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WO2018035735A1 - 用于煤炭地下气化过程的氧化剂注入设备及其应用 - Google Patents

用于煤炭地下气化过程的氧化剂注入设备及其应用 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018035735A1
WO2018035735A1 PCT/CN2016/096487 CN2016096487W WO2018035735A1 WO 2018035735 A1 WO2018035735 A1 WO 2018035735A1 CN 2016096487 W CN2016096487 W CN 2016096487W WO 2018035735 A1 WO2018035735 A1 WO 2018035735A1
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Prior art keywords
oxidant
coiled tubing
nozzle
injection
liner
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2016/096487
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
伯格•卡斯珀•扬•亨德利克
闵振华
汪原理
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Zhongwei (shanghai) Energy Technology Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Zhongwei (shanghai) Energy Technology Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Application filed by Zhongwei (shanghai) Energy Technology Co Ltd filed Critical Zhongwei (shanghai) Energy Technology Co Ltd
Priority to AU2016420452A priority Critical patent/AU2016420452B2/en
Priority to RU2019103150A priority patent/RU2706498C1/ru
Priority to PCT/CN2016/096487 priority patent/WO2018035735A1/zh
Priority to US16/321,100 priority patent/US10711587B2/en
Publication of WO2018035735A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018035735A1/zh
Priority to ZA2018/07777A priority patent/ZA201807777B/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/295—Gasification of minerals, e.g. for producing mixtures of combustible gases
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/16—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons
    • E21B43/164—Injecting CO2 or carbonated water
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/16—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons
    • E21B43/166—Injecting a gaseous medium; Injecting a gaseous medium and a liquid medium
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/16—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons
    • E21B43/166—Injecting a gaseous medium; Injecting a gaseous medium and a liquid medium
    • E21B43/168—Injecting a gaseous medium

Definitions

  • the present invention provides an oxidant injection apparatus for underground coal gasification processes.
  • the present invention provides an apparatus for continuously injecting a high concentration of oxidant during underground coal gasification, and also provides the application of the oxidant injection equipment in underground coal gasification, specifically for underground coal gasification. Ignition of the process and normal operation.
  • the underground coal gasification (UCG or ISC) process is a process in which coal is directly converted into product gas (also called crude syngas) by combustion and gasification of underground coal seams in the presence of an oxidant, which can then be used in a variety of applications.
  • Applications include fuel production, chemical production and power generation.
  • coal gasification process whether on the ground or underground, the coal is converted by a series of chemical reactions in which H 2 O and CO 2 are the main gasifying agents, and O 2 is the main oxidant:
  • the completion system typically includes an injection well for injecting various reagents such as an oxidant, a gasifying agent, and a coolant, a production well for removing product gas, and various auxiliary wells for assisting, wherein
  • the injection wells, the production wells, and the auxiliary wells are typically laid with casing and/or liners and are in communication with each other as needed, wherein the auxiliary wells typically include ignition wells, refrigeration wells, shielded wells, and protection Wells, etc., wherein the injection wells are typically horizontal directional wells, while the production wells and auxiliary wells can typically be horizontal directional wells or vertical wells.
  • the most basic completion system consists of injection and production wells that are connected to each other and have casing and/or inner liners inside, also known as underground coal gasification units or wells. Correct.
  • the relevant underground area includes a combustion zone, a gasification zone and a pyrolysis zone, wherein: the combustion zone generally extends from the injection point of the oxidant and the gasification agent, and in the combustion zone, the coal is in the presence of the oxidant and the gasification agent. Combustion and gasification occur; the gasification zone is located downstream of the combustion zone or radially around the combustion zone. In the gasification zone, the coal is mainly gasified and partially oxidized to form product gas; the pyrolysis zone is located downstream of the gasification zone, in pyrolysis Pyrolysis of coal occurs in the area. For an ideal underground coal gasification process, it is generally desirable to have as little pyrolysis as possible. With the gradual advancement of underground coal gasification process, the burning area formed in the coal seam gradually becomes larger, and finally the underground coal reservoir is completely consumed, leaving only coal ash.
  • the product gas produced usually contains CO, CO 2 , H 2 , CH 4 and solid particles, water, coal tar and hydrocarbons, and a small amount of H 2 S, NH 4 and COS.
  • the specific composition of the product gas typically depends on a number of factors, including the oxidant used (eg, air, oxygen-enriched air or pure oxygen), the presence of water (coal water or water from the surrounding formation that penetrates the coal seam), the quality of the coal, and Process parameters used (temperature and pressure, etc.).
  • an oxidant having a higher oxygen concentration In the underground coal gasification process, it is generally preferred to use an oxidant having a higher oxygen concentration because the higher the oxygen concentration, the higher the product gas quality, such as the calorific value.
  • the oxygen concentration is too high, such as above 35 vol%, it is necessary to use a coolant at the same time to avoid the temperature in the combustion zone being too high, the burn-in strength being too high, and the danger of burning the liner in the well. Therefore, it is inevitable to be able to safely use a high concentration of oxidant such as pure oxygen for underground coal gasification.
  • oxidant injection is typically stopped when it is desired to change the oxidant injection location during underground coal gasification.
  • oxidant injection position for example, to retreat the oxidant injection position by 50 meters after continuous gasification for 30 days, and the oxidant injection is usually stopped during the retreat process.
  • the underground coal gasification process is not really “continuous” as a whole, and this “discontinuity” will inevitably lead to product gas.
  • the quality fluctuates, and when the fluctuation is large, it will cause problems for the subsequent application of the product gas. Therefore, it is necessarily advantageous if the oxidant can be continuously injected continuously during the underground gasification of coal.
  • WO 2014/043747 A1 discloses an apparatus and method for carrying out an oxygen-enriched underground coal gasification process, in particular an oxygen injection apparatus and method, in which a specially designed oxygen lance is used to inject an oxidant into an underground coal seam, the lance comprising: a gun body of the inner passage, the inner passage is inserted with a check valve; a coiled tubing adapter at the tail end of the gun body, the adapter has a hole for a thermocouple; and at least one spacer tube connected to the front end of the gun body; An injection nozzle connected to the front end of the spacer tube; and a thermocouple that monitors the temperature of the injection nozzle.
  • oxygen-enriched underground coal gasification is mentioned in this patent, it is actually operated by injecting air.
  • WO 2014/186823 A1 discloses an apparatus and method for supplying oxidant and water to a coal seam during underground coal gasification, wherein the apparatus comprises an oxidant passage and a casing seal, the oxidant passage comprising at least one downhole opening And at least one upper end opening for injecting oxidant into the underground coal gasification zone, the upper open end opening for fluid connection with the coiled tubing for sealing the oxidant
  • An annular passage between the passage and the wellbore casing having one or more passages for injecting water into the underground coal gasification zone.
  • the oxidant in this patent can be substantially pure oxygen, the controlled back-off injection point concept is employed, which corresponds to the underground coal gasification process that is separated by several retreat stages in the prior art.
  • the underground coal gasification process still needs to be improved in some aspects, including: how to better control the combustion and gasification of the coal seam to provide high quality product gas; how to not interrupt the oxidant injection Under the circumstances, the transfer or retreat of the oxidant injection equipment is realized; how to avoid the damage of the oxidant injection equipment and the melting of the injection liner in the high temperature environment of the well bottom; and how to better conduct underground monitoring to control the underground coal gasification process.
  • the underground coal gasification process in the prior art still needs further improvement, and in particular, continuous injection of an oxidant and safe use of a high-concentration oxidant such as pure oxygen are required.
  • the present invention provides an oxidant injection apparatus for underground coal gasification processes.
  • the present invention provides a continuous process in the underground coal gasification process
  • the equipment for injecting high-concentration oxidant also provides the application of the oxidant injection equipment in the underground coal gasification process, which can be used for ignition and normal operation of underground coal gasification process.
  • the present invention provides an oxidant injection apparatus for a coal underground gasification process, the oxidant injection apparatus including an oxidant passage including a rotary joint, a coiled tubing, and a mechanical shearing device that are in airtight communication with each other in sequence And an oxidant nozzle, wherein the mechanical shearing device is adapted to shear the oxidant nozzle to withdraw the coiled tubing if necessary, and wherein the swivel joint causes the ground oxidant source to be in airtight communication with the central axis of the coiled tubing reel, thereby even The oxidant is continued to be injected during the process of moving the oxidant nozzle through the coiled tubing by winding the coiled tubing.
  • the invention also provides a coal underground gasification method, wherein a completion system for underground coal gasification is provided in the underground coal seam, wherein the high-concentration oxidant is continuously injected into the underground coal seam through the injection well by the oxidant injection device of the invention, wherein the high concentration oxidant is oxygen-enriched air or pure oxygen comprising at least 80 vol% oxygen, preferably at least 90 vol% oxygen, wherein an annular gap between the coiled tubing of the oxidant injection device and the injection liner is also formed.
  • the auxiliary passage simultaneously injects a coolant, which is water, steam or carbon dioxide, at which time the coolant is simultaneously used as a gasifying agent for the coal gasification process.
  • the oxidant injection device combines the corresponding characteristics and functions of the various components, in particular the combined use of a rotary joint and a coiled tubing, so that not only can the oxidant be continuously injected continuously in the underground coal gasification process, achieving a true continuous
  • the underground coal gasification process of the operation, and the high-concentration oxidant such as pure oxygen can be used safely and stably, so that high-quality and stable quality product gas can be obtained, which brings about advancement of the prior art.
  • the oxidant injection device of the present invention when the underground gasification process of coal is carried out by the retreat method, since the oxidant injection device of the present invention is utilized, the cumbersome disassembly and assembly operation of moving the oxidant nozzle without interrupting the injection of the oxidant is no longer required, and the operation is relatively It is more flexible and convenient, so that the back-off period and/or the retreat distance of the prior art back-off method can be greatly shortened, and even the underground underground gasification process in which the gasification position in the underground coal seam is substantially continuously moved can be realized.
  • the underground coal gasification process of the back-off method of short-cycle small-distance retreat can be realized, and the retreat period can be greatly shortened from at least 30 days in the prior art to two weeks, or even shortened to several days. Even shortened to 1 day, and the retreat distance can be reduced from the prior art
  • the 50 meters is shortened to 10 meters, even shortened to 5 meters, and even shortened to 1 meter, which can realize the underground underground gasification process of the basic continuous movement of gasification in the underground coal seam, which will undoubtedly make the products produced.
  • the quality of the gas is better and more stable, bringing advances to the prior art.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic illustration of a portion of an oxidant injection device of the present invention positioned within a liner of a subterranean injection well;
  • FIG 2 is a schematic view showing the ignition operation of the underground coal gasification process using the oxidant injection device shown in Figure 1, wherein the ignition device is connected to the oxidant nozzle (the pneumatic protection plug on the oxidant nozzle has been removed);
  • Figure 3 shows a schematic diagram of the underground coal gasification process of the present invention (including ground and underground equipment).
  • the present invention provides an oxidant injection apparatus for underground coal gasification processes.
  • the present invention provides an apparatus for continuously injecting a high concentration of oxidant during underground coal gasification, and also provides the application of the oxidant injection equipment in underground coal gasification, specifically for underground coal gasification. Ignition of the process and normal operation.
  • an oxidant injection apparatus for a coal underground gasification process, the oxidant injection apparatus comprising an oxidant passage including a rotary joint, a coiled tubing, a mechanical shear that is in airtight communication with each other in sequence a cutting device and an oxidant nozzle, wherein the mechanical shearing device is adapted to shear the oxidant nozzle to withdraw the coiled tubing if necessary, and wherein the rotary joint causes the ground oxidant source to be in airtight communication with the central axis of the coiled tubing reel, This continues to inject the oxidant even during the process of moving the oxidant nozzle through the coiled tubing revolving coiled tubing.
  • the rotary joint is a hermetic rotary joint suitable for a high-pressure pure oxygen environment, and the rotary joint is used to achieve airtightness between the ground oxidant source and the coiled tubing central axis.
  • sexual communication so that the oxidant can continue to be injected during the process of moving the oxidant nozzle through the coiled tubing reeling coiled tubing, for example, when the coiled tubing is used to retreat the oxidant nozzle during the underground gasification process of the retreating method, the rotary joint is still
  • the continuous injection of high-concentration oxidant such as pure oxygen can be ensured, thereby realizing the continuity of time in the underground coal gasification process.
  • the rotary joint in the oxidant injection device, can be any suitable sealing rotary joint used in the prior art, for example, the rotary joint disclosed in US Pat. No. 3,884,511 and CN104279385B It can be used in the present invention, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
  • the coiled tubing is a major component of the oxidant passage, primarily for transporting the oxidant and for transferring the oxidant nozzle and the ignition device to a predetermined location within the subterranean coal seam.
  • the coiled tubing is operatively coupled to other components using a special connector such as an external grapple connector, which is non-welded and can provide a hermetic seal, for example A good seal is provided over the operating pressure range, so that other components within the oxidant passage can be easily replaced and repaired with such an external grapple connector.
  • a special connector such as an external grapple connector, which is non-welded and can provide a hermetic seal, for example A good seal is provided over the operating pressure range, so that other components within the oxidant passage can be easily replaced and repaired with such an external grapple connector.
  • the coiled tubing is a highly airtight component, thereby avoiding safety problems caused by leakage of high concentration oxidant such as pure oxygen during use.
  • the coiled tubing is usually wound on a coiled tubing, and the coiled tubing is coiled and coiled to achieve the release and return of the coiled tubing under operation. withdraw.
  • a central shaft is arranged on the coiled tubing, the central shaft is in communication with the interior of the coiled tubing body, and the rotary joint is connected to the interior of the coiled tubing body via the central shaft of the coiled tubing drum and thereby realized in the coiled tubing coil
  • the oxidant is continuously supplied during the winding of the coiled tubing.
  • the coiled tubing and its reel should be selected to ensure that the coiled tubing can reach the length of the wellbore extension within the coal seam and coal seam.
  • the outer diameter of the coiled tubing is typically selected based on pre-calculated static hydraulic flow and allowable pressure drop.
  • the material and wall thickness of the coiled tubing are generally selected according to the nature of the coolant used, the expected operating period of the underground coal gasification process, the number of times the underground coal seam is expected to enter and exit, and the oxidant flow rate. Generally, 316L stainless steel or higher materials can be used to meet the requirements. Corrosion resistance, corrosion resistance and oxidation resistance.
  • Temperature, pressure and acoustic wave sensors can be arranged on the outer wall of the coiled tubing.
  • the terminals of these sensors are generally arranged in the central axis of the coiled tubing, whereby the detection points of these sensors can be extended and distributed to the underground coal seam with the coiled tubing, and A wireless transmission is typically installed inside the coiled tubing to transfer the measured signal back to the control system.
  • the center shaft of a coiled tubing reel is also typically designed and manufactured and thoroughly cleaned to meet the requirements of high concentrations of oxidant such as pure oxygen.
  • the mechanical shearing device is a self-breaking mechanism for shearing the oxidant nozzle to withdraw the coiled tubing if necessary, for example, in the oxidant nozzle due to failure such as deformation or distortion If the card is stuck in the liner of the injection well or is stuck due to melting of the liner in the injection well and cannot be moved, then the operation can be continued after repairing and/or replacing the oxidant nozzle as appropriate.
  • one or more check valves may be connected between the coiled tubing and the mechanical shearing device in the oxidant passage, wherein the plurality of check valves are mainly used for standby,
  • the check valve is primarily used to prevent reverse flow of air into the coiled tubing to keep the relevant components of the oxidant injection device clean and provide safety when the ground wellhead is removed or retracted, which may be technical in the art Personnel known to be suitable for high concentrations
  • Any type of check valve of an oxidant such as a pure oxygen environment may be, for example, a spring flapper valve or a ball + spring type.
  • the oxidant nozzle is a key component of the oxidant injection device of the present invention, and is usually also the location of the failure, which must be carefully designed and used.
  • the oxidant nozzle must be suitable for a high concentration oxidant such as a pure oxygen environment which may be a high temperature, a high pressure and a high speed flow, and a high temperature environment near the combustion zone of the underground coal seam;
  • the material of the oxidant nozzle must be appropriately selected, for example, may be selected From brass, Inconel and Monel copper-nickel alloys;
  • the outer shape of the oxidant nozzle must be as smooth as possible, ie any external dimensional change is a gradual transition of the gradual transition process so that it can be injected into the well Smooth movement inside the liner, and the oxidant nozzle should have sufficient wall thickness to meet the heat dissipation and cooling requirements while providing contact area and strength, and to resist any backfire that may occur, thereby ensuring the integrity and reliability of the oxidant nozzle Sex.
  • the internal passage of the oxidant nozzle is adapted to flow with a high concentration of oxidant such as pure oxygen, the internal passage must be clean, free of particulate or hydrocarbon contamination, and the internal passage surface is usually subjected to pure oxygen operation.
  • oxidant such as pure oxygen
  • the outer diameter of the oxidant nozzle can also be designed to be adjustable, whereby the annular space between the injection liner and the oxidant nozzle can be adjusted by adjusting the outer diameter of the oxidant nozzle to control the coolant The flow rate, which in turn accelerates or slows the removal of heat from the oxidant nozzle.
  • the oxidant nozzle may be a nozzle head with one or more holes, wherein the size of the hole of the single-hole nozzle head with one hole is generally determined based on the maximum injection speed of the outlet, and maximizing the ejection speed is advantageous in
  • the oxidant stream entrains more coolant directly into the gasification zone, and the plurality of pores of the porous nozzle head with a plurality of pores can be distributed centrally and peripherally, wherein the peripheral pores can be parallel to the central orifice such that the oxidant ejected
  • the narrow focus mode is injected into the gasification zone, or the outer peripheral holes can be diverged outward at an angle to the central hole, such as an angle of 5-35 degrees, preferably 8-20 degrees, so that the ejected oxidant enters the gas with a larger coverage.
  • the oxidant nozzle may also be provided with a specially designed micro-flow pattern such as a micro venturi line near the end of the nozzle head, specifically 2-20 mm, preferably 3-15 mm near the end of the nozzle head.
  • a miniature venturi pattern is provided for directing coolant to the holes in the nozzle head for cooling protection.
  • the oxidant nozzle can also be provided with a pneumatic protection plug, which is generally circular and placed at the top of the oxidant nozzle for protecting the oxidant nozzle in a non-working state, and can be The high pressure oxidant stream is blown off without hindering the oxidant injection.
  • a pneumatic protection plug which is generally circular and placed at the top of the oxidant nozzle for protecting the oxidant nozzle in a non-working state, and can be The high pressure oxidant stream is blown off without hindering the oxidant injection.
  • the oxidant nozzle in the underground coal gasification process using the retreat method, can be wound back through the coiled tubing of the coiled tubing and periodically retracted within the injection liner to determine the distance, thereby allowing injection into the well.
  • the underground coal reservoir around the liner is completely consumed piece by piece, leaving only the coal ash.
  • the invention also provides a coal underground gasification method, wherein a completion system for underground coal gasification is provided in the underground coal seam, wherein the high-concentration oxidant is continuously injected into the underground coal seam through the injection well by the oxidant injection device of the invention, wherein the high concentration oxidant is oxygen-enriched air or pure oxygen comprising at least 80 vol% oxygen, preferably at least 90 vol% oxygen, wherein an annular gap between the coiled tubing of the oxidant injection device and the injection liner is also formed.
  • the auxiliary passage simultaneously injects a coolant, which is water, steam or carbon dioxide, at which time the coolant is simultaneously used as a gasifying agent for the coal gasification process.
  • the annulus between the coiled tubing and the liner of the injection well can be used as an auxiliary passage, and the auxiliary passage can be used for the need in addition to the coolant.
  • Other desired reagents are injected into the subterranean coal seam, wherein other desired reagents may include, for example, a gasifying agent and an ignition oxidant.
  • the coolant injected into the underground coal seam through the auxiliary passage mainly has the following functions: the heat around the oxidant nozzle can be removed by heat exchange to avoid the oxidant nozzle temperature being too high;
  • the injection lining of the oxidant nozzle can be accelerated by reducing the injection flow rate of the coolant, for example, reducing the coolant flow rate by 10-80%. Partial burning rate; and when water or steam or carbon dioxide is used as the coolant, they can be used simultaneously as a gasifying agent for the underground coal gasification process.
  • the process temperature can be controlled by controlling the proportion of water vapor, so that hydrocarbon-containing solids (carbon), liquid (coal volatiles and pyrolysis liquid) and gas (coal gas, pyrolysis) Vapor and syngas are more gasified (partially oxidized) than burned (completely oxidized).
  • oxygen-enriched air or pure oxygen comprising at least 80 vol% oxygen, preferably at least 90 vol% oxygen is used as the oxidant, and the high-concentration oxidant can provide a higher quality such as a higher calorific value.
  • Product gas provided that the coolant must be used simultaneously, the coolant may be water, steam or carbon dioxide, preferably water or carbon dioxide, which can be used simultaneously as a gasifying agent in the coal gasification process, thereby optimizing The underground coal gasification process.
  • the coolant and pure oxygen are preferably injected at a certain molar ratio, specifically, as The molar ratio of the water or carbon dioxide injected by the coolant to the pure oxygen injected as the oxidizing agent may be from 0.5 to 6.0, preferably from 1.0 to 5.0, and more preferably from 1.5 to 4.0.
  • temperature, pressure and acoustic wave sensors can be respectively fixed on the outside of the vertical section of the injection well, the outside of the injection liner, the outer wall of the coiled tubing and the oxidant nozzle.
  • the temperature, pressure and acoustic signals of the underground coal seam are obtained and fed back to the control system near the wellhead.
  • the temperature, pressure and acoustic wave sensors may each be a distributed sensing optical fiber based on Optical Time-Domain Reflectometry (OTDR), which may be from a wellhead or a coiled tubing.
  • OTDR Optical Time-Domain Reflectometry
  • the central axis of the barrel begins to extend to the target measurement point to obtain the corresponding temperature profile, pressure curve and acoustic curve for monitoring the oxidant injection location, combustion zone location, underground coal seam consumption, temperature and pressure of the gasification zone, and well system Integrity, etc., to control the underground coal gasification process
  • the temperature sensor can also be a bimetallic sheathed K-type dual probe thermocouple, for example, a double metal sheathed K-type dual probe thermocouple can be additionally or alternatively used at the oxidant nozzle To obtain the temperature at this point and control the coolant flow based on the temperature.
  • Temperature, pressure and sonic sensors fixed outside the casing of the vertical section of the injection well are primarily used as a source of data for the safety protection system, where the temperature is too high and the pressure is too high (eg when the position is warm) When the degree and / or pressure reaches a critical value or exceeds the design safety value), the system can be automatically stopped;
  • the temperature, pressure and sonic sensors fixed outside the liner of the injection well are mainly used to monitor the temperature and pressure of the gasification zone in the underground coal seam. These sensors are generally extended to the gasification zone via the instrument port near the surface wellhead, and will be measured. The results are fed back to the control system and stored in the database.
  • the gasification zone temperature is >600 ° C, for example, 600-1200 ° C, it can be considered that the coal seam along the liner of the injection well is being gasified, and the temperature is higher than At 1,200 °C, coal combustion mainly occurs, and when the underground coal seam along the liner of the injection well is completely consumed, the system operation can also be automatically stopped;
  • a temperature, pressure and acoustic wave sensor fixed to the outer wall of the coiled tubing can extend from the central axis of the coiled tubing to the oxidant nozzle. These sensors are connected to the wireless transmission device, and the measurement results are fed back to the control system and stored in a database.
  • the temperature and pressure sensors are mainly used to monitor the temperature distribution on the coiled tubing, the temperature at the oxidant nozzle and the pressure in the gasification zone in the underground coal seam, and the acoustic wave sensor is mainly used to confirm the position of the oxidant nozzle.
  • the control system can respond to the sound wave signal at any time. Related issues to ensure that the well system is complete; and
  • a bimetallic sheathed K-type dual probe thermocouple may additionally or alternatively be attached to the oxidant nozzle to obtain the point temperature and control the coolant injection flow rate based on the temperature.
  • the inner liner of the well system may be joined together by any suitable connection method commonly used in the art, for example, Connections such as welds, threads, clamp grooves, flanges, ferrules or snaps are followed by the principle of ensuring the best performance of the final completion system.
  • the injection liner is an important component, and its function is an important guarantee for the smooth progress of the underground coal gasification process.
  • the function of injecting the liner in the well is mainly reflected in the following aspects:
  • the injection liner is an important passage for fluid flow and equipment such as oxidant nozzle movement during underground coal gasification;
  • the annulus between the coal seam bores can also be used as a flow passage after purging with an inert gas.
  • additional gasification can be injected through the passage.
  • distributed temperature, pressure, and acoustic sensors can be attached to the outer wall of the injection liner to provide a corresponding temperature, pressure, and acoustic signal distribution curve.
  • the material of the injection liner can generally be selected according to the static rock pressure and the hydrostatic pressure of the underground formation; the inner diameter of the injection liner is generally matched with the maximum outer diameter of the oxidant nozzle, and the outer diameter of the oxidant nozzle can be adjusted.
  • the coolant flow rate can be controlled by adjusting the annulus between the two, so that the heat from the oxidant nozzle and its surroundings can be accelerated or slowed down; the annulus between the inner wall of the injection liner and the coiled tubing is generally based on The maximum coolant flow rate is determined to meet the coolant flow requirements; and the injection liner is typically extended to the vicinity of the bottom of the subterranean coal seam and above the sandwich layer that may be present.
  • the injection liner is as close to the underground as possible.
  • the bottom of the coal seam but cannot jump out of the coal seam into the underburden.
  • it should be located above the interlayer.
  • the coal seam, non-coal layer thickness is preferably less than 15 cm, more preferably less than 10 cm.
  • the injection liner and the production well liner generally meet at the ends, and the injection liner and the production liner are required to be opened at the intersection to facilitate the production.
  • the product gas enters the production well liner through the injection liner and is finally removed from the production well.
  • the length of the opening section can be independently 1-3, preferably 2 complete sections, and the aperture of the opening is generally 5-35 mm.
  • the openings are 10-25 mm, the openings are generally arranged at a staggered interval, and the total area of the openings may be 5-35%, preferably 10-30% of the wall area of the open section; in addition, wherein the total length is generally in the distance
  • the coupling is opened at least 0.5 meters away to help maintain the strength of the entire pipe section.
  • the underground coal gasification process is preferably carried out using a back-off method.
  • the gasification process typically begins at a location near the end of the liner in the production well, where the ignition device is initially placed through a pneumatic device interface (typically having a predetermined pneumatic pressure) disposed at the end of the oxidant nozzle.
  • the ignition device Connected to the oxidant nozzle and transferred to a predetermined ignition position, followed by activation with oxidant flow or pressure to initiate ignition, wherein the ignition device is typically activated in a delayed manner to provide sufficient time to retract the oxidant nozzle away from the ignition position and a safe position to move away from the high energy and high heat released by the ignition device, and in the ignition phase, also injecting air through an auxiliary passage formed by the annulus between the coiled tubing and the injection liner, such as ⁇ 300 Nm 3 / The low flow air of h is used as the ignition oxidant, and after the ignition is completed, the injection of the air is stopped and the injection of the coolant is started, while the oxidant is injected through the oxidant passage.
  • an auxiliary passage formed by the annulus between the coiled tubing and the injection liner such as ⁇ 300 Nm 3 /
  • the low flow air of h is used as the ignition oxidant, and after the ignition is completed, the injection of the air is stopped and
  • the coiled tubing is generally periodically wound by the coiled tubing to make the oxidant nozzle retreat to determine the distance to continue the said The gasification process, and due to the operational flexibility of the oxidant injection device of the present invention and the continuity of the oxidant injection, the retreat cycle and the retreat distance can be greatly shortened, for example, the retreat cycle can be as short as 1 day, thereby being able to return every day.
  • the oxidizing agent nozzle is 1-10 meters, preferably 1-5 meters and more preferably 1-3 meters to change the gasification position in the underground coal seam, and the oxidant such as pure oxygen and coolant can be continuously injected during the oxidant nozzle retreat. Thereby realizing the continuous continuity of the underground coal gasification process in time and the basic continuity in the underground coal seam space.
  • the coolant flow rate can be correspondingly reduced based on the material, wall thickness and predicted combustion speed of the liner in the injection well.
  • / or increase the flow rate of oxidant such as pure oxygen for example, can reduce the coolant flow rate by 10-80% and / or increase the pure oxygen flow rate by 10-20% to accelerate the burning rate of the injection liner portion in front of the oxidant nozzle, thereby The fresh coal seam is exposed more quickly for gasification, and this process continues until the underground coal seam along the liner in the injection well is completely consumed.
  • an improvement in the overall oxidant injection equipment enables effective control of the underground coal gasification process.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of a portion of an oxidant injection device of the present invention located within a liner of an injection well.
  • the oxidant nozzle 4 is connected to a mechanical shearing device 6, which ensures that the oxidant nozzle can be broken into the oxidant nozzle when it is stuck in the injection liner 1 to withdraw the rest of the equipment to the ground;
  • the cutting device 6 is connected to a check valve 7 for preventing reverse flow of air into the coiled tubing, thereby preventing the device from being contaminated and providing safety protection when the ground wellhead is removed or retracted; the check valve 7
  • the coiled tubing 11 is connected via an external grapple connector 8; distributed temperature, pressure and acoustic wave sensors 5 are respectively fixed on the outside of the injection liner and on the outer wall of the coiled tubing to provide a thermal activity signal for the entire underground coal gasification process.
  • the pneumatic protection plug 3 installed at the front end of the oxidant nozzle 4 can prevent contaminants from intruding into the oxidant nozzle and facilitate smooth movement of the entire oxidant injection device; in the coiled tubing, the oxidant passage 10, wherein the oxidant flows to The oxidant nozzle 4 enters the gasification zone; the annulus between the injection liner and the coiled tubing is the auxiliary channel 9, wherein the coolant can be supplied with cooling to provide cooling for the oxidant nozzle, or a gasifying agent can be introduced.
  • FIG 2 is a schematic view showing the operation of the ignition operation of the underground coal gasification process using the oxidant injection apparatus shown in Figure 1.
  • the pneumatic protective plug 3 of Figure 1 is removed and connected to the oxidant nozzle by a pressure activated/pneumatically separated ignition device 13.
  • the ignition device 13 is first delivered to a predetermined ignition position using the oxidant injection device of the present invention, and then the ignition device 13 is activated and deactivated by injecting the oxidant pressure.
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic diagram of the underground coal gasification process of the present invention (including ground and underground equipment).
  • the underground coal gasification process is carried out using the oxidant injection apparatus shown in FIG. 1, wherein the coiled tubing 11 is released through the coiled tubing 18 and is passed through the injection well casing 14 under the control of the wellhead control device 17.
  • the injection liner 1 sends the oxidant nozzle connected thereto to the gasification zone; the starting end of the coiled tubing 11 is in the central axis of the coiled tubing 18 (not shown); the rotary joint 19 is connected to the ground.
  • the oxidant source line 20 and the starting end of the coiled tubing 11 ensure that the oxidant continues to be injected while the coiled tubing is wound around the coiled tubing.

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Abstract

公开了一种用于煤炭地下气化过程的氧化剂注入设备，所述氧化剂注入设备包括氧化剂通道（10），所述氧化剂通道（10）包括彼此按顺序气密性连通的旋转接头（19）、连续油管（11）、机械剪切装置（6）和氧化剂喷嘴（4），其中所述机械剪切装置（6）用于在必要时剪断氧化剂喷嘴（4）以撤回连续油管（11），和其中所述旋转接头（19）使地面氧化剂源与连续油管卷筒（18）的中心轴气密性连通，由此即使在通过连续油管卷筒（18）卷绕连续油管（11）移动氧化剂喷嘴（4）的过程中仍继续注入氧化剂。还公开了这种氧化剂注入设备在煤炭地下气化过程中的应用，可用于煤炭地下气化过程的点火及正常操作过程。

Description

用于煤炭地下气化过程的氧化剂注入设备及其应用 技术领域
本发明提供了一种用于煤炭地下气化过程的氧化剂注入设备。特别地，本发明提供了一种在煤炭地下气化过程中可以连续注入高浓度氧化剂的设备，还提供了这种氧化剂注入设备在煤炭地下气化过程中的应用，具体可用于煤炭地下气化过程的点火及正常操作过程。
背景技术
煤炭地下气化(UCG或ISC)过程是在氧化剂存在下通过地下煤层的燃烧和气化将煤直接转化为产品气(也称为粗合成气)的过程，所述产品气随后可以用于多种应用，包括燃料生产、化学品生产和发电等。鉴于采矿业越来越严格的环保要求和考虑到相关的人工成本和基建成本，这种适用于大多数煤藏的煤炭地下气化技术无疑是很有吸引力的。
对于煤气化过程，无论在地上还是地下进行，其中都是通过如下一系列化学反应使煤转化，其中H2O和CO2为主要气化剂，和O2为主要氧化剂：
C+O2→CO2(完全氧化反应)
C+1/2O2→CO(部分氧化反应)
C+H2O→H2+CO(水蒸气气化反应)
C+2H2→CH4(氢气气化反应)
C+CO2→2CO(二氧化碳气化反应)
Figure PCTCN2016096487-appb-000001
(水煤气变换反应)
Figure PCTCN2016096487-appb-000002
(甲烷化反应)。
在煤炭地下气化过程中，通常要在地下煤层中设有相应的完井系统。所述完井系统通常包括用于注入各种试剂如氧化剂、气化剂和冷却剂等的注入井、用于移除产品气的产出井和用于起辅助作用的各种辅助井，其中注入井、产出井和辅助井内通常均铺设有套管和/或内衬管且按需要彼此连通，其中所述辅助井通常包括点火井、冷冻井、屏蔽井和防护 井等，其中注入井通常为水平定向井，而产出井和辅助井通常可以为水平定向井或垂直井。
因此，在煤炭地下气化过程中，最基本的完井系统由彼此连通且内部铺设有套管和/或内衬管的注入井和产出井组成，亦称为煤炭地下气化单元或井对。
在煤炭地下气化过程中，相关地下区域包括燃烧区、气化区和热解区，其中：燃烧区一般从氧化剂和气化剂注入点开始延伸，在燃烧区中煤在氧化剂和气化剂存在下发生燃烧和气化；气化区位于燃烧区下游或以放射状围绕在燃烧区周围，在气化区中煤主要被气化和部分氧化生成产品气；热解区位于气化区下游，在热解区发生煤的热解。对于理想的煤炭地下气化过程来说，一般希望煤的热解尽可能少。随着煤炭地下气化过程的逐渐推进，煤层中形成的燃空区逐渐变大，最终地下煤藏完全被消耗，仅留下煤灰。
在煤炭地下气化过程中，所生成的产品气通常包含CO、CO2、H2、CH4及固体颗粒、水、煤焦油和烃以及少量H2S、NH4和COS等。所述产品气的具体组成通常取决于多个因素，包括所使用的氧化剂(例如空气、富氧空气或纯氧)、水的存在(煤层水或周边地层渗入煤层的水)、煤的质量以及所采用的工艺参数(温度和压力等)。
在煤炭地下气化过程中，通常倾向于使用氧浓度较高的氧化剂，因为氧浓度越高，产品气质量如热值越高。但氧浓度太高如高于35vol％时就必须同时使用冷却剂以避免燃烧区温度太高、回烧强度过大以及注入井内衬管被烧坏的危险。因此，如果能够安全地使用高浓度氧化剂如纯氧进行煤炭地下气化过程必然是有利的。
另外，在煤炭地下气化过程中，通常还不能完全连续注入氧化剂。特别地，当在煤炭地下气化过程中需要改变氧化剂注入位置时，通常要停止氧化剂注入。例如，对于回退法煤炭地下气化过程，其中通常要定期回退氧化剂注入位置，如连续气化30天后要回退氧化剂注入位置50米，而在回退过程中通常要停止氧化剂注入。在这种情况下，煤炭地下气化过程从整体来看并不真正“连续”，而这种“不连续”必然导致产品气 质量发生波动，当波动较大时就会为产品气的后续应用带来问题。因此，如果在煤炭地下气化过程中能够真正连续注入氧化剂必然是有利的。
WO2014/043747A1公开了一种用于实施富氧地下煤气化过程的设备和方法，具体为氧注入设备和方法，其中使用特别设计的氧枪来向地下煤层注入氧化剂，所述氧枪包括：具有内部通道的枪体，所述内部通道内插有止回阀；枪体尾端的连续油管接合器，所述接合器上有用于通热电偶的孔；连至枪体前端的至少一段间隔管；连到间隔管前端的注入喷嘴；和监测注入喷嘴温度的热电偶。尽管该专利中提到了富氧地下煤气化，但其中实际上是注入空气进行操作的。
WO2014/186823A1公开了一种用于煤炭地下气化过程中向煤层供应氧化剂和水的设备和方法，其中所述设备包括氧化剂通道和套管密封，所述氧化剂通道包括至少一个井下端部开孔和至少一个井上端部开孔，所述井下端部开孔用于向地下煤气化区注入氧化剂，所述井上端部开孔用于与连续油管流体连接，所述套管密封用于密封氧化剂通道和井孔套管之间的环形通道，所述套管密封上具有一个或多个用于向地下煤气化区注入水的通道。尽管该专利中氧化剂可以为基本纯的氧，但其中采用的是受控回退注入点概念，这对应的是现有技术中由若干回退阶段间隔开的煤炭地下气化过程。
总之，在现有技术中，所述煤炭地下气化过程在一些方面仍有待改进，具体包括：如何更好地控制煤层的燃烧和气化以提供高质量产品气；如何能够在不中断氧化剂注入的情况下实现氧化剂注入设备的转移或回退；如何避免在井底高温环境下氧化剂注入设备的损坏和注入井内衬管的熔融；以及如何更好地进行地下监控来控制煤炭地下气化过程。
因此，现有技术中的煤炭地下气化过程仍需要进一步改进，尤其需要实现氧化剂的连续注入以及高浓度氧化剂如纯氧的安全使用。
发明内容
针对现有技术，本发明提供了一种用于煤炭地下气化过程的氧化剂注入设备。特别地，本发明提供了一种在煤炭地下气化过程中可以连续 注入高浓度氧化剂的设备，还提供了这种氧化剂注入设备在煤炭地下气化过程中的应用，具体可用于煤炭地下气化过程的点火及正常操作过程。
本发明提供了一种用于煤炭地下气化过程的氧化剂注入设备，所述氧化剂注入设备包括氧化剂通道，所述氧化剂通道包括彼此按顺序气密性连通的旋转接头、连续油管、机械剪切装置和氧化剂喷嘴，其中所述机械剪切装置用于在必要时剪断氧化剂喷嘴以撤回连续油管，和其中所述旋转接头使地面氧化剂源与连续油管卷筒的中心轴气密性连通，由此即使在通过连续油管卷筒卷绕连续油管移动氧化剂喷嘴的过程中仍继续注入氧化剂。
本发明还提供了一种煤炭地下气化方法，其中在地下煤层中设有用于煤炭地下气化的完井系统，其中利用本发明的氧化剂注入设备经注入井向地下煤层连续注入高浓度氧化剂，其中所述高浓度氧化剂为包含至少80vol％氧、优选至少90vol％氧的富氧空气或纯氧，其中还利用由所述氧化剂注入设备的连续油管与注入井内衬管之间的环隙形成的辅助通道同时注入冷却剂，所述冷却剂为水、水蒸汽或二氧化碳，此时该冷却剂同时用作煤气化过程的气化剂。
按照本发明，所述氧化剂注入设备组合了各部件的相应特性和功能，尤其是旋转接头和连续油管的组合使用，使得在煤炭地下气化过程中不仅可以不间断地连续注入氧化剂，实现真正连续运行的煤炭地下气化过程，而且可以安全稳定地使用高浓度氧化剂如纯氧，从而可以获得高质量且质量稳定的产品气，为现有技术带来了进步。
按照本发明，当采用回退法进行煤炭地下气化过程时，由于利用了本发明的氧化剂注入设备，不再需要在中断氧化剂注入的情况下移动氧化剂喷嘴的繁琐拆装操作，相对而言操作起来更为灵活方便，从而可以大幅缩短现有技术回退法的回退周期和/或回退距离，甚至可以实现地下煤层内气化位置基本连续移动的煤炭地下气化过程。
因此，按照本发明，可以实现短周期小距离回退的回退法煤炭地下气化过程，所述回退周期可以由现有技术的至少30天大幅缩短至两周，甚至缩短至几天，更甚至缩短至1天，而所述回退距离可以由现有技术 的50米大幅缩短至10米，甚至缩短至5米，更甚至缩短至1米，由此可以实现地下煤层内气化位置基本连续移动的煤炭地下气化过程，这无疑将使所产生的产品气的质量更好和更稳定，为现有技术带来了进步。
附图说明
下面参考附图来进一步描述本发明，其中：
图1给出了位于地下注入井内衬管内的本发明的氧化剂注入设备的一部分的示意图；
图2给出了利用图1所示氧化剂注入设备实施煤炭地下气化过程点火操作的示意图，其中点火装置连接到氧化剂喷嘴上(已经移除了氧化剂喷嘴上的气动保护塞)；
图3给出了本发明的煤炭地下气化方法的示意图(含地面和地下设备)。
在各附图中，相同的附图标记指相同部件。具体地，各附图中涉及的附图标记含义如下：
1、注入井内衬管；2、套管卡箍；3、气动保护塞；4、氧化剂喷嘴；5、分布式温度、压力和声波传感器(分别固定在注入井内衬管外部和连续油管外壁上)；6、机械剪切装置；7、止回阀；8、连续油管外部抓钩连接器；9、辅助通道(由连续油管与注入井内衬管之间的环隙形成)；10、氧化剂通道；11、连续油管；12、气化区方向；13、点火装置；14、注入井套管；15、井口冷却剂/空气注入口；16、井口备用冷却剂注入口；17、井口控制设备；18、连续油管卷筒(中心轴内连接仪表和数据传输线路)；19、旋转接头；20、地面氧化剂源管线。
具体实施方式
本发明提供了一种用于煤炭地下气化过程的氧化剂注入设备。特别地，本发明提供了一种在煤炭地下气化过程中可以连续注入高浓度氧化剂的设备，还提供了这种氧化剂注入设备在煤炭地下气化过程中的应用，具体可用于煤炭地下气化过程的点火及正常操作过程。
按照本发明，提供了一种用于煤炭地下气化过程的氧化剂注入设备，所述氧化剂注入设备包括氧化剂通道，所述氧化剂通道包括彼此按顺序气密性连通的旋转接头、连续油管、机械剪切装置和氧化剂喷嘴，其中所述机械剪切装置用于在必要时剪断氧化剂喷嘴以撤回连续油管，和其中所述旋转接头使地面氧化剂源与连续油管卷筒的中心轴气密性连通，由此即使在通过连续油管卷筒卷绕连续油管移动氧化剂喷嘴的过程中仍继续注入氧化剂。
按照本发明，在所述氧化剂注入设备中，所述旋转接头为适用于高压纯氧环境的密封性旋转接头，利用该旋转接头实现了地面氧化剂源与连续油管卷筒中心轴之间的气密性连通，从而可以在通过连续油管卷筒卷绕连续油管移动氧化剂喷嘴的过程中仍继续注入氧化剂，例如在回退法煤炭地下气化过程中利用连续油管回撤氧化剂喷嘴时，该旋转接头仍可确保高浓度氧化剂如纯氧的连续注入，从而实现了煤炭地下气化过程在时间上的连续性。
按照本发明，在所述氧化剂注入设备中，所述旋转接头可以为现有技术中所应用的任何合适的密封性旋转接头，例如US3884511和CN104279385B中所公开的旋转接头在经过适应性调整后就可以用于本发明，这些专利在此作为参考全文引入。
按照本发明，在所述氧化剂注入设备中，所述连续油管为氧化剂通道的主要组成部分，主要用于输送氧化剂以及移送氧化剂喷嘴和点火设备到达地下煤层内的预定位置。
按照本发明，在所述氧化剂注入设备中，连续油管使用专门的连接器如外部抓钩连接器与其它部件有效连接，这种连接器为非焊接方式连接并可提供气密性密封，例如在操作压力范围内提供良好的密封，因此，利用这种外部抓钩连接器可以容易地更换和维修氧化剂通道内的其它部件。
连续油管为高度气密性部件，由此可以避免高浓度氧化剂如纯氧在使用过程中由于泄漏等引起的安全问题。连续油管通常卷绕在连续油管卷筒上，在作业状态下通过连续油管卷筒卷绕实现连续油管的释放和回 撤。在连续油管卷筒上设有中心轴，该中心轴与连续油管主体内部连通，上述旋转接头就是经连续油管卷筒的中心轴使氧化剂源与连续油管主体内部连通并由此实现在连续油管卷筒卷绕连续油管过程中连续供应氧化剂的。
连续油管及其卷筒的选择应确保连续油管可以抵达煤层及煤层内部井孔延伸长度。连续油管的外径一般根据预先计算好的静态液压流量和允许的压降进行选择。连续油管的材质及壁厚一般根据所用冷却剂的性质、预期的煤炭地下气化过程运行周期、预计进出地下煤层的次数和氧化剂流量等进行选择，一般可以使用316L不锈钢或更高级材料以满足其耐腐蚀、耐侵蚀和抗氧化等要求。
在连续油管外壁上可以布置温度、压力和声波传感器，这些传感器的终端一般设置在连续油管卷筒的中心轴内，由此这些传感器的检测点可以随连续油管一直延伸和分布到地下煤层，和在连续油管卷筒内部通常装有无线传输装置，以将所测得的信号传回控制系统。连续油管卷筒的中心轴一般也要专门设计和制造并彻底清洁以满足高浓度氧化剂如纯氧环境的要求。
按照本发明，在所述氧化剂注入设备中，所述机械剪切装置为一种自断机构，用于在必要时剪断氧化剂喷嘴以撤回连续油管，例如在氧化剂喷嘴由于故障如变形或扭曲等被卡在注入井内衬管内或者由于注入井内衬管熔融而被卡死无法移动时，然后视情况可以在维修和/或更换氧化剂喷嘴后继续作业。
由于结合了机械剪切装置，可以确保氧化剂注入设备的大部分部件在必要时如氧化剂喷嘴发生故障后可以被撤回地面以及时维修和/或更换，从而在一定程度上减少了煤炭地下气化过程中的设备损耗。
按照本发明，在所述氧化剂注入设备中，在氧化剂通道内在所述连续油管和机械剪切装置之间还可以连接有一个或多个止回阀，其中多个止回阀主要用于备用，所述止回阀主要用于阻止逆向气流进入连续油管，以使氧化剂注入设备中相关部件保持清洁并在地面井口移除或回撤设备时提供安全保护，所述止回阀可以是本领域技术人员已知适用于高浓度 氧化剂如纯氧环境的任何类型的止回阀，例如可以为弹簧挡板阀或球+弹簧型等。
按照本发明，在所述氧化剂注入设备中，在氧化剂通道端部为氧化剂喷嘴，氧化剂由此分布进入地下煤层。因此，氧化剂喷嘴是本发明的氧化剂注入设备的关键部件，通常也是故障发生位置，必须仔细设计和使用。
按照本发明，所述氧化剂喷嘴必须适合于可能为高温、高压和高速流动的高浓度氧化剂如纯氧环境以及地下煤层燃烧区附近的高温环境；所述氧化剂喷嘴的材料必须适当选择，例如可以选自黄铜、铬镍铁合金和蒙乃尔铜-镍合金等；所述氧化剂喷嘴的外部形状必须尽可能平滑地过渡，即其任何外部尺寸变化都是逐渐过渡的渐变过程，以便能够在注入井内衬管内顺利移动，而且所述氧化剂喷嘴要有足够壁厚，以在提供接触面积和强度的同时满足散热和冷却要求，并抵御可能出现的任何回烧，由此保证氧化剂喷嘴的完整性和可靠性。
按照本发明，所述氧化剂喷嘴的内部通道要适合高浓度氧化剂如纯氧流动，所述内部通道必须干净，不能有微粒或碳氢化合物污染，且所述内部通道表面通常要经过符合纯氧作业要求的特殊加工；另外，所述氧化剂喷嘴的外径还可以设计为可调节的，由此可以通过调节氧化剂喷嘴外径调节注入井内衬管与氧化剂喷嘴之间的环隙来控制冷却剂的流速，进而加快或减慢从氧化剂喷嘴处带走热量。
按照本发明，所述氧化剂喷嘴可以为带有一个或多个孔的喷嘴头，其中带有一个孔的单孔喷嘴头的孔尺寸通常基于出口最大喷射速度确定，而最大化喷射速度有利于在氧化剂流中夹带更多冷却剂直接进入气化区，和带有多个孔的多孔喷嘴头的多个孔可以按中心和外周分布，其中外周各孔可以与中心孔平行使得喷出的氧化剂以狭窄聚焦的方式注入到气化区，或者外周各孔可以按照与中心孔成一定角度如5-35°角、优选8-20°角向外发散，使得喷出的氧化剂以更大覆盖面进入气化区；另外，所述氧化剂喷嘴还可以在喷嘴头端部附近加上专门设计的微型导流纹路如微型文丘里纹路，具体可以在接近喷嘴头端部2-20mm、优选3-15mm处 设有微型文丘里纹路，用于引导冷却剂到达所述喷嘴头上的孔以实施冷却保护。
按照本发明，所述氧化剂喷嘴还可以带有气动保护塞，所述气动保护塞一般为圆形，放置在氧化剂喷嘴顶端，用于在非作业状态下保护氧化剂喷嘴，在开始注入氧化剂时可以被高压氧化剂流吹掉而不会防碍氧化剂注入。
按照本发明，在采用回退法的煤炭地下气化过程中，所述氧化剂喷嘴可以通过连续油管卷筒卷绕连续油管而在注入井内衬管内定期回退确定距离，从而可以将注入井内衬管周围的地下煤藏逐段全部消耗掉，仅留下煤灰。
本发明还提供了一种煤炭地下气化方法，其中在地下煤层中设有用于煤炭地下气化的完井系统，其中利用本发明的氧化剂注入设备经注入井向地下煤层连续注入高浓度氧化剂，其中所述高浓度氧化剂为包含至少80vol％氧、优选至少90vol％氧的富氧空气或纯氧，其中还利用由所述氧化剂注入设备的连续油管与注入井内衬管之间的环隙形成的辅助通道同时注入冷却剂，所述冷却剂为水、水蒸汽或二氧化碳，此时该冷却剂同时用作煤气化过程的气化剂。
因此，当利用本发明的氧化剂注入设备进行煤炭地下气化时，连续油管与注入井内衬管之间的环隙可以用作辅助通道，除冷却剂外，该辅助通道还可以用于在需要时向地下煤层注入其它所需试剂，其中其它所需试剂可以包括例如气化剂和点火氧化剂等。
按照本发明，在所述煤炭地下气化方法中，通过所述辅助通道注入地下煤层的冷却剂主要有以下功能：可通过换热作用移除氧化剂喷嘴周围的热量而避免氧化剂喷嘴温度过高；在采用回退法进行煤炭地下气化过程中利用连续油管回撤氧化剂喷嘴时，可以通过减少冷却剂的注入流量，例如减小冷却剂流量10-80％，加快氧化剂喷嘴前方注入井内衬管部分的燃烧速率；和当使用水或水蒸汽或二氧化碳作为冷却剂时，它们可同时用作煤炭地下气化过程的气化剂。
例如，当使用水作为冷却剂时，它将在氧化剂喷嘴附近及下游气化 区内转化为水蒸汽，此时可通过控制水蒸汽比例来控制过程温度，使得含碳氢化合物的固体(碳)、液体(煤的挥发分和热解液体)和气体(煤层气、热解蒸气及合成气)更多地被气化(部分氧化)而非燃烧(完全氧化)。
按照本发明，在所述煤炭地下气化方法中，使用包含至少80vol％氧、优选至少90vol％氧的富氧空气或纯氧作为氧化剂，这种高浓度氧化剂可以提供质量如热值更高的产品气，但条件是必须同时使用冷却剂，所述冷却剂可以为水、水蒸汽或二氧化碳，优选为水或二氧化碳，这些冷却剂可同时用作煤气化过程的气化剂，由此优化了整个煤炭地下气化过程。
按照本发明，在所述煤炭地下气化方法中，优选使用纯氧作为氧化剂和使用水或二氧化碳作为冷却剂，此时所述冷却剂与纯氧优选以一定的摩尔比注入，具体地，作为冷却剂注入的水或二氧化碳与作为氧化剂注入的纯氧的摩尔比可以为0.5-6.0，优选为1.0-5.0，和更优选为1.5-4.0。
按照本发明，在所述煤炭地下气化方法中，在注入井垂直段套管外部、注入井内衬管外部、连续油管外壁和氧化剂喷嘴上都可以分别固定有温度、压力和声波传感器，用于获取地下煤层的温度、压力和声波信号并反馈给井口附近的控制系统。
按照本发明，所述温度、压力和声波传感器均可以为基于光纤时域反射测量技术(Optical Time-Domain Reflectometry--OTDR)的分布式感应光纤，所述光纤均可以由井口附近或连续油管卷筒的中心轴开始一直延伸到目标测量点，以获取相应的温度曲线、压力曲线和声波曲线用于监测氧化剂注入位置、燃烧区位置、地下煤层消耗情况、气化区的温度和压力以及井系统完整性等，从而控制煤炭地下气化过程，和温度传感器还可以为双金属护套K型双探头热电偶，例如可以在氧化剂喷嘴处附加或替代地使用双金属护套K型双探头热电偶，以获取该点温度并基于该温度控制冷却剂流量。
具体地，按照本发明，各温度、压力和声波传感器的功能描述如下：
固定在注入井垂直段套管外部的温度、压力和声波传感器主要作为安全保护系统的数据来源，在温度过高、压力过高(例如当所述位置温 度和/或压力达到临界值或超过设计安全值时)时，可自动停止系统运行；
固定在注入井内衬管外部的温度、压力和声波传感器主要用于监测地下煤层内气化区的温度和压力，这些传感器一般经地面井口附近的仪表端口一直延伸到气化区，和将测量结果反馈给控制系统并储存到数据库，一般地，当气化区温度＞600℃，例如为600-1200℃时，可以认为沿注入井内衬管的煤层正在被气化，而该温度高于1,200℃时则主要发生煤燃烧，另外当沿着注入井内衬管的地下煤层全部被消耗时，亦可自动停止系统运行；
固定在连续油管外壁上的温度、压力和声波传感器可以从连续油管卷筒的中心轴一直延伸到氧化剂喷嘴，这些传感器与无线传输设备连接，将测量结果反馈给控制系统并储存到数据库，其中，温度和压力传感器主要用于监测连续油管上的温度分布、氧化剂喷嘴处的温度和地下煤层内气化区的压力，和声波传感器主要用来确认氧化剂喷嘴的位置，控制系统可基于声波信号随时应对相关问题以确保井系统完整；和
在氧化剂喷嘴上还可以附加或替代地固定双金属护套K型双探头热电偶，以获得该点温度并基于该温度控制冷却剂注入流量。
按照本发明，基于如上所述设计的温度、压力和声波信号采集系统，可以实现对整个煤炭地下气化过程的良好控制。
按照本发明，对于设在地下煤层内的完井系统来说，井系统(包括注入井和产出井)的内衬管可以采用本领域通常应用的任何合适连接方式连接在一起，例如可以采用焊接、螺纹、卡箍沟槽、法兰、卡套或卡压等连接方式，所遵循的原则是确保最终完井系统性能最好。
按照本发明，对于所述完井系统来说，注入井内衬管是很重要的组成部分，它的功能完好是整个煤炭地下气化过程顺利进行的重要保证。
具体地，注入井内衬管的功能主要体现在以下方面：首先，注入井内衬管是煤炭地下气化过程中流体流动和设备如氧化剂喷嘴移动的重要通道；其次，注入井内衬管和煤层钻孔之间的环隙在用惰性气体吹扫后亦可用作流动通道，例如，若煤层非常干燥和/或气化过程需要更多气化剂时，可以通过该通道注入附加气化剂；再次，为了监控地下煤层的 消耗位置和相关工艺参数，可以在注入井内衬管外壁上固定分布式温度、压力和声波传感器，以提供相应的温度、压力和声波信号分布曲线。
按照本发明，注入井内衬管的材料一般可以依据地下地层静岩压和静水压选择；注入井内衬管的内径一般与氧化剂喷嘴的最大外径相匹配，当氧化剂喷嘴外径可调节时，可以通过调节二者之间的环隙来控制冷却剂流速，从而可以加快或减慢从氧化剂喷嘴及其周围带走热量；注入井内衬管内壁与连续油管之间的环隙一般基于冷却剂最大流量确定，以满足冷却剂流量要求；和注入井内衬管通常延伸到地下煤层的底部附近和在可能存在的夹矸层上方，一般地，注入井内衬管要尽可能接近地下煤层的底部，但不能跃出煤层进入下伏岩层，当存在夹矸层时，要位于夹矸层上方，此时在所述内衬管和夹矸层之间优选有约1米厚的连续煤层，无煤层厚度优选要小于15厘米，更优选小于10厘米。
按照本发明，注入井内衬管和产出井内衬管在端部一般要彼此交汇，并且在交汇段注入井内衬管和产出井内衬管都要开孔，以利于所产生的产品气通过注入井内衬管进入产出井内衬管和最后由产出井移除。
在这种情况下，对于注入井内衬管和产出井内衬管来说，开孔段长度可以各自独立地为1-3、优选2个完整管段，开孔孔径一般为5-35mm、优选10-25mm，所述开孔一般交错间隔排布，和开孔总面积可以为开孔段管壁面积的5-35％、优选10-30％；另外，其中以完整管段计一般在距离接箍至少0.5米远处开始开孔，以利于保持整个管段的强度。
按照本发明，所述煤炭地下气化方法优选采用回退法进行。在这种情况下，所述气化过程通常从接近产出井内衬管端部的位置开始，其中最初通过配置在氧化剂喷嘴端部的气动装置接口(通常具有预定气动压力)，将点火装置连接到氧化剂喷嘴上并移送到预定点火位置，之后利用氧化剂流或压力激活以启动点火，其中所述点火装置一般以延迟方式启动，以提供足够的时间回退氧化剂喷嘴使其离开点火位置和到达安全位置，从而远离点火装置点火时释放的高能量和高热量，和其中在点火阶段，还通过由连续油管与注入井内衬管之间的环隙形成的辅助通道注 入空气如≤300Nm3/h的低流量空气用作点火氧化剂，而在点火完成后，则停止注入空气和开始注入冷却剂，同时通过氧化剂通道注入氧化剂。
按照本发明，当采用回退法进行煤炭地下气化过程时，在点火成功开始煤炭地下气化过程后，一般定期通过连续油管卷筒卷绕连续油管使氧化剂喷嘴回退确定距离来继续所述气化过程，而由于本发明氧化剂注入设备的操作灵活性和氧化剂注入连续性，其中回退周期和回退距离都可以大幅缩短，例如回退周期可以达到最短为1天，由此可以每天回退氧化剂喷嘴1-10米、优选1-5米和更优选1-3米来改变地下煤层内的气化位置，并且可以在氧化剂喷嘴回退过程中仍继续注入氧化剂如纯氧和冷却剂，从而实现煤炭地下气化过程在时间上的真正连续和在地下煤层空间内的基本连续。
按照本发明，当采用回退法进行煤炭地下气化过程时，在氧化剂喷嘴回退过程中，可以基于注入井内衬管的材质、壁厚及其预测燃烧速度相应地减小冷却剂流量和/或加大氧化剂如纯氧流量，例如可以减小冷却剂流量10-80％和/或加大纯氧流量10-20％，以加快氧化剂喷嘴前方注入井内衬管部分的燃烧速率，从而更快地暴露出新鲜煤层用于气化，这个过程将一直持续直到沿注入井内衬管的地下煤层完全被消耗。
因此，按照本发明，对于整个氧化剂注入设备的改进实现了对煤炭地下气化过程的有效控制。
下面参考附图进一步描述本发明的实施方案。
图1给出了位于注入井内衬管内的本发明的氧化剂注入设备的一部分的示意图。在图1中，氧化剂喷嘴4与机械剪切装置6相连，该机械剪切装置保证氧化剂喷嘴被卡在注入井内衬管1内时能断开氧化剂喷嘴以将设备其余部分撤回地面；机械剪切装置6与止回阀7相连，该止回阀用于阻止逆向气流进入连续油管，从而避免所述设备被污染并在地面井口移除或回撤设备时提供安全保护；止回阀7与连续油管11经外部抓钩连接器8相连；分布式温度、压力和声波传感器5分别固定在注入井内衬管外部和连续油管外壁上，以提供整个煤炭地下气化过程的热活动信号、沿气化区方向12的煤炭消耗情况以及氧化剂喷嘴4的位置； 当氧化剂注入设备进入地下时，安装在氧化剂喷嘴4前端的气动保护塞3可以防止污染物侵入氧化剂喷嘴，并有利于整个氧化剂注入设备平滑移动；在连续油管内为氧化剂通道10，其中氧化剂流到氧化剂喷嘴4后进入气化区；在注入井内衬管与连续油管之间的环隙为辅助通道9，其中可以通入冷却剂为氧化剂喷嘴提供冷却，亦可以通入气化剂。
图2给出了利用图1所示氧化剂注入设备实施煤炭地下气化过程点火操作的示意图。如图2所示，其中图1中的气动保护塞3被移除，和可通过压力激活/气动分离的点火装置13连接到氧化剂喷嘴上。在该实施方案中，首先利用本发明的氧化剂注入设备把点火装置13输送到预定点火位置，和然后通过注入氧化剂压力激活和断开点火装置13进行点火。
图3给出了本发明的煤炭地下气化方法的示意图(含地面和地下设备)。如图3所示，其中利用图1所示的氧化剂注入设备来实施煤炭地下气化过程，其中连续油管11经连续油管卷筒18释放，在井口控制设备17控制下通过注入井套管14内部的注入井内衬管1，将与之相连的氧化剂喷嘴送到气化区；连续油管11的起始端在连续油管卷筒18的中心轴内(图中未示出)；旋转接头19连接地面的氧化剂源管线20和连续油管11的起始端，该旋转接头可以确保在连续油管卷筒卷绕连续油管的过程中仍继续注入氧化剂。
本发明并不局限于以上所述实施方案，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本发明还可以有各种变化和调整，只要不偏离本发明的精神和原则，所述变化和调整均应在本发明范围内。

Claims (15)

  1. 一种用于煤炭地下气化过程的氧化剂注入设备，所述氧化剂注入设备包括氧化剂通道，所述氧化剂通道包括彼此按顺序气密性连通的旋转接头、连续油管、机械剪切装置和氧化剂喷嘴，其中所述机械剪切装置用于在必要时剪断氧化剂喷嘴以撤回连续油管，和其中所述旋转接头使地面氧化剂源与连续油管卷筒的中心轴气密性连通，由此即使在通过连续油管卷筒卷绕连续油管移动氧化剂喷嘴的过程中仍继续注入氧化剂。
  2. 权利要求1的氧化剂注入设备，其中所述氧化剂通道还包括连接在所述连续油管和机械剪切装置之间的一个或多个止回阀，用于阻止逆向气流进入连续油管。
  3. 权利要求1或2的氧化剂注入设备，其中在所述氧化剂通道内所述连续油管通过外部抓钩连接器与其它部件有效连接，所述外部抓钩连接器实现非焊接连接和提供气密性密封。
  4. 权利要求1-3任一项的氧化剂注入设备，其中所述氧化剂喷嘴的内部通道适合高浓度氧化剂流动，所述氧化剂喷嘴的外径可调节，和所述氧化剂喷嘴还带有气动保护塞，用于保护氧化剂喷嘴和在开始注入氧化剂时被高压氧化剂流吹掉。
  5. 权利要求4的氧化剂注入设备，其中所述氧化剂喷嘴为带有一个或多个孔的喷嘴头，其中带有一个孔的单孔喷嘴头的孔尺寸基于出口最大喷射速度确定，带有多个孔的多孔喷嘴头的多个孔按中心和外周分布且外周各孔与中心孔平行或按照与中心孔成5-35°角、优选8-20°角向外发散，和所述喷嘴头在接近其端部2-20mm、优选3-15mm处设有微型文丘里纹路，用于引导冷却剂到达所述喷嘴头上的孔以实施冷却保护。
  6. 一种煤炭地下气化方法，其中在地下煤层中设有用于煤炭地下气化的完井系统，其中利用权利要求1-5任一项的氧化剂注入设备经注入井向地下煤层连续注入高浓度氧化剂，其中所述高浓度氧化剂为包含至少80vol％氧、优选至少90vol％氧的富氧空气或纯氧，其中还利用由所述氧化剂注入设备的连续油管与注入井内衬管之间的环隙形成的辅助通道 同时注入冷却剂，所述冷却剂为水、水蒸汽或二氧化碳，此时该冷却剂同时用作煤气化过程的气化剂。
  7. 权利要求6的方法，其中在注入井垂直段套管外部、注入井内衬管外部、连续油管外壁和氧化剂喷嘴上分别固定有温度、压力和声波传感器，用于获取地下煤层的温度、压力和声波信号并反馈给井口附近的控制系统。
  8. 权利要求7的方法，其中所述温度、压力和声波传感器均为基于光纤时域反射测量技术的分布式感应光纤，所述光纤由井口附近或连续油管卷筒的中心轴开始一直延伸到目标测量点，和在氧化剂喷嘴出口处附加或替代地使用双金属护套K型双探头热电偶，以获取该点温度并基于该温度控制冷却剂注入流量。
  9. 权利要求6-8任一项的方法，其中注入井内衬管的内径与氧化剂喷嘴最大外径匹配，其内壁与连续油管之间的环隙基于冷却剂最大流量确定，和注入井内衬管延伸到地下煤层底部附近和可能存在的夹矸层上方。
  10. 权利要求6-9任一项的方法，其中注入井内衬管和产出井内衬管在端部交汇，和在交汇段注入井内衬管和产出井内衬管均开孔，以利于所产生的产品气通过注入井内衬管进入产出井内衬管和最后由产出井移除。
  11. 权利要求10的方法，其中注入井内衬管和产出井内衬管上的开孔段长度各自独立地为1-3、优选2个完整管段，开孔孔径为5-35mm、优选10-25mm，所述开孔交错间隔排布，和开孔总面积为开孔段管壁面积的5-35％、优选10-30％。
  12. 权利要求6-11任一项的方法，其中使用纯氧作为氧化剂和使用水或二氧化碳作为冷却剂，作为冷却剂注入的水或二氧化碳与作为氧化剂注入的纯氧的摩尔比为0.5-6.0，优选为1.0-5.0，和更优选为1.5-4.0。
  13. 权利要求12的方法，其中采用回退法进行煤炭地下气化过程，所述气化过程从接近产出井内衬管端部的位置开始，其中最初通过配置在氧化剂喷嘴端部的气动装置接口将点火装置连接到氧化剂喷嘴上并移送到预定点火位置，之后利用氧化剂流或压力激活以延迟方式启动点火，以提供足够的时间回退氧化剂喷嘴使其离开点火位置和到达安全位置，和 其中在点火阶段利用所述辅助通道注入空气用作点火氧化剂。
  14. 权利要求13的方法，其中在点火成功开始煤炭地下气化过程后，定期通过连续油管卷筒卷绕连续油管使氧化剂喷嘴回退确定距离来继续所述气化过程，其中回退周期最短为1天，和每次回退距离最短为1米，和其中在氧化剂喷嘴回退过程中仍继续注入纯氧和冷却剂，从而实现煤炭地下气化过程的连续运行。
  15. 权利要求14的方法，其中在氧化剂喷嘴回退过程中，基于注入井内衬管的材质、壁厚及其预测燃烧速度相应地减小冷却剂流量和/或加大纯氧流量，以加快氧化剂喷嘴前方注入井内衬管部分的燃烧速率，从而暴露出新鲜煤层用于气化。
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