WO2018037651A1 - 硬質材料、及び切削工具 - Google Patents
硬質材料、及び切削工具 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2018037651A1 WO2018037651A1 PCT/JP2017/019873 JP2017019873W WO2018037651A1 WO 2018037651 A1 WO2018037651 A1 WO 2018037651A1 JP 2017019873 W JP2017019873 W JP 2017019873W WO 2018037651 A1 WO2018037651 A1 WO 2018037651A1
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- hard phase
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C29/00—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides
- C22C29/02—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides
- C22C29/04—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides based on carbonitrides
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F7/00—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression
- B22F7/06—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B27/00—Tools for turning or boring machines; Tools of a similar kind in general; Accessories therefor
- B23B27/14—Cutting tools of which the bits or tips or cutting inserts are of special material
- B23B27/148—Composition of the cutting inserts
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C29/00—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides
- C22C29/005—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides comprising a particular metallic binder
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C29/00—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides
- C22C29/02—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides
- C22C29/06—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides based on carbides, but not containing other metal compounds
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F5/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product
- B22F2005/001—Cutting tools, earth boring or grinding tool other than table ware
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B2224/00—Materials of tools or workpieces composed of a compound including a metal
- B23B2224/32—Titanium carbide nitride (TiCN)
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B2228/00—Properties of materials of tools or workpieces, materials of tools or workpieces applied in a specific manner
- B23B2228/10—Coatings
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23C—MILLING
- B23C2228/00—Properties of materials of tools or workpieces, materials of tools or workpieces applied in a specific manner
- B23C2228/10—Coating
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/04—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
- C22C1/05—Mixtures of metal powder with non-metallic powder
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/06—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the coating material
- C23C14/0664—Carbonitrides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
- C23C16/22—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the deposition of inorganic material, other than metallic material
- C23C16/30—Deposition of compounds, mixtures or solid solutions, e.g. borides, carbides, nitrides
- C23C16/36—Carbonitrides
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a hard material and a cutting tool.
- This application claims priority based on Japanese Patent Application No. 2016-161987 filed on Aug. 22, 2016, and incorporates all the description content described in the above Japanese application.
- Patent Document 1 discloses titanium carbonitride powder as a raw material for cutting tools (hard materials).
- titanium carbonitride powder As a method for producing this titanium carbonitride powder, titanium hydride and carbon powder are used as raw materials, mixed and pulverized with a ball mill, heat-treated at a temperature of 1400 to 1700 ° C. in a nitrogen-containing atmosphere, and thereafter 3 ⁇ m or less. It is disclosed to grind to an average particle diameter of 1.5 ⁇ m or less in the test example.
- the hard material according to the present disclosure is: A hard material comprising a first hard phase mainly composed of titanium carbonitride and a binder phase mainly composed of an iron group element,
- the first hard phase is an arbitrary surface or cross section of the hard material,
- the cumulative 50% particle size D50 in the area-based particle size distribution is 1.0 ⁇ m or more,
- the average aspect ratio of the first hard phase having a particle size of D50 or more is 2.0 or less.
- the cutting tool according to the present disclosure uses the hard material according to the present disclosure as a base material.
- 1 shows sample No. 1 in Test Example 1.
- 1 is a field emission scanning electron micrograph of a 1-1 carbonitride carbonitride powder.
- 2 shows sample No. 1 in Test Example 1.
- 1 is a field emission scanning electron micrograph of 1-11 titanium carbonitride powder.
- 3 shows the sample No. 1 in Test Example 1.
- 1 is a field emission scanning electron micrograph of 1-12 titanium carbonitride powder.
- 4 shows sample No. 2 in Test Example 2.
- 2 is a field emission scanning electron micrograph of a section of a hard material 2-1.
- 5 shows sample No. 2 in Test Example 2. It is a field emission scanning electron micrograph of a cross section of 2-11 hard material.
- 6 shows sample No. 2 in Test Example 2. It is a field emission type scanning electron micrograph of a cross section of 2-12 hard material.
- the hard material produced using this powder as a raw material has a hard phase mainly composed of titanium carbonitride and has a hardness. While excellent, it tends to cause a decrease in fracture toughness.
- this titanium carbonitride powder is manufactured by pulverizing with mixing, the particle size of the powder is likely to vary. When the particle size of the powder varies, dissolution and re-precipitation are likely to occur during the manufacturing process of the hard material, and the growth of the surrounding structure in which titanium carbonitride and secondary additive carbides (for example, tungsten carbide, niobium carbide, etc.) are in solid solution with each other. Is promoted, and the thermal conductivity tends to decrease due to the enlargement of the surrounding tissue.
- titanium carbonitride and secondary additive carbides for example, tungsten carbide, niobium carbide, etc.
- the hard material and the cutting tool are excellent in fracture toughness and thermal conductivity.
- the hard material according to the embodiment of the present invention is A hard material comprising a first hard phase mainly composed of titanium carbonitride and a binder phase mainly composed of an iron group element,
- the first hard phase is an arbitrary surface or cross section of the hard material,
- the cumulative 50% particle size D50 in the area-based particle size distribution is 1.0 ⁇ m or more,
- the average aspect ratio of the first hard phase having a particle size of D50 or more is 2.0 or less.
- the first hard phase mainly composed of titanium carbonitride has a D50 of 1.0 ⁇ m or more, that is, is a coarse particle, so that the fracture toughness can be improved by the effect of suppressing crack propagation (crack bypass effect).
- the first hard phase mainly composed of titanium carbonitride has an average aspect ratio of the coarse first hard phase having a particle diameter of D50 or more being 2.0 or less, so that cracks that have progressed are present in the grains. Propagation can be suppressed.
- the coarse first hard phase having an average aspect ratio of 2.0 or less that is, the coarse first hard phase having a substantially circular cross section is obtained by, for example, using a titanium carbonitride powder having a uniform particle size distribution as a raw material. Used by not excessively crushing in the production process. When the particle size distribution is non-uniform like the titanium carbonitride powder disclosed in Patent Document 1, the sinterability is low, and excessive pulverization is necessary to improve the sinterability.
- Titanium carbonitride and secondary additive carbides for example, tungsten carbide and carbonized carbide) Niobium or the like
- This mutual solid solution tends to decrease the thermal conductivity due to phonon scattering.
- the average aspect ratio exceeds 2.0.
- the hard phase is easily formed. That is, since the average aspect ratio of the coarse first hard phase is 2.0 or less, the generation of fine powder and the formation of the mutual solid solution accompanying the fine powder in the production process can be suppressed.
- the thermal conductivity of can be improved.
- the first hard phase may have a cumulative 20% particle size D20 of 0.7 ⁇ m or more in an area-based particle size distribution on the arbitrary surface or cross section.
- the fracture toughness and thermal conductivity of the hard material can be further improved.
- the area ratio of the first hard phase on the arbitrary surface or cross section may be 30% or more.
- the thermal conductivity of the hard material can be further improved.
- the hard material one or more carbides, nitrides, carbonitrides, and their mutual solid solutions containing one or more metal elements selected from Group 4, 5, 6 elements of the periodic table ( However, a second hard phase comprising (except for titanium carbonitride) is included.
- the cutting tool according to the embodiment of the present invention uses the hard material described in any one of (1) to (4) as a base material.
- the cutting tool can realize processing corresponding to severer cutting conditions, long life, and the like.
- the cutting tool it may be provided with a hard film coated on at least a part of the surface of the substrate.
- the wear resistance of the cutting tool can be improved by providing a hard film on the surface of the base material. Therefore, the cutting tool can realize a response to more severe cutting conditions and a longer life.
- the hard material of the embodiment includes a hard phase, a binder phase that binds the hard phase, and inevitable impurities.
- the hard phase includes a first hard phase mainly composed of titanium carbonitride (TiCN) and, if necessary, a second hard phase different from the first hard phase.
- Inevitable impurities include oxygen and metal elements in the order of ppm (mass ratio) that are contained in the raw material or mixed in the manufacturing process.
- the hard material of the embodiment is characterized in that the first hard phase is coarse and has a circular cross section.
- each hard phase is determined by observing the surface or cross section of the hard material with an optical microscope, or analyzing the surface or cross section of the hard material with a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDS) (EDS surface analysis). ) Can be easily identified.
- SEM scanning electron microscope
- EDS energy dispersive X-ray
- the 1st hard phase has TiCN as a main component.
- the 1st hard phase which has TiCN as a main component says the aspect comprised only by TiCN substantially. Of course, it may contain inevitable impurities (for example, tungsten) of about several mass% (about 0.01 mass% or more and about 2.0 mass% or less) mixed in in the manufacturing process.
- the first hard phase may be present as a single precipitated particle in the hard material as the structure form, or constitutes a so-called cored structure in which the second hard phase described later is coated on at least a part of the periphery of the first hard phase. May exist. In any form, the TiCN portion is the first hard phase.
- the first hard phase has a cumulative 50% particle size D50 in the area-based particle size distribution satisfying 1.0 ⁇ m or more in any surface or cross section of the hard material. That is, the first hard phase is coarse. When the first hard phase is coarse, the fracture toughness of the hard material can be improved due to the crack growth suppression effect (crack bypass effect).
- the D50 of the first hard phase is preferably 1.2 ⁇ m or more, particularly 1.6 ⁇ m or more.
- the “particle diameter” is the maximum ferret diameter, and is obtained by mirror-finishing an arbitrary surface or cross section of the hard material, photographing the processed surface with a microscope, and analyzing the photographed image.
- the number of first hard phases to be measured is at least 100 or more, and more preferably 200 or more.
- the same hard material is subjected to the image analysis with a plurality of fields of view, and the average value is set as the particle diameter of the first hard phase.
- the number of fields is preferably 5 fields or more, and more preferably 7 fields or more.
- Examples of the mirror finishing method include a method of polishing with a diamond paste, a method using a cross section polisher device (CP device), and a method of combining them.
- Examples of the type of microscope include a scanning electron microscope (SEM), a field emission scanning electron micrograph (FE-SEM), and the like. Captured images taken with a microscope are loaded into a computer and analyzed using image analysis software (for example, “ImageJ”) to acquire various types of information such as particle size.
- image analysis software for example, “ImageJ”
- the first hard phase has a particle size of D50 or more, but the average aspect ratio satisfies 2.0 or less. That is, the coarse first hard phase has a cross-sectional shape close to a circle. The coarse first hard phase has a circular cross section, and as a result, the surrounding structure surrounding the first hard phase (mutual solid solution of titanium carbonitride and secondary added carbide (tungsten carbide, niobium carbide, etc.)). Growth is suppressed and thermal conductivity can be improved.
- the aspect ratio of the first hard phase is preferably 1.8 or less, particularly 1.7 or less.
- the “aspect ratio” is the ratio of the minor axis to the major axis (major axis / minor axis) when the shape of the first hard phase on an arbitrary surface or cross section of the hard material is approximated to an ellipse. Similar to the particle size, it is obtained by mirror-finishing an arbitrary surface or cross section of the hard material, photographing the processed surface with a microscope, and analyzing the photographed image with image analysis software.
- the first hard phase preferably has a cumulative 20% particle size D20 of 0.7 ⁇ m or more in an area-based particle size distribution on any surface or cross section of the hard material.
- D20 is 0.7 ⁇ m or more, that is, the particle diameter of the first hard phase having an area ratio of 80% or more is 0.7 ⁇ m or more, the fracture toughness and thermal conductivity of the hard material can be further improved.
- the D20 of the first hard phase is preferably 0.8 ⁇ m or more, particularly 1.0 ⁇ m or more.
- the first hard phase has an area ratio of 30% or more on an arbitrary surface or cross section of the hard material.
- the thermal conductivity of the hard material can be further improved.
- the area ratio of the first hard phase is preferably 35% or more, particularly 40% or more.
- the second hard phase is one or more of carbides, nitrides, carbonitrides, and their mutual solid solutions containing one or more metal elements selected from Group 4, 5, 6 elements of the periodic table (however, , Excluding titanium carbonitride).
- metal elements selected from Group 4, 5, 6 elements of the periodic table include titanium (Ti), tungsten (W), tantalum (Ta), niobium (Nb), vanadium (V), chromium (Cr), molybdenum ( Mo), zirconium (Zr) and the like.
- the second hard phase include, for example, binary composite carbonitride solid solutions containing Ti such as WC, TiWC, TiWCN, TiWN, TiZrCN, TiTaCN, TiNbCN, TiVCN, TiCrCN, TiMoCN, TiZrNbCN, etc.
- binary composite carbonitride solid solutions containing Ti such as WC, TiWC, TiWCN, TiWN, TiZrCN, TiTaCN, TiNbCN, TiVCN, TiCrCN, TiMoCN, TiZrNbCN, etc.
- Ternary composite carbonitride solid solution multi-component composite carbonitride solid solution such as TiZrWNbCN, TiZrWTaNbCN, NbWC not containing Ti, NbWCN, and the like.
- the particle size of the second hard phase is not particularly limited, but as an example, the 50% cumulative particle size D50 in the area-based particle size distribution is 0.5 ⁇ m or more and 3.0 ⁇ m or less.
- the second hard phase has an area ratio of 20% to 60% with respect to an arbitrary surface or cross section of the hard material.
- the second hard phase is contained in an area ratio of 20% or more, a hard material having excellent hardness can be obtained.
- the area ratio of the second hard phase is 60% or less, the first hard phase is relatively increased, so that a hard material having excellent fracture toughness and thermal conductivity can be obtained.
- the area ratio of the second hard phase is 25% to 55%, particularly 25% to 45%.
- the ratio of the hard phase in the hard material may be 80% by volume or more, and further 85% by volume or more of the entire hard material. On the other hand, the ratio of the hard phase in the hard material may be 96% by volume or less, further 90% by volume or less of the entire hard material.
- the binder phase contains an iron group element as a main component and bonds the hard phase.
- a main component means containing an iron group element in the ratio of 50 mass% or more of the whole binder phase.
- Typical examples of the iron group element constituting the binder phase include nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co), iron (Fe), and the like. These may be used alone or in combination.
- the binder phase may contain tungsten, carbon, and other inevitable components that are components of the hard phase.
- the binder phase may contain at least one of chromium (Cr) and vanadium (V). These elements may be derived from a grain growth inhibitor used in the production process of the hard material, if necessary. When these elements are present in the binder phase, it is considered that at least a part thereof is present in a solid solution state in the binder phase.
- the content of the soot binder phase is preferably 4% by volume or more and 20% by volume or less with respect to the entire hard material. Since the content of the binder phase in the hard material is 4% by volume or more, the deterioration of the sinterability at the time of manufacture is prevented, and the hard phase is firmly bonded by the binder phase, so the strength is high and the defect is not generated. Not likely to occur. Moreover, the toughness of a hard material improves because content of the binder phase in a hard material is 4 volume% or more.
- the content of the binder phase in the hard material is 20% by volume or less, it is possible to suppress a decrease in the hardness of the hard material due to a relative decrease in the hard phase, and to improve wear resistance and plastic deformation resistance. Reduction can be suppressed.
- the content of the binder phase in the hard material is further preferably 10% by volume or more and 20% by volume or less, and particularly preferably 10% by volume or more and 15% by volume or less.
- the above-mentioned hard material can be typically manufactured through the steps of preparation of raw material powder ⁇ mixing ⁇ molding ⁇ sintering. Hereinafter, each step will be described in detail.
- the preparation step is a step of preparing a hard phase powder and a binder phase powder.
- a titanium carbonitride (TiCN) powder (first hard phase powder) to be the first hard phase is prepared.
- the hard phase powder one or more of carbides, nitrides, carbonitrides, and their mutual solid solutions containing one or more metal elements selected from Group 4, 5, 6 elements of the periodic table ( However, a powder (second hard phase powder) made of (except for titanium carbonitride) is prepared.
- As the binder phase powder an iron group metal powder to be a binder phase is prepared.
- One of the conditions for forming the first hard phase having a coarse grain and a circular cross section in the hard material is to use a coarse and uniform TiCN powder.
- the shape of each particle uses TiCN powder close to a spherical shape.
- the TiCN powder has a 50% cumulative particle size distribution of D50, a 10% cumulative particle size of D10, and a 90% cumulative particle size of D90, and D50 of 2.0 ⁇ m or more and 6.0 ⁇ m or less. It is preferable that D10 / D90 satisfies 0.20 or more and 0.50 or less (uniform grain).
- Such coarse and uniform TiCN powder is obtained, for example, as follows.
- the TiCN powder can be typically manufactured through steps of preparation of raw material powder, mixing, granulation, heat treatment, and crushing.
- the titanium oxide powder may be either an anatase type or a rutile type crystal structure, and a commercially available product can be used.
- the average particle diameter of the titanium oxide powder is 0.1 ⁇ m or more and 1 ⁇ m or less.
- the average particle diameter of raw material powder is an average particle diameter (FSSS diameter) by a Fisher sub-sieve sizer (FSSS) method.
- FSSS diameter average particle diameter
- the contact area between the titanium oxide powder and the carbon powder can be increased, and a reduction / nitridation reaction can be rapidly performed in the heat treatment step described later.
- the average particle diameter of the titanium oxide powder is 0.1 ⁇ m or more, it is easy to handle the raw material powder.
- the average particle diameter of the titanium oxide powder may be 0.3 ⁇ m or more and 0.7 ⁇ m or less, particularly 0.45 ⁇ m or more and 0.6 ⁇ m or less.
- soot carbon powder amorphous carbon (charcoal, soot, coke, etc.) can be used as the soot carbon powder.
- the average particle size of the carbon powder is 1 ⁇ m or less.
- the contact area between the titanium oxide powder and the carbon powder can be increased, and a reduction / nitridation reaction can be rapidly performed in the heat treatment step described later.
- the blending ratio of the titanium oxide powder and the carbon powder can be appropriately selected according to the ratio of carbon and nitrogen in the TiCN powder obtained by the heat treatment step described later.
- the compounding ratio of the titanium oxide powder and the carbon powder is, for example, 74.3: 25.7 to 71.1: 28.9. Further, 73.5: 26.5 to 71.9: 28.1, particularly 73.1: 26.9 to 72.3: 27.7 can be mentioned.
- the raw material powder prepared in the preparation step is mixed without being substantially pulverized to obtain a mixed powder.
- One of the conditions for making the TiCN powder coarse and uniform and having a nearly spherical shape is that the raw material powder is mixed under a mixing condition in which it is not pulverized.
- a dry airflow mixer using a rotary blade an ultrasonic wet mixer, a vortex wet mixer, or the like can be used.
- a Henschel mixer or an attritor can be used.
- the mixing conditions when a Henschel mixer is used, the rotation speed is 1200 rpm to 1800 rpm, and the mixing time is 30 minutes to 90 minutes.
- the mixed powder obtained in the mixing step is granulated and sized to obtain a granulated powder.
- a known granulation method using a tableting machine or an extrusion granulator can be applied.
- the granulating binder is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include dextrin.
- the shape of the granulated powder is not particularly limited, and for example, a spherical shape of about ⁇ 3 mm to 5 mm, a cylindrical shape of ⁇ 1 mm to 2 mm ⁇ length of about 2 mm to 5 mm, or a tablet shape of ⁇ 1 mm to 5 mm ⁇ height of about 1 mm to 2 mm. Can be mentioned. If the granulated powder is too large, an unreacted portion may be generated in the central portion of the granulated powder in the heat treatment step described later. Therefore, the granulated powder has a size that allows nitriding to the central portion of the granulated powder. After granulation and sizing, it is dried (about 150 ° C.).
- the heat treatment step during powder production the granulated powder obtained in the granulation step is heated in a nitrogen-containing atmosphere to obtain a titanium carbonitride powder (granulated product).
- the heat treatment temperature is more than 2000 ° C. and 2500 ° C. or less.
- the heat treatment temperature is preferably 2050 ° C. or higher and 2400 ° C. or lower, particularly 2150 ° C. or higher and 2300 ° C. or lower.
- the rate of temperature increase from room temperature to the above heat treatment temperature is 5 ° C / min or more.
- the rate of temperature rise to the heat treatment temperature is preferably 10 ° C./min or more, particularly preferably 15 ° C./min or more.
- the atmosphere of the heat treatment is an atmosphere containing nitrogen, a single atmosphere containing only nitrogen (N 2 ), an ammonia (NH 3 ) atmosphere, a gas containing nitrogen element such as nitrogen (N 2 ) or ammonia, and a non-air such as Ar.
- Examples include a mixed gas atmosphere with an active gas.
- Examples of the heat treatment furnace used for the heat treatment include a batch type vacuum atmosphere furnace and a continuous type rotary kiln furnace.
- the TiCN powder obtained by the heat treatment step is a granulated product.
- Granular TiCN powder can be obtained by manually crushing this granulated product with a mortar, for example.
- a granulation process and a crushing process can be skipped.
- the mixed powder obtained in the mixing step may be heated.
- the TiCN powder obtained after the heat treatment step is granular, it is not necessary to perform the crushing step.
- TiCN powder obtained by the TiCN powder manufacturing method described above satisfies D50 of 2.0 ⁇ m or more and 6.0 ⁇ m or less (coarse particles), and D10 / D90 satisfies 0.20 or more and 0.50 or less ( It is uniform). D50, D10, and D90 can be measured with a commercially available particle size distribution measuring device (laser diffraction / scattering particle size distribution measuring device). Moreover, the TiCN powder obtained by the manufacturing method of the TiCN powder mentioned above has the shape where each particle
- the TiCN powder Since the TiCN powder has a D50 of 2.0 ⁇ m or more, the hard material produced using this powder as a raw material has a coarse first grain, and has a fracture toughness due to crack growth suppression effect (crack bypass effect). It can be improved. As the TiCN powder has a larger D50, the resulting first hard phase of the hard material is coarser, but the sinterability in the manufacturing process of the hard material is adversely affected. Therefore, the TiCN powder can ensure the sinterability at the time of manufacturing a hard material because D50 is 6.0 micrometers or less.
- the TiCN powder preferably has a D50 of 2.1 ⁇ m or more and 4.0 ⁇ m or less, particularly 2.5 ⁇ m or more and 3.5 ⁇ m or less.
- TiCN powder has a D10 / D90 of 0.20 or more, so that the particle size distribution is narrow and sharp, and dissolution and reprecipitation can be suppressed during sintering in the manufacturing process of a hard material using this powder as a raw material. Therefore, the hard material manufactured using this powder as a raw material has a first hard phase that is uniform, and the growth of the surrounding structure surrounding the first hard phase is suppressed, so that the thermal conductivity can be improved.
- TiCN powder can ensure the sinterability at the time of manufacturing a hard material because D10 / D90 is 0.50 or less.
- the TiCN powder preferably has a D10 / D90 of 0.22 or more and 0.45 or less, particularly 0.24 or more and 0.40 or less.
- the TiCN powder preferably has a small peak half-value width by X-ray diffraction using CuK ⁇ X-rays.
- the crystallinity of TiCN can be specified by the half width, for example. The higher the crystallinity of TiCN, that is, the fewer defects in the crystal structure of TiCN, the smaller the half-value width tends to be sharper. The higher the crystallinity of TiCN, the higher the mechanical strength of the hard material produced using this powder as a raw material.
- the full width at half maximum of each peak on the (2, 0, 0) plane, (2, 2, 0) plane, (2, 2, 2) plane is 0.03 ° or more and 0.20 ° or less. Preferably there is.
- the full width at half maximum of the (2, 0, 0) plane is preferably 0.06 ° to 0.16 °, more preferably 0.09 ° to 0.12 °.
- the full width at half maximum of the (2,2,0) plane peak is preferably 0.06 ° to 0.16 °, more preferably 0.09 ° to 0.12 °.
- the full width at half maximum of the (2,2,2) plane is preferably 0.05 ° or more and 0.13 ° or less, more preferably 0.07 ° or more and 0.11 ° or less.
- the second hard phase powder examples include tungsten carbide (WC) powder, tantalum carbide (TaC) powder, niobium carbide (NbC) powder, vanadium carbide (VC) powder, trichromium dicarbide (Cr 3 C 2 ) powder, carbonization. Examples thereof include dimolybdenum (Mo 2 C) powder and zirconium carbonitride (ZrCN) powder.
- the second hard phase powder may have an average particle size of 0.2 ⁇ m or more and 5.0 ⁇ m or less, and further 0.5 ⁇ m or more and 2.0 ⁇ m or less, but is not particularly limited, and lowers the sinterability of the hard material.
- the second hard phase powder used here may change into a mutual solid solution by a dissolution reprecipitation reaction in the sintering process of the hard material, and the second hard phase in the hard material and the second hard phase as a raw material. It is not necessarily the same as the phase powder.
- binder phase powder examples include cobalt (Co) powder and nickel (Ni) powder.
- the binder phase powder may have an average particle size of 0.5 ⁇ m or more and 2.0 ⁇ m or less, and further 0.8 ⁇ m or more and 1.0 ⁇ m or less, but is not particularly limited and does not deteriorate the sinterability of the hard material. It can select suitably in the range.
- the mixing step is a step of mixing the raw material powders prepared in the preparation step.
- One of the conditions for constituting the first hard phase having a coarse grain and a circular cross section in the hard material is that the prepared raw material powder, particularly TiCN powder, is mixed under mixing conditions that are not substantially pulverized.
- a sintering process can be performed.
- a well-known apparatus can be used for the apparatus used for a mixing process.
- an attritor, a rolling ball mill, and a bead mill can be used.
- the mixing conditions may be wet mixing or dry mixing.
- the mixing may be performed in a solvent such as water, ethanol, acetone, isopropyl alcohol.
- the forming step is a step for obtaining a formed body by forming the mixed powder obtained in the mixing step into a predetermined shape.
- the molding method and molding conditions in the molding process may be any general methods and conditions, and are not particularly limited.
- An example of the predetermined shape is a cutting tool shape.
- a sintering process is a process of sintering the molded object obtained at the formation process, and obtaining a sintered compact.
- Sintering may include a temperature of 1400 ° C. to 1600 ° C. and a time of 0.25 hours to 1.5 hours.
- the atmosphere during sintering is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include an N 2 gas atmosphere, an inert gas atmosphere such as Ar, and a vacuum atmosphere.
- the cutting tool according to the embodiment is a cutting tool using a hard material as a base material.
- the cutting tool of this embodiment is characterized by using the hard material described above as a base material. Thereby, the cutting tool which is excellent in fatigue toughness and thermal shock resistance can be obtained.
- the shape of the cutting tool is not particularly limited.
- the cutting tool include a cutting tool, a ball mill, an end mill, a drill, and a reamer.
- a cutting edge-exchangeable cutting tip can be cited.
- the cutting tool may include a hard film on the substrate.
- the composition of the hard film is a carbide, nitride, oxide, boride of one or more elements selected from Group 4, 5, 6 metal elements, aluminum (Al), and silicon (Si), and these Solid solution.
- Ti (C, N), Al 2 O 3 , (Ti, Al) N, TiN, TiC, (Al, Cr) N, and the like can be given.
- cubic boron nitride (cBN), diamond-like carbon, and the like are also suitable as the composition of the hard film.
- Such a hard film can be formed by a vapor phase method such as a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method or a physical vapor deposition (PVD) method.
- CVD chemical vapor deposition
- PVD physical vapor deposition
- the CVD method it is easy to obtain a hard film having excellent adhesion to the base material.
- the CVD method include a thermal CVD method.
- the hard film is formed by the PVD method, compressive residual stress is applied and the toughness is easily increased.
- the hard film is coated on the portion of the base material which is the cutting edge and its vicinity, and may be coated on the entire surface of the base material.
- the hard film may be a single layer or a multilayer.
- the thickness of the hard film may be 1 ⁇ m or more and 20 ⁇ m or less, and further 1.5 ⁇ m or more and 15 ⁇ m or less.
- Test Example 1 titanium carbonitride powder, which is a raw material powder of a hard material, was prepared (Sample Nos. 1-1 to 1-5, 1-11, 1-12) and evaluated.
- Titanium oxide powder (average particle size: 0.18 ⁇ m, purity: more than 98%) and amorphous carbon powder (average particle size: 0.18 ⁇ m, purity: more than 98%) were prepared as raw material powders (preparation step) ).
- the average particle diameter of the raw material powder is an average particle diameter obtained by the FSSS method. Titanium oxide powder and carbon powder were blended at a mass ratio of 4: 1 and mixed without being pulverized using a Henschel mixer to obtain a mixed powder (mixing step).
- the mixing conditions were a rotational speed of 1500 rpm, a mixing time of 1 hour, and dry airflow mixing.
- the obtained mixed powder is mixed with dextrin as a binder, granulated into pellets having a diameter of about 2 mm ⁇ length: 2 to 5 mm, and then dried at a temperature of 150 ° C. to obtain a granulated powder. Obtained (granulation step).
- the obtained granulated powder was heated in a nitrogen stream (1 atm) to heat treatment temperature: 2200 ° C. ⁇ heat treatment time: 1 hour to obtain a pellet-like titanium carbonitride powder (heat treatment step).
- the rate of temperature increase from room temperature to 2200 ° C. was 20 ° C./min, and the rate of cooling from 2200 ° C. to room temperature was 20 ° C./min.
- the pellet-like titanium carbonitride powder was pulverized manually with a mortar to obtain granular titanium carbonitride powder (pulverization step).
- Sample No. 1-2, Sample No. 1-3, Sample No. 1-11 Each titanium carbonitride powder was produced by changing the heat treatment temperature in the heat treatment step.
- the heat treatment temperature is the same as Sample No. 1-2: 2000 ° C., sample no. 1-3: 2300 ° C., sample no. 1-11: 1700 ° C.
- the conditions other than the heat treatment temperature are as follows. Same as 1.
- Titanium carbonitride powder was produced by setting the heat treatment time in the heat treatment step to 0 hour. That is, sample no. In No. 4, in the heat treatment step, the temperature was increased from room temperature to 2200 ° C. at a rate of temperature increase of 20 ° C./min, and immediately cooled to room temperature at a cooling rate of 20 ° C./min. Conditions other than the heat treatment time are as follows. Same as 1.
- titanium carbide powder and carbon powder were further mixed with 0.5% by mass of tungsten powder and cobalt powder, respectively, in terms of titanium carbonitride as impurities, to produce titanium carbonitride powder.
- Other conditions are as follows: Same as 1.
- titanium carbonitride powder was produced by the production method described in Patent Document 1. Specifically, titanium hydride (average particle size: 0.18 ⁇ m, purity: 98%) and carbon powder (average particle size: 0.18 ⁇ m, purity: 98%) are prepared as raw material powders. The pure tungsten content and cobalt component in the TiC 0.5 N 0.5 powder after the heat treatment step are 0.8% by mass and 0.3% by mass with respect to the TiC 0.5 N 0.5 base, respectively. Thus, tungsten carbide powder and cobalt powder were prepared. The mixed powder obtained by mixing and pulverizing each of these powders with a ball mill was heat-treated at 1600 ° C. for 1.0 hour in a nitrogen-containing atmosphere, and then pulverized to 1.2 ⁇ m.
- Table 1 shows that sample No. 1 was heat-treated at a temperature of 2000 ° C. or higher and 2500 ° C. or lower in a nitrogen-containing atmosphere after mixing titanium oxide powder and carbon powder without crushing.
- 1-1-No. 1-5 indicates that (A) D50 satisfies 2.0 ⁇ m or more and 6.0 ⁇ m or less, and (B) D10 / D90 satisfies 0.20 or more and 0.50 or less. That is, sample no. 1-1-No. It can be seen that 1-5 is (A) coarse grains and (B) uniform grains (see also FIG. 1). On the other hand, Sample No.
- sample No. 1-11 was mixed without being pulverized in the mixing step, and since the heat treatment step could be performed while maintaining the particle size in the raw material powder, (B) uniform particle size, but the temperature was low in the heat treatment step, Since the grain growth could not be promoted, (A) fine particles were formed (see also FIG. 2).
- it was heat-treated at a temperature of 1600 ° C. and further subjected to pulverization. In No.
- Sample No. No. 1-12 was pulverized in the mixing step and pulverized after the heat treatment, so that the particle size in the raw material powder could not be maintained and became fine particles, and (B) the particle size became non-uniform (FIG. 3). See also).
- Test Example 2 In Test Example 2, a hard material was prepared using the titanium carbonitride powder of each sample obtained in Test Example 1 (Sample Nos. 2-1 to 2-5, 2-11, and 12-12), and the evaluation was made. Went.
- Example preparation As the raw material powder, the titanium carbonitride powder of each sample obtained in Test Example 1 is prepared (Sample Nos. 2-1 to 2-5, 2-11, and 2-12 are sample Nos. 1-1 to 1, respectively) 1-5, 1-11, and 1-12), commercially available WC powder (average particle size: 1.0 ⁇ m), TaC powder (average particle size: 0.7 ⁇ m), Co powder (average particle size: 1.0 ⁇ m) and Ni powder (average particle size: 1.5 ⁇ m) were prepared (preparation step).
- the average particle diameter of the raw material powder is an average particle diameter obtained by the FSSS method.
- sample no. 2-1 Sample No. 2-11, sample no. Photographs of each hard material of 2-12 are shown in FIGS. 4 to 6, black is a first hard phase made of titanium carbonitride, gray is a second hard phase containing W or Ta, and a white region between them is a binder phase mainly composed of Co or Ni. Indicates.
- FIG. 4 it can be seen that the first hard phase is coarse and uniform.
- the first hard phase is a fine particle
- the first hard phase is a fine particle, and in FIG. 6, the first hard phase is a fine particle, and the particle size varies.
- first hard phase particles per field of view were analyzed using the image analysis software “ImageJ” according to the following procedure.
- a portion that was originally a single hard phase but was unintentionally divided was corrected to be a single first hard phase with reference to the original image.
- D50 and D20 maximum ferret diameter
- aspect ratio major axis / minor axis when elliptically approximated
- area area
- 1st hard phase concerning an image edge part was excluded from the analysis object of a particle size (D50 and D20) and an aspect ratio, and was included in the analysis object of an area ratio.
- Table 2 shows the results of the particle size (D20 and D50), aspect ratio, and area ratio of the first hard phase.
- thermal diffusivity, specific heat, and specific gravity of each hard material at room temperature (20-22 ° C.) are measured by a thermal diffusivity measuring device (LFA457 manufactured by NETZSCH), a specific heat measuring device (STA449 manufactured by NETZSCH), and Archimedes method. Measurement and multiplication were performed to calculate thermal conductivity (W / mK). The specific heat measurement by STA449 was calculated using sapphire as a reference sample. The results are also shown in Table 2.
- No. 2-5 was a coarse grain having a D50 of 1.0 ⁇ m or more and a D20 of 0.7 ⁇ m or more, and an aspect ratio of 2.0 or less and a circular cross section.
- Sample No. 2-5 which has a fracture toughness of 6.8 MPa ⁇ m 0.5 or more and a thermal conductivity of 18 W / m or more, was obtained using a fine TiCN powder. 2-11, no. It was found that both fracture toughness and thermal conductivity were improved compared to 2-12.
- Sample No. No. 2-12 was obtained by mixing the TiCN powder used with pulverization, and each particle of the TiCN powder had an irregular shape. Therefore, the irregular shape was reflected in the obtained hard material, and the aspect ratio was It is considered that the fracture toughness and the thermal conductivity were lowered due to exceeding 2.0.
- Regarding hardness it decreases as the titanium carbonitride powder becomes coarse. This is a physical property that conflicts with fracture toughness, while it can be made into a coarse hard phase by using coarse titanium carbonitride powder and can improve fracture toughness by suppressing crack propagation (crack bypass effect). This is thought to be due to the decrease in hardness.
- Test Example 3 In Test Example 3, hard materials were prepared using various TiCN powders similar to the TiCN powder prepared in Test Example 1 (Sample Nos. 3-1 to 3-8, 3-11 to 3-14). The cutting performance of the material was investigated.
- Example preparation The powder shown in Table 3 was prepared as a raw material powder (preparation process).
- TiCN powder is sample No. 3-1 to 3-8: Sample No. 1-1, sample no. 3-11, no. 3-12: Sample No. 1-11, Sample No. 3-13, no. 3-14: Sample No. 1-12 was used.
- the average particle size of each of the other powders WC powder: 1.0 .mu.m, TaC powder: 0.7 [mu] m, NbC powder: 1.1 ⁇ m, Mo 2 C powder: 2.0 .mu.m, ZrCN powder: 2.5 ⁇ m, VC: 0 0.5 ⁇ m, Cr 3 C 2 powder: 1.6 ⁇ m, Co powder: 1.0 ⁇ m, Ni powder: 1.5 ⁇ m.
- ⁇ Cutting test ⁇ A base material having the shape of CNMA120404 was produced by subjecting the hard material of each sample to blade edge processing such as honing treatment as appropriate. And the hard film which consists of TiAlN was coat
- sample Nos. Prepared using coarse and uniform TiCN powder as raw material powder.
- No. 3-8 is a coarse grain with a D50 of the first hard phase of 1.0 ⁇ m or more and D20 of 0.7 ⁇ m or more, and an aspect ratio of 2.0 or less, and has a circular cross section, fracture toughness and thermal shock resistance It was found that both were very good.
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Abstract
Description
本出願は、2016年8月22日出願の日本出願第2016-161987号に基づく優先権を主張し、前記日本出願に記載された全ての記載内容を援用するものである。
炭窒化チタンを主成分とする第一硬質相と、鉄族元素を主成分とする結合相とを備える硬質材料であって、
前記第一硬質相は、当該硬質材料の任意の表面又は断面において、
面積基準の粒度分布における累積50%の粒径D50が1.0μm以上であり、
D50以上の粒径を有する第一硬質相の平均アスペクト比が2.0以下である。
また、破壊靭性及び熱伝導率に優れる切削工具を提供することを別の目的の一つとする。
[本開示の効果]
最初に本発明の実施形態の内容を列記して説明する。
炭窒化チタンを主成分とする第一硬質相と、鉄族元素を主成分とする結合相とを備える硬質材料であって、
前記第一硬質相は、当該硬質材料の任意の表面又は断面において、
面積基準の粒度分布における累積50%の粒径D50が1.0μm以上であり、
D50以上の粒径を有する第一硬質相の平均アスペクト比が2.0以下である。
本発明の実施形態の詳細を、以下に説明する。なお、本発明はこれらの例示に限定されるものではなく、請求の範囲によって示され、請求の範囲と均等の意味及び範囲内でのすべての変更が含まれることが意図される。
実施形態の硬質材料は、硬質相と、硬質相を結合する結合相と、不可避不純物とにより構成される。硬質相は、炭窒化チタン(TiCN)を主成分とする第一硬質相と、必要に応じて第一硬質相とは異なる第二硬質相とを備える。不可避不純物は、原料に含有したり、製造工程で混入したりする、酸素やppmオーダー(質量割合)の金属元素が挙げられる。実施形態の硬質材料は、第一硬質相が、粗粒かつ断面円形状であることを特徴の一つとする。
・第一硬質相
第一硬質相は、TiCNを主成分とする。ここで、TiCNを主成分とする第一硬質相とは、実質的にTiCNのみで構成される態様を言う。勿論、製造工程で混入したりする数質量%程度(0.01質量%以上2.0質量%以下程度)の不可避不純物(例えば、タングステン)を含有していてもよい。第一硬質相は、その組織形態として、硬質材料中に単独析出粒子として存在してもよいし、その周囲の少なくとも一部に後述する第二硬質相が被覆された所謂有芯構造を構成することで存在してもよい。いずれの形態であっても、TiCNの部分を第一硬質相とする。
第二硬質相は、周期表4,5,6族元素から選択される一種以上の金属元素を含む炭化物、窒化物、炭窒化物、及びそれらの相互固溶体の一種以上(但し、炭窒化チタンを除く)からなる。周期表4,5,6族元素から選択される金属元素としては、チタン(Ti)、タングステン(W)、タンタル(Ta)、ニオブ(Nb)、バナジウム(V)、クロム(Cr)、モリブデン(Mo)、ジルコニウム(Zr)等が挙げられる。
結合相は、鉄族元素を主成分とし、上記硬質相を結合させる。主成分とは、結合相全体の50質量%以上の割合で鉄族元素を含むことを言う。結合相を構成する鉄族元素としては、代表的には、ニッケル(Ni)、コバルト(Co)、鉄(Fe)等が挙げられる。これらは単独で用いてもよいし、複数を組み合わせて用いてもよい。また、結合相は、硬質相の成分であるタングステンや炭素、その他の不可避的な成分を含んでいてもよい。
上述した硬質材料は、代表的には、原料粉末の準備⇒混合⇒成形⇒焼結という工程を経て製造することができる。以下、各工程について詳しく説明する。
準備工程は、硬質相粉末と結合相粉末とを準備する工程である。硬質相粉末として、第一硬質相となる炭窒化チタン(TiCN)粉末(第一硬質相粉末)を準備する。また、必要に応じて、硬質相粉末として、周期表4,5,6族元素から選択される一種以上の金属元素を含む炭化物、窒化物、炭窒化物、及びそれらの相互固溶体の一種以上(但し、炭窒化チタンを除く)からなる粉末(第二硬質相粉末)を準備する。結合相粉末としては、結合相となる鉄族金属粉末を準備する。
TiCN粉末は、代表的には、原料粉末の準備⇒混合⇒造粒⇒熱処理⇒解砕という工程を経て製造することができる。
粉末製造時における準備工程では、酸化チタン粉末と炭素粉末とを含む原料粉末を準備する。原料粉末は、粒度が均質なものを用いることで、後述する熱処理工程後の粉末を均粒化し易い。
粉末製造時における混合工程では、上記準備工程で準備した原料粉末を実質的に粉砕することなく混合して混合粉末を得る。粗粒・均粒で、かつ各粒子の形状が球形状に近いTiCN粉末とする条件の一つとして、原料粉末が粉砕されない混合条件で混合することが挙げられる。原料粉末を粉砕することなく混合することで、混合前の原料粉末と混合後の混合粉末とで実質的に粒度及び形状に変化がなく、原料粉末における均質な粒度及び球形状を維持したまま後述する熱処理工程を行うことができる。粉末製造時における混合工程に用いる装置としては、例えば、回転翼による乾式気流混合機や、超音波湿式混合機、渦流式湿式混合機等を用いることができる。例えば、ヘンシェルミキサーやアトライター等を用いることができる。混合条件の一例としては、ヘンシェルミキサーを用いた場合、回転数:1200rpm以上1800rpm以下、混合時間:30分以上90分以下とすることが挙げられる。
粉末製造時における造粒工程では、上記混合工程で得た混合粉末を造粒及び整粒して造粒粉末を得る。造粒には、打錠機や押出造粒機等を用いた公知の造粒方法が適用できる。
造粒することで、粉末の操作性を向上できると共に、後述する熱処理工程後の粉末の品質ばらつきを低減できる。造粒バインダーとしては、特に限定されず、例えばデキストリン等が挙げられる。造粒粉末の形状も特に限定されず、例えば、φ3mm~5mm程度の球形や、φ1mm~2mm×長さ2mm~5mm程度の円柱状、φ1mm~5mm×高さ1mm~2mm程度のタブレット状とすることが挙げられる。造粒粉末が大き過ぎると、後述する熱処理工程において、造粒粉末の中心部に未反応部分が発生する虞があるため、造粒粉末の中心部まで窒化可能な程度の大きさとする。造粒及び整粒した後は、乾燥(150℃程度)させる。
粉末製造時における熱処理工程では、上記造粒工程で得た造粒粉末を窒素含有雰囲気中で加熱して炭窒化チタン粉末(造粒物)を得る工程である。粗粒のTiCN粉末とする条件の一つとして、熱処理温度を2000℃超2500℃以下とすることが挙げられる。熱処理温度を2000℃超とすることで、粉末の粒成長を促進することができ、粗粒のTiCN粉末を得ることができる。一方、熱処理温度を2500℃以下とすることで、過度の粒成長を抑制し、硬質材料を製造する際の焼結性を確保できる。熱処理温度は、更に2050℃以上2400℃以下、特に2150℃以上2300℃以下とすることが好ましい。
上記熱処理工程によって得られるTiCN粉末は、造粒物である。この造粒物を、例えば乳鉢により手解砕することで、粒状のTiCN粉末を得ることができる。
上述したTiCN粉末の製造方法によって得られたTiCN粉末は、D50が2.0μm以上6.0μm以下を満たし(粗粒である)、かつD10/D90が0.20以上0.50以下を満たす(均粒である)。D50,D10,D90は、市販の粒度分布測定装置(レーザー回析・散乱式粒子径分布測定装置)で測定できる。また、上述したTiCN粉末の製造方法によって得られたTiCN粉末は、構成する各粒子が球形状に近い形状を有する。
第二硬質相粉末は、例えば、炭化タングステン(WC)粉末、炭化タンタル(TaC)粉末、炭化ニオブ(NbC)粉末、炭化バナジウム(VC)粉末、二炭化三クロム(Cr3C2)粉末、炭化二モリブデン(Mo2C)粉末、炭窒化ジルコニウム(ZrCN)粉末等が挙げられる。第二硬質相粉末は、平均粒径が0.2μm以上5.0μm以下、更に0.5μm以上2.0μm以下とすることが挙げられるが、特に限定されず、硬質材料の焼結性を低下させない程度の範囲で適宜選択できる。なお、ここで使用する第二硬質相粉末は、硬質材料の焼結過程において溶解再析出反応により相互固溶体に変化する場合があり、硬質材料中の第二硬質相と、原料としての第二硬質相粉末とは必ずしも同一ではない。
結合相粉末は、コバルト(Co)粉末やニッケル(Ni)粉末等が挙げられる。結合相粉末は、平均粒径が0.5μm以上2.0μm以下、更に0.8μm以上1.0μm以下とすることが挙げられるが、特に限定されず、硬質材料の焼結性を低下させない程度の範囲で適宜選択できる。
混合工程は、準備工程で準備した各原料粉末を混合する工程である。硬質材料中に粗粒かつ断面円形状の第一硬質相を構成する条件の一つとして、準備した原料粉末、特にTiCN粉末が実質的に粉砕されない混合条件で混合することが挙げられる。原料粉末を粉砕することなく混合することで、混合前の原料粉末と混合後の原料粉末とで実質的に粒度及び形状に変化がなく、原料粉末における均質な粒度及び球形状を維持したまま後述する焼結工程を行うことができる。混合工程に用いる装置には公知の装置を用いることができる。例えば、アトライター、転動ボールミル、及びビーズミル等を用いることができる。混合条件は、湿式混合であっても乾式混合であってもよい。また、混合は、水、エタノール、アセトン、イソプロピルアルコール等の溶媒中で行ってもよい。
成形工程は、混合工程で得られた混合粉末を所定の形状に成形して、成形体を得る工程である。成形工程における成形方法や成形条件は、一般的な方法や条件を採用すればよく、特に問わない。所定の形状としては、例えば、切削工具形状とすることが挙げられる。
焼結工程は、成形工程で得られた成形体を焼結して、焼結体を得る工程である。焼結は、温度:1400℃以上1600℃以下、時間:0.25時間以上1.5時間以下とすることが挙げられる。焼結時の雰囲気は、特に限定されず、N2ガス雰囲気、Ar等の不活性ガス雰囲気、真空雰囲気とすることが挙げられる。
≪基材≫
実施形態に係る切削工具は、硬質材料を基材として用いた切削工具である。本実施形態の切削工具は、上述した硬質材料を基材として用いたことを特徴の一つとする。これにより、疲労靱性及び耐熱衝撃性に優れる切削工具を得ることができる。
切削工具は、上記基材上に硬質膜を備えてもよい。硬質膜の組成は、周期表4,5,6族の金属元素、アルミニウム(Al)、及びシリコン(Si)から選択される一種以上の元素の炭化物、窒化物、酸化物、硼化物、及びこれらの固溶体が挙げられる。例えば、Ti(C,N)、Al2O3、(Ti,Al)N、TiN、TiC、(Al,Cr)N等が挙げられる。その他、立方晶窒化硼素(cBN)やダイヤモンドライクカーボン等も、硬質膜の組成として好適である。このような硬質膜は、化学的蒸着(CVD)法や物理的蒸着(PVD)法等の気相法により形成することができる。硬質膜がCVD法により形成されていると、基材との密着性に優れる硬質膜が得られ易い。CVD法としては、例えば、熱CVD法等が挙げられる。硬質膜がPVD法により形成されていると、圧縮残留応力が付与され、その靱性を高め易い。
〔試験例1〕
試験例1では、硬質材料の原料粉末である炭窒化チタン粉末を作製し(試料No.1-1~1-5,1-11,1-12)、その評価を行った。
・試料No.1-1
原料粉末として、酸化チタン粉末(平均粒径:0.18μm、純度:98%超)と、無定形炭素粉末(平均粒径:0.18μm、純度:98%超)とを準備した(準備工程)。
原料粉末の平均粒径は、FSSS法により求めた平均粒径である。酸化チタン粉末と炭素粉末とを質量比4:1で配合し、ヘンシェルミキサーを用いて粉砕せずに混合し、混合粉末を得た(混合工程)。混合条件は、回転数:1500rpm、混合時間:1時間、乾式気流混合とした。得られた混合粉末を、バインダーとしてデキストリンを混ぜ込み、直径:約2mm×長さ:2~5mmのペレット状に造粒して整粒し、その後150℃の温度で乾燥して造粒粉末を得た(造粒工程)。得られた造粒粉末を、窒素気流中(1atm)で、熱処理温度:2200℃×熱処理時間:1時間加熱してペレット状の炭窒化チタン粉末を得た(熱処理工程)。室温から2200℃までの昇温速度は、20℃/minとし、2200℃から室温までの冷却速度は、20℃/minとした。その後、ペレット状の炭窒化チタン粉末を、乳鉢により手解砕し、粒状の炭窒化チタン粉末を得た(解砕工程)。
熱処理工程における熱処理温度を変更して、各炭窒化チタン粉末を作製した。熱処理温度は、試料No.1-2:2000℃、試料No.1-3:2300℃、試料No.1-11:1700℃とした。熱処理温度以外の条件は、試料No.1と同様である。
熱処理工程における熱処理時間を0時間として、炭窒化チタン粉末を作製した。つまり、試料No.4では、熱処理工程において、室温から昇温速度:20℃/minで2200℃まで昇温後、すぐに冷却速度:20℃/minで室温まで冷却した。熱処理時間以外の条件は、試料No.1と同様である。
混合工程において、酸化チタン粉末及び炭素粉末に、更に不純物として炭窒化チタン換算でそれぞれ0.5質量%のタングステン粉末及びコバルト粉末を混入させて、炭窒化チタン粉末を作製した。それ以外の条件は、試料No.1と同様である。
比較品として、特許文献1に記載の製造方法にて炭窒化チタン粉末を作製した。具体的には、原料粉末として、水素化チタン(平均粒径:0.18μm、純度:98%)と、炭素粉末(平均粒径:0.18μm、純度:98%)とを準備し、更に、熱処理工程後にTiC0.5N0.5粉末としたときのタングステン純分及びコバルト成分がTiC0.5N0.5ベースに対してそれぞれ0.8質量%及び0.3質量%となるように炭化タングステン粉末及びコバルト粉末を準備した。これら各粉末をボールミルにて混合・粉砕した混合粉末を、窒素含有雰囲気にて1600℃×1.0時間熱処理し、その後1.2μmとなるまで粉砕処理した。
得られた各試料の炭窒化チタン粉末について、体積基準の粒度分布を、レーザー回析・散乱式粒子径分布測定装置(マイクロトラック・ベル社製、マイクロトラック)を用いて測定した。測定条件は、湿式測定(溶媒:エタノール)で、溶媒の屈折率を1.36とし、粒子の屈折率を2.4とした。得られた粒度分布における累積10%の粒径D10、累積50%の粒径D50、累積90%の粒径D90、及び算出したD10/D90を表1に示す。代表して、試料No.1-1、試料No.1-11、試料No.1-12の各炭窒化チタン粉末を電界放出形走査電子顕微鏡(FE-SEM、倍率:5000倍)で撮像した写真を図1~図3に示す。
また、得られた各試料の炭窒化チタン粉末について、CuKαX線を用いたX線回折によって、(2,0,0)面、(2,2,0)面、(2,2,2)面の各ピークの半値幅を測定した。その結果を表1に併せて示す。
試験例2では、試験例1で得られた各試料の炭窒化チタン粉末を用いて硬質材料を作製し(試料No.2-1~2-5,2-11,2-12)、その評価を行った。
原料粉末として、試験例1で得られた各試料の炭窒化チタン粉末を準備する(試料No.2-1~2-5,2-11,2-12はそれぞれ、試料No.1-1~1-5,1-11,1-12を用いる)と共に、更に市販のWC粉末(平均粒径:1.0μm)、TaC粉末(平均粒径:0.7μm)、Co粉末(平均粒径:1.0μm)、Ni粉末(平均粒径:1.5μm)を準備した(準備工程)。原料粉末の平均粒径は、FSSS法により求めた平均粒径である。これらの粉末をTiCN-20WC-7TaC-8Co-8Niの比率で配合すると共に、ボールミルで粉砕せずに混合し、混合粉末とした(混合工程)。
混合は、溶媒を水とし、φ5mmの超硬ボールのメディアを用いて行った。混合時間は、試料No.2~1~2-5,2-11:12時間、試料No.2-12:120時間とした。得られた混合粉末を98MPaでプレス成形し成形体とした(成形工程)。得られた成形体を真空雰囲気中、1550℃×0.5時間焼結し、硬質材料を得た(焼結工程)。
得られた各試料の硬質材料を、ダイヤモンドブレードを用いて切断後、切断面を平面研削及び#3000のダイヤモンドペーストにて鏡面加工し、この断面を顕微鏡用観察試料とした。
第一硬質相の粒径(D20及びD50)、アスペクト比、及び面積率の結果を表2に示す。
上記観察試料の加工面に対して、ビッカース硬度(GPa)、及び破壊靭性(MPa・m0.5)、を、それぞれJIS Z 2244(2009年)、及びJIS R 1607(1995年)に準拠して測定した。その結果を表2に併せて示す。
試験例3では、試験例1で作製したTiCN粉末と同様の各種TiCN粉末を用いて硬質材料を作製し(試料No.3-1~3-8,3-11~3-14)、各硬質材料の切削性能を調べた。
原料粉末として、表3に示す粉末を準備した(準備工程)。TiCN粉末は、試料No.3-1~3-8:試料No.1-1、試料No.3-11,No.3-12:試料No.1-11、試料No.3-13,No.3-14:試料No.1-12を用いた。他の各粉末の平均粒径は、WC粉末:1.0μm、TaC粉末:0.7μm、NbC粉末:1.1μm、Mo2C粉末:2.0μm、ZrCN粉末:2.5μm、VC:0.5μm、Cr3C2粉末:1.6μm、Co粉末:1.0μm、Ni粉末:1.5μmである。これらの粉末を表3に示す比率で配合すると共に、ボールミルで粉砕せずに混合し、混合粉末とした(混合工程)。混合は、溶媒を水とし、φ5mmの超硬ボールのメディアを用いて行った。混合時間は、試料No.3~1~3-8,3-11,3-12:12時間、試料No.3-13,3-14:120時間とした。得られた混合粉末を98MPaでプレス成形し成形体とした(成形工程)。得られた成形体を真空雰囲気(100Pa)中、1550℃×1.0時間焼結し、硬質材料を得た(焼結工程)。
得られた各硬質材料に対して、試験例2と同様に、第一硬質相の粒径(D20及びD50)、アスペクト比、及び面積率を求めた。その結果を表3に併せて示す。
各試料の硬質材料に適宜ホーニング処理等の刃先処理加工を施してCNMA120404の形状を有する基材を作製した。そして、各試料の表面に公知のPVD法でTiAlNからなる硬質皮膜を5μmの平均厚みとなるように被覆した。各試料を用いて、表4に示す切削条件にて実際に切削試験を行った。その結果を表5に示す。
Claims (6)
- 炭窒化チタンを主成分とする第一硬質相と、鉄族元素を主成分とする結合相とを備える硬質材料であって、
前記第一硬質相は、当該硬質材料の任意の表面又は断面において、
面積基準の粒度分布における累積50%の粒径D50が1.0μm以上であり、
D50以上の粒径を有する第一硬質相の平均アスペクト比が2.0以下である硬質材料。 - 前記第一硬質相は、前記任意の表面又は断面において、
面積基準の粒度分布における累積20%の粒径D20が0.7μm以上である請求項1に記載の硬質材料。 - 前記任意の表面又は断面における前記第一硬質相の面積割合が30%以上である請求項1又は請求項2に記載の硬質材料。
- 更に、周期表4,5,6族元素から選択される一種以上の金属元素を含む炭化物、窒化物、炭窒化物、及びそれらの相互固溶体の一種以上(但し、炭窒化チタンを除く)からなる第二硬質相を備える請求項1から請求項3のいずれか1項に記載の硬質材料。
- 請求項1から請求項4のいずれか1項に記載の硬質材料を基材として用いる切削工具。
- 前記基材の表面の少なくとも一部に被覆された硬質膜を備える請求項5に記載の切削工具。
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| WO2019220369A2 (en) | 2018-05-16 | 2019-11-21 | Janssen Biotech, Inc. | Methods of treating cancers and enhancing efficacy of t cell redirecting therapeutics |
| JPWO2019181790A1 (ja) * | 2018-03-20 | 2021-04-15 | 京セラ株式会社 | インサート及びこれを備えた切削工具 |
| JP2021085052A (ja) * | 2019-11-26 | 2021-06-03 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | 超硬合金及びそれを基材として含む切削工具 |
| EP3862450A4 (en) * | 2018-10-04 | 2022-06-22 | Sumitomo Electric Hardmetal Corp. | CARBIDE ALLOY, CUTTING TOOL INCLUDING THEM, AND METHOD OF MAKING CARBIDE ALLOY |
| WO2025205595A1 (ja) * | 2024-03-25 | 2025-10-02 | 三菱マテリアル株式会社 | 表面被覆切削工具 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| JPWO2019181790A1 (ja) * | 2018-03-20 | 2021-04-15 | 京セラ株式会社 | インサート及びこれを備えた切削工具 |
| JP7092866B2 (ja) | 2018-03-20 | 2022-06-28 | 京セラ株式会社 | インサート及びこれを備えた切削工具 |
| WO2019220369A2 (en) | 2018-05-16 | 2019-11-21 | Janssen Biotech, Inc. | Methods of treating cancers and enhancing efficacy of t cell redirecting therapeutics |
| WO2019220368A1 (en) | 2018-05-16 | 2019-11-21 | Janssen Biotech, Inc. | Bcma/cd3 and gprdc5d/cd3 bispecific antibodies for use in cancer therapy |
| US12012461B2 (en) | 2018-05-16 | 2024-06-18 | Janssen Biotech, Inc. | Methods of treating cancers and enhancing efficacy of T cell redirecting therapeutics |
| US12065500B2 (en) | 2018-05-16 | 2024-08-20 | Janssen Biotech, Inc. | Methods of treating cancers and enhancing efficacy of T cell redirecting therapeutics |
| EP3862450A4 (en) * | 2018-10-04 | 2022-06-22 | Sumitomo Electric Hardmetal Corp. | CARBIDE ALLOY, CUTTING TOOL INCLUDING THEM, AND METHOD OF MAKING CARBIDE ALLOY |
| JP2021085052A (ja) * | 2019-11-26 | 2021-06-03 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | 超硬合金及びそれを基材として含む切削工具 |
| JP7392423B2 (ja) | 2019-11-26 | 2023-12-06 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | 超硬合金及びそれを基材として含む切削工具 |
| WO2025205595A1 (ja) * | 2024-03-25 | 2025-10-02 | 三菱マテリアル株式会社 | 表面被覆切削工具 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US11214853B2 (en) | 2022-01-04 |
| EP3502290A1 (en) | 2019-06-26 |
| US20200391298A1 (en) | 2020-12-17 |
| JP6736034B2 (ja) | 2020-08-05 |
| JPWO2018037651A1 (ja) | 2019-06-20 |
| KR102331061B1 (ko) | 2021-11-25 |
| KR20190042005A (ko) | 2019-04-23 |
| EP3502290A4 (en) | 2019-08-07 |
| CN109642277A (zh) | 2019-04-16 |
| CN109642277B (zh) | 2020-12-29 |
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