WO2018030502A1 - 高強度鋼板およびその製造方法 - Google Patents
高強度鋼板およびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2018030502A1 WO2018030502A1 PCT/JP2017/029036 JP2017029036W WO2018030502A1 WO 2018030502 A1 WO2018030502 A1 WO 2018030502A1 JP 2017029036 W JP2017029036 W JP 2017029036W WO 2018030502 A1 WO2018030502 A1 WO 2018030502A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/46—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for sheet metals
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- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/38—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese
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- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/01—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic
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- C21D1/26—Methods of annealing
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- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
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- C21D8/0236—Cold rolling
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- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
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- C21D8/0247—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the heat treatment
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- C22C38/24—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with vanadium
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- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
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- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
- C23C2/04—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor characterised by the coating material
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- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
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- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/005—Ferrite
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- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/008—Martensite
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a high-strength steel plate and a method for producing the same.
- Patent Document 2 by mass, C: 0.03 to 0.30%, Si: 0.1 to 3.0%, Mn: 0.1 to 5.0%, P: 0.1% or less, S: 0.1% or less, N: 0.01% or less, Al: 0.01 to 1.00%, with the balance being composed of iron and inevitable impurities, with a hardness of more than 380 and 450 Hv or less
- the tempered martensite has an area ratio of 70% or more and the balance is composed of ferrite, and by defining the particle size distribution of cementite particles in the tempered martensite, the balance between elongation and stretch flangeability is excellent. It is said that a high-strength cold-rolled steel sheet can be obtained.
- Patent Document 3 by mass, C: 0.05% to 0.5%, Si: 0.01% to 2.5%, Mn: 0.5% to 3.5%, P: 0.003% to 0.100%, S: 0.02% or less, Al: 0.010% to 0.5%, B: 0.0002% to 0.005%, Ti: 0.05 %, And satisfying Ti> 4N, the balance being Fe and inevitable impurities, tempered martensite with an area ratio of 60% to 95%, and an area ratio of 5% to 20% High-strength melt excellent in moldability and impact resistance by including a retained austenite having an average particle size of 5 ⁇ m or less and having a structure in which the average particle size of the tempered martensite is 5 ⁇ m or less. It is said that a galvanized steel sheet is obtained.
- the component composition is, by mass, C: more than 0.10% to less than 0.18%, Si: 0.01 to 1.00%, Mn: 1.5 to 4.0%, P : 0.100% or less, S: 0.020% or less, Al: 0.010 to 0.500%, Cr: 0.010 to 2.000%, Nb: 0.005 to 0.100%, Ti: 0.005 to 0.100%, B: more than 0.0005% to 0.0030% or less, with the balance being a component composition composed of Fe and inevitable impurities, and microstructure having an area ratio of 0 to 10% Ferrite, martensite with an area ratio of 15-60%, tempered martensite with an area ratio of 20-50%, bainitic ferrite with an area ratio of 20-50%, bulk martensite, tempered martensite and bainitic ferrite Average grain size Is 15 ⁇ m or less, the value obtained by subtracting the area ratio of tempered martensite from the area ratio of bainitic ferrite is 20% or less, and the area ratio of mar
- Patent Document 1 may have insufficient strength and bendability. Moreover, in the technique proposed in Patent Document 1, the target structure is obtained by performing two-stage cooling with different cooling rates during annealing, but water cooling is required for the latter-stage cooling. Since automobile parts and the like are used in a corrosive environment, it is desirable that the plating characteristics are good. However, since water cannot be put in the plating bath when water adheres to the steel sheet surface, Patent Document 1 discloses a hot-dip plated steel sheet. Not applicable to
- Patent Document 2 it is considered necessary to control C, which has a diffusion rate that is significantly faster than that of substitutional elements, and to control the grain growth of cementite in tempered martensite. It does not disclose how to control and is considered impossible to implement.
- the surface layer and the surface layer structure at the center are not optimal for bendability.
- the retained austenite phase is a highly ductile structure.
- the retained austenite easily undergoes processing-induced transformation in a plate thickness surface layer subjected to extremely severe processing, and the martensite phase after transformation may adversely affect bendability.
- Nb-containing Nb carbonitride may adversely affect bendability.
- Bainitic ferrite and bainite increase the interfacial length between iron having a soft bcc structure and hard cementite, and microcracks due to interfacial delamination between iron having a bcc structure and cementite may occur during bending. Increases nature.
- the present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide a high-strength steel sheet having a tensile strength of 980 MPa or more and good formability, and a method for producing the same.
- the present inventors diligently studied the requirements for a high-strength steel sheet having a tensile strength of 980 MPa or more and having good formability.
- a tensile strength of 980 MPa attention was paid to a tempered martensite phase excellent in both strength and workability.
- defects such as cracking and local necking were observed under severe bending conditions. Therefore, as a result of investigating the requirements to improve bendability, it was found that dislocations were generated by utilizing the transformation strain accompanying martensitic transformation, or the strain concentration was disturbed because the stress concentration during bending was hindered. did.
- a specific amount of a fine ferrite phase having a specific component composition and a specific particle size is present, the area ratio of the tempered martensite phase, and the tempered martensite phase and ferrite phase or tempered If the interface length with the martensite phase is in a specific range, the effect of introducing transformation strain due to the martensite phase that has not been tempered is increased, and a high strength steel sheet having a tensile strength of 980 MPa or more and good formability can be obtained. It became clear. Moreover, it became clear that this high-strength steel plate also has good hot-dip plating properties.
- the present invention has been completed based on the above findings, and the gist thereof is as follows.
- the balance is composed of Fe and inevitable impurities, the average grain size of the ferrite phase is 1.5 ⁇ m or less, the area ratio of the ferrite phase is 2% or more and 15% or less, and the area ratio of the tempered martensite phase is 75% or more and 96% or less, tempered malt sugar per unit area Phase and a ferrite phase and the interfacial length and tempering total value 6.3 ⁇ 10 8 of the interface length of martensite phase which is not returned martensite tempering [mu] m / m 2 or more 5.0 ⁇ 10 11
- a high-strength steel sheet having a size of ⁇ m / m 2 or less.
- V 0.001% to 0.3%
- Cu 0.001% to 0.1%
- Ni 0.001% to 0.000% by mass.
- the hot-dip plated layer is, by mass%, Fe: 5.0% or more and 20.0% or less, Al: 0.001% or more and 1.0% or less, and Pb, Sb, Si, Sn, Mg, 1 type or 2 types or more selected from Mn, Ni, Cr, Co, Ca, Cu, Li, Ti, Be, Bi, and REM are contained in a total of 0% to 3.5%, with the balance being Zn and
- a steel material having the composition described in [1] or [2] is heated at 1100 ° C. or higher and 1300 ° C. or lower, subjected to hot rolling at a finish rolling of 820 ° C. or higher, and 3 after finishing rolling. After cooling within seconds, cooling from the finish rolling temperature to 700 ° C. at an average cooling rate of 30 ° C./s or more and less than 80 ° C./s, cooling to the winding temperature at an average cooling rate of 10 ° C./s or less, and winding A hot rolling step of winding at a temperature of 580 ° C. or higher and 680 ° C. or lower, a cold rolling step of performing cold rolling after the hot rolling step, and a temperature of 500 ° C.
- “high strength” means tensile strength (TS): 980 MPa or more.
- the “high strength steel plate” is a cold-rolled steel plate or a hot-dip steel plate having a hot-dip plated layer on the surface of the cold-rolled steel plate.
- “Hot-plated steel sheet” includes not only hot-dip steel sheets but also galvannealed steel sheets.
- the high-strength steel sheet of the present invention has high tensile strength (TS): 980 MPa or more and excellent formability. Therefore, if the high-strength steel sheet of the present invention is applied to automobile parts, particularly automobile frame members, further weight reduction of the automobile parts can be realized. Moreover, since the high-strength steel sheet of the present invention is also excellent in hot dip plating, it can be a hot-dip galvanized steel sheet that has both high strength and excellent formability and has suppressed the occurrence of unplated portions.
- composition of the high-strength steel sheet of the present invention is, by mass%, C: 0.07% to 0.14%, Si: 0.65% to 1.65%, Mn: 1.8% to 2. 6% or less, P: 0.05% or less, S: 0.005% or less, Al: 0.08% or less, N: 0.0060% or less, Ti: 0.005% or more and 0.030% or less, B : 0.0002% or more and 0.0030% or less; Cr: 0.01% or more and 0.40% or less; and Mo: 0.01% or more and 0.50% or less.
- the following equation (1) is satisfied.
- C 0.07% or more and 0.14% or less C is related to the formation of martensite phase and tempered martensite phase that have not been tempered and the strength thereof.
- Tensile strength In order to obtain 980 MPa or more, it is necessary to contain at least C content of 0.07% or more. On the other hand, if the C content exceeds 0.14%, coarse cementite is formed and the bendability is lowered. Therefore, in the present invention, the C content is 0.07% or more and 0.14% or less.
- About the minimum of C content Preferably it is 0.08% or more, More preferably, it is 0.09% or more, More preferably, it is 0.10% or more.
- the upper limit of the C content is preferably 0.13% or less, more preferably 0.12% or less, and still more preferably 0.1% or less. 11% or less.
- Si 0.65% or more and 1.65% or less Si is an element that increases work hardening ability and contributes to improvement of bendability. Si is also involved in the formation of ferrite phase, and the high-strength steel sheet of the present invention is annealed by rapid heating when manufacturing. However, when Si is less than 0.65%, a desired ferrite phase area ratio can be obtained stably. It becomes difficult to bend and the bendability is lowered. From the above, in order to obtain the bendability required in the present invention, it is necessary to contain Si at least 0.65% or more. On the other hand, when Si exceeds 1.65%, an adverse effect on the plating property becomes obvious. Therefore, in the present invention, the Si content is 1.65% or less.
- the lower limit of the Si content is preferably 0.80% or more, more preferably 0.90% or more, and further preferably 1.00% or more.
- the upper limit of the Si content is preferably 1.60% or less, more preferably 1.50% or less, and still more preferably 1.40% or less.
- Mn 1.8% or more and 2.6% or less Mn is an element that increases the hardenability and contributes to the suppression of the formation of a coarse ferrite phase.
- Mn needs to be contained in an amount of 1.8% or more.
- Mn lowers the Ms point, if the amount of Mn is too large, the tempered martensite phase defined in the present invention cannot be obtained.
- Mn lowers the martensite transformation start temperature, an extremely high cooling rate is required for cooling to a cooling stop temperature (Ms-150 ° C.) or lower in the annealing process when manufacturing the high-strength steel sheet of the present invention. Become.
- the Mn content is 1.8% or more and 2.6% or less.
- the lower limit of the Mn content is preferably 1.9% or more, more preferably 2.0% or more, and further preferably 2.1% or more.
- the upper limit of the Mn content is preferably 2.5% or less, more preferably 2.4% or less, and further preferably 2.3% or less.
- P 0.05% or less
- P is an element that segregates at the grain boundary and deteriorates the bendability.
- the P content is acceptable up to 0.05% or less.
- the P content is 0.05% or less, preferably 0.04% or less. Although it is desirable to reduce the P content as much as possible, 0.002% may be inevitably mixed in production.
- S 0.005% or less S forms coarse MnS in steel, which extends during hot rolling to become wedge-shaped inclusions, which adversely affects bendability.
- the S content is acceptable up to 0.005%.
- the S content is 0.005% or less, preferably 0.003% or less. Although it is desirable to reduce the S content as much as possible, 0.0002% may be inevitably mixed in production.
- Al content is preferably 0.02% or more. More preferably, it is 0.03% or more.
- Al forms an oxide that deteriorates bendability. Therefore, in this invention, Al content is 0.08% or less, Preferably it is 0.07% or less. More preferably, it is 0.06% or less, More preferably, it is 0.05% or less.
- N 0.0060% or less
- N is a harmful element that adversely affects bendability by combining with Ti or B to form coarse inclusions, lowers hardenability, and prevents the formation of a fine ferrite phase. It is.
- the N content is acceptable up to 0.0060%.
- the N content is preferably 0.0050% or less. More preferably, it is 0.0040% or less. It is desirable to reduce the N content as much as possible, but 0.0005% may be inevitably mixed in production.
- Ti 0.005% or more and 0.030% or less Ti is an element capable of fixing N, which is a harmful element, as a nitride, and preventing a decrease in hardenability due to N of B. In order to suppress a decrease in hardenability due to B, at least Ti needs to be contained by 0.005% or more. On the other hand, if Ti exceeds 0.030%, the bendability is lowered by the carbonitride containing coarse Ti. Therefore, in this invention, Ti content is 0.005% or more and 0.030% or less. Furthermore, it is preferable that the Ti content is 0.010% or more and 0.028% or less, and Nb which is an element that can form other coarse inclusions is limited to less than 0.003%.
- B 0.0002% or more and 0.0030% or less B is an element that improves hardenability and contributes to the formation of a fine ferrite phase. In order to obtain this effect, it is necessary to contain at least 0.0002% or more of B. On the other hand, if the B content exceeds 0.0030%, the bendability deteriorates due to the adverse effect of a decrease in ductility due to the solid solution B. Therefore, in the present invention, the B content is 0.0002% or more and 0.0030% or less.
- the lower limit of the B content is preferably 0.0005% or more, more preferably 0.0006% or more, and further preferably 0.0010% or more.
- the upper limit of the B content is preferably 0.0025% or less, more preferably 0.0020% or less, and still more preferably 0.0016% or less.
- Cr and Mo are elements that improve hardenability, and a fine ferrite phase It is an element that contributes to formation.
- it is necessary to contain 0.01% or more of Cr, 0.01% or more of Mo, or 0.01% or more of Cr and Mo.
- the above effect is saturated when Cr exceeds 0.40%, so the upper limit was made 0.40%.
- the Cr content exceeds 0.40%, the plateability is lowered, and a steel sheet having good plating properties cannot be obtained. Therefore, the content is preferably set to 0.40% or less from the viewpoint of plateability.
- the Cr content is 0.40% or less, and the Mo content is 0.50% or less.
- the lower limit of the Cr content is preferably 0.02% or more, more preferably 0.03% or more, and further preferably 0.04% or more.
- the upper limit of the Cr content is preferably 0.35% or less, more preferably 0.30% or less, and further preferably 0.20% or less.
- the lower limit of the Mo content is preferably 0.02% or more, more preferably 0.05% or more, and further preferably 0.10% or more.
- the upper limit of the Mo content is preferably 0.43% or less, more preferably 0.40% or less, and still more preferably 0.30% or less.
- the coefficient of Mo represents the magnitude of the effect of changing the C distribution density.
- a preferable range of the left side of the formula (1) is 2.1 or more. There is no upper limit of the formula (1), and it is determined by the upper limits of the Cr and Mo contents.
- the above is the basic composition of the component composition of the high-strength steel sheet according to the present invention.
- the high-strength steel sheet according to the present invention further includes, in mass%, V: 0.001% to 0.3%, Cu: 0.001. % Or more and 0.1% or less and Ni: 0.001% or more and 0.2% or less may be included.
- V, Cu and Ni are elements that contribute to further strengthening. By including these, strength stability is improved.
- V content is 0.3%
- the Cu content is 0.1%
- the Ni content is more than 0.2%
- the transformation point of the steel sheet changes, making it difficult to obtain the structure required in the present invention.
- a preferable V content is 0.01% or more and 0.2% or less
- a preferable Cu content is 0.01% or more and 0.08% or less
- a preferable Ni content is 0.01% or more and 0.1% or less.
- Components other than the above components are Fe and inevitable impurities.
- the component which may not be contained when the component which may not be contained is contained below a lower limit, the component shall be contained as an unavoidable impurity.
- the high strength steel plate of this invention satisfy
- Equation (2) is an approximate equation for the relationship of the upper limit of Cr that provides good plating properties when Si is changed. If it is the range which satisfy
- the metal structure of the high-strength steel sheet of the present invention has an average grain size of ferrite phase of 1.5 ⁇ m or less, an area ratio of ferrite phase of 2% to 15%, and an area ratio of tempered martensite phase of 75% to 96%.
- the total value of the interface length between the tempered martensite phase and the ferrite phase and the interface length between the tempered martensite phase and the tempered martensite phase per unit area is 6.3. ⁇ 10 8 ⁇ m / m 2 or more and 5.0 ⁇ 10 11 ⁇ m / m 2 or less.
- the average grain size of the ferrite phase is 1.5 ⁇ m or less, and the area ratio of the ferrite phase is 2% or more and 15% or less.
- the ferrite phase is a ductile structure and has an effect of improving bendability. When the structure has no ferrite phase, work hardening ability and ductility are insufficient, and cracking occurs due to insufficient ductility or stress concentration during bending. On the other hand, if the ferrite grains are coarse, the formation of a fine martensite phase that has not been tempered is inhibited, and the bendability is deteriorated.
- the average grain diameter of the ferrite phase is 1.5 ⁇ m or less, and the ferrite phase area ratio is Needs to be 2% or more and 15% or less.
- the average particle diameter of the ferrite phase is 1.2 ⁇ m or less, and the area ratio of the ferrite phase is 2% or more and 10% or less.
- the lower limit of the average particle diameter of the ferrite phase is not particularly limited.
- the average particle diameter of the ferrite phase is 0.1 ⁇ m or more.
- the area ratio of the tempered martensite phase is 75% or more and 96% or less.
- the tempered martensite phase is a structure in which fine iron-based carbides having orientation and corrosion marks are observed in crystal grains. Examples of the iron-based carbide include cementite, ⁇ carbide, ⁇ carbide, and ⁇ carbide.
- This tempered martensite phase has an excellent balance between strength and ductility. In the present invention, strength is obtained mainly by the tempered martensite phase.
- the area ratio of the tempered martensite phase is less than 75%, the tensile strength tends to decrease, and although the area ratio of the tempered martensite phase depends on the average particle diameter of the ferrite phase and the area ratio of the ferrite phase, If it is less than 75%, the tensile strength may be less than 980 MPa. On the other hand, when the area ratio of the tempered martensite phase exceeds 96%, the good bendability required by the present invention cannot be obtained. From the above, in the present invention, the area ratio of the tempered martensite phase is 75% or more and 96% or less.
- the area ratio of the tempered martensite phase is more than 85% because the uniformity of the structure tends to reduce the variation in tensile properties. More preferably, it is 86% or more.
- the upper limit is preferably 94% or less, more preferably 91% or less.
- the tempered martensite phase is, for example, a martensite phase generated by rapid cooling after heating in the annealing step in the method for producing a high-strength steel sheet of the present invention described later, stays in a temperature range of 200 ° C. or higher and 440 ° C. or lower. It can be caused by changing in the process of (holding).
- the total value of the interface length between the tempered martensite phase and the ferrite phase and the interface length between the tempered martensite phase and the tempered martensite phase per unit area is 6.3 ⁇ 10. 8 ⁇ m / m 2 or more and 5.0 ⁇ 10 11 ⁇ m / m 2 or less
- the martensite phase that has not been tempered is a structure in which iron carbide is not observed in the grains and is observed with a white contrast with a scanning electron microscope. .
- the total value of the interface length between the untempered martensite phase and the ferrite phase and the interface length between the untempered martensite phase and the tempered martensite phase per unit area is 6.3 ⁇ .
- the steel sheet has good bendability.
- the interface length is 6.3 ⁇ 10 8 ⁇ m / m 2 or more and 5.0 ⁇ 10 11 ⁇ m / m 2 or less.
- appropriate dislocations are introduced into the steel sheet, thereby stress concentration during bending. It is estimated that good bendability was obtained.
- the martensite phase that has not been tempered is obtained in detail by the method for producing a high-strength steel sheet of the present invention, which will be described later. Dislocations are introduced into the adjacent structure by the transformation strain during the formation of the martensite phase that has not been tempered.
- the adjacent structure of the martensite phase that has not been tempered is a martensite phase that has not been tempered, the effect of improving bendability due to the introduction of dislocations cannot be obtained. Therefore, it is necessary that there is a region where the ferrite phase or the tempered martensite phase is adjacent to the tempered martensite phase, and in order to obtain a bendability improving effect, the tempered per unit area is not tempered.
- the total length of the interface length between the martensite phase and the ferrite phase and the interface length between the tempered martensite phase and the tempered martensite phase must be 6.3 ⁇ 10 8 ⁇ m / m 2 or more. There is.
- the total length of the interface length between the tempered martensite phase and the ferrite phase and the interface length between the tempered martensite phase and the tempered martensite phase per unit area is preferably about the lower limit. It is 8.0 ⁇ 10 8 ⁇ m / m 2 or more, more preferably 1.0 ⁇ 10 10 ⁇ m / m 2 or more.
- the upper limit is preferably 4.6 ⁇ 10 11 ⁇ m / m 2 or less. More preferably, it is 20 ⁇ 10 10 ⁇ m / m 2 or less.
- a residual austenite phase (residual ⁇ ) or bainite phase (B) may be included, for example, at about 4% or less.
- the area ratio of martensite that has not been tempered is not particularly limited, but it is often 1 to 5%.
- the high-strength steel sheet of the present invention may be one having a hot-dip plated layer on the surface, that is, a hot-dip steel sheet or an alloyed hot-dip steel sheet.
- the hot dip plating layer will be described below.
- the component which comprises a hot dipping layer is not specifically limited, What is necessary is just a general component.
- the hot-dip plating layer include a Zn-based plating layer and an Al-based plating layer.
- Examples of the Zn-based plating include general hot dip galvanizing (GI), Zn—Ni based plating, and Zn—Al based plating.
- the Al plating examples include Al—Si plating (for example, Al—Si plating containing 10 to 20 mass% Si).
- the Zn-based plating layer contains, for example, mass%, Fe: 5.0 to 20.0%, Al: 0.001% to 1.0%, and Pb, Sb, Si , Sn, Mg, Mn, Ni, Cr, Co, Ca, Cu, Li, Ti, Be, Bi, REM containing 1 to 2% in total, with the balance being Zn And a hot-dip galvanized layer composed of inevitable impurities.
- the hot dip plating layer may be an alloyed hot dip plating layer.
- the alloyed hot dip plating layer include an alloyed hot dip galvanizing (GA) layer.
- the adhesion amount of plating is also arbitrary, it is desirable to be 120 g / m 2 or less per side from the viewpoint of weldability. Further, the lower limit of the adhesion amount is not particularly limited, but is usually 30 g / m 2 or more.
- the thickness of the high-strength steel sheet of the present invention is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.5 mm or more and 2.6 or less mm.
- the plate thickness is the plate thickness of the steel plate excluding the plating layer.
- the manufacturing method of the high strength steel plate of this invention has a hot rolling process, a cold rolling process, and an annealing process.
- the method for producing a high-strength steel sheet according to the present invention heats a steel material having the above composition at 1100 ° C. or higher and 1300 ° C. or lower, performs hot rolling with a finish rolling of 820 ° C. or higher, and finishes. Cooling is started within 3 seconds after the completion of rolling, cooling from the finish rolling temperature to 700 ° C.
- a hot rolling step of winding at a winding temperature of 580 ° C. or higher and 680 ° C. or lower, a cold rolling step of performing cold rolling after the hot rolling step, and 500 ° C. or higher after the cold rolling step (Ac 3 )
- the average heating rate in the temperature range of ⁇ 120) ° C. or lower is 4.5 ° C./s or higher and the heat is heated to (Ac 3 ⁇ 50) ° C. or higher and (Ac 3 ⁇ 10) ° C.
- the temperature is a surface temperature of a steel material or a steel plate unless otherwise specified.
- the average heating rate is ((surface temperature after heating ⁇ surface temperature before heating) / heating time), and the average cooling rate is ((surface temperature before cooling ⁇ surface temperature after cooling) / cooling time).
- the steel material having the above composition is heated at 1100 ° C. or higher and 1300 ° C. or lower, and hot rolling with finish rolling of 820 ° C. or higher is performed, and cooling is started within 3 seconds after finishing rolling.
- the melting method for producing the steel material is not particularly limited, and a known melting method such as a converter or an electric furnace can be employed. Further, secondary refining may be performed in a vacuum degassing furnace. Then, it is preferable to use a slab (steel material) by a continuous casting method from the viewpoint of productivity and quality. Also, the slab may be formed by a known casting method such as ingot-bundling rolling or continuous slab casting.
- Heating temperature of steel material 1100 ° C. or higher and 1300 ° C. or lower
- the heating temperature exceeds 1300 ° C. the scale loss increases and damage to the furnace body of the heating furnace increases. Therefore, it is necessary that the heating temperature of the steel material be 1100 ° C. or higher and 1300 ° C. or lower.
- the minimum of the heating temperature of a steel raw material Preferably it is 1120 degreeC or more, More preferably, it is 1150 degreeC or more.
- the upper limit is preferably 1280 ° C or lower, more preferably 1260 ° C or lower. In addition, it does not specifically limit about the rough rolling conditions of the rough rolling after the said heating.
- Finish rolling temperature 820 ° C. or higher Finish rolling after rough rolling is performed at a temperature of 820 ° C. or higher.
- the finish rolling temperature is 820 ° C. or higher.
- the finish rolling temperature is preferably 840 ° C. or higher.
- the upper limit of finish rolling temperature is not specifically limited, Usually, it is 1000 degrees C or less.
- cooling is started within 3 seconds, and after cooling from the finish rolling temperature to 700 ° C. at an average cooling rate of 30 ° C./s or more and less than 80 ° C./s, to the winding temperature at an average cooling rate of 10 ° C./s or less. Cool and wind at a winding temperature of 580 ° C. or higher and 680 ° C. or lower.
- the average cooling rate from 700 ° C. to the coiling temperature needs to be 10 ° C./s or less.
- the temperature is from 680 ° C.
- the cooling is not performed for the following period (that is, without performing a special cooling operation) and then cooled to the winding temperature at an average cooling rate of 10 ° C./s or less.
- the lower limit of the average cooling rate up to the coiling temperature is not particularly limited, but is usually 1 ° C./s or more.
- Winding temperature is not less than 580 ° C. and not more than 680 ° C. In winding, it is important that the generated fine ferrite structure is not changed and a low-temperature transformation phase such as a bainite phase is not generated. When the temperature is lower than 580 ° C., the bainite transformation may start, and the tempered martensite structure defined in the present invention cannot be obtained. On the other hand, when the coiling temperature exceeds 680 ° C., ferrite grains grow and the interface length between the martensite phase not tempered, the ferrite phase, and the tempered martensite phase decreases. From the above, the winding temperature range needs to be 580 ° C. or higher and 680 ° C. or lower.
- the lower limit is desirably 600 ° C. or higher, more preferably 610 ° C. or higher.
- the upper limit is preferably 660 ° C. or lower, more preferably 650 ° C. or lower.
- a cold rolling process is a process of cold rolling a hot-rolled sheet after the hot rolling process. In order to obtain a desired sheet thickness, it is necessary to cold-roll the hot-rolled sheet after the hot rolling process.
- the conditions for the cold rolling process are not particularly limited. From the viewpoint of the plate shape during cold rolling, the rolling rate of cold rolling is preferably 40 to 80%.
- the average heating rate in the temperature range of 500 ° C. or higher (Ac 3 ⁇ 120) ° C. or lower is 4.5 ° C./s or higher (Ac 3 ⁇ 50) ° C. or higher (Ac 3 ⁇ 10) ) Heating to below °C, cooling to (Ms-150) °C or below, and then retaining in a temperature range from 200 °C to 440 °C for 15 seconds or more.
- the annealing step is performed, for example, in a non-oxidation type or direct-fire type continuous annealing line, and in the case of providing a hot-dip plating layer, it is performed in a non-oxidation type or direct-fire type continuous hot-dip plating line.
- the average heating rate in the temperature range of 500 ° C. or higher (Ac 3 ⁇ 120) ° C. or lower is 4.5 ° C./s or higher.
- the fine ferrite phase was used. This effect of forming a fine ferrite phase is lost when recovery proceeds during heating in the annealing step, and thus recrystallization or ferrite ⁇ austenite transformation must be advanced while inhibiting recovery.
- the recovery proceeds at 500 ° C. or higher, and recrystallization or ferrite ⁇ austenite transformation starts at (Ac 3 ⁇ 120) ° C. or lower. Therefore, in the present invention, after the cold rolling step, (Ac 3 ⁇ 50) ° C.
- an average heating rate at 500 ° C. or higher (Ac 3 -120) °C below the temperature range is required to be 4.5 ° C. / s or higher.
- Ac 3 is the temperature at which ferrite completes transformation to austenite during heating.
- the average heating rate in the temperature range of 500 ° C. or higher and (Ac 3 -120) ° C. or lower is preferably 5.0 ° C./s or higher.
- the heating rate at a temperature lower than 500 ° C. or higher than (Ac 3 ⁇ 120) ° C. is: There is no particular limitation.
- the upper limit of the said average heating rate is not specifically limited, Usually, it is 50 degrees C / s or less.
- Heating temperature (annealing temperature): (Ac 3 ⁇ 50) ° C. or more and (Ac 3 ⁇ 10) ° C. or less
- the heating temperature is preferably (Ac 3 ⁇ 40) ° C. or higher and (Ac 3 ⁇ 15) ° C. or lower.
- the residence time at (Ac 3 ⁇ 50) ° C. to (Ac 3 ⁇ 10) ° C. is not particularly limited, but is, for example, 300 seconds or less, preferably 30 seconds or more and 300 seconds or less, and more preferably 50 seconds or more. 250 seconds or less.
- Cooling stop temperature after heating (cooling end temperature): (Ms ⁇ 150) ° C. or less
- the cooling stop temperature after heating at (Ac 3 ⁇ 50) ° C. or more and (Ac 3 ⁇ 10) ° C. or less needs to be (Ms ⁇ 150) ° C. or less, that is, (Ac 3 -50) ° C.
- the cooling stop temperature after heating is preferably (Ms-170) ° C. or lower (Ms-300) ° C. or higher.
- the hardenability is increased by Cr, Mo and B, but there is a risk of ferrite phase grain growth from the end of heating at (Ac 3 ⁇ 50) ° C. or more and (Ac 3 ⁇ 10) ° C. or less.
- the average cooling rate up to 550 ° C. is preferably 35 ° C./s or more, and 40 ° C. / S or more is more preferable.
- the upper limit of the said average cooling rate is not specifically limited, Usually, it is 70 degrees C / s or less.
- a step of staying at a temperature of (Ms-150) ° C. or lower, for example 7 seconds to 50 seconds, and then holding at 200 ° C. to 440 ° C. for 15 seconds or longer is performed. preferable.
- cooling stop temperature is less than 200 degreeC, it will heat to the temperature range of 200 to 440 degreeC.
- the residence temperature (holding temperature) in the temperature range of 200 ° C. or more and 440 ° C. or less is less than 200 ° C.
- the diffusion of carbon contained in the supersaturation in the martensite phase is slow, so that a sufficient tempering effect cannot be obtained and bendability is obtained. to degrade.
- the martensite phase is excessively tempered, and austenite is decomposed and martensite that has not been tempered cannot be obtained. Therefore, the high strength defined in the present invention cannot be obtained.
- a preferable residence condition is holding at 250 ° C. or higher and 430 ° C. or lower for 20 seconds or longer.
- the upper limit of residence time is not specifically limited, Usually, it is 100 seconds or less.
- the hot dipping process is a process in which after the annealing process, the hot dipping process is performed again by heating to 450 ° C. or higher and 600 ° C. or lower. Thereby, a high-strength steel plate having a hot-dip plated layer, that is, a hot-dip hot-dip steel plate is obtained. Further, in the hot dipping process, a high strength steel plate having an alloyed hot dipped plating layer, that is, an alloyed hot dipped steel plate is obtained by further alloying after the hot dipping treatment.
- the reheating temperature needs to be 450 ° C. or higher.
- the alloying treatment is performed, if the heating temperature is excessively increased, the strength is lowered and the desired tensile strength cannot be obtained. In the present invention, up to 600 ° C. is acceptable.
- the reheating temperature is 450 ° C. or higher and 600 ° C. or lower.
- the temperature of the plating bath is preferably about 450 ° C. or higher and lower than 500 ° C.
- the alloying treatment temperature is preferably 500 ° C. or higher and 600 ° C. or lower.
- the steel sheet is kept in a temperature range of 200 ° C. or higher and 440 ° C. or lower for 15 seconds or more in the annealing process and then rapidly cooled to room temperature using water or the like. .
- it is rapidly cooled to room temperature using water or the like after performing a hot-dipping process in which hot-heating is performed again at 450 ° C. or higher and 600 ° C. or lower. Is preferred.
- the room temperature is 0 ° C. or higher and 50 ° C. or lower.
- the rapid cooling refers to cooling at a cooling rate of 20 ° C./s or more.
- a steel material having a component composition shown in Table 1 and a balance of Fe and inevitable impurities with a thickness of 250 mm is subjected to a hot rolling process under the hot rolling conditions shown in Table 2 to form a hot rolled sheet, and the cold rolling rate is A cold rolling process of 40% or more and 80% or less was performed to obtain a cold rolled sheet having a thickness of 1.0 to 2.0 mm, and an annealing process under the conditions shown in Table 2 was performed to obtain a steel sheet. Thereafter, the obtained steel sheet was subjected to a hot dip plating process to form a hot dip galvanized layer on the surface (GI material).
- GI material hot dip galvanized layer on the surface
- an alloying treatment is performed at the alloying temperature shown in Table 2 to form an alloyed hot dip galvanized layer.
- the steel sheet up to the annealing step was manufactured by a direct-fired continuous annealing line, and the one formed with a hot-dip plating layer or an alloyed hot-dip plating layer was manufactured by a direct-fired continuous hot-dip plating line.
- the temperature of the plating bath (plating composition: Zn—0.13 mass% Al) immersed in the direct-fire type continuous hot dipping line is 460 ° C.
- the amount of plating is GI material (hot-dipped steel sheet), GA
- Both the materials (alloyed hot-dip steel sheets) were 45 to 65 g / m 2 per side, and the Fe content contained in the plating layer was in the range of 6 to 14% by mass.
- Ac 3 points were obtained from a transformation expansion curve obtained at a heating rate of 6 ° C./s using a thermal expansion measuring device.
- the Ms point was obtained from a transformation curve obtained by using a thermal expansion measuring device to obtain a cooling rate from Ac 3 point to 300 ° C. at 30 ° C./s after heating to Ac 3 point or higher.
- the “residence time” of the hot rolling process shown in Table 2 in the temperature range of 680 ° C. or higher and 700 ° C. or lower.
- the time indicated in the column “(5 to 10 seconds) was maintained, and then cooled to the winding temperature at an average cooling rate of 10 ° C./s or less.
- the average heating rate in the step of heating to (Ac 3 ⁇ 50) ° C. or more and (Ac 3 ⁇ 10) ° C. or less is shown in Table 2 only between 500 ° C. and (Ac 3 ⁇ 120) ° C. or less.
- Table 2 only between 500 ° C. and (Ac 3 ⁇ 120) ° C. or less.
- the annealing step After cooling to (Ms ⁇ 150) ° C. or less, the time (8 to 37 s) described in the “primary residence time” column of the hot rolling step in Table 2 at a temperature of (Ms ⁇ 150) ° C. or less. ) Holding (retention), and then a step of retaining for 15 s or more at 200 to 440 ° C. was performed.
- a cold-rolled steel sheet having no plating layer In the case of producing a cold-rolled steel sheet having no plating layer, it is retained in a temperature range of 200 ° C. or higher and 440 ° C. or lower for 15 seconds or more in the annealing process, and then rapidly cooled to room temperature using water (average cooling rate of about 50 ° C./s).
- the steel sheet When manufacturing a cold-rolled steel sheet having a hot-dip galvanized layer on the surface, the steel sheet was immersed in a plating bath and then rapidly cooled to room temperature using water (average cooling rate of about 50 ° C./s).
- the steel sheet was subjected to an alloying treatment at the alloying temperature and then rapidly cooled to room temperature using water (average cooling rate of about 50 ° C./s).
- Specimens were collected from cold-rolled steel sheets, hot-dip plated steel sheets, or galvannealed steel sheets that did not have a plating layer obtained as described above, and evaluated by the following methods.
- the area ratio of each phase was evaluated by the following method.
- the obtained steel plate was cut out so that a cross section parallel to the rolling direction becomes an observation surface, the cross section was corroded with 1% nital, enlarged by 2000 times with a scanning electron microscope, and a thickness of 1/4 t part from the surface. 10 fields of view were photographed in the area up to.
- t is the thickness (plate thickness) of the steel plate.
- the ferrite phase is a structure that has no form of corrosion marks or iron-based carbides in the grains
- the tempered martensite phase is a structure in which many fine iron-based carbides and corrosion marks have orientation in the grains.
- the martensite phase which has not been tempered is a structure in which iron-based carbides are not observed in the grains and is observed with a white contrast with a scanning electron microscope. Since grain boundaries are also observed with white contrast, among the structures observed with white contrast, linear structures (the aspect ratio calculated by the length of the major axis / the length of the minor axis is 10 or more) are tempered. It was excluded from the martensite phase that was not done.
- the structures other than the ferrite phase, the tempered martensite phase, and the non-tempered martensite phase are shown in Table 3 as “other metal structures”. In Table 3, “Other metallographic structure”, B is bainite, and residual ⁇ is residual austenite.
- Average particle diameter of ferrite phase (described as “ferrite average particle diameter” in Table 3), area ratio of ferrite phase (described as “ferrite area ratio” in Table 3), area ratio of tempered martensite phase (table 3 is described as “tempered martensite area ratio”), and the interface length between the untempered martensite phase and the ferrite phase and the tempered martensite phase and tempered per unit area.
- the total value of the interface length with the martensite phase (described as “martensite interface length not tempered” in Table 3) was obtained by image analysis of the observation result obtained by the scanning electron microscope. The image analysis was performed using image analysis software (Image-Pro Plus Plus ver. 7.0, manufactured by Nippon Roper, Inc.).
- the area ratio of the ferrite phase was obtained by extracting only the ferrite phase portion in each observation visual field, obtaining the area ratio occupied by the ferrite phase with respect to the observation visual field area, and averaging the area ratio values in the ten visual fields. .
- the area ratio of the tempered martensite phase is determined by extracting only the tempered martensite phase portion in each observation field, and determining the area ratio occupied by the tempered martensite phase with respect to the observation field area. It calculated
- the average particle diameter of the ferrite phase is obtained by calculating the equivalent circle diameter corresponding to the area of each ferrite particle in each observation field, and obtaining the average value of the equivalent circle diameter of the ferrite particles in the observation field.
- the equivalent circle diameter of the ferrite particles in the field of view was obtained, and the value of the equivalent circle diameter of the ferrite particles in the 10 fields of view was averaged.
- the total value of the interface length between the tempered martensite phase and the ferrite phase and the interface length between the tempered martensite phase and the tempered martensite phase per unit area In the field of view, the interface of the martensite phase that has not been tempered is determined by image analysis, and the total length of the interface between the untempered martensite phase and the ferrite phase present in the field of view of the observation and observation Find the total length of the interface between the tempered martensite phase and the tempered martensite phase present in the field of view, and divide the total value of both by the observation field of view.
- Interface length between tempered martensite phase and ferrite phase per unit area and tempered martensite phase and tempered martens The total length of the interface with the ferrite phase, and the length of the interface between the martensite phase and the ferrite phase that have not been tempered per unit area in 10 fields, and the martensite phase and tempered martensite that have not been tempered. The total value of the interface length with the phase was obtained by averaging.
- the comparative example out of the scope of the present invention did not reach the tensile strength of 980 MPa, or a good one was not obtained in the bendability evaluation.
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Abstract
Description
本発明の高強度鋼板の成分組成は、質量%で、C:0.07%以上0.14%以下、Si:0.65%以上1.65%以下、Mn:1.8%以上2.6%以下、P:0.05%以下、S:0.005%以下、Al:0.08%以下、N:0.0060%以下、Ti:0.005%以上0.030%以下、B:0.0002%以上0.0030%以下と、Cr:0.01%以上0.40%以下およびMo:0.01%以上0.50%以下から選択される一種または二種とを含有し、下記(1)式を満たす。
Cは、焼き戻されていないマルテンサイト相および焼き戻しマルテンサイト相の形成、および、その強度に関係する。引張強さ:980MPa以上を得るには、少なくともC含有量を0.07%以上含有させる必要がある。一方、C含有量が0.14%を上回ると、粗大なセメンタイトを形成し、曲げ性が低下する。そのため、本発明では、C含有量は0.07%以上0.14%以下である。C含有量の下限について、好ましくは0.08%以上、より好ましくは0.09%以上、さらに好ましくは0.10%以上である。C含有量の上限について好ましくは0.13%以下、より好ましくは0.12%以下、さらに好ましくは0.l1%以下である。
Siは、加工硬化能を上昇させ曲げ性の向上に寄与する元素である。Siはフェライト相生成にも関与し、本発明の高強度鋼板は製造する際に急速加熱によって焼鈍されるが、Siが0.65%を下回ると安定して所望のフェライト相の面積率が得られにくくなり、曲げ性が低くなる。以上から、本発明で求める曲げ性を得るには、Siは少なくとも0.65%以上含有させる必要がある。また、Siが1.65%を上回ると、めっき性に対する悪影響が顕在化する。したがって、本発明では、Si含有量は、1.65%以下である。Si含有量の下限について好ましくは0.80%以上、より好ましくは0.90%以上、さらに好ましくは1.00%以上である。Si含有量の上限について好ましくは1.60%以下、より好ましくは1.50%以下、さらに好ましくは1.40%以下である。
Mnは、焼入性を高め粗大フェライト相の生成の抑制に寄与する元素である。本発明で必要な焼入性を得るには、Mnは1.8%以上含有させる必要がある。一方、MnはMs点を低下させるため、Mn量が多すぎると、本発明で規定する焼き戻されていないマルテンサイト相が得られない。また、Mnはマルテンサイト変態開始温度を低下させるため、本発明の高強度鋼板を製造する際の焼鈍工程において、冷却停止温度(Ms-150℃)以下までの冷却において極めて高い冷却速度が必要となる。このような冷却速度の制御性が悪くなる観点から、曲げ性が悪化する。また、Mnはめっき性を低下させる。以上より、本発明では、Mn含有量は1.8%以上2.6%以下である。Mn含有量の下限について好ましくは1.9%以上、より好ましくは2.0%以上、さらに好ましくは2.1%以上である。Mn含有量の上限について好ましくは2.5%以下、より好ましくは2.4%以下、さらに好ましくは2.3%以下である。
Pは、粒界に偏析して曲げ性を悪化させる元素である。本発明では、P含有量は0.05%以下まで許容できる。P含有量は、0.05%以下、好ましくは0.04%以下である。P含有量は、極力低減する方が望ましいが、製造上、0.002%は不可避的に混入する場合がある。
Sは、鋼中で粗大なMnSを形成し、これが熱間圧延時に伸展し楔状の介在物となることで、曲げ性に悪影響をもたらす。本発明では、S含有量は0.005%まで許容できる。S含有量は、0.005%以下、好ましくは0.003%以下である。S含有量は、極力低減する方が望ましいが、製造上、0.0002%は不可避的に混入する場合がある。
Alを製鋼の段階で脱酸剤として添加する場合、Al含有量を0.02%以上含有することが好ましい。より好ましくは0.03%以上である。一方、Alは曲げ性を悪化させる酸化物を形成する。そのため、本発明では、Al含有量は0.08%以下であり、好ましくは0.07%以下である。より好ましくは0.06%以下、さらに好ましくは0.05%以下である。
Nは、TiやBと結合して粗大な介在物を形成することで曲げ性に悪影響をもたらし、焼入性を低下させ、微細フェライト相の形成を妨げる有害な元素である。本発明では、N含有量は0.0060%まで許容できる。N含有量は好ましくは0.0050%以下である。より好ましくは0.0040%以下である。N含有量は、極力低減する方が望ましいが、製造上、0.0005%は不可避的に混入する場合がある。
Tiは有害な元素であるNを窒化物として固定し、BのNによる焼入性の低下を防ぐことができる元素である。Bによる焼入性低下を抑制するには、少なくともTiは0.005%以上含有させる必要がある。一方、Tiが0.030%を上回ると、粗大なTiを含む炭窒化物により曲げ性が低下する。そのため、本発明では、Ti含有量は0.005%以上0.030%以下である。さらに、Ti含有量を0.010%以上0.028%以下とし、その他粗大介在物を形成しうる元素であるNbを0.003%未満にまで制限することが好ましい。
Bは焼入性を向上させ、微細フェライト相生成に寄与する元素である。この効果を得るには、少なくともBは0.0002%以上含有させる必要がある。一方、B含有量が0.0030%を上回ると、固溶Bによる延性低下の悪影響により、曲げ性が低下する。そのため、本発明では、B含有量は0.0002%以上0.0030%以下である。B含有量の下限について好ましくは0.0005%以上、より好ましくは0.0006%以上、さらに好ましくは0.0010%以上である。B含有量の上限について好ましくは0.0025%以下、より好ましくは0.0020%以下、さらに好ましくは0.0016%以下である。
CrおよびMoは焼入性を向上させる元素であり、微細フェライト相形成に寄与する元素である。この効果を得るには、Crを0.01%以上含有させる、Moを0.01%以上含有させる、または、CrおよびMoをそれぞれ0.01%以上含有させる必要がある。一方、Crが0.40%を超えると上記効果が飽和するため、上限を0.40%とした。また、Cr含有量が0.40%を上回ると、めっき性が低下し、良好なめっき性状を有する鋼板が得られなくなるため、めっき性の観点からも0.40%以下とすることが好ましい。一方、Mo含有量が0.50%を上回ると、変態点が適切な範囲から外れ、本発明で規定する焼き戻されていないマルテンサイト相が得られなくなる。したがって、本発明では、Cr含有量は0.40%以下、Mo含有量は0.50%以下である。Cr含有量の下限について好ましくは0.02%以上、より好ましくは0.03%以上、さらに好ましくは0.04%以上である。Cr含有量の上限について好ましくは0.35%以下、より好ましくは0.30%以下、さらに好ましくは0.20%以下である。Mo含有量の下限について好ましくは0.02%以上、より好ましくは0.05%以上、さらに好ましくは0.10%以上である。Mo含有量の上限について好ましくは0.43%以下、より好ましくは0.40%以下、さらに好ましくは0.30%以下である。
CrおよびMoは焼鈍時の焼入性向上による粗大フェライト相生成抑制の他に、熱間圧延工程での仕上げ圧延終了後の冷却過程においてオーステナイト→フェライト変態時のオーステナイト/フェライト界面移動を妨げ、熱延組織を微細にする効果も得られる。熱延組織を微細にすることにより、熱延板でのC濃度が高い部分を多く生成させ本発明で規定する焼き戻されていないマルテンサイト組織が得られるが、C含有量が多い場合には、C濃度が高い部分の分布密度が疎となり本発明で規定する組織が得られない。これを抑制するため、(1)式を満たす範囲でCrおよびMoを含有させる必要がある。Moの係数は、Cの分布密度を変える影響の大きさを表したものである。(1)式の左辺の好ましい範囲は、2.1以上である。(1)式の上限はなく、CrおよびMoの含有量上限によって決定される。
[%Cr]≦0.215[%Si]2-0.8[%Si]+0.747 (2)
ここで、[%M](M=Cr,Si)は、それぞれ、質量%での各元素の含有量を表す。
SiとCrの両者を含有すると、相乗効果によりめっき性が悪化する。そのため、めっき性の観点から、Si含有量に対してCr含有量上限が変化する。(2)式は、Siを変化させたときのめっき性が良好となるCr上限量の関係を近似式としたものである。(2)式を満たす範囲であれば、良好なめっき性を有する鋼板が得られる。
続いて、本発明の高強度鋼板の金属組織(鋼組織)について説明する。金属組織は、高強度鋼板の圧延方向に平行な断面を走査電子顕微鏡を用いて組織観察することにより求められる。
フェライト相は延性を有する組織であり曲げ性を良くする効果がある。フェライト相が全くない組織であると、加工硬化能や延性が不足し、曲げ加工時に延性不足、もしくは応力集中の発生により割れが発生する。一方、フェライト粒が粗大であると、微細な焼き戻されていないマルテンサイト相の生成を阻害し、却って曲げ性を悪くする。また、あまりにもフェライト相が多いと、本発明の高強度鋼板における焼き戻されていないマルテンサイト相および焼き戻しマルテンサイト相では引張強さ980MPa以上が得られにくくなる。したがって、強度および曲げ性の観点から、フェライト相の平均粒径および面積率を、ともに制御する必要があり、本発明では、フェライト相の平均粒径は1.5μm以下で、フェライト相の面積率は2%以上15%以下とする必要がある。好ましくは、フェライト相の平均粒径は1.2μm以下、フェライト相の面積率は2%以上10%以下である。フェライト相の平均粒径の下限は特に限定されないが、例えばフェライト相の平均粒径は0.1μm以上である。
焼き戻しマルテンサイト相は、結晶粒内に配向性を有する微細な鉄系炭化物と腐食痕が認められる組織である。鉄系炭化物としては、セメンタイト、η炭化物、χ炭化物、ε炭化物等が挙げられる。この焼き戻しマルテンサイト相は強度と延性のバランスが優れており、本発明では主に焼き戻しマルテンサイト相によって強度を得ている。焼き戻しマルテンサイト相の面積率が75%を下回ると、引張強さが低下する傾向があり、フェライト相の平均粒径やフェライト相の面積率にも拠るが焼き戻しマルテンサイト相の面積率が75%を下回ると引張強さ980MPaを下回る場合がある。一方、焼き戻しマルテンサイト相の面積率が96%を上回ると本発明で求める良好な曲げ性は得られなくなる。以上から、本発明では、焼き戻しマルテンサイト相の面積率は75%以上96%以下である。組織が均一であるほど引張特性のばらつきが小さくなる傾向にあることから、焼き戻しマルテンサイト相の面積率が85%超であることが、より好ましい。さらに好ましくは86%以上である。上限について好ましくは94%以下、より好ましくは91%以下である。なお、焼き戻しマルテンサイト相は、例えば後述する本発明の高強度鋼板の製造方法における焼鈍工程での加熱後の急冷によって生成されたマルテンサイト相が、200℃以上440℃以下の温度域に滞留(保持)される過程で変化することにより生じさせることができる。
焼き戻されていないマルテンサイト相は粒内に鉄系炭化物が認められず、走査電子顕微鏡で白いコントラストで観察される組織である。単位面積当たりの、焼き戻されていないマルテンサイト相とフェライト相との界面長さおよび焼き戻されていないマルテンサイト相と焼き戻しマルテンサイト相との界面長さの合計値が、6.3×108μm/m2以上5.0×1011μm/m2以下であると、良好な曲げ性を有する鋼板になる。該界面長さが6.3×108μm/m2以上5.0×1011μm/m2以下であると、鋼板内部に適当な転位が導入されることによって、曲げ加工時の応力集中を防ぎ、良好な曲げ性が得られたと推測される。焼き戻されていないマルテンサイト相は、詳しくは後述する本発明の高強度鋼板の製造方法によって得られる。この焼き戻されていないマルテンサイト相生成時の変態ひずみによって隣接する組織に転位が導入される。焼き戻されていないマルテンサイト相の隣接組織が焼き戻されていないマルテンサイト相であると転位導入による曲げ性向上効果が得られない。そのため、焼き戻されていないマルテンサイト相にフェライト相もしくは焼き戻しマルテンサイト相が隣接している領域がある必要があり、曲げ性向上効果を得るには、単位面積当たりの、焼き戻されていないマルテンサイト相とフェライト相との界面長さおよび焼き戻されていないマルテンサイト相と焼き戻しマルテンサイト相との界面長さの合計値が、6.3×108μm/m2以上である必要がある。一方、該界面長さが5.0×1011μm/m2を上回ると過度に転位が導入されることとなるためか、曲げ性が低下する。単位面積当たりの、焼き戻されていないマルテンサイト相とフェライト相との界面長さおよび焼き戻されていないマルテンサイト相と焼き戻しマルテンサイト相との界面長さの合計値は、下限について好ましくは8.0×108μm/m2以上、より好ましくは1.0×1010μm/m2以上である。上限について好ましくは4.6×1011μm/m2以下である。より好ましくは20×1010μm/m2以下である。
本発明の高強度鋼板は、表面に溶融めっき層を有するもの、すなわち溶融めっき鋼板や合金化溶融めっき鋼板であってもよい。以下に該溶融めっき層について説明する。本発明において、溶融めっき層を構成する成分は特に限定されず、一般的な成分であればよい。溶融めっき層としては、Zn系めっき層やAl系めっき層が挙げられる。Zn系めっきとしては、一般的な溶融亜鉛めっき(GI)、Zn-Ni系めっき、Zn-Al系めっきなどが挙げられる。また、Al系めっきとしては、Al-Si系めっき(例えば、10~20mass%のSiを含むAl-Si系めっき)などが例示できる。Zn系めっき層としては、具体的には例えば、質量%で、Fe:5.0~20.0%、Al:0.001%~1.0%を含有し、さらに、Pb、Sb、Si、Sn、Mg、Mn、Ni、Cr、Co、Ca、Cu、Li、Ti、Be、Bi、REMから選択する1種または2種以上を合計で0~3.5%含有し、残部がZn及び不可避的不純物からなる溶融亜鉛めっき層が挙げられる。また、溶融めっき層は、合金化された合金化溶融めっき層であってもよい。合金化溶融めっき層としては、例えば、合金化溶融亜鉛めっき(GA)層が挙げられる。めっきの付着量も任意であるが、溶接性の観点からは片面あたり120g/m2以下とすることが望ましい。また、付着量の下限は特に限定されないが、通常、30g/m2以上である。
次に、本発明の高強度鋼板の製造方法について説明する。本発明の高強度鋼板の製造方法は、熱間圧延工程と、冷間圧延工程と、焼鈍工程とを有する。具体的には、本発明の高強度鋼板の製造方法は、上記成分組成を有する鋼素材を、1100℃以上1300℃以下で加熱し、仕上げ圧延が820℃以上である熱間圧延を施し、仕上げ圧延終了後3秒以内に冷却を開始し仕上げ圧延温度から700℃まで平均冷却速度30℃/s以上80℃/s未満で冷却した後、巻取温度まで平均冷却速度10℃/s以下で冷却し、巻取温度580℃以上680℃以下で巻き取る熱間圧延工程と、前記熱間圧延工程後に、冷間圧延を施す冷間圧延工程と、前記冷間圧延工程後に、500℃以上(Ac3-120)℃以下の温度域の平均加熱速度が4.5℃/s以上で(Ac3-50)℃以上(Ac3-10)℃以下まで加熱し、(Ms-150)℃以下まで冷却した後、200℃以上440℃以下の温度域で15秒以上滞留させる焼鈍工程とを有する。また、表面に溶融めっき層を有する高強度鋼板を製造する場合は、上記焼鈍工程後に、450℃以上600℃以下に再度加熱して溶融めっき処理する溶融めっき工程を有する。さらに、表面に合金化溶融めっき層を有する高強度鋼板を製造する場合は、溶融めっき工程において、溶融めっき処理の後さらに合金化処理する。以下、各工程について詳細に説明する。なお、以下の説明において、温度は特に断らない限り鋼素材や鋼板の表面温度とする。また、平均加熱速度は((加熱後の表面温度-加熱前の表面温度)/加熱時間)、平均冷却速度は((冷却前の表面温度-冷却後の表面温度)/冷却時間)とする。
熱間圧延工程は、上記成分組成を有する鋼素材を、1100℃以上1300℃以下で加熱し、仕上げ圧延が820℃以上である熱間圧延を施し、仕上げ圧延終了後3秒以内に冷却を開始し仕上げ圧延温度から700℃まで平均冷却速度30℃/s以上80℃/s未満で冷却した後、巻取温度まで平均冷却速度10℃/s以下で冷却し、巻取温度580℃以上680℃以下で巻き取る工程である。
本発明においては、粗圧延に先立ち鋼素材を加熱して、鋼素材の鋼組織を実質的に均質なオーステナイト相とする必要がある。また、粗大な介在物の生成を抑制するためには加熱温度の制御が重要となる。加熱温度が1100℃を下回ると所望の仕上げ完了圧延温度を得ることができない。一方、加熱温度が1300℃を上回ると、スケールロスが増大し、加熱炉の炉体への損傷が大きくなる。そのため、鋼素材の加熱温度は1100℃以上1300℃以下とすることが必要である。鋼素材の加熱温度の下限について、好ましくは1120℃以上、より好ましくは1150℃以上である。上限について好ましくは1280℃以下、より好ましくは1260℃以下である。なお、上記加熱後の粗圧延の粗圧延条件については特に限定されない。
粗圧延後の仕上げ圧延は、820℃以上の温度で行う。仕上げ圧延温度が820℃を下回ると、圧延中にオーステナイト→フェライト変態が開始してしまい、フェライト粒が粒成長するため本発明で規定する鋼板組織が得られなくなる。そのため、本発明の製造方法では、仕上げ圧延温度は820℃以上である。仕上げ圧延温度は好ましくは840℃以上である。仕上げ圧延温度の上限は特に限定されないが、通常、1000℃以下である。
巻き取りでは、生成された微細フェライト組織を変化させず、ベイナイト相等の低温変態相を生成させないことが重要となる。580℃を下回るとベイナイト変態が開始する可能性があり、本発明で規定する焼き戻されていないマルテンサイト組織が得られない。一方、巻取温度が680℃を上回るとフェライト粒が粒成長することで焼き戻されていないマルテンサイト相とフェライト相および焼き戻しマルテンサイト相との界面長さが低下する。以上から、巻取温度の範囲を580℃以上680℃以下である必要がある。下限について望ましくは600℃以上、より好ましくは610℃以上である。上限について好ましくは660℃以下、より好ましくは650℃以下である。
冷間圧延工程とは、上記熱間圧延工程後に熱延板を冷間圧延する工程である。所望の板厚を得るため、熱間圧延工程後の熱延板に冷間圧延を施す必要がある。本発明において、冷間圧延工程の条件は特に限定されない。冷間圧延時の板形状の観点から、冷間圧延の圧延率を40~80%とすることが好ましい。
焼鈍工程は、冷間圧延工程後に、500℃以上(Ac3-120)℃以下の温度域の平均加熱速度が4.5℃/s以上で(Ac3-50)℃以上(Ac3-10)℃以下まで加熱し、(Ms-150)℃以下まで冷却した後、200℃以上440℃以下の温度域で15秒以上滞留させる工程である。焼鈍工程は、例えば無酸化型もしくは直火型の連続焼鈍ラインで行われ、溶融めっき層を設ける場合は無酸化型もしくは直火型の連続溶融めっきラインで行われる。
熱間圧延工程において本発明で規定するマルテンサイト相を得るために微細フェライト相としたが、この微細フェライト相とした効果は、焼鈍工程での加熱時に回復が進行すると失われてしまうため、回復を阻害しつつ再結晶、もしくはフェライト→オーステナイト変態を進行させる必要がある。回復は500℃以上で進行し、(Ac3-120)℃以下で再結晶もしくはフェライト→オーステナイト変態が開始するため、本発明においては、冷間圧延工程後に(Ac3-50)℃以上(Ac3-10)℃以下まで加熱する際に、500℃以上(Ac3-120)℃以下の温度域における平均加熱速度は4.5℃/s以上とする必要がある。Ac3とは、加熱時、フェライトがオーステナイトへの変態を完了する温度である。500℃以上(Ac3-120)℃以下の温度域における平均加熱速度は、好ましくは、5.0℃/s以上である。なお、冷間圧延工程後に(Ac3-50)℃以上(Ac3-10)℃以下まで加熱する際に、500℃未満や、(Ac3-120)℃より高い温度での加熱速度は、特に限定されない。また、上記平均加熱速度の上限は特に限定されないが、通常、50℃/s以下である。
加熱工程では、フェライト相を適量形成させる必要がある。加熱温度が(Ac3-50)℃以上(Ac3-10)℃以下の範囲外であると、本発明で規定するフェライト相の面積率が得られなくなる。加熱温度は、好ましくは(Ac3-40)℃以上(Ac3-15)℃以下である。なお、(Ac3-50)℃以上(Ac3-10)℃以下での滞留時間は特に限定されないが、例えば300秒以下、好ましくは30秒以上300秒以下であり、より望ましくは50秒以上250秒以下である。
加熱後の冷却では、組織の大部分をマルテンサイト相とする必要がある。このときにマルテンサイト相とならず、オーステナイトのまま残存させると最終的に粗大な焼き戻されていないマルテンサイト相もしくは残留オーステナイトを形成し、曲げ性を低下させる。上記悪影響を回避するには、(Ac3-50)℃以上(Ac3-10)℃以下での加熱後の冷却停止温度は(Ms-150)℃以下とする必要がある、すなわち、(Ac3-50)℃以上(Ac3-10)℃以下での加熱後に(Ms-150)℃以下まで冷却する必要がある。なお、Msとは、冷却の間に、オーステナイトがマルテンサイト相に変態し始める温度である。安定的に所望の組織を得るには、加熱後の冷却停止温度は、(Ms-170)℃以下(Ms-300)℃以上とすることが好ましい。また、本発明ではCr、MoおよびBによって焼入性を上昇させているが、(Ac3-50)℃以上(Ac3-10)℃以下での加熱終了時からフェライト相の粒成長の恐れがある550℃までの平均冷却速度は30℃/sを下回るとフェライト粒が粒成長する恐れがあるため、上記550℃までの平均冷却速度は35℃/s以上とすることが好ましく、40℃/s以上とすることがさらに好ましい。上記平均冷却速度の上限は特に限定されないが通常70℃/s以下である。なお、(Ms-150)℃以下まで冷却した後、(Ms-150)℃以下の温度で例えば7s以上50s以下滞留させた後に、200℃以上440℃以下で15s以上滞留する工程を行うことが好ましい。
(Ms-150)℃以下まで冷却することによって得られたマルテンサイト相を焼き戻しマルテンサイト相とするため、200℃以上440℃以下の温度域で15s以上滞留(保持)させる必要がある。さらに、200℃以上440℃以下の温度域で15s以上滞留(保持)させることにより、Cをオーステナイト相に分配させ、局所的にMs点を下げ焼き戻されていないマルテンサイト生成を促す効果もある。冷却停止温度が200℃未満であれば、200℃以上440℃以下の温度域まで加熱する。200℃以上440℃以下の温度域での滞留温度(保持温度)が200℃未満ではマルテンサイト相中に過飽和に含まれる炭素の拡散が遅いため、十分な焼き戻し効果が得られず曲げ性が劣化する。440℃を上回る温度で滞留させると、マルテンサイト相が過度に焼き戻されるうえ、オーステナイトが分解し焼き戻されていないマルテンサイトが得られなくなるため、本発明で規定する高強度が得られない。さらに、滞留時間が15sを下回ると十分に焼き戻しマルテンサイト相が得られないため、曲げ性が低下する。好ましい滞留条件は、250℃以上430℃以下で20s以上保持することである。なお、滞留時間の上限は特に限定されないが、通常、100秒以下である。
溶融めっき工程は、焼鈍工程後に、450℃以上600℃以下に再度加熱して溶融めっき処理する工程である。これにより、溶融めっき層を有する高強度鋼板、すなわち、溶融めっき鋼板が得られる。また、溶融めっき工程において、溶融めっき処理の後さらに合金化処理することにより、合金化溶融めっき層を有する高強度鋼板、すなわち、合金化溶融めっき鋼板が得られる。
溶融めっき鋼板を得るには、焼鈍工程後の鋼板をめっき浴に浸漬させる必要がある。めっき浴の成分組成は、製造する溶融めっき層の成分組成と同じにすればよい。溶融めっき鋼板の外観品質の観点から、再加熱温度は450℃以上とする必要がある。一方、合金化処理を施す際、過度に加熱温度を上昇させると強度が低下し、所望の引張強さが得られなくなる。本発明においては600℃までは許容できる。したがって、本発明においては、再加熱温度は450℃以上600℃以下である。めっき浴の温度は450℃以上500℃未満程度が好ましい。また、合金化処理温度は500℃以上600℃以下が好ましい。
各相の面積率は以下の手法により評価した。得られた鋼板から、圧延方向に平行な断面が観察面となるよう切り出し、該断面を1%ナイタールで腐食現出し、走査電子顕微鏡で2000倍に拡大して、表面から板厚1/4t部までの領域内を10視野分撮影した。tは鋼板の厚さ(板厚)である。フェライト相は粒内に腐食痕や鉄系炭化物が観察されない形態を有する組織であり、焼き戻しマルテンサイト相は結晶粒内に配向性を有する多数の微細な鉄系炭化物および腐食痕が認められる組織であり、焼き戻されていないマルテンサイト相は粒内に鉄系炭化物が認められず走査電子顕微鏡で白いコントラストで観察される組織である。粒界も白いコントラストで観察されるため、白いコントラストで観察される組織のうち、線状の組織(長軸の長さ/短軸の長さで計算されるアスペクト比が10以上)は焼き戻されていないマルテンサイト相から除外した。フェライト相、焼き戻しマルテンサイト相および焼き戻されていないマルテンサイト相以外の組織は”その他の金属組織”として、表3に示した。なお、表3の”その他の金属組織”欄において、Bはベイナイト、残留γは残留オーステナイトである。
得られた鋼板から圧延方向に対して垂直方向にJIS5号引張試験片を作製し、JIS Z 2241(2011)の規定に準拠した引張試験を5回行い、平均の降伏強さ(YS)、引張強さ(TS)、全伸び(El)を求めた。引張試験のクロスヘッドスピードは10mm/minとした。表3において、引張強さ:980MPa以上が本発明で求める機械的性質である。
得られた鋼板から、圧延方向に対して平行方向を曲げ試験軸方向とする、幅が100mmのコイルを、R/t(R:曲げ半径、t:板厚)が1.0および1.4とするロールフォーミングを行った後、試験片を目視観察し、割れの有無を調査した。表3において、R/t=1.0のロールフォーミングを行った後の割れの調査結果が「R/t=1.0での曲げ性」であり、R/t=1.0のロールフォーミングを行った後の割れの調査結果が「R/t=1.4での曲げ性」である。割れが認められた場合は”○”、割れが認められなかった場合は”×”とし、R/tが1.4で割れが発生しなければ合格(○)とした。
得られた鋼板から幅800mm、長さ500mmの評価に供するサンプルを10枚採取し、鋼板表面の不めっきの有無を目視および10倍のルーペを用いて観察した。不めっき(めっきが形成されない領域)が観察されなかった場合は”○”とし、不めっきが認められた場合は”×”とした。
以上により得られた結果を表3に示す。
Claims (8)
- 質量%で、
C:0.07%以上0.14%以下、 Si:0.65%以上1.65%以下、
Mn:1.8%以上2.6%以下、 P:0.05%以下、
S:0.005%以下、 Al:0.08%以下、
N:0.0060%以下、 Ti:0.005%以上0.030%以下、
B:0.0002%以上0.0030%以下
と、Cr:0.01%以上0.40%以下およびMo:0.01%以上0.50%以下から選択される一種または二種とを含有し、下記(1)式を満たし、残部がFeおよび不可避的不純物からなる成分組成を有し、
フェライト相の平均粒径が1.5μm以下、フェライト相の面積率が2%以上15%以下、焼き戻しマルテンサイト相の面積率が75%以上96%以下、単位面積当たりの、焼き戻されていないマルテンサイト相とフェライト相との界面長さおよび焼き戻されていないマルテンサイト相と焼き戻しマルテンサイト相との界面長さの合計値が6.3×108μm/m2以上5.0×1011μm/m2以下である高強度鋼板。
ここで、[%M](M=Cr,Mo,C)は、それぞれ、質量%での各元素の含有量を表す。 - 前記成分組成に加えてさらに、質量%で、
V:0.001%以上0.3%以下、
Cu:0.001%以上0.1%以下、
およびNi:0.001%以上0.2%以下から選択される1種または2種以上を含有する請求項1に記載の高強度鋼板。 - 表面に溶融めっき層を有する請求項1または2に記載の高強度鋼板。
- 前記溶融めっき層が、質量%で、Fe:5.0%以上20.0%以下、Al:0.001%以上1.0%以下と、Pb、Sb、Si、Sn、Mg、Mn、Ni、Cr、Co、Ca、Cu、Li、Ti、Be、BiおよびREMから選択される1種または2種以上を合計0%以上3.5%以下とを含有し、残部がZn及び不可避不純物からなる成分組成を有する請求項3に記載の高強度鋼板。
- 前記溶融めっき層が、合金化溶融めっき層である請求項3または4に記載の高強度鋼板。
- 請求項1または2に記載の成分組成を有する鋼素材を、1100℃以上1300℃以下で加熱し、仕上げ圧延が820℃以上である熱間圧延を施し、仕上げ圧延終了後3秒以内に冷却を開始し仕上げ圧延温度から700℃まで平均冷却速度30℃/s以上80℃/s未満で冷却した後、巻取温度まで平均冷却速度10℃/s以下で冷却し、巻取温度580℃以上680℃以下で巻き取る熱間圧延工程と、
前記熱間圧延工程後に、冷間圧延を施す冷間圧延工程と、
前記冷間圧延工程後に、500℃以上(Ac3-120)℃以下の温度域の平均加熱速度が4.5℃/s以上で(Ac3-50)℃以上(Ac3-10)℃以下まで加熱し、(Ms-150)℃以下まで冷却した後、200℃以上440℃以下の温度域で15秒以上滞留させる焼鈍工程とを有する高強度鋼板の製造方法。 - 焼鈍工程後に、450℃以上600℃以下に再度加熱して溶融めっき処理する溶融めっき工程を有する請求項6に記載の高強度鋼板の製造方法。
- 溶融めっき工程において、溶融めっき処理の後さらに合金化処理する請求項7に記載の高強度鋼板の製造方法。
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| MX2022007053A (es) * | 2019-12-13 | 2022-07-11 | Arcelormittal | Hoja de acero laminada en frio tratada termicamente y un metodo de fabricacion de la misma. |
| KR102440757B1 (ko) * | 2020-12-03 | 2022-09-08 | 주식회사 포스코 | 굽힘가공성이 우수한 초고강도 냉연강판 및 그 제조방법 |
| SE545210C2 (en) * | 2020-12-23 | 2023-05-23 | Voestalpine Stahl Gmbh | Coiling temperature influenced cold rolled strip or steel |
| SE544819C2 (en) * | 2021-04-07 | 2022-12-06 | Toyota Motor Europe Nv/Sa | High strength cold rolled steel sheet for automotive use having excellent global formability and bending property |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| EP3498876B1 (en) | 2020-11-25 |
| EP3498876A4 (en) | 2019-08-07 |
| MX2019001148A (es) | 2019-06-10 |
| CN109642280B (zh) | 2020-11-17 |
| KR20190022786A (ko) | 2019-03-06 |
| JP6384623B2 (ja) | 2018-09-05 |
| CN109642280A (zh) | 2019-04-16 |
| EP3498876A1 (en) | 2019-06-19 |
| JPWO2018030502A1 (ja) | 2018-08-09 |
| US11186889B2 (en) | 2021-11-30 |
| KR102177591B1 (ko) | 2020-11-11 |
| US20200347473A1 (en) | 2020-11-05 |
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