WO2018014752A1 - 一种钢水炉外脱磷生产工艺 - Google Patents
一种钢水炉外脱磷生产工艺 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2018014752A1 WO2018014752A1 PCT/CN2017/092404 CN2017092404W WO2018014752A1 WO 2018014752 A1 WO2018014752 A1 WO 2018014752A1 CN 2017092404 W CN2017092404 W CN 2017092404W WO 2018014752 A1 WO2018014752 A1 WO 2018014752A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/04—Removing impurities by adding a treating agent
- C21C7/064—Dephosphorising; Desulfurising
Definitions
- the invention relates to a dephosphorization production process outside a molten steel furnace, in particular to a dephosphorization production process outside an electric furnace steelmaking furnace, and belongs to the technical field of electric furnace steelmaking production in the metallurgical industry.
- Phosphorus is easily segregated at the grain boundary of steel to cause cold brittleness of steel, which can significantly reduce the low temperature impact properties of steel. It is therefore considered a harmful component in most steel grades. How to reduce phosphorus to the limit at low cost has always been the direction of steel workers.
- the medium frequency induction furnace is a green short-flow smelting equipment with high efficiency, low energy consumption and low emission of scrap steel resources. However, because it does not have the thermodynamic and dynamic conditions for removing phosphorus, it greatly limits the expansion of smelting varieties.
- the phosphorus content of high-quality steel is generally controlled at ⁇ 0.025%, and some requirements are ⁇ 0.015% or even lower. Therefore, in today's market economy, how to reduce the phosphorus content in molten steel to the target content at a low cost, enterprises can have a competitive advantage.
- the medium-frequency furnace induction furnace is the center of the short-flow enterprise, smelting low-phosphorus high-quality steel, currently through the matching
- the dephosphorization electric arc furnace is carried out, so that the cost of smelting steel per ton will increase by 120-150 yuan/ton, making the enterprise products uncompetitive and difficult to survive. Therefore, it is necessary to seek an economical and effective means of dephosphorization outside the furnace, which is the basis for the survival of the short-flow steelmaking process centered on the intermediate frequency induction furnace.
- the phosphorus content is reduced to the target value, which has high promotion value for such high efficiency, low energy consumption, low emission, green short process enterprises.
- the object of the present invention is to provide a dephosphorization production process outside the molten steel furnace.
- the phosphorus content in the molten steel can be reduced to the target content at a low cost by optimizing the production process and the blowing process. Solve the problems in the background art.
- a process for dephosphorization outside the molten steel furnace comprising the following process steps:
- a. Gun position 200 to 1000 mm from the bottom of the ladle;
- blowing speed 10 ⁇ 100kg / min;
- V the percentage of the target phosphorus content
- G weight of molten steel, unit: tons
- Oxygen blowing flow rate 1 ⁇ 10m 3 / min;
- Oxygen injection volume calculated according to the following formula
- V the percentage of the target phosphorus content
- the lime particle size in the step (2) is 200 mesh or more, and the mass percentage of the CaO content in the lime is more than 85%.
- the molten steel refined by the LF furnace or the VD furnace is cast into a steel billet by full-protection casting, low-heating and constant-speed drawing steel for rolling steel production.
- the comprehensive cost of dephosphorization and smelting outside the furnace is 15 to 35 yuan/ton of steel, which is 115 yuan/ton of steel lower than that by using an electric arc furnace for dephosphorization.
- the invention has the beneficial effects that the phosphorus content in the molten steel can be reduced to the target content at a low cost by optimizing the production process and the blowing process on the basis of ensuring the performance of the steel and the quality of the product.
- a process for dephosphorization outside the molten steel furnace comprising the following process steps:
- a. Gun position 200 to 1000 mm from the bottom of the ladle;
- blowing speed 10 ⁇ 100kg / min;
- V the percentage of the target phosphorus content
- G weight of molten steel, unit: tons
- Oxygen blowing flow rate 1 ⁇ 10m 3 / min;
- Oxygen injection volume calculated according to the following formula
- V the percentage of the target phosphorus content
- the lime particle size in the step (2) is 200 mesh or more, and the mass percentage of the CaO content in the lime is more than 85%.
- the molten steel refined by the LF furnace or the VD furnace is cast into a steel billet by full-protection casting, low-heating and constant-speed drawing steel for rolling steel production.
- the process of dephosphorization outside the molten steel furnace includes the following process steps:
- the lime spray gun The lime spray gun:
- blowing speed 30kg / min
- the lime has a particle size of 200 mesh or more, and the mass percentage of CaO content in the lime is more than 85%.
- a. gun position 1250mm from the liquid surface
- Oxygen injection flow rate 3m 3 /min
- the percentage of chemical composition of molten steel after the end of the refining process is the following:
- CaO-SiO 2 -CaF 2 slag system is adopted. After the molten steel enters the heating position, argon is stirred, and 600Kg of lime, 100Kg of fluorite and the first batch of alloy material (900kg of silicomanganese alloy, 250kg of high carbon manganese iron) are added in two batches. 30 kg of silicon carbide powder, 35 kg of ferrosilicon powder (dispersed), and a reduced electrode heating slag. When the slag is added for 4 minutes, the amount of lime and fluorite is added, and the slag is further added. After the slag is finished, the temperature is measured and sampled. The slag is used to observe the deoxidation of the slag.
- the ferro-smelting of the ladle slag is supplemented with ferrosilicon powder and carbonization. Silicon powder; then according to the S content of molten steel and the slag condition, the amount of slag added can be appropriately adjusted.
- the ladle slag is controlled to be light grayish white or white
- the amount of the alloy is added according to the content of the steel element in the station, and heating is continued to the target temperature; Calcium water treatment and argon blowing operation: After the end of heating, the argon gas flow rate is adjusted to soft argon (the strength is slightly blown to the molten steel surface but not the steel flower).
- the ladle car was sampled after soft blowing of argon for 3 minutes, and the silicon calcium line was 100-150 m/furnace (150-200 m/furnace in the furnace).
- the silicon calcium wire feed speed is 2.5 to 3.0 m/s. It is required to feed the silicon calcium wire and softly blow argon for 3 to 5 minutes.
- the tensile strength is 530 MPa
- the yield strength is 435 MPa
- the elongation is 32%
- the 20°C impact toughness is 105 J, which fully meets the standard requirements.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Treatment Of Steel In Its Molten State (AREA)
- Refinement Of Pig-Iron, Manufacture Of Cast Iron, And Steel Manufacture Other Than In Revolving Furnaces (AREA)
Abstract
一种钢水炉外脱磷生产工艺,包含如下工艺步骤:(1)中频感应炉冶炼:将废钢加入中频感应炉进行冶炼,冶炼终点:化学成分质量百分比:C:0.05~0.30%,P:≤0.050%,钢水温度:1550~1650℃;(2)炉外脱磷冶炼:将上述钢水倒入钢包中,利用石灰喷枪和氧枪进行吹炼,石灰喷枪喷吹速度:10~100kg/min;石灰喷吹量(Kg):(中频感应炉冶炼终点磷含量%-目标磷含量%)*100*0.34*钢水重量;氧气喷吹流量:1~10m 3/min。该工艺通过优化生产工艺和喷吹工艺,能够低成本地将钢水中的磷含量降低到目标含量。
Description
本发明涉及一种钢水炉外脱磷生产工艺,尤其是电炉炼钢炉外脱磷生产工艺,属于冶金行业电炉炼钢生产技术领域。
磷容易在钢的晶界偏析引起钢的冷脆,能够显著减低钢的低温冲击性能。因此在绝大多数钢种中被视为有害成分。如何低成本地将磷元素降低到极限程度,一直是炼钢工作者努力的方向。
现在炼钢工艺主要有两种:一种是转炉炼钢工艺为中心的钢铁长流程工艺,另一种是电炉炼钢工艺为中心的钢铁短流程工艺。随着绿色环保的要求发展,绿色炼钢越来越受重视,电炉炼钢属于现代重要的绿色冶炼方式。世界主要炼钢国家大都以电炉炼钢为主,其电炉钢产量大部分都高于转炉钢产量,美国和印度的电炉钢在钢总产量中的占比已经达到了60%以上。目前,中国电炉钢产量占比只有10%左右,远远低于世界平均水平29.3%。近来年,长流程企业污染物排放量大、能耗高是我国空气质量下降的重要因素,因此发展低排放、低能耗的绿色短流程企业势在必行。
中频感应炉是一种高效率、低能耗、低排放的废钢资源综合利用的绿色短流程冶炼设备,但是由于不具备去除磷的热力学和动力学条件,因此大大限制了冶炼品种的拓展。
优质钢的磷含量一般控制在≤0.025%,有的要求≤0.015%,甚至更低。因此,在市场经济的今天,如何低成本地将钢水中的磷含量降低到目标含量,企业才能有竞争优势。
中频炉感应炉为中心的短流程企业,冶炼低磷优质钢,目前是通过配套
脱磷电弧炉来进行,这样冶炼吨钢成本要增加120~150元/吨,使得企业产品失去竞争力,难以生存。因此,必须寻求一种在炉外进行脱磷的经济、有效手段是中频感应炉为中心的短流程炼钢工艺生存的基础。通过一种有效的、低成本的炉外脱磷工艺,将磷含量降低到目标值,对于这种高效率、低能耗、低排放、绿色短流程企业具有很高的可推广价值。
发明内容
本发明目的是提供一种钢水炉外脱磷生产工艺,在保证钢材性能和产品质量的基础上,通过优化生产工艺和喷吹工艺,能够低成本地将钢水中的磷含量降低到目标含量,解决背景技术中存在的问题。
本实用发明的技术方案是:
一种钢水炉外脱磷生产工艺,包含如下工艺步骤:
(1)中频感应炉冶炼:将废钢加入中频感应炉进行冶炼,冶炼终点:化学成分质量百分比:C:0.05~0.30%,P:≤0.050%,钢水温度:1550~1650℃;
(2)炉外脱磷冶炼:将上述钢水倒入钢包中,利用石灰喷枪和氧枪进行吹炼,所述石灰喷枪:
a.枪位:距离钢包底200~1000mm;
b.喷吹速度:10~100kg/min;
c.石灰喷吹量:按以下公式计算
W=(U-V)*100*3.4*G;
W:石灰喷吹量,单位:Kg;
U:中频感应炉冶炼终点磷含量质量百分比;
V:目标磷含量质量百分比;
G:钢水重量,单位:吨;
所述氧枪:
a.枪位:距离液面300~1800mm;
b.氧气喷吹流量:1~10m3/min;
c.氧气喷吹量:按以下公式计算
Q=(U-V)*100*0.2*G;
Q:氧气喷吹量,单位:Nm3;
U:中频感应炉冶炼终点磷含量质量百分比;
V:目标磷含量质量百分比;
上述钢水炉外脱磷生产工艺,所述步骤(2)中石灰粒度200目以上,石灰中CaO含量质量百分比大于85%。
针对上述炉外脱磷冶炼后的钢水,根据冶炼的钢种,采用不同的渣系和不同的脱氧剂进行LF炉精炼,达到脱氧、脱硫、调整成分和调整温度的目的。
通过LF炉精炼后,根据钢种需要,决定是否进VD炉进行精炼以及保压时间。
最后,通过LF炉或VD炉精炼后的钢水,采用全保护浇注、低过热度恒速拉钢浇注成钢坯,供轧钢生产。
采用本发明,炉外脱磷冶炼综合成本为15~35元/吨钢,比使用电弧炉脱磷降低115元/吨钢。
本发明的有益效果是:在保证钢材性能和产品质量的基础上,通过优化生产工艺和喷吹工艺,能够低成本地将钢水中的磷含量降低到目标含量。
以下通过实例对本发明作进一步说明。
一种钢水炉外脱磷生产工艺,包含如下工艺步骤:
(1)中频感应炉冶炼:将废钢加入中频感应炉进行冶炼,冶炼终点:化学成分质量百分比:C:0.05~0.30%,P:≤0.050%,钢水温度:1550~
1650℃;
(2)炉外脱磷冶炼:将上述钢水倒入钢包中,利用石灰喷枪和氧枪进行吹炼,所述石灰喷枪:
a.枪位:距离钢包底200~1000mm;
b.喷吹速度:10~100kg/min;
c.石灰喷吹量:按以下公式计算
W=(U-V)*100*3.4*G;
W:石灰喷吹量,单位:Kg;
U:中频感应炉冶炼终点磷含量质量百分比;
V:目标磷含量质量百分比;
G:钢水重量,单位:吨;
所述氧枪:
a.枪位:距离液面300~1800mm;
b.氧气喷吹流量:1~10m3/min;
c.氧气喷吹量:按以下公式计算
Q=(U-V)*100*0.2*G;
Q:氧气喷吹量,单位:Nm3;
U:中频感应炉冶炼终点磷含量质量百分比;
V:目标磷含量质量百分比;
上述钢水炉外脱磷生产工艺,所述步骤(2)中石灰粒度200目以上,石灰中CaO含量质量百分比大于85%。
针对上述炉外脱磷冶炼后的钢水,根据冶炼的钢种,采用不同的渣系和不同的脱氧剂进行LF炉精炼,达到脱氧、脱硫、调整成分和调整温度的目的。
通过LF炉精炼后,根据钢种需要,决定是否进VD炉进行精炼以及保压时间。
最后,通过LF炉或VD炉精炼后的钢水,采用全保护浇注、低过热度恒速拉钢浇注成钢坯,供轧钢生产。
实施例:
冶炼钢种:Q345B,目标磷质量百分比:0.005%。钢水炉外脱磷生产工艺,包括如下工艺步骤:
(1)中频感应炉冶炼:采用60吨中频感应炉,冶炼过程加入统料废钢45250kg,压块废钢18790kg,合计64040kg。冶炼过程分三次取样,化学成分质量百分比如下表:
冶炼终点:钢水温度:1630℃。
(2)炉外脱磷冶炼:将上述冶炼终点的钢水进行出钢操作,出钢过程中开通钢包底吹氩气。出钢完毕后,使用天车称重:钢水62.430t,钢包到脱磷站后测温取样,座包后调整底吹氩气系统35L/min,倾翻钢包扒渣后测量钢水液位875mm。降下石灰喷枪和氧枪进行吹炼。
所述石灰喷枪:
a.枪位:距离钢包底620mm;
b.喷吹速度:30kg/min;
c.石灰喷吹量:
W=(U-V)*100*3.4*G=(0.032-0.005)*100*3.4*62.430=573kg。
石灰粒度200目以上,石灰中CaO含量质量百分比大于85%。
所述氧枪:
a.枪位:距离液面1250mm;
b.氧气喷吹流量:3m3/min;
c.氧气喷吹量:
Q=(U-V)*100*0.2*G=(0.032-0.005)*100*0.2*62.430=33.7Nm3
吹炼结束后扒渣,尽量扒净残渣,然后取样化验、测温。吹炼结束即炉外脱磷冶炼结束后钢水化学成分质量百分比如下表:
炉外脱磷冶炼成本计算:石灰:573kg*1元/kg=573元;氧气33.7m3*1.2元/m3=40.44元;喷枪成本:420元/炉;氮气成本:400m3/炉*0.6元/m3=240元;合计1273.44元,折合吨钢材料成本20.39元/吨钢。比使用电弧炉脱磷降低115元/吨钢。
(3)将上述炉外脱磷冶炼结束后的钢水进行LF炉精炼。LF炉精炼过程:
采用CaO-SiO2-CaF2渣系,钢水进加热位后吹氩搅拌,分两批加入石灰600Kg、萤石100Kg和第一批合金料(硅锰合金900kg,高碳锰铁250kg),加入碳化硅粉30kg、硅铁粉35Kg(分散加入),降电极加热化渣。化渣4min时补加石灰、萤石适量,继续化渣;化渣结束测温、取样后,沾渣观察渣脱氧情况,加入精炼调渣剂后根据钢包渣氧化性补加硅铁粉、碳化硅粉;然后根据钢水S含量和化渣情况可适当调整渣料加入量,要求钢包渣控制为浅灰白色或白色后,根据到站钢样元素含量进行补加合金量,继续加热至目标温度;钢水钙处理及吹氩操作:加热结束,调底氩气流量软吹氩(强度以略吹开钢水液面但不翻钢花为准)。钢包车开出软吹氩3min后取样、硅钙线100~150m/炉(开浇炉次150~200m/炉)。硅钙线喂线速度2.5~3.0m/s。要求喂硅钙线后软吹氩3~5min。
LF炉精炼过程钢水化学成分质量百分比见下表:
(4)连铸:连浇温度1575℃,拉速为2.15m/min;
经轧制成成品后检测:抗拉强度530MPa,屈服强度435MPa,伸长率32%,20℃冲击韧性105J,完全满足标准要求。
Claims (2)
- 一种钢水炉外脱磷生产工艺,其特征在于包含如下工艺步骤:(1)中频感应炉冶炼:将废钢加入中频感应炉进行冶炼,冶炼终点:化学成分质量百分比:C:0.05~0.30%,P:≤0.050%,钢水温度:1550~1650℃;(2)炉外脱磷冶炼:将上述钢水倒入钢包中,利用石灰喷枪和氧枪进行吹炼,所述石灰喷枪:a.枪位:距离钢包底200~1000mm;b.喷吹速度:10~100kg/min;c.石灰喷吹量:按以下公式计算W=(U-V)*100*0.34*G;W:石灰喷吹量,单位:Kg;U:中频感应炉冶炼终点磷含量质量百分比;V:目标磷含量质量百分比;G:钢水重量,单位:吨;所述氧枪:a.枪位:距离液面300~1800mm;b.氧气喷吹流量:1~10m3/min;c.氧气喷吹量:按以下公式计算Q=(U-V)*100*0.2*G;Q:氧气喷吹量,单位:Nm3;U:中频感应炉冶炼终点磷含量质量百分比;V:目标磷含量质量百分比;
- 根据权利要求1所述的一种钢水炉外脱磷生产工艺,其特征在于所述步骤(2)中石灰粒度200目以上,石灰中CaO含量质量百分比大于85%。
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111079537A (zh) * | 2019-11-18 | 2020-04-28 | 中冶赛迪技术研究中心有限公司 | 转炉冶炼工况的识别方法、系统、机器可读介质及设备 |
| CN112795726A (zh) * | 2020-12-25 | 2021-05-14 | 中航上大高温合金材料有限公司 | 一种钢包精炼炉及其脱磷方法 |
| CN114292985A (zh) * | 2022-01-07 | 2022-04-08 | 鞍钢股份有限公司 | 一种转炉出钢后磷含量高的处理方法 |
| CN115261709A (zh) * | 2022-08-11 | 2022-11-01 | 山西太钢不锈钢股份有限公司 | 超低温压力容器钢及其冶炼方法 |
| CN116162762A (zh) * | 2022-12-29 | 2023-05-26 | 北京首钢自动化信息技术有限公司 | 一种基于机器视觉的扒渣臂参数调整方法及系统 |
| CN116377172A (zh) * | 2023-03-19 | 2023-07-04 | 新疆八一钢铁股份有限公司 | 一种转炉高效脱磷的操作方法 |
| CN118853998A (zh) * | 2024-07-05 | 2024-10-29 | 成都冶金实验厂有限公司 | 一种新型材料在短流程电炉炼钢加入方法 |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106011381B (zh) * | 2016-07-22 | 2018-04-24 | 唐山正丰钢铁有限公司 | 一种钢水炉外脱磷生产工艺 |
| CN111663018B (zh) * | 2020-05-29 | 2022-02-01 | 中天钢铁集团有限公司 | 一种钢包脱磷方法 |
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| CN106011381A (zh) * | 2016-07-22 | 2016-10-12 | 唐山正丰钢铁有限公司 | 一种钢水炉外脱磷生产工艺 |
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| CN104152632B (zh) * | 2014-06-19 | 2016-01-13 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | 一种中频炉冶炼炉外脱磷的方法 |
| CN205382186U (zh) * | 2016-03-09 | 2016-07-13 | 唐山正丰钢铁有限公司 | 一种炉外钢水脱磷处理系统 |
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| CN1074712A (zh) * | 1991-12-24 | 1993-07-28 | 川崎制铁株式会社 | 精炼高纯度钢的方法 |
| CN101535508A (zh) * | 2006-12-05 | 2009-09-16 | 住友金属工业株式会社 | 超低硫高清净钢的熔炼方法 |
| CN102094100A (zh) * | 2011-03-18 | 2011-06-15 | 武汉钢铁(集团)公司 | 铁水脱磷剂及其应用方法 |
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Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111079537A (zh) * | 2019-11-18 | 2020-04-28 | 中冶赛迪技术研究中心有限公司 | 转炉冶炼工况的识别方法、系统、机器可读介质及设备 |
| CN111079537B (zh) * | 2019-11-18 | 2023-09-26 | 中冶赛迪技术研究中心有限公司 | 转炉冶炼工况的识别方法、系统、机器可读介质及设备 |
| CN112795726A (zh) * | 2020-12-25 | 2021-05-14 | 中航上大高温合金材料有限公司 | 一种钢包精炼炉及其脱磷方法 |
| CN114292985A (zh) * | 2022-01-07 | 2022-04-08 | 鞍钢股份有限公司 | 一种转炉出钢后磷含量高的处理方法 |
| CN115261709A (zh) * | 2022-08-11 | 2022-11-01 | 山西太钢不锈钢股份有限公司 | 超低温压力容器钢及其冶炼方法 |
| CN115261709B (zh) * | 2022-08-11 | 2023-08-18 | 山西太钢不锈钢股份有限公司 | 超低温压力容器钢及其冶炼方法 |
| CN116162762A (zh) * | 2022-12-29 | 2023-05-26 | 北京首钢自动化信息技术有限公司 | 一种基于机器视觉的扒渣臂参数调整方法及系统 |
| CN116377172A (zh) * | 2023-03-19 | 2023-07-04 | 新疆八一钢铁股份有限公司 | 一种转炉高效脱磷的操作方法 |
| CN118853998A (zh) * | 2024-07-05 | 2024-10-29 | 成都冶金实验厂有限公司 | 一种新型材料在短流程电炉炼钢加入方法 |
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| CN106011381B (zh) | 2018-04-24 |
| CN106011381A (zh) | 2016-10-12 |
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