WO2018142682A1 - 二次電池用負極、二次電池、電池パック、電動車両、電力貯蔵システム、電動工具および電子機器 - Google Patents
二次電池用負極、二次電池、電池パック、電動車両、電力貯蔵システム、電動工具および電子機器 Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/362—Composites
- H01M4/364—Composites as mixtures
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/133—Electrodes based on carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/583—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
- H01M4/587—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx for inserting or intercalating light metals
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/621—Binders
- H01M4/622—Binders being polymers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/621—Binders
- H01M4/622—Binders being polymers
- H01M4/623—Binders being polymers fluorinated polymers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/021—Physical characteristics, e.g. porosity, surface area
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/027—Negative electrodes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present technology relates to a negative electrode for a secondary battery including a negative electrode active material and a negative electrode binder, a secondary battery using the negative electrode for the secondary battery, a battery pack using the secondary battery, an electric vehicle, and a power storage system.
- the present invention relates to electric tools and electronic devices.
- Secondary batteries are not limited to the electronic devices described above, but are also being considered for other uses. Examples of other applications are battery packs that are detachably mounted on electronic devices, electric vehicles such as electric cars, power storage systems such as household power servers, and electric tools such as electric drills.
- This secondary battery includes an electrolyte solution together with a positive electrode and a negative electrode, and the negative electrode includes a negative electrode active material and a negative electrode binder. Since the configuration of the negative electrode greatly affects the battery characteristics, various studies have been made on the configuration of the negative electrode.
- the negative electrode binder in order to improve the adhesion between the separator and the electrode, two or more kinds of materials are used as the negative electrode binder (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
- two types of carbon materials having different physical properties and the like are used as the negative electrode active material (see, for example, Patent Document 2).
- a negative electrode for a secondary battery a secondary battery, a battery pack, an electric vehicle, an electric power storage system, an electric tool, and an electronic device that can obtain excellent battery characteristics.
- a negative electrode for a secondary battery includes a plurality of first negative electrode active material particles, a plurality of second negative electrode active material particles, a first negative electrode binder, and a second negative electrode binder. Is included.
- Each of the plurality of first negative electrode active material particles includes carbon as a constituent element, the R value of the plurality of first negative electrode active material particles is 0.35 or more and 0.45 or less, and the plurality of first negative electrode active material particles
- the median diameter D50 is not less than 5 ⁇ m and not more than 14.5 ⁇ m.
- Each of the plurality of second negative electrode active material particles contains carbon as a constituent element, the R value of the plurality of second negative electrode active material particles is 0.1 or more and 0.25 or less, and the plurality of second negative electrode active material particles
- the median diameter D50 is 15 ⁇ m or more and 25 ⁇ m or less.
- the ratio of the weight of the plurality of first negative electrode active material particles to the sum of the weight of the plurality of first negative electrode active material particles and the weight of the plurality of second negative electrode active material particles is from 10% by weight to 50% by weight.
- the first negative electrode binder contains at least one of styrene butadiene rubber and derivatives thereof, and the second negative electrode binder contains at least one of polyvinylidene fluoride and derivatives thereof.
- a secondary battery according to an embodiment of the present technology includes an electrolyte solution together with a positive electrode and a negative electrode, and the negative electrode has the same configuration as the negative electrode for a secondary battery according to the embodiment of the present technology described above.
- Each of the battery pack, the electric vehicle, the power storage system, the electric tool, and the electronic device according to the embodiment of the present technology includes a secondary battery, and the secondary battery includes the secondary battery according to the embodiment of the present technology described above. It has the same configuration.
- the “R value” is measured by analyzing the plurality of first negative electrode active material particles or the plurality of second negative electrode active material particles using Raman spectroscopy.
- the R value for the intensity IG of the Raman spectrum peaks present in the range of 1570 cm -1 ⁇ 1630 cm -1, the ratio ID / IG of the intensity ID of the Raman spectrum peaks present in the range of 1350 cm -1 ⁇ 1370 cm -1 It is.
- the R value is the intensity ratio of the D bandwidth to the G bandwidth.
- the negative electrode includes a plurality of first negative electrode active material particles, a plurality of second negative electrode active material particles, a first negative electrode binder, and a second negative electrode.
- Each of the plurality of first negative electrode active material particles, the plurality of second negative electrode active material particles, the first negative electrode binder, and the second negative electrode binder contains material, physical properties, dimensions, and a mixture thereof. Since the above-described conditions regarding the ratio are satisfied, excellent battery characteristics can be obtained. The same effect can also be obtained in the battery pack, the electric vehicle, the power storage system, the electric tool, or the electronic device according to the embodiment of the present technology.
- effect described here is not necessarily limited, and may be any effect described in the present technology.
- FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a wound electrode body taken along line VV shown in FIG. 4. It is a perspective view showing the structure of the application example (battery pack: single cell) of a secondary battery. It is a block diagram showing the structure of the battery pack shown in FIG.
- Negative electrode for secondary battery 1-1 Configuration 1-2. Manufacturing method 1-3. Action and effect Secondary battery 2-1. Lithium ion secondary battery (cylindrical type) 2-2. Lithium ion secondary battery (laminate film type) 3. Applications of secondary batteries 3-1. Battery pack (single cell) 3-2. Battery pack (assembled battery) 3-3. Electric vehicle 3-4. Electric power storage system 3-5. Electric tool
- a negative electrode for a secondary battery (hereinafter simply referred to as “negative electrode”) according to an embodiment of the present technology is used in, for example, an electrochemical device such as a secondary battery.
- the type of secondary battery to which the negative electrode is applied is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a secondary battery in which battery capacity can be obtained by inserting and extracting electrode reactants.
- the electrode reactant is a substance related to the electrode reaction using the negative electrode, and the electrode reactant is occluded and released in the negative electrode. If a specific example is given regarding the kind of secondary battery, the secondary battery using lithium (or lithium ion) as an electrode reactant is a so-called lithium ion secondary battery.
- the negative electrode has a configuration described below.
- FIG. 1 shows a cross-sectional configuration of the negative electrode.
- the negative electrode includes a negative electrode current collector 1 and a negative electrode active material layer 2 provided on the negative electrode current collector 1.
- the negative electrode active material layer 2 may be provided only on one side of the negative electrode current collector 1 or may be provided on both sides of the negative electrode current collector 1. In FIG. 1, for example, a case where the negative electrode active material layer 2 is provided on both surfaces of the negative electrode current collector 1 is shown.
- the negative electrode current collector 1 includes, for example, any one type or two or more types of conductive materials. Although the kind of electrically conductive material is not specifically limited, For example, they are metal materials, such as copper, aluminum, nickel, and stainless steel. The metal material is not limited to a single metal but may be an alloy. The negative electrode current collector 1 may be a single layer or a multilayer.
- the surface of the negative electrode current collector 1 is preferably roughened. This is because the adhesion of the negative electrode active material layer 2 to the negative electrode current collector 1 is improved by a so-called anchor effect.
- the surface of the negative electrode current collector 1 may be roughened at least in a region facing the negative electrode active material layer 2.
- the roughening method is, for example, a method of forming fine particles using electrolytic treatment. In the electrolytic treatment, fine particles are formed on the surface of the negative electrode current collector 1 by an electrolysis method in an electrolytic cell, so that the surface of the negative electrode current collector 1 is provided with irregularities.
- a copper foil produced by an electrolytic method is generally called an electrolytic copper foil.
- the negative electrode active material layer 2 includes two types of negative electrode active materials and two types of negative electrode binders. However, the negative electrode active material layer 2 may further include any one type or two or more types of other materials such as a negative electrode conductive agent.
- the negative electrode active material layer 2 includes a plurality of particulate negative electrode active materials (a plurality of first negative electrode active material particles) and a plurality of particulate negative electrode active materials as the two types of negative electrode active materials described above. (A plurality of second negative electrode active material particles).
- the negative electrode active material layer 2 contains a first negative electrode binder and a second negative electrode binder as the above-described two types of negative electrode binders.
- first negative electrode active material particles Since the plurality of first negative electrode active material particles are a plurality of particulate negative electrode active materials as described above, they are dispersed in the negative electrode active material layer 2.
- particles mean that the plurality of first negative electrode active material particles are each physically separated from each other. That is, when a cross section of the negative electrode active material layer 2 including a plurality of first negative electrode active material particles is observed using a microscope such as an electron microscope, each of the plurality of first negative electrode active material particles is observed (micrograph). ) Is visually recognized as a granular object.
- the shape of the first negative electrode active material particles is not particularly limited. That is, the shape of each of the plurality of first negative electrode active material particles may be spherical, may be substantially spherical, or may be other shapes. Of course, each of the plurality of first negative electrode active material particles may have the same shape or different shapes. Two different shapes may coexist.
- the first negative electrode active material particles include any one kind or two or more kinds of materials containing carbon as a constituent element as a negative electrode material capable of occluding and releasing an electrode reactant.
- a material containing carbon as a constituent element is referred to as a “carbon-based material”.
- the reason why the first negative electrode active material particles contain the carbon-based material is that the crystal structure of the carbon-based material is hardly changed when the electrode reactant is occluded and released, so that a high energy density can be stably obtained. Because. Moreover, since the carbonaceous material also functions as a negative electrode conductive agent, the conductivity of the negative electrode active material layer 2 is improved.
- the carbon-based material is a carbon material such as graphitizable carbon, non-graphitizable carbon, and graphite.
- the (002) plane spacing for non-graphitizable carbon is preferably 0.37 nm or more
- the (002) plane spacing for graphite is preferably 0.34 nm or less.
- the carbon material include pyrolytic carbons, cokes, glassy carbon fibers, organic polymer compound fired bodies, activated carbon, and carbon blacks.
- the cokes include pitch coke, needle coke and petroleum coke.
- the organic polymer compound fired body is a polymer compound fired (carbonized) at an appropriate temperature. Examples of the polymer compound include a phenol resin and a furan resin.
- the carbon material may be low crystalline carbon heat-treated at a temperature of about 1000 ° C. or less, or may be amorphous carbon.
- the shape of the carbon material may be any of a fibrous shape, a spherical shape, a granular shape, and a scale shape.
- the plurality of first negative electrode active material particles have predetermined physical properties and dimensions. Specifically, the R value of the plurality of first negative electrode active material particles is 0.35 to 0.45. In addition, the average particle diameter (median diameter D50) of the plurality of first negative electrode active material particles is 5 ⁇ m to 14.5 ⁇ m.
- the R value is measured by analyzing the plurality of first negative electrode active material particles using Raman spectroscopy.
- the R value for the intensity IG of the Raman spectrum peaks present in the range of 1570 cm -1 ⁇ 1630 cm -1, the ratio ID / IG of the intensity ID of the Raman spectrum peaks present in the range of 1350 cm -1 ⁇ 1370 cm -1 It is.
- the R value is the intensity ratio of the D bandwidth to the G bandwidth.
- the median diameter D50 can be measured using, for example, a particle size distribution meter.
- This particle size distribution meter is, for example, LA-960, a laser diffraction / scattering particle size distribution measuring apparatus manufactured by Horiba, Ltd.
- the plurality of second negative electrode active material particles are a plurality of particulate negative electrode active materials as described above, they are dispersed in the negative electrode active material layer 2 in the same manner as the plurality of first negative electrode active material particles. .
- the definition regarding “particles (or particles)” is as described above.
- the second negative electrode active material particles include any one type or two or more types of carbon-based materials as negative electrode materials capable of occluding and releasing electrode reactants. Contains.
- the reason why the second negative electrode active material particles contain a carbon-based material is the same as the reason why the first negative electrode active material particles contain a carbon-based material.
- the details regarding the carbon-based material are as described above.
- the type of the carbon-based material included in the second negative electrode active material particles may be the same as the type of the carbon-based material included in the first negative electrode active material particles, or the carbon included in the first negative electrode active material particles, for example. It may be different from the type of the system material.
- the plurality of second negative electrode active material particles have predetermined physical properties and dimensions.
- the R value of the plurality of second negative electrode active material particles is 0.1 to 0.25.
- the definition of the R value described here is as described above except that it is measured by analyzing a plurality of second negative electrode active material particles.
- the average particle diameter (median diameter D50) of the plurality of second negative electrode active material particles is 15 ⁇ m to 25 ⁇ m. Details regarding each of the measurement procedure of the R value and the measurement method of the median diameter D50 are as described above.
- the plurality of second negative electrode active material particles have a predetermined mixing ratio.
- the graphite orientation of the above-described two types of negative electrode active materials is not particularly limited.
- This graphite orientation is based on the two types of negative electrode active materials measured by the X-ray diffraction method with respect to the peak integrated intensity P1 caused by the (110) plane of the two types of negative electrode active materials measured by the X-ray diffraction method.
- the peak position 2 ⁇ caused by the (110) plane is 76.3 °
- the peak position caused by the (002) plane is 26.5 °.
- the ratio P is preferably 36 to 42. Because the graphite orientation of the two types of negative electrode active materials (the plurality of first negative electrode active material particles and the plurality of second negative electrode active material particles) is optimized, the negative electrode can easily absorb and release the electrode reactant. is there.
- the procedure for specifying each of the above-described material, R value, median diameter D50 ( ⁇ m) and mixing ratio (% by weight) is, for example, Is as follows.
- the secondary battery in a completely discharged state is disassembled to recover the negative electrode, and then the negative electrode current collector 1 is peeled from the negative electrode active material layer 2. Then, after putting the negative electrode active material layer 2 in the solvent, the solvent is stirred to dissolve the first negative electrode binder, the second negative electrode binder, and the like. Thereby, two types of negative electrode active materials (a plurality of first negative electrode active material particles and a plurality of second negative electrode active material particles) are recovered.
- the type of the solvent is not particularly limited, and for example, it is any one or two or more of pure water and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone.
- the two types of negative electrode active materials are separated using a floating precipitation method using a centrifugal separator or the like.
- a floating precipitation method two types of negative electrode active materials are dispersed in a solvent such as water, and then the two types of negative electrode active materials are processed using a centrifuge while selecting a lighter weight negative electrode active material.
- the two types of negative electrode active materials are separated according to the particle size.
- the processing conditions such as the rotation speed and the standing time are changed.
- the compounding ratio of two types of negative electrode active materials is specified by measuring the particle size of a negative electrode active material using a dynamic light scattering method (DLS: Dynamic light scattering). Thereby, a plurality of first negative electrode active material particles are recovered and a plurality of second negative electrode active material particles are recovered.
- DLS Dynamic light scattering
- each of the plurality of first negative electrode active material particles and the plurality of second negative electrode active material particles is analyzed using various analysis methods and various analyzers.
- first negative electrode active material particles by analyzing the plurality of first negative electrode active material particles using Raman spectroscopy or the like, it is determined whether or not the plurality of first negative electrode active material particles contain a carbon-based material, and Raman spectroscopy is performed.
- Raman spectroscopy By analyzing a plurality of second negative electrode active material particles using a method or the like, it is specified whether or not the plurality of second negative electrode active material particles contain a carbon-based material.
- graphite can be identified by using Raman spectroscopy.
- the R value is obtained, and by analyzing the plurality of first negative electrode active material particles using a particle size distribution meter, The median diameter D50 is obtained.
- the R value is obtained, and by analyzing the plurality of second negative electrode active material particles using a particle size distribution meter, The median diameter D50 is obtained.
- the mixing ratio is determined by measuring each of the weight of the plurality of first negative electrode active material particles and the weight of the plurality of second negative electrode active material particles.
- the first negative electrode binder contains one or both of styrene butadiene rubber and derivatives thereof. That is, the first negative electrode binder may contain only styrene butadiene rubber, may contain only a derivative of styrene butadiene rubber, or may contain both. However, the number of styrene butadiene rubber derivatives may be one or two or more.
- a derivative of styrene butadiene rubber is a compound in which one or more groups (derivative groups) are introduced into styrene butadiene rubber.
- the derivative group may be, for example, a saturated hydrocarbon group or an unsaturated hydrocarbon group, and any one of non-carbon elements such as oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur together with carbon and hydrogen, or A group containing two or more kinds as constituent elements may be used, or another group may be used.
- the second negative electrode binder contains one or both of polyvinylidene fluoride and derivatives thereof. That is, the second negative electrode binder may contain only polyvinylidene fluoride, may contain only a derivative of polyvinylidene fluoride, or may contain both. However, the type of polyvinylidene fluoride derivative may be only one, or two or more.
- the details regarding the derivative of polyvinylidene fluoride are the same as the details regarding the derivative of styrene butadiene rubber described above, except that one type or two or more types of derivative groups are introduced into the polyvinylidene fluoride instead of the styrene butadiene rubber. .
- the above-described procedure for specifying the material is, for example, as follows.
- the secondary battery in a completely discharged state is disassembled to recover the negative electrode, and then the negative electrode current collector 1 is peeled from the negative electrode active material layer 2. Thereafter, by analyzing the surface of the negative electrode active material layer 2 using infrared spectroscopy or the like, two types of negative electrode binders (the first negative electrode binder and the first negative electrode binder) included in the negative electrode active material layer 2 are analyzed. The type (material) of the second negative electrode binder) is specified.
- the negative electrode includes two types of negative electrode active materials (a plurality of first negative electrode active material particles and a plurality of second negative electrode active material particles) and two types of negative electrode binders (a first negative electrode binder and a second negative electrode binder).
- the reason why the above-mentioned conditions regarding the material, physical properties, dimensions, and mixing ratio are satisfied is that a high energy density is obtained and the negative electrode reacts with the electrode. This is because the substance is remarkably easy to occlude and release.
- the plurality of first negative electrode active material particles having a relatively high R value and a relatively small median diameter D50 are essentially composed of an electrode reactant. It has the property of being easily occluded and released. Thereby, the negative electrode including the plurality of first negative electrode active material particles easily absorbs and releases the electrode reactant. In addition, the plurality of first negative electrode active material particles have a property that they are not easily crushed during the production of the negative electrode described later (at the time of compression molding). Thereby, since the orientation of the carbon-based material is suppressed in the plurality of first negative electrode active material particles, the negative electrode can more easily absorb and release the electrode reactant, and between the plurality of first negative electrode active material particles. Since a gap is easily formed in the negative electrode, the negative electrode is easily impregnated with the electrolytic solution.
- the crystallinity of the carbon-based material is increased.
- the energy density of a negative electrode improves.
- the plurality of second negative electrode active material particles have a property of being easily crushed during the production of the negative electrode. This makes it difficult to suppress the orientation of the carbon-based material, so that the negative electrode is difficult to occlude and release the electrode reactant, and a gap is not easily formed between the plurality of first negative electrode active material particles. It becomes difficult to impregnate the electrolyte.
- a plurality of first negative electrode active material particles and a plurality of second negative electrode active materials can be obtained by using a first negative electrode binder (styrene butadiene rubber) and a second negative electrode binder (polyvinylidene fluoride) in combination.
- first negative electrode binder styrene butadiene rubber
- second negative electrode binder polyvinylidene fluoride
- first negative electrode binder styrene butadiene rubber derivative
- second negative electrode binder polyvinylidene fluoride derivative
- the orientation of the carbon-based material is caused by the synergistic action of combining the plurality of first negative electrode active material particles, the plurality of second negative electrode active material particles, the first negative electrode binder, and the second negative electrode binder.
- the negative electrode is easily impregnated with the electrolyte. Therefore, a high energy density is obtained, and the negative electrode is remarkably easy to occlude and release the electrode reactant.
- the battery capacity of the secondary battery using the negative electrode is improved by increasing the mixing ratio of the plurality of second negative electrode active material particles.
- the negative electrode active material layer 2 is one of other negative electrode active materials together with the above-described two types of negative electrode active materials (a plurality of first negative electrode active material particles and a plurality of second negative electrode active material particles). Or two or more types may be included.
- the other negative electrode active material is, for example, a material containing any one or more of metal elements and metalloid elements as constituent elements. This is because a high energy density can be obtained.
- a material containing any one or more of metal elements and metalloid elements as a constituent element is referred to as a “metal material”.
- the metal-based material may be any of a simple substance, an alloy, and a compound, or may be two or more of them, or may be a material having at least a part of one or two or more of them.
- the alloy includes a material including one or more metal elements and one or more metalloid elements in addition to a material composed of two or more metal elements.
- the alloy may contain a nonmetallic element.
- the structure of the metal-based material is, for example, a solid solution, a eutectic (eutectic mixture), an intermetallic compound, and two or more kinds of coexisting materials.
- the metal element and metalloid element described above are, for example, any one or more metal elements and metalloid elements that can form an alloy with the electrode reactant.
- silicon and tin is preferable. This is because the ability to occlude and release the electrode reactant is excellent, so that a significantly high energy density can be obtained.
- the material containing one or both of silicon and tin as a constituent element may be any of a simple substance, an alloy, and a compound of silicon, or any of a simple substance, an alloy, and a compound of tin. These may be two or more types, or may be a material having at least a part of one or two or more of them.
- the simple substance described here means a simple substance (which may contain a small amount of impurities) in a general sense, and does not necessarily mean 100% purity.
- the alloy of silicon is, for example, any one of tin, nickel, copper, iron, cobalt, manganese, zinc, indium, silver, titanium, germanium, bismuth, antimony, chromium and the like as a constituent element other than silicon or Includes two or more.
- the compound of silicon contains, for example, one or more of carbon and oxygen as constituent elements other than silicon.
- the compound of silicon may contain any 1 type or 2 types or more of the series of elements demonstrated regarding the alloy of silicon as structural elements other than silicon, for example.
- silicon alloys and silicon compounds are SiB 4 , SiB 6 , Mg 2 Si, Ni 2 Si, TiSi 2 , MoSi 2 , CoSi 2 , NiSi 2 , CaSi 2 , CrSi 2 , Cu 5 Si, FeSi 2 , MnSi 2 , NbSi 2 , TaSi 2 , VSi 2 , WSi 2 , ZnSi 2 , SiC, Si 3 N 4 , Si 2 N 2 O, SiO v (0 ⁇ v ⁇ 2), and LiSiO.
- v in SiO v may be 0.2 ⁇ v ⁇ 1.4.
- the alloy of tin for example, as a constituent element other than tin, any one of silicon, nickel, copper, iron, cobalt, manganese, zinc, indium, silver, titanium, germanium, bismuth, antimony, chromium, etc. Includes two or more.
- the tin compound contains, for example, one or more of carbon and oxygen as constituent elements other than tin.
- the compound of tin may contain any 1 type in the series of elements demonstrated regarding the alloy of tin, or 2 or more types as structural elements other than tin, for example.
- tin alloy and the tin compound include SnO w (0 ⁇ w ⁇ 2), SnSiO 3 , LiSnO, and Mg 2 Sn.
- the material containing tin as a constituent element is preferably, for example, a material (Sn-containing material) containing a second constituent element and a third constituent element together with tin which is the first constituent element.
- the second constituent element is, for example, cobalt, iron, magnesium, titanium, vanadium, chromium, manganese, nickel, copper, zinc, gallium, zirconium, niobium, molybdenum, silver, indium, cesium (Ce), hafnium (Hf), Any one or more of tantalum, tungsten, bismuth, silicon and the like are included.
- the third constituent element includes, for example, one or more of boron, carbon, aluminum, phosphorus, and the like.
- the Sn-containing material is preferably a material (SnCoC-containing material) containing tin, cobalt, and carbon as constituent elements.
- the carbon content is 9.9 mass% to 29.7 mass%, and the ratio of the content of tin and cobalt (Co / (Sn + Co)) is 20 mass% to 70 mass%. . This is because a high energy density can be obtained.
- the SnCoC-containing material has a phase containing tin, cobalt, and carbon, and the phase is preferably low crystalline or amorphous. Since this phase is a reaction phase capable of reacting with the electrode reactant, excellent characteristics can be obtained due to the presence of the reaction phase.
- the half-width (diffraction angle 2 ⁇ ) of the diffraction peak obtained by X-ray diffraction of this reaction phase is 1 ° or more when CuK ⁇ ray is used as the specific X-ray and the insertion speed is 1 ° / min. Is preferred. This is because the electrode reactant is occluded and released more smoothly and the reactivity with the electrolytic solution is reduced.
- the SnCoC-containing material may include a phase containing a simple substance or a part of each constituent element in addition to the low crystalline or amorphous phase.
- Such a reaction phase contains, for example, each of the above-described constituent elements, and is considered to be low crystallized or amorphous mainly due to the presence of carbon.
- the SnCoC-containing material it is preferable that at least a part of carbon as a constituent element is bonded to a metal element or a metalloid element as another constituent element. This is because aggregation or crystallization of tin or the like is suppressed.
- the bonding state of the elements can be confirmed using, for example, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).
- XPS X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
- Al—K ⁇ ray or Mg—K ⁇ ray is used as the soft X-ray.
- the energy calibration is performed so that the peak of the 4f orbit (Au4f) of the gold atom is obtained at 84.0 eV.
- the C1s peak of the surface-contaminated carbon is set to 284.8 eV, and the peak is used as an energy reference.
- the waveform of the C1s peak is obtained in a form including the surface contamination carbon peak and the carbon peak in the SnCoC-containing material. For this reason, for example, both peaks are separated by analyzing using commercially available software. In the waveform analysis, the position of the main peak existing on the lowest bound energy side is used as the energy reference (284.8 eV).
- This SnCoC-containing material is not limited to a material (SnCoC) whose constituent elements are only tin, cobalt and carbon.
- This SnCoC-containing material is, for example, any one of silicon, iron, nickel, chromium, indium, niobium, germanium, titanium, molybdenum, aluminum, phosphorus, gallium, and bismuth in addition to tin, cobalt, and carbon
- One kind or two or more kinds may be included as constituent elements.
- SnCoC-containing materials materials containing tin, cobalt, iron and carbon as constituent elements
- SnCoFeC-containing materials materials containing tin, cobalt, iron and carbon as constituent elements
- the composition of the SnCoFeC-containing material is arbitrary.
- the iron content is set to be small, the carbon content is 9.9 mass% to 29.7 mass%, and the iron content is 0.3 mass% to 5.9 mass%.
- the content ratio of tin and cobalt (Co / (Sn + Co)) is 30% by mass to 70% by mass.
- the carbon content is 11.9% to 29.7% by mass
- the ratio of the content of tin, cobalt and iron ((Co + Fe) / (Sn + Co + Fe)) Is 26.4 mass% to 48.5 mass%, and the ratio of cobalt and iron content (Co / (Co + Fe)) is 9.9 mass% to 79.5 mass%.
- the physical properties (half-value width, etc.) of the SnCoFeC-containing material are the same as the above-described physical properties of the SnCoC-containing material.
- the negative electrode material may be any one kind or two or more kinds of metal oxides and polymer compounds, for example.
- the metal oxide include iron oxide, ruthenium oxide, and molybdenum oxide.
- the polymer compound include polyacetylene, polyaniline, and polypyrrole.
- the negative electrode active material layer 2 includes any one of the two types of negative electrode binders (the first negative electrode binder and the second negative electrode binder), or two of the other negative electrode binders. More than one type may be included.
- the other negative electrode binder is, for example, any one or more of synthetic rubber and polymer compound.
- synthetic rubber and polymer compound any one or more of synthetic rubber and polymer compound.
- the above styrene butadiene rubber and derivatives thereof are excluded from the synthetic rubber described here, and the above polyvinylidene fluoride and derivatives thereof are excluded from the polymer compound described herein.
- Synthetic rubber is, for example, fluorine rubber and ethylene propylene diene.
- the polymer compound include carboxymethyl cellulose, polyacrylic acid, polymethacrylic acid ester, polyamide, and polyimide.
- polymethacrylates include polymethyl methacrylate and polyethyl methacrylate.
- the negative electrode conductive agent includes, for example, any one or more of carbon materials.
- the carbon material include graphite, carbon black, and fibrous carbon.
- the carbon black include acetylene black and ketjen black.
- the negative electrode conductive agent may be a metal material or a conductive polymer as long as it is a conductive material.
- the negative electrode active material layer 2 is formed by any one or two or more methods among, for example, a coating method, a vapor phase method, a liquid phase method, a thermal spray method, and a firing method (sintering method). Yes.
- the coating method refers to, for example, preparing a solution in which a mixture of a plurality of particulate (powdered) negative electrode active materials and a negative electrode binder is dispersed or dissolved in an organic solvent, and then using the solution as a negative electrode current collector. It is a method of applying to the body 1.
- the vapor phase method includes, for example, a physical deposition method and a chemical deposition method. More specifically, for example, a vacuum deposition method, a sputtering method, an ion plating method, a laser ablation method, a thermal chemical vapor deposition, a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method, and a plasma chemical vapor deposition method.
- liquid phase method examples include an electrolytic plating method and an electroless plating method.
- the thermal spraying method is a method of spraying a molten or semi-molten negative electrode active material onto the surface of the negative electrode current collector 1.
- the firing method is, for example, a method of applying a solution to the negative electrode current collector 1 using a coating method and then heat-treating the coating film at a temperature higher than the melting point of the negative electrode binder or the like.
- Examples of the firing method include an atmosphere firing method, a reaction firing method, a hot press firing method, and the like.
- This negative electrode is manufactured, for example, by the procedure described below.
- the first negative electrode active material particles, the second negative electrode active material particles, the materials of the first negative electrode binder and the second negative electrode binder have already been described in detail. Omitted.
- negative electrode active material layer 2 When producing a negative electrode, first, two types of negative electrode active materials (a plurality of first negative electrode active material particles and a plurality of second negative electrode active material particles) and two types of negative electrode binders (first negative electrode binders) are used. Adhesive and second negative electrode binder) and, if necessary, a negative electrode conductive agent or the like are mixed to obtain a negative electrode mixture. Subsequently, a negative electrode mixture slurry is prepared by dissolving or dispersing the negative electrode mixture in a solvent. Finally, after applying the negative electrode mixture slurry to both surfaces of the negative electrode current collector 1, the negative electrode mixture slurry is dried to form the negative electrode active material layer 2. Thereafter, if necessary, the negative electrode active material layer 2 may be compression molded using a roll press or the like. In this case, the negative electrode active material layer 2 may be compression molded while being heated, or the compression molding may be repeated a plurality of times.
- the negative electrode active material layer 2 is formed on the negative electrode current collector 1, the negative electrode is completed.
- this negative electrode two types of negative electrode active materials (a plurality of first negative electrode active material particles and a plurality of second negative electrode active material particles) and two types of negative electrode binders (a first negative electrode binder and a second negative electrode)
- the above-mentioned conditions are satisfied with respect to the materials, physical properties, dimensions, and mixing ratios of the two types of negative electrode active materials and the two types of negative electrode binders.
- a high energy density is obtained and the electrode reactant is remarkably easily occluded and released, so that excellent battery characteristics can be obtained.
- the ratio P regarding the graphite orientation of two types of negative electrode active materials is 36 to 42 or less, the two types of negative electrode active materials Since the orientation of graphite is optimized, a higher effect can be obtained.
- FIG. 2 shows a cross-sectional configuration of the secondary battery.
- FIG. 3 shows a partial cross-sectional configuration of the spirally wound electrode body 20 shown in FIG.
- the secondary battery described here is, for example, a lithium ion secondary battery in which the capacity of the negative electrode 22 can be obtained by insertion and extraction of lithium as an electrode reactant.
- the secondary battery has a cylindrical battery structure.
- the secondary battery includes a pair of insulating plates 12 and 13 and a wound electrode body 20 that is a battery element in a hollow cylindrical battery can 11.
- a wound electrode body 20 for example, a positive electrode 21 and a negative electrode 22 stacked via a separator 23 are wound.
- the wound electrode body 20 is impregnated with, for example, an electrolytic solution that is a liquid electrolyte.
- the battery can 11 has, for example, a hollow structure in which one end is closed and the other end is opened.
- one or more of iron, aluminum, and alloys thereof are used. Is included. Nickel or the like may be plated on the surface of the battery can 11.
- the pair of insulating plates 12 and 13 sandwich the wound electrode body 20 and extend perpendicular to the winding peripheral surface of the wound electrode body 20.
- the battery lid 14 includes, for example, the same material as that of the battery can 11.
- Each of the safety valve mechanism 15 and the thermal resistance element 16 is provided inside the battery lid 14, and the safety valve mechanism 15 is electrically connected to the battery lid 14 via the thermal resistance element 16. In this safety valve mechanism 15, when the internal pressure becomes a certain level or more due to an internal short circuit or heating from the outside, the disk plate 15 ⁇ / b> A is reversed, so that the electrical connection between the battery lid 14 and the wound electrode body 20 is disconnected.
- the gasket 17 includes, for example, an insulating material, and asphalt or the like may be applied to the surface of the gasket 17.
- a center pin 24 is inserted into a space generated at the winding center of the wound electrode body 20.
- the center pin 24 may be omitted.
- a positive electrode lead 25 is connected to the positive electrode 21, and a negative electrode lead 26 is connected to the negative electrode 22.
- the positive electrode lead 25 includes, for example, a conductive material such as aluminum.
- the positive electrode lead 25 is connected to the safety valve mechanism 15 and is electrically connected to the battery lid 14.
- the negative electrode lead 26 includes, for example, a conductive material such as nickel.
- the negative electrode lead 26 is connected to the battery can 11 and is electrically connected to the battery can 11.
- the positive electrode 21 includes a positive electrode current collector 21 ⁇ / b> A and a positive electrode active material layer 13 ⁇ / b> B provided on the positive electrode current collector 21 ⁇ / b> A.
- the positive electrode active material layer 21B may be provided only on one surface of the positive electrode current collector 21A, or may be provided on both surfaces of the positive electrode current collector 21A.
- FIG. 3 shows, for example, a case where the positive electrode active material layer 21B is provided on both surfaces of the positive electrode current collector 21A.
- the positive electrode current collector 21A includes, for example, any one type or two or more types of conductive materials.
- the kind of conductive material is not specifically limited, For example, they are metal materials, such as aluminum, nickel, and stainless steel.
- the metal material is not limited to a single metal but may be an alloy.
- the negative electrode current collector 21A may be a single layer or a multilayer.
- the positive electrode active material layer 21B contains any one or more of positive electrode materials capable of occluding and releasing lithium as a positive electrode active material.
- the positive electrode active material layer 21B may further include any one kind or two or more kinds of other materials such as a positive electrode binder and a positive electrode conductive agent.
- the positive electrode material is preferably one or more of lithium-containing compounds.
- the type of the lithium-containing compound is not particularly limited, but among them, a lithium-containing composite oxide and a lithium-containing phosphate compound are preferable. This is because a high energy density can be obtained.
- the “lithium-containing composite oxide” is an oxide containing lithium and any one or more of other elements as constituent elements. This “other element” is an element other than lithium.
- the lithium-containing oxide has, for example, one or two or more crystal structures of a layered rock salt type and a spinel type.
- the “lithium-containing phosphate compound” is a phosphate compound containing lithium and any one or more of the other elements as constituent elements.
- This lithium-containing phosphate compound has, for example, any one kind or two or more kinds of crystal structures of the olivine type.
- the type of other element is not particularly limited as long as it is any one or more of arbitrary elements (excluding lithium).
- the other elements are preferably any one or more of elements belonging to Groups 2 to 15 in the long-period periodic table. More specifically, the other element is more preferably any one or two or more metal elements of nickel, cobalt, manganese, iron, and the like. This is because a high voltage can be obtained.
- lithium-containing composite oxide having a layered rock salt type crystal structure examples include compounds represented by the following formulas (1) to (3).
- M1 is at least one of cobalt, magnesium, aluminum, boron, titanium, vanadium, chromium, iron, copper, zinc, zirconium, molybdenum, tin, calcium, strontium, and tungsten.
- a to e are 0. .8 ⁇ a ⁇ 1.2, 0 ⁇ b ⁇ 0.5, 0 ⁇ c ⁇ 0.5, (b + c) ⁇ 1, ⁇ 0.1 ⁇ d ⁇ 0.2 and 0 ⁇ e ⁇ 0.1 (However, the composition of lithium varies depending on the charge / discharge state, and a is the value of the complete discharge state.)
- M2 is at least one of cobalt, manganese, magnesium, aluminum, boron, titanium, vanadium, chromium, iron, copper, zinc, molybdenum, tin, calcium, strontium, and tungsten.
- A is the value of the fully discharged state.
- Li a Co (1-b) M3 b O (2-c) F d (3) (M3 is at least one of nickel, manganese, magnesium, aluminum, boron, titanium, vanadium, chromium, iron, copper, zinc, molybdenum, tin, calcium, strontium, and tungsten. 0.8 ⁇ a ⁇ 1.2, 0 ⁇ b ⁇ 0.5, ⁇ 0.1 ⁇ c ⁇ 0.2, and 0 ⁇ d ⁇ 0.1, provided that the composition of lithium depends on the charge / discharge state Unlikely, a is the value of the fully discharged state.)
- the lithium-containing composite oxide having a layered rock salt type crystal structure is, for example, LiNiO 2 , LiCoO 2 , LiCo 0.98 Al 0.01 Mg 0.01 O 2 , LiNi 0.5 Co 0.2 Mn 0.3 O 2 , LiNi 0.8 Co 0.15 Al 0.05 O 2 , LiNi 0.33 Co 0.33 Mn 0.33 O 2 , Li 1.2 Mn 0.52 Co 0.175 Ni 0.1 O 2 and Li 1.15 (Mn 0.65 Ni 0.22 Co 0.13 ) O 2 .
- the lithium-containing composite oxide having a layered rock salt type crystal structure contains nickel, cobalt, manganese, and aluminum as constituent elements
- the atomic ratio of nickel is preferably 50 atomic% or more. This is because a high energy density can be obtained.
- the lithium-containing composite oxide having a spinel crystal structure is, for example, a compound represented by the following formula (4).
- M4 is at least one of cobalt, nickel, magnesium, aluminum, boron, titanium, vanadium, chromium, iron, copper, zinc, molybdenum, tin, calcium, strontium, and tungsten. .9 ⁇ a ⁇ 1.1, 0 ⁇ b ⁇ 0.6, 3.7 ⁇ c ⁇ 4.1, and 0 ⁇ d ⁇ 0.1, provided that the composition of lithium varies depending on the charge / discharge state. , A is the value of the fully discharged state.
- lithium-containing composite oxide having a spinel crystal structure is LiMn 2 O 4 .
- lithium-containing phosphate compound having an olivine type crystal structure examples include a compound represented by the following formula (5).
- Li a M5PO 4 (5) (M5 is at least one of cobalt, manganese, iron, nickel, magnesium, aluminum, boron, titanium, vanadium, niobium, copper, zinc, molybdenum, calcium, strontium, tungsten, and zirconium.
- A is 0. .9 ⁇ a ⁇ 1.1, where the composition of lithium varies depending on the charge / discharge state, and a is the value of the fully discharged state.
- lithium-containing phosphate compound having an olivine type crystal structure examples include LiFePO 4 , LiMnPO 4 , LiFe 0.5 Mn 0.5 PO 4, and LiFe 0.3 Mn 0.7 PO 4 .
- the lithium-containing composite oxide may be a compound represented by the following formula (6).
- the positive electrode material may be, for example, an oxide, a disulfide, a chalcogenide, a conductive polymer, or the like.
- the oxide include titanium oxide, vanadium oxide, and manganese dioxide.
- the disulfide include titanium disulfide and molybdenum sulfide.
- An example of the chalcogenide is niobium selenide.
- the conductive polymer include sulfur, polyaniline, and polythiophene.
- the positive electrode binder contains, for example, any one or more of synthetic rubber and polymer compound.
- the synthetic rubber include styrene butadiene rubber, fluorine rubber, and ethylene propylene diene.
- the polymer compound include polyvinylidene fluoride, carboxymethyl cellulose, polyacrylic acid, and polyimide.
- the positive electrode conductive agent is the same as, for example, the details of the negative electrode conductive agent described above.
- the negative electrode 22 has, for example, the same configuration as the negative electrode of one embodiment of the present technology described above. That is, for example, as illustrated in FIG. 3, the negative electrode 22 includes a negative electrode current collector 21 ⁇ / b> A and a negative electrode active material layer 21 ⁇ / b> B provided on the negative electrode current collector 21 ⁇ / b> A.
- the configurations of the negative electrode current collector 21A and the negative electrode active material layer 21B are the same as the configurations of the negative electrode current collector 1 and the negative electrode active material layer 2, respectively.
- the chargeable capacity of the negative electrode active material is preferably larger than the discharge capacity of the positive electrode 21 in order to prevent unintentional deposition of lithium on the surface of the negative electrode 22 during charging. That is, the electrochemical equivalent of the negative electrode active material capable of inserting and extracting lithium is preferably larger than the electrochemical equivalent of the positive electrode 21.
- the electrochemical equivalent of the negative electrode active material capable of inserting and extracting lithium is The electrochemical equivalent of the positive electrode 21 is preferably larger.
- the open circuit voltage (that is, the battery voltage) at the time of full charge is 4.25 V or more, compared with the case where it is 4.20 V, even when the same positive electrode active material is used, the amount of lithium released per unit mass Therefore, it is preferable that the amounts of the positive electrode active material and the negative electrode active material are adjusted accordingly. Thereby, a high energy density is obtained.
- the separator 23 is disposed between the positive electrode 21 and the negative electrode 22. As a result, the separator 23 separates the positive electrode 21 and the negative electrode 22 and allows lithium ions to pass through while preventing a short circuit of current due to contact between the positive electrode 21 and the negative electrode 22.
- the separator 23 includes, for example, one kind or two or more kinds of porous films such as synthetic resin and ceramic, and may be a laminated film of two or more kinds of porous films.
- the synthetic resin include polytetrafluoroethylene, polypropylene, and polyethylene.
- the separator 23 may include, for example, the above-described porous film (base material layer) and a polymer compound layer provided on the base material layer. This is because the adhesiveness of the separator 23 to each of the positive electrode 21 and the negative electrode 22 is improved, so that the wound electrode body 20 is hardly distorted. As a result, the decomposition reaction of the electrolytic solution is suppressed, and the leakage of the electrolytic solution impregnated in the base material layer is also suppressed. It becomes difficult to swell.
- the polymer compound layer may be provided only on one side of the base material layer, or may be provided on both sides of the base material layer.
- the polymer compound layer includes, for example, one or more of polymer materials such as polyvinylidene fluoride. This is because polyvinylidene fluoride is excellent in physical strength and electrochemically stable.
- a solution in which a polymer material is dissolved with an organic solvent or the like is applied to the substrate layer, and then the substrate layer is dried.
- the base material layer may be dried.
- the electrolytic solution includes, for example, any one or more of the solvents and any one or more of the electrolyte salts.
- the electrolyte solution may further contain any one kind or two or more kinds of various materials such as additives.
- the solvent contains a non-aqueous solvent such as an organic solvent.
- the electrolytic solution containing the nonaqueous solvent is a so-called nonaqueous electrolytic solution.
- the solvent is, for example, a cyclic carbonate, a chain carbonate, a lactone, a chain carboxylic acid ester, a nitrile (mononitrile), or the like. This is because excellent battery capacity, cycle characteristics, storage characteristics, and the like can be obtained.
- the cyclic carbonate is, for example, ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, or the like.
- Examples of the chain ester carbonate include dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, and methyl propyl carbonate.
- Examples of the lactone include ⁇ -butyrolactone and ⁇ -valerolactone.
- Examples of the chain carboxylic acid ester include methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, propyl propionate, methyl butyrate, methyl isobutyrate, methyl trimethyl acetate, and ethyl trimethyl acetate.
- Nitriles are, for example, acetonitrile, methoxyacetonitrile, 3-methoxypropionitrile and the like.
- solvents include, for example, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, tetrahydrofuran, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, tetrahydropyran, 1,3-dioxolane, 4-methyl-1,3-dioxolane, 1,3-dioxane, 1,4 -Dioxane, N, N-dimethylformamide, N-methylpyrrolidinone, N-methyloxazolidinone, N, N'-dimethylimidazolidinone, nitromethane, nitroethane, sulfolane, trimethyl phosphate and dimethyl sulfoxide may be used. This is because similar advantages can be obtained.
- any one or two or more of carbonate esters such as ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, and ethyl methyl carbonate are preferable. This is because better battery capacity, cycle characteristics, storage characteristics, and the like can be obtained.
- a high-viscosity (high dielectric constant) solvent that is a cyclic carbonate such as ethylene carbonate and propylene carbonate (for example, a relative dielectric constant ⁇ ⁇ 30) and chain carbonic acid such as dimethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, and diethyl carbonate.
- a combination with a low-viscosity solvent that is an ester is more preferable. This is because the dissociation property of the electrolyte salt and the ion mobility are improved.
- the solvent may be an unsaturated cyclic carbonate, halogenated carbonate, sulfonate, acid anhydride, dinitrile compound, diisocyanate compound, or the like. This is because the chemical stability of the electrolytic solution is improved, so that the decomposition reaction of the electrolytic solution is suppressed.
- the unsaturated cyclic carbonate is a cyclic carbonate having one or more unsaturated bonds (carbon-carbon double bonds).
- this unsaturated cyclic carbonate include vinylene carbonate (1,3-dioxol-2-one), vinyl ethylene carbonate (4-vinyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one) and methylene ethylene carbonate (4-methylene). -1,3-dioxolan-2-one) and the like.
- the content of the unsaturated cyclic carbonate in the solvent is not particularly limited, but is, for example, 0.01% by weight to 10% by weight.
- the halogenated carbonate is a cyclic or chain carbonate containing one or more halogens as a constituent element.
- the kind of halogen is not specifically limited, For example, it is any 1 type or 2 types or more in fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, etc.
- the cyclic halogenated carbonate include 4-fluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one and 4,5-difluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one.
- Examples of the chain halogenated carbonate include fluoromethyl methyl carbonate, bis (fluoromethyl) carbonate, and difluoromethyl methyl carbonate.
- the content of the halogenated carbonate in the solvent is not particularly limited, but is, for example, 0.01% by weight to 50% by weight.
- the sulfonate ester examples include a monosulfonate ester and a disulfonate ester.
- the monosulfonic acid ester may be a cyclic monosulfonic acid ester or a chain monosulfonic acid ester. Cyclic monosulfonates are, for example, sultone such as 1,3-propane sultone and 1,3-propene sultone.
- the chain monosulfonic acid ester is, for example, a compound in which a cyclic monosulfonic acid ester is cleaved on the way.
- the disulfonic acid ester may be a cyclic disulfonic acid ester or a chain disulfonic acid ester.
- the content of the sulfonic acid ester in the solvent is not particularly limited, and is, for example, 0.5% by weight to 5% by weight.
- Examples of the acid anhydride include carboxylic acid anhydride, disulfonic acid anhydride, and carboxylic acid sulfonic acid anhydride.
- Examples of the carboxylic acid anhydride include succinic anhydride, glutaric anhydride, and maleic anhydride.
- Examples of the disulfonic anhydride include ethanedisulfonic anhydride and propanedisulfonic anhydride.
- Examples of the carboxylic acid sulfonic acid anhydride include anhydrous sulfobenzoic acid, anhydrous sulfopropionic acid, and anhydrous sulfobutyric acid.
- the content of the acid anhydride in the solvent is not particularly limited, but is, for example, 0.5% by weight to 5% by weight.
- the dinitrile compound is, for example, a compound represented by NC—C m H 2m —CN (m is an integer of 1 or more).
- This dinitrile compound includes, for example, succinonitrile (NC-C 2 H 4 -CN), glutaronitrile (NC-C 3 H 6 -CN), adiponitrile (NC-C 4 H 8 -CN) and phthalonitrile ( NC-C 6 H 4 -CN).
- the content of the dinitrile compound in the solvent is not particularly limited, but is, for example, 0.5% by weight to 5% by weight.
- the diisocyanate compound is, for example, a compound represented by OCN—C n H 2n —NCO (n is an integer of 1 or more).
- This diisocyanate compound is, for example, OCN—C 6 H 12 —NCO.
- the content of the diisocyanate compound in the solvent is not particularly limited and is, for example, 0.5% by weight to 5% by weight.
- the electrolyte salt includes, for example, any one or more of lithium salts.
- the electrolyte salt may contain a salt other than the lithium salt, for example.
- the salt other than lithium include salts of light metals other than lithium.
- lithium salt examples include lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF 6 ), lithium tetrafluoroborate (LiBF 4 ), lithium perchlorate (LiClO 4 ), lithium hexafluoroarsenate (LiAsF 6 ), and tetraphenyl.
- Lithium borate LiB (C 6 H 5 ) 4
- lithium methanesulfonate LiCH 3 SO 3
- lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate LiCF 3 SO 3
- lithium tetrachloroaluminate LiAlCl 4
- hexafluoride examples include dilithium silicate (Li 2 SiF 6 ), lithium chloride (LiCl), and lithium bromide (LiBr). This is because excellent battery capacity, cycle characteristics, storage characteristics, and the like can be obtained.
- lithium hexafluorophosphate lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium perchlorate and lithium hexafluoroarsenate are preferable, and lithium hexafluorophosphate is more preferable. . This is because a higher effect can be obtained because the internal resistance is lowered.
- the content of the electrolyte salt is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.3 mol / kg to 3.0 mol / kg with respect to the solvent. This is because high ionic conductivity is obtained.
- This secondary battery operates as follows, for example.
- lithium ions are released from the positive electrode 21, and the lithium ions are occluded in the negative electrode 22 through the electrolytic solution.
- lithium ions are released from the negative electrode 22, and the lithium ions are occluded in the positive electrode 21 through the electrolytic solution.
- This secondary battery is manufactured by the following procedure, for example.
- the positive electrode 21 When the positive electrode 21 is manufactured, first, a positive electrode active material, a positive electrode binder, a positive electrode conductive agent, and the like are mixed to obtain a positive electrode mixture. Subsequently, a positive electrode mixture slurry is obtained by dispersing the positive electrode mixture in an organic solvent or the like. Finally, after applying the positive electrode mixture slurry to both surfaces of the positive electrode current collector 21A, the positive electrode mixture slurry is dried to form the positive electrode active material layer 21B. After that, the positive electrode active material layer 21B may be compression-molded using a roll press machine or the like. In this case, the positive electrode active material layer 21B may be heated, or compression molding may be repeated a plurality of times.
- the negative electrode active material layer 22B is formed on both surfaces of the negative electrode current collector 22A by the same procedure as the negative electrode manufacturing procedure described above.
- the positive electrode lead 25 is connected to the positive electrode current collector 21A using a welding method or the like, and the negative electrode lead 26 is connected to the negative electrode current collector 22A using a welding method or the like.
- the wound electrode body 20 is formed by winding the positive electrode 21 and the negative electrode 22 stacked via the separator 23.
- the center pin 24 is inserted into a space formed at the winding center of the wound electrode body 20.
- the wound electrode body 20 is accommodated in the battery can 11 while the wound electrode body 20 is sandwiched between the pair of insulating plates 12 and 13.
- the positive electrode lead 25 is connected to the safety valve mechanism 15 using a welding method or the like
- the negative electrode lead 26 is connected to the battery can 11 using a welding method or the like.
- the battery lid 14, the safety valve mechanism 15, and the heat sensitive resistance element 16 are caulked to the opening end of the battery can 11 through the gasket 17.
- the negative electrode 22 has the same configuration as that of the negative electrode according to the embodiment of the present technology described above, a high energy density can be obtained and the negative electrode 22 significantly reduces lithium ions. Easy to occlude and release. Therefore, excellent battery characteristics can be obtained.
- FIG. 4 shows a perspective configuration of another secondary battery.
- FIG. 5 shows a cross-sectional configuration of the spirally wound electrode body 30 along the line VV shown in FIG.
- FIG. 4 shows a state where the wound electrode body 30 and the exterior member 40 are separated from each other.
- the secondary battery is a lithium ion secondary battery having a laminated film type battery structure.
- the secondary battery includes a wound electrode body 30 that is a battery element inside a flexible film-like exterior member 40.
- the wound electrode body 30 for example, the positive electrode 33 and the negative electrode 34 are laminated via the separator 35 and the electrolyte layer 36, and the laminate is wound.
- a positive electrode lead 31 is connected to the positive electrode 33, and a negative electrode lead 32 is connected to the negative electrode 34.
- the outermost peripheral part of the wound electrode body 30 is protected by a protective tape 37.
- the positive electrode lead 31 and the negative electrode lead 32 is led out in the same direction from the inside of the exterior member 40 to the outside, for example.
- the positive electrode lead 31 includes any one type or two or more types of conductive materials such as aluminum.
- the negative electrode lead 32 includes any one type or two or more types of conductive materials such as copper, nickel, and stainless steel. These conductive materials have, for example, a thin plate shape or a mesh shape.
- the exterior member 40 is, for example, a single film that can be folded in the direction of the arrow R shown in FIG. 4, and a part of the exterior member 40 is for storing the wound electrode body 30. A depression is provided.
- the exterior member 40 is, for example, a laminate film in which a fusion layer, a metal layer, and a surface protective layer are laminated in this order. In the manufacturing process of the secondary battery, the exterior member 40 is folded so that the fusion layers face each other with the wound electrode body 30 therebetween, and the outer peripheral edge portions of the fusion layer are fused.
- the exterior member 40 may be two laminated films bonded together with an adhesive or the like.
- the fusing layer includes, for example, any one kind or two or more kinds of films such as polyethylene and polypropylene.
- the metal layer includes, for example, any one or more of aluminum foils.
- the surface protective layer includes, for example, any one kind or two or more kinds of films such as nylon and polyethylene terephthalate.
- the exterior member 40 is an aluminum laminate film in which a polyethylene film, an aluminum foil, and a nylon film are laminated in this order.
- the exterior member 40 may be a laminate film having another laminated structure, a polymer film such as polypropylene, or a metal film.
- an adhesive film 41 is inserted between the exterior member 40 and the positive electrode lead 31 in order to prevent intrusion of outside air. Further, for example, the adhesion film 41 described above is inserted between the exterior member 40 and the negative electrode lead 32.
- the adhesion film 41 includes any one kind or two or more kinds of materials having adhesion to both the positive electrode lead 31 and the negative electrode lead 32. Examples of the material having adhesiveness include a polyolefin resin, and more specifically, polyethylene, polypropylene, modified polyethylene, and modified polypropylene.
- the positive electrode 33 includes, for example, a positive electrode current collector 33A and a positive electrode active material layer 33B.
- the negative electrode 34 includes a negative electrode current collector 34A and a negative electrode active material layer 34B.
- the configurations of the positive electrode current collector 33A, the positive electrode active material layer 33B, the negative electrode current collector 34A, and the negative electrode active material layer 34B are, for example, the positive electrode current collector 21A, the positive electrode active material layer 21B, the negative electrode current collector 22A, and the negative electrode
- the configuration is the same as that of each of the active material layers 22B.
- the configuration of the separator 35 is the same as that of the separator 23, for example.
- the electrolyte layer 36 contains an electrolytic solution and a polymer compound.
- This electrolytic solution has the same configuration as the electrolytic solution used in the above-described cylindrical secondary battery.
- the electrolyte layer 36 described here is a so-called gel electrolyte, and an electrolyte solution is held in the electrolyte layer 36 by a polymer compound. This is because high ionic conductivity (for example, 1 mS / cm or more at room temperature) is obtained and leakage of the electrolytic solution is prevented.
- the electrolyte layer 36 may further include any one kind or two or more kinds of other materials such as additives.
- the polymer compound includes one or more of homopolymers and copolymers.
- Homopolymers include, for example, polyacrylonitrile, polyvinylidene fluoride, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyhexafluoropropylene, polyethylene oxide, polypropylene oxide, polyphosphazene, polysiloxane, polyvinyl fluoride, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl alcohol, polymethacryl Examples thereof include methyl acid, polyacrylic acid, polymethacrylic acid, styrene-butadiene rubber, nitrile-butadiene rubber, polystyrene and polycarbonate.
- the copolymer is, for example, a copolymer of vinylidene fluoride and hexafluoropyrene.
- the homopolymer is preferably polyvinylidene fluoride, and the copolymer is preferably a copolymer of vinylidene fluoride and hexafluoropyrene. This is because it is electrochemically stable.
- the “solvent” contained in the electrolyte solution is a wide concept including not only a liquid material but also a material having ion conductivity capable of dissociating the electrolyte salt. . For this reason, when using the high molecular compound which has ion conductivity, the high molecular compound is also contained in a solvent.
- the wound electrode body 30 is impregnated with the electrolytic solution.
- This secondary battery operates as follows, for example.
- lithium ions are released from the positive electrode 33 and the lithium ions are occluded in the negative electrode 34 through the electrolyte layer 36.
- lithium ions are released from the negative electrode 34 and the lithium ions are occluded in the positive electrode 33 through the electrolyte layer 36.
- the secondary battery provided with the gel electrolyte layer 36 is manufactured, for example, by the following three types of procedures.
- the positive electrode 33 and the negative electrode 34 are manufactured by the same manufacturing procedure as that of the positive electrode 21 and the negative electrode 22. Specifically, when the positive electrode 33 is manufactured, the positive electrode active material layer 33B is formed on both surfaces of the positive electrode current collector 33A, and when the negative electrode 34 is manufactured, the negative electrode current collector 34A is formed on both surfaces with the negative electrode. The active material layer 34B is formed.
- a precursor solution is prepared by mixing an electrolytic solution, a polymer compound, and an organic solvent. Then, after apply
- the positive electrode lead 31 is connected to the positive electrode current collector 33A using a welding method or the like, and the negative electrode lead 32 is connected to the negative electrode current collector 34A using a welding method or the like.
- the wound electrode body 30 is formed by winding the positive electrode 33 and the negative electrode 34 stacked via the separator 35 and the electrolyte layer 36.
- the protective tape 37 is attached to the outermost peripheral portion of the wound electrode body 30.
- the outer peripheral edge portions of the exterior member 40 are bonded to each other using a heat fusion method or the like, thereby winding the exterior member 40 inside.
- the rotary electrode body 30 is enclosed.
- the adhesion film 41 is inserted between the positive electrode lead 31 and the exterior member 40, and the adhesion film 41 is inserted between the negative electrode lead 32 and the exterior member 40.
- the positive electrode lead 31 is connected to the positive electrode 33 using a welding method or the like, and the negative electrode lead 32 is connected to the negative electrode 34 using a welding method or the like.
- a wound body that is a precursor of the wound electrode body 30 is manufactured by winding the positive electrode 33 and the negative electrode 34 stacked via the separator 35.
- the protective tape 37 is affixed on the outermost periphery part of a wound body.
- the remaining outer peripheral edge portion excluding the outer peripheral edge portion on one side of the exterior member 40 is bonded using a heat fusion method or the like.
- the wound body is accommodated in the bag-shaped exterior member 40.
- an electrolyte composition is prepared by mixing an electrolytic solution, a monomer that is a raw material of the polymer compound, a polymerization initiator, and other materials such as a polymerization inhibitor as necessary.
- the electrolyte composition is injected into the bag-shaped exterior member 40, the exterior member 40 is sealed using a heat fusion method or the like.
- the polymer is formed by thermally polymerizing the monomer. Thereby, since the electrolytic solution is held by the polymer compound, the gel electrolyte layer 36 is formed.
- a wound body is produced by the same procedure as the second procedure described above, except that the separator 35 in which the polymer compound layer is formed on the porous film (base material layer) is used.
- the wound body is housed inside the shaped exterior member 40.
- the opening of the exterior member 40 is sealed using a thermal fusion method or the like.
- the exterior member 40 is heated to bring the separator 35 into close contact with the positive electrode 33 through the polymer compound layer and the separator 35 through the polymer compound layer to the negative electrode. Adhere to 34.
- the electrolytic solution impregnates the polymer compound layer, and the polymer compound layer gels, so that the electrolyte layer 36 is formed.
- the secondary battery is less likely to swell compared to the first procedure. Further, in the third procedure, compared with the second procedure, the solvent, the monomer (raw material of the polymer compound) and the like hardly remain in the electrolyte layer 36, and therefore the formation process of the polymer compound is well controlled. For this reason, each of the positive electrode 33, the negative electrode 34, and the separator 35 is sufficiently adhered to the electrolyte layer 36.
- the negative electrode 34 has the same configuration as the negative electrode of the embodiment of the present technology, and therefore excellent for the same reason as the cylindrical secondary battery. Battery characteristics can be obtained.
- Secondary batteries can be used in machines, equipment, instruments, devices and systems (aggregates of multiple equipment) that can be used as a power source for driving or a power storage source for power storage. If there is, it will not be specifically limited.
- the secondary battery used as a power source may be a main power source or an auxiliary power source.
- the main power source is a power source that is preferentially used regardless of the presence or absence of other power sources.
- the auxiliary power supply may be, for example, a power supply used instead of the main power supply, or a power supply that can be switched from the main power supply as necessary.
- the type of main power source is not limited to the secondary battery.
- the usage of the secondary battery is, for example, as follows.
- Electronic devices including portable electronic devices
- portable electronic devices such as video cameras, digital still cameras, mobile phones, notebook computers, cordless phones, headphone stereos, portable radios, portable televisions, and portable information terminals.
- It is a portable living device such as an electric shaver.
- Storage devices such as backup power supplies and memory cards.
- Electric tools such as electric drills and electric saws.
- It is a battery pack that is mounted on a notebook computer or the like as a detachable power source.
- Medical electronic devices such as pacemakers and hearing aids.
- An electric vehicle such as an electric vehicle (including a hybrid vehicle).
- It is an electric power storage system such as a home battery system that stores electric power in case of an emergency.
- the secondary battery may be used for other purposes.
- the battery pack is a power source using a secondary battery. As will be described later, this battery pack may use a single battery or an assembled battery.
- An electric vehicle is a vehicle that operates (runs) using a secondary battery as a driving power source, and may be an automobile (such as a hybrid automobile) that includes a drive source other than the secondary battery as described above.
- the power storage system is a system that uses a secondary battery as a power storage source.
- a secondary battery which is a power storage source
- An electric power tool is a tool in which a movable part (for example, a drill etc.) moves, using a secondary battery as a driving power source.
- An electronic device is a device that exhibits various functions using a secondary battery as a driving power source (power supply source).
- FIG. 6 shows a perspective configuration of a battery pack using single cells.
- FIG. 7 shows a block configuration of the battery pack shown in FIG. FIG. 6 shows a state where the battery pack is disassembled.
- the battery pack described here is a simple battery pack (so-called soft pack) using one secondary battery of the present technology, and is mounted on, for example, an electronic device typified by a smartphone.
- the battery pack includes a power supply 111 that is a laminate film type secondary battery, and a circuit board 116 connected to the power supply 111.
- a positive electrode lead 112 and a negative electrode lead 113 are attached to the power source 111.
- a pair of adhesive tapes 118 and 119 are attached to both side surfaces of the power source 111.
- a protection circuit (PCM: Protection Circuit Circuit Module) is formed on the circuit board 116.
- the circuit board 116 is connected to the positive electrode 112 through the tab 114 and is connected to the negative electrode lead 113 through the tab 115.
- the circuit board 116 is connected to a lead wire 117 with a connector for external connection. In the state where the circuit board 116 is connected to the power source 111, the circuit board 116 is protected by the label 120 and the insulating sheet 121. By attaching the label 120, the circuit board 116, the insulating sheet 121, and the like are fixed.
- the battery pack includes, for example, a power supply 111 and a circuit board 116 as shown in FIG.
- the circuit board 116 includes, for example, a control unit 121, a switch unit 122, a PTC element 123, and a temperature detection unit 124. Since the power source 111 can be connected to the outside via the positive electrode terminal 125 and the negative electrode terminal 127, the power source 111 is charged / discharged via the positive electrode terminal 125 and the negative electrode terminal 127.
- the temperature detector 124 detects the temperature using a temperature detection terminal (so-called T terminal) 126.
- the controller 121 controls the operation of the entire battery pack (including the usage state of the power supply 111).
- the control unit 121 includes, for example, a central processing unit (CPU) and a memory.
- the control unit 121 disconnects the switch unit 122 so that the charging current does not flow in the current path of the power supply 111. For example, when a large current flows during charging, the control unit 121 cuts off the charging current by cutting the switch unit 122.
- the control unit 121 disconnects the switch unit 122 so that no discharge current flows in the current path of the power supply 111.
- the control unit 121 cuts off the discharge current by cutting the switch unit 122.
- the overcharge detection voltage is, for example, 4.2V ⁇ 0.05V, and the overdischarge detection voltage is, for example, 2.4V ⁇ 0.1V.
- the switch unit 122 switches the usage state of the power source 111, that is, whether or not the power source 111 is connected to an external device, in accordance with an instruction from the control unit 121.
- the switch unit 122 includes, for example, a charge control switch and a discharge control switch.
- Each of the charge control switch and the discharge control switch is, for example, a semiconductor switch such as a field effect transistor (MOSFET) using a metal oxide semiconductor.
- MOSFET field effect transistor
- the temperature detection unit 124 measures the temperature of the power supply 111 and outputs the temperature measurement result to the control unit 121.
- the temperature detection unit 124 includes a temperature detection element such as a thermistor, for example.
- the temperature measurement result measured by the temperature detection unit 124 is used when the control unit 121 performs charge / discharge control during abnormal heat generation, or when the control unit 121 performs correction processing when calculating the remaining capacity. .
- circuit board 116 may not include the PTC element 123. In this case, a PTC element may be attached to the circuit board 116 separately.
- FIG. 8 shows a block configuration of a battery pack using an assembled battery.
- This battery pack includes, for example, a control unit 61, a power source 62, a switch unit 63, a current measurement unit 64, a temperature detection unit 65, a voltage detection unit 66, and a switch control unit 67 inside the housing 60.
- the housing 60 includes, for example, a plastic material.
- the control unit 61 controls the operation of the entire battery pack (including the usage state of the power supply 62).
- the control unit 61 includes, for example, a CPU.
- the power source 62 is an assembled battery including two or more secondary batteries of the present technology, and the connection form of the two or more secondary batteries may be in series, in parallel, or a mixture of both.
- the power source 62 includes six secondary batteries connected in two parallel three series.
- the switch unit 63 switches the usage state of the power source 62, that is, whether or not the power source 62 is connected to an external device, in accordance with an instruction from the control unit 61.
- the switch unit 63 includes, for example, a charge control switch, a discharge control switch, a charging diode, a discharging diode, and the like.
- Each of the charge control switch and the discharge control switch is, for example, a semiconductor switch such as a field effect transistor (MOSFET) using a metal oxide semiconductor.
- MOSFET field effect transistor
- the current measurement unit 64 measures the current using the current detection resistor 70 and outputs the measurement result of the current to the control unit 61.
- the temperature detection unit 65 measures the temperature using the temperature detection element 69 and outputs the temperature measurement result to the control unit 61. This temperature measurement result is used, for example, when the control unit 61 performs charge / discharge control during abnormal heat generation, or when the control unit 61 performs correction processing when calculating the remaining capacity.
- the voltage detection unit 66 measures the voltage of the secondary battery in the power source 62 and supplies the control unit 61 with the measurement result of the analog-digital converted voltage.
- the switch control unit 67 controls the operation of the switch unit 63 according to signals input from the current measurement unit 64 and the voltage detection unit 66, respectively.
- the switch control unit 67 disconnects the switch unit 63 (charge control switch) so that the charging current does not flow in the current path of the power source 62.
- the power source 62 can only discharge through the discharging diode.
- the switch control unit 67 cuts off the charging current.
- the switch control unit 67 disconnects the switch unit 63 (discharge control switch) so that the discharge current does not flow in the current path of the power source 62.
- the power source 62 can only be charged via the charging diode.
- the switch control unit 67 interrupts the discharge current.
- the overcharge detection voltage is, for example, 4.2V ⁇ 0.05V, and the overdischarge detection voltage is, for example, 2.4V ⁇ 0.1V.
- the memory 68 includes, for example, an EEPROM which is a nonvolatile memory.
- the memory 68 stores, for example, numerical values calculated by the control unit 61, information on the secondary battery measured in the manufacturing process stage (for example, internal resistance in an initial state), and the like. If the full charge capacity of the secondary battery is stored in the memory 68, the control unit 61 can grasp information such as the remaining capacity.
- the temperature detection element 69 measures the temperature of the power supply 62 and outputs the temperature measurement result to the control unit 61.
- the temperature detection element 69 includes, for example, a thermistor.
- Each of the positive electrode terminal 71 and the negative electrode terminal 72 is used for an external device (eg, a notebook personal computer) that is operated using a battery pack, an external device (eg, a charger) that is used to charge the battery pack, and the like. It is a terminal to be connected.
- the power source 62 is charged and discharged via the positive terminal 71 and the negative terminal 72.
- FIG. 9 shows a block configuration of a hybrid vehicle which is an example of an electric vehicle.
- This electric vehicle includes, for example, a control unit 74, an engine 75, a power source 76, a driving motor 77, a differential device 78, a generator 79, and a transmission 80 inside a metal casing 73. And a clutch 81, inverters 82 and 83, and various sensors 84.
- the electric vehicle includes, for example, a front wheel drive shaft 85 and a front wheel 86 connected to the differential device 78 and the transmission 80, and a rear wheel drive shaft 87 and a rear wheel 88.
- This electric vehicle can travel using, for example, one of the engine 75 and the motor 77 as a drive source.
- the engine 75 is a main power source, such as a gasoline engine.
- the driving force (rotational force) of the engine 75 is transmitted to the front wheels 86 and the rear wheels 88 via the differential device 78, the transmission 80, and the clutch 81 which are driving units.
- the motor 77 serving as the conversion unit is used as a power source
- the power (DC power) supplied from the power source 76 is converted into AC power via the inverter 82, and therefore the motor is utilized using the AC power.
- 77 is driven.
- the driving force (rotational force) converted from the electric power by the motor 77 is transmitted to the front wheels 86 and the rear wheels 88 via, for example, a differential device 78 that is a driving unit, a transmission 80, and a clutch 81.
- the motor 77 may generate AC power using the rotational force. Good. Since this AC power is converted into DC power via the inverter 82, the DC regenerative power is preferably stored in the power source 76.
- the control unit 74 controls the operation of the entire electric vehicle.
- the control unit 74 includes, for example, a CPU.
- the power source 76 includes one or more secondary batteries of the present technology.
- the power source 76 may be connected to an external power source, and may store power by receiving power supply from the external power source.
- the various sensors 84 are used, for example, to control the rotational speed of the engine 75 and to control the throttle valve opening (throttle opening).
- the various sensors 84 include, for example, any one or more of speed sensors, acceleration sensors, engine speed sensors, and the like.
- the electric vehicle may be a vehicle (electric vehicle) that operates using only the power source 76 and the motor 77 without using the engine 75.
- FIG. 10 shows a block configuration of the power storage system.
- This power storage system includes, for example, a control unit 90, a power source 91, a smart meter 92, and a power hub 93 in a house 89 such as a general house or a commercial building.
- the power source 91 is connected to an electric device 94 installed in the house 89 and can be connected to an electric vehicle 96 stopped outside the house 89.
- the power source 91 is connected to, for example, a private generator 95 installed in a house 89 via a power hub 93 and also connected to an external centralized power system 97 via a smart meter 92 and the power hub 93. It is possible.
- the electric device 94 includes, for example, one or more home appliances, and the home appliances are, for example, a refrigerator, an air conditioner, a television, and a water heater.
- the private power generator 95 includes, for example, any one type or two or more types among a solar power generator and a wind power generator.
- the electric vehicle 96 includes, for example, any one or more of an electric vehicle, an electric motorcycle, and a hybrid vehicle.
- the centralized power system 97 includes, for example, any one or more of a thermal power plant, a nuclear power plant, a hydroelectric power plant, and a wind power plant.
- the control unit 90 controls the operation of the entire power storage system (including the usage state of the power supply 91).
- the control unit 90 includes, for example, a CPU.
- the power source 91 includes one or more secondary batteries of the present technology.
- the smart meter 92 is, for example, a network-compatible power meter installed in the house 89 on the power demand side, and can communicate with the power supply side. Accordingly, the smart meter 92 enables highly efficient and stable energy supply, for example, by controlling the balance between the demand and supply of power in the house 89 while communicating with the outside.
- the power storage system for example, power is accumulated in the power source 91 from the centralized power system 97 that is an external power source via the smart meter 92 and the power hub 93, and from the private power generator 95 that is an independent power source via the power hub 93.
- electric power is accumulated in the power source 91.
- the electric power stored in the power supply 91 is supplied to the electric device 94 and the electric vehicle 96 in accordance with an instruction from the control unit 90, so that the electric device 94 can be operated and the electric vehicle 96 can be charged.
- the power storage system is a system that makes it possible to store and supply power in the house 89 using the power source 91.
- the power stored in the power source 91 can be used as necessary. For this reason, for example, power is stored in the power source 91 from the centralized power system 97 at midnight when the electricity usage fee is low, and the power stored in the power source 91 is used during the day when the electricity usage fee is high. it can.
- the power storage system described above may be installed for each house (one household), or may be installed for each of a plurality of houses (multiple households).
- FIG. 11 shows a block configuration of the electric power tool.
- the electric tool described here is, for example, an electric drill.
- This electric tool includes, for example, a control unit 99 and a power source 100 inside a tool body 98.
- a drill portion 101 which is a movable portion is attached to the tool body 98 so as to be operable (rotatable).
- the tool main body 98 includes, for example, a plastic material.
- the control unit 99 controls the operation of the entire power tool (including the usage state of the power supply 100).
- the control unit 99 includes, for example, a CPU.
- the power supply 100 includes one or more secondary batteries of the present technology.
- the control unit 99 supplies power from the power supply 100 to the drill unit 101 in accordance with the operation of the operation switch.
- the positive electrode 33 In producing the positive electrode 33, first, 98 parts by mass of a positive electrode active material (LiCoO 2 ), 1 part by mass of a positive electrode binder (polyvinylidene fluoride), and 1 part by mass of a positive electrode conductive agent (carbon black) are added. By mixing, a positive electrode mixture was obtained. Subsequently, the positive electrode mixture was charged into an organic solvent (N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone), and then the organic solvent was stirred to obtain a paste-like positive electrode mixture slurry.
- a positive electrode active material LiCoO 2
- a positive electrode binder polyvinylidene fluoride
- carbon black a positive electrode conductive agent
- the positive electrode mixture slurry was applied to both surfaces of the positive electrode current collector 33A (20 ⁇ m-thick striped aluminum foil) using a coating apparatus, and then the positive electrode mixture slurry was dried, whereby the positive electrode active material layer 33B was formed. Formed. Finally, the positive electrode active material layer 33B was compression molded using a roll press.
- first negative electrode active material particles graphite
- second negative electrode active material particles graphite
- first negative electrode binder styrene butadiene rubber (SBR)
- a second negative electrode binder polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)
- PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
- thickener carboxymethylcellulose
- R value and median D50 ( ⁇ m) of the plurality of first negative electrode active material particles, R value and median D50 ( ⁇ m) of the plurality of second negative electrode active material particles, and a mixture of the plurality of first negative electrode active material particles are: As shown in Table 1 and Table 2. Each of the R value measurement method and the ratio P measurement method is as described above.
- the R value is changed and a plurality of types of first negative electrode active materials having different median D50 values are used.
- the median D50 was changed.
- each of the R value and the median D50 of the plurality of second negative electrode active material particles was changed.
- the mixing ratio was changed by changing one or both of the mixing amount of the plurality of first negative electrode active material particles and the mixing amount of the plurality of second negative electrode active material particles.
- the mixing ratio (wt%) of the first negative electrode binder and the mixing ratio (wt%) of the second negative electrode binder are as shown in Tables 1 and 2.
- the negative electrode mixture was poured into an aqueous solvent (pure water), and the aqueous solvent was stirred to obtain a paste-like negative electrode mixture slurry.
- the negative electrode mixture slurry was applied to both surfaces of the negative electrode current collector 34A (15 ⁇ m thick strip copper foil) using a coating apparatus, and then the negative electrode mixture slurry was dried, whereby the negative electrode active material layer 34B was formed. Formed. Finally, the negative electrode active material layer 34B was compression molded using a roll press.
- an electrolyte salt LiPF 6
- a non-aqueous solvent ethylene carbonate and propylene carbonate
- the non-aqueous solvent is stirred, so that the electrolyte salt is added to the non-aqueous solvent. Dissolved.
- the content of the electrolyte salt was 1 mol / kg with respect to the nonaqueous solvent.
- a precursor solution was prepared by mixing an electrolytic solution, a polymer compound (polyvinylidene fluoride), and an organic solvent for dilution (diethyl carbonate).
- the precursor solution was dried to form a gel electrolyte layer.
- the precursor solution was dried, and the gel-like electrolyte layer 36 was formed.
- the positive electrode lead 31 made of aluminum was welded to the positive electrode current collector 33A, and the negative electrode lead 32 made of copper was welded to the negative electrode current collector 34A.
- the positive electrode 33 on which the electrolyte layer 36 is formed and the negative electrode 34 on which the electrolyte layer 36 is formed are stacked via a separator 35 (a 20 ⁇ m-thick microporous polyethylene stretched film). Obtained.
- the wound electrode body 30 was produced by affixing the protective tape 37 on the outermost peripheral part of the laminated body.
- the exterior member 40 is an aluminum laminated film in which a 25 ⁇ m thick nylon film, a 40 ⁇ m thick aluminum foil, and a 30 ⁇ m thick polypropylene film are laminated in this order from the outside.
- the adhesion film 41 was inserted between the positive electrode lead 31 and the exterior member 40, and the adhesion film 41 was inserted between the negative electrode lead 32 and the exterior member 40.
- Each of the initial capacity and the capacity retention rate fluctuated according to the conditions regarding each of the plurality of first negative electrode active material particles, the plurality of second negative electrode active material particles, the first negative electrode binder, and the second negative electrode binder.
- each of the plurality of first negative electrode active material particles, the plurality of second negative electrode active material particles, each of the first negative electrode binder and the second negative electrode binder, the physical properties, dimensions, mixing ratio, and presence / absence thereof When the conditions are appropriate (Experimental Examples 1 to 10), the capacity is maintained while ensuring a high initial capacity compared to the case where those conditions are not appropriate (Experimental Examples 11 to 22). The rate has increased.
- the R value of the plurality of first negative electrode active material particles is 0.35 to 0.45, and the median diameter D50 of the plurality of first negative electrode active material particles is 5 ⁇ m to 14.5 ⁇ m. .
- the R value of the plurality of second negative electrode active material particles is 0.1 to 0.25, and the median diameter D50 of the plurality of second negative electrode active material particles is 15 ⁇ m to 25 ⁇ m.
- the ratio (mixing ratio) of the weight of the first negative electrode active material particles to the sum of the weight of the plurality of first negative electrode active material particles and the weight of the second negative electrode active material particles is 10% by weight to 50% by weight. It is.
- the negative electrode 34 includes both a first negative electrode binder (styrene butadiene rubber) and a second negative electrode binder (polyvinylidene fluoride).
- the conditions regarding the material, physical properties, dimensions, mixing ratio, and presence / absence of each of the plurality of first negative electrode active material particles, the plurality of second negative electrode active material particles, the first negative electrode binder, and the second negative electrode binder are appropriate.
- the ratio P was in the range (Experimental Examples 1 to 10)
- the ratio P was 36 to 42, a sufficient initial capacity was obtained and a sufficient capacity retention rate was also obtained.
- the negative electrode 34 includes a plurality of first negative electrode active material particles, a plurality of second negative electrode active material particles, a first negative electrode binder, and a second negative electrode binder,
- the cycle characteristics were improved while ensuring the capacity characteristics. Therefore, excellent battery characteristics were obtained in the secondary battery.
- the secondary battery of the present technology can be applied to cases having other battery structures such as a square type, a coin type, and a button type, and is also applicable to cases where the battery element has other structures such as a laminated structure. Is possible.
- the negative electrode for a secondary battery of the present technology is not limited to a secondary battery, and may be applied to other electrochemical devices.
- Other electrochemical devices are, for example, capacitors.
- the negative electrode includes a plurality of first negative electrode active material particles, a plurality of second negative electrode active material particles, a first negative electrode binder, and a second negative electrode binder, Each of the plurality of first negative electrode active material particles includes carbon as a constituent element, and the R value of the plurality of first negative electrode active material particles is 0.35 to 0.45,
- the median diameter D50 of the negative electrode active material particles is 5 ⁇ m or more and 14.5 ⁇ m or less
- Each of the plurality of second negative electrode active material particles includes carbon as a constituent element, and the R value of the plurality of second negative electrode active material particles is 0.1 or more and 0.25 or less, and the plurality of second negative electrode active material particles
- the median diameter D50 of the negative electrode active material particles is 15 ⁇ m or more and 25 ⁇ m or less,
- the first negative electrode binder includes at least one of styrene butadiene rubber and derivatives thereof
- the second negative electrode binder includes at least one of polyvinylidene fluoride and derivatives thereof.
- a lithium ion secondary battery The secondary battery according to (1) or (2) above.
- a plurality of first negative electrode active material particles, a plurality of second negative electrode active material particles, a first negative electrode binder, and a second negative electrode binder Each of the plurality of first negative electrode active material particles includes carbon as a constituent element, and the R value of the plurality of first negative electrode active material particles is 0.35 to 0.45,
- the median diameter D50 of the negative electrode active material particles is 5 ⁇ m or more and 14.5 ⁇ m or less
- Each of the plurality of second negative electrode active material particles includes carbon as a constituent element, and the R value of the plurality of second negative electrode active material particles is 0.1 or more and 0.25 or less
- the plurality of second negative electrode active material particles The median diameter D50 of the negative electrode active material particles is 15 ⁇ m or more and 25 ⁇ m or less,
- the first negative electrode binder includes at least one of styrene butadiene rubber and derivatives thereof
- the second negative electrode binder includes at least one of polyvinylidene fluoride and derivatives thereof.
- Negative electrode for secondary battery (5) The secondary battery according to any one of (1) to (3) above; A control unit for controlling the operation of the secondary battery; A battery pack comprising: a switch unit that switches the operation of the secondary battery in accordance with an instruction from the control unit. (6) The secondary battery according to any one of (1) to (3) above; A conversion unit that converts electric power supplied from the secondary battery into driving force; A drive unit that is driven according to the drive force; An electric vehicle comprising: a control unit that controls the operation of the secondary battery.
- the secondary battery according to any one of (1) to (3) above One or more electric devices supplied with electric power from the secondary battery; And a control unit that controls power supply from the secondary battery to the electrical device.
- An electronic device comprising the secondary battery according to any one of (1) to (3) as a power supply source.
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Abstract
Description
1.二次電池用負極
1-1.構成
1-2.製造方法
1-3.作用および効果
2.二次電池
2-1.リチウムイオン二次電池(円筒型)
2-2.リチウムイオン二次電池(ラミネートフィルム型)
3.二次電池の用途
3-1.電池パック(単電池)
3-2.電池パック(組電池)
3-3.電動車両
3-4.電力貯蔵システム
3-5.電動工具
まず、本技術の一実施形態の二次電池用負極に関して説明する。
負極は、以下で説明する構成を有している。
図1は、負極の断面構成を表している。この負極は、例えば、図1に示したように、負極集電体1と、その負極集電体1の上に設けられた負極活物質層2とを含んでいる。
負極集電体1は、例えば、導電性材料のうちのいずれか1種類または2種類以上を含んでいる。導電性材料の種類は、特に限定されないが、例えば、銅、アルミニウム、ニッケルおよびステンレスなどの金属材料である。この金属材料は、金属の単体に限らず、合金でもよい。なお、負極集電体1は、単層でもよいし、多層でもよい。
負極活物質層2は、2種類の負極活物質と、2種類の負極結着剤とを含んでいる。ただし、負極活物質層2は、さらに、負極導電剤などの他の材料のうちのいずれか1種類または2種類以上を含んでいてもよい。
複数の第1負極活物質粒子は、上記したように、複数の粒子状の負極活物質であるため、負極活物質層2中において分散されている。
複数の第2負極活物質粒子は、上記したように、複数の粒子状の負極活物質であるため、複数の第1負極活物質粒子と同様に、負極活物質層2中において分散されている。なお、「粒子(または粒子状)」に関する定義は、上記した通りである。
第1負極結着剤は、スチレンブタジエンゴムおよびその誘導体のうちの一方または双方を含んでいる。すなわち、第1負極結着剤は、スチレンブタジエンゴムだけを含んでいてもよいし、スチレンブタジエンゴムの誘導体だけを含んでいてもよいし、双方を含んでいてもよい。ただし、スチレンブタジエンゴムの誘導体の種類は、1種類だけでもよいし、2種類以上でもよい。
第2負極結着剤は、ポリフッ化ビニリデンおよびその誘導体のうちの一方または双方を含んでいる。すなわち、第2負極結着剤は、ポリフッ化ビニリデンだけを含んでいてもよいし、ポリフッ化ビニリデンの誘導体だけを含んでいてもよいし、双方を含んでいてもよい。ただし、ポリフッ化ビニリデンの誘導体の種類は、1種類だけでもよいし、2種類以上でもよい。
なお、負極活物質層2は、上記した2種類の負極活物質(複数の第1負極活物質粒子および複数の第2負極活物質粒子)と共に、他の負極活物質のうちのいずれか1種類または2種類以上を含んでいてもよい。
なお、負極活物質層2は、上記した2種類の負極結着剤(第1負極結着剤および第2負極結着剤)と共に、他の負極結着剤のうちのいずれか1種類または2種類以上を含んでいてもよい。
負極導電剤は、例えば、炭素材料などのうちのいずれか1種類または2種類以上を含んでいる。この炭素材料は、例えば、黒鉛、カーボンブラックおよび繊維状炭素などであり、そのカーボンブラックは、例えば、アセチレンブラックおよびケチェンブラックなどである。ただし、負極導電剤は、導電性を有する材料であれば、金属材料および導電性高分子などでもよい。
この負極は、例えば、以下で説明する手順により製造される。
この負極によれば、2種類の負極活物質(複数の第1負極活物質粒子および複数の第2負極活物質粒子)および2種類の負極結着剤(第1負極結着剤および第2負極結着剤)を含んでおり、その2種類の負極活物質および2種類の負極結着剤のそれぞれの材質、物性、寸法および混合比に関して上記した条件が満たされている。この場合には、上記したように、高いエネルギー密度が得られると共に、電極反応物質が著しく吸蔵および放出されやすくなるため、優れた電池特性を得ることができる。
次に、上記した本技術の一実施形態の負極を用いた二次電池に関して説明する。
図2は、二次電池の断面構成を表している。図3は、図2に示した巻回電極体20のうちの一部の断面構成を表している。
二次電池は、円筒型の電池構造を有している。この二次電池は、例えば、図2に示したように、中空円柱状の電池缶11の内部に、一対の絶縁板12,13と、電池素子である巻回電極体20とを備えている。巻回電極体20では、例えば、セパレータ23を介して積層された正極21および負極22が巻回されている。この巻回電極体20には、例えば、液状の電解質である電解液が含浸されている。
正極21は、例えば、図3に示したように、正極集電体21Aと、その正極集電体21Aの上に設けられた正極活物質層13Bとを含んでいる。
(M1は、コバルト、マグネシウム、アルミニウム、ホウ素、チタン、バナジウム、クロム、鉄、銅、亜鉛、ジルコニウム、モリブデン、スズ、カルシウム、ストロンチウムおよびタングステンのうちの少なくとも1種である。a~eは、0.8≦a≦1.2、0<b<0.5、0≦c≦0.5、(b+c)<1、-0.1≦d≦0.2および0≦e≦0.1を満たす。ただし、リチウムの組成は充放電状態に応じて異なり、aは完全放電状態の値である。)
(M2は、コバルト、マンガン、マグネシウム、アルミニウム、ホウ素、チタン、バナジウム、クロム、鉄、銅、亜鉛、モリブデン、スズ、カルシウム、ストロンチウムおよびタングステンのうちの少なくとも1種である。a~dは、0.8≦a≦1.2、0.005≦b≦0.5、-0.1≦c≦0.2および0≦d≦0.1を満たす。ただし、リチウムの組成は充放電状態に応じて異なり、aは完全放電状態の値である。)
(M3は、ニッケル、マンガン、マグネシウム、アルミニウム、ホウ素、チタン、バナジウム、クロム、鉄、銅、亜鉛、モリブデン、スズ、カルシウム、ストロンチウムおよびタングステンのうちの少なくとも1種である。a~dは、0.8≦a≦1.2、0≦b<0.5、-0.1≦c≦0.2および0≦d≦0.1を満たす。ただし、リチウムの組成は充放電状態に応じて異なり、aは完全放電状態の値である。)
(M4は、コバルト、ニッケル、マグネシウム、アルミニウム、ホウ素、チタン、バナジウム、クロム、鉄、銅、亜鉛、モリブデン、スズ、カルシウム、ストロンチウムおよびタングステンのうちの少なくとも1種である。a~dは、0.9≦a≦1.1、0≦b≦0.6、3.7≦c≦4.1および0≦d≦0.1を満たす。ただし、リチウムの組成は充放電状態に応じて異なり、aは完全放電状態の値である。)
(M5は、コバルト、マンガン、鉄、ニッケル、マグネシウム、アルミニウム、ホウ素、チタン、バナジウム、ニオブ、銅、亜鉛、モリブデン、カルシウム、ストロンチウム、タングステンおよびジルコニウムのうちの少なくとも1種である。aは、0.9≦a≦1.1を満たす。ただし、リチウムの組成は充放電状態に応じて異なり、aは完全放電状態の値である。)
(xは、0≦x≦1を満たす。)
負極22は、例えば、上記した本技術の一実施形態の負極と同様の構成を有している。すなわち、負極22は、例えば、図3に示したように、負極集電体21Aと、その負極集電体21Aの上に設けられた負極活物質層21Bとを含んでいる。負極集電体21Aおよび負極活物質層21Bのそれぞれ構成は、負極集電体1および負極活物質層2のそれぞれの構成と同様である。
セパレータ23は、正極21と負極22との間に配置されている。これにより、セパレータ23は、正極21と負極22とを隔離すると共に、その正極21と負極22との接触に起因する電流の短絡を防止しながらリチウムイオンを通過させる。
電解液は、例えば、溶媒のうちのいずれか1種類または2種類以上と、電解質塩のうちのいずれか1種類または2種類以上とを含んでいる。なお、電解液は、さらに、添加剤などの各種材料のうちのいずれか1種類または2種類以上を含んでいてもよい。
この二次電池は、例えば、以下のように動作する。
この二次電池は、例えば、以下の手順により製造される。
この円筒型の二次電池によれば、負極22が上記した本技術の一実施形態の負極と同様の構成を有しているので、高いエネルギー密度が得られると共に、負極22がリチウムイオンを著しく吸蔵および放出しやすくなる。よって、優れた電池特性を得ることができる。
図4は、他の二次電池の斜視構成を表している。図5は、図4に示したV-V線に沿った巻回電極体30の断面構成を表している。なお、図4では、巻回電極体30と外装部材40とが離間された状態を示している。
二次電池は、ラミネートフィルム型の電池構造を有するリチウムイオン二次電池である。この二次電池は、例えば、図4に示したように、柔軟性を有するフィルム状の外装部材40の内部に、電池素子である巻回電極体30を備えている。巻回電極体30では、例えば、セパレータ35および電解質層36を介して正極33および負極34が積層されていると共に、その積層物が巻回されている。正極33には、正極リード31が接続されていると共に、負極34には、負極リード32が接続されている。巻回電極体30の最外周部は、保護テープ37により保護されている。
正極33は、例えば、正極集電体33Aおよび正極活物質層33Bを含んでいる。負極34は、負極集電体34Aおよび負極活物質層34Bを含んでいる。正極集電体33A、正極活物質層33B、負極集電体34Aおよび負極活物質層34Bのそれぞれの構成は、例えば、正極集電体21A、正極活物質層21B、負極集電体22Aおよび負極活物質層22Bのそれぞれの構成と同様である。セパレータ35の構成は、例えば、セパレータ23の構成と同様である。
この二次電池は、例えば、以下のように動作する。
ゲル状の電解質層36を備えた二次電池は、例えば、以下の3種類の手順により製造される。
このラミネートフィルム型の二次電池によれば、負極34が上記した本技術の一実施形態の負極と同様の構成を有しているので、円筒型の二次電池と同様の理由により、優れた電池特性を得ることができる。
次に、上記した二次電池の適用例に関して説明する。
図6は、単電池を用いた電池パックの斜視構成を表している。図7は、図6に示した電池パックのブロック構成を表している。なお、図6では、電池パックが分解された状態を示している。
図8は、組電池を用いた電池パックのブロック構成を表している。
図9は、電動車両の一例であるハイブリッド自動車のブロック構成を表している。
図10は、電力貯蔵システムのブロック構成を表している。
図11は、電動工具のブロック構成を表している。
以下の手順により、図4および図5に示したラミネートフィルム型のリチウムイオン二次電池を作製した。
(1)
正極および負極と共に電解液を備え、
前記負極は、複数の第1負極活物質粒子と、複数の第2負極活物質粒子と、第1負極結着剤と、第2負極結着剤とを含み、
前記複数の第1負極活物質粒子のそれぞれは、炭素を構成元素として含み、前記複数の第1負極活物質粒子のR値は、0.35以上0.45以下であり、前記複数の第1負極活物質粒子のメジアン径D50は、5μm以上14.5μm以下であり、
前記複数の第2負極活物質粒子のそれぞれは、炭素を構成元素として含み、前記複数の第2負極活物質粒子のR値は、0.1以上0.25以下であり、前記複数の第2負極活物質粒子のメジアン径D50は、15μm以上25μm以下であり、
前記複数の第1負極活物質粒子の重量と前記複数の第2負極活物質粒子の重量との総和に対する前記複数の第1負極活物質粒子の重量の割合は、10重量%以上50重量%以下であり、
前記第1負極結着剤は、スチレンブタジエンゴムおよびその誘導体のうちの少なくとも一方を含み、
前記第2負極結着剤は、ポリフッ化ビニリデンおよびその誘導体のうちの少なくとも一方を含む、
二次電池。
(2)
X線回折法により測定される前記複数の第1負極活物質粒子および前記複数の第2負極活物質粒子の(110)面に起因するピーク積分強度P1に対する、前記X線回折法により測定される前記複数の第1負極活物質粒子および前記複数の第2負極活物質粒子の(002)面に起因するピーク積分強度P2の比P(=P2/P1)は、36以上42以下である、
上記(1)に記載の二次電池。
(3)
リチウムイオン二次電池である、
上記(1)または(2)に記載の二次電池。
(4)
複数の第1負極活物質粒子と、複数の第2負極活物質粒子と、第1負極結着剤と、第2負極結着剤とを含み、
前記複数の第1負極活物質粒子のそれぞれは、炭素を構成元素として含み、前記複数の第1負極活物質粒子のR値は、0.35以上0.45以下であり、前記複数の第1負極活物質粒子のメジアン径D50は、5μm以上14.5μm以下であり、
前記複数の第2負極活物質粒子のそれぞれは、炭素を構成元素として含み、前記複数の第2負極活物質粒子のR値は、0.1以上0.25以下であり、前記複数の第2負極活物質粒子のメジアン径D50は、15μm以上25μm以下であり、
前記複数の第1負極活物質粒子の重量と前記複数の第2負極活物質粒子の重量との総和に対する前記複数の第1負極活物質粒子の重量の割合は、10重量%以上50重量%以下であり、
前記第1負極結着剤は、スチレンブタジエンゴムおよびその誘導体のうちの少なくとも一方を含み、
前記第2負極結着剤は、ポリフッ化ビニリデンおよびその誘導体のうちの少なくとも一方を含む、
二次電池用負極。
(5)
上記(1)ないし(3)のいずれかに記載の二次電池と、
前記二次電池の動作を制御する制御部と、
前記制御部の指示に応じて前記二次電池の動作を切り換えるスイッチ部と
を備えた、電池パック。
(6)
上記(1)ないし(3)のいずれかに記載の二次電池と、
前記二次電池から供給された電力を駆動力に変換する変換部と、
前記駆動力に応じて駆動する駆動部と、
前記二次電池の動作を制御する制御部と
を備えた、電動車両。
(7)
上記(1)ないし(3)のいずれかに記載の二次電池と、
前記二次電池から電力を供給される1または2以上の電気機器と、
前記二次電池からの前記電気機器に対する電力供給を制御する制御部と
を備えた、電力貯蔵システム。
(8)
上記(1)ないし(3)のいずれかに記載の二次電池と、
前記二次電池から電力を供給される可動部と
を備えた、電動工具。
(9)
上記(1)ないし(3)のいずれかに記載の二次電池を電力供給源として備えた、電子機器。
Claims (9)
- 正極および負極と共に電解液を備え、
前記負極は、複数の第1負極活物質粒子と、複数の第2負極活物質粒子と、第1負極結着剤と、第2負極結着剤とを含み、
前記複数の第1負極活物質粒子のそれぞれは、炭素を構成元素として含み、前記複数の第1負極活物質粒子のR値は、0.35以上0.45以下であり、前記複数の第1負極活物質粒子のメジアン径D50は、5μm以上14.5μm以下であり、
前記複数の第2負極活物質粒子のそれぞれは、炭素を構成元素として含み、前記複数の第2負極活物質粒子のR値は、0.1以上0.25以下であり、前記複数の第2負極活物質粒子のメジアン径D50は、15μm以上25μm以下であり、
前記複数の第1負極活物質粒子の重量と前記複数の第2負極活物質粒子の重量との総和に対する前記複数の第1負極活物質粒子の重量の割合は、10重量%以上50重量%以下であり、
前記第1負極結着剤は、スチレンブタジエンゴムおよびその誘導体のうちの少なくとも一方を含み、
前記第2負極結着剤は、ポリフッ化ビニリデンおよびその誘導体のうちの少なくとも一方を含む、
二次電池。 - X線回折法により測定される前記複数の第1負極活物質粒子および前記複数の第2負極活物質粒子の(110)面に起因するピーク積分強度P1に対する、前記X線回折法により測定される前記複数の第1負極活物質粒子および前記複数の第2負極活物質粒子の(002)面に起因するピーク積分強度P2の比P(=P2/P1)は、36以上42以下である、
請求項1記載の二次電池。 - リチウムイオン二次電池である、
請求項1記載の二次電池。 - 複数の第1負極活物質粒子と、複数の第2負極活物質粒子と、第1負極結着剤と、第2負極結着剤とを含み、
前記複数の第1負極活物質粒子のそれぞれは、炭素を構成元素として含み、前記複数の第1負極活物質粒子のR値は、0.35以上0.45以下であり、前記複数の第1負極活物質粒子のメジアン径D50は、5μm以上14.5μm以下であり、
前記複数の第2負極活物質粒子のそれぞれは、炭素を構成元素として含み、前記複数の第2負極活物質粒子のR値は、0.1以上0.25以下であり、前記複数の第2負極活物質粒子のメジアン径D50は、15μm以上25μm以下であり、
前記複数の第1負極活物質粒子の重量と前記複数の第2負極活物質粒子の重量との総和に対する前記複数の第1負極活物質粒子の重量の割合は、10重量%以上50重量%以下であり、
前記第1負極結着剤は、スチレンブタジエンゴムおよびその誘導体のうちの少なくとも一方を含み、
前記第2負極結着剤は、ポリフッ化ビニリデンおよびその誘導体のうちの少なくとも一方を含む、
二次電池用負極。 - 二次電池と、
前記二次電池の動作を制御する制御部と、
前記制御部の指示に応じて前記二次電池の動作を切り換えるスイッチ部と
を備え、
前記二次電池は、
正極および負極と共に電解液を備え、
前記負極は、複数の第1負極活物質粒子と、複数の第2負極活物質粒子と、第1負極結着剤と、第2負極結着剤とを含み、
前記複数の第1負極活物質粒子のそれぞれは、炭素を構成元素として含み、前記複数の第1負極活物質粒子のR値は、0.35以上0.45以下であり、前記複数の第1負極活物質粒子のメジアン径D50は、5μm以上14.5μm以下であり、
前記複数の第2負極活物質粒子のそれぞれは、炭素を構成元素として含み、前記複数の第2負極活物質粒子のR値は、0.1以上0.25以下であり、前記複数の第2負極活物質粒子のメジアン径D50は、15μm以上25μm以下であり、
前記複数の第1負極活物質粒子の重量と前記複数の第2負極活物質粒子の重量との総和に対する前記複数の第1負極活物質粒子の重量の割合は、10重量%以上50重量%以下であり、
前記第1負極結着剤は、スチレンブタジエンゴムおよびその誘導体のうちの少なくとも一方を含み、
前記第2負極結着剤は、ポリフッ化ビニリデンおよびその誘導体のうちの少なくとも一方を含む、
電池パック。 - 二次電池と、
前記二次電池から供給された電力を駆動力に変換する変換部と、
前記駆動力に応じて駆動する駆動部と、
前記二次電池の動作を制御する制御部と
を備え、
前記二次電池は、
正極および負極と共に電解液を備え、
前記負極は、複数の第1負極活物質粒子と、複数の第2負極活物質粒子と、第1負極結着剤と、第2負極結着剤とを含み、
前記複数の第1負極活物質粒子のそれぞれは、炭素を構成元素として含み、前記複数の第1負極活物質粒子のR値は、0.35以上0.45以下であり、前記複数の第1負極活物質粒子のメジアン径D50は、5μm以上14.5μm以下であり、
前記複数の第2負極活物質粒子のそれぞれは、炭素を構成元素として含み、前記複数の第2負極活物質粒子のR値は、0.1以上0.25以下であり、前記複数の第2負極活物質粒子のメジアン径D50は、15μm以上25μm以下であり、
前記複数の第1負極活物質粒子の重量と前記複数の第2負極活物質粒子の重量との総和に対する前記複数の第1負極活物質粒子の重量の割合は、10重量%以上50重量%以下であり、
前記第1負極結着剤は、スチレンブタジエンゴムおよびその誘導体のうちの少なくとも一方を含み、
前記第2負極結着剤は、ポリフッ化ビニリデンおよびその誘導体のうちの少なくとも一方を含む、
電動車両。 - 二次電池と、
前記二次電池から電力を供給される1または2以上の電気機器と、
前記二次電池からの前記電気機器に対する電力供給を制御する制御部と
を備え、
前記二次電池は、
正極および負極と共に電解液を備え、
前記負極は、複数の第1負極活物質粒子と、複数の第2負極活物質粒子と、第1負極結着剤と、第2負極結着剤とを含み、
前記複数の第1負極活物質粒子のそれぞれは、炭素を構成元素として含み、前記複数の第1負極活物質粒子のR値は、0.35以上0.45以下であり、前記複数の第1負極活物質粒子のメジアン径D50は、5μm以上14.5μm以下であり、
前記複数の第2負極活物質粒子のそれぞれは、炭素を構成元素として含み、前記複数の第2負極活物質粒子のR値は、0.1以上0.25以下であり、前記複数の第2負極活物質粒子のメジアン径D50は、15μm以上25μm以下であり、
前記複数の第1負極活物質粒子の重量と前記複数の第2負極活物質粒子の重量との総和に対する前記複数の第1負極活物質粒子の重量の割合は、10重量%以上50重量%以下であり、
前記第1負極結着剤は、スチレンブタジエンゴムおよびその誘導体のうちの少なくとも一方を含み、
前記第2負極結着剤は、ポリフッ化ビニリデンおよびその誘導体のうちの少なくとも一方を含む、
電力貯蔵システム。 - 二次電池と、
前記二次電池から電力を供給される可動部と
を備え、
前記二次電池は、
正極および負極と共に電解液を備え、
前記負極は、複数の第1負極活物質粒子と、複数の第2負極活物質粒子と、第1負極結着剤と、第2負極結着剤とを含み、
前記複数の第1負極活物質粒子のそれぞれは、炭素を構成元素として含み、前記複数の第1負極活物質粒子のR値は、0.35以上0.45以下であり、前記複数の第1負極活物質粒子のメジアン径D50は、5μm以上14.5μm以下であり、
前記複数の第2負極活物質粒子のそれぞれは、炭素を構成元素として含み、前記複数の第2負極活物質粒子のR値は、0.1以上0.25以下であり、前記複数の第2負極活物質粒子のメジアン径D50は、15μm以上25μm以下であり、
前記複数の第1負極活物質粒子の重量と前記複数の第2負極活物質粒子の重量との総和に対する前記複数の第1負極活物質粒子の重量の割合は、10重量%以上50重量%以下であり、
前記第1負極結着剤は、スチレンブタジエンゴムおよびその誘導体のうちの少なくとも一方を含み、
前記第2負極結着剤は、ポリフッ化ビニリデンおよびその誘導体のうちの少なくとも一方を含む、
電動工具。 - 二次電池を電力供給源として備え、
前記二次電池は、
正極および負極と共に電解液を備え、
前記負極は、複数の第1負極活物質粒子と、複数の第2負極活物質粒子と、第1負極結着剤と、第2負極結着剤とを含み、
前記複数の第1負極活物質粒子のそれぞれは、炭素を構成元素として含み、前記複数の第1負極活物質粒子のR値は、0.35以上0.45以下であり、前記複数の第1負極活物質粒子のメジアン径D50は、5μm以上14.5μm以下であり、
前記複数の第2負極活物質粒子のそれぞれは、炭素を構成元素として含み、前記複数の第2負極活物質粒子のR値は、0.1以上0.25以下であり、前記複数の第2負極活物質粒子のメジアン径D50は、15μm以上25μm以下であり、
前記複数の第1負極活物質粒子の重量と前記複数の第2負極活物質粒子の重量との総和に対する前記複数の第1負極活物質粒子の重量の割合は、10重量%以上50重量%以下であり、
前記第1負極結着剤は、スチレンブタジエンゴムおよびその誘導体のうちの少なくとも一方を含み、
前記第2負極結着剤は、ポリフッ化ビニリデンおよびその誘導体のうちの少なくとも一方を含む、
電子機器。
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| JP2018565928A JP6874777B2 (ja) | 2017-01-31 | 2017-10-16 | 二次電池用負極、二次電池、電池パック、電動車両、電力貯蔵システム、電動工具および電子機器 |
| EP17895318.8A EP3579309B1 (en) | 2017-01-31 | 2017-10-16 | Negative electrode for secondary battery, secondary battery, battery pack, electric vehicle, power storage system, electric tool, and electronic apparatus |
| CN201780085167.4A CN110249459B (zh) | 2017-01-31 | 2017-10-16 | 二次电池用负极、二次电池、电池包、电动车辆、蓄电系统、电动工具及电子设备 |
| US16/523,520 US11228025B2 (en) | 2017-01-31 | 2019-07-26 | Anode for secondary battery, secondary battery, battery pack, electric motor vehicle, power storage system, electric tool, and electronic device |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| EP3579309A1 (en) | 2019-12-11 |
| CN110249459B (zh) | 2022-11-18 |
| EP3579309A4 (en) | 2020-12-02 |
| CN110249459A (zh) | 2019-09-17 |
| US20190348670A1 (en) | 2019-11-14 |
| JP6874777B2 (ja) | 2021-05-19 |
| US11228025B2 (en) | 2022-01-18 |
| JPWO2018142682A1 (ja) | 2019-11-07 |
| EP3579309B1 (en) | 2025-12-03 |
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