WO2018150858A1 - 脱りん処理装置およびそれを用いた溶銑の脱りん方法 - Google Patents
脱りん処理装置およびそれを用いた溶銑の脱りん方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2018150858A1 WO2018150858A1 PCT/JP2018/002765 JP2018002765W WO2018150858A1 WO 2018150858 A1 WO2018150858 A1 WO 2018150858A1 JP 2018002765 W JP2018002765 W JP 2018002765W WO 2018150858 A1 WO2018150858 A1 WO 2018150858A1
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- 0 C*(C)CC1C23C1(C1)C21**(CC1C(C)C1)C3 Chemical compound C*(C)CC1C23C1(C1)C21**(CC1C(C)C1)C3 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C1/00—Refining of pig-iron; Cast iron
- C21C1/02—Dephosphorising or desulfurising
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
- C21C5/28—Manufacture of steel in the converter
- C21C5/30—Regulating or controlling the blowing
- C21C5/35—Blowing from above and through the bath
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
- C21C5/28—Manufacture of steel in the converter
- C21C5/36—Processes yielding slags of special composition
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
- C21C5/28—Manufacture of steel in the converter
- C21C5/42—Constructional features of converters
- C21C5/46—Details or accessories
- C21C5/48—Bottoms or tuyéres of converters
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a dephosphorization apparatus suitable for producing ultra-low phosphorus hot metal at low cost and high efficiency while suppressing spitting, and a hot metal dephosphorization method using the same.
- hot metal dephosphorization is widely performed by a method in which the hot metal is treated under low temperature conditions in a hot metal stage, which is thermodynamically advantageous.
- an upper bottom blowing converter is suitable as the hot metal dephosphorization apparatus. This is because, as an oxidant necessary for dephosphorization, gaseous oxygen with less heat loss than a solid oxidant can be sprayed from the top blowing lance to the hot metal at high speed.
- CaO powder, Al 2 O 3 powder and Fe 2 O 3 are obtained from the top blowing lance.
- a method of spraying mixed powder containing powder onto a hot metal bath surface together with an oxygen gas jet is disclosed (see Patent Document 1).
- Al 2 O 3 or Fe 2 O 3 reacts with CaO to easily form a low melting point CaO—Al 2 O 3 —FeO melt, and the dephosphorization reaction proceeds very efficiently.
- the top-blown mixed powder is penetrated deeply into the hot metal bath to increase the dephosphorization utilization efficiency of the CaO—Al 2 O 3 —FeO melt and reduce [P] in the hot metal to a very low concentration.
- the blowing jet dynamic pressure is increased, spitting increases and the amount of metal adhesion to the furnace increases.
- a CaO-containing cover slag is formed in the first half of blowing, and the basicity (weight ratio: CaO / SiO 2 ) of the cover slag is 0.4 to 1.5, and thereafter, CaO powder and Al 2 O 3 powder and A hot metal dephosphorization method in which a mixed powder of Fe 2 O 3 powder is blown up is disclosed (see Patent Document 2).
- the amount of spitting can be reduced by forming a cover slag having a low melting point in the first half of dephosphorization blowing.
- the present invention aims to provide a dephosphorization processing apparatus capable of producing an extremely low phosphorus hot metal at a low cost and with high efficiency while suppressing spitting, and a hot metal dephosphorization method using the same.
- molten iron is charged into a converter having an upper bottom blowing, and either one of CaO powder and CaCO 3 powder together with oxygen gas from an upper blowing lance having 4 to 6 nozzles or
- the mixed powder of both and Al 2 O 3 powder was sprayed onto the hot metal bath surface, and gas was blown from the bottom blowing tuyere of the same number as the top blowing nozzle, and the adhesion behavior and dephosphorization behavior in the furnace by spitting were investigated.
- the present inventors have found a dephosphorization processing apparatus capable of melting extremely low phosphorus hot metal ([C] ⁇ 3.2 mass%, [P] ⁇ 0.015 mass%) and a melting method using the apparatus.
- the present invention is as follows. (1) A dephosphorization apparatus for dephosphorizing hot metal, A converter, An upper blowing lance for blowing a powder dephosphorizing agent and oxygen gas into the converter; An oxygen supply device for supplying the oxygen gas to the upper blowing lance; A powder supply device for supplying the powder dephosphorizing agent to the upper blowing lance, A plurality of nozzles for ejecting the powder dephosphorizing agent and the oxygen gas are disposed on the lower end surface of the upper blowing lance, At the bottom of the converter, the same number of bottom blowing tuyeres as the nozzles are arranged, With the hot metal having a bath depth L 0 charged in the converter, the position U of the intersection of the central axis of the top blowing jet ejected from the nozzle and the bath surface of the hot metal and the bottom blowing tuyere In each of the sets of nozzles and bottom blowing tuyere where the distance (the length of the line segment SU) between the straight line drawn
- the powder dephosphorizing agent is a mixed powder of a powder mainly composed of a CaO source and a powder mainly composed of an Al 2 O 3 source, and includes 3 of CaO, CaCO 3 and Al 2 O 3 .
- the total mass concentration of the components of 90% or more, and characterized in that it is a mixed powder is 0.05 ⁇ 0.20 (Al 2 O 3 by weight) / (CaO mass + CaCO 3 mass ⁇ 0.56) Dephosphorization processing apparatus as described in said (1).
- the plurality of nozzles are arranged concentrically with respect to the central axis of the upper blowing lance, and the inclination angle ⁇ between the central axis of the upper blowing lance and the central axis of the nozzle is the same for all nozzles.
- the dephosphorization processing apparatus according to any one of the above (1) to (3), wherein an inclination angle ⁇ between the first and the second is 25 ° or less.
- a hot metal dephosphorization method using the dephosphorization apparatus according to any one of (1) to (4) above,
- the molten iron is held in the converter, and N 2 gas is blown into the molten iron from the bottom blowing tuyere at a flow rate of 0.1 to 0.60 Nm 3 / min / t, and the length of the line segment SU is increased.
- the height of the upper blowing lance is adjusted so as to satisfy the condition of the formula (1) in all of the nozzle and bottom blowing tuyere that is minimized, and the powder dephosphorizing agent is adjusted from the upper blowing lance. Is sprayed onto the molten iron together with the oxygen gas of 1.0 to 2.5 Nm 3 / min / t, so that the charging basicity at the end of the treatment is 1.5 to 2.5.
- the present invention it is possible to provide a dephosphorization processing apparatus capable of producing ultra-low phosphorus hot metal with low cost and high efficiency while suppressing spitting, and a hot metal dephosphorization method using the same.
- FIG. 1A is a diagram for explaining the position of a bottom blowing tuyere in the embodiment.
- FIG. 1B is a diagram for explaining the position of the bottom blowing tuyere in the embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a plurality of fire point positions and a plurality of bottom blowing tuyere positions as seen from the axial direction of the top blowing lance.
- FIG. 1A and 1B are diagrams for explaining the position of the bottom blowing tuyere in the present embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a figure which shows the position of several fire spots and the position of several bottom blowing tuyere seen from the axial direction of the top blowing lance.
- Dephosphorization processing apparatus includes a converter, a top-blown lance, an oxygen supply device, and a powder supplying device, the bottom of the converter, such as N 2 gas or Ar gas
- a plurality of bottom blowing tuyere for blowing an inert gas into the hot metal is provided.
- nozzles for ejecting a powder dephosphorizing agent together with oxygen are installed at the lower end of the upper blowing lance.
- the height of the upper blowing lance is adjusted so that the lance height becomes H 0, and the jet is injected from the upper blowing lance, A hot spot consisting of a high temperature part of 2000 ° C. or higher is formed on the hot metal bath surface by colliding with the surface.
- four nozzles are concentrically arranged, and the angles (inclination angles) ⁇ formed by the central axes of these nozzles and the central axis of the upper blowing lance are all the same.
- FIG. 2 An example is shown, and as shown in FIG. 2, when jets are injected, the centers U 1 to U 4 of the fire points are formed concentrically.
- the centers U 1 to U 4 of these fire points are adjusted by adjusting the height of the top blowing lance so that the distance from the intersection point O between the center axis of the top blowing lance and the hot metal is equal to the x axis or the y axis. Move up.
- the bottom blowing tuyere of the same number as the number of nozzles is provided at the bottom of the converter, and when adjusting the height of the top blowing lance, the center of fire point U 1 to U 4 and The lance height H 0 is adjusted so that all the positions S 1 to S 4 of the bath surface directly above the bottom blowing tuyere positions T 1 to T 4 are equal to or less than a predetermined distance.
- the value of the lance height H 0 is adjusted by moving the upper blowing lance up and down so that the center U 1 to U 4 of the fire point is the target position.
- FIG. 1A and FIG. 1B it demonstrates as a combination of the nozzle and bottom blowing tuyere which the length of line segment SU becomes the minimum. That is, in FIG. 2, the combination is a line segment S 1 U 1 , a line segment S 2 U 2 , a line segment S 3 U 3 , and a line segment S 4 U 4 .
- the bottom blowing gas blown into the hot metal from the bottom blowing tuyere rises while spreading at 12 ° on one side.
- the region where the bottom blowing gas and hot metal are mixed is referred to as a plume region.
- the plume region has a low density and is vigorously stirred and mixed as compared to the surrounding hot metal bath.
- FIG. 1B when the powder dephosphorizing agent blown from the top blowing lance together with oxygen is blown into this plume region, the powder dephosphorizing agent can penetrate deeply into the molten iron and is vigorously stirred and mixed.
- the dephosphorization utilization efficiency of CaO in the powder dephosphorizing agent is greatly improved, and [P] in the hot metal after the treatment is reduced to a very low concentration.
- a powder dephosphorizing agent is sprayed together with oxygen from an upper blowing lance.
- the powder dephosphorizing agent is mainly composed of a powder mainly composed of a CaO source and an Al 2 O 3 source.
- a mixed powder with the powder to be used is used.
- the powder mainly composed of the CaO source preferably has a total mass concentration of CaO and CaCO 3 of 90% or more, and is more preferably either quick lime (CaO) or limestone (CaCO 3 ) or a mixed powder.
- the reason why the total mass concentration of CaO and CaCO 3 is preferably 90% or more is that if it is less than 90%, a lot of components other than CaO and CaCO 3 are mixed, and slag forming becomes excessive during the dephosphorization process, resulting in slag. This is because the risk of overflowing from the furnace opening or poor dephosphorization increases.
- the powder mainly composed of an Al 2 O 3 source preferably has an Al 2 O 3 mass concentration of 50% or more.
- slag and refractories having a high Al 2 O 3 mass concentration are also available. Examples of such waste materials are exemplified.
- the total mass concentration of the three components of CaO, CaCO 3 and Al 2 O 3 is preferably 90% or more.
- the reason for this is the same as the reason that the total mass concentration of CaO and CaCO 3 is preferably 90% or more.
- the maximum particle size of these powders is preferably 0.5 mm or less, more preferably 0.15 mm or less from the viewpoint of ease of conveying the powder by gas and securing the reaction interface area in the hot metal. .
- the mixing ratio between the powder mainly composed of CaO source and the powder mainly composed of Al 2 O 3 source will be described later.
- the mixed powder is held in the dispenser of the powder supply device.
- the mixed powder is directly discharged from the dispenser to the upper blowing lance or via the oxygen gas line.
- oxygen is also supplied from the oxygen supply device to the upper blowing lance, and the mixed powder is sprayed onto the molten iron together with oxygen from the upper blowing lance.
- a powder in which a powder mainly composed of a CaO source and a powder mainly composed of an Al 2 O 3 source are mixed (total mass concentration of three components of CaO, CaCO 3 and Al 2 O 3 is 90 % And more than (Al 2 O 3 mass) / (CaO mass + CaCO 3 mass ⁇ 0.56) is 0.03 to 0.25 mixed powder)
- the lance height H 0 is 2500 to 3500 mm and the oxygen gas is 0.8 to 2.7 Nm 3 / min / t.
- the hot metal was sprayed on the hot metal bath to perform hot metal dephosphorization.
- the degree (CaO / SiO 2 mass ratio) was 1.3 to 2.7, and the blowing time was 6 to 10 minutes.
- the charge basicity is a value calculated by (CaO charge mass) / (SiO 2 charge mass + SiO 2 production mass due to oxidation of [Si] in the hot metal).
- the angle ⁇ formed by the line segment TS and the line segment TU represents the angle ⁇ shown in FIG. 1A, and the top blowing nozzle and the bottom blowing tuyere that minimize the length of the line segment SU.
- the maximum angle is represented.
- all the nozzles were concentrically arranged with respect to the central axis of the upper blowing lance, and the inclination angle was appropriately selected from the range of 12 ° to 18 °, with the same angle for each lance.
- the bottom blowing tuyere is No. 1-No.
- the top blowing jet collides with the center of the plume region. is doing.
- the top blown mixed powder blown into the plume region which has a low density and is vigorously stirred and mixed as compared to the surrounding hot metal bath, can penetrate deeply and is vigorously stirred and mixed. It is considered that the dephosphorization utilization efficiency of CaO was greatly improved, and [P] in the molten iron after the treatment was reduced to an extremely low concentration. In addition, it is considered that spitting is reduced because the kinetic energy of the top blowing jet is efficiently consumed in the plume region.
- the position of the fire point is an inappropriate position, and if the upper blowing lance is adjusted in the vertical direction, the length of the line segment SU is minimized.
- the line segment SU There are two possible cases in which it is impossible for all combinations of nozzles and bottom blowing tuyeres having the minimum length to have the length of the line segment SU ⁇ L 0 tan 6 °.
- the amount of metal adhesion to the vicinity of the furnace port due to spitting varied depending on the position of the center U of the fire point.
- the collision position of the top blowing jet on the hot metal bath surface (fire point center U) is closer to the position O of the intersection of the top blowing lance central axis and the hot metal, the amount of spitting scattered upwards increases.
- the center U of the hot spot is further away from the position O, the amount of spitting that scatters vertically upward decreases.
- the length of the line segment OS is preferably 300 mm or more. This is because if there is a bottom blowing tuyere whose length of the line segment OS is less than 300 mm, the inclination angle ⁇ of the top blowing jet becomes small, and the amount of spitting upward in the vertical direction increases.
- the inclination angle ⁇ of the nozzle of the top blowing lance is 25 ° or less. This is because if a nozzle having an excessively large inclination angle ⁇ is present, secondary combustion due to the top blown oxygen jet increases, and refractory damage to the converter furnace wall becomes severe.
- the top blowing oxygen flow rate was set to 0.8 to 2.7 Nm 3 / min / t, and other conditions were set as basic conditions.
- the top blowing oxygen flow rate was less than 1.0 Nm 3 / min / t, [P] in the hot metal after the treatment did not decrease to 0.015 mass% or less.
- the blowing time is 6 to 10 minutes, it is considered that oxygen necessary to make [P] in the molten iron after treatment be 0.015% by mass or less, which is an extremely low concentration, is insufficient.
- Fe in the hot metal is oxidized by the top blowing oxygen to produce FeO, and the top blowing powder is melted to form a FeO—CaO based melt.
- FeO is reduced by [C] in the hot metal, the FeO concentration in the melt is likely to decrease.
- the melting point of the FeO—CaO melt increases and the fluid state cannot be maintained, so that the dephosphorization utilization efficiency of the melt decreases.
- the melt contains a small amount of Al 2 O 3 , the melting point of the melt will be significantly lowered, so that it should be possible to maintain the molten state and maintain high dephosphorization utilization efficiency.
- the present invention will be further described based on examples, but the conditions in the examples are one example of conditions adopted for confirming the feasibility and effects of the present invention. It is not limited to the example conditions.
- the present invention can adopt various conditions as long as the object of the present invention is achieved without departing from the gist of the present invention.
- the depth L 0 of the still bath at this time was 2000 mm.
- N 2 gas was blown into the molten iron from the four bottom blowing tuyere at a flow rate of 0.25 Nm 3 / min / t and stirred, and from the top blowing lance in which four nozzles having an inclination angle of 17 ° were arranged,
- the height H 0 is 2800 mm
- the total mass concentration of the three components of CaO, CaCO 3 and Al 2 O 3 is 95% together with oxygen gas 2.0 Nm 3 / min / t
- (Al 2 O 3 mass) / A mixed powder having a CaO mass + CaCO 3 mass ⁇ 0.56) of 0.10 and a maximum particle size of 0.15 mm was sprayed, and the charging basicity at the end of the treatment was set to 1.8.
- the distance between the intersection point O between the center axis of the top blowing lance and the hot metal bath surface and the position S of the hot metal bath surface drawn from the position T of the bottom blowing tuyere vertically (the length of the line segment OS) was 860 mm, common to all bottom blowing tuyere.
- a line drawn vertically upward from the position of the intersection of the central axis of the jet of the top blown oxygen + mixed powder and the hot metal bath surface (center of the fire point) U and the position T of the bottom blow tuyere and the hot metal bath surface The position S of the intersections of these points almost coincided at any of the fire points.
- the angle ⁇ formed by the line segment TS and the line segment TU was almost 0 °.
- the final blowing temperature was 1342 ° C.
- [C] in the molten iron after the treatment was 3.4 mass% and [P] was 0.006 mass%.
- N 2 gas was blown into the molten iron from the four bottom blowing tuyere at a flow rate of 0.25 Nm 3 / min / t and stirred, and from the top blowing lance in which four nozzles with an inclination angle of 12 ° were arranged, the lance height H 0 is 2700 mm, the total mass concentration of the three components of CaO, CaCO 3 and Al 2 O 3 together with oxygen gas 2.0 Nm 3 / min / t is 95%, and (Al 2 O 3 mass) / (CaO mass + CaCO 3 mass ⁇ 0.56) is 0.10, and the mixed powder having the maximum particle size of 0.15 mm was sprayed, and the charging basicity at the end of the treatment was set to 1.8.
- the distance between the intersection point O between the center axis of the top blowing lance and the hot metal bath surface and the position S of the hot metal bath surface drawn from the position T of the bottom blowing tuyere vertically (the length of the line segment OS) was 860 mm, common to all bottom blowing tuyere.
- the present invention it is possible to provide a dephosphorization processing apparatus capable of producing ultra-low phosphorus hot metal at a low cost and high efficiency while suppressing spitting, and a hot metal dephosphorization method using the same.
- the value is great.
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Abstract
Description
(1)溶銑の脱りん処理を行う脱りん処理装置であって、
転炉と、
前記転炉に、粉体脱りん剤、及び酸素ガスを吹き込む上吹きランスと、
前記上吹きランスに前記酸素ガスを供給する酸素供給装置と、
前記上吹きランスに前記粉体脱りん剤を供給する粉体供給装置とを備え、
前記上吹きランスの下端面には、前記粉体脱りん剤及び前記酸素ガスを噴出するノズルが複数配置され、
前記転炉の炉底には、前記ノズルと同数の底吹き羽口が配置され、
前記転炉に浴深L0の溶銑が装入されている状態で、前記ノズルから噴出される上吹きジェットの中心軸と前記溶銑の浴面との交点の位置Uと前記底吹き羽口の位置から鉛直上方に引いた直線と前記溶銑の浴面との交点の位置Sとの距離(線分SUの長さ)が最小となるノズル及び底吹き羽口の各組のすべてにおいて、以下の式(1)の条件を満たす前記上吹きランスの高さが存在するように、前記ノズル及び前記底吹き羽口が配置されていることを特徴とする脱りん処理装置。
線分SUの長さ≦L0・tan6° ・・・(1)
(2)前記粉体脱りん剤は、CaO源を主体とする粉体とAl2O3源を主体とする粉体との混合粉であって、CaO、CaCO3及びAl2O3の3成分の合計質量濃度が90%以上、かつ、(Al2O3質量)/(CaO質量+CaCO3質量×0.56)が0.05~0.20である混合粉であることを特徴とする上記(1)に記載の脱りん処理装置。
(3)前記複数のノズルが前記上吹きランスの中心軸に対して同心円状に配置され、前記上吹きランスの中心軸と前記ノズルの中心軸との間の傾斜角θがすべてのノズルにおいて同一であることを特徴とする上記(1)又は(2)に記載の脱りん処理装置。
(4)前記上吹きランスの中心軸と溶銑との交点の位置をOとした場合に、線分OSの長さが300mm以上であり、且つ前記上吹きランスの中心軸と前記ノズルの中心軸との間の傾斜角θが25°以下であることを特徴とする上記(1)~(3)のいずれかに記載の脱りん処理装置。
(5)上記(1)~(4)のいずれかに記載の脱りん処理装置を用いた溶銑の脱りん方法であって、
前記転炉内に溶銑を保持し、前記底吹き羽口からN2ガスを溶銑中へ流量0.1~0.60Nm3/min/tで吹き込んで攪拌し、前記線分SUの長さが最小となるノズル及び底吹き羽口の各組のすべてにおいて、前記式(1)の条件を満たすように前記上吹きランスの高さを調整して、前記上吹きランスから前記粉体脱りん剤を前記酸素ガス1.0~2.5Nm3/min/tと共に前記溶銑へ吹き付け、処理末期の装入塩基度を1.5~2.5とすることを特徴とする溶銑の脱りん方法。
図1A及び図1Bは、本実施形態において、底吹き羽口の位置を説明するための図である。また、図2は、上吹きランスの軸方向から見た、複数の火点の位置及び複数の底吹き羽口の位置を示す図である。本実施形態に係る脱りん処理装置は、転炉と、上吹きランスと、酸素供給装置と、粉体供給装置とを備えており、転炉の底部には、N2ガスやArガスなどの不活性ガスを溶銑中に吹き込むための底吹き羽口が複数設けられている。
まず、上底吹き転炉へ溶銑290t([C]=4.4~4.5質量%、[Si]=0.3~0.5質量%、[P]=0.100~0.120質量%、浴深L0=約2000mm)を装入し、底吹き羽口4本からN2ガスを溶銑中へ流量0.08~0.70Nm3/min/tで吹き込んで攪拌し、粉体脱りん剤として、CaO源を主体とする粉体およびAl2O3源を主体とする粉体を混合した粉体(CaO、CaCO3及びAl2O3の3成分の合計質量濃度が90%以上、かつ、(Al2O3質量)/(CaO質量+CaCO3質量×0.56)が0.03~0.25である混合粉)を、底吹き羽口数と同数のノズルを有する上吹きランスから、ランス高さH0を2500~3500mmとして酸素ガス0.8~2.7Nm3/min/tと共に溶銑浴へ吹き付けて、溶銑脱りん処理を行った。用いた粉体の最大粒径は0.15mmで、処理後の溶銑[C]=3.3~3.6質量%、[P]=0.004~0.023質量%で、装入塩基度(CaO/SiO2質量比)は1.3~2.7、吹錬時間は6~10分であった。なお、装入塩基度は、(CaO装入質量)/(SiO2装入質量+溶銑中の[Si]の酸化によるSiO2生成質量)により計算される値である。
火点の中心Uを調整することにより、図1Aに示す線分TSと線分TUとのなす角度α(deg)を変更した以外は上述した基本条件として、αの変化が及ぼす影響を調査した結果、0°≦α≦6°の場合に、処理後溶銑中[P]が0.015質量%以下となり、且つスピッティングによる炉口付近の地金付着量も少なかった。
線分SUの長さ≦L0tan6°(L0:浴深) ・・・(1)
これらの実験では、処理末期の装入塩基度を1.3~2.7とし、それ以外は基本条件とした。なお、処理前に細粒CaOは添加しなかった。
実験の結果、処理末期の装入塩基度を1.5未満にすると、スラグの脱りん能が低くなり過ぎて、処理後溶銑中[P]を目標値である0.015質量%以下まで低減できなかった。
一方、処理末期の装入塩基度が2.5を超えると、処理後溶銑中[P]は0.015質量%以下にまで低下しなかった。処理末期において装入塩基度を過度に高めると、火点周囲のバルクスラグの流動性が急激に低下して、バルクスラグによる脱りん反応が進行し難くなってしまうため、処理後溶銑中[P]が高くなってしまったと考えられる。
以上から、処理末期の装入塩基度の適正な範囲は1.5~2.5であることが確認できた。
これらの実験では、上吹き酸素流量を0.8~2.7Nm3/min/tとし、それ以外は基本条件とした。上吹き酸素流量を1.0Nm3/min/t未満にすると、処理後溶銑中[P]が0.015質量%以下にまで低下しなかった。吹錬時間を6~10分とした場合、処理後溶銑中[P]を極低濃度である0.015質量%以下にするのに必要な酸素が足りなかったためと考えられる。
一方、上吹き酸素流量を2.5Nm3/min/t超にまで高めた場合も、処理後溶銑中[P]が0.015質量%以下にまで低下しなかった。この場合、脱りんに必要な酸素量を吹き終えるまでの時間、すなわち吹錬時間が過度に短くなって、処理後溶銑中[P]が目標値である0.015質量%以下まで低下しなかったと考えられる。
以上から、上吹き酸素流量の適正な範囲は1.0~2.5Nm3/min/tであることが確認できた。
これらの実験では、底吹きN2流量を0.08~0.7Nm3/min/tとし、それ以外は基本条件とした。底吹きN2流量を0.1Nm3/min/t未満にすると、処理後溶銑中[P]が0.015質量%以下にまで低下しなかった。この場合、溶銑中のPの物質移動速度が顕著に低下したため、6~10分という短時間吹錬では、処理後溶銑中[P]を極低濃度である0.015質量%以下まで低減できなかったと考えられる。
一方、底吹きN2流量を0.6Nm3/min/t超にまで高めた場合も、処理後溶銑中[P]が0.015質量%以下にまで低下しなかった。この場合、溶銑とスラグとが過度に攪拌混合され、スラグ中FeO濃度が過度に低下してしまったため、処理後溶銑中[P]を目標値である0.015質量%以下にまで低減できなかったと考えられる。
以上から、底吹きN2流量の適正な範囲は0.1~0.6Nm3/min/tであることが確認できた。
これらの実験では、上吹きしたCaO+Al2O3混合粉の組成を、CaO、CaCO3及びAl2O3の3成分の合計質量濃度が95%、かつ、(Al2O3質量)/(CaO質量+CaCO3質量×0.56)が0.03~0.25とAl2O3濃度を変化させ、それ以外は基本条件とした。混合粉中の(Al2O3質量)/(CaO質量+CaCO3質量×0.56)が0.05未満だと、処理後溶銑中[P]が目標値である0.015質量%まで低下しなかった。これは、混合粉中のCaO分が火点で溶融して十分に脱りん反応に消費されなくなってしまったことによるものと考えられる。
上述の結果から、混合粉中の(Al2O3質量)/(CaO質量+CaCO3質量×0.56)の適正範囲は0.05~0.20であることが確認できた。
上底吹き転炉へ[C]=4.4質量%、[Si]=0.4質量%、[P]=0.10質量%の溶銑を290t装入した。このときの静止浴の深さL0は2000mmだった。次に、4本の底吹き羽口からN2ガスを溶銑中へ流量0.25Nm3/min/tで吹き込んで攪拌し、傾斜角17°のノズルを4個配置した上吹きランスから、ランス高さH0を2800mmとして、酸素ガス2.0Nm3/min/tと共にCaO、CaCO3及びAl2O3の3成分の合計質量濃度が95%、かつ、(Al2O3質量)/(CaO質量+CaCO3質量×0.56)が0.10で最大粒径が0.15mmの混合粉を吹き付け、処理末期の装入塩基度を1.8とした。
吹錬時間は7分で脱りんを行った結果、吹錬末期温度は1342℃、処理後溶銑中[C]は3.4質量%、[P]は0.006質量%だった。炉口付近への地金付着はほとんど無かった。
上底吹き転炉へ[C]=4.4質量%、[Si]=0.4質量%、[P]=0.10質量%の溶銑を290t装入した。このときの静止浴の深さL0は2000mmだった。4本の底吹き羽口からN2ガスを溶銑中へ流量0.25Nm3/min/tで吹き込んで攪拌し、傾斜角12°のノズルを4個配置した上吹きランスから、ランス高さH0を2700mmとして、酸素ガス2.0Nm3/min/tと共にCaO、CaCO3及びAl2O3の3成分の合計質量濃度が95%、かつ、(Al2O3質量)/(CaO質量+CaCO3質量×0.56)が0.10で最大粒径が0.15mmの混合粉を吹き付け、処理末期の装入塩基度を1.8とした。
吹錬時間は7分で脱りんを行った結果、吹錬末期温度は1345℃、処理後溶銑中[C]は3.4質量%、[P]は0.017質量%だった。さらに炉口付近への地金付着はかなり多かった。
Claims (5)
- 溶銑の脱りん処理を行う脱りん処理装置であって、
転炉と、
前記転炉に、粉体脱りん剤、及び酸素ガスを吹き込む上吹きランスと、
前記上吹きランスに前記酸素ガスを供給する酸素供給装置と、
前記上吹きランスに前記粉体脱りん剤を供給する粉体供給装置とを備え、
前記上吹きランスの下端面には、前記粉体脱りん剤及び前記酸素ガスを噴出するノズルが複数配置され、
前記転炉の炉底には、前記ノズルと同数の底吹き羽口が配置され、
前記転炉に浴深L0の溶銑が装入されている状態で、前記ノズルから噴出される上吹きジェットの中心軸と前記溶銑の浴面との交点の位置Uと前記底吹き羽口の位置から鉛直上方に引いた直線と前記溶銑の浴面との交点の位置Sとの距離(線分SUの長さ)が最小となるノズル及び底吹き羽口の各組のすべてにおいて、以下の式(1)の条件を満たす前記上吹きランスの高さが存在するように、前記ノズル及び前記底吹き羽口が配置されていることを特徴とする脱りん処理装置。
線分SUの長さ≦L0・tan6° ・・・(1) - 前記粉体脱りん剤は、CaO源を主体とする粉体とAl2O3源を主体とする粉体との混合粉であって、CaO、CaCO3及びAl2O3の3成分の合計質量濃度が90%以上、かつ、(Al2O3質量)/(CaO質量+CaCO3質量×0.56)が0.05~0.20である混合粉であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の脱りん処理装置。
- 前記複数のノズルが前記上吹きランスの中心軸に対して同心円状に配置され、前記上吹きランスの中心軸と前記ノズルの中心軸との間の傾斜角θがすべてのノズルにおいて同一であることを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の脱りん処理装置。
- 前記上吹きランスの中心軸と溶銑との交点の位置をOとした場合に、線分OSの長さが300mm以上であり、且つ前記上吹きランスの中心軸と前記ノズルの中心軸との間の傾斜角θが25°以下であることを特徴とする請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の脱りん処理装置。
- 請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の脱りん処理装置を用いた溶銑の脱りん方法であって、
前記転炉内に溶銑を保持し、前記底吹き羽口からN2ガスを溶銑中へ流量0.1~0.6Nm3/min/tで吹き込んで攪拌し、前記線分SUの長さが最小となるノズル及び底吹き羽口の各組のすべてにおいて、前記式(1)の条件を満たすように前記上吹きランスの高さを調整して、前記上吹きランスから前記粉体脱りん剤を前記酸素ガス1.0~2.5Nm3/min/tと共に前記溶銑へ吹き付け、処理末期の装入塩基度を1.5~2.5とすることを特徴とする溶銑の脱りん方法。
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| JPH0598331A (ja) * | 1991-10-04 | 1993-04-20 | Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd | 上底吹き転炉の吹錬操業方法 |
| JPH11172313A (ja) * | 1997-12-12 | 1999-06-29 | Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd | 溶銑の脱p方法 |
| JP2013142189A (ja) * | 2012-01-12 | 2013-07-22 | Nippon Steel & Sumitomo Metal Corp | 転炉脱炭精錬におけるスピッティング低減法 |
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