12 A method of storing data from different data sources to a target database. A computer readable storage medium having one or more computer program programs thereon, the one or more processors executing any one of claims 1 to 12 when the computer program program is executed by one or more processors The method described in the item.

Images