WO2018151189A1 - 化合物半導体積層基板及びその製造方法、並びに半導体素子 - Google Patents
化合物半導体積層基板及びその製造方法、並びに半導体素子 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2018151189A1 WO2018151189A1 PCT/JP2018/005169 JP2018005169W WO2018151189A1 WO 2018151189 A1 WO2018151189 A1 WO 2018151189A1 JP 2018005169 W JP2018005169 W JP 2018005169W WO 2018151189 A1 WO2018151189 A1 WO 2018151189A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- compound semiconductor
- wafer
- substrate
- substrates
- crystal
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/04—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
- H01L21/18—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising elements of Group IV of the Periodic Table or AIIIBV compounds with or without impurities, e.g. doping materials
- H01L21/185—Joining of semiconductor bodies for junction formation
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/04—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
- H01L21/18—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising elements of Group IV of the Periodic Table or AIIIBV compounds with or without impurities, e.g. doping materials
- H01L21/185—Joining of semiconductor bodies for junction formation
- H01L21/187—Joining of semiconductor bodies for junction formation by direct bonding
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02002—Preparing wafers
- H01L21/02005—Preparing bulk and homogeneous wafers
- H01L21/02008—Multistep processes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02002—Preparing wafers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02002—Preparing wafers
- H01L21/02005—Preparing bulk and homogeneous wafers
- H01L21/02008—Multistep processes
- H01L21/0201—Specific process step
- H01L21/02021—Edge treatment, chamfering
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02104—Forming layers
- H01L21/02365—Forming inorganic semiconducting materials on a substrate
- H01L21/02367—Substrates
- H01L21/0237—Materials
- H01L21/0242—Crystalline insulating materials
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02104—Forming layers
- H01L21/02365—Forming inorganic semiconducting materials on a substrate
- H01L21/02367—Substrates
- H01L21/02428—Structure
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02104—Forming layers
- H01L21/02365—Forming inorganic semiconducting materials on a substrate
- H01L21/02367—Substrates
- H01L21/02433—Crystal orientation
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02104—Forming layers
- H01L21/02365—Forming inorganic semiconducting materials on a substrate
- H01L21/02518—Deposited layers
- H01L21/02587—Structure
- H01L21/0259—Microstructure
- H01L21/02598—Microstructure monocrystalline
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10D—INORGANIC ELECTRIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES
- H10D62/00—Semiconductor bodies, or regions thereof, of devices having potential barriers
- H10D62/40—Crystalline structures
- H10D62/405—Orientations of crystalline planes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10D—INORGANIC ELECTRIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES
- H10D62/00—Semiconductor bodies, or regions thereof, of devices having potential barriers
- H10D62/80—Semiconductor bodies, or regions thereof, of devices having potential barriers characterised by the materials
- H10D62/83—Semiconductor bodies, or regions thereof, of devices having potential barriers characterised by the materials being Group IV materials, e.g. B-doped Si or undoped Ge
- H10D62/832—Semiconductor bodies, or regions thereof, of devices having potential barriers characterised by the materials being Group IV materials, e.g. B-doped Si or undoped Ge being Group IV materials comprising two or more elements, e.g. SiGe
- H10D62/8325—Silicon carbide
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10D—INORGANIC ELECTRIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES
- H10D62/00—Semiconductor bodies, or regions thereof, of devices having potential barriers
- H10D62/80—Semiconductor bodies, or regions thereof, of devices having potential barriers characterised by the materials
- H10D62/85—Semiconductor bodies, or regions thereof, of devices having potential barriers characterised by the materials being Group III-V materials, e.g. GaAs
- H10D62/8503—Nitride Group III-V materials, e.g. AlN or GaN
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a compound semiconductor multilayer substrate that can be preferably used for manufacturing a power semiconductor element, and particularly relates to a compound semiconductor multilayer substrate that facilitates optimization of surface treatment characteristics and process design in a semiconductor element manufacturing process, a manufacturing method thereof, and a semiconductor element. .
- Compound semiconductors such as silicon carbide and gallium nitride are commonly used for high-temperature, high-voltage, low-loss power semiconductor devices and ultrafast switching devices because of their physical, chemical, and electrical characteristics. It is attracting attention as a material for high-performance semiconductor devices that cannot be realized with silicon. Actually, the use of compound semiconductors as a substrate material for switching power supplies and switching elements for driving motors such as trains and automobiles has led to the realization of significant energy saving characteristics and reductions in size and weight.
- the compound semiconductor crystal surface has polarity. That is, a single crystal compound semiconductor substrate composed of constituent elements A and B inevitably consists of A atoms (terminated) and has a polar plane (A polar plane, hereinafter referred to as A plane) in which the dangling bonds of the A atoms are exposed. And a polar face (B-polar face, hereinafter also referred to as B-face) composed of B atoms (terminated) and having unbonded hands of the B atoms exposed.
- a polar plane hereinafter referred to as A plane
- B-polar face hereinafter also referred to as B-face
- the polar face appears on the closest surface of the crystal lattice. That is, the close-packed surface of the cubic crystal is the ⁇ 111 ⁇ plane, but in silicon, any ⁇ 111 ⁇ plane is the Si polar plane and equivalent, whereas in the cubic compound semiconductor crystal, the (111) plane is the cation.
- the surface from which the atoms are exposed and the (-1-1-1) surface on the opposite side are the surfaces from which the anion atoms are exposed.
- the (111) plane is the Si plane
- the (-1-1-1) plane, which is the opposite plane is the C plane.
- the close-packed surface of the hexagonal or rhombohedral compound semiconductor crystal is the ⁇ 0001 ⁇ plane, but the (0001) plane and the (000-1) plane are not equivalent, and the former is the plane where the cation atoms are exposed, and the latter Is the surface where the anion atoms are exposed.
- the (0001) plane is the Si plane and the (000-1) plane is the C plane.
- the (111) plane is the Ga plane in gallium arsenide (GaAs)
- the As plane is the (1-1-1) plane
- the (111) plane is the Ga plane in gallium phosphide (GaP)
- the (1-1) plane is the P plane
- the (0001) plane is the Ga plane and the (000-1) plane is the N plane.
- the main factor that makes it difficult to manufacture a semiconductor device using a compound single crystal substrate is that the physical, chemical, and electrical characteristics differ depending on the polar surface, and the device is optimized for a specific polar surface. In many cases, the characteristics on the other polar surface are impaired. This difference in the characteristics of the polar surface reflects (1) that the bond energy between the atom on the outermost surface and the atom below it varies depending on the polarity, and (2) the difference in ionization tendency for each surface. This is due to the fact that the potentials are also different.
- the junction characteristics between the semiconductor and the metal are different, and although one side shows rectification, the other side shows ohmic characteristics or shows different contact resistance. Cause problems.
- the oxidation rate differs depending on the polar surface, and when the thermal oxidation treatment is performed, there may be a large difference in the thickness of the oxide film between the front surface and the back surface of the substrate.
- the thermal oxidation rate of the C surface is three times the thermal oxidation rate of the Si surface, so when trying to obtain a thermal oxide film having a desired film thickness on the Si surface, A thermal oxide film that is three times as thick is formed. For this reason, an extra process, such as carrying out a separate oxidation treatment for each polar surface or etching one oxide film to a desired film thickness, is required.
- polishing conditions for smoothing the surface are different for each polar surface.
- CMP chemical mechanical polishing
- the polishing rate of the C surface and the Si surface varies depending on the pH of the slurry used in the CMP process.
- CMP under an alkaline condition in which a smooth surface can be obtained with respect to the Si surface the C surface is etched faster than the Si surface, so that a smooth surface cannot be obtained on the C surface.
- different CMP conditions must be applied to the Si surface and the C surface, and both surfaces cannot be polished simultaneously.
- a more serious problem is that the homoepitaxial growth conditions on the compound semiconductor substrate are also affected by the polar surface.
- the element uptake efficiency differs for each polar face. For example, assuming the epitaxial growth of a compound semiconductor crystal composed of the elements A and B under supply rate control, it is the supply amount of B atoms that controls the epitaxial growth rate on the A polarity surface, and the other B polarity surface. It is the supply amount of A atoms that controls the epitaxial growth rate.
- the epitaxial growth rate of the B polar face increases and the epitaxial growth rate of the A polar face decreases.
- the impurity uptake efficiency on each polar surface also changes. That is, the concentration of the impurity substituting the lattice position of the A atom decreases as the growth rate of the B-polar plane increases, and the concentration of the impurity substituting the lattice position of the B atom increases as the growth rate of the A-polar plane increases. Will drop.
- Patent Document 1 US Pat. No. 5,011,549
- Patent Document 1 there is a step flow epitaxy that propagates the stacking order in the lateral direction by slightly tilting the surface on which the crystal grows in a specific direction from the closest surface. Used.
- the optimum fine tilt angle differs for each polar surface, different fine tilt angles are required for the Si surface (A surface) and C surface (B surface) as shown in the cross-sectional view of FIG. Since the shape becomes wedge-shaped and the parallelism is impaired, there arises a problem that a photolithography process becomes difficult at the time of manufacturing a semiconductor element.
- Patent Document 2 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2012-151177
- two hexagonal silicon carbide substrates are prepared, and their (0001) Si faces are bonded to each other so that both sides are (000- 1)
- a structure and a manufacturing method of a silicon carbide substrate serving as a C-plane are disclosed.
- the front and back surfaces of the substrate can be the same C-plane and can be made a surface suitable for a semiconductor element.
- a semiconductor element is actually formed using this, a malfunction may occur.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and facilitates process design of a semiconductor element by setting the polar surfaces of the front and back surfaces of a compound semiconductor multilayer substrate to a single polarity (the same polarity as each other), and allows complicated substrate processing.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a compound semiconductor laminated substrate, a method for manufacturing the same, and a semiconductor element that can manufacture a low-cost, high-performance and stable semiconductor element.
- the present inventors first investigated the malfunction of the semiconductor element confirmed in the invention of Patent Document 2 described above.
- the mismatched interface crystal The surface where the lattice is discontinuous
- grain boundaries the surface where the two crystal lattices are inclined and partially connected
- the surface orientation of the front and back surfaces of a bonding substrate is (0001) Si plane or (000-1) C plane.
- Patent Document 2 does not limit the crystal orientation of the surfaces to be bonded, and does not consider the rotation of the crystal axis, which is the main cause of the occurrence of defects as described above.
- an inclined grain boundary is generated at the bonding interface (boundary indicated by a one-dot chain line) as shown in FIG. If the rotation is not eliminated (when crystal faces having a rotational relationship are bonded around the crystal axis), a twist grain boundary as shown in FIG. 9 is generated at the bonding interface (a region surrounded by a dotted line in the figure).
- Patent Document 2 states that the effect can be obtained by interposing a conductive film at the bonding interface.
- the work functions of the conductive film and silicon carbide are different, space charge regions are formed in silicon carbide near the conductive film. It has been found that this increases the resistance component and does not provide the desired low loss performance.
- the crystal lattice at the bonding interface (also referred to as a bonding interface) is aligned to form an antiphase region boundary surface (also referred to as an antiphase boundary surface or an anti-phase boundary (APB) surface, which will be described in detail later).
- an antiphase region boundary surface also referred to as an antiphase boundary surface or an anti-phase boundary (APB) surface
- APB anti-phase boundary
- the cross-sectional structure of the crystal lattice at the interface is one of FIG. 10, FIG. 11, and FIG.
- the APB surface is present in the shuffle set of the crystal lattice, and the APB surface is composed of an element different from the elements exposed on the front and back surfaces.
- FIG. 10 the APB surface is present in the shuffle set of the crystal lattice, and the APB surface is composed of an element different from the elements exposed on the front and back surfaces.
- the APB plane exists in the glide set of the crystal lattice, and the APB plane is composed of the same elements exposed on the front and back surfaces.
- the APB surface is composed of a single element, it is called a unipolar APB surface.
- the surface orientations of the two surfaces to be bonded are not exactly the same, and the surface roughness Ra (arithmetic mean roughness) of the surfaces is allowed to 5 nm.
- the structure is a joint interface in which APB of the type shown in FIG. 10 and APB of the type shown in FIG. 11 are mixed (that is, the antiphase region boundary surface is separated into a glide set and a shuffle set). ing).
- a bipolar APB surface as shown in FIG. 12 is formed.
- the bipolar APB surface behaves semi-metallicly, so that the leakage current increases in the power semiconductor element, and the low loss performance is impaired.
- the crystal lattice of the bonding surface is continuous (matching interface), and the APB surface formed is unipolar ( That is, it is necessary to be formed only by a bond between one specific element: one of the types shown in FIGS.
- crystal defects in the compound semiconductor crystal are a major obstacle.
- a compound semiconductor crystal contains a large number of defects, which affects the operation of the semiconductor element.
- dislocations that are line defects propagate along a specific crystal orientation in the crystal, thereby impairing the blocking characteristics of the semiconductor element.
- the dislocation trajectory remains as a stacking fault, which prevents the movement of carriers in the crystal or acts as a leak path.
- dislocations move due to external stress, electric field, and energy at the time of disappearance of carriers, making the long-term operating characteristics of the semiconductor element unstable.
- Patent Document 3 Japanese Patent No. 3576432
- an antiphase region is provided by providing undulations substantially parallel to a specific direction of a silicon substrate surface when epitaxially growing silicon carbide and orienting a specific polar face in a specific direction.
- a means to guide the elimination of interface and stacking faults is provided.
- the movement of dislocations due to external stress cannot be suppressed, and the stacking faults caused by the movement of movable dislocations cannot be completely eliminated. There were still challenges.
- Patent Document 4 International Publication No. 2012/0667105
- Patent Document 4 provides an inclusion region inside the crystal, and in this inclusion region, Means for blocking the propagation of dislocations are disclosed.
- dislocations and stacking fault density can be greatly reduced, but the process of forming the inclusion region in the crystal is complicated, and the inclusion region increases the electrical resistance, so that a high-efficiency semiconductor element can be produced at low cost. It was difficult to manufacture.
- Non-Patent Document 1 H. Nagasawa, R. Gurunathan, M. Suemitsu, Materials Science Forum Vols. 821-8232015 (2015) 108-114
- Patent Document 5 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2011-84435
- the means disclosed in Patent Document 3 is advanced, and a discrete undulation is provided on the surface of the substrate on which silicon carbide is grown to generate an antiphase region boundary surface. Discloses a means for preventing the stacking faults from expanding.
- the antiphase region boundary surface is a surface defect peculiar to a compound crystal, and this is a surface in which a lattice to be formed by bonding of different kinds of atoms is formed by bonding of atoms of the same kind of elements.
- the antiphase region boundary surface is formed by bonds between anions, the energy at the lower end of the conduction band is lowered.
- the antiphase region boundary surface is formed by bonds between cations, the energy at the upper end of the valence band is increased.
- the present inventors have intensively studied means for suppressing dislocation movement while unifying the polarities of the front and back surfaces of a single crystal compound semiconductor substrate.
- the polar face of a compound semiconductor single crystal also referred to as a compound semiconductor crystal
- the closest face appears as the closest face
- the face opposite to the specific polar face in the crystal is also a polar face, and the polarity is different.
- the compound semiconductor crystal is processed into a flat plate shape so that the closest surface is exposed on the front surface and the back surface, the front surface side and the back surface side of the flat plate have different polar surfaces. If one of the magnets has an N pole, it can be considered that the opposite side is necessarily the S pole.
- a compound semiconductor single crystal substrate containing A and B as constituent elements one main surface of which is composed of A atoms (element A atoms).
- Compound A of constant thickness with the A plane being a polar plane 1 cp1 with exposed dangling bonds, and the other main surface being a B plane with polar surfaces 1 cp2 having B dangling bonds exposed, with the other main surface exposed
- a semiconductor single crystal plate original plate 1 is assumed.
- the original plate 1 is cut horizontally with respect to the surface, the original plate 1 is separated into two compound semiconductor substrates, a substrate 1a and a substrate 1b (FIG. 1B).
- the back surface (cut surface) is a B surface.
- the back surface of the substrate 1b is a B surface, an A surface appears on the front surface side (cut surface).
- a new substrate compound semiconductor laminated substrate 10 having an interface 1ab where the A surfaces are bonded to each other is formed (FIG. 1 (c)).
- both the front surface and the back surface of the multilayer substrate 10 are B surfaces, and the polar surfaces exposed on the front and back surfaces of the multilayer substrate 10 are unified to a single polarity (the same polarity as each other). Is done.
- the interface 1ab included in the newly formed laminated substrate 10 is Since it is a matching interface (interface where crystal lattices are continuously connected) composed of bonds of atoms of the same kind (A atom-A atom or B atom-B atom), Unlike the laminated interface, it can be regarded as a unipolar antiphase region boundary surface (unipolar APB surface). In this case, as described in Non-Patent Document 1, the interface 1ab hinders the movement of dislocations.
- the dislocation density and the stacking fault density included in the multilayer substrate 10 can be reduced as in the invention disclosed in Patent Document 5.
- the long-term stability of the operating characteristics of the semiconductor element using the same can be improved.
- the antiphase region boundary surface is either an anion-anion bond or cation-cation bond, so that it does not behave like a semimetal and has a blocking property of a semiconductor element. Harmful damages are eliminated.
- the interface 1ab is not exposed on the surface, the interface 1ab is used to manufacture a MOSFET (metal-oxide field-effect transistor) or SBD (Schottky Barrier Diode) in which an active region is formed near the surface. Certain anti-phase domain boundaries have no effect.
- the present inventors have further studied based on the knowledge obtained as described above, and have reached the present invention.
- this invention provides the following compound semiconductor laminated substrate, its manufacturing method, and a semiconductor element.
- a compound semiconductor laminated substrate is a unipolar anti-phase region boundary surface composed of a bond between any one of the atoms of B or A and their crystal lattices being matched.
- One main surface is an A surface that is a polar surface composed of A atoms, and the other main surface is a B surface that is a polar surface composed of B atoms.
- Two single-crystal compound semiconductor substrates having the atomic arrangement are prepared, and the B surfaces or the A surfaces of the two compound semiconductor substrates are directly bonded together with the specific crystal planes of both substrates aligned.
- the two compound semiconductor substrates are laminated, the front and back surfaces of the laminated substrate are polar surfaces made of the same kind of atoms as A or B, and the laminated interface is made up of bonds of either one of B or A atoms.
- a method for producing a compound semiconductor multilayer substrate comprising: obtaining a compound semiconductor multilayer substrate having a unipolar antiphase region boundary surface in which crystal lattices are matched. [7] The compound according to [6], wherein each of the specific crystal planes is aligned by setting an orientation flat or a notch provided so that the specific crystal plane of the compound semiconductor substrate can be identified in a predetermined positional relationship between the two substrates. Manufacturing method of semiconductor laminated substrate.
- ion implantation is performed in advance on the surface to be bonded to the other compound semiconductor substrate, and after the bonding, the compound semiconductor substrate is peeled off in the ion implantation region to be compounded
- one compound semiconductor substrate is formed by previously forming a homoepitaxial growth layer of the same compound as the one compound semiconductor substrate on a surface to be bonded to the other compound semiconductor substrate.
- the compound semiconductor multilayer substrate of the present invention although it is a compound semiconductor crystal substrate, the front and back surfaces have the same polarity, so various physical and chemical properties (oxidation rate, Etching rate, polishing rate, etc.) are exactly the same, and wafer processing conditions (beveling, cleaning, grinding, polishing, etc.) for the front and back of the substrate are the same, so that the front and back can be processed simultaneously.
- the same surface can be obtained by the same processing on both the front and back surfaces.
- the compound semiconductor multilayer substrate of the present invention includes a single polarity antiphase region boundary surface as an essential component therein.
- the antiphase region boundary has a single polarity, it does not have a semi-metallic property, and the blocking property of the semiconductor element is maintained. Moreover, since the antiphase region boundary surface hinders the movement (propagation) of dislocations in the crystal, the dislocation density and stacking fault density are reduced, and the long-term stability of the semiconductor element is ensured.
- FIG. 2 shows a cross-sectional configuration of the compound semiconductor multilayer substrate according to the present invention.
- the compound semiconductor multilayer substrate 20 is a substrate in which two single crystal compound semiconductor substrates 2 a and 2 b having the same composition and the same atomic arrangement are directly bonded to each other and laminated.
- the front and back surfaces of the substrate 20 are composed of atoms of the same kind (any one) of a plurality of elements constituting the compound semiconductor substrates 2a and 2b, and are polar surfaces in which the dangling bonds of the atoms are exposed.
- the stacked interface is parallel to the front surface (front surface 20f and back surface 20r) of the stacked substrate 20, and includes bonds of atoms of any one of the same kind of elements among the plurality of elements constituting the compound semiconductor substrates 2a and 2b.
- This is characterized by a unipolar antiphase region boundary surface 2ab in which the crystal lattices of the two are matched.
- the compound semiconductor multilayer substrate 20 is a substrate in which two single crystal compound semiconductor substrates 2a and 2b having the same composition and the same atomic arrangement including A and B as constituent elements are directly bonded and stacked.
- the front and back surfaces of the multilayer substrate 20 are made of the same kind of atoms as A or B (either one) and the polar surface where the dangling bonds of the atoms are exposed, and the multilayer interface is the surface of the multilayer substrate 20 (surface 20f).
- unipolar anti-phase region boundary surface 2ab which is parallel to back surface 20r) and is composed of a bond of either one of B or A atoms and the crystal lattice of which is aligned.
- the front and back surfaces of the multilayer substrate 20 are composed of atoms of the same kind (either one) of A or B and that the dangling bonds of the atoms are exposed. In the crystal lattice of the semiconductor crystal, it is the closest packed surface (A surface) of A atoms, or both are the closest packed surface (B surface) of B atoms.
- both the front and back surfaces of the laminated substrate 20 have the same crystal plane with a plane index (Miller index).
- a plane index Miller index
- both the front and back surfaces are (0001) Si surfaces, or both are (000-1) C surfaces.
- the compound semiconductor multilayer substrate 20 is made of a compound semiconductor having a composition containing A and B as constituent elements, but is preferably made of a binary compound semiconductor of A and B, for example, silicon carbide, gallium nitride, gallium. It is preferably made of arsenic, gallium phosphide, indium phosphide, aluminum nitride or indium antimony, more preferably made of silicon carbide, gallium nitride, gallium arsenide or gallium phosphide, and particularly preferably made of silicon carbide.
- the compound semiconductor laminated substrate 20 is made of silicon carbide (SiC)
- the compound semiconductor laminated substrate 20 is a substrate on which compound semiconductor substrates 2a and 2b made of single crystal SiC having the same atomic arrangement are laminated, and the laminated
- Each of the front and back surfaces 20f and 20r of the substrate 20 is terminated with Si atoms (or C atoms) among Si and C constituting the compound semiconductor substrates 2a and 2b (that is, composed of Si atoms (or C atoms)).
- the laminated interface is parallel to the front surface (front surface 20f and back surface 20r) of the laminated substrate 20
- the atoms of the same kind of element ie, C atom or Si atom
- C—C bond or Si—Si bond are bonded to each other (C—C bond or Si—Si bond) and their crystal lattice is Combined and have unipolar antiphase boundaries of having a configuration which is (unipolar APB surface) 2ab.
- the unipolar APB surface 2ab is a junction interface in any one of FIGS.
- crystal lattices are matched means a state (lattice matching) in which the crystal lattice on the compound semiconductor substrate 2a side and the crystal lattice on the compound semiconductor substrate 2b side are continuously connected over the entire surface of the stacked interface. At this time, the crystal orientation on the substrate 2a side and the crystal orientation on the substrate 2b side are aligned. In this case, a state in which the crystal lattices are completely connected is most preferable, but a state in which the crystal lattices are not connected to some extent is also allowed.
- the degree to which the crystal lattices are not connected is the ratio of the number of atoms not bonded at the stacked interface per unit area, specifically, at the stacked interface per unit area (breakage of bonds).
- This ratio can be measured using electron spin resonance.
- the trap density at the interface is desirably 10 9 / cm 2 or less
- the tolerance angle or rotation angle of the laminated crystal lattice is desirably 50 arcsec or less, and further 20 arcsec or less. desirable.
- the crystal polymorphs of the single crystal compound semiconductors constituting the compound semiconductor substrates 2a and 2b are not particularly limited as long as they are the same, that is, if the arrangement of atoms in the crystal is the same in the same crystal system.
- SiC silicon carbide
- any of 4H—SiC, 6H—SiC, 3C—SiC, etc. may be used as long as the crystal polymorphism is the same.
- it is desirable that the surfaces of the substrates (2a, 2b) to be bonded are in exactly the same state. This is because if the surface states are different, a bipolar APB surface is generated as shown in FIG. For this reason, it is desirable that the substrates 2a and 2b are simultaneously surface-treated under the same conditions before the substrates are bonded.
- the thickness of the compound semiconductor multilayer substrate 20 is not particularly limited, but is preferably 100 to 800 ⁇ m, and more preferably 200 to 500 ⁇ m, for example.
- the compound semiconductor multilayer substrate 20 preferably has a uniform thickness (that is, the front surface 20f and the back surface 20r are parallel).
- the thickness of the laminated compound semiconductor substrates 2a and 2b is not particularly limited.
- the compound semiconductor substrates 2a and 2b do not have to have the same thickness, and preferably have a uniform thickness.
- one of the two compound semiconductor substrates 2a and 2b may be a compound semiconductor thin film.
- the thin film of the compound semiconductor may be a transfer film peeled off from the compound semiconductor substrate as the original plate by an ion implantation peeling method.
- the compound semiconductor thin film may be a film obtained by transferring an epitaxial growth film.
- the other substrate is a support substrate for the thin film.
- the thickness of the compound semiconductor substrates 2a and 2b is preferably selected, for example, in the range of 100 nm to 1000 ⁇ m, more preferably in the range of 200 nm to 650 ⁇ m.
- both the front and back surfaces are crystal planes having the same plane index, and thus various physical and chemical properties (oxidation rate, etching rate, polishing rate, etc.) of the front and back surfaces. Since the wafer processing conditions (beveling, cleaning, grinding, polishing, etc.) for the front and back surfaces of the substrate match, the front and back surfaces can be simultaneously processed. In particular, when manufacturing a wafer for a discrete semiconductor in which process processing is performed on the front and back surfaces of the wafer, the same property surface can be obtained by the same processing on both the front and back surfaces.
- the same process conditions can be simultaneously applied to the front and back surfaces of the compound semiconductor multilayer substrate as optimum process conditions, and cost reduction is promoted.
- a surface having a specific slight inclination with respect to the crystal plane is intentionally used as the substrate, but if the substrate according to the present invention is used, Since the front and back are crystal surfaces with the same properties, the optimum fine tilt angle is perfectly matched between the front and back, and the parallelism between the front and back is not impaired, and a wafer with high parallelism suitable for device manufacturing can be obtained. it can.
- a p-type layer serving as a collector layer of an IGBT is formed on the back side by epitaxial growth.
- IGBT Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor
- the laminated interface is the unipolar antiphase region boundary surface 2ab, it does not have a semi-metallic property and the blocking property of the semiconductor element is maintained.
- the antiphase region boundary surface 2ab prevents dislocation movement (propagation) in the crystal, the dislocation density and stacking fault density are reduced, and the long-term stability of the semiconductor element is ensured.
- the blocking characteristic of a semiconductor element is a characteristic that does not flow (or makes it difficult to flow) current between main electrodes even when a high potential difference is applied in a specific direction between the main electrodes of the semiconductor element. This effect is similarly exhibited in a polar compound semiconductor crystal such as silicon carbide, gallium nitride, gallium arsenide, gallium phosphide, indium phosphide, aluminum nitride, and indium antimony.
- Embodiment 1 of the method for producing a compound semiconductor multilayer substrate according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. First, two single-crystal compound semiconductor substrates 3a and 3b are prepared (FIG. 3A) in which the closest surfaces are oriented on the front and back surfaces of the substrate (the front and back surfaces of the substrate).
- the crystal system can be arbitrarily selected from a combination of triclinic, monoclinic, tetragonal, tetragonal, trigonal, cubic, hexagonal and rhombohedral if both are the same crystal system.
- the atomic arrangement in the substrates 3a and 3b must be the same.
- the substrates 3a and 3b are made of silicon carbide, the substrates 3a and 3b are both 4H—SiC, both 6H—SiC, or both 3C—SiC.
- the crystal system is cubic, the closest packed surface is the ⁇ 111 ⁇ plane, and when the crystal system is hexagonal or rhombohedral, the closest packed surface is the ⁇ 0001 ⁇ plane.
- the surfaces of the substrates 3a and 3b are composed of atoms of the same element and A polar surface with an unbonded hand of an atom exposed is formed, and a back surface is made of an atom of the same kind of element different from the surface and a polar surface with an unbonded hand of the atom exposed.
- the polar surface which is composed of atoms on the cation side and where the dangling bonds of the atoms are exposed, is the A plane, the surface which is composed of atoms on the anion side, and the dangling bonds of the atoms are exposed. Defined as side B.
- the method of specifying the A plane and the B plane in the compound semiconductor substrates 3a and 3b differs depending on the constituent elements, for example, in the case of silicon carbide, it is possible to compare thermal oxidation rates. That is, if the thermal oxidation rate of the A surface is higher than the thermal oxidation rate of the B surface, it can be specified that the A surface is a carbon surface and the B surface is a silicon surface.
- a highly ionic compound semiconductor gallium arsenide, gallium phosphide, indium phosphide, etc.
- the growth rate is relatively decreased, and conversely, when the growth rate is relatively increased, the cation surface is It can also be judged.
- the A plane and the B plane in the compound semiconductor substrates 3a and 3b can be specified, and the A plane and the B plane can be discriminated at locations that do not affect the performance of the laminated substrates 30 of the respective substrates 3a and 3b. Put a mark.
- a mark that can identify a crystal plane having a specific orientation (mirror index) on the bonding planned surfaces (A surface or B surface) of the substrates 3a and 3b is given to the substrates 3a and 3b, respectively.
- an orientation flat also referred to as orientation flat or OF
- a notch originally provided on the single crystal wafer may be used. That is, as shown in FIG. 4, orientation flats 3 of and notches 3 are previously formed on the substrates 3a and 3b so that specific crystal planes in the A plane and the B plane, which are the bonding surfaces of the substrates 3a and 3b, can be identified. Give it as n .
- a flat side extends along the (11-20) plane of the substrates 3a and 3b.
- (Or parallel) orientation flat 3 of and a notch at a position rotated 90 ° to the right with respect to the orientation flat 3 of the (000-1) C plane as the surface to be bonded (surface to be bonded). 3 n are provided (FIG. 4).
- an orientation flat 3of is provided along the (110) plane of the substrates 3a and 3b (the flat side is parallel to the crystal plane).
- a notch 3 n is provided at a position rotated 90 ° to the right with respect to the orientation flat 3 of the (111) Si surface as the surface to be bonded (FIG. 4).
- orientation flats having different lengths may be applied to the substrate so as to be parallel to different specific crystal planes.
- a long orientation flat (OF1) is provided in the [11-20] orientation of the crystal plane
- a short orientation flat (OF2) is provided in parallel to the [1-100] orientation of the crystal plane.
- the orientation flat OF1 is set to the position of the 6 o'clock direction of the watch for both of the two substrates
- the orientation flat OF2 is set to the position of the 3 o'clock direction of the watch for the other substrate.
- the orientation flat OF2 is provided at the 9 o'clock position of the watch.
- the orientation flat OF1 and the orientation flat OF2 are orthogonal to each other, so that it is easy to align the orientation flats OF1 and the orientation flats OF2 using an L-shaped jig. High-precision alignment is possible.
- the tolerance between the orientation flat 3 of FIG. 4 and the specific crystal orientation is preferably within 50 arcsec, and more preferably within 20 arcsec.
- the interface becomes a matching interface in which the crystal lattice is aligned at the bonded portion, and the target unipolar antiphase region boundary surface is formed, and the twist grain boundary And the generation of dislocation sources such as inclined grain boundaries and the like can be easily suppressed.
- the compound semiconductor substrates 3a and 3b are preferably made of silicon carbide, gallium nitride, gallium arsenide, gallium phosphide, indium phosphide, aluminum nitride or indium antimony, and are made of silicon carbide, gallium nitride, gallium arsenide or gallium phosphide. Is more preferable, and it is particularly preferable to be made of silicon carbide.
- the cation surface is the Si surface and the anion surface is the C surface
- the cation surface in the case of gallium nitride, the cation surface is the Ga surface
- the anion surface is the N surface
- gallium arsenide in the case of gallium arsenide, the cation surface is the cation surface.
- the surface is a Ga surface
- the anion surface is an As surface, and is made of gallium phosphorus
- the cation surface is a Ga surface
- the anion surface is a P surface
- the surface is made of gallium nitride
- the cation surface is the Ga surface and the anion surface is the N surface. It becomes.
- the orientation directions of the closest surfaces of the compound semiconductor substrates 3a and 3b are predetermined with respect to the normal line of the substrate. It is also possible to slightly tilt in the direction.
- the inclination angle at this time is an optimum value in a desired plane polarity, and the substrates 3a and 3b have the same inclination angle in the mirror symmetry direction. If the inclination angles of the front surface and the rear surface are equal, the parallelism of the surface of the compound semiconductor substrate In addition, the joint surface becomes a matching interface.
- the surface state of the substrates 3a and 3b it is desirable to perform a surface treatment for making the surface state of at least the bonding surfaces of the substrates 3a and 3b strictly equivalent. Specifically, if the surface treatment of the substrates 3a and 3b is simultaneously performed under the same processing conditions, the respective surface states are exactly equal, and the unipolar antiphase region boundary as shown in FIG. 10 or FIG. A surface is obtained, which is preferable. On the other hand, when non-equivalent surfaces are joined together, a bipolar APB surface as shown in FIG. 12 is formed, and the characteristics of the semiconductor element are impaired.
- the surface state is equivalent means a state in which the two substrate ends are all aligned with atoms of any one of the same elements constituting the compound semiconductor.
- the substrate 3a, 3b is paired and the surface treatment is performed simultaneously.
- the optimum surface treatment method depends on the material of the substrate. For example, in the case of a silicon carbide substrate, after cleaning with a mixed acid of hydrogen peroxide and sulfuric acid, the surface oxide film is removed by dilute hydrofluoric acid to clean the substrate. The method of obtaining the surface is mentioned. Further, if the surface is terminated with hydrogen by heating in a hydrogen atmosphere in order to define the structure of the unipolar APB surface, the controllability of the surface polarity is enhanced, and the APB surface at the shuffle set position as shown in FIG. As a result, it can be reliably obtained. Alternatively, if the temperature is raised to 1600 ° C.
- single-layer graphene is formed on the outermost surface, and the surfaces removed by oxidizing the graphene are joined together, a glide set as shown in FIG. It is also possible to obtain the APB surface at the position as the bonding interface.
- the A-plane (or B-plane) of the compound semiconductor substrate 3a and the A-plane (or B-plane) of the compound semiconductor substrate 3b are aligned with each other with the specific crystal planes of both substrates 3a and 3b (or Bonding is performed such that the B surfaces are in direct contact with each other (FIG. 3B).
- the specific crystal planes of the substrates 3a and 3b are aligned with each other by using the marks provided so that the specific crystal planes are identifiable (that is, stacked with the specific crystal orientations completely matched with each other). It is preferable that the continuity of the crystal lattice is maintained even when the interface is sandwiched.
- the specific crystal planes described above may be aligned by precisely matching n so that a predetermined positional relationship is established between both substrates (that is, the specific crystal orientation of the substrate 3a and the specific crystal orientation of the substrate 3b match). To do so).
- the atomic arrangements of the substrates 3a and 3b on the bonding surface are aligned, their crystal lattices are matched, and the antiphase region boundary surface 3ab is formed.
- the substrates 3a and 3b made of hexagonal crystals it is preferable to perform bonding so that the [1-100] orientation of the substrate 3a and the [-1100] orientation of the substrate 3b are matched.
- the cubic substrates 3a and 3b it is preferable to perform bonding so that the [110] orientation of the substrate 3a and the [-1-10] orientation of the substrate 3b are matched.
- the tolerance of the crystal orientations of the substrate 3a and the substrate 3b is preferably 50 arcsec or less, and more preferably 20 arcsec or less.
- the crystal lattice is matched at the bonding interface, and a unipolar antiphase region boundary surface is formed, so that the effects of the present invention are more remarkably exhibited.
- the occurrence of dislocations and stacking faults at the matching interface of the bonding surface (bonding surface) is suppressed, and the defect density in the compound semiconductor substrate can be reduced.
- two substrates having outer orientation marks (externally processed) corresponding to crystal orientations are prepared (externally processed), and each of the two substrates is specified by strictly aligning the two marks.
- the laminated interface is made a unipolar APB surface by superimposing and bonding predetermined crystal planes so that the crystal orientations are aligned. In this case, it is important to minimize the tolerance of the crystal orientation (deviation in the rotation direction of the plate surface) between the overlapping surfaces of the two bonded substrates.
- a plurality of marks such as orientation flats that are in a predetermined positional relationship with respect to the predetermined crystal orientation are provided on the substrate so that the predetermined crystal orientation can be specified.
- two marks, the first mark and the second mark may be provided, and these may have different shapes so that they can be distinguished from each other.
- an orientation flat it has different lengths so as to be visually identifiable.
- These marks are preferably provided so that the tolerance (deviation in the rotation direction of the plate surface) with respect to a predetermined crystal orientation is as small as possible on each substrate.
- first orientation flat and second orientation flat are used as the first and second marks on each of the two substrates, and the angle at which the extended lines of the flat sides intersect is 90 °.
- the two orientations are superimposed so that the positions of the first orientation flats and the second orientation flats are aligned with each other.
- the first orientation flats and the second orientation flats may be aligned and fixed using a letter-shaped quartz jig to perform bonding.
- the tolerance of the crystal orientation between the final substrates is only a component due to chance tolerance, and is within the target tolerance (for example, preferably 50 arcsec or less, more preferably It is possible to further improve the yield of the laminated substrate satisfying 20 arcsec or less.
- the laminated substrate after bonding is fixed to a triaxial goniometer and the orientation orientations of the crystal planes on the front and back of the laminated substrate are measured with a Laue camera or X-ray diffraction peak position, the difference between the two results in the bonding.
- a tolerance can be obtained, and a laminated substrate satisfying a target tolerance (for example, preferably 50 arcsec or less, more preferably 20 arcsec or less) can be determined from the tolerance measurement result.
- any method can be selected from means that enable atoms of the same kind of elements to be bonded continuously.
- the surface activation treatment is performed on one or both of the two compound semiconductor substrates 3a and 3b in advance, and then both are bonded together.
- plasma activation treatment, vacuum ion beam treatment, or immersion treatment in ozone water may be performed.
- the compound semiconductor substrates 3a and 3b are placed in a vacuum chamber, a plasma gas is introduced under reduced pressure, and then exposed to high-frequency plasma of about 100 W for about 5 to 10 seconds.
- Plasma activation treatment of the surface oxygen gas, hydrogen gas, nitrogen gas, argon gas, a mixed gas thereof, or a mixed gas of hydrogen gas and helium gas can be used.
- the compound semiconductor substrates 3a and 3b are placed in a high vacuum chamber, and an activation process is performed by irradiating the surface to be bonded with an ion beam of Ar or the like.
- the compound semiconductor substrates 3a and 3b are immersed in ozone water in which ozone gas is dissolved, and the surface thereof is activated.
- the above-described surface activation treatment is preferably performed under the same treatment conditions for both the A surface (or B surface) of the compound semiconductor substrates 3a and 3b. This is because the surface state of the substrate strictly matches and it is easy to form a unipolar antiphase region boundary surface. Further, the surface activation treatment may be any one of the above methods, or a combination treatment may be performed. Furthermore, the surface of the compound semiconductor substrates 3a and 3b on which the surface activation treatment is performed is preferably a surface (bonding surface) on which the bonding is performed.
- a heat treatment is preferably performed at 150 to 350 ° C., more preferably 150 to 250 ° C., so that the bonded surfaces of the compound semiconductor substrate 3a and the compound semiconductor substrate 3b are bonded. Improve the bond strength. Since the compound semiconductor substrate 3a and the compound semiconductor substrate 3b are made of the same material, the warpage of the substrate due to the difference in coefficient of thermal expansion is suppressed, but it is preferable to appropriately suppress the warpage by employing a temperature suitable for each substrate.
- the heat treatment time is preferably 2 to 24 hours depending on the temperature to some extent.
- each of the front and back surfaces of the compound semiconductor multilayer substrate 30 is composed of atoms (B atoms) of the same type of constituent elements, and a polar surface (B surface) in which the dangling bonds of the atoms are exposed.
- B atoms atoms
- B surface a polar surface
- the polar surface (A surface) in which the front and back surfaces of the compound semiconductor multilayer substrate 30 are each composed of A atoms and the dangling bonds of the A atoms are exposed. It becomes.
- the compound semiconductor multilayer substrate 30 has a unipolar antiphase region boundary surface 3ab in which A atoms are bonded to each other in parallel with the surface of the multilayer substrate 30 as a multilayer interface.
- the compound semiconductor multilayer substrate 30 has a unipolar structure in which the B atoms are bonded to each other in parallel to the surface of the multilayer substrate 30 as a multilayer interface.
- An antiphase region boundary surface 3ab is formed.
- This anti-phase region boundary surface 3ab is the above-described unipolar anti-phase region boundary surface 2ab, and is formed only by bonds between atoms of the same kind of element of cation-cation (or anion-anion). The blocking property of the semiconductor element is not impaired.
- the compound semiconductor multilayer substrate 30 it is also possible to form an epitaxially grown layer having a predetermined thickness with a controlled carrier concentration as an active layer of the semiconductor element on each of the front and back surfaces.
- the laminated substrate 30 manufactured by the above process is placed vertically on a boat made of polycrystalline silicon carbide, heated to 1340 ° C. in a vapor phase growth furnace, and a flow rate of 200 sccm.
- a flow rate of 200 sccm By introducing SiH 2 Cl 2 and C 2 H 2 at a flow rate of 50 sccm and setting the pressure to 15 Pa, an epitaxially grown layer having a predetermined thickness can be formed.
- the thickness of the epitaxial growth layer can be controlled by the growth time, and the electron concentration and hole concentration can be controlled by appropriately mixing N 2 gas, trimethylaluminum and the like in the growth gas, respectively.
- a similar homoepitaxial growth layer is formed on both surfaces of the multilayer substrate 30, but when forming an epitaxial growth layer only on one surface, the epitaxial growth operation is performed after covering the surface that does not require epitaxial growth with an oxide film. It is also possible to remove the epitaxial growth layer by polishing after the epitaxial growth.
- a compound semiconductor multilayer substrate is obtained that is not affected by the difference in surface polarity in substrate processing and semiconductor element manufacturing, and that the movement of dislocations in the crystal is hindered and the blocking characteristics are not impaired.
- the cation surface is the Si surface and the anion surface is the C surface
- the cation surface is In the case of using the compound semiconductor substrates 3a and 3b made of gallium arsenide, the cation face is the Ga face, the anion face is the As face, and the compound semiconductor substrates 3a and 3b made of gallium phosphide. Is used, the cation plane is a Ga plane and the anion plane is a P plane.
- the cation plane is a Ga plane and the anion plane is an N plane.
- the cation surfaces are joined to form a unipolar antiphase region boundary surface composed of cations (or anions), and the front and back surfaces of the laminated substrate 30 are the same.
- An anion surface (or cation surface) having a polarity of 5 is formed, and the above-described effects of the present invention can be obtained.
- Embodiment 2 of the manufacturing method of the compound semiconductor multilayer substrate concerning this invention is demonstrated using FIG.
- the compound semiconductor substrates 4a and 4b are the same as the compound semiconductor substrates 3a and 3b in the first embodiment.
- a surface layer of the A surface (or B surface) of the compound semiconductor substrate 4a is formed on the surface to be bonded to the other compound semiconductor substrate 4b.
- hydrogen ions or the like are implanted in advance to form the ion implantation region 4 ion (FIG. 5B).
- the ion implantation energy may be set so as to obtain a desired thin film thickness.
- He ions, B ions, or the like may be implanted at the same time, and any ions may be employed as long as the same effect can be obtained.
- the dose of hydrogen ions (H + ) implanted into the compound semiconductor substrate 4a is preferably 1.0 ⁇ 10 16 atoms / cm 2 to 9.0 ⁇ 10 17 atoms / cm 2 . If it is less than 1.0 ⁇ 10 16 atoms / cm 2 , the interface may not be embrittled. If it exceeds 9.0 ⁇ 10 17 atoms / cm 2 , bubbles are transferred during heat treatment after bonding. It may become defective.
- the dose is preferably 5.0 ⁇ 10 15 atoms / cm 2 to 4.5 ⁇ 10 17 atoms / cm 2 . If it is less than 5.0 ⁇ 10 15 atoms / cm 2 , the interface may not be embrittled. If it exceeds 4.5 ⁇ 10 17 atoms / cm 2 , bubbles are transferred during heat treatment after bonding. It may become defective.
- the depth from the ion-implanted substrate surface to the ion-implanted region 4 ion is desired for the compound semiconductor thin film 4a ′, which is a thinned compound semiconductor substrate provided on the compound semiconductor substrate 4b.
- the thickness is usually 100 to 2,000 nm, preferably 300 to 500 nm, and more preferably about 400 nm.
- the depth of the ion implantation region 4 ion (that is, the ion distribution thickness) is such that it can be easily peeled off by mechanical impact or the like, and is preferably about 200 to 400 nm, more preferably about 300 nm.
- a surface treatment is performed to make the surface states of the A surface (or B surface), which is the ion implantation surface of the compound semiconductor substrate 4a, and the A surface (or B surface) of the compound semiconductor substrate 4b strictly equivalent. It is desirable. This is because, when non-equivalent surfaces are joined together, a bipolar APB surface as shown in FIG. 12 is formed, and the characteristics of the semiconductor element are impaired. For this reason, the substrate 4a and 4b are paired and surface treatment is simultaneously performed under the same processing conditions.
- the optimum surface treatment method depends on the material of the substrate. For example, in the case of a silicon carbide substrate, after cleaning with a mixed acid of hydrogen peroxide and sulfuric acid, the surface oxide film is removed by dilute hydrofluoric acid.
- the method of obtaining the surface is mentioned. Further, if the surface is terminated with hydrogen by heating in a hydrogen atmosphere in order to define the structure of the unipolar APB surface, the controllability of the surface polarity is enhanced, and the APB surface at the shuffle set position as shown in FIG. As a result, it can be reliably obtained.
- the A planes (or the B planes) in a state where the specific crystal planes of both the substrates 4a and 4b are aligned that is, the specific crystal orientation of the substrate 4a matches the specific crystal orientation of the substrate 4b.
- the bonding method, the surface activation method, and the like may be the same as those in the first embodiment.
- a heat treatment is preferably performed at 150 to 350 ° C., more preferably 150 to 250 ° C., so that the bonded surfaces of the compound semiconductor substrate 4a and the compound semiconductor substrate 4b are bonded. Improve the bond strength. Since the compound semiconductor substrate 4a and the compound semiconductor substrate 4b are made of the same material, the warpage of the substrate due to the difference in thermal expansion coefficient is suppressed, but it is preferable to appropriately suppress the warpage by employing a temperature suitable for each substrate.
- the heat treatment time is preferably 2 to 24 hours depending on the temperature to some extent.
- the substrates bonded as described above thermal energy or mechanical energy is applied to the ion-implanted portion, and the surface layer of the compound semiconductor substrate 4a is peeled off in the ion-implanted region 4 ion. Then, the single crystal compound semiconductor thin film 4a ′ is transferred to obtain the compound semiconductor laminated substrate 40 (FIG. 5D).
- a peeling method for example, the bonded substrate is heated to a high temperature, and by this heat, a fine bubble body of a component ion-implanted in the ion- implanted region 4 ion is generated to cause peeling to generate a compound.
- a thermal peeling method for separating the semiconductor substrate 4a can be applied.
- mechanical peeling is performed by applying a physical impact to one end of the ion implantation region 4 ion while performing low-temperature heat treatment (eg, 500 to 900 ° C., preferably 500 to 700 ° C.) that does not cause thermal peeling.
- a mechanical peeling method for separating the compound semiconductor substrate 4a by being generated can be applied.
- the mechanical peeling method is more preferable because the roughness of the transfer surface after transfer of the single crystal compound semiconductor thin film is relatively smaller than that of the thermal peeling method.
- the compound semiconductor substrate 4b is heated at a heating temperature of 700 to 1000 ° C. at a temperature higher than that at the time of the peeling process and a heating time of 1 to 24 hours. You may perform the heat processing which improves this. At this time, since the thin film 4a ′ is firmly adhered to the compound semiconductor substrate 4b, no peeling occurs in a portion other than the peeling portion in the ion implantation region 4 ion .
- the single crystal compound semiconductor substrate 4a ′′ after peeling can be reused again as a single crystal compound semiconductor substrate by polishing or cleaning the surface again.
- each of the front and back surfaces of the compound semiconductor multilayer substrate 40 is made of atoms (B atoms) of the same kind of constituent elements, and a polar face (B face) in which dangling bonds of the atoms are exposed.
- B atoms atoms
- B face polar face
- a surface polar surface
- the compound semiconductor multilayer substrate 40 is formed with an antiphase region boundary surface 4ab in which either one of A atoms or B atoms is bonded to each other as a multilayer interface parallel to the surface of the multilayer substrate 40.
- the compound semiconductor stacked substrate 40 is parallel to the surface of the stacked substrate 40 as a stacked interface therein, and either A atom or B atom
- the antiphase region boundary surface 4ab in which the two are coupled is formed.
- This antiphase region boundary surface 4ab is the unipolar antiphase region boundary surface 2ab described above, and is formed only by bonds between atoms of the same kind of element of cation-cation (or anion-anion).
- an epitaxial growth layer having a predetermined thickness with a controlled carrier concentration can be formed as an active layer of a semiconductor element on each of the front and back surfaces.
- the laminated substrate 40 manufactured by the above process is placed vertically on a boat made of polycrystalline silicon carbide, heated to 1340 ° C. in a vapor phase growth furnace, and a flow rate of 200 sccm.
- a flow rate of 200 sccm By introducing SiH 2 Cl 2 and C 2 H 2 at a flow rate of 50 sccm and setting the pressure to 15 Pa, an epitaxially grown layer having a predetermined thickness can be formed.
- the thickness of the epitaxial growth layer can be controlled by the growth time, and the electron concentration and hole concentration can be controlled by appropriately mixing N 2 gas, trimethylaluminum and the like in the growth gas, respectively.
- the same homoepitaxial growth layer is formed on both surfaces of the multilayer substrate 40.
- the epitaxial growth operation is performed after covering the surface that does not require epitaxial growth with an oxide film. It is also possible to remove the epitaxial growth layer by polishing after the epitaxial growth.
- Non-Patent Document 2 discloses that silicon carbide having a stacking fault density of 120 / cm or less can be formed by preventing dislocation movement, and Non-Patent Document 3 has a stacking fault density of 60,000 / cm 2 or less ( 245 / cm or less), it has been reported that the leakage current density in the pn junction of silicon carbide can be 0.1 mA or less. If the compound semiconductor laminated substrate made of silicon carbide according to the present invention is used, a semiconductor element whose blocking characteristics are not impaired can be obtained.
- the cation surface is a Ga surface and the anion surface is an N surface
- the compound semiconductor substrates 4a and 4b made of gallium arsenide are used, the cation surface.
- a cation surface is a Ga surface
- an anion surface is a P surface
- a compound semiconductor substrate 4a made of gallium nitride is used.
- the cation face is a Ga face and the anion face is an N face.
- the cation surfaces are joined together to form a unipolar antiphase region boundary surface composed of cations (or anions), and the front and back surfaces of the laminated substrate 40 are the same.
- An anion surface (or cation surface) having a polarity of 5 is formed, and the above-described effects of the present invention can be obtained.
- the compound semiconductor substrate 4a in the second embodiment is a substrate in which a homoepitaxial growth layer is formed in advance on the surface of the substrate 4a to be bonded to the compound semiconductor substrate 4b.
- single crystal compound semiconductor substrates 5a and 5b are prepared (FIG. 6 (a)), in which the close-packed surfaces are oriented on the front and back surfaces of the substrate.
- the compound semiconductor substrates 5a and 5b are the same as the compound semiconductor substrates 3a and 3b in the first embodiment.
- the substrate 5a is referred to as a transfer substrate, and the substrate 5b is also referred to as a support substrate.
- a homoepitaxial growth layer 5e of the same compound as that of the substrate 5a is formed on the surface to be bonded to the other compound semiconductor substrate 5b (FIG. 6).
- B an epitaxial crystal that is the same compound as the substrate 5a and has the same atomic arrangement is grown in layers on one main surface of the substrate 5a.
- a known epitaxial growth method may be used.
- a vapor phase epitaxial growth method is preferable.
- the thickness of the homoepitaxial growth layer 5e is preferably 500 nm to 5 ⁇ m, more preferably 600 nm to 1 ⁇ m. Thereby, a part of the homoepitaxial growth layer 5e can be transferred in a layered manner onto the substrate 5b by an ion implantation transfer method to be described later.
- a buffer layer 5c is formed between the compound semiconductor substrate 5a and the homoepitaxial growth layer 5e by doping impurities into the same compound, crystal defects exposed on the surface of the substrate 5a are prevented from propagating to the homoepitaxial growth layer 5e. This is preferable (FIG. 6B).
- the thickness of the buffer layer 5c is preferably 100 to 1000 nm.
- the surface of the homoepitaxial growth layer 5e is formed on the A surface (cation surface) of the substrate 5a, the surface of the homoepitaxial growth layer 5e also becomes the A surface (cation surface).
- the surface of the homoepitaxial growth layer 5e is a B surface (anion surface).
- a surface layer of the A-plane (or B-plane) of the homoepitaxial growth layer 5e is separated from the surface to be bonded to the other compound semiconductor substrate 5b, that is, the homoepitaxial growth layer 5e.
- hydrogen ions or the like are implanted in advance to form an ion implantation region 5 ion (FIG. 6C).
- the ion implantation processing method at this time may be the same as that of the second embodiment.
- the depth from the ion-implanted substrate surface to the ion implantation region 5 ion is a homoepitaxial growth layer 5e ′, which is a thinned compound semiconductor substrate provided on the compound semiconductor substrate 5b.
- the thickness is usually 100 to 2000 nm, preferably 300 to 500 nm, and more preferably about 400 nm.
- the depth of the ion implantation region 5 ion (that is, the ion distribution thickness) is such that it can be easily peeled off by mechanical impact or the like, and is preferably about 200 to 400 nm, more preferably about 300 nm.
- the substrate 5a, 5b is paired and surface treatment is simultaneously performed under the same processing conditions.
- the optimum surface treatment method depends on the material of the substrate. For example, in the case of a silicon carbide substrate, after cleaning with a mixed acid of hydrogen peroxide and sulfuric acid, the surface oxide film is removed by dilute hydrofluoric acid. The method of obtaining the surface is mentioned.
- the surface is terminated with hydrogen by heating in a hydrogen atmosphere in order to define the structure of the unipolar APB surface, the controllability of the surface polarity is improved, and the APB surface at the shuffle set position as shown in FIG. Can be obtained.
- the A surface (or B surface) which is the ion implantation surface of the compound semiconductor substrate 5a (that is, the homoepitaxial growth layer 5e) and the A surface (or B surface) of the compound semiconductor substrate 5b are specified for both the substrates 5a and 5b.
- the bonding method, surface cleaning method, surface activation method, and the like at this time may be the same as those in the first embodiment.
- a heat treatment is preferably performed at 150 to 350 ° C., more preferably 150 to 250 ° C., to thereby perform the homoepitaxial growth layer 5e and the compound semiconductor.
- the bonding strength of the bonding surface of the substrate 5b is improved. Since the compound semiconductor substrate 5a (homoepitaxial growth layer 5e) and the compound semiconductor substrate 5b are made of the same material, warpage of the substrate due to the difference in thermal expansion coefficient is suppressed, but a temperature suitable for each substrate is appropriately adopted. It is good to suppress warpage.
- the heat treatment time is preferably 2 to 24 hours depending on the temperature to some extent.
- the substrates bonded as described above thermal energy or mechanical energy is applied to the ion-implanted portion, and the surface layer of the homoepitaxial growth layer 5e is peeled off in the ion-implanted region 5 ion. Then, the single crystal compound semiconductor thin film 5e ′ is transferred to obtain the compound semiconductor laminated substrate 50 (FIG. 6E).
- the peeling method at this time may be the same as in the second embodiment. If necessary, heat treatment for improving adhesion may be performed.
- the single crystal compound semiconductor substrate 5a after being peeled can be reused again as a single crystal compound semiconductor substrate by polishing or cleaning the surface again.
- each of the front and back surfaces of the compound semiconductor multilayer substrate 50 is made of atoms (B atoms) of the same kind of constituent elements, and a polar face (B face) in which the dangling bonds of the atoms are exposed.
- B atoms atoms of the same kind of constituent elements
- B face a polar face in which the dangling bonds of the atoms are exposed.
- the front and back surfaces of the compound semiconductor multilayer substrate 50 are each composed of A atoms and the dangling bonds of the A atoms. Is the exposed polar surface (A surface).
- the compound semiconductor multilayer substrate 50 has an antiphase region boundary surface 5 eb in which A atoms are bonded to each other as a multilayer interface parallel to the surface of the multilayer substrate 50.
- the compound semiconductor multilayer substrate 50 is parallel to the surface of the multilayer substrate 50 as a multilayer interface inside thereof.
- An antiphase region boundary surface 5eb in which B atoms are bonded to each other is formed.
- This antiphase region boundary surface 5eb is the above-described unipolar antiphase region boundary surface 2ab, and is formed only by bonds between atoms of the same kind of element of cation-cation (or anion-anion).
- the compound semiconductor multilayer substrate 50 it is also possible to form an epitaxial growth layer having a predetermined thickness with a controlled carrier concentration as an active layer of the semiconductor element on each of the front and back surfaces.
- a substrate of silicon carbide 3C—SiC
- the laminated substrate 50 manufactured by the above-described process is placed vertically on a boat made of polycrystalline silicon carbide, and is heated to 1340 ° C. in a vapor phase growth furnace. the temperature was raised to introduce the C 2 H 2 of SiH 2 Cl 2 and the flow rate 50sccm flow 200 sccm, it is possible to form the epitaxial growth layer having a predetermined thickness by a 15Pa pressure.
- the thickness of the epitaxial growth layer can be controlled by the growth time, and the electron concentration and hole concentration can be controlled by appropriately mixing N 2 gas, trimethylaluminum and the like in the growth gas, respectively.
- the same homoepitaxial growth layer is formed on both surfaces of the multilayer substrate 50.
- the epitaxial growth operation is performed after covering the surface not requiring epitaxial growth with an oxide film. It is also possible to remove the epitaxial growth layer by polishing after the epitaxial growth.
- Non-Patent Document 2 it is possible to form silicon carbide having a stacking fault density of 120 / cm or less by preventing dislocation movement, and in Non-Patent Document 3, the density of stacking faults is 60,000 / cm 2 or less ( 245 / cm or less), it has been reported that the leakage current density in the pn junction of silicon carbide can be 0.1 mA or less. If the compound semiconductor laminated substrate made of silicon carbide according to the present invention is used, a semiconductor element whose blocking characteristics are not impaired can be obtained.
- the cation face is the Ga face and the anion face is the N face, and the compound semiconductor substrate 5a made of gallium arsenide.
- the compound semiconductor substrate 5a (homoepitaxial growth layer 5e) and the compound semiconductor substrate 5b are used.
- the cation surface is the Ga surface and the anion surface.
- cation surfaces are joined together to form a unipolar antiphase region boundary surface composed of cations (or anions), and the front and back surfaces of the laminated substrate 50 are the same.
- An anion surface (or cation surface) having a polarity of 5 is formed, and the above-described effects of the present invention can be obtained.
- Example 1 The compound semiconductor multilayer substrate 30 having the unipolar antiphase region boundary surface (APB surface) shown in FIG. 3C and the multilayer substrate not having the unipolar APB surface shown in FIG. did.
- the first wafer W11 (four wafers) and the second wafer W12 (two wafers) have a (0001) Si surface, and the third wafer W13 (one wafer) has a (000-1) C surface.
- the tolerance between the normal axis and the [0001] axis of the surface of each wafer is within 0.3 degrees.
- the fourth wafer W14 (one piece) was a surface whose surface was inclined by 4 degrees from the (0001) Si surface to the [11-20] direction.
- Each wafer is provided with a first orientation flat parallel to the [11-20] orientation and a second orientation flat parallel to the [1-100] orientation, and the length of the first orientation flat is 38.5 mm.
- the length of the second orientation flat was 18 mm.
- the wafer W11 was processed so that the first orientation flat was in the 6 o'clock direction of the watch and the second orientation flat was in the 3 o'clock direction of the watch when the surface was viewed.
- the wafers W12, W13, and W14 were processed so that when viewed from the surface, the first orientation flat was in the 6 o'clock direction of the watch and the second orientation flat was in the 9 o'clock direction of the watch. Further, since the wafer W11 becomes a support substrate portion (base) of the laminated body after the bonding process described later (corresponding to the substrate 3b in FIG. 3), it is necessary to maintain the mechanical strength, and the wafer thickness is set to 0. It was 5 mm. On the other hand, the wafers W12, W13, and W14 all have a thickness of 0.15 mm.
- the front and back surfaces of such wafers W11, W12, W13, and W14 are subjected to mechanical polishing and chemical mechanical polishing (CMP), and the arithmetic average roughness (Ra, JIS B0601: 2013, the same applies hereinafter) of the surface is 0. .2 nm or less.
- CMP mechanical polishing and chemical mechanical polishing
- Ra arithmetic average roughness
- the reason why the smoothing is performed in this manner is to reduce the unbonded region in the wafer bonding process described later.
- the wafers W11, W12, W13, and W14 were simultaneously cleaned with a mixed acid of hydrogen peroxide and sulfuric acid (SPM cleaning) under the same processing conditions, and then the surface oxide film was removed by dilute hydrofluoric acid processing (HF processing). .
- SPM cleaning mixed acid of hydrogen peroxide and sulfuric acid
- each wafer was simultaneously immersed in ozone water in which ozone gas was dissolved for 10 minutes to activate the surface.
- the substrate surface was hydrogen-terminated by performing a heat treatment at 700 ° C. for 10 minutes in a hydrogen atmosphere, and the polarities of the respective substrates were made uniform.
- a combination (two sets) of the wafer W11 and the wafer W12, a combination of the wafer W11 and the wafer W13, and a combination of the wafer W11 and the wafer W14 were bonded so that the surfaces of the wafers were in contact with each other.
- the first orientation flats and the second orientation flats of each of the wafers W11 and W12 in the combination (Example) and in the combination of the wafer W11 and the wafer W13 (Comparative 1) Orientation flat end faces were aligned using an L-shaped quartz jig so that the positions matched exactly. In this case, the tolerance of the abutting wafer end face was within 20 arcsec.
- first orientation flat of the wafer W12 is rotated counterclockwise by 2 degrees or more with respect to the first orientation flat of the wafer W11 in another set (comparison 2) of the combinations of the wafer W11 and the wafer W12. did.
- the interface after bonding described later does not become a matching interface but becomes a twist grain boundary.
- an L-shaped quartz jig is used so that the positions of the first orientation flats and the second orientation flats of each wafer in the combination of the wafer W11 and the wafer W14 (Comparative 3) are exactly the same.
- Orientation flat end faces are aligned. In this case, the tolerance of the abutting wafer end face was within 20 arcsec.
- the crystal lattice of the wafer W14 is inclined with respect to the wafer W11 at the bonding interface, so that the interface after bonding, which will be described later, does not become a matching interface, Become.
- the wafer integrated by the contact of the wafer W11 and the wafer W12 (referred to as an example) is referred to as W112, and in the combination of the wafer W11 and the wafer W13 (Comparative 1).
- the wafer integrated by the contact between the wafer W11 and the wafer W13 is referred to as W113.
- the wafer W11 and the wafer W12 integrated in the other set (comparison 2) of the combination of the wafer W11 and the wafer W12 are referred to as W112 ′, and the combination of the wafer W11 and the wafer W14 (comparison 3).
- the wafer W112 is composed of a monopolar APB surface with a Si—Si bond at the bonding surface, and the front surface and the back surface are C surfaces.
- the bonding surface of the wafer W113 is Si—C bond and does not include the APB surface.
- the front surface side of wafer W113 (corresponding to the back surface of wafer W13) is the Si surface
- the back surface side of wafer W113 (corresponding to the back surface of wafer W11) is the C surface.
- the front and back surfaces of the wafers W112 ′ and W114 are C-planes, but the bonding surface is not necessarily a unipolar APB surface in which Si atoms are bonded to each other, but the bipolar APB surface and a twist grain boundary, or an inclined grain. Composed by the world. For this reason, when a pn junction or a Schottky electrode is provided to expand the space charge region at the junction interface, it behaves as a carrier leak path.
- the wafers W112, W113, W112 ', and W114 were heat-treated at 250 ° C. for 24 hours to increase the bonding strength of the bonding surfaces.
- KOH potassium hydroxide
- the wafers W112, W113, W112 ′ and W114 obtained as described above were subjected to a molten KOH treatment on the wafer W12 side surface, the W13 side surface, and the W14 side surface, and the BPD exposed on the surface was exposed.
- the density was measured, the BPD densities of the wafers W112, W113, W112 ′, and W114 were similar and were 7900 to 12000 / cm 2 .
- the unipolar APB surface formed at the bonding interface hinders the expansion (propagation) of BPD from the wafer W11 side to wafer W12 in the multilayer substrate, and suppresses an increase in BPD density. It is estimated to be.
- the APB surface is not formed at the lamination interface, so it is estimated that the BPD propagates from the wafer W11 side to the wafer W13 in the laminated substrate and the BPD density increases.
- a silicon carbide substrate having a relatively high defect density is used as wafer W12.
- wafer W112 is manufactured using a silicon carbide substrate having a low defect density as wafer W12, defects on the surface of wafer W11 are used. Even if the density is high, propagation of those defects is blocked by the APB surface, so that it is possible to obtain a silicon carbide laminated substrate having a low defect density similar to the surface of the wafer W12.
- the silicon carbide substrate having a low defect density for example, a silicon carbide substrate having a low defect density manufactured by the method described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2003-119097 may be used.
- a compound semiconductor multilayer substrate 40 having a unipolar antiphase region boundary surface (APB surface) shown in FIG. 5D and a multilayer substrate having no unipolar APB surface shown in FIG. did.
- three types of single crystal 4H—SiC substrates (wafers) having a diameter of 4 inches were prepared.
- the first wafer W21 two sheets
- the first wafer W21 is a support substrate portion of the laminate (corresponding to the substrate 4b in FIG. 5), and is 4 degrees in the [11-20] direction from the normal axis of the surface.
- the (0001) Si plane is oriented in an inclined direction.
- the second wafer W22 (one piece) (corresponding to the substrate 4a in FIG.
- the third wafer W23 (two wafers) (for comparison) has the (000-1) C plane oriented in a direction inclined by 4 degrees in the [-1-120] direction from the normal axis of the surface ( Transfer substrate).
- the reason for using such a slightly tilted substrate is to realize step-controlled epitaxy that maintains the polytype of the crystal (maintains atomic arrangement) by propagating the stacking order of crystal planes in the [0001] axial direction in the lateral direction. is there.
- the reason why the fine tilt direction of the target surface is the opposite direction between the wafers W21, W22, and W23 is to suppress the generation of tilt grain boundaries and form matching interfaces when the respective surfaces are bonded. .
- Each wafer was provided with a first orientation flat parallel to the [11-20] orientation and a second orientation flat parallel to the [1-100] orientation.
- the length of the first orientation flat was 38.5 mm, and the length of the second orientation flat was 18 mm.
- the wafer W21 was processed so that the first orientation flat was in the 6 o'clock direction of the watch and the second orientation flat was in the 3 o'clock direction of the watch when the surface was viewed.
- the wafers W22 and W23 were processed so that when viewed from the surface, the first orientation flat had a 6 o'clock direction and the second orientation flat had a 9 o'clock position.
- Each wafer thickness is 0.5 mm.
- the BPD densities of the wafers W21, W22, and W23 measured by the above-described molten KOH treatment were all comparable and were 9300 to 11000 / cm 2 .
- each wafer surface was subjected to chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) treatment to reduce the arithmetic average roughness Ra of the surface to 0.2 nm or less.
- CMP chemical mechanical polishing
- a fragile layer was provided on the surface of each of the wafers W22 and W23 (corresponding to the ion implantation region 4 ion in FIG. 5B).
- This is a process for transferring only the respective surface layers onto the wafer W21 after bonding the wafers W22 and W23 to the wafer W21. Therefore, hydrogen ions are implanted into the surfaces to be bonded to the wafers W22 and W23 to form an ion implantation region 4 ion shown in FIG.
- the dose of implanted hydrogen ions (H + ) was 1.0 ⁇ 10 17 atoms / cm 2, and the acceleration energy of ions was 65 keV so that the fragile layer had a depth of 400 nm.
- the wafers W21, W22, and W23 were simultaneously cleaned with a mixed acid of hydrogen peroxide and sulfuric acid (SPM cleaning) under the same processing conditions, and then the surface oxide film was removed by dilute hydrofluoric acid processing (HF processing).
- HF processing dilute hydrofluoric acid processing
- the substrate surface was hydrogen-terminated by performing a heat treatment at 700 ° C. for 10 minutes in a hydrogen atmosphere, and the polarities of the respective substrates were made uniform.
- the surfaces of the wafers W22 and W23 were respectively brought into contact with and bonded to the surface of the wafer W21 (corresponding to the process shown in FIG. 5C). However, the surface of each wafer before contact is activated by irradiation with Ar plasma under the same processing conditions.
- the orientation flat directions of the wafers W22 and W23 are aligned with the orientation flat orientation of the wafer W21 (that is, the first orientation flats of the wafers are aligned with each other).
- the second orientation flats are precisely aligned) so that the crystal plane shift in the [11-20] orientation is 20 arcsec or less.
- the density of mismatched interfaces interfaces where the crystal lattice is discontinuous between the wafers W21 and W22 and between the wafers W21 and W23 is reduced to a negligible level.
- Si-Si bonds exist at the interface between the wafer W21 and the wafer W22 because the Si polar surfaces face each other. That is, there is a monopolar unipolar antiphase region boundary (APB) plane.
- APB monopolar unipolar antiphase region boundary
- the C polarity surface of the wafer W23 faces the Si polarity surface of the wafer W21. Therefore, the interface is formed by Si—C bonds and there is no APB surface.
- the bonded body of the wafers W21 and W22 and the bonded body of the wafers W21 and W23 are heated to 800 ° C. to cause breakage in the weak layer formed by hydrogen ion implantation, and only the thin film layer having a thickness of 400 nm is transferred to the wafer W21.
- Transferring (corresponding to the process shown in FIG. 5D).
- the wafer in which the thin film layer on the wafer W22 side is transferred to the surface of the wafer W21 by breakage is called W212, and the wafer in which the thin film layer on the wafer W23 side is transferred to the surface of the wafer W21 is called W213.
- the CMP was performed to reduce the arithmetic average roughness Ra of the surface to 0.2 nm or less.
- wafer W213 is that Si surface is exposed on the surface
- SiH 4 gas flow rate and a C 3 H 8 gas is respectively set to 10sccm and 8 sccm
- the flow rate of SiH 4 gas and a C 3 H 8 gas is for wafer W212 is 8 sccm and 10 sccm, respectively.
- the treatment was continued for 75 minutes under these conditions, and 10 ⁇ m homoepitaxial growth was performed.
- the homoepitaxial growth layer showed n-type conductivity, and the residual carrier concentration was 3 ⁇ 10 15 / cm 3, which was confirmed by capacitance-voltage measurement (CV measurement) performed later.
- the etching of defects is promoted by placing potassium hydroxide on the surface and heating and melting at 500 ° C. for 5 minutes. And actualized.
- the BPD density on the surface of the wafer W212 remained at 9700 / cm 2 , which was the same as that on the W22 surface, but the BPD density on the surface of the wafer W213 increased to 22000 / cm 2 , approximately twice that of the W23 surface. .
- the propagation of BPD is blocked by the unipolar APB surface at the stack interface, whereas in the wafer W213, the APB surface does not exist. Therefore, the BPD on the surface of the wafer W21 penetrates W23 and reaches the surface of the epitaxial growth layer. It is thought that it reached. Thus, the effect of the present invention was verified.
- a silicon carbide substrate having a relatively high defect density is used as wafer W22.
- a wafer W212 is manufactured using a silicon carbide substrate having a low defect density as wafer W22, defects on the surface of wafer W21 are used. Even if the density is high, propagation of those defects is blocked by the APB surface, so that it is possible to obtain a silicon carbide laminated substrate having a low defect density similar to the surface of the wafer W22.
- the silicon carbide substrate having a low defect density for example, a silicon carbide substrate having a low defect density manufactured by the method described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2003-119097 may be used.
- a compound semiconductor multilayer substrate 50 having a unipolar antiphase region boundary surface (APB surface) shown in FIG. 6E and a multilayer substrate having no unipolar APB surface were produced, and homoepitaxially grown on these substrates. Compare the basal plane dislocation (BPD) density of the thin films.
- BPD basal plane dislocation
- three types of single crystal 4H—SiC substrates (wafers) were prepared.
- the first wafer W31 (two sheets) is a support substrate portion of the laminated body (corresponding to the substrate 5b in FIG. 6), and is inclined by 4 degrees in the [11-20] direction from the normal axis of the surface.
- the (0001) Si plane is oriented in the direction.
- the second wafer W32 (one piece) (corresponding to the substrate 5a in FIG. 6) has the (0001) Si plane oriented in a direction inclined by 4 degrees in the [-1-120] direction from the normal axis of the surface. (Transfer substrate).
- the third wafer W33 (1 sheet) (for comparison) has the (000-1) C plane oriented in a direction inclined by 4 degrees in the [-1-120] direction from the normal axis of the surface ( Transfer substrate).
- the reason for using such a slightly tilted substrate is to realize step-controlled epitaxy that maintains the polytype of the crystal (maintains atomic arrangement) by propagating the stacking order of crystal planes in the [0001] axial direction in the lateral direction. is there.
- the reason why the fine tilt direction of the target surface is the opposite direction between the wafers W31, W32 and W33 is to suppress the generation of tilt grain boundaries and antipolar phase boundary surfaces of both polarities when the respective surfaces are bonded. This is because a matching interface is formed.
- Each wafer was provided with a first orientation flat parallel to the [11-20] orientation and a second orientation flat parallel to the [1-100] orientation.
- the length of the first orientation flat was 38.5 mm
- the length of the second orientation flat was 18 mm.
- the wafer W31 was processed so that the first orientation flat was in the 6 o'clock direction of the watch and the second orientation flat was in the 3 o'clock direction of the watch when the surface was viewed.
- the wafers W32 and W33 were processed so that the first orientation flat was in the 6 o'clock direction of the watch and the second orientation flat was in the 9 o'clock direction of the watch when the surface was viewed. Each wafer thickness is 0.5 mm.
- the wafers W31, W32, and W33 were simultaneously cleaned with a mixed solution of sulfuric acid and hydrogen peroxide solution under the same processing conditions (SPM cleaning), and the oxide film on the surface was removed by dilute hydrofluoric acid processing (HF processing).
- SiH 4 gas to the wafer W32 and a C 3 H 8 gas is the flow rate was respectively 10sccm and 8 sccm
- SiH 4 gas to the wafer W33 and a C 3 H 8 gas is the flow rate was 8 sccm and 10sccm respectively.
- the reason why the gas flow rate is changed in the wafers W32 and W33 is the optimum for promoting the lateral growth from the slightly inclined surface according to the difference in the polar surface (Si surface and C surface) of each surface. This is because the conditions change. It was confirmed by the temperature oscillation of a radiation thermometer that measures the temperature of the wafer surface that the SiC growth rate under each condition was about 8 ⁇ m / h (the measurement method is the same in the following examples).
- the homo-epitaxial growth layer (corresponding to the homo-epitaxial layer 5e in FIG. 6B) exhibits n-type conductivity, and the capacitance-voltage measurement carried out after that the residual carrier concentration is 3 ⁇ 10 15 / cm 3 ( CV measurement).
- BPD basal plane dislocations
- TD threading dislocations
- CMP chemical mechanical polishing
- a fragile layer was provided on the epitaxial growth layer surface of each of the wafers W32 and W33 (corresponding to the ion implantation region 5 ion in FIG. 6C).
- This is a process for transferring only the respective surface layers onto the wafer W31 after the wafers W32 and W33 are brought into contact with and bonded to the wafer W31. Therefore, hydrogen ions are implanted into the epitaxial growth layer surfaces of the wafers W32 and W33 to form an ion implantation region 5 ion shown in FIG. 6C.
- the dose of implanted hydrogen ions (H + ) was 1.0 ⁇ 10 17 atoms / cm 2, and the acceleration energy of ions was 65 keV so that the fragile layer had a depth of 400 nm.
- the wafers W31, W32, and W33 were simultaneously cleaned with a mixed acid of hydrogen peroxide and sulfuric acid (SPM cleaning) under the same processing conditions, and then the oxide film on the surface was removed by dilute hydrofluoric acid processing (HF processing).
- HF processing dilute hydrofluoric acid processing
- the substrate surface was hydrogen-terminated by performing a heat treatment at 700 ° C. for 10 minutes in a hydrogen atmosphere, and the polarities of the respective substrates were made uniform.
- the surfaces of the wafers W32 and W33 were respectively brought into contact with and bonded to the surface of the wafer W31 (corresponding to the processing shown in FIG. 6D). However, the surface of each wafer before contact is activated by irradiation with Ar plasma under the same processing conditions.
- the orientation flat directions of the wafers W32 and W33 are matched with the orientation flat orientation of the wafer W31 (that is, the first orientation flats of the wafers are aligned with each other).
- the second orientation flats are precisely aligned) so that the crystal plane shift in the [11-20] orientation is 20 arcsec or less.
- the density of mismatched interfaces interfaces where the crystal lattice is discontinuous between the wafers W31 and W32 and between the wafers W31 and W33 is reduced to a negligible level.
- Si-Si bonds exist at the interface between the wafer W31 and the wafer W32 because the Si polar surfaces face each other. That is, there is a monopolar unipolar antiphase region boundary (APB) plane.
- APB monopolar unipolar antiphase region boundary
- the C polarity surface of the wafer W33 faces the Si polarity surface of the wafer W31. Therefore, the interface is formed by Si—C bonds and there is no APB surface.
- the bonded body of wafers W31 and W32 and the bonded body of wafers W31 and W33 are heated to 800 ° C. to cause breakage in the weak layer formed by hydrogen ion implantation, and only the thin film layer having a thickness of 400 nm is transferred to wafer W31. It remained (transferred) on the surface (corresponding to the process shown in FIG. 6E).
- the wafer in which the thin film layer on the wafer W32 side is transferred to the surface of the wafer W31 due to breakage is called W312 and the wafer in which the thin film layer on the wafer W33 side is transferred to the surface of the wafer W31 is called W313.
- the CMP was performed to reduce the arithmetic average roughness Ra of the surface to 0.2 nm or less.
- the flow rates of SiH 4 gas and C 3 H 8 gas are 10 sccm and 8 sccm, respectively, as in the epitaxial growth on the wafer W 32, and the wafer W 312 is the same as the wafer W 33.
- the flow rates of SiH 4 gas and C 3 H 8 gas were 8 sccm and 10 sccm, respectively.
- the treatment was continued for 75 minutes under these conditions, and 10 ⁇ m homoepitaxial growth was performed.
- the homoepitaxial growth layer showed n-type conductivity and the residual carrier concentration was 3 ⁇ 10 15 / cm 3, which was confirmed by CV measurement performed later.
- the etching of defects is promoted by placing potassium hydroxide on the surface and heating and melting at 500 ° C. for 5 minutes. And actualized.
- the BPD density on the surface of the wafer W312 remained at 87 to 375 / cm 2 which was about the same as that before the epitaxial growth, but the BPD density on the surface of the wafer W313 was 8700 like the surface of the wafer W31 before the epitaxial growth. Increased to ⁇ 15000 / cm 2 .
- Example 4 In Example 3, a laminated substrate was fabricated and evaluated using the single crystal substrate with its A and B surfaces interchanged.
- three types of single crystal 4H—SiC substrates were prepared.
- the first wafer W41 two wafers
- the first wafer W41 serves as a support substrate portion of the laminate (corresponding to the substrate 5b in FIG. 6), and is inclined by 4 degrees in the [11-20] direction from the normal axis of the surface.
- the (000-1) C plane was oriented.
- the second wafer W42 (one piece) (corresponding to the substrate 5a in FIG. 6) has a (000-1) C plane in a direction inclined by 4 degrees in the [-1-120] direction from the normal axis of the surface. Oriented.
- the third wafer W43 (1 sheet) (for comparison) had the (0001) Si plane oriented in a direction inclined by 4 degrees in the [-1-120] direction from the normal axis of the surface.
- the reason for using such a slightly tilted substrate is to realize step-controlled epitaxy that maintains the polytype of the crystal (maintains atomic arrangement) by propagating the stacking order of crystal planes in the [0001] axial direction in the lateral direction. is there.
- the reason why the fine tilt direction of the target surface is the opposite direction between the wafers W41, W42 and W43 is to suppress the generation of tilt grain boundaries and form matching interfaces when the respective surfaces are bonded. .
- Each wafer was provided with a first orientation flat parallel to the [11-20] orientation and a second orientation flat parallel to the [1-100] orientation.
- the length of the first orientation flat was 38.5 mm
- the length of the second orientation flat was 18 mm.
- the wafer W41 was processed so that the first orientation flat was in the 6 o'clock direction of the watch and the second orientation flat was in the 3 o'clock direction of the watch when the surface was viewed.
- the wafers W42 and W43 were processed so that when viewed from the surface, the first orientation flat had a 6 o'clock direction and the second orientation flat had a 9 o'clock position.
- Each wafer thickness is 0.5 mm.
- Such wafers W41, W42, and W43 were simultaneously subjected to the same processing conditions, and after SPM cleaning, the oxide film on the surface was removed by HF processing.
- the flow rate of SiH 4 gas and a C 3 H 8 gas is for wafer W42 and respectively 8 sccm and 10 sccm
- SiH 4 gas to the wafer W43 and a C 3 H 8 gas is the flow rate of each was 10 sccm and 8 sccm.
- the growth rate of SiC under each condition was about 8 ⁇ m / h.
- the BPD density of the wafers W42 and W43 measured by the molten KOH treatment at 500 ° C. is 9300 to 11000 / cm 2 before the epitaxial growth, but both are reduced to 35 to 140 / cm 2 after the epitaxial growth. It was confirmed. On the other hand, the TD density of any wafer did not change to 800 / cm 2 before and after epitaxial growth.
- the surface of the epitaxial growth layer on the wafers W42 and W43 was subjected to CMP to reduce the arithmetic average roughness (Ra) of the surface from 1 nm to 0.2 nm.
- the wafer W42, W 43 is provided a weakened layer in each of the epitaxial growth layer surface (corresponding to the ion implantation region 5 ion in Figure 6 (c)). That is, hydrogen ions were implanted into the surfaces of the epitaxial growth layers of the wafers W42 and W43 to form an ion implantation region 5 ion shown in FIG.
- the dose of implanted hydrogen ions (H + ) was 1.0 ⁇ 10 17 atoms / cm 2, and the acceleration energy of ions was 65 keV so that the fragile layer had a depth of 400 nm.
- the wafers W41, W42, and W43 were simultaneously cleaned with a mixed acid of hydrogen peroxide and sulfuric acid (SPM cleaning) under the same processing conditions, and the oxide film on the surface was removed by dilute hydrofluoric acid processing (HF processing).
- SPM cleaning a mixed acid of hydrogen peroxide and sulfuric acid
- HF processing dilute hydrofluoric acid processing
- the substrate surface was hydrogen-terminated by performing a heat treatment at 700 ° C. for 10 minutes in a hydrogen atmosphere, and the polarities of the respective substrates were made uniform.
- the surfaces of the wafers W42 and W43 were bonded to the surface of the wafer W41, respectively (corresponding to the process shown in FIG. 6D).
- the surface of each wafer before contact is activated by irradiation with Ar plasma under the same processing conditions.
- the orientation flat directions of the wafers W42 and W43 are aligned with the orientation flat orientation of the wafer W41 (that is, the first orientation flats of the wafers are aligned with each other).
- the second orientation flats are precisely aligned) so that the crystal plane shift in the [11-20] orientation is 20 arcsec or less.
- the density of mismatched interfaces interfaces where the crystal lattice is discontinuous
- the bonded body of wafers W41 and W42 and the bonded body of wafers W41 and W43 are heated to 800 ° C. to cause breakage in the weak layer formed by hydrogen ion implantation, and only the thin film layer having a thickness of 400 nm is transferred to wafer W41. It remained (transferred) on the surface (corresponding to the process shown in FIG. 6E).
- a wafer in which the thin film layer on the wafer W42 side is transferred to the surface of the wafer W41 due to breakage is referred to as W412, and a wafer in which the thin film layer on the wafer W43 side is transferred to the surface of the wafer W41 is referred to as W413.
- CMP was performed to reduce the arithmetic average roughness Ra of the surface to 0.2 nm or less.
- the flow rates of SiH 4 gas and C 3 H 8 gas are 8 sccm and 10 sccm, respectively, as in the epitaxial growth on the wafer W42, and the wafer W412 is similar to the wafer W43.
- the flow rates of SiH 4 gas and C 3 H 8 gas were 10 sccm and 8 sccm, respectively.
- the treatment was continued for 75 minutes under these conditions, and 10 ⁇ m homoepitaxial growth was performed.
- the homoepitaxial growth layer showed n-type conductivity and the residual carrier concentration was 3 ⁇ 10 15 / cm 3, which was confirmed by CV measurement performed later.
- the etching of defects is promoted by placing potassium hydroxide on the surface and heating and melting at 500 ° C. for 5 minutes. And actualized.
- the BPD density on the surface of the wafer W412 remained at 84 to 184 / cm 2 which was about the same as that before the epitaxial growth. Increased to ⁇ 15000 / cm 2 . That is, in the wafer W412, the propagation of BPD is blocked by the unipolar APB surface at the interface, whereas in the wafer W413, the APB surface does not exist. It is thought that it reached.
- Example 5 In Example 3, a laminated substrate was manufactured and evaluated by changing to a single crystal substrate having a different crystal structure (crystal arrangement).
- three types of single crystal 6H—SiC substrates were prepared.
- the first wafer W51 (two) serves as a support substrate portion of the laminate (corresponding to the substrate 5b in FIG. 6), and is inclined by 4 degrees in the [11-20] direction from the normal axis of the surface.
- the (0001) Si plane is oriented in the direction.
- the second wafer W52 (one piece) (corresponding to the substrate 5a in FIG. 6) has a (0001) Si plane oriented in a direction inclined by 4 degrees in the [-1-120] direction from the normal axis of the surface.
- the third wafer W53 (one sheet) (for comparison) has the (000-1) C plane oriented in a direction inclined by 4 degrees in the [-1-120] direction from the normal axis of the surface.
- Each wafer was provided with a first orientation flat parallel to the [11-20] orientation and a second orientation flat parallel to the [1-100] orientation.
- the length of the first orientation flat was 38.5 mm
- the length of the second orientation flat was 18 mm.
- the wafer W51 was processed so that the first orientation flat was in the 6 o'clock direction of the watch and the second orientation flat was in the 3 o'clock direction of the watch when the surface was viewed.
- the wafers W52 and W53 were processed so that the first orientation flat was in the 6 o'clock direction of the watch and the second orientation flat was in the 9 o'clock direction of the watch when the surface was viewed.
- Each wafer thickness is 0.5 mm.
- Such wafers W51, W52 and W53 were simultaneously subjected to the same processing conditions, and after SPM cleaning, the oxide film on the surface was removed by HF processing.
- SiH 4 gas to the wafer W52 and a C 3 H 8 gas is the flow rate was respectively 10sccm and 8 sccm
- SiH 4 gas to the wafer W53 and a C 3 H 8 gas is the flow rate was 8 sccm and 10sccm respectively.
- the growth rate of SiC under each condition was about 8 ⁇ m / h.
- the BPD density of the wafers W52 and W53 measured by the molten KOH treatment at 500 ° C. is 8700 to 12000 / cm 2 before the epitaxial growth, but both are reduced to 38 to 260 / cm 2 after the epitaxial growth. It was confirmed. On the other hand, the TD density did not change to 300 / cm 2 before and after the epitaxial growth of any wafer.
- the surface of the epitaxial growth layer on the wafers W52 and W53 was subjected to a CMP process to reduce the arithmetic average roughness (Ra) of the surface from 1 nm to 0.2 nm.
- a fragile layer was provided on the surface of each epitaxial growth layer of the wafers W52 and W53 (corresponding to the ion implantation region 5 ion in FIG. 6C). That is, hydrogen ions were implanted into the surfaces of the epitaxial growth layers of the wafers W52 and W53 to form an ion implantation region 5 ion shown in FIG.
- the dose of implanted hydrogen ions (H + ) was 1.0 ⁇ 10 17 atoms / cm 2, and the acceleration energy of ions was 65 keV so that the fragile layer had a depth of 400 nm.
- the wafers W51, W52, and W53 were simultaneously cleaned under the same processing conditions with a mixed acid of hydrogen peroxide and sulfuric acid (SPM cleaning), and the oxide film on the surface was removed by dilute hydrofluoric acid processing (HF processing).
- SPM cleaning a mixed acid of hydrogen peroxide and sulfuric acid
- HF processing dilute hydrofluoric acid processing
- the substrate surface was hydrogen-terminated by performing a heat treatment at 700 ° C. for 10 minutes in a hydrogen atmosphere, and the polarities of the respective substrates were made uniform.
- the surfaces of the wafers W52 and W53 were respectively brought into contact with and bonded to the surface of the wafer W51 (corresponding to the process shown in FIG. 6D). However, the surface of each wafer before contact is activated by irradiation with Ar plasma under the same processing conditions.
- the orientation flat directions of the wafers W52 and W53 are aligned with the orientation flat orientation of the wafer W51 (that is, the first orientation flats of the wafers are aligned with each other). And the second orientation flats are precisely aligned) so that the crystal plane shift in the [11-20] orientation is 20 arcsec or less.
- Si-Si bonds exist at the interface between the wafer W51 and the wafer W52 because the Si polar surfaces face each other. That is, there is a monopolar unipolar antiphase region boundary (APB) plane.
- APB monopolar unipolar antiphase region boundary
- the C polarity surface of the wafer W53 faces the Si polarity surface of the wafer W51. Therefore, the interface is formed by Si—C bonds and there is no APB surface.
- the bonded body of wafers W51 and W52 and the bonded body of wafers W51 and W53 are heated to 800 ° C. to cause breakage in the fragile layer formed by hydrogen ion implantation, and only the thin film layer having a thickness of 400 nm is transferred to wafer W51. It remained (transferred) on the surface (corresponding to the process shown in FIG. 6E).
- the wafer in which the thin film layer on the wafer W52 side is transferred to the surface of the wafer W51 due to breakage is called W512
- the wafer in which the thin film layer on the wafer W53 side is transferred to the surface of the wafer W51 is called W513.
- the CMP process was performed to reduce the surface arithmetic average roughness Ra to 0.2 nm or less.
- the flow rates of SiH 4 gas and C 3 H 8 gas are 10 sccm and 8 sccm, respectively, similarly to the epitaxial growth on wafer W52, and for wafer W512, the same as wafer W53.
- the flow rates of SiH 4 gas and C 3 H 8 gas were 8 sccm and 10 sccm, respectively.
- the treatment was continued for 75 minutes under these conditions, and 10 ⁇ m homoepitaxial growth was performed.
- the homoepitaxial growth layer showed n-type conductivity and the residual carrier concentration was 3 ⁇ 10 15 / cm 3, which was confirmed by CV measurement performed later.
- the etching of defects is promoted by placing potassium hydroxide on the surface and heating and melting at 500 ° C. for 5 minutes. And actualized.
- the BPD density on the surface of the wafer W512 remained at 42 to 292 / cm 2 which was about the same as that before the epitaxial growth. Increased to ⁇ 18000 / cm 2 .
- Example 6 In Example 5, a laminated substrate was fabricated and evaluated using the single crystal substrate with its A and B surfaces interchanged.
- three types of single crystal 6H—SiC substrates were prepared.
- the first wafer W61 two sheets
- the first wafer W61 serves as a support substrate portion of the laminated body (corresponding to the substrate 5b in FIG. 6), and is inclined by 4 degrees in the [11-20] direction from the normal axis of the surface.
- the (000-1) C plane was oriented.
- the second wafer W62 (one piece) (corresponding to the substrate 5a in FIG. 6) has a (000-1) C plane in a direction inclined by 4 degrees in the [-1-120] direction from the normal axis of the surface. Oriented.
- the third wafer W63 (1 sheet) (for comparison) had a (0001) Si plane oriented in a direction inclined by 4 degrees in the [-1-120] direction from the normal axis of the surface.
- Each wafer was provided with a first orientation flat parallel to the [11-20] orientation and a second orientation flat parallel to the [1-100] orientation.
- the length of the first orientation flat was 38.5 mm
- the length of the second orientation flat was 18 mm.
- the wafer W61 was processed so that the first orientation flat was in the 6 o'clock direction of the watch and the second orientation flat was in the 3 o'clock direction of the watch when the surface was viewed.
- the wafers W62 and W63 were processed so that the first orientation flat was in the 6 o'clock direction of the watch and the second orientation flat was in the 9 o'clock direction of the watch when the surface was viewed.
- Each wafer thickness is 0.5 mm.
- Such wafers W61, W62, and W63 were simultaneously subjected to the same processing conditions, after SPM cleaning, and the oxide film on the surface was removed by HF processing.
- the flow rate of SiH 4 gas and a C 3 H 8 gas is for wafer W62 and respectively 8 sccm and 10 sccm
- SiH 4 gas to the wafer W63 and a C 3 H 8 gas is the flow rate of each was 10 sccm and 8 sccm.
- the growth rate of SiC under each condition was about 8 ⁇ m / h.
- the BPD density of the wafers W62 and W63 measured by the molten KOH treatment at 500 ° C. is 8700 to 12000 / cm 2 before the epitaxial growth, but both are reduced to 29 to 84 / cm 2 after the epitaxial growth. It was confirmed. On the other hand, the TD density did not change to 300 / cm 2 before and after the epitaxial growth of any wafer.
- the surface of the epitaxial growth layer on the wafers W62 and W63 was subjected to CMP to reduce the arithmetic average roughness (Ra) of the surface from 1 nm to 0.2 nm.
- a fragile layer was provided on the epitaxial growth layer surface of each of the wafers W62 and W63 (corresponding to the ion implantation region 5 ion in FIG. 6C). That is, hydrogen ions were implanted into the surfaces of the epitaxial growth layers of the wafers W62 and W63 to form an ion implantation region 5 ion shown in FIG.
- the dose of implanted hydrogen ions (H + ) was 1.0 ⁇ 10 17 atoms / cm 2, and the acceleration energy of ions was 65 keV so that the fragile layer had a depth of 400 nm.
- wafers W61, W62, and W63 were simultaneously cleaned under the same processing conditions with a mixed acid of hydrogen peroxide and sulfuric acid (SPM cleaning), and the oxide film on the surface was removed by dilute hydrofluoric acid processing (HF processing).
- SPM cleaning a mixed acid of hydrogen peroxide and sulfuric acid
- HF processing dilute hydrofluoric acid processing
- the substrate surface was hydrogen-terminated by performing a heat treatment at 700 ° C. for 10 minutes in a hydrogen atmosphere, and the polarities of the respective substrates were made uniform.
- the surfaces of the wafers W62 and W63 were respectively brought into contact with and bonded to the surface of the wafer W61 (corresponding to the process shown in FIG. 6D). However, the surface of each wafer before contact is activated by irradiation with Ar plasma under the same processing conditions.
- the orientation flat directions of the wafers W62 and W63 are made to coincide with the orientation flat orientation of the wafer W61 (that is, the first orientation flats of the wafers are aligned with each other).
- the second orientation flats are precisely aligned) so that the crystal plane shift in the [11-20] orientation is 20 arcsec or less.
- the density of mismatched interfaces interfaces where the crystal lattice is discontinuous between the wafers W61 and W62 and between the wafers W61 and W63 is reduced to a negligible level.
- the C-polar planes are opposed to each other at the interface between the wafer W61 and the wafer W62. ing. That is, there is a monopolar unipolar antiphase region boundary (APB) plane.
- APB monopolar unipolar antiphase region boundary
- the Si polar surface of the wafer W63 faces the C polar surface of the wafer W61. Therefore, the interface is formed by Si—C bonds and there is no APB surface.
- the bonded body of wafers W61 and W62 and the bonded body of wafers W61 and W63 are heated to 800 ° C. to cause breakage in the fragile layer formed by hydrogen ion implantation, and only the thin film layer having a thickness of 400 nm is transferred to wafer W61. It remained (transferred) on the surface (corresponding to the process shown in FIG. 6E).
- a wafer in which the thin film layer on the wafer W62 side is transferred to the surface of the wafer W61 due to breakage is referred to as W612, and a wafer in which the thin film layer on the wafer W63 side is transferred to the surface of the wafer W61 is referred to as W613.
- wafers W612 and W613 Prior to homoepitaxial growth, wafers W612 and W613 were separately placed in an epitaxial growth apparatus, 3 slm hydrogen was introduced, and the temperature was raised to 1550 ° C. under a pressure of 13 Pa. In order to make the temperature inside the epitaxial growth apparatus uniform, 10 minutes after the temperature reached 1550 ° C., SiH 4 gas and C 3 H 8 gas were additionally introduced to start epitaxial growth.
- the flow rates of SiH 4 gas and C 3 H 8 gas are 8 sccm and 10 sccm, respectively, as in the epitaxial growth on wafer W62, and for wafer W612, the same as wafer W63
- the flow rates of SiH 4 gas and C 3 H 8 gas were 10 sccm and 8 sccm, respectively.
- the treatment was continued for 75 minutes under these conditions, and 10 ⁇ m homoepitaxial growth was performed.
- the homoepitaxial growth layer showed n-type conductivity and the residual carrier concentration was 3 ⁇ 10 15 / cm 3, which was confirmed by CV measurement performed later.
- potassium hydroxide is placed on the surface and heated at 500 ° C. for 5 minutes to melt, thereby promoting defect etching. And actualized.
- the BPD density on the surface of the wafer W612 remained at 31 to 94 / cm 2 which was the same as that before the epitaxial growth, but the BPD density on the surface of the wafer W613 was 312 as in the surface of the wafer W61 before the epitaxial growth. Increased to 824 / cm 2 .
- Example 7 In Example 3, a multilayer substrate was manufactured and evaluated by changing to a single crystal substrate having a different crystal structure (crystal polymorph).
- three types of single crystal 3C—SiC substrates were prepared.
- the first wafer W71 (two sheets) is a support substrate portion of the laminated body (corresponding to the substrate 5b in FIG. 6), and has the (111) Si surface as the surface.
- the second wafer W72 (one) (corresponding to the substrate 5a in FIG. 6) also has the (111) Si surface as the surface.
- the third wafer W73 (one) (for comparison) has the (-1-1-1) C surface as its surface.
- Each wafer was provided with a first orientation flat parallel to the [110] orientation and a second orientation flat parallel to the [1-10] orientation.
- the length of the first orientation flat was 38.5 mm
- the length of the second orientation flat was 18 mm.
- the wafer W71 was processed so that the first orientation flat was in the 6 o'clock direction of the watch and the second orientation flat was in the 3 o'clock direction of the watch when the surface was viewed.
- the wafers W72 and W73 were processed so that the first orientation flat was in the 6 o'clock direction of the watch and the second orientation flat was in the 9 o'clock direction of the watch when the surface was viewed.
- Each wafer thickness is 0.5 mm.
- Such wafers W71, W72, and W73 were simultaneously subjected to SPM cleaning under the same processing conditions, and the oxide film on the surface was removed by HF processing.
- the flow rates of SiH 2 Cl 2 gas and C 2 H 2 gas to the wafer W72 were 50 sccm and 12 sccm, respectively, and the flow rates of SiH 2 Cl 2 gas and C 2 H 2 gas to the wafer W73 were 50 sccm and 14 sccm, respectively.
- the reason why the flow rate of the C 2 H 2 gas is changed in the wafers W72 and W73 is that the supersaturation degree of the surface changes according to the difference in the polar face (Si face and C face) of each surface, and the optimal epitaxial growth. This is because the conditions change.
- the SiC growth rate under each condition was about 21 ⁇ m / h.
- the homo-epitaxial growth layer (corresponding to the homo-epitaxial layer 5e in FIG. 6 (b)) exhibits n-type conductivity, and the capacitance-voltage measurement carried out later (remaining carrier concentration 2 ⁇ 10 16 / cm 3 ) ( CV measurement).
- the SF density of the epitaxial growth layers was 368 to 890 / cm 2 . .
- the surface of the epitaxial growth layer on the wafers W72 and W73 was subjected to CMP treatment to reduce the arithmetic average roughness (Ra) of the surface from 1 nm to 0.2 nm.
- a fragile layer was provided on the epitaxial growth layer surface of each of the wafers W72 and W73 (corresponding to the ion implantation region 5 ion in FIG. 6C). That is, hydrogen ions were implanted into the epitaxial growth layer surfaces of the wafers W72 and W73 to form an ion implantation region 5 ion shown in FIG.
- the dose of implanted hydrogen ions (H + ) was 1.0 ⁇ 10 17 atoms / cm 2, and the acceleration energy of ions was 65 keV so that the fragile layer had a depth of 400 nm.
- the wafers W71, W72, and W73 were simultaneously cleaned under the same processing conditions with a mixed acid of hydrogen peroxide and sulfuric acid (SPM cleaning), and then the oxide film on the surface was removed by dilute hydrofluoric acid processing (HF processing).
- HF processing dilute hydrofluoric acid processing
- the substrate surface was hydrogen-terminated by performing a heat treatment at 700 ° C. for 10 minutes in a hydrogen atmosphere, and the polarities of the respective substrates were made uniform.
- the surfaces of the wafers W72 and W73 were respectively brought into contact with and bonded to the surface of the wafer W71 (corresponding to the process shown in FIG. 6D). However, each wafer surface before contact is activated by irradiation with Ar plasma.
- the orientation flat directions of the wafers W72 and W73 are aligned with the orientation flat orientation of the wafer W71 (that is, the first orientation flats of the wafers are aligned with each other).
- the second orientation flats are precisely aligned with each other) so that the deviation of the crystal plane in the [110] orientation is 20 arcsec or less.
- the mismatch interface density between the wafers W71 and W72 and between the wafers W71 and W73 is reduced to a negligible level.
- Si-Si bonds exist at the interface between the wafer W71 and the wafer W72 because the Si polar faces face each other. That is, there is a monopolar unipolar antiphase region boundary (APB) plane.
- APB monopolar unipolar antiphase region boundary
- the C polarity surface of the wafer W73 faces the Si polarity surface of the wafer W71. Therefore, the interface is formed by Si—C bonds and there is no APB surface.
- the bonded body of wafers W71 and W72 and the bonded body of wafers W71 and W73 are heated to 800 ° C. to cause breakage in the fragile layer formed by hydrogen ion implantation, and only the thin film layer having a thickness of 400 nm is transferred to wafer W71. It remained (transferred) on the surface (corresponding to the process shown in FIG. 6E).
- a wafer in which the thin film layer on the wafer W72 side is transferred to the surface of the wafer W71 due to breakage is referred to as W712, and a wafer in which the thin film layer on the wafer W73 side is transferred to the surface of the wafer W71 is referred to as W713.
- the CMP process was performed to reduce the surface arithmetic average roughness Ra to 0.2 nm or less.
- SiH 2 Cl 2 gas and C 2 H 2 gas flow rate were respectively 50sccm and 14sccm for the wafer W712, SiH 2 Cl 2 gas to the wafer W713 and C 2 H 2 gas flow rate was 50sccm and 12sccm respectively.
- the treatment was continued for 29 minutes under these conditions, and 10 ⁇ m homoepitaxial growth was performed.
- the homoepitaxial growth layer showed n-type conductivity, and the residual carrier concentration was 2 ⁇ 10 16 / cm 3, which was confirmed by CV measurement performed later.
- the etching of defects is promoted by placing potassium hydroxide on the surface and heating and melting at 500 ° C. for 5 minutes. And actualized.
- the SF density on the surface of the wafer W712 was only 456 to 917 / cm 2 , which was the same as before the epitaxial growth, but the SF density on the surface of the wafer W713 was increased to 16000 to 23000 / cm 2 .
- Example 8 In Example 7, a laminated substrate was fabricated and evaluated using the single crystal substrate with its A and B surfaces interchanged.
- three types of single crystal 3C—SiC substrates were prepared.
- the first wafer W81 (two sheets) is a support substrate portion of the laminated body (corresponding to the substrate 5b in FIG. 6), and has a (-1-1-1) C surface as a surface.
- the second wafer W82 (one piece) (corresponding to the substrate 5a in FIG. 6) also has the (-1-1-1) C plane as the surface.
- the third wafer W83 (one) (for comparison) has the (111) Si surface as the surface.
- Each wafer was provided with a first orientation flat parallel to the [110] orientation and a second orientation flat parallel to the [1-10] orientation.
- the length of the first orientation flat was 38.5 mm, and the length of the second orientation flat was 18 mm.
- the wafer W81 was processed so that the first orientation flat was in the 6 o'clock direction and the second orientation flat was in the 3 o'clock direction when the surface was viewed.
- the wafers W82 and W83 were processed so that when viewed from the surface, the first orientation flat had a 6 o'clock direction and the second orientation flat had a 9 o'clock position.
- Each wafer thickness is 0.5 mm.
- Such wafers W81, W82, and W83 were simultaneously subjected to SPM cleaning under the same processing conditions, and then the oxide film on the surface was removed by HF processing.
- wafers W82 and W83 were separately placed in an epitaxial growth apparatus, 500 sccm of hydrogen was introduced, and the temperature was raised to 1350 ° C. under a pressure of 1 Pa. In order to make the temperature inside the epitaxial growth apparatus uniform, 10 minutes after the temperature reached 1350 ° C., SiH 2 Cl 2 gas and C 2 H 2 gas were additionally introduced to start epitaxial growth.
- the flow rates of SiH 2 Cl 2 gas and C 2 H 2 gas to the wafer W82 were 50 sccm and 14 sccm, respectively, and the flow rates of SiH 2 Cl 2 gas and C 2 H 2 gas to the wafer W83 were 50 sccm and 12 sccm, respectively.
- the SiC growth rate under each condition was about 21 ⁇ m / h.
- the homo-epitaxial growth layer (corresponding to the homo-epitaxial layer 5e in FIG. 6 (b)) exhibits n-type conductivity, and the capacitance-voltage measurement carried out later (remaining carrier concentration 2 ⁇ 10 16 / cm 3 ) ( CV measurement).
- the SF density of the epitaxial growth layers was 244 to 883 / cm 2 .
- the surface of the epitaxial growth layer on the wafers W82 and W83 was subjected to CMP treatment to reduce the arithmetic average roughness (Ra) of the surface from 1 nm to 0.2 nm.
- a fragile layer was provided on the epitaxial growth layer surface of each of the wafers W82 and W83 (corresponding to the ion implantation region 5 ion in FIG. 6C). That is, hydrogen ions were implanted into the surfaces of the epitaxial growth layers of the wafers W82 and W83 to form an ion implantation region 5 ion shown in FIG.
- the dose of implanted hydrogen ions (H + ) was 1.0 ⁇ 10 17 atoms / cm 2, and the acceleration energy of ions was 65 keV so that the fragile layer had a depth of 400 nm.
- the wafers W81, W82, and W83 were simultaneously cleaned with a mixed acid of hydrogen peroxide and sulfuric acid (SPM cleaning) under the same processing conditions, and the oxide film on the surface was removed by dilute hydrofluoric acid processing (HF processing).
- SPM cleaning a mixed acid of hydrogen peroxide and sulfuric acid
- HF processing dilute hydrofluoric acid processing
- the substrate surface was hydrogen-terminated by performing a heat treatment at 700 ° C. for 10 minutes in a hydrogen atmosphere, and the polarities of the respective substrates were made uniform.
- the surfaces of the wafers W82 and W83 were respectively brought into contact with and bonded to the surface of the wafer W81 (corresponding to the process shown in FIG. 6D). However, the surface of each wafer before contact is activated by irradiation with Ar plasma under the same processing conditions.
- the orientation flat directions of the wafers W82 and W83 are aligned with the orientation flat orientation of the wafer W81 (that is, the first orientation flats of the wafers are aligned with each other).
- the second orientation flats are precisely aligned with each other) so that the deviation of the crystal plane in the [110] orientation is 20 arcsec or less. As a result, the mismatch interface density between the wafers W81 and W82 and between the wafers W81 and W83 is reduced to a negligible level.
- the bonded body of wafers W81 and W82 and the bonded body of wafers W81 and W83 are heated to 800 ° C. to cause breakage in the fragile layer formed by hydrogen ion implantation, and only the thin film layer having a thickness of 400 nm is transferred to wafer W81. It remained (transferred) on the surface (corresponding to the process shown in FIG. 6E).
- a wafer in which the thin film layer on the wafer W82 side is transferred to the surface of the wafer W81 due to breakage is called W812, and a wafer in which the thin film layer on the wafer W83 side is transferred to the surface of the wafer W81 is called W813.
- the flow rates of SiH 2 Cl 2 gas and C 2 H 2 gas to the wafer W 812 were 50 sccm and 12 sccm, respectively, and the flow rates of SiH 2 Cl 2 gas and C 2 H 2 gas to the wafer W 813 were 50 sccm and 14 sccm, respectively.
- the treatment was continued for 21 minutes, and homoepitaxial growth of 10 ⁇ m was performed.
- the homoepitaxial growth layer showed n-type conductivity, and the residual carrier concentration was 2 ⁇ 10 16 / cm 3, which was confirmed by CV measurement performed later.
- the etching of defects is promoted by placing potassium hydroxide on the surface and heating and melting at 500 ° C. for 5 minutes. And actualized.
- the SF density on the surface of the wafer W812 remained at 277 to 1000 / cm 2 which was the same as that before the epitaxial growth, but the SF density on the surface of the wafer W813 increased to 11000 to 34000 / cm 2 .
- Table 1 summarizes the results of the surface defect density of the epitaxially grown layers in the laminated substrates of Examples 3 to 8.
- the defect density in Examples 3 and 4 (4H—SiC) and Examples 5 and 6 (6H—SiC) is the BPD density
- the defect density in Examples 7 and 8 (3C—SiC) is the SF density.
- the laminated substrate of the present invention has the effect of suppressing defect propagation due to the unipolar APB surface.
- the present invention has been described with the embodiments so far, the present invention is not limited to these embodiments, and those skilled in the art can conceive other embodiments, additions, changes, deletions, and the like. It can be changed within the range, and any embodiment is included in the scope of the present invention as long as the effects of the present invention are exhibited.
- the vapor phase growth method using SiH 4 + C 3 H 8 + H 2 or SiH 2 Cl 2 + C 2 H 2 + H 2 system as a mixed gas is used for homoepitaxial growth on the substrate. This effect is exhibited regardless of the epitaxial growth method and the raw material. For example, the same effect can be obtained by using molecular beam epitaxy or solution growth.
- 1 Master Single crystal compound semiconductor master 1a, 1b, 2a, 2b, 3a, 3b, 4a, 4a '', 4b, 5a, 5b, 90 Compound semiconductor substrate 1ab, 2ab, 3ab, 4ab, 5eb Unipolar antiphase region boundary surface 1 cp1 , 1 cp2 polarity Surface 3 of Orientation Flat (Oriental Flat, OF) 3 n notches 4a ′, 5e ′ Compound semiconductor thin film 4 ion , 5 ion ion implantation region 5c Buffer layer 5e Homoepitaxial growth layers 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 Compound semiconductor laminated substrate 20f Surface 20r Back surface
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Recrystallisation Techniques (AREA)
Abstract
Description
即ち、特許文献2では、SiC半導体基板の製造方法として、貼り合わせ用の基板(n+型SiC基板11、12)の表裏面の面方位が(0001)Si面や(000-1)C面のジャスト面に対してオフ角を有したオフ基板を使用してもよく、このときの基板11、12間でオフ方向やオフ角度が違っていてもよいとしている(段落[0042])。これは、特許文献2では貼り合わせる面同士の結晶方位を限定していないこと、そして結晶軸の回転も考慮していないことを意味しており、上記のような欠陥発生の主要因となる。例えば、貼り合わせ面の方位を特定せず異なる傾斜角を有する結晶面を貼り合わせると、図8に示すように接合界面(一点鎖線で示した境界)に傾角粒界が発生し、結晶軸の回転を解消しないと(結晶軸を中心に回転関係のある結晶面を貼り合わせると)、接合界面(図中、点線で囲んだ領域)に図9に示すようなねじれ粒界が発生する。
このうち、図10では、結晶格子のシャッフルセット(shuffle-set)にAPB面が存在するものであり表裏面に露出する元素とは異なる元素でAPB面が構成される。一方、図11では、結晶格子のグライドセット(glide-set)にAPB面が存在するものであり表裏面に露出する元素と同一の元素でAPB面が構成される。いずれの構造も単一の元素でAPB面が構成されているので、単極性APB面と呼ぶこととする。
即ち、基板表裏の極性面を等しくし、かつパワー半導体素子の材料として使用するためには、その接合面の結晶格子は連続しており(整合界面)、かつ形成されるAPB面は単極性(即ち、特定の一つの元素同士の結合のみによって形成されたもの:図10か図11のいずれか一方のタイプ)であることが必要である。
まず、化合物半導体の単結晶(化合物半導体結晶ともいう)の極性面は最密面に現れること、そして該結晶における特定の極性面の反対側の面も極性面であり、その極性は異なるものであることに注目した。即ち、最密面が表面と裏面に露出するように化合物半導体結晶を平板状に加工すると、その平板の表面側と裏面側は異なる極性面となる。これは、磁石の一方がN極であれば、その反対側は、必ずS極になることと同じと考えればよい。
本発明者らは、以上のように得られた知見に基づいて更に検討を行い、本発明を成すに至った。
〔1〕 A及びBを構成元素として含む同一組成で同一の原子配列を有する2枚の単結晶の化合物半導体基板が直接貼り合わされて積層された基板であって、その積層基板の表裏面がA又はBの同種の原子からなる極性面であり、積層界面がB又はAのいずれか一方の原子同士の結合からなると共にそれらの結晶格子が整合している単極性の反位相領域境界面であることを特徴とする化合物半導体積層基板。
〔2〕 炭化珪素、窒化ガリウム、ガリウム砒素、ガリウム燐、インジウム燐、窒化アルミニウム又はインジウムアンチモンからなることを特徴とする〔1〕記載の化合物半導体積層基板。
〔3〕 積層された化合物半導体基板はそれぞれ均一な厚みを有する〔1〕又は〔2〕記載の化合物半導体積層基板。
〔4〕 上記2枚の化合物半導体基板の一方が化合物半導体の薄膜である〔1〕~〔3〕のいずれかに記載の化合物半導体積層基板。
〔5〕 上記2枚の化合物半導体基板の一方がエピタキシャル成長膜である〔4〕記載の化合物半導体積層基板。
〔6〕 一方の主面をA原子からなる極性面であるA面とし、他方の主面をB原子からなる極性面であるB面とした、A及びBを構成元素として含む同一組成で同一の原子配列を有する単結晶の化合物半導体基板を2枚用意し、この2枚の化合物半導体基板のB面同士又はA面同士を両基板のそれぞれ特定の結晶面を揃えた状態で直接貼り合わせて上記2枚の化合物半導体基板を積層し、該積層基板の表裏面がA又はBの同種の原子からなる極性面であり、積層界面がB又はAのいずれか一方の原子同士の結合からなると共にそれらの結晶格子が整合している単極性の反位相領域境界面となった化合物半導体積層基板を得ることを特徴とする化合物半導体積層基板の製造方法。
〔7〕 上記化合物半導体基板の特定の結晶面を識別可能に付与されたオリエンテーションフラット又はノッチを両基板間で所定の位置関係とすることで上記それぞれ特定の結晶面を揃える〔6〕記載の化合物半導体積層基板の製造方法。
〔8〕 上記2枚の化合物半導体基板のうち一方の化合物半導体基板について、他方の化合物半導体基板と接合する面に予めイオン注入を行っておき、上記接合した後にこのイオン注入領域で剥離させて化合物半導体基板の薄層化を行う〔6〕又は〔7〕記載の化合物半導体積層基板の製造方法。
〔9〕 上記2枚の化合物半導体基板のうち一方の化合物半導体基板は、他方の化合物半導体基板と接合する面に予め該一方の化合物半導体基板と同じ化合物のホモエピタキシャル成長層を形成したものである〔6〕又は〔7〕記載の化合物半導体積層基板の製造方法。
〔10〕 上記一方の化合物半導体基板とホモエピタキシャル成長層との間に同一化合物に不純物をドーピングしてなるバッファ層を設けている〔9〕記載の化合物半導体積層基板の製造方法。
〔11〕 上記ホモエピタキシャル成長層に予めイオン注入を行っておき、上記接合した後に化合物半導体基板の薄層化として、このイオン注入領域で剥離させて該ホモエピタキシャル成長層の一部を転写させることを行う〔9〕又は〔10〕記載の化合物半導体積層基板の製造方法。
〔12〕 上記2枚の化合物半導体基板は、同一の単結晶の化合物半導体基板から採取されたものである〔6〕~〔11〕のいずれかに記載の化合物半導体積層基板の製造方法。
〔13〕 上記2枚の化合物半導体基板について、同じ処理条件で同時に表面処理を施して両基板の接合面の表面状態を等価なものとする〔6〕~〔12〕のいずれかに記載の化合物半導体積層基板の製造方法。
〔14〕 上記接合前に、上記2枚の化合物半導体基板の両方の接合面に同じ処理条件で表面活性化処理を施す〔6〕~〔13〕のいずれかに記載の化合物半導体積層基板の製造方法。
〔15〕 〔1〕~〔5〕のいずれかに記載の化合物半導体積層基板を用いた半導体素子。
更に、本発明の化合物半導体積層基板はその内部に単一極性の反位相領域境界面を必須構成として含む。反位相領域境界面が単一極性であることから、半金属的な性質とはならず、半導体素子のブロッキング特性が保たれる。また、反位相領域境界面が結晶中の転位の運動(伝搬)を妨げるので、転位密度や積層欠陥密度の低減、並びに半導体素子の長期的安定性が確実なものとなる。
[化合物半導体積層基板]
図2に、本発明に係る化合物半導体積層基板の断面構成を示す。図2に示すように、化合物半導体積層基板20は、同一組成で同一の原子配列を有する2枚の単結晶の化合物半導体基板2a、2bが直接貼り合わされて積層された基板であって、その積層基板20の表裏面が化合物半導体基板2a、2bを構成する複数の元素の中の同種(いずれか1つ)の元素の原子からなると共に該原子の未結合手が露出した極性面であり、その積層界面が積層基板20の表面(表面20f及び裏面20r)に平行で、化合物半導体基板2a、2bを構成する複数の元素の中のいずれか1つの同種の元素の原子同士の結合からなると共にそれらの結晶格子が整合している単極性の反位相領域境界面2abであることを特徴とする。あるいは、化合物半導体積層基板20は、A及びBを構成元素として含む同一組成で同一の原子配列を有する2枚の単結晶の化合物半導体基板2a、2bが直接貼り合わされて積層された基板であって、その積層基板20の表裏面がA又はBの同種(いずれか一方)の原子からなると共に該原子の未結合手が露出した極性面であり、その積層界面が積層基板20の表面(表面20f及び裏面20r)に平行で、B又はAのいずれか一方の原子同士の結合からなると共にそれらの結晶格子が整合している単極性の反位相領域境界面2abであることを特徴とする。
また、その積層界面が単極性の反位相領域境界面2abであることから、半金属的な性質とはならず、半導体素子のブロッキング特性が保たれる。また、反位相領域境界面2abが結晶中の転位の運動(伝搬)を妨げるので、転位密度や積層欠陥密度の低減、並びに半導体素子の長期的安定性が確実なものとなる。なお、半導体素子のブロッキング特性とは、該半導体素子の主電極間の特定方向に高い電位差を印加しても、主電極間に電流を流さない(又は流れにくくする)特性のことである。
この効果は、極性を有する化合物半導体結晶、例えば、炭化珪素、窒化ガリウム、ガリウム砒素、ガリウム燐、インジウム燐、窒化アルミニウム、インジウムアンチモンにおいて同様に発現する。
上述した本発明の化合物半導体積層基板の製造方法の実施形態1、2、3について説明する。
本発明に係る化合物半導体積層基板の製造方法の実施形態1について図3を用いて説明する。
はじめに、最密面を基板の表面と裏面に配向させた(基板の表裏面とした)単結晶の2枚の化合物半導体基板3a、3bを用意する(図3(a))。
また例えば、結晶系が立方晶の場合は最密面が{111}面となり、六方晶や菱面体の場合には最密面が{0001}面となる。
あるいは、上記水素処理の後に1600℃以上の昇温を行い、最表面に単層グラフェンを形成し、更にグラフェンを酸化して除去した表面同士を接合すれば、図11に示されるようなグライドセット位置のAPB面を接合界面として得ることも可能である。
本発明に係る化合物半導体積層基板の製造方法の実施形態2について図5を用いて説明する。
はじめに、最密面を基板の表面と裏面に配向させた単結晶の化合物半導体基板4a、4bを用意する(図5(a))。この化合物半導体基板4a、4bは、実施形態1における化合物半導体基板3a、3bと同じものとする。
本発明に係る化合物半導体積層基板の製造方法の実施形態3について図6を用いて説明する。実施形態3は、上記実施形態2における化合物半導体基板4aとして、その基板4aの化合物半導体基板4bと接合する面に予めホモエピタキシャル成長層を形成したものを用いる場合である。
実施形態1に相当する、図3(c)に示す単極性の反位相領域境界面(APB面)を有する化合物半導体積層基板30と単極性APB面を有さない積層基板とを作製し、評価した。
まず、II-VI社製の直径4インチの単結晶4H-SiCウエハを4種類用意した。第1のウエハW11(4枚)と第2のウエハW12(2枚)は表面を(0001)Si面とし、第3のウエハW13(1枚)は表面を(000-1)C面とした。それぞれのウエハの表面の法線軸と[0001]軸の公差は0.3度以内である。また、第4のウエハW14(1枚)は表面を(0001)Si面から[11-20]方位へ4度傾斜させた面とした。なお、それぞれのウエハには、[11-20]方位と平行な第1オリエンテーションフラットと[1-100]方位と平行な第2オリエンテーションフラットを設け、第1オリエンテーションフラットの長さは38.5mmとし、第2オリエンテーションフラットの長さは18mmとした。また、ウエハW11については、表面を見たとき、第1オリエンテーションフラットが時計の6時方向、第2オリエンテーションフラットが時計の3時方向の関係となるように加工した。ウエハW12、W13、W14については、表面を見たとき、第1オリエンテーションフラットが時計の6時方向、第2オリエンテーションフラットが時計の9時方向の関係となるように加工した。
また、ウエハW11は後述する貼り合わせ工程後に積層体の支持基板部分(基台)となる(図3の基板3bに相当する)ため、機械的強度を保つ必要があり、ウエハ厚さを0.5mmとした。一方、ウエハW12、W13、W14はいずれも厚さを0.15mmとした。
また、ウエハW11とウエハW12の組み合わせのうちの他の1組(比較2)におけるウエハW11の第1オリエンテーションフラットに対してウエハW12の第1オリエンテーションフラットが反時計方向に2度以上回転するようにした。このような回転により、後述する接合後の界面は整合界面とはならず、ねじれ粒界となる。
また、ウエハW11とウエハW14の組み合わせ(比較3)におけるそれぞれのウエハの第1オリエンテーションフラット同士、そして第2オリエンテーションフラット同士の位置が正確に一致するように、L字形状の石英治具を用いてオリエンテーションフラット端面を揃えた。この場合当接したウエハ端面の公差は20arcsec以内であった。なお、ウエハW11とウエハW14の組み合わせにおいては貼り合わせ界面においてウエハW11に対してウエハW14の結晶格子は傾斜しているため、後述する接合後の界面は整合界面とはならず、傾角粒界となる。
実施形態2に相当する、図5(d)に示す単極性の反位相領域境界面(APB面)を有する化合物半導体積層基板40と単極性APB面を有さない積層基板とを作製し、評価した。
まず、口径4インチの単結晶4H-SiC基板(ウエハ)を3種類準備した。このうち、第1のウエハW21(2枚)は積層体の支持基板部分となる(図5の基板4bに相当する)ものであり、その表面の法線軸から[11-20]方位に4度傾斜させた方向に(0001)Si面を配向させたものである。第2のウエハW22(1枚)(図5の基板4aに相当するもの)は、表面の法線軸から[-1-120]方位に4度傾斜させた方向に(0001)Si面を配向させたものである(転写基板)。第3のウエハW23(2枚)(比較用)は、表面の法線軸から[-1-120]方位に4度傾斜させた方向に(000-1)C面を配向させたものである(転写基板)。このように微傾斜基板を用いる理由は、[0001]軸方向の結晶面の積層順序を横方向に伝搬させて結晶のポリタイプを保つ(原子配列を保つ)ステップ制御エピタキシーを具現化するためである。また、対象面の微傾斜方向をウエハW21と、W22及びW23とで反対方向とした理由は、それぞれの表面を接合した際に傾角粒界の発生を抑制し、整合界面を形成するためである。
これにより、ウエハW21とウエハW22間、及びウエハW21とウエハW23間の不整合界面(結晶格子が不連続になっている界面)密度が無視し得る程度に低減する。
以上により、本発明の効果が検証された。
図6(e)に示す単極性反位相領域境界面(APB面)を有する化合物半導体積層基板50と単極性APB面を有さない積層基板とを作製し、それらの基板上にホモエピタキシャル成長させた薄膜の基底面転位(BPD)密度を比較する。
まず、単結晶4H-SiC基板(ウエハ)を3種類準備した。第1のウエハW31(2枚)は積層体の支持基板部分となる(図6の基板5bに相当する)ものであり、その表面の法線軸から[11-20]方位に4度傾斜させた方向に(0001)Si面を配向させたものである。第2のウエハW32(1枚)(図6の基板5aに相当するもの)は、表面の法線軸から[-1-120]方位に4度傾斜させた方向に(0001)Si面を配向させたものである(転写基板)。第3のウエハW33(1枚)(比較用)は、表面の法線軸から[-1-120]方位に4度傾斜させた方向に(000-1)C面を配向させたものである(転写基板)。このように微傾斜基板を用いる理由は、[0001]軸方向の結晶面の積層順序を横方向に伝搬させて結晶のポリタイプを保つ(原子配列を保つ)ステップ制御エピタキシーを具現化するためである。また、対象面の微傾斜方向をウエハW31と、W32及びW33とで反対方向とした理由は、それぞれの表面を接合した際に傾角粒界や両極性の反位相領域境界面の発生を抑制し、整合界面を形成するためである。
また、それぞれのウエハには、[11-20]方位と平行な第1オリエンテーションフラットと[1-100]方位と平行な第2オリエンテーションフラットを設けた。第1オリエンテーションフラットの長さは38.5mmとし、第2オリエンテーションフラットの長さは18mmとした。また、ウエハW31については、表面を見たとき、第1オリエンテーションフラットが時計の6時方向、第2オリエンテーションフラットが時計の3時方向の関係となるように加工した。ウエハW32、W33については、表面を見たとき、第1オリエンテーションフラットが時計の6時方向、第2オリエンテーションフラットが時計の9時方向の関係となるように加工した。各ウエハ厚さは0.5mmである。
このようなウエハW31、W32、W33を硫酸と過酸化水素水の混合溶液で同時に同じ処理条件で、洗浄(SPM洗浄)後、希フッ酸処理(HF処理)により表面の酸化膜を除去した。
まずエピタキシャル成長に先立って、エピタキシャル成長装置内にウエハW32、W33を別個に配置後、3slmの水素を導入し、13Paの圧力下で1600℃まで昇温した。エピタキシャル成長装置内の温度を均一化させるため、温度が1600℃に到達してから10分後にSiH4ガスとC3H8ガスを追加導入してエピタキシャル成長を開始した。このとき、ウエハW32に対するSiH4ガスとC3H8ガスの流量をそれぞれ10sccmと8sccmとし、ウエハW33に対するSiH4ガスとC3H8ガスの流量をそれぞれ8sccmと10sccmとした。このように、ウエハW32、W33でガスの流量を変えた理由は、それぞれの表面の極性面の違い(Si面とC面)に応じて微傾斜面からの横方向成長を促進するための最適条件が変わるためである。
それぞれの条件によるSiCの成長速度は約8μm/hであることを、ウエハ表面の温度を測定する放射温度計の温度振動により確認した(測定方法は以下の実施例で同じ)。
次いで、厚さ1μmのバッファ層形成後に窒素ガス添加を停止して10μm厚のホモエピタキシャル成長を実施した。ホモエピタキシャル成長層(図6(b)のホモエピタキシャル層5eに相当する)はn型の電導性を示し、残留キャリア濃度は3×1015/cm3を示すことを後に実施した容量-電圧測定(CV測定)で確認した。
一方、TD密度はいずれのウエハもエピタキシャル成長前後で800/cm2と変化しなかった。
これにより、ウエハW31とウエハW32間、及びウエハW31とウエハW33間の不整合界面(結晶格子が不連続になっている界面)密度が無視し得る程度に低減する。
実施例3において、単結晶基板としてそのA面、B面を入れ替えて使用して積層基板を作製し評価した。
まず、単結晶4H-SiC基板(ウエハ)を3種類準備した。第1のウエハW41(2枚)は積層体の支持基板部分となる(図6の基板5bに相当する)もので、その表面の法線軸から[11-20]方位に4度傾斜させた方向に(000-1)C面を配向させたものとした。第2のウエハW42(1枚)(図6の基板5aに相当するもの)は、表面の法線軸から[-1-120]方位に4度傾斜させた方向に(000-1)C面を配向させたものとした。第3のウエハW43(1枚)(比較用)は、表面の法線軸から[-1-120]方位に4度傾斜させた方向に(0001)Si面を配向させたものとした。このように微傾斜基板を用いる理由は、[0001]軸方向の結晶面の積層順序を横方向に伝搬させて結晶のポリタイプを保つ(原子配列を保つ)ステップ制御エピタキシーを具現化するためである。また、対象面の微傾斜方向をウエハW41と、W42及びW43とで反対方向とした理由は、それぞれの表面を接合した際に傾角粒界の発生を抑制し、整合界面を形成するためである。
また、それぞれのウエハには、[11-20]方位と平行な第1オリエンテーションフラットと[1-100]方位と平行な第2オリエンテーションフラットを設けた。第1オリエンテーションフラットの長さは38.5mmとし、第2オリエンテーションフラットの長さは18mmとした。また、ウエハW41については、表面を見たとき、第1オリエンテーションフラットが時計の6時方向、第2オリエンテーションフラットが時計の3時方向の関係となるように加工した。ウエハW42、W43については、表面を見たとき、第1オリエンテーションフラットが時計の6時方向、第2オリエンテーションフラットが時計の9時方向の関係となるように加工した。各ウエハ厚さは0.5mmである。
このようなウエハW41、W42、W43を同時に同じ処理条件で、SPM洗浄後、HF処理により表面の酸化膜を除去した。
まずエピタキシャル成長に先立って、エピタキシャル成長装置内にウエハW42、W43を別個に配置後、3slmの水素を導入し、13Paの圧力下で1600℃まで昇温した。エピタキシャル成長装置内の温度を均一化させるため、温度が1600℃に到達してから10分後にSiH4ガスとC3H8ガスを追加導入してエピタキシャル成長を開始した。このとき、ウエハW42に対するSiH4ガスとC3H8ガスの流量をそれぞれ8sccmと10sccmとし、ウエハW43に対するSiH4ガスとC3H8ガスの流量をそれぞれ10sccmと8sccmとした。
それぞれの条件によるSiCの成長速度は約8μm/hであった。
次いで、厚さ1μmのバッファ層形成後に窒素ガス添加を停止して10μm厚のホモエピタキシャル成長を実施した。ホモエピタキシャル成長層(図6(b)のホモエピタキシャル層5eに相当する)はn型の電導性を示し、残留キャリア濃度は3×1015/cm3を示すことを後に実施した容量-電圧測定(CV測定)で確認した。
これにより、ウエハW41とウエハW42間、及びウエハW41とウエハW43間の不整合界面(結晶格子が不連続になっている界面)密度が無視し得る程度に低減する。
実施例3において、結晶構造(結晶の配列)の異なる単結晶基板に変更して積層基板を作製し評価した。
まず、単結晶6H-SiC基板(ウエハ)を3種類準備した。第1のウエハW51(2枚)は積層体の支持基板部分となる(図6の基板5bに相当する)ものであり、その表面の法線軸から[11-20]方位に4度傾斜させた方向に(0001)Si面を配向させたものである。第2のウエハW52(1枚)(図6の基板5aに相当するもの)は、表面の法線軸から[-1-120]方位に4度傾斜させた方向に(0001)Si面を配向させたものである。第3のウエハW53(1枚)(比較用)は、表面の法線軸から[-1-120]方位に4度傾斜させた方向に(000-1)C面を配向させたものである。
また、それぞれのウエハには、[11-20]方位と平行な第1オリエンテーションフラットと[1-100]方位と平行な第2オリエンテーションフラットを設けた。第1オリエンテーションフラットの長さは38.5mmとし、第2オリエンテーションフラットの長さは18mmとした。また、ウエハW51については、表面を見たとき、第1オリエンテーションフラットが時計の6時方向、第2オリエンテーションフラットが時計の3時方向の関係となるように加工した。ウエハW52、W53については、表面を見たとき、第1オリエンテーションフラットが時計の6時方向、第2オリエンテーションフラットが時計の9時方向の関係となるように加工した。各ウエハ厚さは0.5mmである。
このようなウエハW51、W52、W53を同時に同じ処理条件で、SPM洗浄後、HF処理により表面の酸化膜を除去した。
まずエピタキシャル成長に先立って、エピタキシャル成長装置内にウエハW52、W53を別個に配置後、3slmの水素を導入し、13Paの圧力下で1550℃まで昇温した。エピタキシャル成長装置内の温度を均一化させるため、温度が1550℃に到達してから10分後にSiH4ガスとC3H8ガスを追加導入してエピタキシャル成長を開始した。このとき、ウエハW52に対するSiH4ガスとC3H8ガスの流量をそれぞれ10sccmと8sccmとし、ウエハW53に対するSiH4ガスとC3H8ガスの流量をそれぞれ8sccmと10sccmとした。
それぞれの条件によるSiCの成長速度は約8μm/hであった。
次いで、厚さ1μmのバッファ層形成後に窒素ガス添加を停止して10μm厚のホモエピタキシャル成長を実施した。ホモエピタキシャル成長層(図6(b)のホモエピタキシャル層5eに相当する)はn型の電導性を示し、残留キャリア濃度は3×1015/cm3を示すことを後に実施した容量-電圧測定(CV測定)で確認した。
実施例5において、単結晶基板としてそのA面、B面を入れ替えて使用して積層基板を作製し評価した。
まず、単結晶6H-SiC基板(ウエハ)を3種類準備した。第1のウエハW61(2枚)は積層体の支持基板部分となる(図6の基板5bに相当する)もので、その表面の法線軸から[11-20]方位に4度傾斜させた方向に(000-1)C面を配向させたものとした。第2のウエハW62(1枚)(図6の基板5aに相当するもの)は、表面の法線軸から[-1-120]方位に4度傾斜させた方向に(000-1)C面を配向させたものとした。第3のウエハW63(1枚)(比較用)は、表面の法線軸から[-1-120]方位に4度傾斜させた方向に(0001)Si面を配向させたものとした。
また、それぞれのウエハには、[11-20]方位と平行な第1オリエンテーションフラットと[1-100]方位と平行な第2オリエンテーションフラットを設けた。第1オリエンテーションフラットの長さは38.5mmとし、第2オリエンテーションフラットの長さは18mmとした。また、ウエハW61については、表面を見たとき、第1オリエンテーションフラットが時計の6時方向、第2オリエンテーションフラットが時計の3時方向の関係となるように加工した。ウエハW62、W63については、表面を見たとき、第1オリエンテーションフラットが時計の6時方向、第2オリエンテーションフラットが時計の9時方向の関係となるように加工した。各ウエハ厚さは0.5mmである。
このようなウエハW61、W62、W63を同時に同じ処理条件で、SPM洗浄後、HF処理により表面の酸化膜を除去した。
まずエピタキシャル成長に先立って、エピタキシャル成長装置内にウエハW62、W63を別個に配置後、3slmの水素を導入し、13Paの圧力下で1550℃まで昇温した。エピタキシャル成長装置内の温度を均一化させるため、温度が1550℃に到達してから10分後にSiH4ガスとC3H8ガスを追加導入してエピタキシャル成長を開始した。このとき、ウエハW62に対するSiH4ガスとC3H8ガスの流量をそれぞれ8sccmと10sccmとし、ウエハW63に対するSiH4ガスとC3H8ガスの流量をそれぞれ10sccmと8sccmとした。
それぞれの条件によるSiCの成長速度は約8μm/hであった。
次いで、厚さ1μmのバッファ層形成後に窒素ガス添加を停止して10μm厚のホモエピタキシャル成長を実施した。ホモエピタキシャル成長層(図6(b)のホモエピタキシャル層5eに相当する)はn型の電導性を示し、残留キャリア濃度は3×1015/cm3を示すことを後に実施した容量-電圧測定(CV測定)で確認した。
これにより、ウエハW61とウエハW62間、及びウエハW61とウエハW63間の不整合界面(結晶格子が不連続になっている界面)密度が無視し得る程度に低減する。
実施例3において、結晶構造(結晶多形)の異なる単結晶基板に変更して積層基板を作製し評価した。
まず、単結晶3C-SiC基板(ウエハ)を3種類準備した。第1のウエハW71(2枚)は積層体の支持基板部分となる(図6の基板5bに相当する)ものであり、(111)Si面を表面とする。第2のウエハW72(1枚)(図6の基板5aに相当するもの)も、(111)Si面を表面とする。第3のウエハW73(1枚)(比較用)は、(-1-1-1)C面を表面とする。
また、それぞれのウエハには、[110]方位と平行な第1オリエンテーションフラットと[1-10]方位と平行な第2オリエンテーションフラットを設けた。第1オリエンテーションフラットの長さは38.5mmとし、第2オリエンテーションフラットの長さは18mmとした。また、ウエハW71については、表面を見たとき、第1オリエンテーションフラットが時計の6時方向、第2オリエンテーションフラットが時計の3時方向の関係となるように加工した。ウエハW72、W73については、表面を見たとき、第1オリエンテーションフラットが時計の6時方向、第2オリエンテーションフラットが時計の9時方向の関係となるように加工した。各ウエハ厚さは0.5mmである。
このようなウエハW71、W72、W73を同時に同じ処理条件で、SPM洗浄後、HF処理により表面の酸化膜を除去した。
まずエピタキシャル成長に先立って、エピタキシャル成長装置内にウエハW72、W73を別個に配置後、500sccmの水素を導入し、1Paの圧力下で1350℃まで昇温した。エピタキシャル成長装置内の温度を均一化させるため、温度が1350℃に到達してから10分後にSiH2Cl2ガスとC2H2ガスを追加導入してエピタキシャル成長を開始した。このとき、ウエハW72に対するSiH2Cl2ガスとC2H2ガスの流量をそれぞれ50sccmと12sccmとし、ウエハW73に対するSiH2Cl2ガスとC2H2ガスの流量をそれぞれ50sccmと14sccmとした。このように、ウエハW72、W73でC2H2ガスの流量を変えた理由は、それぞれの表面の極性面の違い(Si面とC面)に応じて表面の過飽和度が変わり、最適なエピタキシャル成長条件が変わるためである。
それぞれの条件によるSiCの成長速度は約21μm/hであった。
これにより、ウエハW71-W72間、及びウエハW71-W73間の不整合界面密度が無視し得る程度に低減する。
実施例7において、単結晶基板としてそのA面、B面を入れ替えて使用して積層基板を作製し評価した。
まず、単結晶3C-SiC基板(ウエハ)を3種類準備した。第1のウエハW81(2枚)は積層体の支持基板部分となる(図6の基板5bに相当する)ものであり、(-1-1-1)C面を表面とする。第2のウエハW82(1枚)(図6の基板5aに相当するもの)も、(-1-1-1)C面を表面とする。第3のウエハW83(1枚)(比較用)は、(111)Si面を表面とする。
また、それぞれのウエハには、[110]方位と平行な第1オリエンテーションフラットと[1-10]方位と平行な第2オリエンテーションフラットを設けた。第1オリエンテーションフラットの長さは38.5mmとし、第2オリエンテーションフラットの長さは18mmとした。また、ウエハW81については、表面を見たとき、第1オリエンテーションフラットが時計の6時方向、第2オリエンテーションフラットが時計の3時方向の関係となるように加工した。ウエハW82、W83については、表面を見たとき、第1オリエンテーションフラットが時計の6時方向、第2オリエンテーションフラットが時計の9時方向の関係となるように加工した。各ウエハ厚さは0.5mmである。
このようなウエハW81、W82、W83を同時に同じ処理条件で、SPM洗浄後、HF処理により表面の酸化膜を除去した。
まずエピタキシャル成長に先立って、エピタキシャル成長装置内にウエハW82、W83を別個に配置後、500sccmの水素を導入し、1Paの圧力下で1350℃まで昇温した。エピタキシャル成長装置内の温度を均一化させるため、温度が1350℃に到達してから10分後にSiH2Cl2ガスとC2H2ガスを追加導入してエピタキシャル成長を開始した。このとき、ウエハW82に対するSiH2Cl2ガスとC2H2ガスの流量をそれぞれ50sccmと14sccmとし、ウエハW83に対するSiH2Cl2ガスとC2H2ガスの流量をそれぞれ50sccmと12sccmとした。
それぞれの条件によるSiCの成長速度は約21μm/hであった。
これにより、ウエハW81-W82間、及びウエハW81-W83間の不整合界面密度が無視し得る程度に低減する。
表1に示すように、化合物半導体基板の結晶構造(結晶系、結晶配列)の違いにかかわらず、本発明の積層基板では単極性APB面による欠陥伝搬抑制の効果が得られる。
例えば、本実施例では、基板上のホモエピタキシャル成長に関して混合ガスとしてSiH4+C3H8+H2やSiH2Cl2+C2H2+H2系を用いた気相成長法を用いたが、本発明の効果はエピタキシャル成長の方式や原料にかかわらず発現し、例えば分子線エピタキシーや溶液成長を用いても同様な効果が得られる。
1a、1b、2a、2b、3a、3b、4a、4a''、4b、5a、5b、90 化合物半導体基板
1ab、2ab、3ab、4ab、5eb 単極性反位相領域境界面
1cp1、1cp2 極性面
3of オリエンテーションフラット(オリフラ、OF)
3n ノッチ
4a’、5e’ 化合物半導体薄膜
4ion、5ion イオン注入領域
5c バッファ層
5e ホモエピタキシャル成長層
10、20、30、40、50 化合物半導体積層基板
20f 表面
20r 裏面
Claims (15)
- A及びBを構成元素として含む同一組成で同一の原子配列を有する2枚の単結晶の化合物半導体基板が直接貼り合わされて積層された基板であって、その積層基板の表裏面がA又はBの同種の原子からなる極性面であり、積層界面がB又はAのいずれか一方の原子同士の結合からなると共にそれらの結晶格子が整合している単極性の反位相領域境界面であることを特徴とする化合物半導体積層基板。
- 炭化珪素、窒化ガリウム、ガリウム砒素、ガリウム燐、インジウム燐、窒化アルミニウム又はインジウムアンチモンからなることを特徴とする請求項1記載の化合物半導体積層基板。
- 積層された化合物半導体基板はそれぞれ均一な厚みを有する請求項1又は2記載の化合物半導体積層基板。
- 上記2枚の化合物半導体基板の一方が化合物半導体の薄膜である請求項1~3のいずれか1項記載の化合物半導体積層基板。
- 上記2枚の化合物半導体基板の一方がエピタキシャル成長膜である請求項4記載の化合物半導体積層基板。
- 一方の主面をA原子からなる極性面であるA面とし、他方の主面をB原子からなる極性面であるB面とした、A及びBを構成元素として含む同一組成で同一の原子配列を有する単結晶の化合物半導体基板を2枚用意し、この2枚の化合物半導体基板のB面同士又はA面同士を両基板のそれぞれ特定の結晶面を揃えた状態で直接貼り合わせて上記2枚の化合物半導体基板を積層し、該積層基板の表裏面がA又はBの同種の原子からなる極性面であり、積層界面がB又はAのいずれか一方の原子同士の結合からなると共にそれらの結晶格子が整合している単極性の反位相領域境界面となった化合物半導体積層基板を得ることを特徴とする化合物半導体積層基板の製造方法。
- 上記化合物半導体基板の特定の結晶面を識別可能に付与されたオリエンテーションフラット又はノッチを両基板間で所定の位置関係とすることで上記それぞれ特定の結晶面を揃える請求項6記載の化合物半導体積層基板の製造方法。
- 上記2枚の化合物半導体基板のうち一方の化合物半導体基板について、他方の化合物半導体基板と接合する面に予めイオン注入を行っておき、上記接合した後にこのイオン注入領域で剥離させて化合物半導体基板の薄層化を行う請求項6又は7記載の化合物半導体積層基板の製造方法。
- 上記2枚の化合物半導体基板のうち一方の化合物半導体基板は、他方の化合物半導体基板と接合する面に予め該一方の化合物半導体基板と同じ化合物のホモエピタキシャル成長層を形成したものである請求項6又は7記載の化合物半導体積層基板の製造方法。
- 上記一方の化合物半導体基板とホモエピタキシャル成長層との間に同一化合物に不純物をドーピングしてなるバッファ層を設けている請求項9記載の化合物半導体積層基板の製造方法。
- 上記ホモエピタキシャル成長層に予めイオン注入を行っておき、上記接合した後に化合物半導体基板の薄層化として、このイオン注入領域で剥離させて該ホモエピタキシャル成長層の一部を転写させることを行う請求項9又は10記載の化合物半導体積層基板の製造方法。
- 上記2枚の化合物半導体基板は、同一の単結晶の化合物半導体基板から採取されたものである請求項6~11のいずれか1項記載の化合物半導体積層基板の製造方法。
- 上記2枚の化合物半導体基板について、同じ処理条件で同時に表面処理を施して両基板の接合面の表面状態を等価なものとする請求項6~12のいずれか1項記載の化合物半導体積層基板の製造方法。
- 上記接合前に、上記2枚の化合物半導体基板の両方の接合面に同じ処理条件で表面活性化処理を施す請求項6~13のいずれか1項記載の化合物半導体積層基板の製造方法。
- 請求項1~5のいずれか1項記載の化合物半導体積層基板を用いた半導体素子。
Priority Applications (6)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2018568589A JP6721062B2 (ja) | 2017-02-16 | 2018-02-15 | 化合物半導体積層基板及びその製造方法、並びに半導体素子 |
| EP18754503.3A EP3584821B1 (en) | 2017-02-16 | 2018-02-15 | Compound semiconductor laminate substrate, method for manufacturing same, and semiconductor element |
| US16/484,285 US11177123B2 (en) | 2017-02-16 | 2018-02-15 | Compound semiconductor laminate substrate, method for manufacturing same, and semiconductor element |
| KR1020197026834A KR102481927B1 (ko) | 2017-02-16 | 2018-02-15 | 화합물 반도체 적층 기판, 그 제조 방법, 및 반도체 소자 |
| CN201880012091.7A CN110301033B (zh) | 2017-02-16 | 2018-02-15 | 化合物半导体层叠基板及其制造方法以及半导体元件 |
| RU2019128437A RU2753180C2 (ru) | 2017-02-16 | 2018-02-15 | Слоистая подложка из полупроводникового соединения, способ ее изготовления и полупроводниковый элемент |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2017027069 | 2017-02-16 | ||
| JP2017-027069 | 2017-02-16 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2018151189A1 true WO2018151189A1 (ja) | 2018-08-23 |
Family
ID=63170662
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2018/005169 Ceased WO2018151189A1 (ja) | 2017-02-16 | 2018-02-15 | 化合物半導体積層基板及びその製造方法、並びに半導体素子 |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US11177123B2 (ja) |
| EP (1) | EP3584821B1 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JP6721062B2 (ja) |
| KR (1) | KR102481927B1 (ja) |
| CN (1) | CN110301033B (ja) |
| RU (1) | RU2753180C2 (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2018151189A1 (ja) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2022140396A (ja) * | 2021-03-10 | 2022-09-26 | ファーウェイ デジタル パワー テクノロジーズ カンパニー リミテッド | 炭化シリコン基板、炭化シリコンデバイス、及びその基板薄化方法 |
| JP2023508834A (ja) * | 2019-12-30 | 2023-03-06 | ソイテック | 支持基板に単結晶薄層を備える複合構造体を製造するためのプロセス |
| JP2023068782A (ja) * | 2021-11-04 | 2023-05-18 | 株式会社サイコックス | 半導体基板とその製造方法 |
| JP2024073933A (ja) * | 2022-11-18 | 2024-05-30 | 信越半導体株式会社 | 半導体基板の製造方法、半導体基板、及び半導体装置 |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109300787B (zh) * | 2018-09-21 | 2019-07-12 | 苏州汉骅半导体有限公司 | 回收碳面极性碳化硅衬底的方法 |
| US20230136604A1 (en) * | 2020-03-31 | 2023-05-04 | Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. | Semiconductor device |
| FR3123759B1 (fr) * | 2021-06-03 | 2023-06-23 | Soitec Silicon On Insulator | Procede de fabrication d’une structure semi-conductrice comprenant une couche utile en carbure de silicium aux proprietes electriques ameliorees |
| FR3155091A1 (fr) * | 2023-11-03 | 2025-05-09 | Soitec | Substrat et son procédé de fabrication pour la réalisation d’un commutateur bidirectionnel à large bande interdite |
| CN117253790B (zh) * | 2023-11-17 | 2024-02-09 | 物元半导体技术(青岛)有限公司 | Igbt器件的制作方法及igbt器件 |
| KR102819863B1 (ko) * | 2024-08-30 | 2025-06-11 | 한국세라믹기술원 | 에피택셜 산화물 템플릿을 완충층으로 이용한 고품질 베타 산화갈륨 박막 구조물 및 그 제조 방법 |
Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS576432B2 (ja) | 1974-07-18 | 1982-02-04 | ||
| US5011549A (en) | 1987-10-26 | 1991-04-30 | North Carolina State University | Homoepitaxial growth of Alpha-SiC thin films and semiconductor devices fabricated thereon |
| JP2003119097A (ja) | 2001-10-12 | 2003-04-23 | Toyota Central Res & Dev Lab Inc | SiC単結晶及びその製造方法並びにSiC種結晶及びその製造方法 |
| JP2011084435A (ja) | 2009-10-15 | 2011-04-28 | Hoya Corp | 化合物単結晶およびその製造方法 |
| WO2012067105A1 (ja) | 2010-11-15 | 2012-05-24 | Hoya株式会社 | 炭化珪素基板、半導体素子ならびに炭化珪素基板の製造方法 |
| JP2012151177A (ja) | 2011-01-17 | 2012-08-09 | Denso Corp | 化合物半導体基板およびその製造方法 |
| JP2012250888A (ja) * | 2011-06-05 | 2012-12-20 | Toyota Central R&D Labs Inc | SiC単結晶及びその製造方法、並びに、SiCウェハ及び半導体デバイス |
| JP2013084781A (ja) * | 2011-10-11 | 2013-05-09 | Nippon Telegr & Teleph Corp <Ntt> | 半導体積層構造の製造方法 |
Family Cites Families (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5958132A (en) * | 1991-04-18 | 1999-09-28 | Nippon Steel Corporation | SiC single crystal and method for growth thereof |
| DE19712561C1 (de) * | 1997-03-25 | 1998-04-30 | Siemens Ag | SiC-Halbleiteranordnung mit hoher Kanalbeweglichkeit |
| JP3576432B2 (ja) | 1998-10-10 | 2004-10-13 | Hoya株式会社 | 炭化珪素膜及びその製造方法 |
| JP3707726B2 (ja) * | 2000-05-31 | 2005-10-19 | Hoya株式会社 | 炭化珪素の製造方法、複合材料の製造方法 |
| DE10247017B4 (de) * | 2001-10-12 | 2009-06-10 | Denso Corp., Kariya-shi | SiC-Einkristall, Verfahren zur Herstellung eines SiC-Einkristalls, SiC-Wafer mit einem Epitaxiefilm und Verfahren zur Herstellung eines SiC-Wafers, der einen Epitaxiefilm aufweist |
| JP4689153B2 (ja) * | 2003-07-18 | 2011-05-25 | 株式会社リコー | 積層基体および半導体デバイス |
| FI20045482A0 (fi) * | 2004-12-14 | 2004-12-14 | Optogan Oy | Matalamman dislokaatiotiheyden omaava puolijohdesubstraatti, ja menetelmä sen valmistamiseksi |
| JPWO2006114999A1 (ja) * | 2005-04-18 | 2008-12-18 | 国立大学法人京都大学 | 化合物半導体装置及び化合物半導体製造方法 |
| JP5023318B2 (ja) * | 2005-05-19 | 2012-09-12 | 国立大学法人三重大学 | 3−5族窒化物半導体積層基板、3−5族窒化物半導体自立基板の製造方法、及び半導体素子 |
| JP5307381B2 (ja) * | 2007-11-12 | 2013-10-02 | Hoya株式会社 | 半導体素子ならびに半導体素子製造法 |
| JP2009158867A (ja) * | 2007-12-27 | 2009-07-16 | Seiko Epson Corp | 積層基板、半導体装置および電子機器 |
| JP2010109015A (ja) * | 2008-10-28 | 2010-05-13 | Panasonic Electric Works Co Ltd | 半導体発光素子の製造方法 |
| KR101025980B1 (ko) * | 2008-11-28 | 2011-03-30 | 삼성엘이디 주식회사 | 질화물계 반도체 발광소자의 제조방법 |
| FI20115255A0 (fi) * | 2011-03-14 | 2011-03-14 | Optogan Oy | Yhdistelmäpuolijohdesubstraatti, puolijohdelaite, ja valmistusmenetelmä |
-
2018
- 2018-02-15 WO PCT/JP2018/005169 patent/WO2018151189A1/ja not_active Ceased
- 2018-02-15 CN CN201880012091.7A patent/CN110301033B/zh active Active
- 2018-02-15 JP JP2018568589A patent/JP6721062B2/ja active Active
- 2018-02-15 US US16/484,285 patent/US11177123B2/en active Active
- 2018-02-15 EP EP18754503.3A patent/EP3584821B1/en active Active
- 2018-02-15 RU RU2019128437A patent/RU2753180C2/ru active
- 2018-02-15 KR KR1020197026834A patent/KR102481927B1/ko active Active
Patent Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS576432B2 (ja) | 1974-07-18 | 1982-02-04 | ||
| US5011549A (en) | 1987-10-26 | 1991-04-30 | North Carolina State University | Homoepitaxial growth of Alpha-SiC thin films and semiconductor devices fabricated thereon |
| JP2003119097A (ja) | 2001-10-12 | 2003-04-23 | Toyota Central Res & Dev Lab Inc | SiC単結晶及びその製造方法並びにSiC種結晶及びその製造方法 |
| JP2011084435A (ja) | 2009-10-15 | 2011-04-28 | Hoya Corp | 化合物単結晶およびその製造方法 |
| WO2012067105A1 (ja) | 2010-11-15 | 2012-05-24 | Hoya株式会社 | 炭化珪素基板、半導体素子ならびに炭化珪素基板の製造方法 |
| JP2012151177A (ja) | 2011-01-17 | 2012-08-09 | Denso Corp | 化合物半導体基板およびその製造方法 |
| JP2012250888A (ja) * | 2011-06-05 | 2012-12-20 | Toyota Central R&D Labs Inc | SiC単結晶及びその製造方法、並びに、SiCウェハ及び半導体デバイス |
| JP2013084781A (ja) * | 2011-10-11 | 2013-05-09 | Nippon Telegr & Teleph Corp <Ntt> | 半導体積層構造の製造方法 |
Non-Patent Citations (4)
| Title |
|---|
| H. NAGASAWAR. GURUNATHANM. SUEMITSU, MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM, vol. 821-823, 2015, pages 108 - 114 |
| NAOKI HATTATAKAMITSU KAWAHARAKUNIAKI YAGIHIROYUKI NAGASAWASERGEY RESHANOVADOLF SCHONER, MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM, vol. 717-720, 2012, pages 173 - 176 |
| See also references of EP3584821A4 |
| T. KAWAHARAN. NATTAK. YAGIH. UCHIDAM. KOBAYASHIM. ABEH. NAGASAWAB. ZIPPELIUSG. PENSL, MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM, vol. 645-648, 2010, pages 339 - 342 |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2023508834A (ja) * | 2019-12-30 | 2023-03-06 | ソイテック | 支持基板に単結晶薄層を備える複合構造体を製造するためのプロセス |
| JP7637679B2 (ja) | 2019-12-30 | 2025-02-28 | ソイテック | 支持基板に単結晶薄層を備える複合構造体を製造するためのプロセス |
| JP2022140396A (ja) * | 2021-03-10 | 2022-09-26 | ファーウェイ デジタル パワー テクノロジーズ カンパニー リミテッド | 炭化シリコン基板、炭化シリコンデバイス、及びその基板薄化方法 |
| JP2023068782A (ja) * | 2021-11-04 | 2023-05-18 | 株式会社サイコックス | 半導体基板とその製造方法 |
| JP2024073933A (ja) * | 2022-11-18 | 2024-05-30 | 信越半導体株式会社 | 半導体基板の製造方法、半導体基板、及び半導体装置 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN110301033B (zh) | 2023-06-09 |
| RU2753180C2 (ru) | 2021-08-12 |
| CN110301033A (zh) | 2019-10-01 |
| RU2019128437A (ru) | 2021-03-16 |
| KR102481927B1 (ko) | 2022-12-28 |
| US20200006046A1 (en) | 2020-01-02 |
| EP3584821C0 (en) | 2025-03-12 |
| JPWO2018151189A1 (ja) | 2019-12-12 |
| KR20190117650A (ko) | 2019-10-16 |
| JP6721062B2 (ja) | 2020-07-08 |
| EP3584821B1 (en) | 2025-03-12 |
| EP3584821A1 (en) | 2019-12-25 |
| RU2019128437A3 (ja) | 2021-06-25 |
| EP3584821A4 (en) | 2020-12-16 |
| US11177123B2 (en) | 2021-11-16 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| JP6721062B2 (ja) | 化合物半導体積層基板及びその製造方法、並びに半導体素子 | |
| JP2017114694A (ja) | 化合物半導体積層基板及びその製造方法、並びに半導体素子 | |
| JP3854508B2 (ja) | SiCウエハ、SiC半導体デバイス、およびSiCウエハの製造方法 | |
| CN107484431B (zh) | 半导体基板的制造方法 | |
| JP2009088223A (ja) | 炭化珪素半導体基板およびそれを用いた炭化珪素半導体装置 | |
| US9903048B2 (en) | Single-crystal 4H-SiC substrate | |
| JP5730393B2 (ja) | 複合基板およびその製造方法 | |
| JPH076971A (ja) | 合成半導体及び制御されたそのドーピング | |
| WO2018150861A1 (ja) | 炭化ケイ素積層基板およびその製造方法 | |
| CN102162134A (zh) | 碳化硅衬底的制造方法 | |
| CN110663097B (zh) | 半导体元件基板的制造方法 | |
| US11152470B2 (en) | Method for manufacturing semiconductor device, method for manufacturing substrate, semiconductor device, substrate, and manufacturing apparatus of substrate | |
| WO2011142158A1 (ja) | 炭化珪素基板の製造方法、半導体装置の製造方法、炭化珪素基板および半導体装置 | |
| JPWO2011052321A1 (ja) | 炭化珪素基板の製造方法および炭化珪素基板 | |
| WO2008015766A1 (fr) | Procédé pour récupérer une tension directe d'un dispositif à semi-conducteurs bipolaire, procédé de réduction de défaut de laminage et dispositif à semi-conducteurs bipolaire | |
| JP4879507B2 (ja) | バイポーラ型半導体装置の順方向電圧回復方法、積層欠陥縮小方法およびバイポーラ型半導体装置 | |
| US20240332081A1 (en) | Semiconductor substrate and method for manufacturing the same | |
| CN118610165A (zh) | SiC JFET晶片上外延GaN HEMT高压器件的制备方法 | |
| JP2015020945A (ja) | 炭化珪素基板ならびに半導体素子 | |
| WO2011152089A1 (ja) | 炭化珪素基板の製造方法、半導体装置の製造方法、炭化珪素基板および半導体装置 | |
| CN103426905A (zh) | 半导体结构、具有其的半导体器件和用于制造其的方法 | |
| JP2011243771A (ja) | 炭化珪素基板の製造方法、半導体装置の製造方法、炭化珪素基板および半導体装置 | |
| JP2024130800A (ja) | 半導体基板の製造方法、半導体基板、及び半導体装置 | |
| WO2025115393A1 (ja) | 炭化珪素基体、炭化珪素基体の製造方法、炭化珪素半導体装置および炭化珪素半導体装置の製造方法 | |
| CN119730282A (zh) | 复合衬底及其制备方法、半导体结构、电子设备 |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 18754503 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
| ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2018568589 Country of ref document: JP Kind code of ref document: A |
|
| NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |
|
| ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 20197026834 Country of ref document: KR Kind code of ref document: A |
|
| ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2018754503 Country of ref document: EP Effective date: 20190916 |