WO2018003671A1 - 偏光膜用ポリビニルアルコール系フィルム、およびその製造方法、ならびにその偏光膜用ポリビニルアルコール系フィルムを用いた偏光膜 - Google Patents
偏光膜用ポリビニルアルコール系フィルム、およびその製造方法、ならびにその偏光膜用ポリビニルアルコール系フィルムを用いた偏光膜 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2018003671A1 WO2018003671A1 PCT/JP2017/023115 JP2017023115W WO2018003671A1 WO 2018003671 A1 WO2018003671 A1 WO 2018003671A1 JP 2017023115 W JP2017023115 W JP 2017023115W WO 2018003671 A1 WO2018003671 A1 WO 2018003671A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- film
- polyvinyl alcohol
- polarizing film
- polarizing
- glycerin
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/04—Oxygen-containing compounds
- C08K5/05—Alcohols; Metal alcoholates
- C08K5/053—Polyhydroxylic alcohols
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C41/00—Shaping by coating a mould, core or other substrate, i.e. by depositing material and stripping-off the shaped article; Apparatus therefor
- B29C41/24—Shaping by coating a mould, core or other substrate, i.e. by depositing material and stripping-off the shaped article; Apparatus therefor for making articles of indefinite length
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/18—Manufacture of films or sheets
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/0008—Organic ingredients according to more than one of the "one dot" groups of C08K5/01 - C08K5/59
- C08K5/0016—Plasticisers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/04—Oxygen-containing compounds
- C08K5/06—Ethers; Acetals; Ketals; Ortho-esters
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L29/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an alcohol, ether, aldehydo, ketonic, acetal or ketal radical; Compositions of hydrolysed polymers of esters of unsaturated alcohols with saturated carboxylic acids; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L29/02—Homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated alcohols
- C08L29/04—Polyvinyl alcohol; Partially hydrolysed homopolymers or copolymers of esters of unsaturated alcohols with saturated carboxylic acids
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/30—Polarising elements
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2329/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an alcohol, ether, aldehydo, ketonic, acetal, or ketal radical; Hydrolysed polymers of esters of unsaturated alcohols with saturated carboxylic acids; Derivatives of such polymer
- C08J2329/02—Homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated alcohols
- C08J2329/04—Polyvinyl alcohol; Partially hydrolysed homopolymers or copolymers of esters of unsaturated alcohols with saturated carboxylic acids
Definitions
- the present invention provides a polyvinyl alcohol film for a polarizing film that can be obtained with high productivity and a polarizing film excellent in polarization degree and light transmittance, a method for producing the same, and a method for producing the same.
- the present invention relates to a polarizing film using a polyvinyl alcohol film for a polarizing film.
- liquid crystal display devices In recent years, the development of liquid crystal display devices has been remarkable, and they are widely used in smartphones, tablets, personal computers, liquid crystal televisions, projectors, in-vehicle panels, and the like.
- a liquid crystal display device uses a polarizing film, and as the polarizing film, a film obtained by adsorbing and orienting a dichroic dye such as iodine on a polyvinyl alcohol film is mainly used.
- the polarizing film in this invention is also called a polarizing film or a polarizer.
- the polarizing film is unrolled from a roll of polyvinyl alcohol film, which is the raw fabric, and swollen with water (including warm water) while being conveyed in the flow direction (MD direction), and then dyed with iodine. Manufactured by stretching.
- the polyvinyl alcohol-based film serving as the original fabric has good stretchability in the flow direction (MD direction). For example, when the polyvinyl alcohol-based film has a high elastic modulus, it cannot be stretched to a predetermined stretch ratio, and iodine cannot be sufficiently oriented, so the degree of polarization tends not to improve.
- a case where stretching and dyeing are reversed is also carried out. That is, it is a case where a polyvinyl alcohol film which is a raw fabric is stretched and dyed with iodine.
- the polyvinyl alcohol film is in the flow direction (MD (Direction) must have good stretchability.
- a polyvinyl alcohol film is manufactured from an aqueous solution of a polyvinyl alcohol resin by a continuous casting method.
- Continuous casting is a method in which an aqueous solution is cast onto a casting mold such as a cast drum or an endless belt to form a film, and the resulting film is peeled off from the casting mold and then transported in the flow direction (MD direction) while heating the metal. It is a manufacturing method in which the product is dried using a roll or the like and wound into a roll.
- a plasticizer is blended in the aqueous solution of the polyvinyl alcohol resin for the purpose of improving productivity and improving flexibility of the film.
- the selection and blending amount of the plasticizer is important for improving the productivity of the polyvinyl alcohol film.
- the thickness of the polarizing film has also been reduced in order to reduce the thickness of the polarizing film.
- the thickness of the polyvinyl alcohol film has been about 60 ⁇ m, but now the thickness is about 45 ⁇ m. It is expected to be 30 ⁇ m or less in the near future.
- a polyvinyl alcohol film using glycerin and diglycerin as plasticizers has been proposed (for example, see Patent Document 1).
- blended polyglycerol is proposed (for example, refer patent document 2).
- a polyvinyl alcohol film containing at least two kinds of plasticizers and sulfites has been proposed (for example, see Patent Document 3).
- JP 7-18145 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-3007 JP 2005-179390 A
- the haze of the polyvinyl alcohol film is as high as 1% or more, it is difficult to use the polarizing film as a raw material.
- the polyvinyl alcohol film as a raw material has a low haze, and specifically, it is preferable to reduce at least the haze to 0.7% or less.
- the Young's modulus of the polyvinyl alcohol film in Patent Document 1 is 16 kg / mm 2 and 25 kg / mm 2 at 20 ° C. and 65% RH, and it is difficult to use as a raw material for a polarizing film.
- the polyvinyl alcohol film as a raw material has excellent stretchability, and it is preferable to reduce the Young's modulus to at least 100 Mpa (10 kg / mm 2 ) or less.
- Patent Document 2 contains only diglycerin as a plasticizer, diglycerin tends to inhibit the orientation of iodine as compared with glycerin, so the polarization degree of the obtained polarizing film is low. In addition, since dyeing unevenness is likely to occur, the actual situation is that the recent demand for higher performance cannot be met.
- Patent Document 3 uses glycerin and diglycerin in combination as a plasticizer, but the disclosed technique of Patent Document 3 relates to a water-soluble polyvinyl alcohol film, and is used as a raw material for a polarizing film. It is impossible to use.
- a polyvinyl alcohol film is swollen with water (including warm water) during the production of a polarizing film, but the film disclosed in the above-mentioned Patent Document 3 dissolves in the swelling process.
- the selection and blending amount of the plasticizer is important for improving the productivity of the polyvinyl alcohol film, but such a plasticizer also causes the quality of the product to deteriorate.
- a low molecular weight plasticizer is also volatilized together with water vapor, and it adheres to the film again and becomes a defect, or adheres to equipment and contaminates the manufacturing site.
- defects such as the film being fused to the roll and the formation of fine irregularities on the film surface occur. In order to avoid such inconveniences, it was necessary to reduce as much as possible the plasticizer that easily volatilizes and the plasticizer with a low melting point.
- the present invention is a polyvinyl alcohol film for a polarizing film that is manufactured with high productivity and has low haze and excellent stretchability, and has high polarization degree and high light transmittance.
- the present invention provides a polyvinyl alcohol film for a polarizing film capable of obtaining a film, a production method thereof, and a polarizing film using the polyvinyl alcohol film for the polarizing film.
- a polyvinyl alcohol film containing a plasticizer containing glycerin and diglycerin the content weight ratio of these glycerin and diglycerin, and the above-mentioned plasticizer
- a polarizing film obtained using such a polyvinyl alcohol film for a polarizing film has a high degree of polarization and a high light transmittance. Found to show rate.
- the second gist of the present invention is a method for producing the above-mentioned polarizing film polyvinyl alcohol film, a preparation step of preparing an aqueous solution of a polyvinyl alcohol resin containing a plasticizer, and the prepared aqueous solution.
- the third gist of the present invention is a polarizing film obtained by using the polyvinyl alcohol film for polarizing film.
- the said polyvinyl alcohol-type film is manufactured with high productivity, is low haze, and is excellent also in a drawability. Therefore, by using the polyvinyl alcohol film, it is possible to obtain a polarizing film having a high degree of polarization and a high light transmittance.
- the flexibility of the polyvinyl alcohol film is improved.
- the plasticizer can suppress the occurrence of bleeding out of the film surface during the storage period of the film and during transportation.
- condition (1) The crystallinity index is 0.4 or more in the temperature rise measurement.
- Condition (2) The peak of the crystallization temperature is 180 ° C. or higher in continuous temperature measurement.
- Condition (3) The full width at half maximum of the crystallization temperature is 10 ° C. or less.
- a polarizing film having a high degree of polarization can be produced when the Young's modulus in a tensile test of a film conditioned for 24 hours in an environment of 20 ° C. and 65% RH is 20 to 100 MPa. It becomes possible to obtain a polyvinyl alcohol-based film for use, and there is an effect that good stretchability is imparted at the time of producing a polarizing film.
- the haze is 1% or less, it is possible to impart high light transmittance in the obtained polarizing film.
- the polarizing film can be thinned.
- the method for producing a polyvinyl alcohol film for a polarizing film comprises a preparation step of preparing an aqueous solution of a polyvinyl alcohol resin containing a plasticizer, and a continuous casting type of the prepared aqueous solution.
- the plasticizer contains glycerin and diglycerin, and the blending amount of the plasticizer is 10 to 28 with respect to 100 parts by weight of the polyvinyl alcohol-based resin.
- the polarizing film according to the third aspect of the present invention has the effect of having a high degree of polarization and having light transmittance because the polyvinyl alcohol film for polarizing film is used. Play.
- the polyvinyl alcohol film for polarizing film of the present invention contains a plasticizer containing glycerin and diglycerin, and is also a plasticizer in the polyvinyl alcohol film.
- a plasticizer containing glycerin and diglycerin means “a plasticizer containing glycerin and diglycerin as a main component” and “a plasticizer composed only of glycerin and diglycerin”.
- the main component means that a small amount of a plasticizer other than glycerin and diglycerin may be contained within a range that does not impair the effects of the present invention. Specifically, glycerin and diglycerin. It means that a plasticizer other than the above may usually be contained in an amount of 10% by weight or less, preferably 5% by weight or less, particularly preferably 1% by weight or less of the whole plasticizer. And in this invention, the case where a plasticizer consists only of glycerol and diglycerol is preferable.
- the content of the plasticizer (total amount of glycerin and diglycerin) needs to be 8 to 22% by weight, preferably 9 to 20% by weight, particularly preferably 10 to 16%, based on the polyvinyl alcohol film. % By weight.
- the content ratio is less than the lower limit, the productivity of the polyvinyl alcohol film is lowered, the stretchability of the polyvinyl alcohol film is lowered, and the object of the present invention cannot be achieved.
- the upper limit is exceeded, the quality of the polyvinyl alcohol film deteriorates and the swellability during the production of the polarizing film becomes difficult to control, and the object of the present invention cannot be achieved.
- the content of glycerin and diglycerin in the polyvinyl alcohol film can be quantified by an analysis method using a liquid chromatograph, a gas chromatograph or the like.
- the content ratio of diglycerin to glycerin is less than the lower limit, the amount of glycerin that volatilizes with water vapor is large during the production of polyvinyl alcohol film, so that contamination of equipment is likely to occur, and the polyvinyl alcohol film is caused by the reattachment of volatilized glycerin.
- the polyvinyl alcohol film Since the quality of itself deteriorates and the amount of glycerin having a low melting point is large, the polyvinyl alcohol film is fused to the metal heating roll in the drying process of the polyvinyl alcohol film using the metal heating roll. The object of the present invention cannot be achieved. On the contrary, even if the content ratio of diglycerin to glycerin exceeds the upper limit, the haze of the polyvinyl alcohol film increases, and the object of the present invention cannot be achieved.
- the method for producing a polyvinyl alcohol film of the present invention comprises a preparation step (A) for preparing an aqueous solution (film forming stock solution) of a polyvinyl alcohol resin containing a plasticizer, and the prepared aqueous solution is continuously discharged into a cast mold. And a film forming step (B) for casting to form a film, and a drying step (C) for drying the film after peeling the film from the cast mold. Furthermore, it is preferable to include a heat treatment step (D) in which the dried film is heat treated as necessary.
- the said preparation process (A) as a plasticizer used when preparing a film forming undiluted
- the amount is 10 to 28 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the resin, and the blending ratio (weight ratio) of the glycerin and diglycerin is 50:50 to 90:10.
- the above-mentioned “containing glycerin and diglycerin” means “the plasticizer containing glycerin and diglycerin as a main component” and “the plasticizer containing glycerin and diglycerin” and It means “a plasticizer consisting only of glycerin and diglycerin”.
- the main component means that a small amount of a plasticizer other than glycerin and diglycerin may be contained within a range that does not impair the effects of the present invention. Specifically, glycerin and diglycerin.
- a plasticizer other than the above may usually be contained in an amount of 10% by weight or less, preferably 5% by weight or less, particularly preferably 1% by weight or less of the whole plasticizer. And in this invention, the case where a plasticizer consists only of glycerol and diglycerol is preferable.
- Preparation step (A) First, the preparation process (A) of the polyvinyl alcohol resin aqueous solution containing the plasticizer will be described in detail.
- the polyvinyl alcohol resin used in the present invention an unmodified polyvinyl alcohol resin, that is, a resin produced by saponifying polyvinyl acetate obtained by polymerizing vinyl acetate is used.
- the polyvinyl alcohol resin used in the present invention does not include a polyvinyl alcohol resin that dissolves in water near room temperature (eg, 0 to 50 ° C.).
- the weight average molecular weight of the polyvinyl alcohol resin is preferably 100,000 to 300,000, particularly preferably 110,000 to 280,000, and more preferably 120,000 to 260,000. If the weight average molecular weight is too small, the degree of polarization of the polarizing film tends to decrease. If the weight average molecular weight is too large, it tends to be difficult to stretch the polyvinyl alcohol film during production of the polarizing film.
- the weight average molecular weight of the polyvinyl alcohol resin is a weight average molecular weight measured by GPC-MALS method.
- the average saponification degree of the polyvinyl alcohol resin used in the present invention is usually preferably 98 mol% or more, particularly preferably 99 mol% or more, further preferably 99.5 mol% or more, and particularly preferably 99.mol%. It is 8 mol% or more. If the average degree of saponification is too small, the degree of polarization of the polarizing film tends to decrease.
- the average saponification degree in the present invention is measured according to JIS K 6726.
- the polyvinyl alcohol-based resin is preferably washed with water and dehydrated with a centrifugal separator or the like to obtain a polyvinyl alcohol-based resin wet cake having a water content of 50% by weight or less.
- a centrifugal separator or the like When the water content is too large, it tends to be difficult to obtain a desired aqueous solution concentration.
- Such polyvinyl alcohol resin wet cake is dissolved in warm water or hot water to prepare a polyvinyl alcohol resin aqueous solution.
- the method for preparing the polyvinyl alcohol-based resin aqueous solution is not particularly limited.
- the polyvinyl alcohol-based resin aqueous solution may be prepared by using a heated multi-screw extruder. The polyvinyl alcohol resin wet cake thus prepared is charged, and water vapor is blown into the can to prepare an aqueous solution having a desired concentration and dissolution.
- a plasticizer containing glycerin and diglycerin is blended in the aqueous solution of the polyvinyl alcohol resin.
- the amount of the plasticizer is 10 to 28 parts by weight, preferably 10 to 25 parts by weight, particularly preferably 11 to 21 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the polyvinyl alcohol resin.
- the productivity of the polyvinyl alcohol film is lowered and the stretchability of the polyvinyl alcohol film is lowered, and the object of the present invention cannot be achieved.
- the amount is too large, the quality of the polyvinyl alcohol film is deteriorated and the swelling property during the production of the polarizing film is difficult to control, and the object of the present invention cannot be achieved.
- the polyvinyl alcohol film Since the quality of itself deteriorates and the amount of glycerin having a low melting point is large, the polyvinyl alcohol film is fused to the metal heating roll in the drying process of the polyvinyl alcohol film using the metal heating roll. The object of the present invention cannot be achieved. On the contrary, even if the blending ratio of diglycerin to glycerin exceeds the upper limit value, the haze of the polyvinyl alcohol film increases and the object of the present invention cannot be achieved.
- the polyvinyl alcohol-based resin aqueous solution may be nonionic or anionic to improve the film-forming property of the polyvinyl alcohol-based film, if necessary.
- a cationic surfactant may be contained.
- the blending amount of the surfactant is preferably 0.3% by weight or less, particularly preferably 0.01 to 0.15% by weight, based on the polyvinyl alcohol resin. If the amount is too large, the film tends to become cloudy.
- plasticizer other than glycerin and diglycerin usually 10% by weight or less, preferably 5% by weight or less of the entire plasticizer, as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired
- 1% by weight or less may be contained.
- the resin concentration of the aqueous polyvinyl alcohol resin solution thus obtained is preferably 15 to 60% by weight, particularly preferably 17 to 55% by weight, and further preferably 20 to 50% by weight. If the resin concentration of such an aqueous solution is too low, the drying load increases and the production capacity tends to decrease. If it is too high, the viscosity becomes too high and uniform dissolution tends to be difficult.
- the obtained polyvinyl alcohol-based resin aqueous solution is defoamed.
- the defoaming method include stationary defoaming and defoaming using a multi-screw extruder having a vent.
- a twin-screw extruder having a vent is usually used as the multi-screw extruder having a vent.
- the polyvinyl alcohol-based resin aqueous solution is introduced into a T-shaped slit die by a certain amount, discharged and cast on a rotating cast drum, and formed into a film by a continuous casting method.
- the temperature of the polyvinyl alcohol resin aqueous solution at the exit of the T-shaped slit die is preferably 80 to 100 ° C., particularly preferably 85 to 98 ° C. If the temperature of the aqueous polyvinyl alcohol resin solution is too low, it tends to cause poor flow, and if it is too high, it tends to foam.
- the viscosity of the polyvinyl alcohol-based resin aqueous solution is preferably 50 to 200 Pa ⁇ s, particularly preferably 70 to 150 Pa ⁇ s at the time of discharge.
- the viscosity of the aqueous solution is too low, the flow tends to be poor, and when it is too high, casting tends to be difficult.
- the discharge speed of the aqueous polyvinyl alcohol resin solution discharged from the T-type slit die onto the cast drum is preferably 0.1 to 5 m / min, particularly preferably 0.2 to 4 m / min, and more preferably 0.8. 3 to 3 m / min. If the discharge speed is too slow, the productivity tends to be inferior, and if it is too fast, casting tends to be difficult.
- the diameter of the cast drum is preferably 2 to 5 m, particularly preferably 2.4 to 4.5 m, and further preferably 2.8 to 4 m. If the diameter is too small, the drying length is insufficient and the speed tends not to be obtained, and if it is too large, the transportability tends to decrease.
- the width of the cast drum is preferably 2 m or more, particularly preferably 3 m or more, more preferably 4 m or more, and particularly preferably 5 to 7 m. If the width of the cast drum is too small, the productivity tends to decrease.
- the rotational speed of the cast drum is preferably 3 to 50 m / min, particularly preferably 4 to 40 m / min, and further preferably 5 to 35 m / min. If the rotational speed is too slow, the productivity tends to decrease, and if it is too fast, the peelability tends to decrease.
- the surface temperature of such a cast drum is preferably 40 to 99 ° C., particularly preferably 50 to 95 ° C. If the surface temperature is too low, the peelability tends to decrease, and if it is too high, foaming tends to occur.
- the film is formed, and the obtained film is peeled off from the cast drum.
- the cast drum drum-type roll
- an endless belt, a resin film, or the like is formed instead of the cast drum. It can also be used. It is preferable to use a cast drum in terms of widening, lengthening, and excellent film thickness uniformity.
- This drying step (C) is a step of heating the film obtained by the film formation.
- the film peeled off from the cast drum is conveyed in the flow direction (MD direction), and heated and dried by alternately contacting the front and back surfaces of the film with a plurality of metal heating rolls.
- the metal heating roll is, for example, a roll having a diameter of 0.2 to 2 m, whose surface is hard chrome plated or mirror-finished, and is usually dried using 2 to 30 rolls, preferably 10 to 25 rolls. Is preferred.
- the drying temperature is usually 40 to 150 ° C, preferably 50 to 140 ° C. If the drying temperature is too low, drying tends to be poor, and if it is too high, drying tends to be excessive, and appearance defects such as undulation tend to be caused.
- the drying temperature in this invention means the surface temperature of the metal heating roll used two or more.
- the drying time is not particularly limited, but is usually 1 to 60 seconds, preferably 2 to 50 seconds, particularly preferably 3 to 40 seconds, and further preferably 4 to 30 seconds. If the drying time is too short, drying tends to be poor, and if it is too long, appearance defects such as swell tend to be caused.
- the drying time in this invention means the contact time of a metal heating roll and a film, and when there are a plurality of metal heating rolls, it is an integrated value of the contact time with these metal heating rolls. .
- the moisture content of the film after the drying step (C) is preferably 10% by weight or less, particularly preferably 1 to 9% by weight, more preferably 2 to 8% by weight, particularly preferably 3 to 7% by weight, More preferably, it is 4 to 6% by weight. If the moisture content is too high, the finally obtained polyvinyl alcohol film tends to be poorly dried.
- This heat treatment step (D) is a step of heat-treating the dried film.
- This heat treatment step (D) is an optional step performed as necessary.
- Examples of the heat treatment method include a method of blowing hot air on both surfaces of the film using a floating dryer, and a method of irradiating near infrared rays on both surfaces of the film using an infrared lamp.
- the heat treatment temperature is preferably 60 to 150 ° C, particularly preferably 70 to 140 ° C.
- the heat processing temperature means the temperature of the hot air sprayed when using the said floating dryer, and when using the said infrared lamp, it means the temperature of the near infrared rays to irradiate.
- the heat treatment time is preferably 10 to 120 seconds, particularly preferably 20 to 90 seconds, and further preferably 30 to 60 seconds. If the heat treatment time is too short, the fluctuation of the Young's modulus of the film tends to increase, and if it is too long, the productivity tends to decrease.
- the moisture content of the film after the heat treatment step (D) is preferably 5% by weight or less, particularly preferably 1 to 4% by weight. If the moisture content is too high, the finally obtained polyvinyl alcohol film tends to be poorly dried.
- the film that has undergone the heat treatment step (D) has slits at both ends in the width direction (TD direction) and is long in the flow direction (MD direction). It becomes a system film.
- This polyvinyl alcohol film is made into a film winding body by being wound around a core tube in a roll shape.
- the film that has undergone the heat treatment step (D) if necessary is slit in both ends of the film in the width direction (TD direction) and is long in the flow direction (MD direction). It becomes the polyvinyl alcohol-type film of this.
- This polyvinyl alcohol film is made into a film winding body by being wound around a core tube in a roll shape.
- the width of the polyvinyl alcohol film thus obtained is preferably 3 m or more from the viewpoint of increasing the area of the polarizing film, particularly preferably 4 m or more, and more preferably 4 to 7 m from the viewpoint of avoiding breakage.
- the length of the polyvinyl alcohol film is preferably 4 km or more from the viewpoint of productivity, particularly preferably 5 km or more, and more preferably 5 to 50 km from the viewpoint of transport weight.
- the thickness of the polyvinyl alcohol film is preferably 60 ⁇ m or less, particularly preferably 45 ⁇ m or less, and more preferably 10 to 30 ⁇ m from the viewpoint of thinning the polarizing film.
- the thickness of the polyvinyl alcohol film is adjusted by the resin concentration in the polyvinyl alcohol resin aqueous solution, the discharge amount (discharge speed) to the cast mold, the draw ratio, and the like.
- the polyvinyl alcohol film of the present invention is obtained. Since the polyvinyl alcohol film of the present invention has a low haze and is excellent in stretchability, it is particularly preferably used as a raw material for a polarizing film.
- the polyvinyl alcohol film of the present invention has a plasticizer and water content ratio (total amount of glycerin, diglycerin and water) in the film conditioned for 24 hours in an environment of 23 ° C. and 50% RH. %, Particularly preferably 17 to 23% by weight. If the content is too low, the flexibility of the polyvinyl alcohol film tends to decrease. Conversely, if the content is too high, the plasticizer bleeds out on the surface of the film during storage or transportation of the polyvinyl alcohol film. It tends to be easy to do.
- the content of glycerin and diglycerin in the polyvinyl alcohol film can be quantified by an analysis method using a liquid chromatograph, a gas chromatograph or the like.
- the water content in the present invention is a value calculated from the weight before and after drying of the polyvinyl alcohol film dried for 16 hours with a dryer at 105 ° C., and the film weight before drying is A, and the film after drying.
- the weight is B, it is calculated by the following formula.
- Moisture content (% by weight) of polyvinyl alcohol film 100 ⁇ (AB) / A
- the polyvinyl alcohol film of the present invention has the following physical properties (1) to (3) when measured for temperature rise and fall by a differential scanning calorimeter (hereinafter referred to as “DSC”). It is preferable to do.
- Condition (1) The crystallinity index is 0.4 or more in the temperature rise measurement.
- Condition (2) The peak of the crystallization temperature is 180 ° C. or higher in continuous temperature measurement.
- Condition (3) The full width at half maximum of the crystallization temperature is 10 ° C. or less.
- the measurement conditions of DSC in this invention are as follows. Measurement temperature: -50 to 250 ° C Temperature increase rate: 10 ° C / min Temperature decrease rate: 10 ° C / min
- the crystallinity index of the condition (1) is preferably 0.4 to 0.43, particularly preferably 0.41 to 0.42. If the crystallinity index is too low, the degree of polarization of the polarizing film tends to decrease, and conversely, if it is too high, the stretchability during the production of the polarizing film tends to decrease.
- the peak of the crystallization temperature in the condition (2) is preferably 180 to 190 ° C., particularly preferably 185 to 190 ° C. If the peak of the crystallization temperature is too low, the film tends to be fused with a metal heating roll when the polyvinyl alcohol film is dried. Conversely, if the peak is too high, the stretchability during the production of the polarizing film tends to decrease. It is in.
- the half width of the crystallization temperature in the condition (3) is preferably 10 ° C. or less, particularly preferably 7 to 9.5 ° C. If the half width of the crystallization temperature is too wide, the optical distortion of the polyvinyl alcohol film tends to increase.
- the polyvinyl alcohol film of the present invention preferably has a haze of 1% or less, particularly preferably 0.8% or less, more preferably 0.6% or less, and particularly preferably 0.5% or less. If the haze is too high, the light transmittance of the polarizing film tends to decrease. In addition, the lower limit of haze is 0.1% normally.
- the polyvinyl alcohol film of the present invention preferably has a Young's modulus of 20 to 100 MPa, particularly preferably 30 when a tensile test is performed on a film conditioned for 24 hours in an environment of 20 ° C. and 65% RH. ⁇ 90 MPa, more preferably 40 ⁇ 80 MPa. If the Young's modulus is too low, the degree of polarization of the polarizing film tends to decrease. Conversely, if the Young's modulus is too high, the stretchability during the production of the polarizing film tends to decrease.
- the polyvinyl alcohol film of the present invention preferably has a breaking ratio of 4 times or more when a tensile test is performed on a film conditioned for 24 hours in an environment of 20 ° C. and 65% RH, particularly preferably 4. 5 times or more, more preferably 5 times or more. If the breaking ratio is too low, the stretchability during the production of the polarizing film tends to be reduced. Note that the upper limit of the breaking ratio is usually 7 times.
- the polarizing film of the present invention is produced through steps such as swelling, dyeing, boric acid crosslinking, stretching, washing and drying by feeding the polyvinyl alcohol film from the film winding body and transporting it in the horizontal direction.
- the swelling process is performed before the dyeing process.
- water is usually used as the treatment liquid.
- the treatment liquid may contain a small amount of an additive such as an iodide compound, a surfactant, alcohol, and the like.
- the temperature of the swelling bath is usually about 10 to 45 ° C., and the immersion time in the swelling bath is usually about 0.1 to 10 minutes.
- the dyeing step is performed by bringing a liquid containing iodine or a dichroic dye into contact with the polyvinyl alcohol film.
- a liquid containing iodine or a dichroic dye into contact with the polyvinyl alcohol film.
- an iodine-potassium iodide aqueous solution is used.
- the iodine concentration is suitably 0.1-2 g / L, and the potassium iodide concentration is 1-100 g / L.
- the dyeing time is practically about 30 to 500 seconds.
- the temperature of the treatment bath is preferably 5 to 50 ° C.
- the aqueous solution may contain a small amount of an organic solvent compatible with water in addition to the aqueous solvent.
- the boric acid crosslinking step is performed using a boron compound such as boric acid or borax.
- the boron compound is used in the form of an aqueous solution or a water-organic solvent mixture at a concentration of about 10 to 100 g / L, and it is preferable that potassium iodide coexists in the solution from the viewpoint of stabilizing the polarization performance.
- the temperature during the treatment is preferably about 30 to 70 ° C., and the treatment time is preferably about 0.1 to 20 minutes. If necessary, the stretching operation may be performed during the treatment.
- the stretching step is preferably performed 3 to 10 times, preferably 3.5 to 6 times in a uniaxial direction [flow direction (MD direction)].
- a slight stretching stretching to prevent shrinkage in the width direction (TD direction) or more
- the temperature during stretching is preferably 30 to 170 ° C.
- the stretching ratio may be finally set within the above range, and the stretching operation may be performed not only once but also a plurality of times in the polarizing film manufacturing process.
- tensile_strength in this extending process needs to be an appropriate range. That is, when the stretching tension is too large, the film cannot be stretched to a predetermined stretching ratio, and the dichroic dye is not sufficiently oriented, so that the degree of polarization tends not to improve. On the other hand, when the stretching tension is too small, the orientation of the dichroic dye is not stable even if the stretching is stretched to a predetermined stretching ratio, and there is a tendency that uneven coloring occurs in the polarizing film. In general, in the polarizing film manufacturing process, since the stretching tension is set for each thickness, it is difficult to generalize a preferable range. However, in the comparison with the same thickness, the stretching tension is 1 It is preferable to reduce by 20% or more, particularly preferably by 20 to 40%.
- the washing step is performed, for example, by immersing the polyvinyl alcohol film in an aqueous iodide solution such as water or potassium iodide, and the precipitate generated on the surface of the polyvinyl alcohol film can be removed.
- an aqueous potassium iodide solution the potassium iodide concentration is about 1 to 80 g / L.
- the temperature during the washing treatment is usually 5 to 50 ° C., preferably 10 to 45 ° C.
- the treatment time is usually 1 to 300 seconds, preferably 10 to 240 seconds.
- the polyvinyl alcohol film is dried in the atmosphere at 40 to 80 ° C. for 1 to 10 minutes.
- the polarization degree of the polarizing film is preferably 99.9% or more, more preferably 99.92% or more. If the degree of polarization is too low, there is a tendency that the contrast in the liquid crystal display cannot be secured.
- the single transmittance of the polarizing film of the present invention is preferably 42% or more, more preferably 43% or more. If the single transmittance is too low, it tends to be impossible to achieve high brightness of the liquid crystal display.
- the single transmittance is a value obtained by measuring the light transmittance of a single polarizing film using a spectrophotometer.
- the polarizing film of the present invention is used for production of a polarizing plate. That is, the polarizing film of the present invention is suitable for producing a polarizing plate having excellent polarization degree and no dyeing unevenness.
- the manufacturing method of the polarizing plate of this invention is demonstrated.
- the polarizing film of the present invention is produced by bonding an optically isotropic resin film as a protective film to one or both surfaces of the polarizing film via an adhesive.
- protective films include films of cellulose triacetate, cellulose diacetate, polycarbonate, polymethyl methacrylate, cycloolefin polymer, cycloolefin copolymer, polystyrene, polyethersulfone, polyarylene ester, poly-4-methylpentene, polyphenylene oxide, and the like. Or a sheet.
- the bonding method is performed by a known method. For example, after the liquid adhesive composition is uniformly applied to the polarizing film, the protective film, or both, the both are bonded and pressure-bonded. It is performed by irradiating active energy rays.
- a polarizing plate can be formed by applying a curable resin such as urethane resin, acrylic resin, urea resin or the like on one or both surfaces of the polarizing film and curing to form a cured layer.
- a curable resin such as urethane resin, acrylic resin, urea resin or the like
- Polarizing films and polarizing plates using the polyvinyl alcohol film of the present invention are excellent in polarizing performance, such as portable information terminals, personal computers, televisions, projectors, signage, electronic desk calculators, electronic watches, word processors, electronic paper, games.
- Machines, videos, cameras, photo albums, thermometers, audio, liquid crystal display devices such as automobile and machinery instruments, sunglasses, anti-glare glasses, stereoscopic glasses, wearable displays, display elements (CRT, LCD, organic EL, electronic It is preferably used for an antireflection layer for paper and the like, an optical communication device, a medical device, a building material, a toy and the like.
- Amount of plasticizer in film (wt%) The resulting polyvinyl alcohol film was conditioned for 24 hours in a constant temperature and humidity chamber at 23 ° C. and 50% RH, and then 1 g of a test piece was cut out and 40 mL of methanol was used as a solvent, and glycerin and diglycerin with a high-speed solvent extraction device. Extracted. After concentrating the obtained extract with an evaporator, the volume is adjusted to 10 mL with a volumetric flask, and 10 ⁇ L of the fixed volume is mixed with 400 ⁇ L of trimethylsilylation reagent N-methyl-N-trimethylsilyl trifluoroacetamide (MSTFA) in a vial and heated.
- MSTFA trimethylsilylation reagent N-methyl-N-trimethylsilyl trifluoroacetamide
- glycerin and diglycerin were converted into trimethylsilyl derivatives.
- 1 ⁇ L of the derivatized liquid is subjected to liquid chromatography / mass spectrometry (GC / MS) to quantify glycerin and diglycerin, and from the obtained weight, the amount of glycerin (% by weight) and the amount of diglycerin with respect to 1 g of film. (% By weight) was calculated.
- GC / MS liquid chromatography / mass spectrometry
- Crystallinity index ⁇ H (J / g) / 156 (J / g)
- Young's modulus (MPa), rupture magnification (times) The obtained polyvinyl alcohol film was conditioned for 24 hours in a constant temperature and humidity chamber at 20 ° C. and 65% RH, and then a test piece of 120 mm ⁇ 15 mm was cut out and manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation “Precision Universal Testing Machine, Autograph (AG -IS) ", Young's modulus (MPa) in the flow direction (MD direction) in an environment of 20 ° C and 65% RH in accordance with JIS K7127: 1999 (tensile speed of 1000 mm / min, distance between chucks of 50 mm). And the breaking magnification (times) were measured.
- the polyvinyl alcohol-based resin aqueous solution is supplied to a twin-screw extruder having a vent and defoamed, and then the aqueous solution temperature is set to 95 ° C. and discharged (discharged) from a T-type slit die discharge port onto a rotating cast drum.
- the film was formed by casting at a speed of 1.9 m / min. The film formed was peeled from the cast drum, and dried while the front and back surfaces of the film were alternately brought into contact with 20 metal heating rolls.
- both end portions in the width direction were slit to obtain a polyvinyl alcohol film having a thickness of 45 ⁇ m, a width of 5 m, and a length of 10 km.
- glycerin and diglycerin in the obtained polyvinyl alcohol film were quantitatively analyzed by the above-described measuring method, it was 10% by weight, and the weight ratio of glycerin to diglycerin was 7: 3.
- the characteristic of the obtained polyvinyl alcohol-type film is shown in following Table 1.
- the polyvinyl alcohol film was wound around a core tube in a roll shape to obtain a film winding body.
- the obtained polyvinyl alcohol-based film is unwound from the above-mentioned film winding body and conveyed in the horizontal direction using a conveying roll.
- the film is immersed in a water bath at a water temperature of 30 ° C. and swollen to 1 in the flow direction (MD direction). Stretched 7 times.
- the film was stretched 1.6 times in the flow direction (MD direction) while being immersed in an aqueous solution at 30 ° C. composed of iodine 0.5 g / L and potassium iodide 30 g / L, and then boric acid 40 g / L.
- Examples 2 to 5 and Comparative Examples 1 to 4 A polyvinyl alcohol film and a polarizing film were obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the production was performed under the conditions shown in Table 1 below. The properties of the obtained polyvinyl alcohol film are shown in Table 1 below, and the properties of the obtained polarizing film are shown in Table 2 below.
- Comparative Examples 1 and 3 volatilization of glycerin was severe during the production of the polyvinyl alcohol film, and adhesion of the glycerin aqueous solution to the production facility was confirmed. Moreover, the stain
- polarizing films using these polyvinyl alcohol films are A polarizing film having a high degree of polarization and single transmittance was obtained.
- a polarizing film using the polyvinyl alcohol film of Comparative Examples 1 to 4 in which the blending ratio of glycerin or diglycerin alone and the weight ratio of glycerin and diglycerin are outside the specific range of the present invention is It turns out that it is inferior to a degree and dyeing unevenness.
- Polarizing films and polarizing plates using the polyvinyl alcohol film of the present invention are excellent in polarizing performance, such as portable information terminals, personal computers, televisions, projectors, signage, electronic desk calculators, electronic watches, word processors, electronic paper, games.
- Machines, videos, cameras, photo albums, thermometers, audio, liquid crystal display devices such as automobile and machinery instruments, sunglasses, anti-glare glasses, stereoscopic glasses, wearable displays, display elements (CRT, LCD, organic EL, electronic It is preferably used for an antireflection layer for paper and the like, an optical communication device, a medical device, a building material, a toy and the like.
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Abstract
Description
条件(1)昇温測定において結晶度指数が0.4以上であること。
条件(2)連続した降温測定において結晶化温度のピークが180℃以上であること。
条件(3)上記結晶化温度の半値幅が10℃以下であること。
本発明の偏光膜用ポリビニルアルコール系フィルム(以下、「ポリビニルアルコール系フィルム」と称す場合がある。)は、グリセリンおよびジグリセリンを含む可塑剤を含有し、しかもポリビニルアルコール系フィルム中の可塑剤の含有割合が8~22重量%であり、グリセリンとジグリセリンの含有比率(重量比)がグリセリン:ジグリセリン=50:50~90:10であることを特徴とする。
なお、本発明において、「グリセリンおよびジグリセリンを含む可塑剤」とは、「グリセリンおよびジグリセリンを主成分として含有する可塑剤」および「グリセリンおよびジグリセリンのみからなる可塑剤」を意味するものである。そして、上記主成分とは、本発明の効果を損なわない範囲で、グリセリンおよびジグリセリン以外の可塑剤を少量含有してもよい旨を意味するものであり、具体的には、グリセリンおよびジグリセリン以外の可塑剤を、通常、可塑剤全体の10重量%以下、好ましくは5重量%以下、特に好ましくは1重量%以下含有してもよい旨を意味する。そして、本発明においては、可塑剤がグリセリンおよびジグリセリンのみからなる場合が好ましい。
なお、ポリビニルアルコール系フィルム中のグリセリンおよびジグリセリンの含有量は、液体クロマトグラフやガスクロマトグラフ等を用いた分析手法により定量することができる。
グリセリンに対するジグリセリンの含有比率が下限値未満では、ポリビニルアルコール系フィルム製造時に、水蒸気と共に揮散するグリセリン量が多いため、設備への汚染が発生しやすく、揮散したグリセリンの再付着によりポリビニルアルコール系フィルム自体の品質が低下し、また、低融点のグリセリン量が多いため、金属製加熱ロールを用いたポリビニルアルコール系フィルムの乾燥工程において、上記ポリビニルアルコール系フィルムが金属製加熱ロールに融着してしまい、本発明の目的を達成できない。逆に、グリセリンに対するジグリセリンの含有比率が上限値を超えても、ポリビニルアルコール系フィルムのヘイズが増大し、本発明の目的を達成できない。
本発明のポリビニルアルコール系フィルムの製造方法は、可塑剤を含有するポリビニルアルコール系樹脂の水溶液(製膜原液)を調製する調製工程(A)と、その調製した水溶液を連続的にキャスト型に吐出および流延して製膜する製膜工程(B)と、その製膜したフィルムをキャスト型から剥離した後、乾燥させる乾燥工程(C)とを備えている。さらに、その乾燥させたフィルムを必要に応じて熱処理する熱処理工程(D)を備えていることが好ましい。そして、本発明においては、上記調製工程(A)において、製膜原液を調製する際に用いられる可塑剤としてはグリセリンおよびジグリセリンを含有するものであり、上記可塑剤の配合量がポリビニルアルコール系樹脂100重量部に対して10~28重量部であり、上記グリセリンとジグリセリンの配合比率(重量比)が50:50~90:10であることを特徴とする。
なお、上記「グリセリンおよびジグリセリンを含有する」とは、先に述べたように、「グリセリンおよびジグリセリンを含む可塑剤」とは、「グリセリンおよびジグリセリンを主成分として含有する可塑剤」および「グリセリンおよびジグリセリンのみからなる可塑剤」を意味するものである。そして、上記主成分とは、本発明の効果を損なわない範囲で、グリセリンおよびジグリセリン以外の可塑剤を少量含有してもよい旨を意味するものであり、具体的には、グリセリンおよびジグリセリン以外の可塑剤を、通常、可塑剤全体の10重量%以下、好ましくは5重量%以下、特に好ましくは1重量%以下含有してもよい旨を意味する。そして、本発明においては、可塑剤がグリセリンおよびジグリセリンのみからなる場合が好ましい。
まず、前記可塑剤を含有するポリビニルアルコール系樹脂水溶液の調製工程(A)について詳しく説明する。
本発明で用いられるポリビニルアルコール系樹脂としては、未変性のポリビニルアルコール系樹脂、すなわち、酢酸ビニルを重合して得られるポリ酢酸ビニルをケン化して製造される樹脂が用いられる。なお、本発明に用いるポリビニルアルコール系樹脂は、室温付近(例えば、0~50℃)の水に溶解するポリビニルアルコール系樹脂は含まない。
ここで、本発明における平均ケン化度は、JIS K 6726に準じて測定されるものである。
かかるポリビニルアルコール系樹脂ウェットケーキを温水や熱水に溶解して、ポリビニルアルコール系樹脂水溶液を調製する。
グリセリンに対するジグリセリンの配合比率が下限値未満では、ポリビニルアルコール系フィルム製造時に、水蒸気と共に揮散するグリセリン量が多いため、設備への汚染が発生しやすく、揮散したグリセリンの再付着によりポリビニルアルコール系フィルム自体の品質が低下し、また、低融点のグリセリン量が多いため、金属製加熱ロールを用いたポリビニルアルコール系フィルムの乾燥工程において、上記ポリビニルアルコール系フィルムが金属製加熱ロールに融着してしまい、本発明の目的を達成できない。逆に、グリセリンに対するジグリセリンの配合比率が上限値を超えても、ポリビニルアルコール系フィルムのヘイズが増大し、本発明の目的を達成できない。
さらには、先に述べたように、本発明の効果を損なわない範囲で、グリセリンおよびジグリセリン以外の可塑剤を少量(通常、可塑剤全体の10重量%以下、好ましくは5重量%以下、特に好ましくは1重量%以下)含有してもよい。
得られたポリビニルアルコール系樹脂水溶液は、脱泡処理される。脱泡方法としては、静置脱泡やベントを有する多軸押出機による脱泡等の方法があげられる。ベントを有する多軸押出機としては、通常はベントを有した2軸押出機が用いられる。
なお、この実施の形態では、製膜に用いるキャスト型として上記キャストドラム(ドラム型ロール)を用いる場合を例にとって説明しているが、そのキャストドラムに替えてエンドレスベルト、樹脂フィルム等を製膜に用いることもできる。幅広化や長尺化、膜厚の均一性に優れる点から、キャストドラムを用いることが好ましい。
次いで、前記乾燥工程(C)について説明する。この乾燥工程(C)は、上記製膜されて得られたフィルムを加熱する工程である。
ついで、前記熱処理工程(D)について詳しく説明する。この熱処理工程(D)は、上記乾燥されたフィルムを熱処理する工程である。この熱処理工程(D)は、必要に応じて行なわれる任意の工程である。
かかる熱処理方法としては、例えば、フローティングドライヤーを用いてフィルムの両面に熱風を吹き付ける手法や、赤外線ランプを用いてフィルムの両面に近赤外線を照射する手法があげられる。熱処理温度は、60~150℃が好ましく、特には70~140℃が好ましい。熱処理温度が低すぎると、ポリビニルアルコール系フィルムの耐水性が不足する傾向があり、高すぎると偏光フィルム製造時の延伸性が低下する傾向がある。なお、その熱処理温度は、上記フローティングドライヤーを用いる場合は、吹き付ける熱風の温度を意味し、上記赤外線ランプを用いる場合は、照射する近赤外線の温度を意味する。
また、熱処理時間は、フローティングドライヤーを用いる場合、10~120秒間が好ましく、特に好ましくは20~90秒間、更に好ましくは30~60秒間である。かかる熱処理時間が短すぎると、フィルムのヤング率のふれが増大する傾向があり、長すぎると、生産性が低下する傾向がある。
熱処理工程(D)を経た後のフィルムの水分率は、5重量%以下が好ましく、特に好ましくは1~4重量%である。かかる水分率が高すぎると、最終的に得られるポリビニルアルコール系フィルムが乾燥不良となる傾向にある。
上記乾燥工程(C)の後、必要に応じて上記熱処理工程(D)を経たフィルムは、幅方向(TD方向)の両端部がスリットされ、流れ方向(MD方向)に長い本発明のポリビニルアルコール系フィルムとなる。このポリビニルアルコール系フィルムは、芯管にロール状に巻き取られることにより、フィルム巻装体に作製される。
本発明のポリビニルアルコール系フィルムは、低ヘイズであり、延伸性に優れるため、偏光膜用の原反として特に好ましく用いられる。
ポリビニルアルコール系フィルムの水分の含有割合(重量%)=100×(A-B)/A
条件(1)昇温測定において結晶度指数が0.4以上であること。
条件(2)連続した降温測定において結晶化温度のピークが180℃以上であること。
条件(3)上記結晶化温度の半値幅が10℃以下であること。
なお、本発明におけるDSCの測定条件は下記の通りである。
測定温度:-50~250℃
昇温速度:10℃/分
降温速度:10℃/分
結晶度指数=△H(J/g)/156(J/g)
ここで、本発明の偏光膜用ポリビニルアルコール系フィルムを用いて得られる偏光膜の製造方法について説明する。
なお、一般的に、偏光膜製造工程において、延伸張力は厚さごとに設定されるため、好ましい範囲を一般化するのは困難であるが、同じ厚さでの比較においては、延伸張力を1割以上低減することが好ましく、特に好ましくは2~4割低減することである。
なお、偏光度は、一般的に2枚の偏光膜を、その配向方向が同一方向になるように重ね合わせた状態で、波長λにおいて測定した光線透過率(H11)と、2枚の偏光膜を、配向方向が互いに直交する方向になる様に重ね合わせた状態で、波長λにおいて測定した光線透過率(H1)より、下式にしたがって算出される。
偏光度=〔(H11-H1)/(H11+H1)〕1/2
単体透過率は、分光光度計を用いて偏光膜単体の光線透過率を測定して得られる値である。
かくして、本発明の偏光膜が得られるが、本発明の偏光膜は、偏光板の製造に用いられる。すなわち、本発明の偏光膜は、偏光度に優れ、染色ムラの無い偏光板を製造するのに好適である。
ここで、本発明の偏光板の製造方法について説明する。
得られたポリビニルアルコール系フィルムを23℃50%RHの恒温恒湿室中で24時間調湿した後、試験片1gを切り出し、溶媒としてメタノール40mLを用いて、高速溶媒抽出装置でグリセリンおよびジグリセリンを抽出した。得られた抽出液をエバポレータで濃縮後、メスフラスコで10mLに定容し、定容液10μLを、バイアルビン中でトリメチルシリル化試薬N-methyl-N-trimethylsilyl trifluoroacetamide(MSTFA)400μLと混合および加温(60℃)することで、グリセリンおよびジグリセリンをトリメチルシリル誘導体化した。誘導体化した液1μLを、液体クロマトグラフ/質量分析測定(GC/MS)することにより、グリセリンおよびジグリセリンを定量し、得られた重量から、フィルム1gに対するグリセリン量(重量%)とジグリセリン量(重量%)を算出した。
得られたポリビニルアルコール系フィルムを23℃50%RHの恒温恒湿室中で24時間調湿した後、100mm×100mmの試験片を切り出し、初期の重量A(g)と、105℃の乾燥機で16時間乾燥後の重量B(g)から、下式により水分量(重量%)を算出した。
水分量(重量%)=100×(A-B)/A
得られたポリビニルアルコール系フィルムから50mm×50mmの試験片を切り出し、83℃に設定した真空乾燥機内で20分間真空乾燥した後、デシケータ内で10分間冷却し、DSC(TA instruments社製Q2000、アルミパン、試料5mg)を用いて、-50℃から250℃まで昇温速度10℃/分で昇温して、サンプル1gあたりの融解熱量ΔH(J/g)を測定し、かかる融解熱量(J/g)より下式にしたがって結晶度指数を算出した。連続して、250℃から-50℃まで降温速度10℃/分で冷却して結晶化温度のピーク(℃)と半値幅(℃)を測定した。
結晶度指数=△H(J/g)/156(J/g)
得られたポリビニルアルコール系フィルムから50mm×50mmの試験片を10枚切り出し、日本電色社製ヘイズメーターNDH-4000を用いて測定し、10枚の平均値をヘイズ(%)とした。
得られたポリビニルアルコール系フィルムを20℃65%RHの恒温恒湿室中で24時間調湿した後、120mm×15mmの試験片を切り出し、島津製作所社製「精密万能試験機、オートグラフ(AG-IS)」を用いて、JIS K7127:1999(引っ張り速度1000mm/分、チャック間距離50mm)に準じて、20℃65%RHの環境下で、流れ方向(MD方向)のヤング率(MPa)と破断倍率(倍)を測定した。
得られた偏光膜の幅方向の中央部と両端部(膜端から10cm内側とする)から、長さ4cm×幅4cmの試験片を切り出し、自動偏光フィルム測定装置(日本分光社製:VAP7070)を用いて、偏光度(%)と単体透過率(%)を測定した。
得られた偏光膜の幅方向の中央部と両端部(膜端から10cm内側とする)から、長さ30cm×幅30cmの試験片を切り出し、クロスニコル状態の2枚の偏光板(単体透過率43.5%、偏光度99.9%)の間に45°の角度で挟んだ後に、表面照度14,000lxのライトボックスを用いて、透過モードで染色ムラを観察し、以下の基準で評価した。
(評価基準)
○・・・全面に染色ムラが全くなかった。
△・・・全面の20%未満の領域に染色ムラがあった。
×・・・全面の20%以上の領域に染色ムラがあった。
(ポリビニルアルコール系フィルムの作製)
重量平均分子量142,000、ケン化度99.8モル%のポリビニルアルコール系樹脂2,000kg、水5,000kg、可塑剤としてグリセリン168kgとジグリセリン72kgを入れ(グリセリン:ジグリセリン=70:30(重量比)、ポリビニルアルコール系樹脂100重量部に対する配合量は合計で12重量部)、撹拌しながら140℃まで昇温して、樹脂濃度25重量%に濃度調整を行い、均一に溶解したポリビニルアルコール系樹脂水溶液を調製した。次に、上記ポリビニルアルコール系樹脂水溶液を、ベントを有する2軸押出機に供給して脱泡した後、水溶液温度を95℃にし、T型スリットダイ吐出口より、回転するキャストドラムに吐出(吐出速度1.9m/分)および流延して製膜した。その製膜したフィルムをキャストドラムから剥離し、そのフィルムの表面と裏面とを20本の金属製加熱ロールに交互に接触させながら乾燥を行った。その後、幅方向(TD方向)の両端部をスリットし、厚さ45μm、幅5m、長さ10kmのポリビニルアルコール系フィルムを得た。得られたポリビニルアルコール系フィルム中のグリセリン、およびジグリセリンを前述の測定方法にて定量分析したところ10重量%であり、グリセリンとジグリセリンの重量比は7:3であった。また、得られたポリビニルアルコール系フィルムの特性を下記の表1に示す。最後に、そのポリビニルアルコール系フィルムを芯管にロール状に巻き取り、フィルム巻装体を得た。
得られたポリビニルアルコール系フィルムを上記フィルム巻装体から繰り出し、搬送ロールを用いて水平方向に搬送しながら、まず、水温30℃の水槽に浸漬して膨潤させながら流れ方向(MD方向)に1.7倍に延伸した。次に、ヨウ素0.5g/L、ヨウ化カリウム30g/Lよりなる30℃の水溶液中に浸漬して染色しながら流れ方向(MD方向)に1.6倍に延伸し、ついでホウ酸40g/L、ヨウ化カリウム30g/Lの組成の水溶液(50℃)に浸漬してホウ酸架橋しながら流れ方向(MD方向)に2.1倍に一軸延伸した。最後に、ヨウ化カリウム水溶液で洗浄を行い、50℃で2分間乾燥して総延伸倍率5.7倍の偏光膜を得た。得られた偏光膜の特性を下記の表2に示す。
下記の表1に示される条件で製造する以外は、実施例1と同様にして、ポリビニルアルコール系フィルム、および偏光膜を得た。得られたポリビニルアルコール系フィルムの特性を下記の表1に、また得られた偏光膜の特性を下記の表2に示す。
なお、比較例1および3においては、ポリビニルアルコール系フィルム製造中にグリセリンの揮散がひどく、製造設備にグリセリン水溶液の付着が確認された。また、得られたポリビニルアルコール系フィルムの表面に、グリセリンが再付着したとみられる汚れや、金属製加熱ロールとの融着痕が確認された。
Claims (10)
- グリセリンおよびジグリセリンを含む可塑剤を含有する偏光膜用ポリビニルアルコール系フィルムであって、
ポリビニルアルコール系フィルム中の上記可塑剤の含有割合が8~22重量%であり、
上記グリセリンとジグリセリンの含有重量比率がグリセリン:ジグリセリン=50:50~90:10である
ことを特徴とする偏光膜用ポリビニルアルコール系フィルム。 - 23℃50%RHの環境下で24時間調湿したフィルム中の可塑剤および水分の合計含有割合が、16~25重量%であることを特徴とする請求項1記載の偏光膜用ポリビニルアルコール系フィルム。
- 示差走査熱量計による昇温測定および降温測定をした際に、下記条件(1)~(3)を全て満足することを特徴とする請求項1または2記載の偏光膜用ポリビニルアルコール系フィルム。
条件(1)昇温測定において結晶度指数が0.4以上であること。
条件(2)連続した降温測定において結晶化温度のピークが180℃以上であること。
条件(3)上記結晶化温度の半値幅が10℃以下であること。 - 20℃65%RHの環境下で24時間調湿したフィルムの引っ張り試験でのヤング率が、20~100MPaであることを特徴とする請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の偏光膜用ポリビニルアルコール系フィルム。
- 20℃65%RHの環境下で24時間調湿したフィルムの引っ張り試験での破断倍率が、4倍以上であることを特徴とする請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の偏光膜用ポリビニルアルコール系フィルム。
- ヘイズが1%以下であることを特徴とする請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載の偏光膜用ポリビニルアルコール系フィルム。
- 厚さ10~30μmであることを特徴とする請求項1~6のいずれか一項に記載の偏光膜用ポリビニルアルコール系フィルム。
- 幅3m以上、長さ4km以上であることを特徴とする請求項1~7のいずれか一項に記載の偏光膜用ポリビニルアルコール系フィルム。
- 請求項1~8のいずれか一項に記載の偏光膜用ポリビニルアルコール系フィルムを製造する方法であって、可塑剤を含有するポリビニルアルコール系樹脂の水溶液を調製する調製工程と、その調製した水溶液を連続的にキャスト型に流延して製膜する製膜工程とを備え、上記可塑剤がグリセリンおよびジグリセリンを含有するものであり、上記可塑剤の配合量がポリビニルアルコール系樹脂100重量部に対して10~28重量部であり、上記グリセリンとジグリセリンの配合重量比率がグリセリン:ジグリセリン=50:50~90:10であることを特徴とする偏光膜用ポリビニルアルコール系フィルムの製造方法。
- 請求項1~8のいずれか一項に記載の偏光膜用ポリビニルアルコール系フィルムを用いて得られることを特徴とする偏光膜。
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| KR1020187037115A KR102295492B1 (ko) | 2016-06-27 | 2017-06-23 | 편광막용 폴리비닐알코올계 필름, 및 이의 제조 방법, 및 상기 편광막용 폴리비닐알코올계 필름을 사용한 편광막 |
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| US12379523B2 (en) | 2020-02-17 | 2025-08-05 | Samsung Sdi Co., Ltd. | Polarizer, polarizing plate, and optical display device comprising same |
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| CN115947960B (zh) * | 2021-10-08 | 2024-09-13 | 长春石油化学股份有限公司 | 聚乙烯醇薄膜、包含其的光学薄膜及其制法 |
| CN115266966A (zh) * | 2022-07-07 | 2022-11-01 | 重庆光谱新材料科技有限公司 | 一种检测聚乙烯醇薄膜溶出物含量的方法 |
| CN115266966B (zh) * | 2022-07-07 | 2024-05-07 | 重庆光谱新材料科技有限公司 | 一种检测聚乙烯醇薄膜溶出物含量的方法 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPWO2018003671A1 (ja) | 2019-04-18 |
| TWI756233B (zh) | 2022-03-01 |
| CN109416424A (zh) | 2019-03-01 |
| TW201815915A (zh) | 2018-05-01 |
| KR20190022550A (ko) | 2019-03-06 |
| CN109416424B (zh) | 2021-11-12 |
| KR102295492B1 (ko) | 2021-08-30 |
| JP6969378B2 (ja) | 2021-11-24 |
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