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WO2018149072A1 - 一种基于x射线识别的矿石智能分选设备及方法 - Google Patents

一种基于x射线识别的矿石智能分选设备及方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018149072A1
WO2018149072A1 PCT/CN2017/089507 CN2017089507W WO2018149072A1 WO 2018149072 A1 WO2018149072 A1 WO 2018149072A1 CN 2017089507 W CN2017089507 W CN 2017089507W WO 2018149072 A1 WO2018149072 A1 WO 2018149072A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
sorting
ray
unit
ore
spectrum
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2017/089507
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张承臣
李朝朋
史玉林
杨双福
李希明
纪常付
刘洋
樊明元
王玉珠
徐春野
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Longi Magnet Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Longi Magnet Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Longi Magnet Co Ltd filed Critical Longi Magnet Co Ltd
Priority to AU2017301082A priority Critical patent/AU2017301082B2/en
Priority to US15/751,855 priority patent/US11135619B2/en
Priority to ZA2018/02796A priority patent/ZA201802796B/en
Publication of WO2018149072A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018149072A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
    • B07C—POSTAL SORTING; SORTING INDIVIDUAL ARTICLES, OR BULK MATERIAL FIT TO BE SORTED PIECE-MEAL, e.g. BY PICKING
    • B07C5/00—Sorting according to a characteristic or feature of the articles or material being sorted, e.g. by control effected by devices which detect or measure such characteristic or feature; Sorting by manually actuated devices, e.g. switches
    • B07C5/34—Sorting according to other particular properties
    • B07C5/342—Sorting according to other particular properties according to optical properties, e.g. colour
    • B07C5/3425—Sorting according to other particular properties according to optical properties, e.g. colour of granular material, e.g. ore particles, grain
    • B07C5/3427—Sorting according to other particular properties according to optical properties, e.g. colour of granular material, e.g. ore particles, grain by changing or intensifying the optical properties prior to scanning, e.g. by inducing fluorescence under UV or x-radiation, subjecting the material to a chemical reaction
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
    • B07C—POSTAL SORTING; SORTING INDIVIDUAL ARTICLES, OR BULK MATERIAL FIT TO BE SORTED PIECE-MEAL, e.g. BY PICKING
    • B07C5/00—Sorting according to a characteristic or feature of the articles or material being sorted, e.g. by control effected by devices which detect or measure such characteristic or feature; Sorting by manually actuated devices, e.g. switches
    • B07C5/34—Sorting according to other particular properties
    • B07C5/342—Sorting according to other particular properties according to optical properties, e.g. colour
    • B07C5/3425—Sorting according to other particular properties according to optical properties, e.g. colour of granular material, e.g. ore particles, grain
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
    • B07C—POSTAL SORTING; SORTING INDIVIDUAL ARTICLES, OR BULK MATERIAL FIT TO BE SORTED PIECE-MEAL, e.g. BY PICKING
    • B07C5/00—Sorting according to a characteristic or feature of the articles or material being sorted, e.g. by control effected by devices which detect or measure such characteristic or feature; Sorting by manually actuated devices, e.g. switches
    • B07C5/02—Measures preceding sorting, e.g. arranging articles in a stream orientating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
    • B07C—POSTAL SORTING; SORTING INDIVIDUAL ARTICLES, OR BULK MATERIAL FIT TO BE SORTED PIECE-MEAL, e.g. BY PICKING
    • B07C5/00—Sorting according to a characteristic or feature of the articles or material being sorted, e.g. by control effected by devices which detect or measure such characteristic or feature; Sorting by manually actuated devices, e.g. switches
    • B07C5/34—Sorting according to other particular properties
    • B07C5/346—Sorting according to other particular properties according to radioactive properties

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of ore sorting, and particularly relates to an ore intelligent sorting device and method based on X-ray recognition, which belongs to a novel intelligent ore sorting device. It is suitable for the determination and simultaneous sorting of various useful ingredients in ore.
  • the ore will directly enter the crushing and grinding stage after the ore is mined. It consumes manpower, material resources and financial resources. Therefore, it is necessary to pre-select the ore.
  • the pre-selection methods are mostly hand-selected, and the hand-selection sorting has the problems of high sorting cost, low efficiency, and poor precision.
  • the inventors have proposed a method and a method for ore intelligent sorting based on x-ray recognition through multiple design and research, which is based on X-ray identification of useful elements and their contents in ore, and utilizes
  • the sorting unit sorts the ore with different content elements, and can detect and divide the ore containing multiple elements on only one device. selected.
  • an ore intelligent sorting apparatus based on X-ray recognition, comprising a dosing unit 1 having a toothed classifier 16, an x-ray energizing unit 5 with a filter 21, and a belt
  • a characteristic spectrum receiving unit 4 having a filter 19
  • a computer analysis control unit 6 with a central control unit 26, a spectrum acquisition system 23, an industrial computer 24 and an instruction output system 25, with a cylinder 10 and a wear-resistant kick plate 9
  • Sorting unit 3 the feeding unit feeds through the vibrating feeder, classifies the material through the toothed classifier, the x-ray excitation unit excites the ore to be tested to generate a characteristic x-ray spectrum, and the characteristic spectrum receiving unit receives the characteristic x-ray spectrum, and then
  • the computer analyzes the control unit to analyze the spectrum and issues a sorting instruction based on the analysis result.
  • the sorting unit executes the sorting instruction for the sorting of the magnetic or non-magnetic ore.
  • the feeding unit 1 is composed of a feeding bin 13, a vibration motor 14, a vibration platform 17, a fine material passage 12, a fine material tank 15, a chute motor 18, and a chute 11, and the teeth of the tooth shape classifier 16 are cylindrical end processing.
  • the conical shape is located at the exit of the vibrating platform 17 and arranged side by side in the discharge direction; the conical end of the tooth of the toothed classifier 16 is located at the outlet end of the discharge direction.
  • the chute 11 is located on the conical end side of the teeth of the toothed classifier 16, and an even number of chute motors 18 are symmetrically disposed around the chute 11; the chute 11 is U-shaped, and the groove surface in the U-shaped groove of the chute can be set according to requirements. Raised.
  • the computer analysis control unit 6, the x-ray excitation unit 5, and the characteristic spectrum receiving unit 4 are all enclosed in a package case 2; the package case 2 is made of a material that can shield X-rays.
  • the package body 2 has a vertical distance (A size) of 50 mm to 230 mm directly under the leading edge of the chute 11; the front edge of the package body 2 is between 0 mm and 100 mm from the exit of the chute 11 in a horizontal distance (B size);
  • the clockwise angle ( ⁇ angle) between the casing 2 and the horizontal plane is 0--60°.
  • the central control unit 26 is placed outside the device, and transmits signals through the network cable to the industrial computer 24 in the device or transmits signals through the wireless connection; one central control unit 26 can be interconnected with the plurality of industrial computers 24 at the same time.
  • the wear-resistant kick plate 9 of the sorting unit 3 is disposed on a strut extending from the cylinder 10, and the wear-resistant kick plate 9 is made of a wear-resistant material or a wear-resistant material is provided on the wear-resistant kick plate 9 to increase wear resistance.
  • the x-ray excitation unit 5 mainly comprises an x-ray tube 22, a filter 21, and a high voltage power supply.
  • the source is composed of a constant temperature and humidity device; the X-rays emitted by the x-ray excitation unit 5 may be a circular illumination region of the material by the point source, or a lateral linear illumination region; and the filter 21 installation position in the x-ray excitation unit 5.
  • the characteristic spectrum receiving unit 4 is composed of a characteristic spectrum receiving sensor 20, a filter 19, and a filter 19 interposed between the ore and the characteristic spectrum receiving sensor 20.
  • a sorting method using the above-described X-ray identification-based ore intelligent sorting apparatus comprising the following steps:
  • the operator sets the corresponding sorting parameters on the central control unit 26 according to the local environmental characteristics, the element distribution characteristics of the ore to be selected, and transmits the parameters to the sorting site through the network cable or wirelessly.
  • Industrial computer 24 the operator sets the corresponding sorting parameters on the central control unit 26 according to the local environmental characteristics, the element distribution characteristics of the ore to be selected, and transmits the parameters to the sorting site through the network cable or wirelessly.
  • the industrial computer 24 turns on the x-ray excitation unit 5, the characteristic spectrum receiving unit 4, the feeding unit 1, and the sorting machine starts to work;
  • the x-ray excitation unit 5 excites the ore to generate a characteristic spectrum
  • the fourth step the characteristic spectrum receiving unit 4, receives the characteristic spectrum generated by the ore, and the characteristic spectrum is processed and input to the spectrum acquisition system 23;
  • the spectrum acquisition system 23 After the characteristic spectrum is processed by the spectrum acquisition system 23, the spectrum is transmitted to the industrial computer 24, and the industrial computer 24 compares the spectral signal with the sorting parameter transmitted by the central control unit 26 in the first step, and finally obtains Sorting instructions, and outputting the sorting instructions to the sorting unit 3 via the command output system 25;
  • the sorting unit 3 executes the sorting instruction after receiving the sorting instruction, and finally completes one sorting
  • the seventh step is to cycle from the third step to the sixth step.
  • the invention relates to an ore intelligent sorting device and method based on x-ray recognition, which realizes simple structure and reasonable design of the device, and fills the pre-selection blank of such ore, which is worthy of widespread application.
  • Base The use of x-ray-identified ore intelligent sorting equipment and methods can be used to sort metal, non-metallic ore and other rare ores by using only one set of equipment, thereby making it impossible to pre-select in the magnetic selection.
  • the ore is pre-selected, and a large number of low-grade or unqualified waste mines are discarded in advance to reduce the cost of ore dressing, improve the beneficiation efficiency and stabilize the subsequent ore sorting grade.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of an ore intelligent sorting apparatus based on X-ray recognition according to the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a package box of an ore intelligent sorting device based on X-ray recognition
  • Figure 3 is a first schematic view 1 of a feed unit of an ore intelligent sorting device based on X-ray recognition;
  • Figure 4 is a second schematic diagram 2 of the ore intelligent sorting device feeding unit based on X-ray recognition
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a characteristic spectrum receiving unit of an ore intelligent sorting device based on X-ray recognition
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of an x-ray excitation unit of an ore intelligent sorting device based on X-ray recognition
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a computer analysis control unit of an ore intelligent sorting device based on X-ray recognition
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a sorting unit of an ore intelligent sorting device based on X-ray recognition.
  • the X-ray recognition-based ore intelligent sorting device and method of the invention is an X-ray An X-ray ore pre-selector that discriminates useful components and their content by line fluorescence or diffraction principles, providing a device that can detect and sort multiple elements on a single device, including the dosing unit, x a ray excitation unit, a characteristic spectrum receiving unit, a computer analysis control unit and a sorting unit, each unit is interconnected to form a unified whole, the feeding unit feeds through the vibrating feeder, and the material is graded by the tooth type classifier; x-ray The excitation unit provides an x-ray excitation source to the system through the x-ray tube, and selects an appropriate energy x-ray through the filter; the characteristic spectrum receiving unit receives the characteristic spectrum through the characteristic spectrum receiving sensor; and the computer analysis control unit acquires the characteristic spectrum through the spectral acquisition system.
  • the industrial computer analyzes the spectral signal, and the command output system outputs the sorting command; the sorting unit sorts the ore through the wear-resistant kick plate, the electromagnetic push rod or the nozzle, and the working process is that the feeding unit supplies the material for the sorting machine, the x-ray
  • the excitation unit excites the ore to be tested to produce a characteristic x-ray spectrum, followed by a characteristic spectrum receipt Receiving characteristic x-ray spectroscopy, and then analyzing the spectral analysis by a computer control unit and issuing sorting instructions based on the analysis result of the last executed by the sorting unit sorting instructions. It is used in the concentrating plant to sort magnetic or non-magnetic minerals, and has the advantages of high product extraction, high recovery rate, large processing capacity, low water consumption and high automation.
  • the X-ray used is an electromagnetic wave having a very short wavelength and a large energy, and has a strong fluorescence action and a diffraction effect in the crystal.
  • the invention utilizes the recognition effect of X-ray fluorescence or diffraction on different substances as the working principle of ore component identification, and sorts the useful element content of the ore based on X-ray detection for the ore pre-selection stage.
  • an X-ray ore pre-selector that utilizes X-ray fluorescence to distinguish useful components and their contents.
  • the device of the invention mainly comprises a feeding unit, an x-ray excitation unit, a characteristic spectrum receiving unit, a computer analysis control unit and a sorting unit.
  • the computer analysis control unit 6 of the industrial computer 24 and the command output system 25 has a sorting unit 3 with a cylinder 10 and a wear-resistant kick plate 9.
  • the feeding unit feeds through the vibrating feeder and feeds the material through the tooth-shaped classifier.
  • the x-ray excitation unit excites the ore to be tested to generate a characteristic x-ray spectrum
  • the characteristic spectrum receiving unit receives the characteristic x-ray spectrum
  • the computer The analysis control unit analyzes the spectrum and issues a sorting instruction based on the analysis result.
  • the sorting unit executes the sorting instruction for the sorting of the magnetic or non-magnetic ore.
  • the feeding unit is composed of a feeding bin, a vibration motor, a vibration platform, a tooth profiler, a fine material passage, a fine material trough, a chute motor and a chute, and is used for providing a stable feeding state for the device;
  • the x-ray excitation unit It is composed of an x-ray source, a high-voltage power source, a filter, a constant temperature and humidity device, and is used for emitting excitation x-rays to the ore to be tested;
  • the characteristic spectrum receiving unit is composed of a characteristic spectrum receiving sensor and a filter for receiving the ore to be tested.
  • the characteristic spectrum released by the x-ray excitation; the computer analysis control unit is composed of an industrial computer, a central control unit, a spectrum acquisition system, and a command output system for analyzing the spectrum received by the sensor, and then outputting the sorting command to the minute
  • the unit is composed of a cylinder, a wear-resistant kick plate, and a fine tailings sorting mechanism, and is used to perform a sorting instruction output by the computer analysis control unit to sort the ore to be measured.
  • the feed bin in the feeding unit is an inverted trapezoidal bucket with a large upper and a lower, and a bin door with a counterweight is installed on the lower side thereof, and the counterweight is adjusted by the thread.
  • the feed bin is located at the top of the electromagnetic vibrating feeder, and the electromagnetic vibrating feeder is connected to the chute.
  • the trough shape of the chute is a U-shaped chute, which ensures that the ore can form a row of ore flow and is fed to the sensor portion on the characteristic spectrum receiving unit.
  • One or more chutes of one device can be arranged depending on the amount of processing.
  • the chute has a certain angle with the horizontal direction. The angle is adjustable, and there is spring support between the chute and the frame.
  • the discharge port of the chute is located on the upper side of the characteristic spectrum receiving unit, and the ore falls from the chute just before passing through the sensor of the characteristic spectrum receiving unit.
  • the characteristic spectrum receiving unit is located below the feeding unit chute, and is composed of a characteristic spectrum receiving sensor, a filter, and a filter covering the sensor window.
  • the characteristic spectrum receiving sensor can distinguish a plurality of elements, and the invention can sort a plurality of elements by setting parameters, and the sorting precision is high and the efficiency is high.
  • the characteristic spectrum receiving unit may distinguish the ore by various methods such as X-ray fluorescence or X-ray diffraction, and the two characteristic methods correspond to different characteristic spectrum receiving units.
  • the x-ray excitation unit is located below the characteristic spectrum receiving unit and is associated with a computer analysis control sheet
  • the element is placed in the same box, and the box is supported by the spring on the bracket.
  • the x-ray excitation unit first emits the excitation x-ray from the x-ray tube, and then the filter selects the appropriate energy or wavelength according to the characteristics of the ore element to be selected. The x-rays excite the ore to be selected.
  • the sorting unit is located at the lower side of the box bracket, and is mainly composed of a cylinder, a wear-resistant kick plate, and a fine tailings feed chute.
  • the sorting instruction of the calculation and control unit is executed, and the content of useful elements in the ore is increased by the action of the sorting mechanism.
  • the ore and waste rock are separated, and the fine tailings distribution tank is composed of a concentrate receiving tank and a waste rock receiving tank. It is used to receive the concentrate and waste rock produced after the ore sorting.
  • the concentrate receiving tank is located on the side of the ore element after the ore is sorted into two falling paths by falling through a sorting mechanism.
  • the waste rock receiving trough is located below the side where the waste rock falls.
  • the chute in the feeding unit may also be a flat chute with a lateral strip-shaped projection.
  • the sorting unit of the sorting unit may also be one or a combination of a pneumatic kick plate, an electromagnetic kick plate or a jet blow nozzle, which may be used to change the ore drop path to separate the waste rock and useful minerals. The role.
  • the technology of the present invention allows the ore to be distributed through the cloth of the feeding unit, and the ore to be selected is excited by the x-ray excitation source to release the characteristic spectrum of the ore element, and then the characteristic spectrum receiving unit receives the characteristic spectrum of the ore to be tested. And after the internal data processor performs preliminary processing on the data, the data is transmitted to the calculation and analysis control unit, and the calculation and analysis control unit calculates the action signal.
  • the sorting mechanism of the sorting unit receives the action signal and performs a sorting action to separate the waste rock and the ore having a high content of useful elements into two falling paths. The waste rock and the ore with high content of useful elements fall apart and fall into the waste rock receiving trough and the concentrate receiving trough respectively for sorting purposes.
  • the feeding unit is mainly composed of a feeding unit with adjustable feeding speed and feeding particle size, a characteristic spectrum receiving unit 4 capable of converting a characteristic spectral signal into an electric signal, and a sorting unit for pushing the wear-resistant kick plate 9 by using the cylinder 10. 3.
  • a calculation analysis control unit 6 with a fast analysis of the signal provided by the characteristic spectrum receiving unit 4 and a quick response in accordance with the user's threshold setting.
  • the feeding unit 1 is divided by the feeding bin 13, the vibration motor 14, the vibration platform 17, and the tooth shape
  • the device 16, the fine material passage 12, the fine material tank 15, the chute motor 18, and the chute 11 are used to provide a stable feeding state for the equipment.
  • the feed bin 13 is located at the top end of the feeding unit 1 and is the feed port of the sorting machine.
  • the vibration motor 14 is located at the rear side of the feed bin 13 to adjust the feed rate.
  • the vibration platform 17 is connected to the outlet of the feed bin.
  • the sorter cloth, the tooth profiler 16 is connected to the end of the vibration platform 17, the lower part of the tooth profiler 16 is a fine channel 12, the bottom of the channel is a fine groove 15, and the toothed classifier 16 is a side-by-side cylindrical rod.
  • the end of the cylindrical rod is processed into a conical shape, and the side of the conical end is a chute 11 along the feeding direction, and an even number of chute motors 18 are installed on both sides of the center of the chute 11 to adjust the feeding speed of the chute 11.
  • the feed bin 13 is an inverted trapezoidal bucket that is large and small, and a door with a counterweight is attached to the lower side thereof, and the counterweight is adjusted by threads.
  • the tooth profiler 16 is mainly composed of a toothed column, the one connected to the vibration platform 17 is cylindrical, the end is conical, and the cone end is located at the outlet end of the discharge direction, and the vibration platform is arranged according to the granularity of the material sorted by the device. 17 outlets and 4--50 side by side along the discharge direction have the effect of sieving the ore.
  • the fine material discharge is carried out through the fine material passage 12 and the fine material tank 7, both of which are located at the bottom of the toothed classifier 16, and have the function of recovering the fine material.
  • the chute motor 18 and the chute 11 are located obliquely below the toothed classifier 16, and have the function of uniformly distributing the ore in a plurality of sorting channels and adjusting the graded ore feeding speed.
  • the chute 11 is located on the tapered end side of the teeth of the toothed classifier 16, and an even number of chute motors 18 are symmetrically arranged around the chute 11, and the chute is a U-shaped structure, and the protrusion can be set according to the condition of the cloth.
  • the characteristic spectrum receiving unit 4, the x-ray excitation unit 5 and the computer analysis control unit 6 are packaged together by the same box, and the box material can shield the x-ray radiation, and the package box 2 is in the chute 11
  • the vertical distance A is between 50mm and 230mm
  • the horizontal distance B is between 0mm and -50mm
  • the angle between the package body 2 and the horizontal plane is ⁇ 60-60°
  • the x-ray excitation unit 5 The angle of the clockwise angle ⁇ with the horizontal plane is 0--22°
  • the center of the wear-resistant kick plate 9 of the sorting unit 3 is the horizontal distance C of the center of the fine tailings-distributing mechanism: 300mm--1000mm, vertical distance D
  • the size is 500mm - 1200mm.
  • the characteristic spectrum receiving unit 4 can pass X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction, and the like. The method is to distinguish the ore, and the characteristic ray receiving units corresponding to the two discrimination modes are different for different embodiments.
  • the X-ray fluorescence receiving unit 4 is composed of a characteristic spectrum receiving sensor 20, a filter 19, is located below the chute 11, has a receiving characteristic spectrum, and processes the spectral signal into a computer-recognized digital signal, and the filter 19 is interposed. The ore is between the characteristic light ray receiving sensor 20.
  • the X-ray diffraction receiving unit 4 is composed of a characteristic spectrum receiving sensor 20 and a filter 19, and is located below the chute 11, and has a digital signal that receives the diffracted x-ray and processes the spectral signal into a computer identification.
  • the X-ray excitation unit 5 mainly comprises an x-ray tube 22, a filter 21, a high voltage power supply, and a filter 21 between the ore and the x-ray tube 22, located below the characteristic spectrum receiving unit 4, for exciting the ore element.
  • Characteristic x-ray The X-ray excitation source 5 may be a point source that emits a circular illumination area to the material or a lateral linear illumination area.
  • the circular irradiation area is aligned with a certain channel, and a single ore can be separately irradiated and analyzed.
  • the linear illumination zone allows for lateral illumination of all materials dropped by a conventional vibratory feeder.
  • the sorting mechanism of the sorting unit 3 may be in the form of a pneumatic kick plate, an electromagnetic kick plate or a combination of high pressure gas nozzles, which may be utilized to change the ore drop path to separate the waste rock and useful minerals.
  • the pneumatic kick plate sorting mechanism is composed of a cylinder 10 and a wear-resistant kick plate 9 and is located below the x-ray excitation unit 5, and has an actuator that performs a sorting command in real time.
  • the electromagnetic kick plate sorting mechanism is composed of an electromagnetic push rod and a wear-resistant kick plate 9, and the position and function are the same as the pneumatic kick plate.
  • the high-pressure nozzle sorting mechanism is composed of a high-pressure nozzle and a control solenoid valve, and the position and function are the same as the pneumatic kick plate.
  • the wear-resistant kick plate 9 of the sorting unit 3 is disposed on a strut extending from the cylinder 10, and the wear-resistant kick plate 9 is made of a wear-resistant material or a wear-resistant material is provided on the wear-resistant kick plate 9 to increase wear resistance.
  • the computer analysis control unit 6 is composed of the industrial computer 24, the spectrum acquisition system 23, the command output system 25, and is packaged in the box together with the x-ray excitation unit 5, and the buffer vibration is achieved by the insulation spring between the package body 2 and the frame body.
  • another central control unit 26 is placed in the central control room to set the sorting parameters and monitor the operating status of the sorting machine in real time.
  • Each central control unit 26 can be interconnected with multiple industrial computers at the same time.
  • Network cable or wireless connection The central control unit 26 is placed in the set Externally, the network cable is connected to the industrial computer 24 in the device to transmit signals or to transmit signals through the wireless connection.
  • a central control unit 26 can be interconnected with a plurality of industrial computers 24 at the same time.
  • the sorting method using the above-mentioned X-ray identification-based ore intelligent sorting device is as follows:
  • the operator sets the corresponding sorting parameters on the central control unit 26 according to the local environmental characteristics, the element distribution characteristics of the ore to be selected, and transmits the parameters to the sorting site through the network cable or wirelessly.
  • Industrial computer 24 the operator sets the corresponding sorting parameters on the central control unit 26 according to the local environmental characteristics, the element distribution characteristics of the ore to be selected, and transmits the parameters to the sorting site through the network cable or wirelessly.
  • the industrial computer 24 turns on the x-ray excitation unit 5, the characteristic spectrum receiving unit 4, the feeding unit 1, and the sorting machine starts to work.
  • the x-ray excitation unit 5 excites the ore to generate a characteristic spectrum.
  • the characteristic spectrum receiving unit 4 receives the characteristic spectrum generated by the ore and processes the characteristic spectrum into the spectrum collecting system 23.
  • the spectrum is transmitted to the industrial computer 24, and the industrial computer 24 compares the spectral signal with the sorting parameter transmitted by the central control unit 26 in the first step, and finally obtains The sorting command is output, and the sorting command is output to the sorting unit 3 via the command output system 25.
  • the sorting unit 3 executes the sorting instruction after receiving the sorting instruction, and finally completes one sorting.
  • the seventh step is to cycle from the third step to the sixth step.
  • combinations can be made using the apparatus disclosed herein. That is to use the process parameters or performance requirements used in the field, multiple sets of equipment are used in series, the first set of equipment is pre-roughed, and the second set of equipment connected in series with the first set of equipment is rough-selected. Three sets of equipment are subdivided and selected, and so on, to form a complete set of sorting equipment.

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Abstract

一种基于X射线识别的矿石智能分选设备，包括带有齿形分级器（16）的给料单元（1）、带有滤光片（21）的x射线激励单元（5）、带有滤光片（19）的特征光谱接收单元（4），带有中控机（26）、光谱采集系统（23）、工控机（24）和指令输出系统（25）的计算机分析控制单元（6）及带有气缸（10）和耐磨踢板（9）的分选单元（3），给料单元（1）通过振动给料机给料，通过齿形分级器（16）给物料分级，x射线激励单元（5）激励待测矿石产生特征x射线光谱，特征光谱接收单元（4）接收特征x射线光谱，再由计算机分析控制单元（6）分析光谱并根据分析结果发出分选指令。以及一种使用上述基于X射线识别的矿石智能分选设备的分选方法。该设备和方法用于选矿厂对磁性或非磁性矿进行分选，具有提品幅度高、回收率高、处理量大、用水量低、自动化程度高等优点。

Description

一种基于x射线识别的矿石智能分选设备及方法 技术领域
本发明属于矿石分选技术领域，具体涉及一种基于X射线识别的矿石智能分选设备及方法，其属于新型智能矿石分选设备。适用于对矿石中多种有用成分含量进行测定和同步分选。
背景技术
在选矿领域中，由于铁矿、煤矿等矿石储量相对较大，在日常生产生活中的应用最广，决定了其选矿工艺和选矿设备得到了长足的发展。尤其对于铁矿而言，国内多贫少富的特征促使国内铁矿选矿工艺和设备达到了非常高的水准甚至在世界处于领先地位。而对于矿石中含量更加稀少，分布更加分散的稀有重、贵金属、非金属等矿石却没有一个相对较统一分选灵活的设备来进行分选。
对于含有例如铜、金、银、钼、镍、钨、铅、锌、钒等有价元素的矿石，由于其在矿石中含量相对稀少，矿石开采下来后原矿直接进入到破碎磨选阶段会大幅消耗人力、物力、财力。所以需要对矿石进行预选。而目前针对磁选无法分选的矿种，预选方式多采用手选，而手选分选存在分选成本高、效率低、精度差等现象。
发明内容
为了解决上述问题，本发明人经过多次设计和研究，提出了一种基于x射线识别的矿石智能分选设备及方法，该技术基于X射线对矿石中有用元素及其含量进行识别，并利用分选单元对具有不同含量元素的矿石进行分选，并且可以仅仅在一台设备上就能实现对含有多种元素的矿石进行检测和分 选。
依据本发明的第一方面，提供一种基于X射线识别的矿石智能分选设备，包括带有齿形分级器16的给料单元1、带有滤光片21的x射线激励单元5、带有滤光片19的特征光谱接收单元4，带有中控机26、光谱采集系统23、工控机24和指令输出系统25的计算机分析控制单元6，带有气缸10和耐磨踢板9的分选单元3，给料单元通过振动给料机给料，通过齿形分级器给物料分级，x射线激励单元激励待测矿石产生特征x射线光谱，特征光谱接收单元接收特征x射线光谱，再由计算机分析控制单元分析光谱并根据分析结果发出分选指令，最后由分选单元执行分选指令，用于选矿厂对磁性或非磁性矿进行分选。
其中，给料单元1由进料仓13、振动电机14、振动平台17、细料通道12、细料槽15、溜槽电机18、溜槽11组成，齿形分级器16的齿是圆柱形末端加工成圆锥形，位于振动平台17出口且顺着排料方向并排设置；齿形分级器16的齿的圆锥端位于排料方向的出口端。溜槽11位于齿形分级器16的齿的圆锥端一侧，以溜槽11为中心对称设置偶数个溜槽电机18；溜槽11为U形，溜槽的U形槽内的槽面上可以根据需求设置布料凸起。
计算机分析控制单元6、x射线激励单元5、特征光谱接收单元4均封装在封装箱体2内；封装箱体2由可屏蔽X射线的材料制成。封装箱体2在溜槽11前沿的正下方垂直距离(A尺寸)50mm--230mm之间；封装箱体2前沿距溜槽11的出口沿水平距离(B尺寸)为0mm--100mm之间；封装箱体2与水平面的顺时针夹角(θ夹角)为0--60°。
进一步地，中控机26放置于设备外部，通过网线与设备内的工控机24连接传递信号或者通过无线连接传递信号；一台中控机26可同时与多个工控机24互联。分选单元3的耐磨踢板9设置在气缸10内伸出的支杆上，耐磨踢板9采用耐磨材料制成或者在耐磨踢板9设置耐磨材料来增加耐磨性。
优选地，x射线激励单元5主要包含有x射线管22，滤光片21，高压电 源，恒温恒湿器组成；x射线激励单元5发出的X射线可以是点光源对物料发出圆形照射区，也可以发出横向线性照射区；x射线激励单元5中的滤光片21安装位置介于待测矿石与x射线管22之间。特征光谱接收单元4由特征光谱接收传感器20，滤光片19组成，滤光片19介于矿石与特征光谱接收传感器20之间。
依据本发明的第二方面，提供使用上述基于X射线识别的矿石智能分选设备的分选方法，其中包括以下步骤：
第一步，操作人员在中控室中控机26上按照本地的环境特点，待选矿石的元素分布特点等状况，设定相应的分选参数，并通过网线或者无线把参数传递给分选现场工控机24.
第二步，工控机24接收到中控机26设定的分选参数后，打开x射线激励单元5，特征光谱接收单元4，给料单元1，分选机开始工作；
第三步，当给料单元1提供的待选矿石自由落体进入x射线激励单元5辐射范围内，x射线激励单元5激励矿石产生特征光谱；
第四步，特征光谱接收单元4，接收矿石产生的特征光谱，并把特征光谱经处理后输入到光谱采集系统23；
第五步，特征光谱再次经光谱采集系统23处理后，把光谱传递给工控机24，工控机24会把光谱信号与第一步中中控机26传递的分选参数作比较，并最终得出分选指令，并把分选指令经指令输出系统25输出到分选单元3；
第六步，分选单元3接收到分选指令后执行分选指令，最终完成一次分选；
第七步，循环第三步到第六步。
本发明基于x射线识别的矿石智能分选设备及方法，实现了设备构造简单、设计合理，填补了此类矿石预选空白，值得广泛的推广应用。并且基 于x射线识别的矿石智能分选设备及方法的使用，仅仅利用一台套设备就能代替手选来针对金属、非金属矿和其它稀有矿石进行分选，进而使在磁选中无法进行预选的矿石进行预选，提前丢弃大量的低品位或者不合格的废矿来降低选矿成本，提高选矿效率并稳定后续矿石分选品位。
附图说明
图1为依据本发明的基于X射线识别的矿石智能分选设备结构示意图；
图2为基于X射线识别的矿石智能分选设备封装箱体结构示意图；
图3为基于X射线识别的矿石智能分选设备给料单元第一结构示意图1；
图4为基于X射线识别的矿石智能分选设备给料单元第二结构示意图2；
图5为基于X射线识别的矿石智能分选设备特征光谱接收单元结构示意图；
图6为基于X射线识别的矿石智能分选设备x射线激励单元结构示意图；
图7为基于X射线识别的矿石智能分选设备计算机分析控制单元结构示意图；
图8为基于X射线识别的矿石智能分选设备分选单元结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明的一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。另外，不应当将本发明的保护范围仅仅限制至下述具体结构或部件或具体参数。
本发明的基于X射线识别的矿石智能分选设备及方法，是一种利用X射 线荧光或者衍射原理来辨别有用成分及其含量的X射线矿石预选机，提供了一种可以在一台设备上实现对多种元素进行检测和分选的设备，其主要包括给料单元，x射线激励单元，特征光谱接收单元，计算机分析控制单元及分选单元，各个单元相互联系形成一个统一的整体，给料单元通过振动给料机给料，通过齿形分级器给物料分级；x射线激励单元通过x射线管给系统提供x射线激励源，通过滤光片挑选适合能量的x射线；特征光谱接收单元通过特征光谱接收传感器接收特征光谱；计算机分析控制单元通过光谱采集系统采集特征光谱，工控机分析光谱信号，指令输出系统输出分选指令；分选单元通过耐磨踢板、电磁推杆或者喷嘴等分选矿石，其工作流程为给料单元为分选机提供给料，x射线激励单元激励待测矿石产生特征x射线光谱，接着特征光谱接收单元接收特征x射线光谱，再由计算机分析控制单元分析光谱并根据分析结果发出分选指令，最后由分选单元执行分选指令。其用于选矿厂对磁性或非磁性矿进行分选，具有提品幅度高、回收率高、处理量大、用水量低、自动化程度高等优点。
在本发明中，所利用的X射线是一种波长极短、能量很大的电磁波，其具有强的荧光作用、晶体中的衍射作用。本发明就是利用X射线的荧光作用或衍射作用对不同物质具有的识别作用作为矿石成分识别的工作原理，针对矿石预选阶段基于X射线检测矿石有用元素含量来进行分选的。
在本发明中，其利用X射线荧光来辨别有用成分及其含量的X射线矿石预选机。本发明的设备主要包括给料单元，x射线激励单元，特征光谱接收单元，计算机分析控制单元及分选单元。带有齿形分级器16的给料单元1、带有滤光片21的x射线激励单元5、带有滤光片19的特征光谱接收单元4，带有中控机26、光谱采集系统23、工控机24和指令输出系统25的计算机分析控制单元6，带有气缸10和耐磨踢板9的分选单元3，给料单元通过振动给料机给料，通过齿形分级器给物料分级，x射线激励单元激励待测矿石产生特征x射线光谱，特征光谱接收单元接收特征x射线光谱，再由计算机 分析控制单元分析光谱并根据分析结果发出分选指令，最后由分选单元执行分选指令，用于选矿厂对磁性或非磁性矿进行分选。
其中，给料单元由进料仓、振动电机、振动平台、齿形分级器、细料通道、细料槽、溜槽电机、溜槽组成，用来为设备提供稳定的供料状态；x射线激励单元由x射线源，高压电源，滤光片，恒温恒湿器组成，用来向待测矿石发射激励x射线；特征光谱接收单元由特征光谱接收传感器，滤光片组成，用来接收待测矿石被x射线激励后所释放的特征光谱；计算机分析控制单元由工控机，中控机，光谱采集系统，指令输出系统组成，用来把传感器接收的光谱进行分析，然后把分选指令输出到分选单元；分选单元主要由气缸，耐磨踢板，精尾矿分料机构组成，用来执行计算机分析控制单元输出的分选指令进而对待测矿石进行分选。
进一步地，给料单元中的进料仓为上大下小的倒梯形斗，在其下部一侧安装有带配重的仓门，配重通过螺纹调节。进料仓位于电磁振动给料机的顶部，电磁振动给料机与溜槽连接。溜槽的槽形为U形溜槽，可以保证矿石能够形成一排矿石流，给入到特征光谱接收单元上的传感器部处。溜槽内壁上有间距分布的条形凸起。依据处理量一台设备的溜槽可以阵列1个以上。溜槽与水平方向具有一定夹角。夹角可调，溜槽与架体之间有弹簧支撑。溜槽的出料口位于特征光谱接收单元上侧，矿石从溜槽掉落后刚好可以从特征光谱接收单元的传感器前方经过。
特征光谱接收单元位于给料单元溜槽的下边，由特征光谱接收传感器，滤光片组成，滤光片覆盖于传感器窗口之上。特征光谱接收传感器可以对多种元素进行辨别，本发明可以通过设置参数对多种元素进行分选，分选精度高，效率高。此外，特征光谱接收单元可以通过X射线荧光或X射线衍射等多种方式来对矿石进行辨别，这两种辨别方式对应的特征光谱接收单元不同。
x射线激励单元位于特征光谱接收单元下方，并且与计算机分析控制单 元一块放置在同一箱体内，箱体再由弹簧支撑于支架上，x射线激励单元首先由x射线管发射激励x射线，然后由滤光片根据待选矿石元素的特点选择合适能量或波长的x射线激励待选矿石。
分选单元位于箱体支架的下边，主要由气缸，耐磨踢板，精尾矿分料槽组成，执行计算分析控制单元的分选指令，通过分选机构的动作把矿石中有用元素含量多的矿石和废石分开，精尾矿分料槽由精矿接收槽、废石接收槽组成。用于接收原矿分选后产生的精矿和废石。其中精矿接收槽位于矿石通过下落经过分选机构分选成两路下落路径后，含有用元素的一侧。废石接收槽位于废石下落的一侧下方。进一步地，给料单元中的溜槽的也可以是平板溜槽，溜槽上带有横向条形凸起。此外，分选单元的分选机构也可以是气动踢板形式，电磁踢板或者喷气式吹嘴等其中的一种或几种组合体，其可以用来改变矿石下落路径达到分开废石和有用矿物的作用。
综上，本发明的技术，使矿石通过给料单元的布料分料，待选矿石经过x射线激励源的激励释放矿石元素的特征光谱，然后再由特征光谱接收单元接收待测矿石的特征光谱并且内部数据处理器对数据进行初步处理后，把数据传递给计算分析控制单元，计算分析控制单元经过计算得到动作信号。分选单元的分选机构接收动作信号之后进行分选动作，把废石和有用元素含量高的矿石分开成两个下落路径。废石和有用元素含量高的矿石分开下落，分别落入废石接收槽和精矿接收槽达到分选的目的。
下面结合附图来说明本发明，本发明是一种利用X射线荧光来辨别有用元素及其含量的X射线矿石预选机。其主要由给料速度可调、给料粒度分级的给料单元1、带有可把特征光谱信号转换为电信号的特征光谱接收单元4、采用气缸10推动耐磨踢板9的分选单元3、带有可对特征光谱接收单元4提供的信号进行快速分析，并按照用户的阈值设定做出快速响应的计算分析控制单元6。
其中，给料单元1由进料仓13、振动电机14、振动平台17、齿形分级 器16、细料通道12、细料槽15、溜槽电机18、溜槽11组成，用来为设备提供稳定的供料状态。进料仓13位于给料单元1最顶端，是分选机的进料口，振动电机14位于进料仓13的后侧，调节给料速度，振动平台17与进料仓的出口连接，为分选机布料，齿形分级器16与振动平台17的末端连接，齿形分级器16下部为细料通道12，通道底部为为细料槽15，齿形分级器16为并排的圆柱杆，圆柱杆的末端加工成圆锥形，圆锥端一侧顺着给料方向为溜槽11，在溜槽11中心的两侧安装偶数个溜槽电机18，调节溜槽11的给料速度。进料仓13为上大下小的倒梯形斗，在其下部一侧安装有带配重的仓门，配重通过螺纹调节。
齿形分级器16主要由齿形柱杆组成，与振动平台17连接的一方为圆柱形，末端为圆锥形，圆锥端位于排料方向的出口端，按照设备分选物料的粒度情况在振动平台17出口且顺着排料方向并排设置4--50个，具有对矿石进行粒度筛分的作用。细料排矿通过细料通道12，细料槽7进行，两者位于齿形分级器16的底部，具有回收细料的作用。溜槽电机18、溜槽11位于齿形分级器16的斜下方，具有把矿石均匀分布在若干分选通道内，调节分级给矿速度的作用。溜槽11位于齿形分级器16的齿的圆锥端一侧，以溜槽11为中心对称设置偶数个溜槽电机18，溜槽为U形结构，可根据布料情况设置凸起。
特征光谱接收单元4、x射线激励单元5和计算机分析控制单元6(不含中控机)被同一箱体封装在一起，且箱体材料可屏蔽x射线辐射，封装箱体2在溜槽11的正下方垂直距离A尺寸50mm--230mm之间，水平距离B尺寸为0mm--50mm之间，封装箱体2与水平面的顺时针夹角θ夹角为0--60°；x射线激励单元5与水平面的顺时针夹角θ夹角为0--22°；分选单元3的耐磨踢板9中心距离精尾矿分料机构中心水平距离C尺寸为300mm--1000mm，垂直距离D尺寸为500mm--1200mm。
进一步地，特征光谱接收单元4可以通过X射线荧光、X射线衍射等多 种方式来对矿石进行辨别，这两种辨别方式对应的特征射线接收单元不同分别为不同的实施例。X射线荧光接收单元4由特征光谱接收传感器20，滤光片19组成，位于溜槽11的下方，具有接收特征光谱，并对光谱信号进行处理转化为计算机识别的数字信号，滤光片19介于矿石与特征光射线收传感器20之间。X射线衍射接收单元4由特征光谱接收传感器20及滤光片19组成，位于溜槽11的下方，具有接收衍射x射线，并对光谱信号进行处理转化为计算机识别的数字信号。
X射线激励单元5主要包含有x射线管22，滤光片21，高压电源，滤光片21介于矿石与x射线管22之间，位于特征光谱接收单元4的下方，用来激励矿石元素的特征x射线。X射线激励源5可以是点光源对物料发出圆形照射区，也可以发出横向线性照射区。圆形照射区对准某一通道，可以对某块矿石单独照射分析。线性照射区可以对采用普通振动给料器落下的所有物料进行横向照射。
分选单元3的分选机构可以是气动踢板形式，电磁踢板或者高压气嘴中的一种或几种组合体，其可以被利用改变矿石下落路径达到分开废石和有用矿物的作用。气动踢板分选机构由气缸10及耐磨踢板9组成，位于x射线激励单元5下方，具有实时执行分选命令的执行机构。电磁踢板分选机构由电磁推杆，耐磨踢板9组成，位置与作用同气动踢板。高压气嘴分选机构由高压喷嘴，控制电磁阀组成，位置与作用同气动踢板。分选单元3的耐磨踢板9设置在气缸10内伸出的支杆上，耐磨踢板9采用耐磨材料制成或者在耐磨踢板9设置耐磨材料来增加耐磨性。
计算机分析控制单元6由工控机24，光谱采集系统23，指令输出系统25组成，与x射线激励单元5，一同封装在箱体内，封装箱体2与架体之间通过绝缘弹簧达到缓冲振动以及与架体绝缘的目的，另外一台中控机26安置在中控室,用来设定分选参数、实时监测分选机运行状态，每台中控机26可同时与多台工控机互联，可通过网线或者无线连接。中控机26放置于设 备外部，通过网线与设备内的工控机24连接传递信号或者通过无线连接传递信号。一台中控机26可同时与多个工控机24互联。
使用上述基于X射线识别的矿石智能分选设备的分选方法如下：
第一步，操作人员在中控室中控机26上按照本地的环境特点，待选矿石的元素分布特点等状况，设定相应的分选参数，并通过网线或者无线把参数传递给分选现场工控机24.
第二步，工控机24接收到中控机26设定的分选参数后，打开x射线激励单元5，特征光谱接收单元4，给料单元1，分选机开始工作。
第三步，当给料单元1提供的待选矿石自由落体进入x射线激励单元5辐射范围内，x射线激励单元5激励矿石产生特征光谱。
第四步，特征光谱接收单元4，接收矿石产生的特征光谱，并把特征光谱经处理后输入到光谱采集系统23。
第五步，特征光谱再次经光谱采集系统23处理后，把光谱传递给工控机24，工控机24会把光谱信号与第一步中中控机26传递的分选参数作比较，并最终得出分选指令，并把分选指令经指令输出系统25输出到分选单元3。
第六步，分选单元3接收到分选指令后执行分选指令，最终完成一次分选。
第七步，循环第三步到第六步。
更进一步地，使用本发明公开的设备，可以进行组合。也就是利用现场所使用的的工艺参数或性能要求，将多台套设备串联使用，第一台套设备作为预粗选，与第一台套设备串联的第二台套设备进行粗选，第三台套设备进行细分选等，以此类推等，进而形成一套完整的分选设备串。
以上所述，仅为本发明较佳的具体实施方式，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到的变化或替换，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。本领域普通的技术人员可以理解，在不背离所附权利要求定义的本发明的精神和范围的情 况下，可以在形式和细节中做出各种各样的修改。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种基于X射线识别的矿石智能分选设备，其特征在于：包括带有齿形分级器(16)的给料单元(1)、带有滤光片(21)的x射线激励单元(5)、带有滤光片(19)的特征光谱接收单元(4)，带有中控机(26)、光谱采集系统(23)、工控机(24)和指令输出系统(25)的计算机分析控制单元(6)，带有气缸(10)和耐磨踢板(9)的分选单元(3)，给料单元通过振动给料机给料，通过齿形分级器给物料分级，x射线激励单元激励待测矿石产生特征x射线光谱，特征光谱接收单元接收特征x射线光谱，再由计算机分析控制单元分析光谱并根据分析结果发出分选指令，最后由分选单元执行分选指令，用于选矿厂对磁性或非磁性矿进行分选。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的基于X射线识别的矿石智能分选设备，其特征在于：给料单元(1)由进料仓(13)、振动电机(14)、振动平台(17)、细料通道(12)、细料槽(15)、溜槽电机(18)、溜槽(11)组成，齿形分级器(16)的齿是圆柱形末端加工成圆锥形，位于振动平台(17)出口且顺着排料方向并排设置；齿形分级器(16)的齿的圆锥端位于排料方向的出口端。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的基于X射线识别的矿石智能分选设备，其特征在于：溜槽(11)位于齿形分级器(16)的齿的圆锥端一侧，以溜槽(11)为中心对称设置偶数个溜槽电机(18)；溜槽(11)为U形，溜槽的U形槽内的槽面上可以根据需求设置布料凸起。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的基于X射线识别的矿石智能分选设备，其特征在于：计算机分析控制单元(6)、x射线激励单元(5)、特征光谱接收 单元(4)均封装在封装箱体(2)内；封装箱体(2)由可屏蔽X射线的材料制成。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的基于X射线识别的矿石智能分选设备，其特征在于：封装箱体(2)在溜槽(11)前沿的正下方垂直距离(A尺寸)50mm--230mm之间；封装箱体(2)前沿距溜槽(11)的出口沿水平距离(B尺寸)为0mm--100mm之间；封装箱体(2)与水平面的顺时针夹角(θ夹角)为0--60°。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的基于X射线识别的矿石智能分选设备，其特征在于：中控机(26)放置于设备外部，通过网线与设备内的工控机(24)连接传递信号或者通过无线连接传递信号；一台中控机(26)可同时与多个工控机(24)互联。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的基于X射线识别的矿石智能分选设备，其特征在于：分选单元(3)的耐磨踢板(9)设置在气缸(10)内伸出的支杆上，耐磨踢板(9)采用耐磨材料制成或者在耐磨踢板(9)设置耐磨材料来增加耐磨性。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的基于X射线识别的矿石智能分选设备，其特征在于：x射线激励单元(5)主要包含有x射线管(22)，滤光片(21)，高压电源，恒温恒湿器组成；x射线激励单元(5)发出的X射线可以是点光源对物料发出圆形照射区，也可以发出横向线性照射区；x射线激励单元(5)中的滤光片(21)安装位置介于待测矿石与x射线管(22)之间。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的基于X射线识别的矿石智能分选设备，其特征在于：特征光谱接收单元(4)由特征光谱接收传感器(20)，滤光片(19)组 成，滤光片(19)介于矿石与特征光谱接收传感器(20)之间。
  10. 使用权利要求1－9之任一所述基于X射线识别的矿石智能分选设备的分选方法，其中包括以下步骤：
    第一步，操作人员在中控室中控机(26)上按照本地的环境特点、待选矿石的元素分布特点，设定相应的分选参数，并通过网线或者无线把参数传递给分选现场工控机(24)；
    第二步，工控机24接收到中控机(26)设定的分选参数后，打开x射线激励单元(5)、特征光谱接收单元(4)和给料单元，分选机开始工作；
    第三步，当给料单元(1)提供的待选矿石自由落体进入x射线激励单元5辐射范围内，x射线激励单元(5)激励矿石产生特征光谱；
    第四步，特征光谱接收单元(4)，接收矿石产生的特征光谱，并把特征光谱经处理后输入到光谱采集系统(23)；
    第五步，特征光谱再次经光谱采集系统(23)处理后，把光谱传递给工控机(24)，工控机(24)会把光谱信号与第一步中中控机(26)传递的分选参数作比较，并最终得出分选指令，并把分选指令经指令输出系统(25)输出到分选单元(3)；
    第六步，分选单元(3)接收到分选指令后执行分选指令，最终完成一次分选；
    第七步，循环第三步到第六步。
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