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WO2018018908A1 - 一种太阳能电池片及组件及其制备工艺 - Google Patents

一种太阳能电池片及组件及其制备工艺 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018018908A1
WO2018018908A1 PCT/CN2017/078348 CN2017078348W WO2018018908A1 WO 2018018908 A1 WO2018018908 A1 WO 2018018908A1 CN 2017078348 W CN2017078348 W CN 2017078348W WO 2018018908 A1 WO2018018908 A1 WO 2018018908A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
solar cell
back electrode
laser cutting
line
main gate
Prior art date
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Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2017/078348
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
朱旭东
史孟杰
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Nice Sun Pv Co ltd
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Nice Sun Pv Co ltd
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Priority to KR1020197002982A priority Critical patent/KR20190029625A/ko
Publication of WO2018018908A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018018908A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
    • H10F19/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one photovoltaic cell covered by group H10F10/00, e.g. photovoltaic modules
    • H10F19/90—Structures for connecting between photovoltaic cells, e.g. interconnections or insulating spacers
    • H10F19/902—Structures for connecting between photovoltaic cells, e.g. interconnections or insulating spacers for series or parallel connection of photovoltaic cells
    • H10F19/908—Structures for connecting between photovoltaic cells, e.g. interconnections or insulating spacers for series or parallel connection of photovoltaic cells for back-contact photovoltaic cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
    • H10F19/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one photovoltaic cell covered by group H10F10/00, e.g. photovoltaic modules
    • H10F19/90—Structures for connecting between photovoltaic cells, e.g. interconnections or insulating spacers
    • H10F19/902—Structures for connecting between photovoltaic cells, e.g. interconnections or insulating spacers for series or parallel connection of photovoltaic cells
    • H10F19/904—Structures for connecting between photovoltaic cells, e.g. interconnections or insulating spacers for series or parallel connection of photovoltaic cells characterised by the shapes of the structures
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
    • H10F19/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one photovoltaic cell covered by group H10F10/00, e.g. photovoltaic modules
    • H10F19/90—Structures for connecting between photovoltaic cells, e.g. interconnections or insulating spacers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
    • H10F71/00—Manufacture or treatment of devices covered by this subclass
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
    • H10F71/00—Manufacture or treatment of devices covered by this subclass
    • H10F71/137—Batch treatment of the devices
    • H10F71/1375—Apparatus for automatic interconnection of photovoltaic cells in a module
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
    • H10F77/00—Constructional details of devices covered by this subclass
    • H10F77/10—Semiconductor bodies
    • H10F77/16—Material structures, e.g. crystalline structures, film structures or crystal plane orientations
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
    • H10F77/00—Constructional details of devices covered by this subclass
    • H10F77/20—Electrodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
    • H10F77/00—Constructional details of devices covered by this subclass
    • H10F77/20—Electrodes
    • H10F77/206—Electrodes for devices having potential barriers
    • H10F77/211—Electrodes for devices having potential barriers for photovoltaic cells
    • H10F77/219—Arrangements for electrodes of back-contact photovoltaic cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
    • H10F77/00—Constructional details of devices covered by this subclass
    • H10F77/93—Interconnections
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a solar cell panel assembly, in particular to a solar cell sheet and assembly and a preparation process thereof.
  • a wedge electrode for crystal silicon solar cell connection ZL201210106034XCN
  • a wedge electrode for crystal silicon solar cell connection which is characterized.
  • the electrode wedge segment and the electrode segment are connected together, the electrode wedge segment is in contact with the front surface of the crystalline silicon solar cell sheet and is welded together, the electrode segment and the crystalline silicon solar cell sheet The back side is in contact and welded together.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a solar cell sheet, including a single crystal, polycrystalline or quasi-single crystal battery, especially a high-electricity parameter, high-performance solar cell, which can be used for subsequent laser cutting, and using a solder paste to cut
  • the screen printing graphic design of the cell stack production assembly can increase the relative power of the component by at least 2% to solve the problem that the higher the optical performance of the prior art, the higher the system electrical loss.
  • the invention only needs to make a small modification of the probe system of the IV test device of the solar cell sheet, has small changes to the battery production line, and does not increase the production cost of the battery end, and is an easy-to-implement, low-cost new battery. .
  • a solar cell sheet in which a main gate line of a solar cell sheet and a back electrode of a back surface thereof are alternately arranged, in place of a design in which the previous main gate line and the back electrode overlap in the same plane.
  • the solar cell sheet is divided into a plurality of solar cell slices by laser cutting lines, each of the solar cell slices having at least one main gate line and one back electrode, and the main grid line is adjacent to the solar cell slice parallel to the laser cutting On one side of the line direction, the back electrode is adjacent to the other side of the solar cell slice parallel to the direction of the laser cutting line.
  • the main gate lines on each of the solar cell slices are close to the same side.
  • the shortest linear distance between the main grid line and the laser cutting line is not more than 0.8 mm except for the main grid line near the solar cell frame.
  • the shortest linear distance between the back electrode and the laser cutting line is not more than 0.8 mm except for the back electrode near the solar cell frame.
  • the shortest linear distance between the main grid line near the solar cell frame and the solar cell frame parallel to the main grid line direction does not exceed 0.8 mm.
  • the shortest linear distance between the back electrode adjacent to the solar cell frame and the solar cell frame parallel to the direction of the back electrode does not exceed 0.8 mm.
  • the width of the main gate line does not exceed 1 mm.
  • the width of the back electrode does not exceed 1 mm.
  • a solar cell module using a solar cell chip comprising at least two solar cell slices, the back electrode of the upper solar cell slice and the main grid line of the next solar cell slice are abutted, and the tin is coated at the abutment The paste is connected.
  • the solder paste has a thickness of 0.15 to 0.5 mm.
  • a preparation process of a solar cell module using a solar cell sheet comprising the following steps:
  • the solar cell chip is subjected to a splitting operation to be divided into individual solar cell slices;
  • the solder paste may be performed simultaneously with the printing of the main gate line and the back electrode of the solar cell in step 2), or may be performed after the end of step 4).
  • the solar cell slices can be stacked on top of each other and coated with solder paste at the joints.
  • the connection is cured by heating and re-cooling.
  • This printing graphic design is different from the existing traditional battery design.
  • the main grid line and the back electrode of the solar cell slice are not in the upper and lower overlapping positions, but are staggered. design.
  • the solder paste can be applied to the contact surface of the main grid line and the back electrode of the battery sheet by printing, spraying, etc., after applying the solder paste.
  • the solar cell slice is welded and connected by infrared heating or hot air heating.
  • the solder paste can be applied to the contact surface of the main grid line and the back electrode of the battery sheet by printing, spraying, etc., after applying the solder paste and then according to the assembly.
  • the solar cell slice is welded and connected to form a component by infrared heating or hot air heating.
  • the conventional component manufacturing adopts a method in which a solder ribbon and a bus bar are connected to the internal solar cell sheet, and the system has higher electrical loss of the system for the battery sheet with better optical performance.
  • the idea of the present invention is to design a screen printing pattern of a solar cell that can be used for laser cutting, and to solder the cut cell sheet by solder paste, thereby reducing the current of the single cell and causing electrical loss of the component system. cut back.
  • the package loss of the component can be relatively reduced by 85%-93%.
  • the present application adopts a design in which the main gate line of the solar cell sheet and the back electrode of the back surface thereof are alternately arranged, instead of overlapping the previous main gate line and the back electrode in the same plane, so that When the top and bottom stacking design is carried out, the shading surface can be reduced as much as possible to improve the power generation efficiency of the battery.
  • the front surface area of ordinary silicon-based batteries is about 7%.
  • the solder paste is used in the present invention, so the width of the electrodes can be smaller than that of the conventional battery sheets.
  • the current design is 1 to 1.4 mm.
  • the design is No more than 1mm, the positive electrode area is reduced by 30% to 40%, which can reduce the shading loss of the front main grid of the cell and improve the output power of the component;
  • the battery chip spacing is generally 2 ⁇ 3mm, and in this application, the stacking method for component connection can omit the spacing of 2 ⁇ 3mm, taking 60 battery slices as an example, with 6 batteries The chip slice is connected, and the 10 cell module is used as a solar cell unit.
  • the method of the present application can greatly reduce the occupied area of the solar cell unit. If the same area is used, the design of 60 pieces can be used for laying more by the present application.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a front surface of a solar cell sheet of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a back surface of a solar cell sheet of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a partially enlarged schematic view showing a portion of a main grid line and a laser cutting line of a solar cell sheet of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a prior art solar cell module
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of a solar cell module of the present invention.
  • Fig. 6 is a view showing the effect of the solar battery module of the present invention after connection.
  • a solar cell sheet using a new printed pattern the main gate line 2 of the solar cell sheet 1 and the back electrode 3 on the back side thereof are alternately arranged, in place of the previous main gate line 2 and the back electrode 3 overlapping in the same plane. design.
  • the solar cell sheet is divided into a plurality of solar cell slices 5 by laser cutting lines 4, each of which has at least one main gate line 2 and one back electrode 3, and the main grid line 2 is adjacent to the solar cell slice 5.
  • the back electrode 3 is adjacent to the other side of the solar cell slice 5 in the direction parallel to the laser cutting line 4.
  • the main gate lines 2 on each of the solar cell chips 5 are close to the same side.
  • the shortest linear distance between the main grid line 2 and the laser cutting line 4 is 0.8 mm except for the main grid line 2 near the frame of the solar cell sheet 1.
  • the shortest linear distance between the back electrode 3 and the laser cutting line 4 was 0.8 mm except for the back electrode 3 near the frame of the solar cell sheet 1.
  • the shortest linear distance between the main grid line 2 near the frame of the solar cell 1 and the frame of the solar cell 1 parallel to the direction of the main grid line 2 is 0.8 mm.
  • the shortest linear distance between the back electrode 3 near the frame of the solar cell 1 and the frame of the solar cell 1 parallel to the direction of the back electrode 3 was 0.8 mm.
  • the width of the main gate line 2 is 1 mm.
  • the back electrode 3 has a width of 1 mm.
  • the solar cell sheet 1 is divided into a plurality of solar cell slices 5 by laser cutting lines 4, each of which has at least one main gate line 2 and one back electrode 3, and the main grid line 2 is close to the solar cell slice. 5 is parallel to the side of the laser cutting line 4, and the back electrode 3 is adjacent to the other side of the solar cell slice 5 in the direction parallel to the laser cutting line 4.
  • the main gate lines 2 on each of the solar cell chips 5 are close to the same side.
  • the shortest linear distance between the main grid line 2 and the laser cutting line 4 is 0.1 mm except for the main grid line 2 near the frame of the solar cell sheet 1.
  • the shortest linear distance between the back electrode 3 and the laser cutting line 4 was 0.1 mm except for the back electrode 3 near the frame of the solar cell sheet 1.
  • the shortest linear distance between the main grid line 2 near the frame of the solar cell sheet 1 and the frame of the solar cell sheet 1 parallel to the main grid line 2 is 0.1 mm.
  • the shortest linear distance between the back electrode 3 near the frame of the solar cell 1 and the frame of the solar cell 1 parallel to the direction of the back electrode 3 was 0.1 mm.
  • the width of the main gate line 2 is 0.1 mm.
  • the back electrode 3 has a width of 0.1 mm.
  • the position does not exceed 0.8mm and 1mm, the actual excess will definitely leave room for it.
  • the laser has a region, so here 0.1mm is used, of course, 0.05mm or 0.01mm can also be used.
  • This printed graphic design is different from the existing conventional battery design.
  • the front and back electrodes of the battery sheets are not in the upper and lower overlapping positions, but are staggered.
  • the solder paste can be applied to the front or back electrode of the battery sheet by printing, spraying, etc., after applying the solder paste, and then according to the battery piece in the assembly.
  • the typesetting is required to be typeset, the battery piece is welded and connected by infrared heating or hot air heating.
  • the solar cell sheet 1 is divided into four solar cell slices by three laser cutting lines, each of which has at least one main gate line 2 and one back electrode 3, and the main grid line 2 is close to the solar cell.
  • the slice 5 is parallel to one side of the direction of the laser cutting line 4, and the back electrode 3 is adjacent to the other side of the solar cell slice 5 in the direction parallel to the laser cutting line 4.
  • the main gate lines 2 on each of the solar cell chips 5 are close to the same side.
  • the arrangement of the main grid lines 2 on the same side may also be replaced by the fact that the main grid lines 2 on the solar cell slice 5 are close to the intermediate position, and the main grid line 2 of each solar cell slice 5 is close to the center of the solar cell sheet 1.
  • the laser cutting line 4 is parallel to the laser cutting line 4, and the back electrode 3 is away from the center laser cutting line 4 side of the solar cell 1 and parallel to the laser cutting line 4.
  • the shortest linear distance between the main grid line 2 and the laser cutting line 4 is 0.45 mm except for the main grid line 2 near the frame of the solar cell sheet 1.
  • the shortest linear distance between the back electrode 3 and the laser cutting line 4 is 0.45 mm, except for the back electrode 3 near the frame of the solar cell sheet 1.
  • the shortest linear distance between the main grid line 2 near the frame of the solar cell sheet 1 and the frame of the solar cell sheet 1 parallel to the direction of the main grid line 2 is 0.45 mm.
  • the shortest linear distance between the back electrode 3 near the frame of the solar cell 1 and the frame of the solar cell 1 parallel to the direction of the back electrode 3 was 0.45 mm.
  • the width of the main gate line 2 is 0.2 mm.
  • the back electrode 3 has a width of 0.5 mm.
  • the main grid line 2 is designed continuously, and can be segmented according to actual needs; the back electrode is the same.
  • the thickness of the main gate line 2 and the back electrode 3 can be printed according to the general process requirements of the current screen printing of the battery sheet, and there is no special requirement. Currently, the printing thickness is generally 12 to 25 um.
  • the laser cutting line 4 has a width of 0.1 to 1.6 mm.
  • the groove width of the battery sheet may vary according to the size of the laser spot, but will not exceed twice the width of the cutting line;
  • the distance between two adjacent main grid lines 2 is the width of each solar cell slice.
  • a wedge electrode for connecting a crystalline silicon solar cell characterized in that it comprises a electrode wedge segment and a electrode segment, the electrode wedge segment and the electrode segment are connected together, and the electrode wedge segment is in contact with the front surface of the crystalline silicon solar cell sheet And soldered together, the electrode segments are in contact with the back side of the crystalline silicon solar cell sheet and soldered together.
  • a solar cell module using a laminated design comprising at least two solar cell slices 5, the back electrode 3 of the upper solar cell slice 5 and the main grid line 2 of the next solar cell slice 5 are in contact with each other
  • the solder paste 6 is applied to the connection.
  • the back electrode 3 and the main gate line 2 on each of the solar cell chips 5 are alternately arranged.
  • the back electrode 3 on each of the solar cell slices 5 is adjacent to one side of the solar cell slice 5, and the main gate line 2 is adjacent to the other side of the solar cell slice 5.
  • the shortest straight line distance between the back electrode 3 and the main grid line 2 and the solar cell slice 5 on each solar cell slice 5 in a direction parallel to the main gate line 2 is not more than 0.8 mm.
  • the solder paste 6 has a thickness of 0.15 to 0.5 mm.
  • the solder paste 6 can be applied to the abutment of the main gate line 2 and the back electrode 3 of the solar cell slice 5 by printing, spraying, etc., and the solder paste is applied. After 6th, according to the typesetting requirements of the solar cut cell sheet 5 in the module, the solar cell slice 5 is welded and connected to form a component by infrared heating or hot air heating.
  • a wedge electrode for connecting a crystalline silicon solar cell comprising a wedge segment of the electrode and a segment of the electrode, the wedge segment and the electrode segment being joined together, the wedge segment of the electrode being in contact with the front surface of the crystalline silicon solar cell and soldered together
  • the electrode segments are in contact with the back side of the crystalline silicon solar cell sheet and are soldered together.
  • the solar cell slices of the present application are stacked, and the layout of different components can be used to reduce the spacing of the cells to increase the output power of the components by more than 2%.
  • the solar cell slices of the present application are stacked at the same time, and the solder paste layer is applied to the abutment between the slices to realize the connection, so the width of the electrodes can be smaller than that of the current conventional cells, and at the same time, the back of each solar cell slice
  • the shortest straight line distance between the electrode and the main grid line and the solar cell slice along the frame parallel to the main grid line direction does not exceed 0.8 mm. If the frame is 0, the shading area can be effectively reduced and the output power of the component can be improved.
  • a preparation process of a solar cell module using a solar cell sheet comprising the following steps:
  • the solar cell sheet is subjected to a splitting operation to be divided into individual solar cell slices 5;
  • the solder paste 6 can be simultaneously printed in the step 2) of the printed solar cell 1 main gate line 2 and the back electrode 3 Alternatively, the solder paste 6 may be applied after the end of step 4).
  • the solar cell chips 5 are stacked one on top of the other and the solder paste 6 is applied to the joints, and then the joints can be solidified by soldering or heating and re-cooling.
  • the invention provides a solar cell sheet and a component and a preparation process thereof, and the method and the method for realizing the technical solution are many.
  • the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that it is common to the technical field.
  • the skilled person will be able to make several modifications and retouchings without departing from the principles of the invention. These modifications and refinements are also considered to be within the scope of the invention, and various components not specifically identified in this embodiment are available.
  • the prior art is implemented.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)

Abstract

一种太阳能电池片（1），其主栅线（2）和其背面的背电极（3）交错设置，取代之前的主栅线和背电极在同一平面内位置重叠的设计，同时此太阳能电池片组成组件，采用堆叠和焊接的方式连接，首先，此太阳能电池片切割后得到的太阳能电池切片（5）应用于叠片设计，组成新的太阳能电池组件，其次，从材料上来说，采用锡膏（6）取代了焊带或者汇流条，大大减少了成本，再则，通过堆叠的方式进行连接，大大减少了电学损失，提升了组件整体的发电效率。

Description

一种太阳能电池片及组件及其制备工艺 技术领域
本发明涉及一种太阳能电池片组件，特别是一种太阳能电池片及组件及其制备工艺。
背景技术
当今世界能源短缺，对于太阳能这种清洁能源的开发利用已经成为世界各国利用新能源的重要项目，而如何提高太阳能电池片的发电效率是各大光伏企业研发工作的重点，目前新技术太阳能电池，如PERC电池、HIT电池、MWT电池等已经在各企业中研发试验或者小批量生产。
目前组件的生产均采用焊带和汇流条对其内部的太阳能电池片进行连接，如一种晶体硅太阳能电池连接用的楔形焊条(ZL201210106034XCN)，一种晶体硅太阳电池连接用的楔形焊条，其特征在于，它包括有焊条楔形段和焊条段，所述焊条楔形段和焊条段连接在一起，焊条楔形段与晶体硅太阳电池片的正面接触并且焊接在一起，焊条段与晶体硅太阳电池片的背面接触并且焊接在一起。采用这种方式对于光学性能越优的电池片，其系统电学损失越高，如何充分的利用现有的太阳能电池片或者新技术电池片的电学性能，减少高效电池片在组件端的电学损耗，一直是各光伏企业研究的课题，本发明所提出的新型印刷图形设计，可以有效的解决此类问题。
发明内容
发明目的：对于晶硅太阳能电池，其禁带宽度是恒定的，激光切割后，理论上每片电池片的电压不变，电流变小，再将这些切割后的电池片串联后，由于切割后的电池片电流低于原电池片电流，使得组件端封装导致的电学损失减少。本发明的目的在于针对太阳能电池片，包括单晶、多晶或者准单晶电池，特别是高电学参数、高性能的太阳能电池，提供一种可用于后续激光切割，并采用锡膏将切割后的电池片堆叠生产组件的丝网印刷图形设计，可将组件的相对功率提升至少2％以上以解决现有技术光学性能越优的电池片，其系统电学损失越高的问题。
并且该发明，只需将太阳能电池片的IV测试设备的探针系统进行较小的改造，对电池生产线的改动小，且未增加电池端的生产成本，为一种易实现、低成本的新型电池。
技术方案：本发明采用如下技术方案：
一种太阳能电池片，所述太阳能电池片的主栅线和其背面的背电极交错设置，取代之前的主栅线和背电极在同一平面内位置重叠的设计。
作为优化，所述太阳能电池片被激光切割线均分成若干太阳能电池切片，所述每个太阳能电池切片上均至少有一根主栅线和一个背电极，主栅线靠近太阳能电池切片平行于激光切割线方向的一侧，背电极靠近太阳能电池切片平行于激光切割线方向的另一侧。
作为优化，所述每个太阳能电池切片上的主栅线靠近同一侧。
作为优化，除靠近太阳能电池片边框的主栅线外，所述主栅线与激光切割线的最短直线距离不超过0.8mm。
作为优化，除靠近太阳能电池片边框的背电极外，所述背电极与激光切割线的最短直线距离不超过0.8mm。
作为优化，靠近太阳能电池片边框的主栅线与平行于主栅线方向的太阳能电池片边框之间的最短直线距离不超过0.8mm。
作为优化，靠近太阳能电池片边框的背电极与平行于背电极方向的太阳能电池片边框之间的最短直线距离不超过0.8mm。
作为优化，所述主栅线的宽度不超过1mm。
作为优化，所述背电极的宽度不超过1mm。
一种采用太阳能电池片的太阳能电池组件，包括至少两块太阳能电池切片，所述上一片太阳能电池切片的背电极和下一片太阳能电池切片的主栅线贴靠，并在贴靠处涂覆锡膏进行连接。
作为优化，所述锡膏厚度为0.15～0.5mm。
一种采用太阳能电池片的太阳能电池组件的制备工艺，包括以下步骤：
1)生产太阳能电池片；
2)划定激光切割线，根据激光切割线的位置印刷太阳能电池片主栅线和背电极，保证主栅线和背电极交错设置；
3)根据激光切割线的位置对太阳能电池片进行激光切割；
4)激光切割完成后将太阳能电池片进行裂片操作，使之分割成一个个的太阳能电池切片；
5)将一个个的太阳能电池切片上下堆叠并通过锡膏连接成太阳能电池组件。
作为优化，锡膏可以在步骤2)的印刷太阳能电池片主栅线和背电极的同时进行，也可以再步骤4)结束后进行锡膏涂覆。
作为优化，太阳能电池切片上下堆叠并在连接处涂覆锡膏后可以通过焊接或 者加热再冷却的方式进行连接固化。
工作原理：本印刷图形设计与现有的传统电池设计不同，为了保证切割后的电池片可堆叠焊接使用，其太阳能电池切片的主栅线和背电极并非处于上、下重叠位置，而是交错设计。这样，在激光沿着平行正、负电极位置切割后，可以采用印刷、喷涂等技术，将锡膏涂布到电池片的主栅线和背电极的贴靠处，涂布锡膏后再根据组件中太阳能电池切片的排版要求进行排版后，最后采用红外加热或者热风加热的方式，将太阳能电池切片进行焊接连接。
在激光沿着平行正、负电极位置切割后，可以采用印刷、喷涂等技术，将锡膏涂布到电池片的主栅线和背电极的贴靠处，涂布锡膏后再根据组件中太阳能电池切片的排版要求进行排版后，最后采用红外加热或者热风加热的方式，将太阳能电池切片进行焊接连接，形成组件。
有益效果：本发明与现有技术相比：
1、目前传统的组件制造采用焊带和汇流条对其内部的太阳能电池片进行连接的方式，这种方式对于光学性能越优的电池片，其系统电学损失越高。而本发明的思路是设计一种可用于激光切割的太阳能电池片丝网印刷图形，并将切割后的电池片采用锡膏堆叠焊接，降低了单片电池片的电流，使得组件系统的电学损失减少。理论上，按本设计将电池片切割4片后，组件的封装损耗可相对降低85％-93％。
2、而为了能够达到此种效果，本申请采用太阳能电池片的主栅线和其背面的背电极交错设置，取代之前的主栅线和背电极在同一平面内位置重叠的设计，使得其在进行上下堆叠设计时能够尽量的减少遮光面，提高电池的发电效率。
3、目前普通硅基电池的正面遮光面积在7％左右，本发明后续采用焊锡膏焊接的方式，故电极的宽度可小于目前的常规电池片，目前常规设计为1～1.4mm，本设计为不超过1mm，正电极面积相对减少30％～40％，这样可减少电池片正面主栅带来遮光损失，提高组件的输出功率；
4、在常规组件中，电池片片间距一般是2～3mm，而本申请中采用堆叠的方式进行组件连接可以将2～3mm的间距省略，以60片电池片切片为例，以6片电池片切片连接，10条电池片组件作为一个太阳能电池单元，采用本申请的方法，可以大大减少太阳电池片单元占用面积，如果是相同的面积，则采用60片的设计，能够通过本申请多铺设2.5片电池片切片，增加电池片单元发电功率，各厂家通过实验论证，通过不同的组件的排版以减少电池片的间距可使得组件的输出功率提升2％以上，本设计电池片的组件焊接是堆叠焊，有效的减少了常规组件中单片电池片的间距，提升了组件的转化效率和功率。
附图说明
图1为本发明太阳能电池片正面的结构示意图；
图2为本发明太阳能电池片背面的结构示意图；
图3为本发明太阳能电池片主栅线与激光切割线部分的局部放大示意图；
图4为现有技术的太阳能电池组件结构示意图；
图5为本发明的太阳能电池组件结构示意图；
图6为本发明的太阳能电池组件连接后的效果图。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步描述，如附图1至附图6所示:
实施例1
一种采用新印刷图形的太阳能电池片，所述太阳能电池片1的主栅线2和其背面的背电极3交错设置，取代之前的主栅线2和背电极3在同一平面内位置重叠的设计。
所述太阳能电池片被激光切割线4均分成若干太阳能电池切片5，所述每个太阳能电池切片5上均至少有一根主栅线2和一个背电极3，主栅线2靠近太阳能电池切片5平行于激光切割线4方向的一侧，背电极3靠近太阳能电池切片5平行于激光切割线4方向的另一侧。
所述每个太阳能电池切片5上的主栅线2靠近同一侧。
除靠近太阳能电池片1边框的主栅线2外，所述主栅线2与激光切割线4的最短直线距离为0.8mm。
除靠近太阳能电池片1边框的背电极3外，所述背电极3与激光切割线4的最短直线距离为0.8mm。
靠近太阳能电池片1边框的主栅线2与平行于主栅线2方向的太阳能电池片1边框之间的最短直线距离为0.8mm。
靠近太阳能电池片1边框的背电极3与平行于背电极3方向的太阳能电池片1边框之间的最短直线距离为0.8mm。
所述主栅线2的宽度为1mm。
所述背电极3的宽度为1mm。
实施例2
一种采用新印刷图形的太阳能电池片1，所述太阳能电池片1的主栅线2和其背面的背电极3交错设置，取代之前的主栅线2和背电极3在同一平面内位置 重叠的设计。
所述太阳能电池片1被激光切割线4均分成若干太阳能电池切片5，所述每个太阳能电池切片5上均至少有一根主栅线2和一个背电极3，主栅线2靠近太阳能电池切片5平行于激光切割线4方向的一侧，背电极3靠近太阳能电池切片5平行于激光切割线4方向的另一侧。
所述每个太阳能电池切片5上的主栅线2靠近同一侧。
除靠近太阳能电池片1边框的主栅线2外，所述主栅线2与激光切割线4的最短直线距离为0.1mm。
除靠近太阳能电池片1边框的背电极3外，所述背电极3与激光切割线4的最短直线距离为0.1mm。
靠近太阳能电池片1边框的主栅线2与平行于主栅线2方向的太阳能电池片1边框之间的最短直线距离为0.1mm。
靠近太阳能电池片1边框的背电极3与平行于背电极3方向的太阳能电池片1边框之间的最短直线距离为0.1mm。
所述主栅线2的宽度为0.1mm。
所述背电极3的宽度为0.1mm。
虽然限定中有论述到位不超过0.8mm和1mm，但是实际超过肯定会留有余地，毕竟激光有区域，故此处举例0.1mm，当然也可以采用0.05mm或者0.01mm。
本印刷图形设计与现有的传统电池设计不同，为了保证切割后的电池片可堆叠焊接使用，其电池片的正面电极和背面电极并非处于上、下重叠位置，而是交错设计。这样，在激光沿着平行正、负电极位置切割后，可以采用印刷、喷涂等技术，将锡膏涂布到电池片的正面或者背面的电极上，涂布锡膏后再根据组件中电池片的排版要求进行排版后，最后采用红外加热或者热风加热的方式，将电池片进行焊接连接。
实施例3
以将太阳能电池片激光划分为4个太阳能电池切片为例，
一种采用新印刷图形的太阳能电池片1，所述太阳能电池片的主栅线2和其背面的背电极3交错设置，取代之前的主栅线2和背电极3在同一平面内位置重叠的设计。
所述太阳能电池片1被3根激光切割线均分成4个太阳能电池切片，所述每个太阳能电池切片5上均至少有一根主栅线2和一个背电极3，主栅线2靠近太阳能电池切片5平行于激光切割线4方向的一侧，背电极3靠近太阳能电池切片5平行于激光切割线4方向的另一侧。
所述每个太阳能电池切片5上的主栅线2靠近同一侧。
主栅线2靠近同一侧的设置也可采用如下方式替代：所述太阳能电池切片5上的主栅线2向中间位置靠拢，每个太阳能电池切片5的主栅线2靠近太阳能电池片1中心激光切割线4并平行于激光切割线4，背电极3远离太阳能电池1中心激光切割线4一侧并平行于激光切割线4。
除靠近太阳能电池片1边框的主栅线2外，所述主栅线2与激光切割线4的最短直线距离为0.45mm。
除靠近太阳能电池片1边框的背电极3外，所述背电极3与激光切割线4的最短直线距离为0.45mm。
靠近太阳能电池片1边框的主栅线2与平行于主栅线2方向的太阳能电池片1边框之间的最短直线距离为0.45mm。
靠近太阳能电池片1边框的背电极3与平行于背电极3方向的太阳能电池片1边框之间的最短直线距离为0.45mm。
所述主栅线2的宽度为0.2mm。
所述背电极3的宽度为0.5mm。
主栅线2本次采用连续设计，可根据实际需要采用分段设计；背电极一样。
主栅线2和背电极3的厚度根据目前电池片丝网印刷的一般工艺要求印刷即可，无特殊要求，目前一般印刷厚度在12～25um。
激光切割线4宽度为0.1～1.6mm。
激光切割线4切割完成后电池片的凹槽宽度根据激光光斑的大小会产生大小的差异，但不会超过切割线宽度的两倍；
相邻的两条主栅线2之间的距离为每一片太阳能电池切片的宽度。
对比例1
一种晶体硅太阳电池连接用的楔形焊条，其特征在于，它包括有焊条楔形段和焊条段，所述焊条楔形段和焊条段连接在一起，焊条楔形段与晶体硅太阳电池片的正面接触并且焊接在一起，焊条段与晶体硅太阳电池片的背面接触并且焊接在一起。
采用这种方式对于光学性能越优的电池片，其系统电学损失越高。
实施例4
一种采用叠片设计的太阳能电池组件，包括至少两块太阳能电池切片5，所述上一片太阳能电池切片5的背电极3和下一片太阳能电池切片5的主栅线2贴靠，并在贴靠处涂覆锡膏6进行连接。
所述每个太阳能电池切片5上的背电极3和主栅线2交错设置。
所述每个太阳能电池切片5上的背电极3靠近太阳能电池切片5的一侧，而主栅线2靠近太阳能电池切片5的另一侧。
所述每个太阳能电池切片5上的背电极3和主栅线2与太阳能电池切片5沿平行于主栅线2方向的边框的最短直线距离不超过0.8mm。
所述锡膏6厚度为0.15～0.5mm。
在激光沿着平行正、负电极位置切割后，可以采用印刷、喷涂等技术，将锡膏6涂布到太阳能电池切片5的主栅线2和背电极3的贴靠处，涂布锡膏6后再根据组件中太阳能切电池片5的排版要求进行排版后，最后采用红外加热或者热风加热的方式，将太阳能电池切片5进行焊接连接，形成组件。
对比例2
一种晶体硅太阳电池连接用的楔形焊条，它包括有焊条楔形段和焊条段，所述焊条楔形段和焊条段连接在一起，焊条楔形段与晶体硅太阳电池片的正面接触并且焊接在一起，焊条段与晶体硅太阳电池片的背面接触并且焊接在一起。
由上述实施例4和对比例2可以看出，本发明和对比实施例间最大的区别即在于：
1、本申请的太阳能电池切片之间采用堆叠的方式，通过不同的组件的排版以减少电池片的间距可使得组件的输出功率提升2％以上。
2、本申请的太阳能电池切片堆叠的同时，需在切片间贴靠处涂覆锡膏层来实现连接，故电极的宽度可小于目前的常规电池片，同时，每个太阳能电池切片上的背电极和主栅线与太阳能电池切片沿平行于主栅线方向的边框的最短直线距离不超过0.8mm。采用边框为0的话，可以有效的减少遮光面积，提高组件的输出功率。
实施例5
一种采用太阳能电池片的太阳能电池组件的制备工艺，包括以下步骤：
1)生产太阳能电池片1；
2)划定激光切割线4，根据激光切割线4的位置印刷太阳能电池片主栅线2和背电极3，保证主栅线2和背电极3交错设置；
3)根据激光切割线4的位置对太阳能电池片1进行激光切割；
4)激光切割完成后将太阳能电池片进行裂片操作，使之分割成一个个的太阳能电池切片5；
5)将一个个的太阳能电池切片5上下堆叠并通过锡膏6连接成太阳能电池组件。
锡膏6可以在步骤2)的印刷太阳能电池片1主栅线2和背电极3的同时进 行，也可以再步骤4)结束后进行锡膏6涂覆。
太阳能电池切片5上下堆叠并在连接处涂覆锡膏6后可以通过焊接或者加热再冷却的方式进行连接固化。
本发明提供了一种用于太阳能电池片及组件及其制备工艺，具体实现该技术方案的方法和途径很多，以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围，本实施例中未明确的各组成部分均可用现有技术加以实现。

Claims (13)

  1. 一种太阳能电池片，其特征在于：所述太阳能电池片的主栅线和其背面的背电极交错设置，取代之前的主栅线和背电极在同一平面内位置重叠的设计。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的太阳能电池片，其特征在于：所述太阳能电池片被激光切割线均分成若干太阳能电池切片，所述每个太阳能电池切片上均至少有一根主栅线和一个背电极，主栅线靠近太阳能电池切片平行于激光切割线方向的一侧，背电极靠近太阳能电池切片平行于激光切割线方向的另一侧。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的太阳能电池片，其特征在于：所述每个太阳能电池切片上的主栅线靠近同一侧。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的太阳能电池片，其特征在于：除靠近太阳能电池片边框的主栅线外，所述主栅线与激光切割线的最短直线距离不超过0.8mm。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的太阳能电池片，其特征在于：除靠近太阳能电池片边框的背电极外，所述背电极与激光切割线的最短直线距离不超过0.8mm。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的太阳能电池片，其特征在于：靠近太阳能电池片边框的主栅线与平行于主栅线方向的太阳能电池片边框之间的最短直线距离不超过0.8mm。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的太阳能电池片，其特征在于：靠近太阳能电池片边框的背电极与平行于背电极方向的太阳能电池片边框之间的最短直线距离不超过0.8mm。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的太阳能电池片，其特征在于：所述主栅线和背电极的宽度均不超过1mm。
  9. 一种采用如权利要求1所述的太阳能电池片的太阳能电池组件，包括至少两块太阳能电池切片，其特征在于：所述上一片太阳能电池切片的背电极和下一片太阳能电池切片的主栅线贴靠，并在贴靠处涂覆锡膏进行连接。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的太阳能电池组件，其特征在于：所述锡膏厚度为0.15～0.5mm。
  11. 一种如权利要求9所述的太阳能电池组件的制备工艺，其特征在于：包括以下步骤：
    1)生产太阳能电池片；
    2)划定激光切割线，根据激光切割线的位置印刷太阳能电池片主栅线和背电极，保证主栅线和背电极交错设置；
    3)根据激光切割线的位置对太阳能电池片进行激光切割；
    4)激光切割完成后将太阳能电池片进行裂片操作，使之分割成一个个的太阳能电池切片；
    5)将一个个的太阳能电池切片上下堆叠并通过锡膏连接成太阳能电池组件。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的太阳能电池组件的制备工艺，其特征在于：锡膏可以在步骤2)的印刷太阳能电池片主栅线和背电极的同时进行，也可以再步骤4)结束后进行锡膏涂覆。
  13. 根据权利要求11所述的太阳能电池组件的制备工艺，其特征在于：太阳能电池切片上下堆叠并在连接处涂覆锡膏后可以通过焊接或者加热再冷却的方式进行连接固化。
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