WO2018169007A1 - 腫瘍組織を用いた初代がん細胞の3次元培養 - Google Patents
腫瘍組織を用いた初代がん細胞の3次元培養 Download PDFInfo
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- G01N33/5011—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving human or animal cells for testing or evaluating the effect of chemical or biological compounds, e.g. drugs, cosmetics for testing antineoplastic activity
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- C12N2533/00—Supports or coatings for cell culture, characterised by material
- C12N2533/90—Substrates of biological origin, e.g. extracellular matrix, decellularised tissue
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing a cell mass by a three-dimensional culture method of primary cancer cells using tumor tissue, a cell mass, a screening method, a determination method, and a kit.
- cancer cell lines have been used as a method for evaluating tumors in vitro.
- cancer cell lines are almost homogeneous cell populations adapted to the environment in vitro, and because accumulation of genetic mutations is observed due to long-term maintenance, the characteristics of the underlying tumor It has been pointed out that many have been lost.
- tumors are composed of cancer cells with diverse genetic backgrounds, and even with this limited number of cancer cell lines, the pathology is sufficiently It is pointed out that it cannot be explained. Therefore, in order to understand the tumor more correctly, a culture system using primary tumor cells has attracted attention.
- xenograft Principal-Derived Xenograft, PDX
- Non-Patent Document 1 Third Edition Tissue Culture Technology -Basics-, Asakura Shoten, 1996.
- separation of cells by density gradient centrifugation and coating with an extracellular matrix in a culture vessel The use of a serum-free medium, cell separation by the difference in sensitivity to trypsin enzymes and antibiotics, and the like have been performed.
- a serum-free medium cell separation by the difference in sensitivity to trypsin enzymes and antibiotics, and the like have been performed.
- Non-patent Document 2 Sato, Toshiro, et al. "Single Lgr5 stem cells build crypt villus structures in vitro without a mesenchymal niche.” Nature 459.7244 (2009): 262-265.
- Non-Patent Document 3 Sato, Toshiro, et al.
- Organoid culture is a culture method that forms a cell mass (organoid) by self-organization of living stem cells. Specifically, living stem cells are embedded in an extracellular matrix gel and an optimal medium is used. Culture. By applying this technique to primary cancer cells, they have developed colorectal cancer (Non-patent document 3), prostate cancer (Non-patent document 4: Gao, Dong, et al. "Organoid cultures derived fromientpatients with advanced prostate cancer.
- the second is the 3D-tumour growth assay (3D-TGA) method developed by Molecular Response. It is the same as the first method in that it is embedded in an extracellular matrix gel and cultured using an optimal medium, but pre-culture is performed in a culture vessel coated with the extracellular matrix in the previous step. The difference is that cancer-associated fibroblasts (Cancer Associated Fibroblast, CAF) or mesenchymal stem cells (Mesenchymal Stem Cell, MSC) are optionally embedded together with cancer cells in an extracellular matrix gel.
- cancer-associated fibroblasts Cancer Associated Fibroblast, CAF
- MSC mesenchymal Stem Cell
- CTOS method a culture method developed by Inoue et al. Of the Center for Adult Diseases using a cell mass (Cancer Tissue-Originated Spheroid, CTOS) with a diameter of 40 to 100 ⁇ m that is not dispersed uniformly (CTOS method).
- CTOS method Non-Patent Literature 7: Kondo, Jumpei, et al. "Retaining cell-cell contact enables preparation and culture of spheroids composed of pure primary cancer cells from colorectal cancer.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences .). Specifically, the obtained CTOS is seeded on a non-adhesive plate and cultured while being suspended using an optimal medium.
- CTOS grows cancer cells without embedding in an extracellular matrix gel, it is less time-consuming to control temperature compared to the first and second methods.
- drug susceptibility testing requires a complicated process of selecting and re-arranging CTOS of uniform size, which has low high-throughput performance, and cancer cells compared to the method of embedding in an extracellular matrix. Because of its low growth potential, its practicality is not sufficient.
- the fourth is a culture method developed by Nakamura et al. Of the National Cancer Center using a single dispersed cancer cell and a cell culture plate that has been treated to suppress adhesion (Patent Document 1). : WO2016 / 047801). Specifically, a method of cultivating a cell mass by seeding cancer cells dispersed in a single cell with NanoCulture® Plate, a three-dimensional culture plate manufactured by ORGANOGENIX, together with a medium containing 1% by volume or more of serum. A culture kit (cancer organoid culture kit) is sold by ORGANOGENIX. Since this method allows cancer cells to grow without embedding in an extracellular matrix gel, the temperature-controlled operation is less than that of the first and second methods.
- Non-Patent Document 8 Sakamoto, Ruriko, et al. "Time-lapse imaging assay using the BioStation CT: A sensitive drug-screening method for three-dimensional cell culture.” Cancer science 106.6 (2015): 757-765.)
- Especially in breast cancer xenograft tumors it was not possible to confirm that the cell mass was clearly growing, and the versatility was not sufficiently verified. There is a doubt.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned problems, and the inventors have used primary tumor cells while suppressing the growth of cells other than cancer cells such as fibroblasts using tumor tissue as a starting material.
- a patient xenograft (hereinafter sometimes abbreviated as PDX) tumor is used as a starting material, and a single dispersed cell is used to create a floating state by combining an optimal culture substrate and a three-dimensional culture medium.
- 3D culture method of primary cancer cells that have high growth ability and can be easily used, versatility, and high throughput.
- the present inventors have found that a cell mass can be produced.
- the present invention can be exemplified as follows.
- a method for producing a cell mass by a three-dimensional culture method of primary cancer cells using tumor tissue A method comprising a three-dimensional culture step of culturing cells obtained from tumor tissue in a medium comprising 5 v / v% or less extracellular matrix on a substantially low adhesion cell culture substrate.
- a step of producing a cell mass of primary cancer cells by the method of producing a cell mass according to [1] or [2], Administering a test substance to the cell mass; Evaluating the effect of the test substance on the cell mass, A screening method for substances that act on cell masses.
- [5] A step of producing a cell mass of primary cancer cells by the method of producing a cell mass according to [1] or [2], Administering a test substance to the cell mass; Evaluating the effect of the test substance on the cell mass, A method for determining the effect of a substance on the cell mass.
- the cell mass mainly composed of primary cancer cells has a high proliferation ability, and It was possible to provide a method for producing a cell mass by a three-dimensional culture method of primary cancer cells, which has easy handling, versatility, and high throughput.
- FIG. 4 (photo) showing the culture results of Example 2.
- * 1 Pancreatic cancer (1) PDX tumor was used.
- the culture medium used was StemPro hESC SFM with Corning Matrigel GFR added to a final concentration of 2 v / v%.
- * 2 When spindle-shaped cells were observed on the bottom of the plate, it was judged that fibroblasts had adhered.
- the figure (photograph) which shows the culture result of Example 3.
- FIG. * 1 Pancreatic cancer (1) PDX tumor was used. PrimeSurface was used.
- * 2 When a half amount of medium in a well is sucked up by pipetting, it is impossible to suck up cells or cell masses together.
- FIG. * 1 Pancreatic cancer (1) PDX tumor was used. PrimeSurface was used. * 2: When a half amount of medium in a well is sucked up by pipetting, it is impossible to suck up cells or cell masses together.
- * 1 Pancreatic cancer (1) PDX tumor was used. PrimeSurface was used.
- * 2 When a half amount of medium in a well is sucked up by pipetting, it is impossible to suck up cells or cell masses together.
- FIG. 1 Pancreatic cancer (1) PDX tumor was used. PrimeSurface was used. * 2: When a half amount of medium in a well is sucked up by pipetting, it is impossible to suck up cells or cell masses together. The figure (photograph) which shows the culture result (Cellmatrix Type I-A) of Example 4. * 1: Pancreatic cancer (1) PDX tumor was used. PrimeSurface was used. * 2: The day 14 14 2v / v% wells were observed macroscopically because they were not focused with a microscope. * 3: When half of the medium in the well is sucked up by pipetting, it is impossible to suck up the cells or cell mass together. The figure (photograph) which shows the culture result of Example 5. FIG.
- FIG. * 1 Pancreatic cancer (1) PDX tumor was used.
- the culture medium used was a basal medium supplemented with Corning Matrigel GFR so that the final concentration was 2 v / v%.
- the culture plate used PrimeSurface.
- the figure (photograph) which shows the culture result of Example 6.
- FIG. 6 shows the culture results of Example 7 (photograph).
- * 1 The culture medium was StemPro hESC SFM with Corning Matrigel GFR added to a final concentration of 2v / v%. PrimeSurface was used for the culture plate.
- FIG. 8 showing the culture results of Example 8.
- the culture medium was StemPro hESC SFM with Corning Matrigel GFR added to a final concentration of 2v / v%. PrimeSurface was used for the culture plate.
- FIG. 11 shows the culture results of Example 9. * 1: The culture medium was StemPro hESC SFM with Corning Matrigel GFR added to a final concentration of 2v / v%. PrimeSurface was used for the culture plate.
- Half of the medium was replaced with a culture medium supplemented with Gemcitabine on Day 7. On days 10 and 12, half of the medium was exchanged with a culture medium supplemented with Gemcitabine so that the final concentration did not change.
- FIG. 10 shows the culture results of Example 10.
- the figure (photograph) which shows the culture result (fresh tumor) of Example 11.
- FIG. The figure (photograph) which shows the culture result (frozen tumor) of Example 11.
- the method for producing a cell mass by a three-dimensional culture method of primary cancer cells using the tumor tissue of the present invention is 5 v / v% or less on a cell culture substrate having substantially low adhesion as a three-dimensional culture step.
- a primary cancer cell obtained from the tumor tissue is cultured in a medium containing the extracellular matrix.
- the primary cancer cells are three-dimensionally cultured in a floating state, it has been considered that cell clusters are difficult to form unless a special technique is used.
- the culture medium containing an extracellular matrix it was thought that the cell mass which has high proliferation ability will be obtained by culturing in a fixed state in a gel-like culture medium.
- the floating state does not mean that it is adhered to the cell culture substrate or does not move in the gel-like culture solution, but means that it is easily moved by an operation such as pipetting. .
- the size of the cell mass produced by the method of the present invention is not particularly limited, but is, for example, an average diameter of 100 ⁇ m or more, preferably an average diameter of 100 ⁇ m to 300 ⁇ m.
- Examples of the cell culture substrate having a substantially low adhesion that can be used in the present invention include a low adhesion culture substrate that enables floating three-dimensional culture of cells.
- the cell culture substrate having substantially low adhesion may be any cell culture substrate having low adhesion as a whole for use in a three-dimensional culture method, and has a hydrophilic surface.
- Examples include culture substrates and culture substrates whose surfaces have been treated with hydrophilic compounds. Specific examples include PrimeSurface (Sumitomo Bakelite), Corning ULA Round-bottom (Corning), Corning ULA Flat- Examples include bottom (Corning) and Elplasia (Kuraray).
- the cell culture substrate having adhesiveness may be subjected to a treatment for suppressing adhesion to form a low adhesion culture substrate.
- a treatment for suppressing the adhesiveness a known hydrophilic treatment method or hydrophobic treatment can be used.
- the low adhesion is determined by three-dimensional culture of primary cancer cells using tumor tissue, and cells other than cancer cells such as fibroblasts grow and proliferate in places other than cell clusters on the substrate. It can be judged by confirming that it does not.
- the shape, processing, material, etc. of the substrate are not limited.
- the tumor tissue that can be used in the present invention may be a tissue fragment containing known cancer cells, such as lymphoma, myeloma, brain tumor, breast cancer, endometrial cancer, cervical cancer, ovarian cancer, esophageal cancer.
- known cancer cells such as lymphoma, myeloma, brain tumor, breast cancer, endometrial cancer, cervical cancer, ovarian cancer, esophageal cancer.
- Stomach cancer appendix cancer, colon cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, gallbladder cancer, bile duct cancer, pancreatic cancer, adrenal cancer, gastrointestinal stromal tumor, mesothelioma, laryngeal cancer, oral floor cancer, gingival cancer, tongue cancer, buccal mucosa Cancer, salivary gland cancer, sinus cancer, maxillary sinus cancer, frontal sinus cancer, ethmoid sinus cancer, sphenoid sinus cancer, thyroid cancer, kidney cancer, lung cancer, osteosarcoma, prostate cancer, testicular tumor, renal cell carcinoma, bladder
- Examples include cancer, rhabdomyosarcoma, skin cancer, anal cancer, various other cancer cells, various stem cells, various progenitor cells, mesenchymal progenitor cells, ES cells, iPS cells, and the like.
- the cell is not limited to a single cell but may be an aggregate of a plurality of cell types.
- the origin of the tumor tissue is not particularly limited, but animals belonging to primates including humans and monkeys, animals belonging to rodents such as mice and rats, animals belonging to rabbit eyes, cats such as dogs and cats, Examples include animals belonging to the order of cloven-hoofed animals such as pigs and odd-hoofed animals such as cows and horses.
- a xenograft Principal-Derived Xenograft, PDX
- PDX tient-Derived Xenograft
- the patient-derived xenograft tumor can be produced using a known technique (Non-patent Document 9: Cho, Sung-Yup, et al. “An integrative approach to precision cancer medicine using patient-derived xenografts.” Molecules. and cells 39.2 (2016): 77.).
- Non-patent Document 9 Cho, Sung-Yup, et al. “An integrative approach to precision cancer medicine using patient-derived xenografts.” Molecules. and cells 39.2 (2016): 77.
- the present invention even in PDX tumors, the three-dimensional primary cancer cells have high proliferation ability of cancer cells that can be used in various tests, and also have easy handling, versatility, and high throughput. Since a cell mass can be prepared by a culture method, it is particularly preferable to target a PDX tumor.
- a PDX tumor can be targeted.
- a tumor tissue that can be used in the present invention, a fresh tumor that has been surgically removed and immersed in a tissue preservation solution (such as physiological saline or HBSS) is immersed in a cryopreservation solution (such as CELLBANKER 1).
- a tissue preservation solution such as physiological saline or HBSS
- a cryopreservation solution such as CELLBANKER 1
- a publicly known method can be used as a preparation process of the primary cancer cell in the preparation method of the cell mass by the three-dimensional culture method of the primary cancer cell using the tumor tissue which can be used for the present invention.
- a method of separating cells from a tissue piece containing cancer cells and a method of using the tissue piece as it is, but a method of separating cells from the ease of handling, reproducibility of tests, etc. preferable.
- Examples of a method for separating cells from tissue pieces containing cancer cells include, for example, enzyme treatment, density gradient centrifugation treatment, filter treatment, magnetic beads, and flow cytometer on tumor tissue pieces removed from a living body. Separation and purification by first-class treatment can be mentioned. Enzyme treatment is preferable because the treatment method is simple and cancer cells dispersed in a single cell can be easily obtained.
- These cell groups may be aggregates of cells derived from the same tissue and different in differentiation stage.
- the three-dimensional culture method that can be used in the present invention includes a primary culture obtained from tumor tissue in a medium containing 5 v / v% or less extracellular matrix on the cell culture substrate that is substantially low adhesion.
- Examples include culturing cancer cells.
- the extracellular matrix, the medium and the primary cancer cells may be mixed in any order, but a medium containing the extracellular matrix of 5 v / v% or less in a sol state is prepared, and the primary Inoculating a mixture of cancer cells on the culture plate having substantially low adhesion. If the extracellular matrix is 5 v / v% or less, the primary cancer cells are cultured in a suspended state.
- the ability to culture in a floating state facilitates handling, makes it easy to use for various tests, and also makes it easy to use for high-throughput tests because mechanical operation is possible.
- Examples of the extracellular matrix that can be used in the present invention include those that can be used in a known three-dimensional culture method.
- collagen I collagen I, collagen IV, fibronectin, laminin, vitronectin, entactin, gelatin, elastin, proteoglycan, glucosaminoglycan, chondroitin sulfate, dermatan sulfate, heparan sulfate, heparin, keratan sulfate, Matrigel (trademark: Corning), Matrigel GFR (Trademark: Corning), Cultrex BME (Trademark: TREVIGEN), Cultrex RGF BME (Trademark: TREVIGEN), Cellmatrix Type IA (Trademark: Nitta Gelatin), Growth Factor (Basic FGF, EGF, IGF-1 , PDGF, NGF, TGF beta, etc.).
- the concentration of the extracellular matrix that can be used in the present invention may be any concentration that allows primary cancer cells obtained from tumor tissue to be three-dimensionally cultured in a floating state, and includes 5 v / v% or less.
- the lower limit is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.1 v / v% or more, more preferably 0.2 v / v% or more, and particularly preferably 0.5 v / v% or more.
- those skilled in the art can appropriately set.
- the cell density to be seeded that can be used in the present invention is not limited as long as primary cancer cells obtained from tumor tissue can normally survive as a cell mass produced by a three-dimensional culture method.
- the primary cancer cells can usually be seeded at a density of 3 ⁇ 10 3 to 7 ⁇ 10 4 cells / cm 2 , but the preferred cell density is appropriately selected according to the culture conditions and the culture equipment used. Can be set.
- the culture conditions known conditions can be used.
- the culture temperature is preferably 20 to 45 ° C., more preferably 30 to 42 ° C., particularly preferably 35 to 39 ° C.
- the pH of the culture solution is pH 7 to 8. preferable.
- the culture period can be appropriately set according to the target test method, but it can be 2 days or more and 30 days or less, more preferably 7 days or more and 14 days or less. Even if it is more than a day), it can be stably maintained at a high level, so its utility value is high.
- any cell culture basic medium, differentiation medium, medium for primary culture, and the like can be used.
- examples thereof include Dulbecco's modified Eagle medium (DMEM), Glasgow MEM (GMEM), RPMI 1640, Ham F12, serum-free medium (MCDB medium, etc.), and the like.
- DMEM Dulbecco's modified Eagle medium
- GMEM Glasgow MEM
- RPMI 1640 Ham F12
- MCDB medium serum-free medium
- a medium in which serum, various growth factors (insulin, transferrin, selenium salt, dexamethasone) or a differentiation inducing factor is added to these media can be used.
- the cell mass that can be produced by the three-dimensional culture method of primary cancer cells using the tumor tissue of the present invention is not limited to the following, but various test methods, for example, a screening method for substances that act on the cell mass, It can be used in a method for determining the effect of a substance on the cell mass.
- the cell mass has a high cell growth ability that can be used in various test methods, and also exists in a floating state. Therefore, the cell mass has ease of handling, versatility, and high throughput. There is an advantage that it is easy to use.
- a method for screening a substance that acts on the cell mass of the present invention those skilled in the art can appropriately carry out a known method.
- a step of producing a cell mass by a three-dimensional culture method of primary cancer cells using tumor tissue a step of administering a test substance to the cell mass, and the cell mass by the test substance
- a method for screening a substance having an effect on the cell mass examples include substances that directly or indirectly act on the cell mass, such as an anticancer agent and various compounds, an antibody, an antibody-drug complex, a nucleic acid, Peptides, viruses, cells (NK cells, TCR-T cells, CAR-T cells, etc.) and the like can be mentioned.
- a substance capable of suppressing the growth of the cell mass can be screened, it can be used for the development of an anticancer agent.
- test substances for determining the effect include anticancer agents, various compounds, antibodies, antibody drug conjugates, nucleic acids, peptides, viruses, cells (NK cells, TCR-T cells, CAR-T cells, etc.) ) And the like.
- the anticancer agent is administered to a patient who is derived from the cell mass.
- the treatment effect can be enhanced by, for example, the treatment effect can be enhanced.
- the present invention is not limited to the combination of the cell mass and the patient derived from the cell mass, and can be applied to a patient from which the same type of cells as the cell mass is derived.
- Known anticancer agents can be used, for example, actinomycin D, melphalan, busulfan, strength ruboplatin, cisplatin, cyclophosphamide, dacarbazine, oxaliplatin, pro strength rubazine, temozolomide , Ifosfamide, liposomal doxorubicin, doxorubicin, daunorubicin, epirubicin, idarubicin, mitomycin C, bleomycin, mitoxantrone, cladribine, fluorouracil, merpupurin, peme lexad, melexer coconut, cytarabine, nelarabine, capecitabine Fludarabine, gemcitabine, pentostatin, pinklistin, eribulin, paclitaxel, vinblastine, irinote force, docetaxel, etoposide, vinorelbine, nogite , Paclitaxel,
- the cell mass may be used for various tests in the culture solution as it is after completion of the culture by the three-dimensional culture method, or may be transferred to another container and used for various tests.
- the recovery method can be carried out by a known method. Those skilled in the art can appropriately select and implement these.
- the cell mass is cultured in a suspended state, there is an advantage that it can be easily collected.
- test methods include known test methods. For example, cell proliferation tests (MTT assay, ATP assay, etc.), life / death cell staining analysis, phenotype screening (examination of cell shape change, etc., for example, epithelial-mesenchymal transition) Analysis), histopathological analysis (HE staining, immunohistochemical staining, etc.), biochemical analysis (gene mutation analysis, mRNA expression analysis, protein expression analysis, exosome analysis, etc.) and the like.
- MTT assay life / death cell staining analysis
- phenotype screening examination of cell shape change, etc., for example, epithelial-mesenchymal transition
- histopathological analysis HE staining, immunohistochemical staining, etc.
- biochemical analysis gene mutation analysis, mRNA expression analysis, protein expression analysis, exosome analysis, etc.
- a person skilled in the art can appropriately set and use a test method according to purposes such as a screening method for the substance and a determination method for the
- test methods can be carried out using a general automatic dispensing device, inoculating cells into 96-well or 384-well plates, medium exchange, addition of chemicals, addition of assay reagents.
- a general automatic dispensing device inoculating cells into 96-well or 384-well plates, medium exchange, addition of chemicals, addition of assay reagents.
- acquisition of electronic data using a luminescence or fluorescence measurement device acquisition of image analysis electronic data using an automatic image analysis device, etc., it can be performed easily or with high throughput.
- the cell mass produced by the three-dimensional culture method of primary cancer cells using the tumor tissue of the present invention suppresses the growth of cells other than cancer cells such as fibroblasts, and the primary cancer cells are the main components. It can be easily confirmed by those skilled in the art using a known method that the cell cluster has a high proliferation ability and can be used for various purposes reflecting the living body. For example, visual confirmation of cell mass formation, evaluation of cell proliferation, evaluation of effects on cell mass using known substances, and cell mass obtained from animals to animals again It can be confirmed whether or not it has a function similar to that of a tumor in a living body by evaluating whether it has a tumorigenicity after transplantation.
- the kit of the present invention is a kit for producing a cell mass by a three-dimensional culture method of primary cancer cells using a tumor tissue, which is a cell culture substrate having substantially low adhesion, 5 v / v And a medium for a three-dimensional culture process containing no more than% extracellular matrix.
- the medium for the three-dimensional culture step containing 5% / v% or less extracellular matrix may be provided separately from the extracellular matrix and the medium so as to be prepared before use of the kit.
- a culture medium may be mixed and provided.
- the cell culture substrate, extracellular matrix or medium having substantially low adhesion that can be used in the method for producing the cell mass of the present invention is described so that the user of the kit can obtain it.
- examples of the cell culture substrate, the medium, the extracellular matrix, and the like, or the method of using the kit include those that can be used in the above-described method for producing the cell mass of the present invention.
- Example 1 Collection of tumor tissue and dispersion treatment of cancer cells>
- Patient-Derived Xenograft (hereinafter referred to as “PDX”) derived from a human cancer patient who was subcutaneously increased in an immunodeficient mouse [Super SCID mouse (strain name: C3H / HeJ / NOs-scid; LPS-nonresponder)] according to a conventional method )
- the tumor was aseptically removed in a safety cabinet and the necrotic area of the tumor was removed with surgical scissors.
- the tumor was immediately immersed in Japanese Pharmacopoeia physiological saline and stored on ice.
- the Japanese Pharmacopoeia physiological saline solution was removed from the tumor, and the tumor was washed three times with a sample treatment solution (attached to a cancer organoid culture kit, ORGANOGENIX).
- a sample treatment solution attached to a cancer organoid culture kit, ORGANOGENIX.
- cancer cells were dispersed as follows. The washed tumor was placed in a 10 cm petri dish on ice, and cut into approximately 1 mm squares with surgical scissors, and then collected in a 50 mL tube. A dispersion solution (attached to cancer organoid culture kit, ORGANOGENIX) was added to the tube, and the tumor pieces were subjected to enzyme treatment at 37 ° C. for 60 minutes while shaking in a water bath.
- the reaction was weakened by adding twice the amount of the sample treatment solution as the reaction solution, and the undispersed residue was removed through a 100 ⁇ m cell strainer.
- the tube and the cell strainer were washed with an appropriate amount of the sample treatment solution, and the cells were collected and centrifuged at 300 ⁇ g for 5 minutes. After removing the supernatant, the sample treatment solution was added to the cell pellet and resuspended, followed by centrifugation at 300 ⁇ g for 5 minutes. Then, the cell pellet was resuspended with an appropriate amount of the sample treatment solution, and the number of cells was counted. After confirming that it was a single cell, it was used for the following experiments.
- Example 2 Seeding and culturing of cells on three-dimensional culture plate>
- a cancer organoid culture kit ORGANOGENIX
- the cancer organoid culture kit is a method of culturing in a medium comprising 1% by volume or more of serum and a plate in which a low adhesion plate has an uneven scaffolding structure in order to form a cell mass of cancer cells.
- primary cancer cells were prepared using pancreatic cancer (1) PDX tumor (obtained from National Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences).
- NanoCulture Medium P type supplied with cancer organoid culture kit, ORGANOGENIX
- a cell suspension was prepared so that the number of cells was 1 ⁇ 10 5 cells / mL.
- an extracellular matrix that is usually used in a gel state is prepared so that the medium is contained in a sol-like condition, and the growth and proliferation of cells other than cancer cells such as fibroblasts is prevented.
- a cell suspension was prepared using a medium supplemented with Corning Matrigel GFR (Corning) so that the number of cells was 5 ⁇ 10 4 cells / mL. 200 ⁇ L of this is a general low-adhesion plate 3D culture plate PrimeSurface (Sumitomo Bakelite), Corning ULA Round-bottom (Corning), Corning ULA Flat-bottom (Corning), Elplasia (Kuraray), or Then, the cells were seeded in a 96-well microplate (Corning), which is a general adhesive flat (two-dimensional) culture plate, and static culture was started in a CO 2 incubator set at 37 ° C. and 5% CO 2 .
- Corning Matrigel GFR Corning Matrigel GFR
- NanoCulture Plate prepare a cell suspension at 1 ⁇ 10 5 cells / mL, add 100 ⁇ L of the cell suspension to a plate pre-wetted with 150 ⁇ L of medium, and inoculate the plate. ° C., was initiated static culture in a CO 2 incubator set at 5% CO 2. The number of seeded cells was 1 ⁇ 10 4 cells / 200 ⁇ L / well (other than NanoCulture Plate) or 1 ⁇ 10 4 cells / 250 ⁇ L / well (NanoCulture Plate), and the seeding date was Day 0. Medium replacement was performed as needed, with half volume. The results are shown in FIG. The morphology was confirmed with a phase-contrast microscope.
- the NanoCulture Plate which has a concavo-convex structure that serves as a scaffold for the formation of cell clumps on a 96-well microplate, which is a general adhesive flat plate, or a low-adhesion plate
- the formation of cell clumps was observed. Adherence of blasts to the bottom of the plate was observed.
- Example 3 Examination of concentration of extracellular matrix added to medium>
- primary cancer cells were prepared using pancreatic cancer (1) PDX tumor (obtained from National Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences). The necessary amount of cells counted after dispersion treatment is collected in a 15 mL tube, centrifuged at 300 xg for 5 min to remove the supernatant, and then the final concentration is 0, 0.5 in StemPro hESC SFM (Thermo Fisher Scientific). Using a medium supplemented with Corning Matrigel GFR (Corning) at 1, 2, 5, 10, 20 or 50 v / v%, the cell count is 5 ⁇ 10 4 cells / mL. A suspension was prepared.
- the morphology is confirmed with a phase-contrast microscope, and when the Corning Matrigel GFR concentration is 0.5 v / v% or more and 5 v / v% or less, there is no progress proliferation of cells other than cancer cells such as fibroblasts even in the floating state The formation of a sufficiently large cell mass was observed. Further, when half of the medium in the well was sucked by pipetting, if the cell or cell mass was sucked together without being in a sufficient sol state, the half-volume medium was not replaced. It was found that half-volume medium exchange can be carried out at 2 v / v% or less, the cell mass can be easily handled, and it can be easily used for various tests.
- Example 4 Examination of types of extracellular matrix added to culture medium>
- primary cancer cells were prepared using pancreatic cancer (1) PDX tumor (obtained from National Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences). The necessary amount of cells counted after dispersion treatment is collected in a 15 mL tube, centrifuged at 300 xg for 5 min to remove the supernatant, and then the final concentration is 0, 0.5 in StemPro hESC SFM (Thermo Fisher Scientific).
- a cell suspension was prepared using the prepared medium so that the number of cells was 5 ⁇ 10 4 cells / mL. 200 ⁇ L thereof was seeded on PrimeSurface (Sumitomo Bakelite Co., Ltd.), and static culture was started in a CO 2 incubator set at 37 ° C. and 5% CO 2 . The number of seeded cells was 1 ⁇ 10 4 cells / 200 ⁇ L / well, and the seeding date was Day 0.
- the medium was not changed, and the feasibility of changing the half amount of medium on Day 14 was evaluated.
- the results are shown in FIG. Confirm the morphology with a phase-contrast microscope or the naked eye, and float in the extracellular matrix of Corning Matrigel, Cultrex BME, Cultrex RGF BME, or Cellmatrix Type IA at a concentration of 0.5 v / v% to 5 v / v% Even so, there was no growth and proliferation of cells other than cancer cells such as fibroblasts, and formation of a sufficiently large cell mass was observed.
- half-volume medium exchange varies depending on the type of extracellular matrix, and can be performed at 2 to 5 v / v% or less.
- Example 5 Examination of type of basal medium>
- primary cancer cells were prepared using pancreatic cancer (1) PDX tumor (obtained from National Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences). The necessary amount of cells counted after the dispersion treatment is collected in a 15 mL tube, centrifuged at 300 xg for 5 min to remove the supernatant, and then used as a basal medium StemPro hESC SFM (Thermo Fisher Scientific) or StemFit AK02N ( Using a medium containing Corning Matrigel GFR (Corning) to a final concentration of 2v / v%, the cell suspension is adjusted to 5 ⁇ 10 4 cells / mL. Prepared.
- Example 6 Examination of PDX tumor types> According to Example 1, primary cancer cells were prepared using various PDX tumors (obtained from National Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences). Various PDX tumors include pancreatic cancer (1), pancreatic cancer (2), lung squamous cell carcinoma (1), lung squamous cell carcinoma (2), lung squamous cell carcinoma (3), gastric cancer (1 ) And colorectal cancer (1). The necessary amount of cells counted after dispersion treatment is collected in a 15 mL tube, centrifuged at 300 xg for 5 min to remove the supernatant, and then the final concentration is 2 v / v in StemPro hESC SFM (Thermo Fisher Scientific).
- a cell suspension was prepared using a medium supplemented with Corning Matrigel GFR (Corning) so that the number of cells was 5 ⁇ 10 4 cells / mL. 200 ⁇ L thereof was seeded on PrimeSurface (Sumitomo Bakelite Co., Ltd.), and static culture was started in a CO 2 incubator set at 37 ° C. and 5% CO 2 . The number of seeded cells was 1 ⁇ 10 4 cells / 200 ⁇ L / well, and the seeding date was Day 0. Medium replacement was performed as needed, with half volume. The results are shown in FIG.
- PDX tumors derived from any cancer type or from any patient had no growth and proliferation of cells other than cancer cells such as fibroblasts and were in a floating state. In addition, formation of a sufficiently large cell mass was observed.
- Example 7 Histopathological analysis> According to Example 1, primary cancer cells were prepared using pancreatic cancer (1) PDX tumor (obtained from National Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences). The necessary amount of cells counted after dispersion treatment is collected in a 15 mL tube, centrifuged at 300 xg for 5 min to remove the supernatant, and then the final concentration is 2 v / v in StemPro hESC SFM (Thermo Fisher Scientific). A cell suspension was prepared using a medium supplemented with Corning Matrigel GFR (Corning) so that the number of cells was 5 ⁇ 10 4 cells / mL.
- pancreatic cancer (1) PDX tumors were prepared and similarly subjected to HE staining and anti-human HLA immunohistochemical staining. The results are shown in FIG. From the staining results, it was confirmed that the cell mass prepared from the pancreatic cancer (1) PDX tumor was composed of human cancer cells. It was also confirmed that the pancreatic cancer (1) PDX tumor and the cell mass produced therefrom had a similar structure.
- Example 8 Examination of cell proliferation>
- primary cancer cells were prepared using pancreatic cancer (1) PDX tumor (obtained from National Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences). The necessary amount of cells counted after dispersion treatment is collected in a 15 mL tube, centrifuged at 300 xg for 5 min to remove the supernatant, and then the final concentration is 2 v / v in StemPro hESC SFM (Thermo Fisher Scientific).
- a cell suspension was prepared using a medium supplemented with Corning Matrigel GFR (Corning) so that the number of cells was 5 ⁇ 10 4 cells / mL.
- Example 9 Anticancer drug sensitivity test>
- pancreatic cancer pancreatic cancer
- PDX tumor obtained from National Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- the in vivo anticancer drug sensitivity test was performed by the following procedure with reference to a known method.
- Pancreatic cancer grown subcutaneously in immunodeficient mice [Super SCID mice (strain name: C3H / HeJ / NOs-scid; LPS-nonresponder)] (1) PDX tumor was aseptically removed in a safety cabinet, and the tumor The necrotic area was removed with surgical scissors. Thereafter, transplanted tumor pieces of about 2 to 3 mm square were prepared and subcutaneously transplanted into 12 or more immunodeficient mice.
- Gemcitabine 60 mg / kg / time was administered twice a week for 4 weeks. Tumor diameter was measured twice a week, the tumor volume was determined, and a tumor growth curve was prepared. The results are shown in the left figure of FIG.
- the in vitro anticancer drug sensitivity test was performed according to the following procedure.
- the necessary amount of cells counted after dispersion treatment is collected in a 15 mL tube, centrifuged at 300 xg for 5 min to remove the supernatant, and then the final concentration is 2 v / v in StemPro hESC SFM (Thermo Fisher Scientific).
- a cell suspension was prepared using a medium supplemented with Corning Matrigel GFR (Corning) so that the number of cells was 5 ⁇ 10 4 cells / mL.
- Example 10 Examination using frozen tumor tissue> According to Example 1, pancreatic cancer (1) PDX tumor (obtained from National Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences) was removed. The tumor was immersed in CELLBANKER 1 (Takara Bio) and frozen with a program deep freezer (Neppagene) to prepare a frozen tumor. The frozen tumor was thawed in a 37 ° C. bath and washed with HBSS (Thermo Fisher Scientific), and then primary cancer cells were prepared according to Example 1.
- CELLBANKER 1 obtained from National Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences
- the necessary amount of cells counted after dispersion treatment is collected in a 15 mL tube, centrifuged at 300 xg for 5 min to remove the supernatant, and then the final concentration is 2 v / v in StemPro hESC SFM (Thermo Fisher Scientific).
- the number of seeded cells was 1 ⁇ 10 4 cells / 200 ⁇ L / well, and the seeding date was Day 0.
- 50 ⁇ L each of the medium supplemented with gemcitabine was added (250 ⁇ L / well) so that the final concentration of gemcitabine was 0, 0.001, 0.01, 0.1, 1 or 10 ⁇ mol / L.
- An ATP assay using CellTiter-Glo 3D Cell Viability Assay (Promega) was performed on Day 0, 3 and 7, and the ratio of the result of each measurement day to the result of Day 0 was calculated to prepare a growth curve.
- the ratio of the results of each gemcitabine concentration group when the result of gemcitabine concentration of 0 ⁇ mol / L was taken as 100% cell viability was calculated, and a cell viability curve was created. These results are shown in FIG.
- the number of viable cells in a cell mass prepared from a once frozen pancreatic cancer (1) PDX tumor increased in a time-dependent manner and increased about 4-fold on Day 7 compared to Day 0. Even when tumor tissue once frozen was used, as in Example 9, gemcitabine suppressed the growth of cell mass derived from pancreatic cancer (1) PDX tumor.
- Example 11 Examination of subculture> Using a pancreatic cancer (1) PDX tumor (obtained from National Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences), a cell mass derived from a fresh tumor was obtained according to Example 1, and a cell mass derived from a frozen tumor was obtained according to Example 10, respectively. Collect each cell mass in a 50 mL tube, centrifuge at 300 xg for 5 min, remove the supernatant, suspend in TrypLE (Thermo Fisher Scientific), and treat the cell mass in a 37 ° C warm bath. did. The reaction was weakened by adding 10 times the amount of HBSS (Thermo Fisher Scientific), and the undispersed residue was removed through a 100 ⁇ m cell strainer.
- PDX tumor obtained from National Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- the tube and cell strainer were washed with an appropriate amount of HBSS, and the cells were collected and centrifuged at 300 ⁇ g for 5 min. After removing the supernatant, HBSS was added to the cell pellet and resuspended, followed by centrifugation at 300 ⁇ g for 5 min. Then, the cell pellet was resuspended with an appropriate amount of HBSS, and the number of cells was counted. After confirming that it was a single cell, it was used for the following experiments.
- the present invention using human tumor tissue as a starting material, while suppressing the growth of cells other than cancer cells such as fibroblasts, it has a high proliferation ability of a cell mass mainly composed of primary cancer cells, and It has become possible to provide a method for producing a cell mass by a three-dimensional culture method of primary cancer cells, which has easy handling, versatility and high throughput. Therefore, it becomes possible to produce a cell mass in a tissue in a simple and inexpensive manner, which can contribute to drug screening, drug efficacy evaluation, drug safety evaluation, regenerative medicine, and the like.
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Abstract
Description
[1] 腫瘍組織を用いた初代がん細胞の3次元培養法による細胞塊の作製方法であって、
実質的に低接着性の細胞培養基材上に、5v/v%以下の細胞外マトリックスを含む培地中で、腫瘍組織から得られた細胞を培養する3次元培養工程を含む、方法。
[2] 腫瘍組織が異種移植腫瘍である、[1]に記載の方法。
[3] [1]または[2]に記載の細胞塊の作製方法により作製された、腫瘍組織から得られた初代がん細胞の細胞塊。
[4] [1]または[2]に記載の細胞塊の作製方法により初代がん細胞の細胞塊を作製する工程と、
該細胞塊に対して被験物質を投与する工程と、
該被験物質による該細胞塊への作用を評価する工程と、を含む、
細胞塊に作用を及ぼす物質のスクリーニング方法。
[5] [1]または[2]に記載の細胞塊の作製方法により初代がん細胞の細胞塊を作製する工程と、
該細胞塊に対して被験物質を投与する工程と、
該被験物質による該細胞塊への効果を評価する工程と、を含む、
該細胞塊に対する物質の効果の判定方法。
[6] 腫瘍組織を用いた初代がん細胞の3次元培養法による細胞塊を作製するためのキットであって、
実質的に低接着性の細胞培養基材と、
5v/v%以下の細胞外マトリックスを含む3次元培養工程用の培地とを、備えるキット。
一般的には、浮遊状態で該初代がん細胞が3次元培養される際には、特殊な手法を使用しないと、細胞塊を形成しにくいと考えられていた。また、細胞外マトリックスを含む培地を使用する場合には、ゲル状の培地中で固定状態で培養されることにより高い増殖能を有する細胞塊が得られると考えられていた。しかし、後述する実施例に記載するように、実質的に低接着性の細胞培養基材上で、ゾル状の細胞外マトリックスを含む培地で、初代がん細胞を浮遊状態で培養することで、線維芽細胞等のがん細胞以外の細胞の増殖を抑制しつつ、該初代がん細胞を高い増殖能を有して3次元培養できたことは意外な効果であった。
これにより、各種試験に使用可能ながん細胞の高い増殖能を有しつつ、且つ、特には浮遊状態で培養されることから、取扱い容易性や汎用性やハイスループット性を兼ね備えた腫瘍組織を用いた初代がん細胞の3次元培養法による細胞塊の作製ができる。浮遊状態とは、細胞培養基材に接着していたり、ゲル状の培養液中で動かない状態であったりするものではなく、例えば、ピペッティング等の操作で容易に動く状態であることを言う。本発明の方法で作製される細胞塊のサイズは特に制限されないが、例えば、平均直径100μm以上であり、好ましくは平均直径100μm~300μmである。
本発明によれば、PDX腫瘍でも、各種試験に使用可能ながん細胞の高い増殖能を有しつつ、且つ、取扱い容易性や汎用性やハイスループット性を兼ね備えた初代がん細胞の3次元培養法による細胞塊の作製ができるので、特にPDX腫瘍を対象とすることが好ましい。PDX腫瘍は、患者由来の腫瘍を用いた臨床予測性が高い抗がん剤の開発が可能となり、治療効果の判定にも広く使用できることから、PDX腫瘍を対象とできることは特に好ましい。
また、本発明で使用可能な腫瘍組織としては、外科的に摘出して組織保存液(生理食塩水、HBSS等)に浸漬した新鮮腫瘍でも、新鮮腫瘍を凍結保存液(CELLBANKER 1等)に浸漬して細胞を生かしたまま凍結した凍結腫瘍でも使用することができる。保存方法は、当業者であれば、公知の方法から適宜選択して使用することができる。
前記がん細胞を含む組織片から細胞を分取する方法としては、例えば、生体から摘出した腫瘍組織片を必要に応じて酵素処理、密度勾配遠心分離処理、フィルター処理、磁気ビーズ、フローサイトメータ一等の処理により分離精製することが挙げられる。酵素処理は、処理方法が簡便で、容易にシングルセルに分散されたがん細胞を得ることができるので好ましい。なお、これらの細胞群は、同じ組織に由来し、分化段階の異なる細胞の集合体であってもよい。
浮遊状態で培養可能なことにより、取扱いが容易となり、各種試験に使用し易くなり、また、機械的な操作が可能となるためハイスループットな試験にも使用し易くなるので好ましい。
本発明で使用可能な細胞外マトリックスの濃度としては、腫瘍組織から得られた初代がん細胞が、浮遊状態で3次元培養される濃度であれば良く、5v/v%以下が挙げられ、2.5v/v%以下でもよく、下限は特に制限されないが、好ましくは0.1v/v%以上、更に好ましくは0.2v/v%以上、特に好ましくは0.5v/v%以上が挙げられるが、該初代がん細胞の種類等により、当業者であれば、適宜、設定することができる。
常法に従って免疫不全マウス[スーパーSCIDマウス(系統名:C3H/HeJ/NOs-scid; LPS-nonresponder)]の皮下で増大させたヒトがん患者由来のPatient-Derived Xenograft(以下、「PDX」という)腫瘍を安全キャビネット内で無菌的に摘出し、腫瘍の壊死領域を外科用ハサミで取り除いた。腫瘍を速やかに日本薬局方生理食塩液に浸し、氷上にて保存した。次に、腫瘍から日本薬局方生理食塩液を取り除き、検体処理液(がんオルガノイド培養キット付属品、ORGANOGENIX社)で腫瘍を3回繰り返して洗浄した。
3次元培養のための準備工程として、以下のようにがん細胞の分散処理を行った。洗浄後の腫瘍を氷上の10cmシャーレに取り、外科用ハサミで約1mm角になるまで細切した後、これを50mLチューブに回収した。チューブ内に分散溶液(がんオルガノイド培養キット付属品、ORGANOGENIX社)を添加し、ウォーターバスで振とうさせながら37℃、60min、腫瘍片を酵素処理した。反応液の2倍量の検体処理液を加えて反応を弱め、100μmのセルストレーナーを通し、未分散の残渣を除去した。適量の検体処理液でチューブおよびセルストレーナーを洗い込み、細胞を回収して300×g、5min遠心分離した。上清を除去した後、細胞ペレットに検体処理液を加えて再懸濁し、300×g、5min遠心分離した。その後、細胞ペレットに適量の検体処理液で再懸濁し、細胞数のカウントを行った。シングルセルになっていることを確認し、以下の実験に使用した。
まず初めに、初代がん細胞の3次元培養が可能と記載されている、がんオルガノイド培養キット(ORGANOGENIX社)を使用して、PDX腫瘍を用いた3次元培養が可能か検討した。がんオルガノイド培養キットは、がん細胞の細胞塊を形成するために低接着プレートに凹凸の足場構造を持たせたプレートと、1体積%以上の血清を含む培地で培養する方法である。
実施例1に従って、膵がん(1)PDX腫瘍(医薬基盤研より入手)を用いて初代がん細胞を調製した。分散処理後にカウントした細胞を15mLチューブに必要量分取し、300×g、5min遠心分離して上清を除去した後、NanoCulture Medium P type(がんオルガノイド培養キット付属品、ORGANOGENIX社)で、細胞数が1×105cells/mLとなるように細胞懸濁液を調製した。3次元培養プレートであるNanoCulture Plate(がんオルガノイド培養キット付属品、ORGANOGENIX社)にNanoCulture Medium P typeを150μL添加し、700×g、5min遠心分離した後、37℃、10min静置してプレウェッティングした。プレートに細胞懸濁液を100μL添加し、37℃、5%CO2に設定したCO2インキュベーター内で静置培養を開始した。播種細胞数は1×104cells/250μL/wellであり、播種日をDay 0とした。培地交換は半量での実施とし、適宜行った。その結果、明瞭な細胞塊は形成されず、紡錘形状の線維芽細胞のプレート底面への接着が認められたことから、膵がん(1)PDX腫瘍に対してORGANOGENIX社のがんオルガノイド培養キットをそのまま適用することは困難であることが判明した。
上記と同様に、カウントした細胞を15mLチューブに必要量分取し、300×g、5min遠心して上清を除去した後、StemPro hESC SFM(サーモフィッシャーサイエンティフィック社)に終濃度が2v/v%となるようにCorningマトリゲルGFR(コーニング社)を添加した培地を用いて、細胞数が5×104cells/mLとなるように細胞懸濁液を調製した。その200μLを一般的な低接着プレートの3次元培養プレートであるPrimeSurface(住友ベークライト社)、Corning ULA Round-bottom(コーニング社)、Corning ULA Flat-bottom(コーニング社)、Elplasia(クラレ社)、または、一般的な接着性の平面(2次元)培養プレートである96ウェルマイクロプレート(コーニング社)に播種し、37℃、5%CO2に設定したCO2インキュベーター内で静置培養を開始した。同様に、NanoCulture Plateへは、1×105cells/mLとなるように細胞懸濁液を調製し、150μLの培地でプレウェッティングしたプレートに細胞懸濁液を100μL添加して播種し、37℃、5%CO2に設定したCO2インキュベーター内で静置培養を開始した。播種細胞数は1×104cells/200μL/well(NanoCulture Plate以外)または1×104cells/250μL/well(NanoCulture Plate)であり、播種日をDay 0とした。培地交換は半量での実施とし、適宜行った。
結果を図1に示す。位相差顕微鏡で形態を確認し、その形態から細胞塊であるか否か、また、紡錘形状の細胞がプレート底面に認められた場合、線維芽細胞の接着ありと判断した。その結果、一般的な低接着性プレートの3次元培養プレートであるPrimeSurface、Corning ULA Round-bottom、Corning ULA Flat-bottom、Elplasiaでは、いずれにおいても、線維芽細胞のプレート底面への接着は認められず、100μm以上の大きさの初代がん細胞の細胞塊が形成できることが認められた。一方、一般的な接着性の平面培養プレートである96ウェルマイクロプレートや低接着性プレートに細胞塊の形成の足場となる凹凸構造を有するNanoCulture Plateでは、細胞塊の形成は認められたが、線維芽細胞のプレート底面への接着が認められた。以上の結果により、低接着性の培養プレートとゾル状の細胞外マトリックスを含む培地で培養することで、浮遊培養であっても、線維芽細胞などのがん細胞以外の細胞の進展増殖が無く、十分な大きさの初代がん細胞の細胞塊を形成できることが示された。
実施例1に従って、膵がん(1)PDX腫瘍(医薬基盤研より入手)を用いて初代がん細胞を調製した。分散処理後にカウントした細胞を15mLチューブに必要量分取し、300×g、5min遠心分離して上清を除去した後、StemPro hESC SFM(サーモフィッシャーサイエンティフィック社)に終濃度が0、0.5、1、2、5、10、20または50v/v%となるようにCorningマトリゲルGFR(コーニング社)を添加した培地を用いて、細胞数が5×104cells/mLとなるように細胞懸濁液を調製した。その200μLをPrimeSurface(住友ベークライト社)に播種し、37℃、5%CO2に設定したCO2インキュベーター内で静置培養を開始した。播種細胞数は1×104cells/200μL/wellであり、播種日をDay 0とした。培地交換は実施せず、Day 14に半量培地交換の実施可能性を評価した。結果を図2に示す。位相差顕微鏡で形態を確認し、CorningマトリゲルGFR濃度が0.5v/v%以上5v/v%以下において、浮遊状態であっても、線維芽細胞などのがん細胞以外の細胞の進展増殖が無く、十分な大きさの細胞塊の形成が認められた。また、ピペッティングでウェル内の半量の培地を吸い取る際に、十分にゾル状態で無く細胞または細胞塊も共に吸い取ってしまう場合は半量培地交換不可とした。半量培地交換は2v/v%以下の場合に実施可能であり、細胞塊の取り扱いが容易で、各種試験に使用し易いことがわかった。
実施例1に従って、膵がん(1)PDX腫瘍(医薬基盤研より入手)を用いて初代がん細胞を調製した。分散処理後にカウントした細胞を15mLチューブに必要量分取し、300×g、5min遠心分離して上清を除去した後、StemPro hESC SFM(サーモフィッシャーサイエンティフィック社)に終濃度が0、0.5、1、2、5、10または20v/v%となるようにCorningマトリゲル(コーニング社)、Cultrex BME(TREVIGEN社)、Cultrex RGF BME(TREVIGEN社)またはCellmatrix Type I-A(新田ゼラチン社)を添加した培地を用いて、細胞数が5×104cells/mLとなるように細胞懸濁液を調製した。その200μLをPrimeSurface(住友ベークライト社)に播種し、37℃、5%CO2に設定したCO2インキュベーター内で静置培養を開始した。播種細胞数は1×104cells/200μL/wellであり、播種日をDay 0とした。培地交換は実施せず、Day 14に半量培地交換の実施可能性を評価した。結果を図3に示す。位相差顕微鏡または肉眼で形態を確認し、Corningマトリゲル、Cultrex BME、Cultrex RGF BMEまたはCellmatrix Type I-Aのいずれの細胞外マトリックスにおいても、濃度が0.5v/v%以上5v/v%以下において、浮遊状態であっても、線維芽細胞などのがん細胞以外の細胞の進展増殖が無く、十分な大きさの細胞塊の形成が認められた。また、ピペッティングでウェル内の半量の培地を吸い取る際に、十分にゾル状態で無く細胞または細胞塊も共に吸い取ってしまう場合は半量培地交換不可とした。半量培地交換は細胞外マトリックスの種類によって異なり、2~5v/v%以下の場合に実施可能であることがわかった。
実施例1に従って、膵がん(1)PDX腫瘍(医薬基盤研より入手)を用いて初代がん細胞を調製した。分散処理後にカウントした細胞を15mLチューブに必要量分取し、300×g、5min遠心分離して上清を除去した後、基礎培地としてStemPro hESC SFM(サーモフィッシャーサイエンティフィック社)またはStemFit AK02N(タカラバイオ社)に終濃度が2v/v%となるようにCorningマトリゲルGFR(コーニング社)を添加した培地を用いて、細胞数が5×104cells/mLとなるように細胞懸濁液を調製した。その200μLをPrimeSurface(住友ベークライト社)に播種し、37℃、5%CO2に設定したCO2インキュベーター内で静置培養を開始した。播種細胞数は1×104cells/200μL/wellであり、播種日をDay 0とした。培地交換は半量での実施とし、適宜行った。結果を図4に示す。位相差顕微鏡で形態を確認し、StemPro hESC SFMまたはStemFit AK02Nのどちらの基礎培地においても、浮遊状態であっても、線維芽細胞などのがん細胞以外の細胞の進展増殖が無く、十分な大きさの細胞塊の形成が認められた。
実施例1に従って、各種PDX腫瘍(医薬基盤研より入手)を用いて初代がん細胞を調製した。各種PDX腫瘍としては、膵がん(1)、膵がん(2)、肺扁平上皮がん(1)、肺扁平上皮がん(2)、肺扁平上皮がん(3)、胃がん(1)および大腸がん(1)を用いた。分散処理後にカウントした細胞を15mLチューブに必要量分取し、300×g、5min遠心分離して上清を除去した後、StemPro hESC SFM(サーモフィッシャーサイエンティフィック社)に終濃度が2v/v%となるようにCorningマトリゲルGFR(コーニング社)を添加した培地を用いて、細胞数が5×104cells/mLとなるように細胞懸濁液を調製した。その200μLをPrimeSurface(住友ベークライト社)に播種し、37℃、5%CO2に設定したCO2インキュベーター内で静置培養を開始した。播種細胞数は1×104cells/200μL/wellであり、播種日をDay 0とした。培地交換は半量での実施とし、適宜行った。結果を図5に示す。位相差顕微鏡で形態を確認し、いずれのがん種由来、もしくは、いずれの患者由来のPDX腫瘍においても、線維芽細胞などのがん細胞以外の細胞の進展増殖が無く、浮遊状態であっても、十分な大きさの細胞塊の形成が認められた。
実施例1に従って、膵がん(1)PDX腫瘍(医薬基盤研より入手)を用いて初代がん細胞を調製した。分散処理後にカウントした細胞を15mLチューブに必要量分取し、300×g、5min遠心分離して上清を除去した後、StemPro hESC SFM(サーモフィッシャーサイエンティフィック社)に終濃度が2v/v%となるようにCorningマトリゲルGFR(コーニング社)を添加した培地を用いて、細胞数が5×104cells/mLとなるように細胞懸濁液を調製した。その200μLをPrimeSurface(住友ベークライト社)に播種し、37℃、5%CO2に設定したCO2インキュベーター内で静置培養を開始した。播種細胞数は1×104cells/200μL/wellであり、播種日をDay 0とした。培地交換は半量での実施とし、適宜行った。Day 14に細胞塊を1.5mLチューブに回収し、iPGell(ジェノスタッフ社)を用いてゼリー状に固め、10%中性緩衝ホルマリン液で一晩固定処理した。常法に従って、ホルマリン固定後の細胞塊を用いてパラフィン包埋標本を作製し、HE染色および抗ヒトHLA免疫組織化学染色を行った。比較対照として、膵がん(1)PDX腫瘍のホルマリン固定パラフィン包埋標本を作製し、同様にHE染色および抗ヒトHLA免疫組織化学染色を行った。結果を図6に示す。染色結果から、膵がん(1)PDX腫瘍から作製した細胞塊はヒトがん細胞で構成されていることを確認した。また、膵がん(1)PDX腫瘍と、それから作製した細胞塊は、同様な構造を有していることを確認した。
実施例1に従って、膵がん(1)PDX腫瘍(医薬基盤研より入手)を用いて初代がん細胞を調製した。分散処理後にカウントした細胞を15mLチューブに必要量分取し、300×g、5min遠心分離して上清を除去した後、StemPro hESC SFM(サーモフィッシャーサイエンティフィック社)に終濃度が2v/v%となるようにCorningマトリゲルGFR(コーニング社)を添加した培地を用いて、細胞数が5×104cells/mLとなるように細胞懸濁液を調製した。その200μLをPrimeSurface(住友ベークライト社)にN=4(同条件を4カ所ずつ)で播種し、37℃、5%CO2に設定したCO2インキュベーター内で静置培養を開始した。播種細胞数は1×104cells/200μL/wellであり、播種日をDay 0とした。培地交換は半量での実施とし、Day 1、7、10および12に行った。Day 1、3、7、10および14においてCellTiter-Glo 3D Cell Viability Assay(プロメガ社)を用いたATPアッセイを行い、Day 1の結果に対する各測定日の結果の比を算出し、増殖曲線を作成した。結果を図7に示す。膵がん(1)PDX腫瘍から作製した細胞塊の生細胞数は時間依存的に増加し、Day 1と比べてDay 7では約4倍、Day 14では7倍以上に直線的に増加した。このことから、高い増殖能を有することが示された。
実施例1に従って、膵がん(1)PDX腫瘍(医薬基盤研より入手)を用いて初代がん細胞を調製した。In vivo抗がん剤感受性試験は、公知の方法を参照し、以下の手順で実施した。免疫不全マウス[スーパーSCIDマウス(系統名:C3H/HeJ/NOs-scid; LPS-nonresponder)]の皮下で増大させた膵がん(1)PDX腫瘍を安全キャビネット内で無菌的に摘出し、腫瘍の壊死領域を外科用ハサミで取り除いた。その後、約2~3mm角の移植腫瘍片を作製し、12匹以上の免疫不全マウスに皮下移植した。平均腫瘍体積が約200mm3に達した時点で、腫瘍体積による群分けを行い、コントロール群およびゲムシタビン投与群に割り付けた(N=6:同条件を6匹ずつ)。ゲムシタビン(60mg/kg/time)を週2回の頻度で4週間投与した。週2回の頻度で腫瘍径を測定し、腫瘍体積を求め、腫瘍増殖曲線を作成した。結果を図8左図に示す。
ゲムシタビンはin vivoおよびin vitroのどちらの感受性試験においても膵がん(1)PDX腫瘍の増殖を抑制した。
実施例1に従って、膵がん(1)PDX腫瘍(医薬基盤研より入手)を摘出した。腫瘍をCELLBANKER 1(タカラバイオ社)に浸漬してプログラムディープフリーザー(ネッパジーン社)で凍結し、凍結腫瘍を調製した。凍結腫瘍を37℃の温浴で融解し、HBSS(サーモフィッシャーサイエンティフィック社)で洗浄後、実施例1に従って、初代がん細胞を調製した。分散処理後にカウントした細胞を15mLチューブに必要量分取し、300×g、5min遠心分離して上清を除去した後、StemPro hESC SFM(サーモフィッシャーサイエンティフィック社)に終濃度が2v/v%となるようにCorningマトリゲルGFR(コーニング社)を添加した培地を用いて、細胞数が5×104cells/mLとなるように細胞懸濁液を調製した。その200μLをPrimeSurface(住友ベークライト社)にN=4(同条件を4カ所ずつ)で播種し、37℃、5%CO2に設定したCO2インキュベーター内で静置培養を開始した。播種細胞数は1×104cells/200μL/wellであり、播種日をDay 0とした。Day 3にゲムシタビンの終濃度が0、0.001、0.01、0.1、1または10μmol/Lとなるようにゲムシタビンを添加した培地を50μLずつ添加した(250μL/well)。Day 0、3および7においてCellTiter-Glo 3D Cell Viability Assay(プロメガ社)を用いたATPアッセイを行い、Day 0の結果に対する各測定日の結果の比を算出し、増殖曲線を作成した。ゲムシタビン濃度が0μmol/Lの結果を細胞生存率100%とした場合の各ゲムシタビン濃度群の結果の比を算出し、細胞生存率曲線を作成した。これらの結果を図9に示す。
一度凍結させた膵がん(1)PDX腫瘍から作製した細胞塊の生細胞数は時間依存的に増加し、Day 0と比べてDay 7では約4倍に増加した。一度凍結させた腫瘍組織を用いても、実施例9と同様に、ゲムシタビンは膵がん(1)PDX腫瘍を由来とする細胞塊の増殖を抑制した。
膵がん(1)PDX腫瘍(医薬基盤研より入手)を用いて、実施例1に従って新鮮腫瘍由来の細胞塊を、実施例10に従って凍結腫瘍由来の細胞塊をそれぞれ得た。細胞塊を50mLチューブにそれぞれ回収し、300×g、5min遠心分離して上清を除去した後、TrypLE(サーモフィッシャーサイエンティフィック社)に懸濁して、37℃の温浴で細胞塊を酵素処理した。反応液の10倍量のHBSS(サーモフィッシャーサイエンティフィック社)を加えて反応を弱め、100μmのセルストレーナーを通し、未分散の残渣を除去した。適量のHBSSでチューブおよびセルストレーナーを洗い込み、細胞を回収して300×g、5min遠心分離した。上清を除去した後、細胞ペレットにHBSSを加えて再懸濁し、300×g、5min遠心分離した。その後、細胞ペレットに適量のHBSSで再懸濁し、細胞数のカウントを行った。シングルセルになっていることを確認し、以下の実験に使用した。
細胞を15mLチューブに必要量分取し、300×g、5min遠心分離して上清を除去した後、StemPro hESC SFM(サーモフィッシャーサイエンティフィック社)に終濃度が2v/v%となるようにCorningマトリゲルGFR(コーニング社)を添加した培地を用いて、細胞数が5×104cells/mL(新鮮腫瘍由来)または2×104cells/mL(凍結腫瘍由来)となるように細胞懸濁液を調製した。その200μLをPrimeSurface(住友ベークライト社)にN=4(同条件を4カ所ずつ)で播種し、37℃、5%CO2に設定したCO2インキュベーター内で静置培養を開始した。播種細胞数は1×104cells/200μL/well(新鮮腫瘍由来)または4×103cells/200μL/well(凍結腫瘍由来)であり、播種日をDay 0とした。Day 3にゲムシタビンの終濃度が0、0.001、0.01、0.1、1または10μmol/Lとなるようにゲムシタビンを添加した培地を50μLずつ添加した(250μL/well)。Day 0、3および7においてCellTiter-Glo 3D Cell Viability Assay(プロメガ社)を用いたATPアッセイを行い、Day 0の結果に対する各測定日の結果の比を算出し、増殖曲線を作成した。ゲムシタビン濃度が0μmol/Lの結果を細胞生存率100%とした場合の各ゲムシタビン濃度群の結果の比を算出し、細胞生存率曲線を作成した。これらの結果を図10に示す。
膵がん(1)PDX腫瘍を由来とする細胞塊の細胞から再作製された細胞塊(継代培養ともいう)は、新鮮腫瘍由来か凍結腫瘍由来かを問わずに、生細胞数は時間依存的に増加し、Day 0と比べてDay 7では約2倍に増加した。実施例9および実施例10と同様に、ゲムシタビンは膵がん(1)PDX腫瘍を由来とする再作製された細胞塊の増殖を抑制した。
Claims (6)
- 腫瘍組織を用いた初代がん細胞の3次元培養法による細胞塊の作製方法であって、
実質的に低接着性の細胞培養基材上に、5v/v%以下の細胞外マトリックスを含む培地中で、該腫瘍組織から得られた細胞を培養する3次元培養工程を含む、方法。 - 腫瘍組織が異種移植腫瘍である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 請求項1または2に記載の細胞塊の作製方法により作製された、腫瘍組織から得られた初代がん細胞の細胞塊。
- 請求項1または2に記載の細胞塊の作製方法により初代がん細胞の細胞塊を作製する工程と、
該細胞塊に対して被験物質を投与する工程と、
該被験物質による該細胞塊への作用を評価する工程と、を含む、
細胞塊に作用を及ぼす物質のスクリーニング方法。 - 請求項1または2に記載の細胞塊の作製方法により初代がん細胞の細胞塊を作製する工程と、
該細胞塊に対して被験物質を投与する工程と、
該被験物質による該細胞塊への効果を評価する工程と、を含む、
該細胞塊に対する物質の効果の判定方法。 - 腫瘍組織を用いた初代がん細胞の3次元培養法による細胞塊を作製するためのキットであって、
実質的に低接着性の細胞培養基材と、
5v/v%以下の細胞外マトリックスを含む3次元培養工程用の培地とを、備えるキット。
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| US16/494,273 US11549100B2 (en) | 2017-03-16 | 2018-03-15 | Three-dimensional culture of primary cancer cells using tumor tissue |
| EP18767585.5A EP3597733B1 (en) | 2017-03-16 | 2018-03-15 | Three-dimensional culture of primary cancer cells using tumor tissue |
| CN201880018522.0A CN110475860B (zh) | 2017-03-16 | 2018-03-15 | 使用肿瘤组织的原代癌细胞的三维培养 |
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| JP2020141617A (ja) * | 2019-03-07 | 2020-09-10 | 住友ゴム工業株式会社 | がん細胞の培養方法 |
| WO2022039219A1 (ja) * | 2020-08-21 | 2022-02-24 | 凸版印刷株式会社 | 患者由来癌細胞培養用コンディションドメディウムの製造方法 |
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| WO2022039219A1 (ja) * | 2020-08-21 | 2022-02-24 | 凸版印刷株式会社 | 患者由来癌細胞培養用コンディションドメディウムの製造方法 |
| JPWO2022039219A1 (ja) * | 2020-08-21 | 2022-02-24 |
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| EP3597733B1 (en) | 2025-11-19 |
| EP3597733A1 (en) | 2020-01-22 |
| EP3597733A4 (en) | 2020-12-23 |
| JPWO2018169007A1 (ja) | 2020-02-13 |
| CN110475860B (zh) | 2024-05-14 |
| US20200071676A1 (en) | 2020-03-05 |
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