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WO2018016981A1 - Élément multicouches à transparence variable - Google Patents

Élément multicouches à transparence variable Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018016981A1
WO2018016981A1 PCT/RU2016/000458 RU2016000458W WO2018016981A1 WO 2018016981 A1 WO2018016981 A1 WO 2018016981A1 RU 2016000458 W RU2016000458 W RU 2016000458W WO 2018016981 A1 WO2018016981 A1 WO 2018016981A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
sheet
sheets
element according
elastic layer
elastic
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/RU2016/000458
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English (en)
Russian (ru)
Inventor
Сергей Анатольевич ДАВЫДЕНКО
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Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to PCT/RU2016/000458 priority Critical patent/WO2018016981A1/fr
Publication of WO2018016981A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018016981A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/54—Slab-like translucent elements
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B3/00—Window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing wall or like openings; Layout of fixed or moving closures, e.g. windows in wall or like openings; Features of rigidly-mounted outer frames relating to the mounting of wing frames
    • E06B3/32—Arrangements of wings characterised by the manner of movement; Arrangements of movable wings in openings; Features of wings or frames relating solely to the manner of movement of the wing
    • E06B3/34—Arrangements of wings characterised by the manner of movement; Arrangements of movable wings in openings; Features of wings or frames relating solely to the manner of movement of the wing with only one kind of movement
    • E06B3/36—Arrangements of wings characterised by the manner of movement; Arrangements of movable wings in openings; Features of wings or frames relating solely to the manner of movement of the wing with only one kind of movement with a single vertical axis of rotation at one side of the opening, or swinging through the opening
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
    • G02B5/20—Filters

Definitions

  • the element is multi-layered with varying transparency.
  • the claimed technical solution relates to optical technology and is intended for the manufacture of translucent structures.
  • a plate is known, the degree of transparency of which can be adjusted using atmospheric pressure (PCT application N ° PCT / CN02 / 00315, IPC B32B 7/02, publication WO 03/008188, 2003).
  • the film in the plate consists of a soft and elastic substance, on the one hand the upper layer is covered with small convex-concave points and can be additionally equipped with intersecting grooves.
  • the film is between two equally hard plates. These solid plates around the perimeter are tightly sealed, form an enclosed space, a channel that communicates with the external environment is withdrawn from a convenient hole location.
  • the first disadvantage of this analogue is that the absence of the said grooves makes it difficult to remove air from the space between the rigid sheets and the formation of areas of stagnation of air. Especially in the case of high speed air exhaust. For this reason, the presence of grooves is an essential feature that ensures the operability of an analog device.
  • the technical problem to which the claimed technical solution is directed is to increase the reliability of the response of an element with varying transparency.
  • the technical result provided by the claimed technical solution is to increase the reliability of the response of an element with varying transparency.
  • the multilayer element with varying transparency contains superimposed first and second sheets, between which an elastic layer is placed.
  • the said sheets and the elastic layer are made of optically transmissive material. It differs in that the executive elements of the means for regulating the distance between the sheets are distributed on the surface of the sheets. In this case, the surface of the elastic layer and / or the adjacent surface of the second sheet is provided with scattering irregularities.
  • the elastic layer can be fixed to the first sheet, the surface of the second sheet is made smooth, and the adjacent surface of the elastic layer with diffusing irregularities.
  • the surfaces of the first and second sheets can be smooth, and the adjacent surfaces of the elastic layer are made with scattering irregularities.
  • the surface of the elastic layer can be smooth, and the adjacent surface of the second sheet is made with scattering irregularities.
  • Each actuator may be a capsule filled with paraffin-containing or ceresin-containing material, adhered to the surface of the first or second sheets. Capsules are preferably distributed evenly over the surface of the sheets.
  • the capsule can be painted black completely or from the side of the second sheet.
  • the capsule may be an elastic shell made of silicone, the inner space of which is filled with paraffin-containing or ceresin-containing material.
  • the capsule can also be made of silicone interspersed with paraffin-containing or ceresin-containing material.
  • Each actuator can be a rigid glass fixed to the first sheet, filled with paraffin-containing or ceresin-containing material and hermetically sealed with an elastic cap. Glasses are preferably evenly distributed on the surface of the first sheet.
  • Each actuator can be a non-through hole made in the first sheet, filled with paraffin-containing or ceresin-containing material and hermetically sealed with an elastic cover. It is desirable to evenly distribute said openings on the surface of the first sheet.
  • the elastic cap may be glued to the surface of the second sheet.
  • Actuators can be equipped with electric heaters.
  • the means for regulating the distance between the sheets it is desirable to additionally provide elastic silicone cylinders glued to both sheets, alternating with actuators.
  • the first sheet may be strips with an elastic layer fixed to them; these strips are fixed to actuators distributed over the surface of the first sheet along the long sides of the strips.
  • the first and second sheets can be made in the form of strips.
  • the actuating elements are distributed along the surface of the sheets along the long sides of the strips and are fixed on the outer sides of the strips.
  • the elastic layer may consist of sections whose surface has an inclination relative to the surface of the second sheet.
  • Figure 1 shows a diagram of a multilayer element with varying transparency
  • section AA of FIG. 2 shows a top view of the element
  • view A of FIG. 1 in FIG. 3 is a diagram of the element according to example 3
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram of the element according to example 6
  • FIG. 5 is a diagram of the element of example 8
  • FIG. 6 is a diagram of the element of example 9, in FIG. 7, 8 - diagram of the element according to example 10
  • FIG. 9 is a diagram of the use of the element of example 1
  • FIG. 10 is a diagram of the element of example 12, in FIG. 1 1 - diagram of the element according to example 16, 17, in FIG. 12 is a diagram of the element according to example 20.
  • the multilayer element with varying transparency (Fig. 1) contains two relatively rigid sheets (1, 2) superimposed on top of each other, between which a layer (3) of elastic material is placed.
  • the material of the rigid sheets (1, 2) and the elastic layer (3) is optically transmissive at least in part of the spectrum, for example:
  • Adjacent surfaces of the second sheet (2) and the elastic layer (3) are made so that one or both of these surfaces are scattering due to the implementation of irregularities on them.
  • the adjacent surfaces of the second sheet (2) and the elastic layer (3) with the space between them form the active layer of the multilayer element.
  • Adjacent surfaces of the first sheet (1) and the elastic layer (3) can either be fixed to each other, or made similar to the active layer between the second sheet (2) and the elastic layer (3).
  • Rigid material can be glass, sheet or film of monolithic polycarbonate, plexiglass.
  • the elastic material may be silicone, polyurethane resin or rubber.
  • the scattering surface is a surface with irregularities. Irregularities are a combination of protrusions and depressions. The purpose of the irregularities is the scattering of optical radiation, including its reflection from a scattering surface.
  • the protrusions can be made in the form of convex pyramids, cones, prisms or hemispheres.
  • the base of the pyramids in particular, can be triangular, square, rectangular, hexagonal.
  • the location of irregularities on the sheet can be ordered or chaotic. With an ordered arrangement of irregularities, the scattering properties of the sheet are higher than with a random arrangement.
  • the scattering power of the surface should be sufficient so that it is not possible for a person to identify objects located behind this surface.
  • the linear transverse size and height of the bumps are in the range from 25 micrometers to several millimeters.
  • the surface of irregularities having a size of more than one hundred micrometers can be made matte rough.
  • the surface roughness is ensured by the presence of microroughnesses on the surface of the irregularities.
  • Microroughnesses are made randomly in the form of microprotrusions and microdepressions.
  • the linear transverse size and height of the microroughness are in the range from 25 to 75 micrometers.
  • Roughnesses on the sheet can be performed, for example, in the following ways:
  • a rigid mold for producing elastic irregularities can be made by milling irregularities in the form, followed by sandblasting the mold with particles (for example, glass balls) of the appropriate size.
  • the layer (3) obtained by molding with irregularities can be applied directly to the sheet (1), but to increase the adhesion of the material of the elastic layer (3) to the material of the first sheet (1), soil or glue can be used;
  • the hollows are the space between the protrusions.
  • the troughs are designed to supply air or other gas into the space between the irregularities, and, accordingly, to drain air or other gas from there. Due to the depressions, gas is discharged evenly from the entire surface area of the sheet.
  • the channels are formed by making hollows communicating with each other.
  • the channels can be made regardless of the profile of the depressions and protrusions.
  • the channels can be located in the form of a lattice, honeycombs or in the form of other structures, but can be arranged randomly. With an ordered arrangement of the protrusions, the channels can, for example, be made in the form of enlarged depressions or in the form of missing rows of protrusions.
  • the linear size (in particular width) of each channel is preferably such that the channels are invisible to the human eye.
  • the channels can be made either on a surface with irregularities, or on an adjacent surface, which can be smooth or also with irregularities.
  • a change in the transparency of the inventive multilayer element occurs when the elastic standing (3) and the hard sheet come closer together in the active layer, as will be described below in the section “order of use”.
  • the elastic layer (3) is not continuous and has gaps in which actuators (actuators) (4) are used to control the distance between the rigid sheets (1, 2).
  • actuators actuators
  • Elements (4) are arranged orderly and evenly (Fig. 1 and 2).
  • the space between the sheets (1, 2) is preferably protected against dust.
  • Example 1 Means for controlling the distance between the sheets is made mechanical and contains external springs, pressing the first and second sheets to each other.
  • oval cams are installed in rows, which are the executive elements of the means for regulating the distance between the sheets.
  • Cams are mounted in each row on the shaft, at the end of which a lever is located. The levers of all shafts are connected to each other or individually controlled.
  • External springs press the first and second sheets to the cams. When the shaft rotates, the cams abutting against the surface of the first and second sheets, together with the external springs, specify the distance between these sheets.
  • Example 2 To reduce the energy consumption of the operation of the inventive multilayer element, the means for controlling the distance between the sheets is made thermomechanical. Additionally, simplification of the design is provided.
  • Tears of the elastic layer are made in nodes of a rectangular matrix in which elastic capsules filled with paraffin are installed, which are actuators (4) for changing the distance between the sheets (Fig. 1, 2). Capsules are glued to the surface of the first (1) and second (2) sheets. To reduce the visibility of the actuating elements (4), the capsules are made transparent.
  • the elastic layer (3) is adhered to the smooth surface of the first sheet (1).
  • the surface of the elastic layer (3) is provided with scattering irregularities.
  • the surface of the second sheet (2) is smooth.
  • the sheets (1) and (2) are pressed against each other as much as possible, and the elastic layer between them is sandwiched between the sheets.
  • the multilayer element is transparent.
  • Example 3 Similar to example 2. But the elastic layer (3) is not fixed to the first sheet (1), but is provided with scattering irregularities on its side (Fig. 3).
  • Example 4 Similar to example 2. But the capsules are painted black in order to increase the absorption of heat, which reduces the size of the capsules. In this case, the capsules are made in the form of an elastic shell made of silicone, the inner space of which is filled with paraffin.
  • Example 5 Similar to example 2. Capsules are made in the form of a cylinder of silicone interspersed with paraffin. Moreover, on the side of one sheet a certain amount of silicone capsules or only its surface is painted black, and in the rest of the silicone capsules transparent or matte.
  • Example 6 the means for controlling the distance between the sheets is made thermomechanical, and the breaks of the elastic layer are made in the form of a rectangular matrix.
  • paraffin is not placed in elastic capsules, but in hard glasses (5) fixed to the first sheet (1) (Fig. 4). Glasses can be made inside the first sheet (1) and represent holes in this sheet.
  • the upper part of the glasses filled with paraffin is hermetically closed by an elastic cover (6), which is glued to the second sheet (2).
  • paraffin can be mixed with additives, ceresin can be used.
  • the rigid shape of the glass allows, when the temperature of the paraffin is changed, to direct the change in its volume along one direction — along the height of the glass, which makes it possible to use three times less paraffin volume in comparison with the capsules in Example 2 for organizing the dilution of sheets (1) and (2) same distance.
  • the elastic covers and glasses are made of transparent material.
  • the sheets (1) and (2) are pressed against each other as much as possible, and the elastic layer between them is sandwiched between the sheets.
  • the multilayer element is transparent.
  • the lids the second sheet (2) approaches the first sheet (1), the elastic layer (3) is pressed against the surface of the second sheet (2).
  • the multilayer element again becomes transparent.
  • Example 7 Similar to example 6. Additionally, to provide the ability to control the temperature of paraffin glasses are equipped with electric heaters.
  • the multilayer element is equipped with a nichrome heating wire passing through the glasses with paraffin or optically transparent indium-tin oxide conductors deposited on the surface of the first sheet. Passing electric current through the heaters allows you to change the temperature of paraffin and, therefore, change the transparency of the multilayer element, regardless of external conditions.
  • Example 8 Similar to example 6. Glasses (5) are made in sheet (1). But the elastic caps (6) of the glasses are not glued to the second sheet (2). Instead, in the means for controlling the distance between the sheets, said paraffin glasses (5) alternate in said rectangular matrix with elastic silicone cylinders (7) glued to both sheets (1, 2). These cylinders (7) work as tension springs and constantly press the sheets (1, 2) against each other.
  • Example 9 The first sheet (1) with a smooth surface is made of plastic with a stiffness of 95 units on a scale A (Fig. 6). An elastic layer (3) of silicone with a smooth surface and shore rigidity of 1-3 units on scale A. is fixed to it.
  • the second sheet (2) is made of silicone with shore rigidity of 10-20 units on scale A. Scattering irregularities are made on the surface second sheet (2). From the same plastic as the first sheet (1), an additional sheet (8) is made to which the second sheet (2) is fixed.
  • the means for regulating the distance between the sheets is made thermomechanical.
  • the breaks of the elastic layer are made in the form of a rectangular matrix, in the cells of which are installed elastic capsules filled with paraffin, which are the executive elements (4) of changing the distance between the sheets. Capsules may be glued to the surface of the first (1) sheet.
  • Example 10 Tears of the elastic layer (3) are made in the form of strips in which rows of glasses (5) are installed filled with paraffin-containing material 00458
  • a number of glasses (5) can be a strip of plastic with through holes, which are glasses.
  • the first sheet (1) is made cut into strips that are mounted on elastic covers (6) of the glasses (5). Between the bands a gap is made.
  • Example 1 The first (1) and second (2) sheets are made in the form of strips 2 cm wide.
  • the actuators (4) in the form of capsules with paraffin are evenly distributed along the long sides of the sheets (1, 2), are located between the sheets and alternate with elastic silicone cylinders glued to both sheets. These cylinders act as tension springs and constantly press the sheets against each other.
  • Example 12 The first (1) and second (2) sheets are made in the form of strips with a width of 2 cm (Fig. 10).
  • Executive elements (4) in the form of capsules with paraffin are evenly distributed along the long sides of the sheets.
  • the capsules are made in a U-shape and fixed on the outside of the sheets (1, 2).
  • Example 13 Executive elements are made in the form of electromagnets.
  • Example 14 The means for controlling the distance between the sheets is made electric in the form of electric nanoconductors of silver or copper deposited on the surface of the first and second sheets.
  • the elastic layer is glued to the smooth surface of the first sheet.
  • the surface of the elastic layer is provided with scattering irregularities.
  • the surface of the second sheet is smooth.
  • the action of the means for regulating the distance between the sheets is based on the law of Ampere.
  • electric current is passed through nanowires in opposite directions, they are attracted, dragging sheets along and compressing the elastic layer.
  • the multilayer element becomes transparent.
  • Example 15 Similar to example 14. But the elastic layer is not fixed to the first sheet, but is equipped with scattering irregularities on its side.
  • Example 16 In order to reduce the effort required to “tear” the second sheet (2) from the elastic layer (3), the latter is made up of sections (Fig. 1 1) having a slight inclination relative to the surface of the second sheet (2). A larger amount of elastic material in the part of the elastic layer creates a greater repulsive force of the second sheet (2) in a compressed state, which reduces the force that must be applied to the actuating element (4) to separate the sheets from each other (1, 2) from each other.
  • This embodiment of the elastic layer also provides a visual effect of selective, zone-wise variation in the transparency of the multilayer element, similar to blinds.
  • Example 17 Similar to example 16.
  • the sections are horizontal stripes with a width of 2 cm, located between adjacent rows of actuators (4) (Fig. 11).
  • the elastic layer (3) on the left of each section is 10 ⁇ m thicker than this layer on the right of the section.
  • the layer thickness at other points in the region is determined by the monotonic change in the layer thickness between the said boundary points.
  • Example 18 Similar to example 16.
  • the plots are squares with a side of 2 cm, located between the horizontal and vertical rows of actuators.
  • the elastic layer in the upper left corner of each section is 10 ⁇ m thicker than the elastic layer in the three other corners of the section.
  • the layer thickness at other points in the region is determined by a smooth change in the layer thickness between the said boundary points.
  • Example 19 Similar to example 16.
  • the plots are squares with a side of 2 cm, located between the horizontal and vertical rows of actuators.
  • the elastic layer in the center of each section is 10 ⁇ m thicker than the elastic layer at the four corners of the section.
  • the layer thickness at other points in the region is determined by the monotonic change in the layer thickness between the said boundary points.
  • the second sheet (2) In order to reduce the effort required to "tear off” the second sheet (2) from the elastic layer (3), the second sheet (2) consists of sections (Fig. 12). Each section with one end by means of a hinge (10) is fixed at the first sheet (1), and the opposite end is fixed to the actuator (4). The dilution of the second sheet (2) from the elastic layer (3) in the design indicated in this example occurs gradually - first part of the second sheet (2) is separated, which is located closer to the actuator (4), and then the other parts. The last part of the second sheet (2) is separated from the elastic layer (3), which is closer to its hinge fastening at the first sheet (1).
  • the actuating elements (4) can be made of materials that change the shape and / or volume under the influence of electricity (piezoelectrics), magnetic field, lighting (photoisomers), temperature (thermobimetals).
  • the number of active layers in a multilayer element may be more than one or two.
  • the actuating elements (4) evenly distributed over the first sheet (1) facilitate the removal of air from the space between the second sheet (2) and the elastic layer (3).
  • the multilayer element After squeezing gas (air) from the space between the second sheet (2) and the elastic layer (3), the multilayer element becomes transparent.
  • irregularities are made elastic, then when approaching the second sheet, these irregularities are deformed and take the form of a second sheet, to which they are pressed.
  • the sheets are spread apart.
  • the surface shape of the elastic layer is restored.
  • the elastic properties of this layer contribute to the restoration of the shape of the elastic surface and the separation of the sheets from each other. Irregularities begin to scatter the light flux.
  • the claimed technical solution is implemented using industrially produced devices and materials, can be manufactured at an industrial enterprise and will be widely used in the fields of architecture, advertising and design of premises.
  • a multilayer element can be used for the manufacture of display cases and partitions, transforming into multimedia screens.
  • the implementation of the rear wall of the display case facing the street from a multilayer element allows either to accentuate the attention of passers-by on the samples located in the display case (for example, clothes, cars), or to show the interior of the trading premises.
  • the multilayer element can also be fixed at several points on the rear wall of the display case.
  • the multilayer element can be used for internal and external privacy control installations (e.g. meeting rooms, intensive care medical rooms, bathrooms, showers).
  • internal and external privacy control installations e.g. meeting rooms, intensive care medical rooms, bathrooms, showers.
  • the multilayer element can be used as a temporary projection screen.
  • a laminated element can be used as a replacement for electrochromic glass in architecture:

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)

Abstract

L'élément multicouches à transparence variable concerne le domaine des équipements optiques et est destiné à la fabrication de structures transparentes à la lumière. On augmente ainsi la fiabilité de fonctionnement. L'élément multicouches comprend, entre les première et deuxième feuilles, une couche élastique. Les feuilles et la couche élastique sont faites d'un matériau transparent. Sur la surface des feuilles on a réparti des éléments effecteurs du moyen de réglage de distance entre les feuilles. La surface de la couche élastique et/ou la surface de la deuxième feuille qui lui est adjacent sont munies d'irrégularités de diffusion.
PCT/RU2016/000458 2016-07-20 2016-07-20 Élément multicouches à transparence variable Ceased WO2018016981A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/RU2016/000458 WO2018016981A1 (fr) 2016-07-20 2016-07-20 Élément multicouches à transparence variable

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/RU2016/000458 WO2018016981A1 (fr) 2016-07-20 2016-07-20 Élément multicouches à transparence variable

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2018016981A1 true WO2018016981A1 (fr) 2018-01-25

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/RU2016/000458 Ceased WO2018016981A1 (fr) 2016-07-20 2016-07-20 Élément multicouches à transparence variable

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WO (1) WO2018016981A1 (fr)

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH676377A5 (en) * 1988-01-21 1991-01-15 Josef Jenicek Controlled liquid crystal cell for window or glass panel - uses applied voltage providing electrical field determining transparency or colour
CN2140421Y (zh) * 1992-11-26 1993-08-18 周炎 可调透光率的液晶玻璃窗
WO2003008188A1 (fr) * 2001-05-08 2003-01-30 Zhongming Wang Plaque transparente a transparence commandee par pression
KR20130010066A (ko) * 2012-12-23 2013-01-25 정영진 명암 조절 창문

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH676377A5 (en) * 1988-01-21 1991-01-15 Josef Jenicek Controlled liquid crystal cell for window or glass panel - uses applied voltage providing electrical field determining transparency or colour
CN2140421Y (zh) * 1992-11-26 1993-08-18 周炎 可调透光率的液晶玻璃窗
WO2003008188A1 (fr) * 2001-05-08 2003-01-30 Zhongming Wang Plaque transparente a transparence commandee par pression
KR20130010066A (ko) * 2012-12-23 2013-01-25 정영진 명암 조절 창문

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