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WO2018067828A1 - Expanseur de faisceau à grossissement variable avec capacité de zoom et de focalisation ultra-rapide utilisant un élément optique adaptatif - Google Patents

Expanseur de faisceau à grossissement variable avec capacité de zoom et de focalisation ultra-rapide utilisant un élément optique adaptatif Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018067828A1
WO2018067828A1 PCT/US2017/055357 US2017055357W WO2018067828A1 WO 2018067828 A1 WO2018067828 A1 WO 2018067828A1 US 2017055357 W US2017055357 W US 2017055357W WO 2018067828 A1 WO2018067828 A1 WO 2018067828A1
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Prior art keywords
light
focal length
optics
deformable
optical system
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English (en)
Inventor
Eric SANFORD
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Saikou Optics Inc
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Saikou Optics Inc
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B26/00—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements
    • G02B26/08—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements for controlling the direction of light
    • G02B26/0816—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements for controlling the direction of light by means of one or more reflecting elements
    • G02B26/0825—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements for controlling the direction of light by means of one or more reflecting elements the reflecting element being a flexible sheet or membrane, e.g. for varying the focus
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B26/00—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements
    • G02B26/08—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements for controlling the direction of light
    • G02B26/10—Scanning systems
    • G02B26/101—Scanning systems with both horizontal and vertical deflecting means, e.g. raster or XY scanners
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/09—Beam shaping, e.g. changing the cross-sectional area, not otherwise provided for

Definitions

  • the present disclosure generally relates to using adaptive optical components to provide a variable magnification beam expander.
  • the focal length of a lens is a measure of how strongly the lens converges or diverges light. In practical terms, for an optical system in air, the focal length represents the distance over which initially collimated rays are brought to a focus or focal point.
  • traditional compound lens devices such as telescopes, individual lens elements are disposed within a barrel-shaped housing. When lens elements are at fixed locations within the housing, the lens typically provide a fixed focal length, but where the lens elements are moveable with respect to each other, they may provide a variable focal length or "zoom" capability.
  • the magnification (m) provided by a compound lens device that includes a first lens closest to the object to be magnified and a second lens used for viewing is provided by the following equation:
  • fi is the focal length of the first, or objective, lens and f 2 is the focal length of the second lens.
  • Beam expanders use these principals to increase a lateral dimension (e.g., diameter or width) of a collimated beam of light, such as a laser beam.
  • a beam expander reverses the positions of the respective lenses as described above.
  • a beam expander may accept collimated light beam 101 at lens 1 10, which results in the energy from collimated light beam 101 being concentrated at focal point 1 13 before proceeding to objective lens 1 12 where it exits as expanded beam 105.
  • the beam expander may vary the diameter of expanded beam 105 by changing the focal lengths of either or both of lens 110 and objective lens 112.
  • the relationship between the diameters of collimated light beam 101 and expanded beam 105 may also be expressed in terms of the magnification (m) of the device:
  • the beam expander may change the diameter of the output light beam by changing the focal lengths of one or both of lens 110 and objective lens 112.
  • LIDAR laser radar
  • range finders range finders
  • other scanning technologies sweep a laser in real-time across 2D and 3D space in part by quickly varying the optimal diameter and divergence for the laser beam.
  • Systems that use mechanical components to change one or more characteristics of a laser beam may not be well-suited for these types of applications because the rate at which they can change the laser beam's characteristics is too slow to meet the application's requirements.
  • An afocal optical system that has a magnification value may be summarized as including a first set of optics with a first focal length that is adjustable, the first set of optics comprising at least a first deformable reflector; a second set of optics with a second focal length that is adjustable, the second set of optics comprising at least a second deformable reflector, the second set of optics positioned with respect to the first set of optics to form an optical path therebetween; and a set of control circuitry communicatively coupled to control a deformation of the first and a deformation of the second deformable reflectors, and which in operation varies the first focal length and the second focal length such that a sum of the first focal length and the second focal length remains constant to change the magnification of the afocal optical system.
  • At least one of the first set of optics or the second set of optics may further include at least one lens.
  • At least one of the first set of optics or the second set of optics may further include at least one deformable lens and the set of control circuitry is communicatively coupled to control a deformation of the at least one deformable lens.
  • the first deformable reflector may be a first deformable mirror
  • the second deformable reflector may be a second deformable mirror
  • the set of control circuitry may include at least one processor circuit, and in response to an input that represents a defined lateral dimension of an output beam of light, the at least one processor circuit may determine and output a set of drive signals that cause the first and the second deformable reflectors to respectively deform to achieve the defined lateral dimension of the output beam of light.
  • the first deformable reflector may be a first deformable mirror
  • the second deformable reflector may be a second deformable mirror
  • the set of control circuitry may include at least one processor circuit, and in response to an input that represents a defined magnification, the at least one processor circuit may determine and output a set of drive signals that cause the first and the second deformable reflectors to respectively deform to achieve the defined magnification.
  • the afocal optical system may further include a first aperture that receives an input beam of light, the first aperture upstream of the first set of optics with respect to a direction of light along the optical path, the input beam of light having a first lateral dimension; a second aperture through which an output beam of light exits, the second aperture downstream of the second set of optics with respect to the direction of light along the optical path, the output beam of light having a second lateral dimension, the second lateral dimension different from the first lateral dimension, and a ratio between the first and the second lateral dimensions is a function of the
  • the afocal optical system may further include a first optical isolator positioned upstream of the first set of optics with respect to a direction of a beam of light along the optical path, the first optical isolator positioned such that the beam of light is incident on the first optical isolator at least two times, wherein the first optical isolator passes through at least part of the beam of light the first time the beam of light is incident on the first optical isolator based on at least one of a wavelength and a polarization of the input beam of light, and the first optical isolator reflects substantially all of the beam of light the second time the beam of light is incident on the first optical isolator.
  • the first optical isolator may include a quarter wave plate that changes a polarization of the input beam of light between circularly polarized light and linearly polarized light, the quarter wave place positioned such that the input beam of light traverses the quarter wave plate at least two times.
  • the afocal optical system may further include an X-Y scanner positioned with respect to the second set of optics to form an optical path therebetween, the X-Y scanner communicatively coupled to the set of control circuitry to control a direction of propagation of an output beam of light.
  • the set of control circuitry synchronously may vary the first focal length and the second focal length such that the sum of the first focal length and the second focal length remains constant to change the magnification of the afocal optical system.
  • the afocal optical system may further include an imager that captures images at the first focal length and the second focal length and at least one focal length between the first and the second focal lengths.
  • the afocal optical system may further include an imager that continually captures images as the focal length varies between the first focal length and the second focal length.
  • a method of operation of an afocal optical system including a first set of optics with at least a first deformable reflector, a second set of optics with at least a second deformable reflector, the second set of optics positioned with respect to the first set of optics to form an optical path therebetween, and a set of control circuitry, may be summarized as including receiving at least one signal by the set of control circuitry; varying a first focal length of a first set of optics, by the set of control circuitry, based on the received signal; and varying a second focal length of a second set of optics, by the set of control circuitry, based on the received signal such that a sum of the first focal length and the second focal length remains constant.
  • the afocal optical system may have a magnification value and may further include determining, by the set of control circuitry, an amount of deformation of at least one of the first and the second deformable reflectors to achieve a desired magnification value, and outputting a set of drive signals corresponding to the determined amount of deformation that cause the first and the second deformable reflectors to respectively deform to achieve the desired magnification value.
  • the received signal may be related to a defined lateral dimension of an output beam of light and may further include determining, by the set of control circuitry, an amount of deformation of at least one of the first and the second deformable reflectors to achieve the defined lateral dimension, and outputting a set of drive signals corresponding to the determined amount of deformation that cause the first and the second deformable reflectors to respectively deform to achieve the defined lateral dimension of the output beam of light.
  • the method of may further include receiving an input beam of light through a first aperture, the first aperture upstream of the first set of optics with respect to a direction of light along the optical path, the input beam of light having a first lateral dimension; outputting an output beam of light through a second aperture, the second aperture downstream of the second set of optics with respect to the direction of light along the optical path, the output beam of light having a second lateral dimension, the second lateral dimension different from the first lateral dimension, and determining a magnification value of the afocal optical system based at least in part on a ratio between the first and the second lateral dimensions.
  • the afocal optical system may have a quarter wave plate which may further include changing a polarization of an input beam of light between circularly polarized light and linearly polarized light using the quarter wave plate, the input beam of light traversing the quarter wave plate at least two times.
  • the afocal optical system may have an X-Y scanner which may further include determining, by the set of control circuitry, settings for the X-Y scanner to achieve a desired direction of propagation for an output beam of light, and outputting a set of drive signals corresponding to the determined settings that cause the X-Y scanner to achieve the desired direction of propagation for the output beam of light.
  • Varying a second focal length of a second set of optics, by the set of control circuitry, based on the received signal such that a sum of the first focal length and the second focal length remains constant may include synchronously varying the second focal length of the second set of optics based on the received signal such that the sum of the first focal length and the second focal length remains constant.
  • the method may further include capturing images of an illuminated area at the first focal length, at the second focal length, and at at least one focal length between the first and the second focal lengths.
  • the method may further include continually capturing images of an illuminated area as the focal length varies between the first focal length and the second focal length.
  • An afocal optical system to receive an input collimated beam of light and to provide an output non-collimated beam of light may be summarized as including a first set of optics with a first focal length that is adjustable, the first set of optics comprising at least a first deformable reflector; a second set of optics with a second focal length that is adjustable, the second set of optics comprising at least a second deformable reflector, the second set of optics positioned with respect to the first set of optics to form an optical path therebetween; and a set of control circuitry
  • At least one of the first set of optics or the second set of optics may further include at least one lens.
  • At least one of the first set of optics or the second set of optics may further include at least one deformable lens and the set of control circuitry may be communicatively coupled to control a deformation of the at least one deformable lens.
  • the first deformable reflector may be a first deformable mirror
  • the second deformable reflector may be a second deformable mirror
  • the set of control circuitry may include at least one processor circuit, and in response to an input that represents a defined distance for convergence of an output beam of light, the at least one processor circuit may determine and output a set of drive signals that cause the first and the second
  • the first deformable reflector may be a first deformable mirror
  • the second deformable reflector may be a second deformable mirror
  • the set of control circuitry may include at least one processor circuit, and in response to an input that represents a defined distance of convergence for an output beam of light, the at least one processor circuit may determine and output a set of drive signals that cause the first and the second deformable reflectors to respectively deform to achieve the defined distance of convergence.
  • the afocal optical system may further include a first optical isolator positioned upstream of the first set of optics with respect to a direction of a beam of light along the optical path, the first optical isolator positioned such that the beam of light is incident on the first optical isolator at least two times, wherein the first optical isolator reflects at least part of the beam of light the first time the beam of light is incident on the first optical isolator based on at least one of a frequency and a polarization of the input beam of light, and the first optical isolator allows substantially all of the beam of light to pass through the second time the beam of light is incident on the first optical isolator.
  • the first optical isolator may include a quarter wave plate that may change a polarization of the input beam of light between circularly polarized light and linearly polarized light, the quarter wave place positioned such that the input beam of light traverses the quarter wave plate at least two times.
  • the afocal optical system may further include an X-Y scanner positioned with respect to the second set of optics to form an optical path therebetween, the X-Y scanner communicatively coupled to the set of control circuitry to control a direction of propagation of an output beam of light.
  • the afocal optical system may further include an imager that captures images at the first focal length and the second focal length and at least one focal length between the first and the second focal lengths.
  • the afocal optical system may further include an imager that continually captures images as the focal length varies between the first focal length and the second focal length.
  • a method of operation of an afocal optical system including a first reflector set with a first focal length and comprising at least a first deformable mirror, a second reflector set with a second focal length and comprising at least a second deformable reflector, the second reflector set positioned with respect to the first reflector set to form an optical path therebetween, and a set of control circuitry, may be summarized as including receiving at least one signal by the set of control circuitry; varying a first focal length of the first reflector set, by the set of control circuitry, based on the received signal; and varying a second focal length of the second reflector set, by the set of control circuitry, based on the received signal such that a point of convergence of an output beam of light varies along a direction of propagation of the output beam of light.
  • the method may further include determining, by the set of control circuitry, an amount of deformation of at least one of the first and the second reflector sets to achieve a desired point of convergence for the output beam of light, and outputting a set of drive signals corresponding to the determined amount of deformation that cause the first and the second reflector sets to respectively deform to achieve the desired point of convergence.
  • the method may further include receiving an input beam of collimated light through a first aperture, the first aperture upstream of the first reflector sets with respect to a direction of light along the optical path; determining the first focal length and the second focal length such that an output beam of non-collimated light has a desired point of convergence; outputting a set of drive signals corresponding to the desired point of convergence that cause the first and the second deformable reflectors to respectively deform to achieve the desired point of convergence; and outputting an output beam of non-collimated light through a second aperture, the second aperture downstream of the second reflector set with respect to the direction of light along the optical path, the output beam of light having the desired point of convergence downstream of the second aperture.
  • the afocal optical system may have a quarter wave plate and may further include changing a polarization of an input beam of light between circularly polarized light and linearly polarized light using the quarter wave plate, the input beam of light traversing the quarter wave plate at least two times.
  • the afocal optical system may have an X-Y scanner and may further include determining, by the set of control circuitry, settings for the X-Y scanner to achieve a desired direction of propagation for an output beam of light, and outputting a set of drive signals corresponding to the determined settings that cause the X-Y scanner to achieve the desired direction of propagation for the output beam of light.
  • the method may further include capturing images of an illuminated area at the first focal length, the second focal length, and at least one focal length between the first and the second focal lengths.
  • the method may further include continually capturing images of an illuminated area as the focal length varies between the first focal length and the second focal length.
  • An afocal optical system that receives an input beam of light may be summarized as including a first set of optics with a first focal length that is adjustable, the first set of optics comprising at least a first deformable reflector and at least a first lens; a second set of optics with a second focal length that is adjustable, the second set of optics comprising at least a second deformable reflector and at least a second lens, the second set of optics positioned with respect to the first set of optics to form an optical path between therebetween where the optical path sequentially: passes through the first lens, reflects from the first deformable reflector, passes through the first lens, passes through the second lens, reflects from the second deformable reflector, and passes through the second lens; and a set of control circuitry communicatively coupled to control a deformation of the first and a deformation of the second deformable reflectors.
  • the afocal optical system may further include a first quarter wave plate in the optical path where the optical path sequentially: passes through the first quarter wave plate, the first lens, reflects from the first deformable reflector, passes through the first lens, passes through the first quarter wave plate, passes through the second lens, reflects from the second deformable reflector, and passes through the second lens.
  • At least one of the first lens and the second lens may include at least one deformable lens.
  • the first deformable reflector may be a first deformable mirror
  • the second deformable reflector may be a second deformable mirror
  • the set of control circuitry may include at least one processor circuit, and in response to an input that represents a defined lateral dimension of an output beam of light, the at least one processor circuit may determine and output a set of drive signals that cause the first and the second deformable reflectors to respectively deform to achieve the defined lateral dimension of the output beam of light.
  • the first deformable reflector may be a first deformable mirror
  • the second deformable reflector may be a second deformable mirror
  • the set of control circuitry may include at least one processor circuit, and in response to an input that represents a defined magnification, the at least one processor circuit may determine and output a set of drive signals that cause the first and the second deformable reflectors to respectively deform to achieve the defined magnification.
  • the afocal optical system may further include a first aperture that receives an input beam of light, the first aperture upstream of the first set of optics with respect to a direction of light along the optical path, the input beam of light having a first lateral dimension; a second aperture through which an output beam of light exits, the second aperture downstream of the second set of optics with respect to the direction of light along the optical path, the output beam of light having a second lateral dimension, the second lateral dimension different from the first lateral dimension, and a ratio between the first and the second lateral dimensions is a function of the
  • the afocal optical system may further include a first optical isolator positioned upstream of the first set of optics with respect to a direction of a beam of light form an optical path therebetween where the optical path sequentially: passes through the first optical isolator, passes through the first lens, reflects from the first deformable reflector, passes through the first lens, reflects from the first optical isolator, passes through the second lens, reflects from the second deformable reflector, and passes through the second lens, wherein the first optical isolator passes through at least part of the beam of light the first time the beam of light is incident on the first optical isolator based on at least one of a frequency and a polarization of the input beam of light, and the first optical isolator reflects substantially all of the beam of light the second time the beam of light is incident on the first optical isolator.
  • the afocal optical system may further include an X-Y scanner positioned with respect to the second set of optics to form an optical path therebetween, the X-Y scanner communicatively coupled to the set of control circuitry to control a direction of propagation of an output beam of light.
  • the afocal optical system may further include an imager that captures images at the first focal length and the second focal length and at least one focal length between the first and the second focal lengths.
  • the afocal optical system may further include an imager that continually captures images as the focal length varies between the first focal length and the second focal length.
  • a method of operation of an afocal optical system including a first set of optics with a first focal length that is adjustable, the first set of optics comprising at least a first deformable reflector and at least a first lens; a second set of optics with a second focal length that is adjustable, the second set of optics comprising at least a second deformable reflector and at least a second lens, the second set of optics positioned with respect to the first set of optics to form an optical path between therebetween where the optical path sequentially: passes through the first lens, reflects from the first deformable reflector, passes through the first lens, passes through the second lens, reflects from the second deformable reflector, and passes through the second lens; and a set of control circuitry, may be summarized as including receiving at least one signal by the set of control circuity; controlling a deformation of the first deformable reflector to vary a first focal length based on the received signals; and controlling a deformation of the second deformable
  • the method may further include receiving an input beam of light through a first aperture, the first aperture upstream of the first set of optics with respect to a direction of light along the optical path, the input beam of light having a first lateral dimension; outputting an output beam of light through a second aperture, the second aperture downstream of the second set of optics with respect to the direction of light along the optical path, the output beam of light having a second lateral dimension, the second lateral dimension different from the first lateral dimension, and determining a magnification value of the afocal optical system based at least in part on a ratio between the first and the second lateral dimensions.
  • the method may further include receiving an input beam of collimated light through a first aperture, the first aperture upstream of the first set of optics with respect to a direction of light along the optical path; outputting an output beam of non- collimated light through a second aperture, the second aperture downstream of the second set of optics with respect to the direction of light along the optical path, the output beam of light having a desired point of convergence along a direction of propagation of the output beam of light, and determining a magnification value of the first deformable reflector and a magnification value of the second deformable reflector based at least in part on desired point of convergence.
  • the afocal optical system may have at least two quarter wave plates where the optical path sequentially: passes through the first quarter wave plate, passes through first lens, reflects from the first deformable reflector, passes through the first lens, passes through the first quarter wave plate, passes through the second quarter wave plate, passes through the second lens, reflects from the second deformable reflector, and passes through the second lens, passes through the second quarter wave plate, and may further include changing a polarization of an input beam of light between circularly polarized light and linearly polarized light using each of the quarter wave plates, the optical path traversing each of the quarter wave plates at least two times.
  • the afocal optical system may have an X-Y scanner and may further include determining, by the set of control circuitry, settings for the X-Y scanner to achieve a desired direction of propagation for an output beam of light, and outputting a set of drive signals corresponding to the determined settings that cause the X-Y scanner to achieve the desired direction of propagation for the output beam of light.
  • the method may further include capturing images of an illuminated area by the output beam at the first focal length, at the second focal length, and at at least one focal length between the first and the second focal lengths.
  • the method may further include continually capturing images of an illuminated area by the output beam as the focal length varies between the first focal length and the second focal length.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating a general operation of a conventional beam expander.
  • Figures 2A-C are schematic diagrams illustrating an operation of a beam expander having lenses with variable focal lengths according to at least one illustrated implementations, shown at three different combinations of focal lengths, respectively.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of a beam expander capable of dynamically modifying magnification, according to at least one illustrated embodiment.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of a first optical isolator which can be used in a beam expander, according to at least one illustrated embodiment.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of a first lens group which can be used in a beam expander, according to at least one illustrated embodiment.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of a beam expander, according to at least one illustrated embodiment, in which a first optical isolator receives a light beam that has traveled from a first lens group.
  • Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of a second optical isolator which can be used in a beam expander, according to at least one illustrated embodiment.
  • Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of a second lens group which can be used in a beam expander, according to at least one illustrated embodiment.
  • Figure 9 is a schematic diagram illustrating an operation of abeam expander in which a second optical isolator receives a light beam that has traveled from a second lens group.
  • Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of a beam expander that includes an X-
  • Figure 11 is a schematic diagram of a beam expander that has an f-theta lens, according to at least one illustrated embodiment.
  • Figure 12 is a flow diagram showing an example method to operate an optical system that includes a first reflector set and a second reflector set to vary a lateral dimension of an output beam of light, according to at least one illustrated embodiment.
  • Figure 13 is a flow diagram showing an example method to operate an optical system that includes a first reflector set and a second reflector set to focus an output beam of light along the direction of propagation of the output beam of light, according to at least one illustrated embodiment.
  • Figure 14 is a flow diagram showing an example method to operate an optical system that includes a first reflector set and a second reflector set to change a lateral dimension for an output beam of light while sweeping the output beam of light along the X-axis and/or Y-axis, according to at least one illustrated embodiment.
  • Figure 15 is a flow diagram showing an example method to operate an optical system that includes a first reflector set and a second reflector to change a point of convergence for an output beam of light while sweeping the output beam of light along the X-axis and/or Y-axis, according to at least one illustrated embodiment.
  • Implementations of the present disclosure are directed to optical beam expander and related devices and methods that allow for rapidly changing a
  • an optical beam expander may include at least two distinct sets of optics (e.g., deformable reflectors, lenses).
  • the magnification of an optical system that includes two lenses is calculated using the following formula:
  • magnification becomes a function of fi, the focal length of the first set of optics. Accordingly, a change in magnification can occur when the focal lengths of the two sets of optics are modified synchronously such that the value of fi changes but the sum of the respective focal lengths, t, remains equal to the optical distance between the two sets of optics.
  • Changing the magnification in this manner may also be used to control the operation of a beam expander that includes two controllable or adjustable sets of optics.
  • FIGS 2A-C illustrate the operation of an afocal optical system, such as a beam expander 200, according to at least one illustrated implementation.
  • the beam expander 200 has two sets of optics that are at a fixed distance, t, from each other.
  • Each of the sets of optics is controllable or adjustable and has respective adjustable focal lengths.
  • Each of the sets of optics includes one or more reflectors (e.g., mirrors) and optionally lenses.
  • the reflectors are deformable, and one or more of the lenses are optionally deformable.
  • a first set of optics 201 includes a deformable mirror 205 and a lens 206
  • a second set of optics 202 includes a deformable mirror 207 and a lens 208.
  • the focal lengths of the first set of optics 201 and the second set of optics 202 in the beam expander 200 have been synchronously changed, for example such that the focal length of the first set of optics 201 is now greater than the focal length of the second set of optics 202 (fi > f 2 ).
  • Changing the focal length of the first set of optics 201 can be accomplished by deforming the deformable mirror 205 and, optionally, the lens 206.
  • Changing the focal length of the second set of optics 202 can be accomplished by deforming the deformable mirror 207 and, optionally, the lens 208.
  • the total distance between the first set of optics 201 and the second set of optics 202 remains fixed at value t. In Figure 2B, however, a diameter 222b of the output beam 212b is now less than the diameter 221b of the input beam .
  • the focal lengths of the first set of optics 201 and the second set of optics 202 in the beam expander 200 have been synchronously changed, for example, such that the focal length of the first set of optics 201 is now less than the focal length of the second set of optics 202 (fi ⁇ f 2 ).
  • Changing the focal length of the first set of optics 201 can be accomplished by deforming the deformable mirror 205 and, optionally, the lens 206.
  • Changing the focal length of the second set of optics 202 can be accomplished by deforming the deformable mirror 207 and, optionally, the lens 208.
  • the total distance between the first set of optics 201 and the second set of optics 202 remains fixed at value t.
  • a diameter 222c of the output beam 212c is now larger than the diameter 221c of the input beam 211c.
  • Figures 2A-2C illustrate a Keplerian configuration for the first set of optics 201 and the second set of optics 202, the same principles apply to beam expanders having a Galilean configuration for the first and second lens groups.
  • FIG. 3 shows a beam expander that dynamically modifies magnification, according to at least one illustrated implementation.
  • the beam expander 300 may include a set of control circuitry (i.e., controller) 301, a first optical isolator 330, a first set of optics 340, a second optical isolator 350, and a second set of optics 360.
  • Each of the first set of optics 340 and the second set of optics 260 may include at least one deformable reflector (e.g., deformable mirror).
  • the beam expander 300 accepts an input beam 311 and converts the input beam 311 to an output beam 312.
  • the input beam 311 may consist of collimated light, such as laser light, emitted from a laser light source or other light source, for instance via a colliminator. In some implementations, the input beam 311 may comprise visible light and/or infrared light.
  • the input beam 311 has a first lateral dimension 321.
  • the beam expander 300 may operate to vary a lateral dimension of the output beam 312, for example by synchronously changing the focal lengths of the first set of optics 340 and the second set of optics 360. Thus, the beam expander 300 may vary the lateral dimension 322 of the output beam 312 even though the optical distance between the first set of optics 340 and the second set of optics 360 remains constant. As shown in Figure 3, the input beam 311 may first traverse an optical isolator 330 in an optical path of the light before or upstream of the first set of optics 340.
  • Figure 4 shows a first optical isolator 330, according to at least one illustrated implementation.
  • the first optical isolator 330 can be employed in a beam expander, such as those described herein.
  • the illustrated first optical isolator 330 includes a beam splitter 410 and a quarter wave plate 420.
  • the beam splitter 410 may take the form of a polarization beam splitter, for instance in the shape of a cube.
  • the input beam 311 enters the beam splitter 410 and travels to an internal reflective layer 412.
  • the internal reflective layer 412 may comprise one or more coatings (e.g., half silvered, aluminum, adhesive, resin) that pass part of an incident light beam while reflecting part of the incident light beam.
  • the internal reflective layer 412 may include one or more birefringent materials that split an incident light beam into different polarizations and/or dichoric materials that split the incident light into separate wavelengths.
  • the internal reflective layer may allow incident light of only one type of polarization to pass through, reflecting the remaining light in a different direction.
  • the beam splitter 410 may, for example, pass linearly P-polarized light from the input beam 311 through the internal reflective layer 412 as a linear polarized beam 421 and reflect the remaining incident light from the input beam 311 as reflected light 422.
  • the first optical isolator 330 may also include a quarter wave plate 420, which converts between linearly and circularly polarized waveforms. As shown in Figure 4, the linear polarized beam 421 is incident on and traverses the quarter wave plate 420. The quarter wave plate 420 transforms the linear P-polarized light beam 421 to exit as a circularly polarized light beam 423. The linear P-polarized light beam 421 and the circularly polarized light 423 may have different polarization characteristics than those discussed here. Upon leaving the first optical isolator 330, the light beam 423 may travel to the first set of optics 340.
  • Figure 5 shows a first set of optics 340, according to at least one illustrated embodiment.
  • the first set of optics 340 can be employed in a beam expander, such as those described herein.
  • the first set of optics 340 may include one or more lenses 510 and one or more reflectors 520. In some implementations, the first set of optics 340 may include only the reflector 520. In some implementations, the lens(es) 510 may include two or more distinct lenses. As illustrated in Figure 5, an incoming light beam 501 may travel from a first optical isolator 330 as circularly polarized light, and then travel through the lens(es) 510 before being reflected by a reflector 520 as a reflected beam 502. The reflected beam 502 travels from the reflector 520 back to the lens(es) 510.
  • the reflected beam 502 passes through the lens(es) 510, exits the first set of optics 340, and travels back to the first optical isolator 330.
  • the polarization of the reflected beam 502 may be the same as the polarization of the incoming beam 501.
  • the lens(es) 510 may be any conventional optical lens or optical lens(es) positioned along the optical path traveled by the light beam coming from the first optical isolator 330.
  • lens(es) 510 may include one or more deformable lenses composed of an optically transparent or translucent element having a physical configuration or geometry that adjusts and/or deforms when exposed to an externally applied source of mechanical, electric (e.g., current, electrical potential or voltage), electromechanical, or electromagnetic energy, for example a fluidic lens with a variable focal length.
  • one or more lenses 510 may be housed in a flexible or pliable holder that accommodates changes in a physical size and/or shape of the lens 510 when the lens 510 deforms.
  • the lens(es) 510 may take the form or include a deformable lens that deforms when exposed to mechanical forces and/or electrical current.
  • the lens(es) 510 may take the form of or include a deformable lens that deforms when exposed to electromagnetic energy at a particular frequency, phase, or waveform, or within a particular frequency band.
  • Deforming the lens(es) 510 may further result in a focal length of the lens(es) 510 varying.
  • the physical deformation of at least one of the lens(es) 510, and the resulting variation of the focal length of the lens(es) 510 may be controlled or adjusted by subjecting or exposing at least one of the lens(es) 510 to electromagnetic energy, and controlling or adjusting the parameters of that electromagnetic energy.
  • a rate of response of a deformable lens may be on the order of hundreds or thousands of Hertz (e.g., 100 Hz to 10,000 Hz). Accordingly, in at least some implementations, lens(es) 510 may be deformed, and the resulting focal length of lens(es) 510 changed, hundreds or even thousands of times per second via the selective and controlled application of electromagnetic energy.
  • the first set of optics 340 may also include the reflector 520.
  • the reflector 520 may include one or more planar, convex, concave, spherical concave, spherical convex, or parabolic reflective elements.
  • the reflector 520 may include any number of reflective elements, some or all of which have a physical configuration or geometry that can be adjusted or deformed when exposed to an externally applied source of mechanical, electrical (e.g., current, electrical potential, or voltage), electromechanical, or electromagnetic energy.
  • the reflector 520 may be housed in a flexible or pliable holder that can accommodate changes in the physical size and/or shape of the reflector 520 when the reflector 520 deforms.
  • the reflector 520 may take the form of or include a deformable mirror that deforms when exposed to mechanical forces and/or electrical current.
  • the reflector 520 may take the form of or include a deformable mirror that deforms when exposed to electromagnetic energy at a particular frequency, phase, or waveform, or within a particular frequency band. Deforming the reflector 520 may further result in a focal length of the reflector 820 varying.
  • the physical deformation of the reflector 520, and the resulting variation of the focal length of the reflector 520 may be controlled or adjusted by subjecting or exposing the reflector 520 to electromagnetic energy, and controlling or adjusting the parameters of that electromagnetic energy.
  • the rate of response of a deformable mirror may be on the order of hundreds or thousands of Hertz (e.g., 100 Hz to 10,000 Hz). Accordingly, in at least some implementations, the reflector 520 may be deformed, and the resulting focal length of the reflector 520 changed, hundreds or even thousands of times per second via the selective and controlled application of electromagnetic energy.
  • the focal length of the first set of optics 340 may be varied by changing one or both of the focal lengths of the lens(es) 510 and the reflector 520. Further, the controller 301 may control the parameters for applying an external source of energy for deforming one or both of the lens(es) 510 and the reflector 520 to achieve a desired focal length for the first set of optics 340. As shown in Figure 5, the reflected beam 502 exits the first set of optics 340 to travel towards the first optical isolator 330.
  • Figure 6 shows a part of a beam expander, according to at least one illustrated embodiment, in which a first optical isolator receives a light beam that has traveled from a first lens group.
  • the light beam 601 may be the same as the reflected beam 502 that exits the first set of optics 340; as shown in Figure 6, the light beam 601 may be circularly polarized when it enters the first optical isolator 330 where the light beam 601 may first be incident on the quarter wave plate 420. Because the light beam 601 is circularly polarized in this implementation, the quarter wave plate 420 functions to turn the polarization of the output light beam back to linear polarization.
  • the light beam 601 may be turned into a linear (S-polarized) light beam 602.
  • the linearly polarized light beam 602 may then travel to the beam splitter 410.
  • the beam splitter 410 may reflect the linearly polarized light beam 602, directing the linear polarized light beam 602 on an optical path towards the second optical isolator 350.
  • Figure 7 shows the second optical isolator 350, according to at least one implementation.
  • the second optical isolator 350 can be employed in a beam expander, such as those described herein.
  • the second optical isolator 350 receives an input beam 701 that may have previously traversed the first optical isolator 330.
  • the input beam 701 may be the same as the linearly polarized light beam 602.
  • the input beam 701 may be a linearly S-polarized light beam when it enters the second optical isolator 350.
  • the illustrated second optical isolator 350 may include a beam splitter 710 and a quarter wave plate 720.
  • the beam splitter 710 may take the form of a polarization beam splitter, for instance in the shape of a cube.
  • the input beam 701 enters the beam splitter 710 and travels to an internal reflective layer 712.
  • the internal reflective layer 712 may comprise one or more coatings (e.g., half silvered, aluminum, adhesive, resin) that allow only part of a light beam to pass through while reflecting the remaining part of the incident light beam.
  • the internal layer 712 may include one or more birefringent materials that split an incident light beam into different polarizations and/or dichoric materials that split the incident light into separate wavelengths.
  • the internal reflective layer 712 may reflect light of a certain type of polarization, allowing remaining light to pass through.
  • the beam splitter 710 for example, reflects linearly S-polarized light from the input beam 701 at an angle towards the quarter wave plate 720 and allows the remaining light to pass through.
  • the second optical isolator 350 may also include a quarter wave plate
  • linear input beam 701 is incident on and traverses the quarter wave plate 720.
  • the quarter wave plate 720 transforms the linear S-polarize light beam 701 to exit as a circularly polarized light beam 702.
  • the linear S-polarized light beam 701 and the circularly polarized light beam 702 may have different polarization characteristics than those discussed here.
  • the light beam 702 may travel to the second set of optics 360.
  • Figure 8 shows a second set of optics 360, according to at least one implemented embodiment.
  • the second reflector set can be employed in a beam expander, such as those described herein.
  • the second set of optics 360 may include one or more lenses 810 and one or more reflectors 820.
  • the lens(es) 810 may include two or more distinct lenses.
  • an incoming light beam 801 may travel from a second optical isolator 350 as circularly polarized light and then travel through the lens(es) 810 before being reflected by the reflector 820 as a reflected beam 802.
  • the reflected beam 802 travels from the reflector 820 back to lens(es) 810.
  • the reflected beam 802 passes through lens(es) 810, exits the second set of optics 360, and travels back to the second optical isolator 350.
  • the polarization of the reflected beam 802 may be the same as the polarization of the incoming beam 801.
  • the lens(es) 810 may be any conventional optical lens or optical lenses positioned along the optical path traveled by the light beam coming from the second optical isolator 350.
  • lens(es) 810 may include one or more deformable lenses composed of an optically transparent or translucent element having a physical configuration or geometry that adjusts and/or deforms when exposed to an externally applied source of mechanical, electric (e.g., current, electrical potential or voltage), electromechanical, or electromagnetic energy, for example, a fluidic lens with a variable focal length.
  • one or more lenses 810 e.g., deformable lens(es)
  • the lens(es) 810 may take the form of or include a deformable lens that deforms when exposed to electromagnetic energy at a particular frequency, phase, or waveform, or within a particular frequency band. Deforming the lens(es) 810 may further result in a focal length of the lens(es) 810 varying.
  • the physical deformation of at least one of the lens(es) 810, and the resulting variation of the focal length of the lens(es) 810 may be controlled or adjusted by subjecting or exposing at least one of the lens(es) 810 to electromagnetic energy, and controlling or adjusting the parameters of that electromagnetic energy.
  • lens(es) 810 may be deformed, and the resulting focal length of lens(es) 810 changed, hundreds or even thousands of times per second via the selective and controlled application of electromagnetic energy.
  • the second set of optics 360 may also include the reflector 820.
  • the reflector 820 may include one or more planar, convex, concave, spherical concave, spherical convex, or parabolic reflective elements.
  • the reflector 820 may include any number of reflective elements, some or all of which have a physical configuration or geometry that can be adjusted or deformed when exposed to an externally applied source of mechanical, electrical (e.g., current, electrical potential, or voltage), electromechanical, or electromagnetic energy, for example a fluidic lens with a variable focal length.
  • the reflector 820 may be housed in a flexible or pliable holder that can accommodate changes in the physical size and/or shape of the reflector 820 when the reflector 810 deforms.
  • the reflector 820 may take the form of or include a deformable mirror that deforms when exposed to mechanical forces and/or electrical current.
  • the reflector 820 may take the form of or include a deformable mirror that deforms when exposed to electromagnetic energy at a particular frequency, phase, or waveform, or within a particular frequency band. Deforming the reflector 810 may further result in a focal length of the reflector 810 varying.
  • the physical deformation of the reflector 820, and the resulting variation of the focal length of the reflector 810 may be controlled or adjusted by subjecting or exposing the reflector 820 to electromagnetic energy, and controlling or adjusting the parameters of that electromagnetic energy.
  • a rate of response of a deformable mirror may be on the order of hundreds or thousands of Hertz (e.g., 100 Hz to 10,000 Hz).
  • the reflector 820 may be deformed, and the resulting focal length of the reflector 820 changed, hundreds or even thousands of times per second via the selective and controlled application of electromagnetic energy.
  • the focal length of the second set of optics 360 may be varied by changing one or both of the focal lengths of the lens(es) 810 and the reflector 820. Further, the controller 301 may control the parameters for applying an external source of energy for deforming one or both of the lens(es) 810 and the reflector 820 to achieve a desired focal length for the second set of optics 360. As shown in Figure 8, the reflected beam 802 exits the second set of optics 360 to travel towards the second optical isolator 350.
  • Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of a part of a beam expander, according to at least one illustrated embodiment, in which the second optical isolator 350 receives a light beam 901 that has traveled from the second set of optics 360.
  • the light beam 901 may be the same as the reflected beam 802; as shown in Figure 9, the light beam 901 may be circularly polarized when it enters the second optical isolator 350 where the light beam 901 may first be incident on the quarter wave plate 720. Because the light beam 901 is circularly polarized in this implementation, the quarter wave plate 720 turns the polarization of the output light beam back to linear polarization.
  • the light beam 901 may be turned into a linearly (P-polarized) light beam 902.
  • the linearly polarized light beam 902 may then travel to the beam splitter 710.
  • the beam splitter 710 allows the linearly polarized light beam 902 to pass through without being reflected.
  • the light beam 902 thus exits the second optical isolator 350.
  • the beam expander 300 may include a controller 301.
  • the controller 301 may include any one or more of a variety of processors 302 and one or more nontransitory controller-readable media 303 communicatively coupled to the processor(s) 302.
  • the processor(s) 302 may, for example, include one or more single or multi-core microprocessors, central processing units (CPUs), microcontrollers, digital signal processors (DSPs), graphics processing units (GPUs), application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), and/or programmable gate arrays (PGAs).
  • CPUs central processing units
  • DSPs digital signal processors
  • GPUs graphics processing units
  • ASICs application specific integrated circuits
  • PGAs programmable gate arrays
  • nontransitory controller-readable media 303 may include any one or more of a variety of memories or storage devices that store at least one of processor-executable instructions and/or data.
  • Memories may include one or more volatile memories, for example random access memory (RAM) and/or one or more non-volatile memories, for example read only memory (ROM), flash memory.
  • RAM random access memory
  • ROM read only memory
  • the memory may be fixed in the controller or removable (e.g., SD card).
  • the storage devices can include one or more spinning media devices, for example a hard disk drive and hard disk and/or an optical disk drive and optical disk.
  • the storage devices can additionally or alternatively include solid state storage, for example a solid state drive (SSD).
  • SSD solid state drive
  • the controller 301 receives one or more inputs, for example inputs from a user and/or inputs from one or more sensors, and processes the inputs.
  • the controller 301 provides a number of outputs, including outputs that control one or more of the components of the beam expander 300 (e.g., the first set of optics 340, the second set of optics 360).
  • the controller 301 may be communicatively coupled, directly or indirectly (e.g., via various drivers, terminals, nodes, interfaces and/or actuators) to the components of the beam expander 300
  • the controller may generate signals to cause electromagnetically deforming of at least one of the deformable optic (e.g., deformable lenses and/or deformable mirrors) in either or both of the first set of optics 340 and the second set of optics 360 such that the focal length of either or both of the first set of optics 340 and the second set of optics 360 changes.
  • the deformable optic e.g., deformable lenses and/or deformable mirrors
  • the controller 301 may be a processor circuit that generates a control signal or control output supplied to one or more final control elements (e.g., electrodes, grids of electrodes, actuators, solenoids, electric motors) that control one or more parameters and/or supply of all or a portion of the force and/or energy (e.g., electro electromagnetic energy) used to deform the second deformable reflective element.
  • final control elements e.g., electrodes, grids of electrodes, actuators, solenoids, electric motors
  • energy e.g., electro electromagnetic energy
  • some or all of the functionality of the controller 301 may be located in or proximate to the beam expander 300. In some implementations, at least part of the functionality of the controller 301 may be performed remotely from the other components of the beam expander 300. In at least some implementations, the controller 301 may communicate with the other components in the beam expander 300 using one or more communication devices, channels and/or networks. In some implementations, at least a portion of the power used by the controller 301 to deform the components of the beam expander 300 may be provided by an external power source such as an energy storage device or from an external power grid. The deformable elements in the first set of optics 340 and the second set of optics 360 may be individually controllable by the controller 301.
  • each of the deformable elements permits the variable focal length of the first reflector set and the variable focal length of the second set of optics 360 to be individually set at any number of focal lengths.
  • the controller 301 can alter, adjust, or control the deformation of the deformable elements of the first set of optics 340 and the second set of optics 360 to provide an output beam of varying lateral dimension.
  • the controller 301 may provide signals that synchronously vary the focal length of the first set of optics 340 and the focal length of the second set of optics 360 such that the sum of both focal lengths remains constant.
  • the controller 301 may vary the focal length of the first set of optics 340 by selectively deforming one or more deformable components of the lens(es) 510 and the reflector 520 within the first set of optics 340.
  • the controller 301 may vary the focal length of the second set of optics 360 by selectively deforming one or more deformable components of the lens(es) 810 and the reflector 820 within the second set of optics 360.
  • the controller 301 may vary the lateral dimension of the output beam 312 even when the lateral dimension of the input beam 311 remains constant.
  • Figure 10 shows an implementation in which the beam expander 300 includes an X-Y scanner 1010.
  • the X-Y scanner 1010 may be a galvanometric mirror scanning system or any other X-Y scanning system that can be used to scan a light beam side-to-side (x-axis) and/or up-and-down (y-axis).
  • the controller 301 may transmit signals to the X-Y scanner 1010 that result in X-Y scanner 1010 scanning the output beam 312 along the x-axis and along the y-axis.
  • the X-Y scanner 1010 may be placed in various locations of the optical path of the input light beam 31 1 and/or the output beam 312.
  • the X-Y scanner 1010 may be positioned in the optical path of the output light beam 312 after the output light beam travels from the second set of optics 360 and exits through the second optical isolator 350.
  • the controller 301 may provide signals to vary the lateral dimension 322 of the output beam 312 in real-time at the same time as the controller 301 provides signals to scan the output beam 312 along the x-axis and/or the y-axis.
  • the X-Y scanner 1010 may be placed in the optical path of the incoming beam 31 1 before it first enters the first optical isolator 330.
  • the lateral dimension 322 of the output beam 312 may be inversely proportional to the angle at which the output beam 312 exits the beam expander 300.
  • an output beam with a relatively large lateral dimension would exit the beam expander 300 at a smaller angle than an output beam having a comparatively smaller lateral dimension.
  • Figure 1 1 shows an implementation of a beam expander 300 that has an f-theta lens 1 1 10.
  • the output beam displacement equals f*0, where ⁇ is an angle of incidence of the beam of light entering the f-theta lens 1 1 10 and /is a focal length of the f-theta lens 1 1 10.
  • an angular velocity of the beam of light entering the f-theta lens may be directly proportional to an angular velocity of a beam of light exiting the f-theta lens ⁇ e.g.
  • the output beam 3 12 allowing the output beam 312 to be scanned at a constant angular velocity when the components of the X-Y scanner 1010 rotate at a constant angular velocity.
  • the f-theta lens 1 1 10 may be placed in the optical path of the output beam 312 after the output beam 3 12 reflects from the X-Y scanner 1010.
  • the beam expander 300 may focus the output beam 3 12 in the Z-axis, the direction in which the output beam 312 propagates.
  • the controller 301 may send signals to one or more components in the beam expander 300 such that output beam 312 is convergent light or divergent light, instead of collimated light.
  • the controller 301 may instruct that the sum of the focal length of the first set of optics 340 and the focal length of the second set of optics 360 varies such that: f ! + f 2 ⁇ t
  • the controller 301 may send control signals to the first set of optics 340 and the second set of optics 360 that result in the output beam 312 being convergent, with a point of convergence in the Z- axis.
  • the controller 301 may send control signals to the first set of optics 340 and the second set of optics 360 to vary one or both of their respective focal lengths to vary the point of convergence of the output beam 312 along the Z-axis.
  • the beam expander 300 may be used to perform adaptive scanning.
  • the beam expander 300 may include the X-Y scanner 1010 and the f-theta lens 1110 both placed in the optical path of the output beam 312.
  • the beam expander 300 can rapidly change magnification, thus changing the lateral dimension 322 of the output beam 312.
  • the beam expander 300 may also quickly change the divergence or convergence of the output beam 312 allowing the output beam 312 to be focused in the Z-direction.
  • the changes to the lateral dimension 322, and to the divergence or the convergence, of the output beam 312 may be performed in real-time by the controller 301 providing signals to deform at least one component in one or both of the first set of optics 340 and the second set of optics 360, thus changing one or both of the focal lengths in the first set of optics 340 and the second set of optics 360.
  • the beam expander 300 may thus be used to complete 2-D or 3-D scanning of the surrounding environment by changing the divergence and/or the lateral dimension 322 of the output beam 312.
  • the beam expander 300 may allow for real-time variation in divergence/convergence, lateral dimension, and position of the output beam 312. Varying these values may be used in those situations in which there is a variable distance to a target, as well as situations involving various target reflectivities in 3-D space. Possible applications for adaptive scanning include laser radar (LIDAR) and range finders. Other uses may include the laser scanning technologies, such as those used for example in autonomous vehicles, surveillance, and 3-D mapping. The beam expander 300 may also be used in other situations requiring the output beam 312 to be quickly focused in the Z-axis.
  • LIDAR laser radar
  • range finders Other uses may include the laser scanning technologies, such as those used for example in autonomous vehicles, surveillance, and 3-D mapping.
  • the beam expander 300 may also be used in other situations requiring the output beam 312 to be quickly focused in the Z-axis.
  • beam expander may use either or both of the X-Y scanner 1010 and the f-theta lens 1110 to quickly change the direction of propagation of the output light beam 312 while varying the focus of the output beam 312 in the Z-axis. Uses for this capability may be found, for example, in laser machining, ophthalmic laser surgery systems, and optical coherent tomography.
  • the beam expander 300 may include fewer components than those depicted in Figure 3. For example, in some situations, the beam expander 300 may not include the lens(es) 510 within the first set of optics 340.
  • a focal length of the first set of optics 340 may depend on the focal length of the reflector 520.
  • the beam expander 300 may not include the lens(es) 810 within the second set of optics 360.
  • a focal length of the second set of optics 360 may depend on the focal length of the reflector 820.
  • one or both of lens(es) 510 and lens(es) 810 may be replaced with other optical elements such as fixed curvature mirrors or diffractive optics.
  • Figure shows an example method 1200 to operate an optical system that includes a first reflector set and a second reflector set to vary a lateral dimension of an output beam of light, according to at least one illustrated embodiment.
  • method 1200 will be discussed with reference to the beam expander 300 of Figure 3, the method 1200 can be performed by other systems of the present disclosure, as well.
  • the method 1200 will be discussed as implemented by a controller that controls and/or is a component of the beam expander 300, but can be implemented by one or more other components of the beam expander 300.
  • Method 1200 begins at 1202.
  • At 1202 at least one component of the beam expander 300 performs a magnification scheme that results in a desired change to a lateral dimension of an output beam of light.
  • the controller can load or retrieve from a non-transitory memory a set of instructions that, when executed by the controller, causes the controller to implement a sequence of deformations of one or more deformable optical elements to dynamically change one or more focal lengths, and thus dynamically change the magnification, provided by the beam expander 300.
  • the controller may determine the values of the signals to be sent to the first set of optics 340 and the second set of optics 360 to implement the sequence of deformations. In some implementations, the controller may calculate a
  • the controller may determine the signals to be sent to the first set of optics 340 and the second set of optics 360 to deform the first set of optics 340 and the second set of optics 360 from a first state to a second state that results in the desired magnification.
  • the sum of the focal length of the first set of optics 340 and the focal length of the second reflector set may be equal in the first state and the second state.
  • the controller operates one or both of the first set of optics 340 and the second set of optics 360 to vary the magnification of the beam expander 300.
  • the instructions loaded at 1202 can be executed using the values determined at 1204 to dynamically deform one or more deformable elements of one or both of the first set of optics 340 and the second set of optics 360.
  • the controller may synchronously deform the first set of optics 340 and the second set of optics 360 from a first state to a second state such that the sum of the focal length of the first set of optics 340 and the focal length of the second set of optics 360 in the first state equals the sum of the focal length of the first set of optics 340 and the focal length of the second set of optics 360 in the second state.
  • the controller 301 may control the synchronous deformation of the first set of optics 340 and the second set of optics 360 such that the sum of the focal length of the first set of optics 340 and the second set of optics 360 remains constant as the first set of optics 340 and second set of optics 360 transition from the first state to the second state.
  • Method 1200 ends after 1206.
  • Figure shows an example method 1300 to operate an optical system that includes a first reflector set and a second reflector set to focus an output beam of light along the direction of propagation of the output beam of light, according to at least one illustrated embodiment.
  • method 1300 will be discussed with reference to the beam expander 300 of Figure 3, the method 1300 can be performed by other systems of the present disclosure, as well.
  • the method 1300 will be discussed as implemented by a controller that controls and/or is a component of the beam expander 300, but can be implemented by one or more other components of the beam expander 300.
  • Method 1300 begins at 1302.
  • At 1302, at least one component of the beam expander 300 performs a magnification scheme that results in a desired change to a location or distance for a point of convergence for a convergent output beam of light.
  • the controller can load or retrieve from a non-transitory memory a set of instructions that, when executed by the controller, causes the controller to implement a sequence of deformations of one or more deformable optical elements to dynamically change one or more focal lengths, and thus dynamically change the point of convergence provided by the beam expander 300.
  • the controller may determine the values of the signals to be sent to the first set of optics 340 and the second set of optics 360 to implement the sequence of deformations.
  • the controller may calculate focal lengths for the first set of optics 340 and the second set of optics 360 that result in the desired location of convergence for the output beam of light. Using the calculated focal lengths, the controller may determine the signals to be sent to the first set of optics 340 and the second set of optics 360 to deform the first set of optics 340 and the second set of optics 360 from a first state to a second state to result in the desired point of convergence.
  • the controller operates one or both of the first set of optics 340 and the second set of optics 360 to vary the respective focal lengths of the first set of optics 340 and the second set of optics 360.
  • the instructions loaded at 1302 can be executed using the values determined at 1304 to dynamically deform one or more deformable elements of one or both of the first set of optics 340 and the second set of optics 360.
  • the controller may deform the first set of optics 340 and the second set of optics 360 to sweep the point of convergence of the output beam of light along the Z-axis (e.g., along the direction of propagation) for the output beam of light.
  • Method 1300 ends after 1306.
  • Figure 14 shows an example method 1400 to operate an optical system that includes a first reflector set and a second reflector set to change a lateral dimension for an output beam of light while sweeping the output beam of light along the X-axis and/or Y-axis, according to at least one illustrated embodiment.
  • method 1400 will be discussed with reference to the beam expander 300 of Figure 3, the method 1400 can be performed by other systems of the present disclosure, as well.
  • the method 1400 will be discussed as implemented by a controller that controls and/or is a component of the beam expander 300, but can be implemented by one or more other components of the beam expander 300.
  • Method 1400 begins at 1402.
  • At 1402 at least one component of the beam expander 300 performs a magnification and directional scheme that results in a desired change to a lateral dimension of an output beam of light being output in a desired direction.
  • the controller can load or retrieve from a non-transitory memory a set of instructions that, when executed by the controller, causes the controller to implement a sequence of deformations of one or more deformable optical elements to dynamically change one or more focal lengths, and thus dynamically change the magnification, provided by the beam expander 300.
  • the controller can also load or retrieve from a non-transitory memory a set of instructions that, when executed by the controller, causes the controller to send a sequence of control signals to an X-Y scanner to dynamically change a direction of propagation of the output beam of light provided by the beam expander 300.
  • the controller may determine the values of the signals to be sent to the first set of optics 340 and the second set of optics 360 to implement the sequence of deformations. In some implementations, the controller may calculate a
  • the controller may determine the signals to be sent to the first set of optics 340 and the second set of optics 360 to deform the first set of optics 340 and the second set of optics 360 from a first state to a second state that results in the desired magnification.
  • the sum of the focal length of the first set of optics 340 and the focal length of the second reflector set may be equal in the first state and the second state.
  • the controller may determine the values of the signals to be sent to the X-Y scanner 1010 to control the direction of propagation for the output beam of light.
  • the signals may result in the components of the X-Y scanner 1010 moving from a first state to a second state that results in the desired direction of propagation.
  • the output beam of light from the X-Y scanner 1010 may traverse an f-theta lens before exiting the beam expander 300.
  • the controller may take into account the impact of additional components, such as an f-theta lens, that may be included in the optical path of the output beam of light when those additional components impact the direction of propagation for the output beam of light.
  • 1406 may occur before, after, or simultaneously with 1404.
  • the controller operates one or both of the first set of optics 340 and the second set of optics 360 to vary the respective focal lengths of the first set of optics 340 and the second set of optics 360.
  • the instructions loaded at 1402 can be executed using the values determined at 1404 to dynamically deform one or more deformable elements of one or both of the first set of optics 340 and the second set of optics 360.
  • the controller may deform the first set of optics 340 and the second set of optics 360 from a first state to a second state such that the sum of the focal length of the first set of optics 340 and the focal length of the second set of optics 360 in the second state at a second time (e.g., at an end of an adjustment) equals the sum of the focal length of the first set of optics 340 and the focal length of the second set of optics 360 in the first state at a first time (e.g., at a start of an adjustment).
  • a second time e.g., at an end of an adjustment
  • the controller may synchronously deform the first set of optics 340 and the second set of optics 360 from a first state to a second state such that the sum of the focal length of the first set of optics 340 and the focal length of the second set of optics 360 in the first state equals the sum of the focal length of the first set of optics 340 and the focal length of the second set of optics 360 in the second state.
  • the controller 301 may control the synchronous deformation of the first set of optics 340 and the second set of optics 360 such that the sum of the focal length of the first set of optics 340 and the second set of optics 360 remains constant as the first set of optics 340 and second set of optics 360 transition from the first state to the second state.
  • the controller operates the X-Y scanner 1010 to vary the direction of propagation for the output beam.
  • the instructions loaded at 1402 can be executed using the values determined at 1406 to dynamically modify the positon of the X-Y scanner 1010.
  • 1410 may occur before, after, or simultaneously with 1408
  • Method 1400 ends after 1408.
  • Figure 15 shows an example method 1500 to operate an optical system that includes a first reflector set and a second reflector to change a point of convergence for an output beam of light while sweeping the output beam of light along the X-axis and/or Y-axis, according to at least one illustrated embodiment.
  • method 1500 will be discussed with reference to the beam expander 300 of Figure 3, the method 1500 can be performed by other systems of the present disclosure, as well.
  • the method 1500 will be discussed as implemented by a controller that controls and/or is a component of the beam expander 300, but can be implemented by one or more other components of the beam expander 300.
  • Method 1500 begins at 1502.
  • At 1502 at least one component of the beam expander 300 performs a magnification and directional scheme that results in a desired change to a location or distance for a point of convergence for a convergent output beam of light being output in a desired direction.
  • the controller can load or retrieve from a non- transitory memory a set of instructions that, when executed by the controller, causes the controller to implement a sequence of deformations of one or more deformable optical elements to dynamically change one or more focal lengths, and thus dynamically change the point of convergence, provided by the beam expander 300.
  • the controller can also load or retrieve from a non-transitory memory a set of instructions that, when executed by the controller, causes the controller to send a sequence of control signals to an X-Y scanner to dynamically change a direction of propagation of the output beam of light provided by the beam expander 300.
  • the controller may determine the values of the signals to be sent to the first set of optics 340 and the second set of optics 360 to implement the sequence of deformations.
  • the controller may calculate focal lengths for the first set of optics 340 and the second set of optics 360 that result in the desired location of convergence for the output beam of light. Using the calculated focal lengths, the controller may determine the signals to be sent to the first set of optics 340 and the second set of optics 360 to deform the first set of optics 340 and the second set of optics 360 from a first state to a second state to result in the desired point of convergence.
  • the controller may determine the values of the signals to be sent to the X-Y scanner 1010 to control the direction of propagation for the output beam of light.
  • the signals may result in the components of the X-Y scanner 1010 moving from a first state to a second state that results in the desired direction of propagation.
  • the output beam of light from the X-Y scanner 1010 may traverse an f-theta lens before exiting the beam expander 300.
  • the controller may take into account the impact of additional components, such as an f-theta lens, that may be included in the optical path of the output beam of light when those additional components impact the direction of propagation for the output beam of light.
  • 1506 may occur before, after, or simultaneously with 1504.
  • the controller operates one or both of the first set of optics 340 and the second set of optics 360 to vary the respective focal lengths of the first set of optics 340 and the second set of optics 360.
  • the instructions loaded at 1502 can be executed using the values determined at 1504 to dynamically deform one or more deformable elements of one or both of the first set of optics 340 and the second set of optics 360.
  • the controller may synchronously deform the first set of optics 340 and the second set of optics 360 to sweep the point of convergence of the output beam of light along the Z-axis (e.g., along the direction of propagation) for the output beam of light.
  • the controller operates the X-Y scanner 1010 to vary the direction of propagation for the output beam.
  • the instructions loaded at 1502 can be executed using the values determined at 1506 to dynamically modify the positon of the X-Y scanner 1010.
  • 1510 may occur before, after, or simultaneously with 1508.
  • Method 1500 ends after 1508.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Optical Elements Other Than Lenses (AREA)
  • Mechanical Light Control Or Optical Switches (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un expanseur de faisceau qui modifie de façon dynamique les distances focales d'éléments optiques pour effectuer un changement dynamique de grossissement. Le changement dynamique de grossissement permet à l'expanseur de faisceau de faire varier de façon dynamique une dimension latérale d'un faisceau de sortie. Un ou plusieurs éléments optiques déformables sont commandés pour ajuster la distance focale, par exemple en modifiant de façon synchrone une distance focale respective d'un premier et un deuxième ensemble d'éléments optiques (<i />par exemple, un réflecteur déformable, des lentilles) de sorte que la somme des distances focales reste constante. Cela permet une variation rapide de la dimension latérale du faisceau de sortie. Les éléments optiques déformables peuvent se déformer sous l'effet d'une énergie électromagnétique, d'un potentiel électrique ou d'un champ magnétique appliqué, de façon à permettre une réponse rapide.
PCT/US2017/055357 2016-10-06 2017-10-05 Expanseur de faisceau à grossissement variable avec capacité de zoom et de focalisation ultra-rapide utilisant un élément optique adaptatif Ceased WO2018067828A1 (fr)

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US62/405,060 2016-10-06

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CN110045496A (zh) * 2019-03-29 2019-07-23 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 一种钠导星激光大气链路补偿系统
CN110927969A (zh) * 2019-12-09 2020-03-27 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 光学显示系统和显示装置
US20220317423A1 (en) * 2021-03-31 2022-10-06 Optotune Consumer Ag Optical zoom system
EP4246207A1 (fr) * 2022-03-15 2023-09-20 Consejo Superior De Investigaciones Científicas Appareil et procédé de déplacement et/ou de modification de la direction d'un axe de faisceau lumineux
CN119030598A (zh) * 2024-08-01 2024-11-26 上海国科航星量子科技有限公司 一种无焦光学系统扩束比测量方法及装置

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CN110045496A (zh) * 2019-03-29 2019-07-23 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 一种钠导星激光大气链路补偿系统
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WO2023175052A1 (fr) 2022-03-15 2023-09-21 Consejo Superior De Investigaciones Científicas Appareil et procédé pour déplacer et/ou changer une direction d'un axe de faisceau lumineux
CN119030598A (zh) * 2024-08-01 2024-11-26 上海国科航星量子科技有限公司 一种无焦光学系统扩束比测量方法及装置

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