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WO2018068117A1 - Structural concrete tower and assembly method - Google Patents

Structural concrete tower and assembly method Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018068117A1
WO2018068117A1 PCT/BR2017/050311 BR2017050311W WO2018068117A1 WO 2018068117 A1 WO2018068117 A1 WO 2018068117A1 BR 2017050311 W BR2017050311 W BR 2017050311W WO 2018068117 A1 WO2018068117 A1 WO 2018068117A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
tower
segment
tower segment
structural concrete
segments
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/BR2017/050311
Other languages
French (fr)
Portuguese (pt)
Inventor
Marcos ONISHI
Cristiano Ferreira De SÁ
Daniel Massashi KAKO
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Protende Sistemas E Metodos De Construcoes Ltda
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Protende Sistemas E Metodos De Construcoes Ltda
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Publication of WO2018068117A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018068117A1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04HBUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H12/00Towers; Masts or poles; Chimney stacks; Water-towers; Methods of erecting such structures
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04HBUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H12/00Towers; Masts or poles; Chimney stacks; Water-towers; Methods of erecting such structures
    • E04H12/18Towers; Masts or poles; Chimney stacks; Water-towers; Methods of erecting such structures movable or with movable sections, e.g. rotatable or telescopic
    • E04H12/182Towers; Masts or poles; Chimney stacks; Water-towers; Methods of erecting such structures movable or with movable sections, e.g. rotatable or telescopic telescopic
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04HBUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H12/00Towers; Masts or poles; Chimney stacks; Water-towers; Methods of erecting such structures
    • E04H12/02Structures made of specified materials
    • E04H12/12Structures made of specified materials of concrete or other stone-like material, with or without internal or external reinforcements, e.g. with metal coverings, with permanent form elements
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04HBUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H12/00Towers; Masts or poles; Chimney stacks; Water-towers; Methods of erecting such structures
    • E04H12/22Sockets or holders for poles or posts
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04HBUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H12/00Towers; Masts or poles; Chimney stacks; Water-towers; Methods of erecting such structures
    • E04H12/22Sockets or holders for poles or posts
    • E04H12/2253Mounting poles or posts to the holder
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04HBUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H12/00Towers; Masts or poles; Chimney stacks; Water-towers; Methods of erecting such structures
    • E04H12/34Arrangements for erecting or lowering towers, masts, poles, chimney stacks, or the like
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70Wind energy
    • Y02E10/728Onshore wind turbines

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to wind power generation systems and, more particularly, to wind-powered turbine support towers, said towers being made of structural materials, preferably concrete, according to technical techniques. of civil construction.
  • Wind power generation is based on the use of wind-driven turbines mounted on tower-top nacelles whose heights tend to be higher and higher. Interest in increasing the height of the towers stems from the fact that wind speeds increase with their distance from the ground and that the power generated by wind turbines varies with the wind speed cube. Thus, the currently used towers have heights of 100 meters or more and can be built with concrete structures, metal structures or mixed structures where the highest parts are metal structures.
  • a known technique to circumvent the aforementioned problem is the use of telescopic structures formed by generally cylindrical tower segments of progressively smaller diameters, which are successively lifted by means of devices installed on the segments themselves, such as traction jacks. , hydraulic jacks, pinion and rack assemblies and other equivalents. Given that in constructions subjected to wind, the stresses on their structures grow rapidly with height, the diameter of the tower segments decreases towards the top, from about 10 meters at the base to about 3 meters at the top.
  • WO 2013/083852 and WO 2013/083853 are representative of the known art, the first of which details a known method of mounting telescopic towers.
  • Fig. 1 of the present application based on Fig. 3 of publication WO 2013/083852, shows the set of cylindrical turret segments comprising the smallest diameter segment 2 that will be lifted to the upper position, and the concentric segments 4 , 6 and 8 of successively larger diameters, which occupy intermediate positions in the assembled tower, being segment 10 is the base of the tower, which may be cylindrical in shape or, as illustrated in the figure, comprising a frusto-conical lower portion.
  • said tower segments are formed by joining cylinder sectors which are concentrically mounted on a common base.
  • the smaller diameter inner segment is the first to be assembled, and in sequence, the other segments with successively larger diameters are assembled, with the set as shown in Fig. 1, where the tower segments 2 are assembled. , 4, 6 and 8 are on a common basis
  • Fig. 2 illustrates the general appearance of a representative tower segment, in this case the one referenced as 4 in Fig. 1, where it is observed that the cylindrical body is provided at the lower end with a thickening that forms a protruding ring 4a. The upper end is provided with another thickening 4b forming a recessed ring.
  • tower segment 2 is provided with a lower protruding ring 2a and a recessed ring 2b at the upper end;
  • turret 4 is provided with a lower protruding ring 4a and an upper recess ring 4b, and so on, with the exception of the outer turret segment 10 having only the recess upper ring 10b.
  • the tower assembly comprises the successive lifting of the tower segments by cables 17-2, 17-4, 17-6 and 17-8 whose lower ends are attached to the tower segments 2, 4, 6 and 8. Said cables are pulled respectively by the jacks 14-2, 14-4, etc., supported on the upper faces of the recessed rings 4b, 6b, etc.
  • the figures show only two cables and two jacks, it should be understood that a plurality of cables and their jacks are used, regularly distributed along the periphery of said rings.
  • Fig. 3 refers to the beginning of the operation, where the tower segment 2 is at an intermediate height, suspended by the cables 17-2 pulled by the jacks 14-2. At the conclusion of this initial step, the upper face of the recessed ring 2a contacts the lower face of the protruding ring 4b, as illustrated in the detail of Fig. 4. The joint is then solidified by means of the tie rods.
  • FIG. 5 shows an earlier stage of tower assembly where joints between segment 2 and segment 4, as well as that between segment 4 and segment 6, have been removed and the jacks have been removed. 14-2 and 14-4. As the illustration and detail illustrate, jack 14-6 is pulling cable 17 whose lower end it is affixed to the underside of the ring 6a of segment 6 which is being raised together with segments 2 and 4.
  • assembly 2-4-6 is hanging from cables 17, so the tower's verticality - and hence its stability - is closely related to the correct operation of jacks 14-6. Indeed, and as the detail of this figure shows, there is no rigid bond between ring 6a and ring 8b, since such bonding is only possible when said rings are in contact. Given the fact that during the lifting of the 2-4-6 set such rings are separated by a gap around the cables 17, said set presents a precarious balance which can be further impaired by the side wind pressure, symbolized by the horizontal arrows in Fig. 5.
  • WO 2013/083853 relates to the detailing of joints between tower segments, as illustrated in the detail of Fig. 4.
  • Fig. 6a - which reproduces Fig. 2 of WO 2013/083853 - shows in detail all the elements of said joint, namely the wall (1) of the supporting (lower) tower segment and its recessed ring (3) , the wall (2) of the supported tower segment and its protruding ring (4), the tie rod (6) which solidifies the joint providing mutual compression between said rings on the contact face (5).
  • the weight forces Vp are those resulting from the wind pressure on the tower structure and the turbine of wind power generation, which increases the risk of catastrophic rupture of one or more tower joints.
  • Another objective is to provide a mounting method that eliminates possible instabilities or imbalances during lifting of tower segments to reduce the risk of tipping during assembly.
  • Yet another objective is to provide means to avoid the risk of structural collapse at joints between overlapping tower segments.
  • each tower segment being formed by stacking a plurality of modular tubular members solidified by longitudinal prestressing means and comprising at least one cylindrical portion and at least one trunk-conical portion.
  • said first tower segment comprises a larger cylindrical lower section and an upper cylindrical section of smaller diameter than said lower section and a trunk-conical transition section between them.
  • said lower cylindrical section is supported on a base located in the ground.
  • the end of said lower cylindrical section is anchored to said base.
  • said second tower segment comprises a lower cylindrical section, an intermediate cylindrical section smaller than said lower cylindrical section, and an upper cylindrical section smaller in diameter than said intermediate cylindrical section. and two intermediate trunk-tapered transition sections between said cylindrical sections.
  • the upper end of the first tower segment is provided with a first thick ring complementary to a second thick ring provided at the lower end of the second tower segment, said first and second rings. forming a double reverse behavior node that mutually solidifies the two tower segments.
  • means are provided for absorbing the horizontal components of the non-collinear force systems present in the structure.
  • said horizontal components result from the non-collinearity of the vertical forces transmitted by the thin walls of the overlapping tower segments, since they have different diameters.
  • said absorption means of said horizontal components comprise prestressed circular reinforcements.
  • said second tower segment is provided at its upper end with a third thick ring to which is attached the nacelle of the wind generator.
  • the second tower segment at its lower end is provided with a circular slab 27 at its base, which together with the thick ring 26 form an assembly analogous to a foundation block of that tower segment. which will be solidified to the thick ring of the upper end of the first tower segment thus forming the double ring of reverse behavior of the tower.
  • the second tower segment behaves like an independent tower, founded solidly on top of the first tower segment.
  • said longitudinal bending means of said first tower segment comprises bollards anchored to said first thick ring and to anchoring means provided on the base of the tower.
  • said longitudinal tower biasing means of the second tower segment comprises bollard cables with the upper end anchored in said third thick ring and the lower anchor in said second thick ring.
  • the tower assembly method itself comprises two steps, the first consisting in the construction of the tower segments and the second in lifting the inner tower segment and its solidarity with the tower segment. external tower, interleaving between these first and second steps, the assembly operation of the nacelle and other components related to the generation of electricity.
  • the first step of the tower construction method comprises mounting a first outer tower segment and a second inner tower segment concentric to said first tower segment , each tower segment being constructed separately by successively overlapping a plurality of tubular elements and further solidifying them by longitudinal prestressing.
  • said first step of the construction method comprises the following steps:
  • the nacelle is affixed to the thick ring provided at the top of the inner turret segment.
  • said second step of the construction method comprises the following steps:
  • Lifting ropes should be tensioned from the top of the outer tower segment to serve as a guide rope for lifting and able to withstand horizontal stress from the rotation of the second inner segment.
  • means are provided for anchoring the lower end of the outer turret segment to said mounting base which is it is further provided with anchoring means of said tower segment stiffening ropes as well as anchoring means of the lower ends of the lifting ropes.
  • Figs. 1 to 6 refer to a tower known in the prior art.
  • Fig. 7 is a general elevation view of the tower object of the invention.
  • Fig. 8 details the double reverse behavior node provided at the junction between the outer (lower) and inner (upper) tower segments.
  • Fig. 9 exemplifies one of the cylindrical tubular elements forming the inner and outer tower segments, the detail of the junction between two overlapping elements illustrated in Fig. 9a.
  • Fig. 10 illustrates the relative positions of the thick ring of the lower modular element of the inner turret segment and its slab, the first stabilizing metal frame and the jacks, prior to the start of the lifting step of said segment.
  • Fig. 11 illustrates an intermediate situation during the lifting of the internal tower segment.
  • Fig. 12 is a constructive detail of the trunk-tapered transition element.
  • Fig. 13 illustrates the detail of the thick ring located at the top of the upper inner turret segment.
  • prefabricated parts 41 are assembled into cylindrical 40 or trunk-conical modular rings, with heights of the order of 3 meters and with diameters ranging from the order of one. tenth of the tower's height to about 3 to 4 meters, this dimension corresponds to the top of the tower.
  • Fig. 9A shows detail of the horizontal joint of the seams between the superimposed staves, identifying the following details:
  • the prefabricated longitudinal segments can be joined together to form the tubular tower elements in a vertical position, respecting a standard gap between the vertical faces of the adjacent prefabricated segments.
  • FIG. 9 shows the cross section and longitudinal section of the tubular tower elements, identifying the following details:
  • Fig. 7 is a simplified view of the tower of the invention, which comprises two distinct and overlapping concentric tower segments, 21 and 22, on the base of the tower 23, which must be previously constructed.
  • the two concentric tower segments will be constructed separately, one outer segment 21 and one inner segment 22, by overlapping and solidifying a plurality of tubular modular elements in each tower segment.
  • the inner turret is constructed with constant diameter sections 22a, 22b and 22c, with the sequences of cylindrical tubular members of equal diameter, and frusto-conical tubular members 22d and 22e as transition elements.
  • the outer tower segment 21 comprises two constant diameter cylindrical sections 21a and 21b, and a transition element 21c.
  • the inner turret segment 22 comprises three cylindrical sections 22a, 22b, 22c and two transition elements 22d, 22e interspersed between said cylindrical sections.
  • the prestressing cables 58 are employed, with their upper ends anchored to the thick ring 25 and the lower ends to anchor blocks 62 embedded in the base 23, such as shows Fig. 11.
  • the inner segment will be hoisted by means of steel ropes 49 anchored in the thick ring 25 of the upper end of the outer tower segment, with said ropes being pulled by equipment.
  • Figure 8 shows the constructive arrangement of the double reverse behavior node 24 which solidifies the two tower segments, noting the following details:
  • Fig. 11 further shows that, for the equilibrium stability of the inner segment 22 during its lifting, at least one stabilizing metal structure 55 is temporarily affixed to the underside of the assembly formed by the thick ring 26 structurally solidified with the slab. circular 27, said assembly being provided at the lower end of the second tower segment. Said structure 55 is previously seated on the base 23 prior to the beginning of the assembly of the inner turret segment, as shown in detail in Fig. 10.
  • Said stabilizing metal structures are provided with extendable telescopic arms provided with rollers at their ends 56 which remain supported on the inner wall of the outer turret segment.
  • the upper face of said ring 25 may be provided with the rollers 57 resting on the outer face of the inner turret segment, which, acting in addition to the rollers 56, stabilize said outer segment. -Trail during your lift.
  • Thick slab 27 from the bottom of the inner tower segment with hole 54 in its center;
  • Fig. 12 shows the constructive arrangement of the transition tubular members 21c between two cylindrical tubular members of differing diameters, indicating the circumferential prestressing cables 65 in their upper region, as well as the inner reinforcement ring 64 associated with the circumferential prestressing cables 65 in the lower region of the transition element 21c.
  • FIG. 13 shows details of the upper end of tower segment 22 being: Circumferential prestressing cables 66 of the slab 67 at the top of the tower segment 22 housed at the top of the outer face of the thick ring 59;
  • Circumferential prestressing armor 66 housed in the lower region of the thick ring 59. It is intended, together with said prestressing cables, to compensate for the horizontal component of the forces generated by the eccentricity between the point of application of the prestressing force and the wall of said tower segment 22;
  • Fig. 11 shows a partial vertical section showing the base block 23, with the implantation of bolts 63 from the wall of the tower segment base tubular element. as well as the schematic arrangement of the assembly for anchoring the prestressing cables 58 of this tower segment.
  • Such an arrangement makes it possible to meet the need to replace such prestressing cables after years of tower life. Note that these cables will be shielded with force equipment placed over the thick ring 25 on top of the outer tower segment 21.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Wind Motors (AREA)
  • Conveying And Assembling Of Building Elements In Situ (AREA)

Abstract

A structural concrete tower and assembly method, said tower comprising the superpositioning of a first (21) and a second (22) tower segment, each tower segment being formed by stacking a plurality of tubular elements (40) secured by longitudinal prestressing means and comprising at least one cylindrical portion (21a, 21b, 22a, 22b, 22c) and at least one frustoconical portion (21c, 22d, 22e). The tower assembly method comprises two steps, the first consisting in the construction of the two tower segments and the second in the raising of the internal tower segment (22), which is supported by the external tower segment (21), followed by the securing thereof to the latter by means of a reverse-behaviour double node (24), with the inclusion between said first and second steps of the mounting of the nacelle (61) and other components relating to the generation of electricity. During the raising of the internal tower segment (22), the latter is stabilized by means of rollers (56) associated with stabilizing metal structures (55) temporarily affixed to the base of said internal tower segment, acting in a complementary manner to rollers (57) installed in the top of the external tower segment (21).

Description

TORRE DE CONCRETO ESTRUTURAL E MÉTODO DE MONTAGEM  STRUCTURAL CONCRETE TOWER AND ASSEMBLY METHOD

Campo de Aplicação Application field

[001] Refere-se a presente invenção aos sistemas de geração eólica de energia elétrica e, mais particularmente, às torres de sustentação de turbinas movidas pela ação do vento, ditas torres sendo fabricadas em materiais estruturais, preferencialmente o concreto, de acordo com técnicas de construção civil.  [001] The present invention relates to wind power generation systems and, more particularly, to wind-powered turbine support towers, said towers being made of structural materials, preferably concrete, according to technical techniques. of civil construction.

Estado da Técnica State of the Art

[002] A geração eólica de energia elétrica é baseada no emprego de turbinas movidas pela ação do vento, montadas em naceles instaladas no topo de torres, cujas alturas tendem a ser cada vez mais altas. O interesse pelo aumento da altura das torres decorre do fato de que a velocidade do vento aumenta com a sua distância do solo e que a potência gerada pelas turbinas eólicas varia com o cubo da velocidade do vento. Assim, as torres atualmente utilizadas tem alturas de 100 metros ou mais, podendo ser construídas com estruturas de concreto, com estruturas metálicas ou estruturas mistas em que as partes mais elevadas são estruturas metálicas.  [002] Wind power generation is based on the use of wind-driven turbines mounted on tower-top nacelles whose heights tend to be higher and higher. Interest in increasing the height of the towers stems from the fact that wind speeds increase with their distance from the ground and that the power generated by wind turbines varies with the wind speed cube. Thus, the currently used towers have heights of 100 meters or more and can be built with concrete structures, metal structures or mixed structures where the highest parts are metal structures.

[003] Um fator que limita a altura das torres é o fato de que as técnicas conhecidas se baseiam na utilização de guindastes de grande porte e com grande capacidade de carga, com alturas superiores à própria altura da torre a ser construída, guindastes esses que inviabilizam economicamente o aumento da altura das torres, principalmente aquelas de concreto.  [003] One factor that limits the height of the towers is the fact that the known techniques are based on the use of large and high-capacity cranes with heights higher than the tower height to be built, which cranes economically make it impossible to increase the height of the towers, especially those of concrete.

[004] Uma técnica conhecida para contornar o problema acima mencionado consiste no emprego de estruturas telescópicas, formadas por segmentos de torre, geralmente cilíndricos e de diâmetros progressivamente menores, que são içados sucessivamente através de dispositivos instalados nos próprios segmentos, tais como macacos de tração, macacos hidráulicos, conjuntos de pinhão e cremalheira e outros equivalentes. Dado o fato de que, nas construções sujeitas à ação do vento, os esforços em suas estruturas crescem rapidamente com a altura, o diâmetro dos segmentos-de-torre vai se reduzindo em direção ao topo, passando de cerca de 10 metros na base para cerca de 3 metros no topo. A known technique to circumvent the aforementioned problem is the use of telescopic structures formed by generally cylindrical tower segments of progressively smaller diameters, which are successively lifted by means of devices installed on the segments themselves, such as traction jacks. , hydraulic jacks, pinion and rack assemblies and other equivalents. Given that in constructions subjected to wind, the stresses on their structures grow rapidly with height, the diameter of the tower segments decreases towards the top, from about 10 meters at the base to about 3 meters at the top.

[005] Os documentos de patente WO 2013/083852 e WO 2013/083853 são representativos da técnica conhecida, a primeira das quais detalha um método conhecido de montagem de torres telescópicas. A Fig. l do presente pedido, baseada na Fig. 3 da publicação WO 2013/083852, mostra o conjunto de segmentos-de-torre cilíndricos compreendendo o segmento de menor diâmetro 2 que será içado para a posição superior, e os segmentos concêntricos 4, 6 e 8 de diâmetros sucessivamente maiores, que ocupam posições intermediárias na torre montada, sendo o segmento 10 a base da torre, que poderá ter formato cilíndrico ou, como ilustrado na figura, compreendendo uma porção inferior tronco-cônica. WO 2013/083852 and WO 2013/083853 are representative of the known art, the first of which details a known method of mounting telescopic towers. Fig. 1 of the present application, based on Fig. 3 of publication WO 2013/083852, shows the set of cylindrical turret segments comprising the smallest diameter segment 2 that will be lifted to the upper position, and the concentric segments 4 , 6 and 8 of successively larger diameters, which occupy intermediate positions in the assembled tower, being segment 10 is the base of the tower, which may be cylindrical in shape or, as illustrated in the figure, comprising a frusto-conical lower portion.

[006] De acordo com a técnica conhecida, descrita no pedido de patente US 2012/0159875, intitulado Telescópio Tower Assembly and Method, os referidos segmentos de torre são formados pela união de setores de cilindros que são montados concentricamente sobre uma base comum. O segmento interno, de menor diâmetro, é o primeiro a ser montado, e, na sequência, são montados os demais segmentos com diâmetros sucessivamente maiores, ficando o conjunto com o aspecto mostrado na já citada Fig. 1, onde os segmentos de torre 2, 4, 6 e 8 ficam sobre uma base comum According to the known technique described in US Patent Application No. 2012/0159875, entitled Tower Assembly and Method Telescope, said tower segments are formed by joining cylinder sectors which are concentrically mounted on a common base. The smaller diameter inner segment is the first to be assembled, and in sequence, the other segments with successively larger diameters are assembled, with the set as shown in Fig. 1, where the tower segments 2 are assembled. , 4, 6 and 8 are on a common basis

15, a qual está associada ao segmento-de-torre externo 10. Apesar dessa figura mostrar dita base em posição elevada, os referidos segmentos-de-torre poderão estar apoiados numa base de concreto moldada no solo. 15, which is associated with the outer tower segment 10. Although this figure shows said base in an elevated position, said tower segments may be supported by a ground molded concrete base.

[007] A Fig. 2 ilustra o aspecto geral de um segmento-de-torre representativo, no caso, aquele referenciado como 4 na Fig. 1, onde se observa que o corpo cilíndrico está provido, na extremidade inferior, de um espessamento que forma um anel saliente 4a. A extremidade superior é provida de outro espessamento 4b formando um anel reentrante. Desse modo, e segundo mostra a Fig. 3, o segmento-de-torre 2 está provido de um anel saliente 2a inferior e um anel reentrante 2b na extremidade superior; o segmento-de-torre 4 está provido de um anel saliente 4a inferior e um anel reentrante 4b superior, e assim por diante, excetuando-se o segmento-de-torre externo 10, que possui apenas o anel superior reentrante 10b.  Fig. 2 illustrates the general appearance of a representative tower segment, in this case the one referenced as 4 in Fig. 1, where it is observed that the cylindrical body is provided at the lower end with a thickening that forms a protruding ring 4a. The upper end is provided with another thickening 4b forming a recessed ring. Thus, and as shown in Fig. 3, tower segment 2 is provided with a lower protruding ring 2a and a recessed ring 2b at the upper end; turret 4 is provided with a lower protruding ring 4a and an upper recess ring 4b, and so on, with the exception of the outer turret segment 10 having only the recess upper ring 10b.

[008] A montagem da torre compreende o içamento sucessivo dos segmentos de torre, mediante cabos 17-2, 17-4, 17-6 e 17-8 cujas extremidades inferiores estão afixadas aos segmentos de torre 2, 4, 6 e 8. Ditos cabos são tracionados, respectivamente, pelos macacos 14- 2, 14-4, etc, apoiados sobre as faces superiores dos anéis reentrantes 4b, 6b, etc. Apesar das figuras mostrarem apenas dois cabos e dois macacos, deve ser entendido que são utilizados uma pluralidade de cabos e respectivos macacos, regularmente distribuídos ao longo da periferia dos referidos anéis. The tower assembly comprises the successive lifting of the tower segments by cables 17-2, 17-4, 17-6 and 17-8 whose lower ends are attached to the tower segments 2, 4, 6 and 8. Said cables are pulled respectively by the jacks 14-2, 14-4, etc., supported on the upper faces of the recessed rings 4b, 6b, etc. Although the figures show only two cables and two jacks, it should be understood that a plurality of cables and their jacks are used, regularly distributed along the periphery of said rings.

[009] A Fig. 3 refere-se ao início da operação, onde o segmento-de-torre 2 encontra-se numa altura intermediária, suspenso pelos cabos 17-2 tracionados pelos macacos 14-2. Ao concluir-se esse passo inicial, a face superior do anel reentrante 2a fica em contato a face inferior do anel saliente 4b, segundo ilustra o detalhe da Fig. 4. Ajunta é então solidarizada por meio dos tirantes Fig. 3 refers to the beginning of the operation, where the tower segment 2 is at an intermediate height, suspended by the cables 17-2 pulled by the jacks 14-2. At the conclusion of this initial step, the upper face of the recessed ring 2a contacts the lower face of the protruding ring 4b, as illustrated in the detail of Fig. 4. The joint is then solidified by means of the tie rods.

16, de modo a assegurar o comportamento monolítico dos segmentos de torre 2 e 4. 16 to ensure the monolithic behavior of tower segments 2 and 4.

[010] A Fig. 5 mostra um estágio mais adiantado da montagem da torre, em que se encontram solidarizadas as juntas entre o segmento 2 e o segmento 4, bem como aquela entre o segmento 4 e o segmento 6, tendo sido retirados os macacos 14-2 e 14-4. Segundo ilustra a figura e respectivo detalhe, o macaco 14-6 está tracionando o cabo 17 cuja extremidade inferior está afixada à face inferior do anel 6a do segmento 6, o qual está sendo levantado juntamente com os segmentos 2 e 4. [010] Fig. 5 shows an earlier stage of tower assembly where joints between segment 2 and segment 4, as well as that between segment 4 and segment 6, have been removed and the jacks have been removed. 14-2 and 14-4. As the illustration and detail illustrate, jack 14-6 is pulling cable 17 whose lower end it is affixed to the underside of the ring 6a of segment 6 which is being raised together with segments 2 and 4.

[011] Nessa situação, o conjunto 2-4-6 está pendente dos cabos 17, sendo portanto a verticalidade da torre - e, consequentemente, a sua estabilidade - estritamente relacionada com a correta operação dos macacos 14-6. Com efeito, e segundo mostra o detalhe dessa figura, não existe uma vinculação rígida entre o anel 6a e o anel 8b, posto que tal vinculação somente é possível quando ditos anéis estiverem em contato. Dado o fato de que, durante o içamento do conjunto 2-4-6 tais anéis estão separados por um vão no entorno dos cabos 17, dito conjunto apresenta um equilíbrio precário que pode ser, ainda, prejudicado pela pressão lateral do vento, simbolizada pelas setas horizontais na Fig. 5.  [011] In this situation, assembly 2-4-6 is hanging from cables 17, so the tower's verticality - and hence its stability - is closely related to the correct operation of jacks 14-6. Indeed, and as the detail of this figure shows, there is no rigid bond between ring 6a and ring 8b, since such bonding is only possible when said rings are in contact. Given the fact that during the lifting of the 2-4-6 set such rings are separated by a gap around the cables 17, said set presents a precarious balance which can be further impaired by the side wind pressure, symbolized by the horizontal arrows in Fig. 5.

[012] Ademais, a prática de campo tem demonstrado que nas torres constituídas pelo empilhamento de grande número de segmentos, como é o caso das anterioridades acima referenciadas, a montagem das mesmas demanda um tempo relativamente longo, em função das numerosas operações que devem ser executadas pela equipe de montagem.  [012] Moreover, field practice has shown that in the towers constituted by the stacking of a large number of segments, as is the case of the above referenced anteriorities, their assembly takes a relatively long time, due to the numerous operations that must be performed. performed by the assembly team.

[013] O documento de patente WO 2013/083853 se refere ao detalhamento das juntas entre segmentos de torre, tal como aquele ilustrado no detalhe da Fig.4. A Fig. 6a - que reproduz a Fig. 2 do documento WO 2013/083853 - mostra detalhadamente todos os elementos da referida junta, a saber, a parede (1) do segmento de torre portante (inferior) e respectivo anel reentrante (3), a parede (2) do segmento de torre suportado e respectivo anel saliente (4), o tirante (6) que solidariza ajunta provendo a compressão mútua entre os referidos anéis na face de contato (5). WO 2013/083853 relates to the detailing of joints between tower segments, as illustrated in the detail of Fig. 4. Fig. 6a - which reproduces Fig. 2 of WO 2013/083853 - shows in detail all the elements of said joint, namely the wall (1) of the supporting (lower) tower segment and its recessed ring (3) , the wall (2) of the supported tower segment and its protruding ring (4), the tie rod (6) which solidifies the joint providing mutual compression between said rings on the contact face (5).

[014] A Fig. 6b mostra os principais elementos da junta ilustrada na figura anterior, bem como as principais forças que agem nessa junta, a saber a força vertical Vp transmitida pela parede delgada do segmento de torre superior, correspondente ao peso da porção da torre situada acima da junta (no caso, o segmento 2) e a força vertical Vr correspondente à reação do apoio, que é transmitida pela parede delgada do segmento de torre portante 4. Devido ao fato de os segmentos de torre terem diâmetros diferentes, as referidas forças não são colineares, o que dá origem a um binário de momento com o valor aproximado M = Vp x d, associado às componentes horizontais H. Fig. 6b shows the main elements of the joint illustrated in the previous figure, as well as the main forces acting on that joint, namely the vertical force Vp transmitted by the thin wall of the upper tower segment, corresponding to the weight of the portion of the joint. above the joint (in this case, segment 2) and the vertical force Vr corresponding to the reaction of the bearing, which is transmitted by the thin wall of the supporting tower segment 4. Due to the fact that the tower segments have different diameters, the These forces are not collinear, which gives rise to a momentary torque with the approximate value M = Vp xd, associated with the horizontal components H.

[015] O referido momento M não pode ser compensado pela estrutura, posto que as paredes delgadas dos segmentos 2 e 4 somente podem transmitir esforços verticais. Resulta, portanto, que as componentes horizontais H agem no sentido de provocar a ruptura das paredes de um ou de ambos os segmentos de torre, como ilustrado na Fig. 6c.  [015] Said moment M cannot be compensated for by the structure, since the thin walls of segments 2 and 4 can only transmit vertical forces. It follows, therefore, that the horizontal components H act to cause the walls of one or both tower segments to rupture, as illustrated in Fig. 6c.

[016] Deve-se notar ainda que, na torre montada e em operação, somam-se às forças-peso Vp, aquelas decorrentes da pressão do vento sobre a estrutura da torre e sobre a turbina de geração de energia eólica, o que aumenta o risco de ruptura catastrófica de uma ou mais juntas da torre. [016] It should also be noted that in the assembled and in operation tower, the weight forces Vp are those resulting from the wind pressure on the tower structure and the turbine of wind power generation, which increases the risk of catastrophic rupture of one or more tower joints.

Objetivos da Invenção Objectives of the Invention

[017] Em vista do exposto, é um objetivo da invenção o provimento de uma torre cujo tempo de montagem no campo possa ser significativamente reduzido em comparação com aquele demandado pelas torres do estado da técnica.  In view of the foregoing, it is an object of the invention to provide a tower whose field mounting time can be significantly reduced compared to that required by the state of the art towers.

[018] Constitui outro objetivo o provimento de um método de montagem que elimine as possíveis instabilidades ou desequilíbrios durante o içamento dos segmentos de torre, de modo a reduzir o risco de tombamento no decorrer da montagem.  [018] Another objective is to provide a mounting method that eliminates possible instabilities or imbalances during lifting of tower segments to reduce the risk of tipping during assembly.

[019] Constitui ainda outro objetivo, o provimento de meios que evitem o risco de colapso estrutural nas juntas entre segmentos de torre superpostos. [019] Yet another objective is to provide means to avoid the risk of structural collapse at joints between overlapping tower segments.

Descrição Resumida de Invenção Brief Description of the Invention

[020] Os objetivos acima, bem como outros, são atingidos pela invenção mediante o provimento de uma torre formada pela sobreposição de um primeiro e um segundo segmentos- de-torre, cada segmento-de-torre sendo formado pelo empilhamento de uma pluralidade de elementos tubulares modulares solidarizados por meios de protensão longitudinal e compreendendo pelo menos um trecho cilíndrico e pelo menos um trecho tronco-cônico.  [020] The above as well as other objectives are achieved by the invention by providing a tower formed by overlapping a first and a second tower segment, each tower segment being formed by stacking a plurality of modular tubular members solidified by longitudinal prestressing means and comprising at least one cylindrical portion and at least one trunk-conical portion.

[021] De acordo com outra característica da invenção, dito primeiro segmento-de-torre compreende um trecho cilíndrico inferior de maior diâmetro e um trecho cilíndrico superior de diâmetro menor do que dito trecho inferior e um trecho de transição tronco-cônico entre ambos. According to another feature of the invention, said first tower segment comprises a larger cylindrical lower section and an upper cylindrical section of smaller diameter than said lower section and a trunk-conical transition section between them.

[022] De acordo com outra característica da invenção, dito trecho cilíndrico inferior está apoiado sobre uma base situada no solo. According to another feature of the invention, said lower cylindrical section is supported on a base located in the ground.

[023] De acordo com outra característica da invenção, a extremidade de dito trecho cilíndrico inferior está ancorada na dita base.  According to another feature of the invention, the end of said lower cylindrical section is anchored to said base.

[024] De acordo com outra característica da invenção, dito segundo segmento-de-torre compreende um trecho cilíndrico inferior, um trecho cilíndrico intermediário de menor diâmetro que dito trecho cilíndrico inferior e um trecho cilíndrico superior com diâmetro menor do que dito trecho cilíndrico intermediário e dois trechos de transição tronco-cônicos intermediários entre ditos trechos cilíndricos. According to another feature of the invention, said second tower segment comprises a lower cylindrical section, an intermediate cylindrical section smaller than said lower cylindrical section, and an upper cylindrical section smaller in diameter than said intermediate cylindrical section. and two intermediate trunk-tapered transition sections between said cylindrical sections.

[025] De acordo com outra característica da invenção a extremidade superior do primeiro segmento-de-torre é provida de um primeiro anel espesso complementar a um segundo anel espesso provido na extremidade inferior do segundo segmento-de-torre, ditos primeiro e segundo anéis formando um nó duplo de comportamento reverso que solidariza mutuamente os dois segmentos de torre. [026] De acordo com outra característica da invenção, são providos meios de absorção das componentes horizontais dos sistemas de forças não colineares presentes na estrutura. According to another feature of the invention the upper end of the first tower segment is provided with a first thick ring complementary to a second thick ring provided at the lower end of the second tower segment, said first and second rings. forming a double reverse behavior node that mutually solidifies the two tower segments. According to another feature of the invention, means are provided for absorbing the horizontal components of the non-collinear force systems present in the structure.

[027] No caso do dito nó duplo de comportamento reverso, ditas componentes horizontais resultam da não colinearidade dos esforços verticais transmitidos pelas paredes delgadas dos segmentos de torre superpostos, uma vez que estes possuem diâmetros diferentes. In the case of said reverse behavior double node, said horizontal components result from the non-collinearity of the vertical forces transmitted by the thin walls of the overlapping tower segments, since they have different diameters.

[028] No caso dos trechos de transição tronco-cônicos, ditas componentes horizontais resultam do fato dos esforços serem transmitidos ao longo das paredes inclinadas que formam ditos trechos de transição. [028] In the case of trunk-tapered transition sections, said horizontal components result from the fact that the forces are transmitted along the sloping walls that form said transition sections.

[029] De acordo com outra característica da invenção, ditos meios de absorção de ditas componentes horizontais compreendem armaduras circulares protendidas. According to another feature of the invention, said absorption means of said horizontal components comprise prestressed circular reinforcements.

[030] De acordo com outra característica da invenção, dito segundo segmento-de-torre é provido em sua extremidade superior de um terceiro anel espesso ao qual está fixada a nacele do gerador eólico. According to another feature of the invention, said second tower segment is provided at its upper end with a third thick ring to which is attached the nacelle of the wind generator.

[031] De acordo com outra característica da invenção, o segundo segmento de torre em sua extremidade inferior está provido de uma laje circular 27 em sua base, que juntamente com o anel espesso 26 formam um conjunto análogo a um bloco fundação desse segmento de torre que será solidarizado ao anel espesso da extremidade superior do primeiro segmento de torre formando assim o anel duplo de comportamento reverso da torre. According to another feature of the invention, the second tower segment at its lower end is provided with a circular slab 27 at its base, which together with the thick ring 26 form an assembly analogous to a foundation block of that tower segment. which will be solidified to the thick ring of the upper end of the first tower segment thus forming the double ring of reverse behavior of the tower.

[032] De acordo com essas característica, o segundo segmento de torre comporta-se como uma torre independente, fundada solidariamente no topo do primeiro segmento de torre. According to these features, the second tower segment behaves like an independent tower, founded solidly on top of the first tower segment.

[033] De acordo com outra característica da invenção, ditos meios de protensão longitudinal de dito primeiro segmento-de-torre compreendem cabos de protensão ancorados no dito primeiro anel espesso e em meios de ancoragem providos na base da torre. According to another feature of the invention, said longitudinal bending means of said first tower segment comprises bollards anchored to said first thick ring and to anchoring means provided on the base of the tower.

[034] De acordo com outra característica da invenção, ditos meios de protensão longitudinal do segundo segmento-de-torre compreendem cabos de protensão com a extremidade superior ancorada no dito terceiro anel espesso e a inferior ancorada no dito segundo anel espesso. According to another feature of the invention, said longitudinal tower biasing means of the second tower segment comprises bollard cables with the upper end anchored in said third thick ring and the lower anchor in said second thick ring.

[035] De acordo com outra característica da invenção, o método de montagem da torre propriamente dita compreende duas etapas, a primeira consistindo na construção dos segmentos de torre e a segunda no içamento do segmento-de-torre interno e sua solidarização ao segmento- de-torre externo, intercalando-se, entre ditas primeira e segunda etapas, a operação de montagem da nacele e de outros componentes relacionados com a geração de energia elétrica. According to another feature of the invention, the tower assembly method itself comprises two steps, the first consisting in the construction of the tower segments and the second in lifting the inner tower segment and its solidarity with the tower segment. external tower, interleaving between these first and second steps, the assembly operation of the nacelle and other components related to the generation of electricity.

[036] De acordo com outra característica da invenção, a primeira etapa do método de construção da torre compreende a montagem de um primeiro segmento-de-torre externo e de um segundo segmento-de-torre interno, concêntrico a dito primeiro segmento de torre, cada segmento-de-torre sendo construído separadamente mediante a sobreposição sucessiva de uma pluralidade de elementos tubulares e posterior solidarização dos mesmos por protensão longitudinal. [036] According to another feature of the invention, the first step of the tower construction method comprises mounting a first outer tower segment and a second inner tower segment concentric to said first tower segment , each tower segment being constructed separately by successively overlapping a plurality of tubular elements and further solidifying them by longitudinal prestressing.

[037] De acordo com outra característica da invenção, dita primeira etapa do método de construção compreende os seguintes passos:  According to another feature of the invention, said first step of the construction method comprises the following steps:

• Implantar sobre o solo uma base de montagem em concreto com diâmetro maior do que aquele do segmento de torre inferior;  • Deploy a concrete mounting base on the ground with a diameter larger than that of the lower tower segment;

• Apoiar sobre o centro da base uma primeira estrutura metálica estabilizadora, cuja altura é, preferencialmente, maior do que aquela dos elementos tubulares que formam os segmentos-de-torre;  • Support on the center of the base a first stabilizing metal structure, whose height is preferably greater than that of the tubular elements that form the tower segments;

• Sobrepor à dita base o elemento tubular inferior do primeiro segmento-de-torre, previamente montado, no canteiro, pela união de segmentos cilíndricos pré- fabricados;  • Overlapping said base the lower tubular element of the first tower segment, previously assembled in the construction site, by the union of prefabricated cylindrical segments;

• Sobrepor à dita estrutura metálica estabilizadora o elemento tubular inferior do segundo segmento-de-torre, previamente montado, no canteiro, pela união de segmentos cilíndricos pré-fabricados;  • Overlaying said stabilizing metal structure the lower tubular element of the second tower segment, previously mounted on the construction site by the union of prefabricated cylindrical segments;

• Sobrepor ao elemento tubular inferior do segmento-de-torre externo o elemento tubular imediatamente acima deste;  • Overlap the lower tubular element of the outer tower segment with the tubular element immediately above it;

• Sobrepor ao elemento tubular inferior do segmento-de-torre interno o elemento tubular imediatamente acima deste;  • Overlap the lower tubular element of the inner tower segment with the tubular element immediately above it;

• Continuar a sobreposição dos elementos que formam os ditos segmentos-de-torre, de forma alternada entre o externo e o interno, mantendo sempre o topo do segmento-de-torre interno acima do topo do externo;  • Continue overlapping the elements that form said tower segments, alternating between the outer and inner, always keeping the top of the inner tower segment above the top of the outer;

• Executar juntas secas entre os elementos tubulares, sendo os eventuais desníveis de até 5 mm, corrigidos por uma camada de argamassa de cimento; • Carry out dry joints between the tubular elements, and any unevenness of up to 5 mm, corrected by a layer of cement mortar;

• Após o término do empilhamento de todos os elementos tubulares, efetuar a solidarização destes mediante protensão de cabos dispostos longitudinalmente no interior de cada segmento-de-torre; a solidarização dos elementos que constituem o segmento-de-torre interno é provida por um cabo ancorado nas extremidades superior e inferior desse segmento-de-torre; a solidarização dos elementos que constituem o segmento-de-torre externo é provida por um cabo ancorado na extremidade superior desse segmento-de-torre externo e na dita base de montagem. [038] De acordo com outra característica da invenção, após a referida protensão, a nacele é afixada ao anel espesso provido no topo do segmento-de-torre interno. • After the stacking of all tubular elements has been completed, they must be solidified by securing cables arranged longitudinally within each tower segment; solidification of the elements constituting the inner tower segment is provided by a cable anchored at the upper and lower ends of that tower segment; Solidarity of the elements constituting the external tower segment is provided by a cable anchored to the upper end of this external tower segment and said mounting base. According to another feature of the invention, after said prestressing, the nacelle is affixed to the thick ring provided at the top of the inner turret segment.

[039] De acordo com outra característica da invenção, dita segunda etapa do método de construção compreende os seguintes passos:  According to another feature of the invention, said second step of the construction method comprises the following steps:

• Justapor equipamentos de tração (macacos) à dita face inferior do anel espesso da extremidade inferior do segmento-de-torre interno;  • Juxtapose traction equipment (jacks) to said lower face of the thick ring of the lower end of the inner turret segment;

• Ancorar a extremidade superior dos cabos de içamento no anel espesso provido na extremidade superior do segmento-de-torre externo, passar os cabos de içamento através dos equipamentos de suspensão (macacos) e fixar esses cabos à fundação da torre;  • Anchor the upper end of the hoisting ropes to the thick ring provided at the upper end of the outer tower segment, pass the hoisting ropes through the suspension equipment (jacks) and attach these ropes to the tower foundation;

• Os cabos de içamento devem ser tensionados a partir do topo do segmento de torre externo a fim de servir de cabo guia para o içamento sendo capaz de resistir a esforços horizontais, proveniente da rotação do segundo segmento interno. • Lifting ropes should be tensioned from the top of the outer tower segment to serve as a guide rope for lifting and able to withstand horizontal stress from the rotation of the second inner segment.

• Acionar os equipamentos de suspensão, ao longo dos cabos guias de içamento, elevando assim o segmento interno de torre juntamente com estrutura metálica de equilíbrio. • Drive the suspension equipment along the lifting guide ropes, thus raising the inner tower segment along with the balancing metal frame.

• Tracionar ditos cabos por meio de ditos macacos, içando o segmento de torre interno e a estrutura metálica estabilizadora afixada a dito anel espesso;  Towing said cables by means of said jacks, lifting the inner tower segment and the stabilizing metal structure affixed to said thick ring;

• Alongar as hastes telescópicas que se estendem a partir de dita estrutura metálica estabilizadora até estabelecer o contato de roletes providos nas suas extremidades com a parede interna do dito segmento-de-torre externo, de modo a manter centralizado o segmento-de-torre interno durante seu deslocamento para cima; • Extending the telescopic rods extending from said stabilizing metal structure until contacting the rollers provided at their ends with the inner wall of said outer tower segment, so as to keep the inner tower segment centered. during its upward shift;

• Após o içamento parcial de dito segmento-de-torre, afixar à base de dita estrutura metálica estabilizadora uma segunda estrutura, alongando as respetivas hastes telescópicas estabelecendo o contato dos respectivos roletes cm a parede interna do segmento-de-torre externo; • After partially lifting said tower segment, affix to the base of said stabilizing metal structure a second structure, extending the respective telescopic rods making the contact of the respective rollers with the inner wall of the external tower segment;

• Prosseguir com o içamento até o término do percurso ascendente do segmento-de- torre interno quando o segundo anel espesso na sua extremidade inferior encaixe complementarmente no primeiro anel espesso da extremidade superior do segmento-de-torre externo;  • Proceed with lifting to the end of the upward travel of the inner turret when the second thick ring at its lower end fits complementary to the first thick ring at the upper end of the outer turret;

• Efetuar a consolidação do nó duplo de comportamento reverso formado pelos ditos anéis espessos.  • Consolidate the double-knot reverse behavior formed by said thick rings.

[040] De acordo com outra característica da invenção, são providos meios de chumbamento da extremidade inferior do segmento-de-torre externo na dita base de montagem, a qual está ainda provida de meios de ancoragem dos cabos de protensão de dito segmento-de-torre bem como de meios de ancoragem das extremidades inferiores dos cabos de içamento. According to another feature of the invention, means are provided for anchoring the lower end of the outer turret segment to said mounting base which is it is further provided with anchoring means of said tower segment stiffening ropes as well as anchoring means of the lower ends of the lifting ropes.

Descrição das Figuras Description of the Figures

[041] As demais características e vantagens da invenção tornar-se-ão mais evidentes mediante a descrição de uma concretização preferida e da figuras que a ela se referem, nas quais:  The further features and advantages of the invention will become more apparent from the description of a preferred embodiment and the related figures in which:

[042] As Figs. 1 a 6 se referem a uma torre conhecida do estado da técnica. [042] Figs. 1 to 6 refer to a tower known in the prior art.

[043] A Fig. 7 é uma vista geral em elevação da torre objeto da invenção. Fig. 7 is a general elevation view of the tower object of the invention.

[044] A Fig. 8 detalha o nó duplo de comportamento reverso provido na junção entre os segmentos-de-torre externo (inferior) e interno (superior). Fig. 8 details the double reverse behavior node provided at the junction between the outer (lower) and inner (upper) tower segments.

[045] A Fig. 9 exemplifica um dos elementos tubulares cilíndricos que formam os segmentos-de-torre interno e externo, sendo o detalhe da junção entre dois elementos superpostos ilustrado na Fig. 9a. Fig. 9 exemplifies one of the cylindrical tubular elements forming the inner and outer tower segments, the detail of the junction between two overlapping elements illustrated in Fig. 9a.

[046] A Fig. 10 ilustra as posições relativas do anel espesso do elemento modular inferior do segmento-de-torre interno e da respectiva laje, da primeira estrutura metálica estabilizadora e dos macacos, antes do início do passo de içamento do dito segmento-de-torre.  Fig. 10 illustrates the relative positions of the thick ring of the lower modular element of the inner turret segment and its slab, the first stabilizing metal frame and the jacks, prior to the start of the lifting step of said segment. Tower

[047] A Fig. 11 ilustra uma situação intermediária durante o içamento do segmento-de-torre interno.  [047] Fig. 11 illustrates an intermediate situation during the lifting of the internal tower segment.

[048] A Fig. 12 é um detalhe construtivo do elemento de transição tronco-cônico.  [048] Fig. 12 is a constructive detail of the trunk-tapered transition element.

[049] A Fig. 13 ilustra o detalhe do anel espesso situado no topo do segmento-de-torre interno superior. [13] Fig. 13 illustrates the detail of the thick ring located at the top of the upper inner turret segment.

Descrição Detalhada Detailed Description

[050] Os métodos de construção das torres de sistemas de geração eólica de energia elétrica, tanto as de aço como as de concreto estrutural, compreendem sempre as mesmas seguintes etapas: construção de segmentos-de-torre ao nível da base, içamento desses segmentos colocando-os em posições sobrepostas, e solidarização da união desses segmentos em suas posições finais.  [050] The methods of building the towers of wind power generation systems, both steel and structural concrete, always consist of the following steps: construction of tower segments at base level, hoisting of these segments. placing them in overlapping positions, and solidarity of the union of these segments in their final positions.

[051] Como as torres eólicas estão usualmente localizadas em sítios isolados, as torres de concreto são construídas com partes de concreto protendido, pré-fabricadas em instalações industriais existentes na região de realização da obra, não existindo viabilidade económica na construção de torres de concreto moldadas no local da obra. Essas partes pré-fabricadas são transportadas para a obra por meio de transporte rodoviário em virtude das particularidades desse tipo de construção. As dimensões das peças pré-fabricadas são limitadas pelas dimensões dos veículos rodoviários de transporte. Em princípio, no transporte rodoviário, sem batedores, a maior largura permitida para o veículo de transporte é de aproximadamente 3 metros. [052] Segundo exemplificado na Fig. 9, no local de construção da torre, as peças pré- fabricadas 41 são reunidas em anéis modulares cilíndricos 40 ou tronco-cônicos, com alturas da ordem de 3 metros e com diâmetros variando da ordem de um décimo da altura da torre até cerca de 3 a 4 metros, dimensão esta correspondendo ao topo da torre. [051] Since wind towers are usually located in isolated locations, concrete towers are constructed with prestressed concrete parts, prefabricated in existing industrial facilities in the region where the work was carried out, with no economic viability in the construction of concrete towers. molded on site. These prefabricated parts are transported to the site by road transport due to the particularities of this type of construction. The dimensions of prefabricated parts are limited by the size of road transport vehicles. In principle, in road transport without beaters, the largest allowable width for the transport vehicle is approximately 3 meters. [052] As exemplified in Fig. 9, at the tower construction site, prefabricated parts 41 are assembled into cylindrical 40 or trunk-conical modular rings, with heights of the order of 3 meters and with diameters ranging from the order of one. tenth of the tower's height to about 3 to 4 meters, this dimension corresponds to the top of the tower.

[053] A Fig. 9A mostra detalhe da junta horizontal das emendas entre as aduelas superpostas, identificando os seguintes detalhes:  [053] Fig. 9A shows detail of the horizontal joint of the seams between the superimposed staves, identifying the following details:

• Barra vertical 45 no furo 46 e grauteada com nata de cimento após protensão vertical. • Vertical bar 45 in hole 46 and grouted with cement cream after vertical prestressing.

• Tela 46a nas faces de contato superior e inferior para evitar o seu fendilhamento. • Screen 46a on top and bottom contact faces to prevent cracking.

[054] No canteiro de obra, a união dos segmentos longitudinais pré-fabricados para a formação dos elementos tubulares de torre é feita em posição vertical, respeitando-se uma folga padronizada entre as faces verticais dos segmentos pré-fabricados adjacentes. [054] At the construction site, the prefabricated longitudinal segments can be joined together to form the tubular tower elements in a vertical position, respecting a standard gap between the vertical faces of the adjacent prefabricated segments.

[055] A Fig. 9 mostra a seção transversal e a seção longitudinal dos elementos tubulares de torre, identificando os seguintes detalhes:  [055] Fig. 9 shows the cross section and longitudinal section of the tubular tower elements, identifying the following details:

• peça pré-fabricada de concreto armado 41 que forma um segmento longitudinal; • prefabricated reinforced concrete part 41 forming a longitudinal segment;

• folga 42 entre as faces verticais dos segmentos longitudinais adjacentes;• clearance 42 between the vertical faces of adjacent longitudinal segments;

• enlaçamento com sobreposição das extremidades salientes 43 das armaduras horizontais dos segmentos longitudinais adjacentes; • overlapping bonding of protruding ends 43 of horizontal reinforcements of adjacent longitudinal segments;

• furos verticais nos dois topos de cada elemento tubular de torre para a colocação de barras de aço 45 com a função de guia durante a operação de sobreposição de elementos tubulares de torre;  • vertical holes in the two tops of each tubular tower member for laying steel bars 45 with the guide function during the overlapping tower tubular member operation;

• barras de aço verticais 44 colocadas no entrelaçamento das armaduras horizontais de segmentos longitudinais adjacentes;  • vertical steel bars 44 placed in the interweaving of horizontal reinforcement of adjacent longitudinal segments;

• orifício 46 na face externa do elemento tubular de torre ligado ao furo vertical, para grauteamento das barras de guia no fim da operação de sobreposição.  • hole 46 in the outer face of the tubular tower element connected to the vertical hole for grouting the guide bars at the end of the overlapping operation.

[056] A Fig. 7 é uma vista simplificada da torre da invenção, a qual compreende dois segmentos-de-torre concêntricos distintos e sobrepostos, 21 e 22, sobre a base da torre 23, que deve ser construída previamente.  Fig. 7 is a simplified view of the tower of the invention, which comprises two distinct and overlapping concentric tower segments, 21 and 22, on the base of the tower 23, which must be previously constructed.

[057] Para a execução da torre, os dois segmentos concêntricos de torre serão construídos separadamente, sendo um segmento externo 21 e um segmento interno 22, pela sobreposição e solidarização de uma multiplicidade de elementos modulares tubulares em cada segmento de torre.  [057] For tower construction, the two concentric tower segments will be constructed separately, one outer segment 21 and one inner segment 22, by overlapping and solidifying a plurality of tubular modular elements in each tower segment.

[058] Durante a montagem dos segmentos de torre, que compreende a colocação alternada dos elementos tubulares do segmento-de-torre interno e do segmento-de-torre externo, o segmento interno será mantido, em cada passo do processo, com seu topo acima do nível do topo do segmento externo. [058] During the assembly of tower segments, which comprises alternately placing the tubular elements of the inner tower segment and the outer tower segment, the The inner segment will be maintained at each step of the process with its top above the top level of the outer segment.

[059] Para o ajuste dos diâmetros externos do segmento-de-torre interno 22 aos diâmetros internos do segmento-de-torre externo, o segmento-de-torre interno é construído com trechos de diâmetro constante 22a, 22b e 22c, com o emprego de sequências de elementos tubulares cilíndricos de igual diâmetro, e elementos tubulares troco-cônicos 22d e 22e como elementos de transição.  [059] For fitting the outer diameters of the inner turret 22 to the inner diameters of the outer turret, the inner turret is constructed with constant diameter sections 22a, 22b and 22c, with the sequences of cylindrical tubular members of equal diameter, and frusto-conical tubular members 22d and 22e as transition elements.

[060] Segundo mostra a Fig. 7, o segmento-de-torre externo 21 compreende dois trechos cilíndricos de diâmetro constante 21a e 21b, e um elemento de transição 21c. De acordo com a mesma figura, o segmento-de-torre interno 22 compreende três trechos cilíndricos 22a, 22b, 22c e dois elementos de transição 22d, 22e, intercalados entre ditos trechos cilíndricos.  As shown in Fig. 7, the outer tower segment 21 comprises two constant diameter cylindrical sections 21a and 21b, and a transition element 21c. According to the same figure, the inner turret segment 22 comprises three cylindrical sections 22a, 22b, 22c and two transition elements 22d, 22e interspersed between said cylindrical sections.

[061] Antes do içamento do segmento de torre interno 22, o conjunto de seus elementos tubulares é solidarizado por protensão de cabos de protensão 31, ancorados no anel espesso 26 de sua extremidade inferior e no anel espesso 59 de sua extremidade superior, sobre o qual se encontra a nacele 61, como ilustrado na Fig. 11. Prior to the lifting of the inner tower segment 22, the assembly of its tubular members is secured by prestressing prestressing cables 31 anchored in the thick ring 26 of its lower end and the thick ring 59 of its upper end over the which is nacelle 61, as shown in Fig. 11.

[062] Para solidarização dos elementos tubulares do segmento-de-torre externo 21, empregam-se os cabos de protensão 58, com suas extremidades superiores ancoradas no anel espesso 25 e as inferiores em blocos de ancoragem 62, incrustadas na base 23, como mostra a Fig. 11.  [062] To support the tubular elements of the outer turret segment 21, the prestressing cables 58 are employed, with their upper ends anchored to the thick ring 25 and the lower ends to anchor blocks 62 embedded in the base 23, such as shows Fig. 11.

[063] Após a construção dos dois segmentos-de-torre, o segmento interno será içado por meio de cabos de aço 49 ancorados no anel espesso 25 da extremidade superior do segmento-de- torre externo, com os ditos cabos sendo tracionados por equipamentos de tração (macacos) 52 montados de forma suspensa na face inferior do anel espesso 26 da extremidade inferior do segmento-de-torre interno 22. [063] After the construction of the two tower segments, the inner segment will be hoisted by means of steel ropes 49 anchored in the thick ring 25 of the upper end of the outer tower segment, with said ropes being pulled by equipment. (52) pull-down assemblies suspended from the underside of the thick ring 26 of the lower end of the inner turret segment 22.

[064] Com o içamento completo do segmento de torre interno 22, a face superior do anel espesso 26 da extremidade inferior do segmento-de-torre interno ficará justaposta à face inferior do anel 25 da extremidade superior do segmento-de-torre externo 21, formando aí um nó duplo de comportamento reverso 24, objeto do documento de patente BR 10 2015 002142 9 do mesmo depositante, cujo conteúdo é incorporado ao presente pedido em sua totalidade. [064] With the complete lifting of the inner turret segment 22, the upper face of the thick ring 26 of the lower end of the inner turret segment will be juxtaposed with the lower face of the ring 25 of the upper end of the outer turret segment 21 therein forming a double reverse behavior node 24, object of patent document BR 10 2015 002142 9 of the same applicant, the contents of which are incorporated in the present application in its entirety.

[065] A Figura 8 mostra o arranjo construtivo do nó duplo de comportamento reverso 24 que solidariza os dois segmentos de torre, assinalando os seguintes detalhes: [065] Figure 8 shows the constructive arrangement of the double reverse behavior node 24 which solidifies the two tower segments, noting the following details:

• Furos de passagem 48 dos cabos de içamento 49 (ver Fig. 10) do segmento-de- torre 22;  • Through-holes 48 of lifting cables 49 (see Fig. 10) of tower segment 22;

• Cabos de protensão circunferencial 28 nas regiões superior e inferior da parte espessa superior do anel rígido 25, e na parte inferior desse anel rígido, cuja função é absorver a componente horizontal dos esforços que agem neste nó, evitando o seu colapso estrutural. • Circumferential prestressing cables 28 in the upper and lower regions of the upper thick part of the rigid ring 25, and in the lower part of the rigid ring Its function is to absorb the horizontal component of the forces acting on this node, avoiding its structural collapse.

[066] A Fig. 11 mostra ainda que, para a estabilidade do equilíbrio do segmento interno 22 durante seu içamento, pelo menos uma estrutura metálica estabilizadora 55 é temporariamente afixada à face inferior do conjunto, formado pelo anel espesso 26 estruturalmente solidarizado com a laje circular 27, dito conjunto estando provido na extremidade inferior do segundo segmento-de-torre. Dita estrutura 55 é previamente assentada sobre a base 23 antes do início da montagem do segmento-de-torre interno, como mostra em detalhe a Fig. 10. [066] Fig. 11 further shows that, for the equilibrium stability of the inner segment 22 during its lifting, at least one stabilizing metal structure 55 is temporarily affixed to the underside of the assembly formed by the thick ring 26 structurally solidified with the slab. circular 27, said assembly being provided at the lower end of the second tower segment. Said structure 55 is previously seated on the base 23 prior to the beginning of the assembly of the inner turret segment, as shown in detail in Fig. 10.

[067] Ditas estruturas metálicas estabilizadoras estão providas de braços telescópicos extensíveis dotadas de roletes em suas extremidades 56, os quais permanecem apoiados na parede interna do segmento-de-torre externo. Segundo mostra a Fig. 11, podem ser providos, na face superior de dito anel 25, os roletes 57 que se apoiam na face externa do segmento-de-torre interno, os quais, agindo complementarmente aos roletes 56, estabilizam dito segmento-de-torre durante seu içamento. [067] Said stabilizing metal structures are provided with extendable telescopic arms provided with rollers at their ends 56 which remain supported on the inner wall of the outer turret segment. As shown in Fig. 11, the upper face of said ring 25 may be provided with the rollers 57 resting on the outer face of the inner turret segment, which, acting in addition to the rollers 56, stabilize said outer segment. -Trail during your lift.

[068] O arranjo construtivo do anel rígido 26 da extremidade inferior do segmento-de-torre 22 encontra-se ilustrado na Fig. 10, onde se observa que a face inferior de dito anel rígido fica solidarizada à estrutura metálica estabilizadora 55. Este anel forma o anel inferior do nó duplo de comportamento reverso 24 que solidariza os dois segmentos de torre, assinalando os seguintes detalhes: The constructive arrangement of the rigid ring 26 of the lower end of the tower segment 22 is shown in Fig. 10, where it is observed that the underside of said rigid ring is solidified with the stabilizing metal structure 55. This ring it forms the lower ring of the double reverse behavior node 24 which solidifies the two tower segments, noting the following details:

· Laje espessa 27 do fundo do segmento de torre interior com furo 54 em seu centro;  Thick slab 27 from the bottom of the inner tower segment with hole 54 in its center;

• Cabos 47 da armadura circunferencial de protensão das regiões superior e inferior do anel rígido 26.  • Cables 47 of the circumferential prestressing armature of the upper and lower regions of the rigid ring 26.

• Os cabos de içamento 49, ancorados no bloco de fundação 23 e no anel espesso 25.  • Lifting ropes 49 anchored to foundation block 23 and thick ring 25.

• Furo de passagem 48 dos cabos 49 de içamento por meio dos equipamentos de força (macacos) 52 suspensos na face inferior do anel 26.  • Through hole 48 of the lifting cables 49 by means of the force equipment (jacks) 52 suspended on the underside of the ring 26.

• Cabo de protensão 31 desse segmento de torre e respectivo furo de passagem 51.  • Prong cable 31 of this tower segment and its through hole 51.

[069] A Fig. 12 mostra o arranjo construtivo dos elementos tubulares 21c de transição entre dois elementos tubulares cilíndricos com diâmetros diferentes entre si, indicando os cabos de protensão circunferencial 65 na sua região superior, bem como o anel de reforço interno 64 associado aos cabos de protensão circunferencial 65 na região inferior do elemento de transição 21c. Fig. 12 shows the constructive arrangement of the transition tubular members 21c between two cylindrical tubular members of differing diameters, indicating the circumferential prestressing cables 65 in their upper region, as well as the inner reinforcement ring 64 associated with the circumferential prestressing cables 65 in the lower region of the transition element 21c.

[070] A Fig. 13 mostra detalhes da extremidade superior do segmento-de-torre 22 sendo : Cabos de protensão circunferencial 66 da laje 67 existente no topo do segmento- de-torre 22, alojados no topo da face externa do anel espesso 59; [070] Fig. 13 shows details of the upper end of tower segment 22 being: Circumferential prestressing cables 66 of the slab 67 at the top of the tower segment 22 housed at the top of the outer face of the thick ring 59;

Armadura de protensão circunferencial 66 alojada na região inferior do anel espesso 59. Destina-se, juntamente com os citados cabos de protensão, a compensar a componente horizontal das forças originadas pela excentricidade entre o ponto de aplicação da força de protensão e a parede do dito segmento-de- torre 22;  Circumferential prestressing armor 66 housed in the lower region of the thick ring 59. It is intended, together with said prestressing cables, to compensate for the horizontal component of the forces generated by the eccentricity between the point of application of the prestressing force and the wall of said tower segment 22;

Elemento de ancoragem 68 do cabo de protensão 31 do conjunto de elementos tubulares que compõem o segmento interno 22 de torre;  Anchor element 68 of prestress cable 31 of the set of tubular elements that make up the inner tower segment 22;

Furo central circular de grande diâmetro 69 na laje superior 67 do segmento-de- torre 22.  Large circular diameter central hole 69 in the upper slab 67 of the tower segment 22.

[071] Para completar a descrição da construção da torre, a Fig. 11 apresenta um corte vertical parcial mostrando o bloco da base 23, com a implantação de meios de chumbam ento 63 da parede do elemento tubular da base do segmento-de-torre externo, além do arranjo esquemático da montagem para a ancoragem dos cabos de protensão 58 desse segmento de torre. Tal arranjo possibilita atender à necessidade de substituir ditos cabos de protensão após anos de vida útil da torre. Note-se que esses cabos serão protendidos com equipamentos de força colocados sobre o anel espesso 25 no topo do segmento-de-torre externo 21.  [071] To complete the description of the tower construction, Fig. 11 shows a partial vertical section showing the base block 23, with the implantation of bolts 63 from the wall of the tower segment base tubular element. as well as the schematic arrangement of the assembly for anchoring the prestressing cables 58 of this tower segment. Such an arrangement makes it possible to meet the need to replace such prestressing cables after years of tower life. Note that these cables will be shielded with force equipment placed over the thick ring 25 on top of the outer tower segment 21.

[072] Se bem que a invenção tenha sido apresentada mediante a descrição de uma concretização preferida dada a título de exemplo, modificações e variações poderão ser introduzidas por técnicos no assunto, desde que permanecendo dentro do conceito inventivo básico. Although the invention has been presented by way of description of a preferred embodiment given by way of example, modifications and variations may be made by those skilled in the art as long as they remain within the basic inventive concept.

[073] Desse modo, a invenção se encontra definida e delimitada pelo conjunto de reivindicações que se segue.  Accordingly, the invention is defined and delimited by the following set of claims.

Claims

REIVINDICAÇÕES 1 TORRE DE CONCRETO ESTRUTURAL para sustentação de turbinas, movidas pela ação do vento, geradoras de energia elétrica, caracterizada pelo fato de ser constituída pela sobreposição de um primeiro (21) e um segundo (22) segmentos-de-torre, cada segmento-de-torre sendo formado pelo empilhamento de uma pluralidade de elementos tubulares (40) solidarizados por meios de protensão longitudinal e compreendendo pelo menos um trecho cilíndrico (21a, 21b, 22a, 22b, 22c) e pelo menos um trecho tronco cónico (21c, 22d, 22e). 1 STRUCTURAL CONCRETE TOWER for the support of wind-driven turbines generating electric power, characterized by the fact that it consists of the overlap of a first (21) and a second (22) tower segments, each The turret is formed by stacking a plurality of tubular members (40) joined by longitudinally extending means and comprising at least one cylindrical portion (21a, 21b, 22a, 22b, 22c) and at least one conical stem portion (21c, 22d, 22e). 2. TORRE DE CONCRETO ESTRUTURAL, de acordo com a reivindicação 1, caracterizada pelo fato de dito primeiro segmento-de-torre (21) compreender um trecho cilíndrico inferior (21b) de maior diâmetro e um trecho cilíndrico superior (21a) de diâmetro menor do que dito trecho inferior e um trecho de transição tronco-cônico (21c) entre ambos.  STRUCTURAL CONCRETE TOWER according to claim 1, characterized in that said first tower segment (21) comprises a larger diameter lower cylindrical portion (21b) and a smaller diameter upper cylindrical portion (21a) than said lower stretch and a trunk-tapered transition stretch (21c) between them. 3. TORRE DE CONCRETO ESTRUTURAL, de acordo com a reivindicação 1, caracterizada pelo fato de dito segundo segmento-de-torre (22) compreender um trecho cilíndrico inferior (22c), um trecho cilíndrico intermediário (22b) de menor diâmetro que dito trecho cilíndrico inferior e um trecho cilíndrico superior (22a) com diâmetro menor do que dito trecho cilíndrico intermediário e dois trechos de transição tronco-cônicos (22d, 22e) intermediários entre ditos trechos cilíndricos.  STRUCTURAL CONCRETE TOWER according to claim 1, characterized in that said second tower segment (22) comprises a lower cylindrical section (22c), an intermediate cylindrical section (22b) of smaller diameter than said section. lower cylindrical portion and an upper cylindrical portion (22a) with a diameter smaller than said intermediate cylindrical portion and two intermediate trunk-conical transition portions (22d, 22e) between said cylindrical portions. 4. TORRE DE CONCRETO ESTRUTURAL, de acordo com a reivindicação 1, caracterizada pelo fato de a extremidade superior do primeiro segmento-de-torre (21) ser provida de um primeiro anel espesso (25) complementar a um segundo anel espesso (26) provido na extremidade inferior do segundo segmento-de-torre (22), ditos primeiro e segundo anéis formando um nó duplo de comportamento reverso (24) que une e solidariza mutuamente os ditos segmentos de torre.  STRUCTURAL CONCRETE TOWER according to Claim 1, characterized in that the upper end of the first tower segment (21) is provided with a first thick ring (25) complementary to a second thick ring (26). provided at the lower end of the second tower segment (22), said first and second rings forming a double reverse behavior node (24) which mutually unite and solidify said tower segments. 5 TORRE DE CONCRETO ESTRUTURAL, de acordo com as reivindicações 2, 3 ou 4, caracterizada pelo fato de compreender meios de absorção das componentes horizontais decorrentes da não colinearidade dos esforços transmitidos pelas paredes delgadas dos elementos tubulares dos segmentos de torre (21, 22) unidos pelo dito nó duplo de comportamento reverso (24).  STRUCTURAL CONCRETE TOWER according to claim 2, 3 or 4, characterized in that it comprises means for absorbing horizontal components resulting from non-collinearity of the forces transmitted by the thin walls of the tubular elements of the tower segments (21, 22). joined by said double reverse behavior node (24). 6 TORRE DE CONCRETO ESTRUTURAL, de acordo com as reivindicações 2 ou 3, caracterizada pelo fato de compreender meios de absorção das componentes horizontais decorrentes da não colinearidade dos esforços transmitidos pelas paredes inclinadas delgadas de ditos trechos de transição tronco-cônicos (21c, 22d, 22e). STRUCTURAL CONCRETE TOWER according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that it comprises means for absorbing the horizontal components resulting from the non-collinearity of the forces transmitted by the sloping sloping walls of said trunk-conical transition sections (21c, 22d, 22e). 7 TORRE DE CONCRETO ESTRUTURAL, de acordo com as reivindicações 5 ou 6, caracterizada pelo fato de ditos meios de absorção de ditas componentes horizontais compreenderem armaduras circulares protendidas (28, 65, 66). STRUCTURAL CONCRETE TOWER according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that said means for absorbing said horizontal components comprise prestressed circular reinforcements (28, 65, 66). 8 TORRE DE CONCRETO ESTRUTURAL, de acordo com a reivindicação 3, caracterizada pelo fato de dito segundo anel espesso (26) provido na extremidade inferior do segundo segmento de torre (22) estar associado a uma laje circular (27) estruturalmente solidária com dito anel espesso.  STRUCTURAL CONCRETE TOWER according to Claim 3, characterized in that said second thick ring (26) provided at the lower end of the second tower segment (22) is associated with a circular slab (27) structurally integral with said ring. thick. 9. TORRE DE CONCRETO ESTRUTURAL, de acordo com a reivindicação 1, caracterizada pelo fato de que ditos meios de protensão longitudinal de dito primeiro segmento- de-torre (21) compreendem cabos de protensão (58) ancorados no dito primeiro anel espesso (25) e em meios de ancoragem (62) providos na base de fundação da torre (23).  STRUCTURAL CONCRETE TOWER according to claim 1, characterized in that said longitudinal prestressing means of said first tower segment (21) comprise prestressing cables (58) anchored to said first thick ring (25). ) and in anchor means (62) provided on the tower foundation (23). 10. TORRE DE CONCRETO ESTRUTURAL, de acordo com a reivindicação 1, caracterizada pelo fato de ditos meios de protensão longitudinal do segundo segmento-de-torre (22) compreenderem cabos de protensão (31) com a extremidade superior ancorada no dito terceiro anel espesso (59) e a inferior ancorada no dito segundo anel espesso (26).  STRUCTURAL CONCRETE TOWER according to claim 1, characterized in that said longitudinal towers of the second tower segment (22) comprise towers (31) with the upper end anchored to said third thick ring. (59) and the lower one anchored to said second thick ring (26). 11 MÉTODO DE MONTAGEM DE TORRE DE CONCRETO ESTRUTURAL, caracterizado pelo fato de compreender duas etapas, a primeira consistindo na construção de dois segmentos de torre e a segunda no içamento do segmento-de-torre interno (22) e sua solidarização ao segmento-de-torre externo (21) por meio do nó duplo de comportamento reverso (24), intercalando-se, entre ditas primeira e segunda etapas da montagem da torre, a operação de montagem da nacele (61) e outros componentes relacionados com a geração de energia elétrica.  STRUCTURAL CONCRETE TOWER ASSEMBLY METHOD, characterized by the fact that it comprises two steps, the first consisting in the construction of two tower segments and the second in lifting the internal tower segment (22) and its solidarity with the external rail (21) by means of the double-acting reverse node (24), interleaving between said first and second stages of tower assembly, the assembly operation of the nacelle (61) and other components related to the generation of electricity. 12 MÉTODO DE MONTAGEM DE TORRE DE CONCRETO ESTRUTURAL, , de acordo com a reivindicação 11, caracterizado pelo fato de a dita primeira etapa compreender a montagem de um primeiro segmento-de-torre externo (21) e de um segundo segmento-de-torre interno (22), concêntrico a dito primeiro segmento-de-torre (21), cada dito segmento-de-torre sendo construído separadamente mediante a sobreposição sucessiva de uma pluralidade de elementos cilíndricos (40, 22a, 22b, 22c, 21a e 21b)e tronco-cônicos (21c, 22d, 22e) e posterior solidarização dos mesmos por protensão longitudinal dos respectivos segmentos de torre (21,22).  STRUCTURAL CONCRETE TOWER ASSEMBLY METHOD according to Claim 11, characterized in that said first step comprises the assembly of a first external tower segment (21) and a second tower segment. (22), concentric to said first tower segment (21), each said tower segment being constructed separately by successively overlapping a plurality of cylindrical elements (40, 22a, 22b, 22c, 21a and 21b ) and trunk-conical (21c, 22d, 22e) and their subsequent solidarity by longitudinal prestressing of the respective tower segments (21,22). 13 MÉTODO DE MONTAGEM DE TORRE DE CONCRETO ESTRUTURAL, de acordo com a reivindicação 12, caracterizado pelo fato de dita primeira etapa do método de construção compreender os seguintes passos: Implantar sobre o solo uma base de montagem de concreto (23) com diâmetro maior do que aquele do segmento-de-torre inferior (21); STRUCTURAL CONCRETE TOWER ASSEMBLY METHOD according to claim 12, characterized in that said first step of the construction method comprises the following steps: Implant a concrete mounting base (23) larger than the lower tower segment (21) on the ground; Apoiar sobre o centro de dita base uma primeira estrutura metálica estabilizadora (55);  Supporting on the center of said base a first stabilizing metal structure (55); Sobrepor à dita estrutura metálica (55), o elemento tubular inferior (26) do primeiro segmento-de-torre (22), previamente montado no canteiro da obra, pela união de segmentos cilíndricos pré-fabricados (41);  Overlapping said metal structure (55), the lower tubular element (26) of the first tower segment (22), previously mounted on the construction site, by joining prefabricated cylindrical segments (41); Sobrepor ao dito elemento tubular inferior do segmento-de-torre interno (22) o elemento tubular imediatamente acima deste; Superimposed on said lower tubular member of the inner turret segment (22) the tubular member immediately above it; Sobrepor à dita base (23) o primeiro elemento tubular inferior ao segmento externo (21);  Overlapping said base (23) the first lower tubular element with the outer segment (21); Sobrepor ao elemento tubular inferior do segmento-de-torre externo (21) o elemento tubular imediatamente acima deste;  Superimpose on the lower tubular element of the outer turret segment (21) the tubular element immediately above it; Continuar a sobreposição dos elementos que formam os ditos segmentos-de- torre (21, 22), de forma alternada entre o externo e o interno, mantendo sempre o topo do segmento-de-torre interno acima do topo do externo;  Continue overlapping the elements forming said tower segments (21, 22) alternately between the outer and inner, always keeping the top of the inner tower segment above the top of the outer one; Execução das juntas horizontais de elementos pré-moldados (40) com proteção das faces de contato por telas de armaduras(46A); Execution of horizontal joints of precast elements (40) with protection of contact faces by armature screens (46A); Antes do içamento, corrigir eventuais desníveis entre as bordas em contato de ditos elementos tubulares sobrepostos mediante uma camada de argamassa colante;  Prior to lifting, correct any unevenness between the contact edges of said overlapping tubular elements by means of a layer of adhesive mortar; Após o término do empilhamento de todos os elementos tubulares de cada segmento de torre, efetuar a solidarização destes, mediante a respectiva protensão, por cabos dispostos longitudinalmente no interior de cada segmento- de-torre; a solidarização dos elementos que constituem o segmento-de-torre interno (22) sendo provida por cabos (31) ancorados nas extremidades superior e inferior desse segmento-de-torre; a solidarização dos elementos que constituem o segmento-de-torre externo (21) sendo provida por cabos ancorados na extremidade superior desse segmento-de-torre externo e na dita base de fundação da torre (23).  After the stacking of all the tubular elements of each tower segment has been completed, they must be solidified, by means of their respective prestressing, by cables disposed longitudinally within each tower segment; the solidification of the elements constituting the inner turret segment (22) being provided by cables (31) anchored at the upper and lower ends of that turret segment; the solidification of the elements constituting the outer tower segment (21) being provided by cables anchored to the upper end of that outer tower segment and said tower base (23). Solidarização das barras 45 nos furos 46 dos elementos pré-moldados empilhados (40) com nata de cimento após protensão. 14 MÉTODO DE MONTAGEM DE TORRE DE CONCRETO ESTRUTURAL, de acordo com a reivindicação 12, caracterizado pelo fato de dita segunda etapa compreender os seguintes passos: Solidarization of the bars 45 in the holes 46 of the stacked precast elements (40) with cement cream after prestressing. STRUCTURAL CONCRETE TOWER ASSEMBLY METHOD according to claim 12, characterized in that said second step comprises the following steps: • Justapor equipamentos de tração (52) à dita face inferior do anel espesso (26) da extremidade inferior do segmento-de-torre interno;  • Juxtapose traction equipment (52) to said lower face of the thick ring (26) of the lower end of the inner turret segment; • Ancorar a extremidade superior de cabos de içamento (49) no anel espesso (25) provido na extremidade superior do segmento-de-torre externo (21), passando através do equipamento de tração (52) e ancorando na extremidade inferior de ditos cabos à base de fundação (23) formando um cabo guia de içamento capaz de resistir a esforços horizontais decorrentes de movimentos de rotação do segmento de torre interno;  • Anchor the upper end of lifting cables (49) to the thick ring (25) provided at the upper end of the outer tower segment (21), passing through the traction equipment (52) and anchoring to the lower end of said cables. the foundation base (23) forming a lifting guide cable capable of resisting horizontal stresses due to rotational movements of the inner tower segment; • Tracionar ditos cabos por meio de ditos equipamentos de tração (52), içando o segmento de torre interno (22) juntamente com a estrutura metálica estabilizadora (55) fixada a dito anel espesso (26);  Towing said cables by means of said traction equipment (52) by lifting the inner tower segment (22) together with the stabilizing metal frame (55) attached to said thick ring (26); • Prover guias metálicas (57) superiores instaladas no anel (25) guiando pela face externa do segmento (22);  • Provide upper metal guides (57) installed on the ring (25) guiding the outer face of the segment (22); • Alongar as hastes telescópicas providas de roletes (56) que se estendem a partir de dita estrutura metálica estabilizadora (55), estabelecendo o contato de ditos roletes com a parede interna do dito segmento-de-torre externo (21);  • Extending the telescopic rods provided with rollers (56) extending from said stabilizing metal structure (55), making the contact of said rollers with the inner wall of said outer tower segment (21); • Após o içamento parcial de dito segmento-de-torre (22), fixar à base de dita estrutura metálica estabilizadora (55) uma segunda estrutura, alongando as respectivas hastes telescópicas, estabelecendo o contato dos respectivos roletes com a parede interna do segmento-de-torre externo (21), até o término do içamento do segmento interno(22);  • After partial lifting of said tower segment (22), fix to the base of said stabilizing metal frame (55) a second structure, extending the respective telescopic rods, establishing the respective rollers contact with the inner wall of the segment-tower. external tower (21) until the end of the internal segment lifting (22); • Prosseguir com o içamento até o término do percurso ascendente do segmento- de-torre interno (22) e efetuar a consolidação do nó duplo de comportamento reverso (24) formado pelo contato mútuo entre o anel espesso (26) provido na extremidade inferior do segmento-de-torre interno (22) e o anel espesso (25) provido na extremidade superior do segmento-de-torre externo (21).  • Proceed with lifting to the end of the upward travel of the inner turret segment (22) and consolidate the double reverse behavior node (24) formed by mutual contact between the thick ring (26) provided at the lower end of the inner turret (22) and the thick ring (25) provided at the upper end of the outer turret (21).
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