WO2018073207A1 - Method for patterning a surface, such as a glass surface - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method method for patterning a surface (1), such as a glass surface, by blasting the surface with blasting material (4) screened to an adjustable uniform grain size by means of a screening unit located in a blasting system for blasting and by dyeing the blasted surface by filling recesses (2) in the blasted glass surface with translucent and reflective pigments (9) in order to reduce the transmission losses of the light.

Description

 METHOD FOR EMBODYING A SURFACE, FOR EXAMPLE A GLASS SURFACE

The present invention relates to a method of patterning a glass surface by blasting and coloring the blasted glass surface.

PRIOR ART The prior art does not disclose a method for producing a translucent and, at the same time, obtrusive surface for the observer. Conventional blasting processes are known for a variety of applications and applications. When blasting is generally used blasting material with different Komdurchmessern. When blasting, therefore, there is the effect that particularly large grains achieve a large processing removal, and sprinkle medium and smaller grains over the surface of the blasting material and ensure a Streumabfrag.

Further, methods for clouding a glass surface (frosted glass) by roughening are known. Here, a surface of a glass is built up either by acid heating or by sandblasting. This creates a roughened surface through which light rays no longer penetrate freely through the glass, resulting in a clouding for a viewer.

Object of the invention

The object of the invention is to overcome the disadvantages of the prior art and it is an object of the inventive method to provide a patterning of a glass surface by means of rays highly reproducible and cost-effective with simple and environmentally friendly process steps available.

Solution of the task

To achieve the object, a method with the inventive method steps according to claim 1, as well as the associated dependent claims. A method comprising method steps according to the invention for patterning a glass surface comprises, depending on the patterning requirement, blasting with blasting material carried out in different ways and optionally with subsequent coloring. In the case of a simple patterning refinement of the glass surface, at least one defined grain size with a uniform distribution of the grain size of the blasting material is required. The blasting material is prepared by sieving with different fine sieves to ensure the defined grain size. For patterning a glass surface, selective radiation is ideally used. The grain size and a selected depending on the grain size and / or variable distance and a selected and / or variable jet pressure form process parameters with which in the patterning of the glass surface influencing the appearance of the surface, a level of the proportion of incident light, a light transmission and / or a light reflection is determined.

In this case, the impact is only partially and not over the entire surface of the surface distributed impacts, surface eruptions and depressions. There remain untreated / undamaged surface areas in the icro area. These surface skins can be produced reproducibly by means of appropriate blasting material recipes, the screening of the blasting material and the tolerance range of a uniform grain size being essential process parameters which ensure better light transmission with virtually the same optical effect.

In general, a grain of uniform size proves to be particularly suitable because it impacts, surface erosion and depressions can be produced reproducibly on the glass to be irradiated.

Experiments have shown that the smaller the sieving sequence, the more homogeneous the processing effect becomes on the blasted surface. For example, a radiation with a grain of 120μιτι size on a surface with homogeneously distributed surface eruptions as well as unprocessed surface sites. These unprocessed surface locations can range from a few microns to a few hundred microns in diameter.

Furthermore, these unprocessed surface areas allow a direct incidence of light, as would be the case with unpunished glass surfaces over the entire surface. Only the selectively blasted surface areas represent a roughened surface through which light rays can no longer penetrate unhindered through the glass, resulting in a visual turbidity effect for a viewer as described above. The uniform grain size therefore comprises grains of a size of 50μηη up to ΙΟΟΟμηη with a grain size deviation of at most 20%, preferably 10% of the adjustable uniform grain size to produce depressions in the glass surface to a greater light scattering at the blasted glass surface with a constant light transmission to achieve.

In the case of a detailed pattern structuring of the glass surface, the blasting material is first prepared by means of a sieve unit to an adjustable uniform grain size and then by a previously on the glass surface to be patterned preceded and / or applied, fabric and / or web of threads with a thread thickness, wherein the threads have a thread pitch to each other, blasted. The thread thickness and the thread pitch (screen opening) define an area of the surface which, after blasting, are regarded as intact surface locations and consequently form the areas with an unchanged translucency. Thus, it is within the meaning of the invention possible to obtain blasted surfaces, which combine two opposite visual-optical effects, namely a matt surface by means of rays with a high light transmission at the same time.

For the purposes of the invention, the fabric and / or web causes the unaltered light transmission solely by the screening on the glass surface. If the fabric and / or web additionally has a photolithographically prestructured area and serves as a template provided with a pattern, whose thread thickness and thread pitch also allow the pattern of the pattern to be patterned, further patterning degrees of freedom are possible. Such a template constructed in the context of the invention is also referred to as a tissue template.

The uniform grain size also in this inventive step comprises grains of a size of 50 m to ΙΟΟΟμηΊ with a grain size deviation of at most 20%, preferably 10% of the adjustable uniform grain size to produce depressions in the glass surface, wherein the grains are still on thread thickness and Yarn spacing of the serving as a template fabric and / or web are matched, so that there are more Sampling degrees of freedom. In these process steps, the Sfrahlverfahren can be done as a non-contact method, which require no pretreatment of the blasted object, or preparatory work on the blasting or the object to be irradiated. In experiments, the grain size of the blasting medium, the speed of movement and the oscillations of the blasting nozzle during blasting, the nozzle diameter and the nozzle length, which determines the exit velocity of the blasting material, the distance between the blasting nozzle and the material to be blasted, the working pressure during blasting and Feed rate, as essential process parameters result. These process parameters determine the relationship of the pattern resolution, the coverage and the scattering of the impacts of the abrasive on the glass surface to each other.

Subsequently, the coloring of the now blasted glass surface can be carried out as a further process step of the process according to the invention. When coloring the previously selectively and / or screened blasted glass surface depending on the application requirement, the surface eruptions and depressions blasted into the glass surface are filled with a color having translucent and reflective color pigments. For this purpose, the color is first brought into solution with a solvent as a thinner and a hardener. Subsequently, the blasted glass surface is wetted with a retarder and the solution of the color pigments is applied to the blasted glass surface. The retarder causes in particular in recesses of the blasted surface a delayed evaporation of the solvent of the solution and serves to increase the adhesion.

The solvent and the hardener are selected and used accordingly depending on the nature, condition and material of the Farbpimente. As a thinner can be z. For example, use a mixture of 50-100% 2-ethoxy-1-methylethyl acetate, 10-25% light aromatic solvent sapphire (petroleum), and 2.5-10% glycolic acid n-bufyl ester.

As a hardener can be z. Example, a mixture of 50-100% hexamethylene-l, 6-diisocyanate homopolymer, 10-25% n-butyl acetate, and <1% hexamethylene-l, 6-diisocyanate use.

The retarder may be a mixture of 50-100% n-butyl glycolate, 10-25% 2-ethoxy-1-methylethyl acetate, and 2.5-10% light aromatic solvent naphtha (Petroleum) and preferably 1-2% of a listener, such as the above-mentioned hardener use.

The color may include color pigments, 10-25% 2-ethoxy-1-methylethyl acetate, 5-10% barium sulfate 2, 1-2.5% gamma-butyrolactone, 1-2.5% xylene, <1% light aromatic solvent naphtha ( Petroleum) and <1% l-dodecyl-2-pyrrolidone.

Color with translucent and reflective color pigments have the advantage that, on the one hand, the transmission losses of the light can be reduced, since light rays continue to radiate through the selectively and / or screened blasted glass surface and, in particular inside the glass, to multiple reflections due to the reflective color pigments used comes.

According to the invention, it is thus possible to obtain blasted surfaces having a surface colored in any desired hue, which combine two opposing visual-optical effects, namely a surface frosted by blasting, with at the same time a coloring in any hue and a high light transmittance ,

In experiments, it has proven to be particularly suitable when using translucent special paints with special reflective color pigments. Glass surfaces finished with such special paints therefore have the effect that light is incident on the unprocessed areas and internal reflection of the incident light within the glass pane is caused by these specially reflective color pigments. Furthermore, the radiation at these points allows a finely textured surface roughness, so that there color pigments adhere as best as possible.

Furthermore, this process step has the advantage that the energy efficiency of photovoltaic elements and / or solar thermal elements by patterned glass surface, a clouded by neither the radiation glass surface still has possibly further reduced or impaired by the additional coloring of the light transmittance of this glass surface. An inefficiency initially caused by turbidity is almost completely compensated by the described multiple reflection effect due to the reflective color pigments. Process steps of the inventive method are thus ideal for the production of patterned glass surfaces of photovoltaic elements. Furthermore, method steps of the method according to the invention are also outstandingly suitable for the production of patterned glass surfaces of solar thermal elements.

Incidentally, the method is not only suitable for a Bemusferung of flat glass, but it is also a sampling of hollow glass or otherwise shaped or cast glass possible.

 Also, the sampling of glass, which is finished with a mirror layer, possible.

 Likewise, the method is not only suitable for the Bemusferung of glass, but it can also be another material, namely wood or plastic or metal or leather processed by the inventive method.

figure description

Further advantages, features and details of the inventive method will become apparent from the following description and from the figures. However, the invention is not limited to the explained with reference to the figures procedure; these show in

Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view of a beam-brokered Maferialstücks with selective open radiation in the context of the invention;

Figure 2 is a Querschnittsansichf a Sfrahlbearbeitungsschrifts a previously used radiation with commercially available mixed grain; FIG. 3 shows a cross-sectional view of a selective beam processing step with a defined uniform grain size in the sense of the invention;

FIG. 4 shows a cross-sectional view of a screened beam processing step through a fabric or web in the sense of the invention;

Figure 5 is a pattern of a selectively blasted and colored glass sheet; FIG. 6 shows a further sample of a blasted and dyed glass pane;

FIG. 7 shows a further sample of a blasted and dyed glass pane;

FIG. 8 shows another pattern of a shaped, blasted glass pane; FIGS. 9 to 12 show a further example of a photovoltaic module blasted and colored with a contact-free tempered screen, examples of various free design options;

FIG. 13 shows an illustration of a pattern which coincides with the

 process according to the invention can not be finished;

1 to 19 each show a further pattern of one with a prestressed wire

 irradiated glass pane, designed and partially colored;

Figures 20 and 21 each a section of a screen template;

Figures 22 to 27 are each a detail of one with a prestressed wire

 irradiated glass pane, at different distances from the sieve to

Piece of material;

FIG. 28 each a section of the fabric or web;

Figure 29 is a cross-sectional view of a shot-blasted and inked

 Piece 1 with incident light and the effect of

 Light scattering;

FIG. 30 is a cross-sectional view of a jet-processed piece of material 1 with reflecting colors of a colored glass surface and the effect of light scattering;

FIG. 1 shows a cross-sectional view of a piece of material 1 subjected to jet blasting with numerous outbreaks 2 and unpunished surface areas 3.

Figure 2 shows a cross-sectional view of a conventional beam processing step at a piece of material 1 with extensive outbreaks 2. The commercial blasting, consisting of a variety of grains 4 different sizes is from a non-illustrated jet nozzle 7 with an adjustable jet pressure in a beam angle a to the surface plane of processing material 1 strand blasted. This results in a completely covered with impacts 2 surface. Figure 3 shows a cross-sectional view of a beam processing step in a piece of material 1 with numerous outbreaks 2 and unirradiated surface sites 3. The blasting material, consisting of a plurality of grains 4 of uniform sizes, from a non-illustrated jet nozzle 7 with an adjustable jet pressure in a beam angle, not shown a is blasted to the surface plane of the material piece 1 to be processed. This results in partially arranged impacts 2, which are distributed over the surface such that between the impacts 2 also unprocessed points 3 of the piece of material 1 remain.

FIG. 4 shows a cross-sectional view of a beam processing step on a piece of material 1, before which a fabric and / or a web 4 with threads 6 as a fabric template for a fine pattern projection and depending on sampling in this specific embodiment also photolithographically structured polymer layer 8 for projecting a surface pattern the piece of material 1 is attached without contact. The blasting material, consisting of a plurality of grains 4, is blasted from a blasting nozzle 7 with an adjustable blasting pressure at an unillustrated jet angle α to the surface plane of the material piece 1 to be processed.

In the following figures 5 to 28 processing samples of pieces of material 1 or sections of the tissue and / or the spine are shown.

FIG. 5 shows a sample of a blasted and colored glass sheet 1. FIG. 7 shows a sample of a blasted and colored glass sheet 1.

FIGS. 6 and 8 each show a further pattern of a colored and blasted glass pane 1 from FIG. 7.

FIGS. 9 to 11 each show a further pattern of a glass pane 1 which has been radiated over the whole area with a non-contact screen. Here, a screen 1 with a number of 24 threads 6 and a polymer layer 8 into which a pattern of maple leaves has been incorporated by photolithography was used. The leaves were blasted through the screen with a 120pm grain spaced 2mm from the glass. Subsequently, the sampling was colored. The same sieve was turned over and applied again over it with a 220 m grain irradiated, so that only a part of the paint was blasted off. In this way two optical color effects can be achieved. Subsequently, the surface was sealed with a sealant to protect the surface from contamination and also to make the surface washable. FIG. 12 shows a pattern which was produced similarly to the pattern of FIGS. 9 to 11 using a grain 4 having a coarser grain size for full-surface blasting and only after staining the entire glass surface by re-blasting using a grain 4 the patterning was done with a finer grain size.

FIG. 13 shows a pattern which can not be produced by the method according to the invention.

FIGS. 14 to 19, 22 to 28 each show a further pattern of a glass pane 1 irradiated with a prestressed screen, wherein the screen 4 is in direct contact with the glass pane 1. The screen 4 has not only threads 6, but also polymer-coated sites 8, so that at the same time a fine as well as area pattern projection of the screen 4 on the glass sheet 1 is possible.

FIGS. 20 and 21 show a fabric template comprising a multiplicity of threads 6 with a polymer layer 8 as a photolithographic application. FIG. 29 shows a cross-sectional view of a beam-processed material piece 1 with numerous outbreaks 2 and unirradiated surface areas 3. Incident light rays EL fall onto the glass surface of the material piece 1 and are refracted and / or reflected into reflected light rays RL according to Snell's law of refraction.

FIG. 29 shows a cross-sectional view of a piece of material 1 that has been processed by a jet, with numerous outbreaks 2 and unexposed surface areas 3. The openings 2 are coated with reflective color pigments 9. On the glass surface of the piece of material 1 incident light rays EL fall and are broken and / or reflected according to the Snell's law of refraction in reflected light rays RL. The reflected light rays RL entered into the interior of the material piece 1 are further reflected and / or refracted in the inside according to the Snellius law of refraction due to the color pigments 9. LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1 piece of material

2 outbreak

 3 Unprocessed job

4 seeds

 5 sieve

 6 threads

 7 jet nozzle

 8 polymer layer

9 color pigments

EL incident light beam

RL Reflected light beam α Beam angle

 S beam direction

Claims

claims 1. A method for bemusferung a glass surface, the following procedural comprising: - blasting of the glass surface with means located in a blasting machine sieving unit on an adjustable uniform orngrösse sieved grit to produce depressions in the glass surface, wherein the uniform grain size grains of a size of 50μηη up to ΙΟΟΟμιτι with a grain size deviation of at most 20%, preferably 10% of the adjustable uniform grain size comprises, in order to achieve a greater Lichtsfreuung at the blasted glass surface, in the case of a simple Mustermusterstrukfurierung the glass surface at a constant light transmission; and / or blasting the glass surface with a sieve unit screened by means of a blasting machine onto an adjustable uniform grain size to produce recesses in the glass surface, the uniform grain size ranging in size from 50μιη up to ΙΟΟΟμιη with a grain size deviation of at most 20% , preferably 10% of the adjustable uniform grain size, by a previously on the glass surface to be patterned and / or applied serving as a patterned template serving tissue and / or webs. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the template photolifographically vorstrukfurierte areas. 3. The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein the criminal proceedings is a Konfakffreies method that requires no pretreatment of the blasted object, or preliminary work on the object. 4. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein selectively non-irradiated sites have better light transmittance with light transmission kept constant than blasted sites and for a shaker an effect of visual haze results. 5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the glass is flat glass, hollow glass or otherwise shaped or cast glass. 6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the glass is finished with a mirror layer. 7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that in place of glass another material, namely wood or plastic or metal or leather occurs. 8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the glass surface is colored by filling the wells with translucent and reflective pigments (to reduce the transmission losses of light). 9. patterned glass surface of a photovoltaic element, which was produced by a method according to any one of claims 1 to 6 and optionally 8. 10. Patterned glass surface of a solar thermal element which has been produced by a process according to one of claims 1 to 6, optionally 8.