[go: up one dir, main page]

WO2017207735A1 - Dispositifs - Google Patents

Dispositifs Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2017207735A1
WO2017207735A1 PCT/EP2017/063397 EP2017063397W WO2017207735A1 WO 2017207735 A1 WO2017207735 A1 WO 2017207735A1 EP 2017063397 W EP2017063397 W EP 2017063397W WO 2017207735 A1 WO2017207735 A1 WO 2017207735A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
cell
electrode
cell according
layer
lithium
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/EP2017/063397
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Girts Vitins
Gary Owen Mepsted
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Qinetiq Ltd
Original Assignee
Qinetiq Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Qinetiq Ltd filed Critical Qinetiq Ltd
Priority to US16/305,650 priority Critical patent/US11251483B2/en
Priority to EP17727869.4A priority patent/EP3465813A1/fr
Publication of WO2017207735A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017207735A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
    • H01G11/22—Electrodes
    • H01G11/30—Electrodes characterised by their material
    • H01G11/32—Carbon-based
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/04—Construction or manufacture in general
    • H01M10/0459—Cells or batteries with folded separator between plate-like electrodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
    • H01G11/04—Hybrid capacitors
    • H01G11/06—Hybrid capacitors with one of the electrodes allowing ions to be reversibly doped thereinto, e.g. lithium ion capacitors [LIC]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
    • H01G11/10—Multiple hybrid or EDL capacitors, e.g. arrays or modules
    • H01G11/12—Stacked hybrid or EDL capacitors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
    • H01G11/22—Electrodes
    • H01G11/30—Electrodes characterised by their material
    • H01G11/50—Electrodes characterised by their material specially adapted for lithium-ion capacitors, e.g. for lithium-doping or for intercalation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
    • H01G11/52—Separators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
    • H01G11/54—Electrolytes
    • H01G11/56—Solid electrolytes, e.g. gels; Additives therein
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
    • H01G11/78—Cases; Housings; Encapsulations; Mountings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
    • H01G11/78—Cases; Housings; Encapsulations; Mountings
    • H01G11/82—Fixing or assembling a capacitive element in a housing, e.g. mounting electrodes, current collectors or terminals in containers or encapsulations
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
    • H01G11/84—Processes for the manufacture of hybrid or EDL capacitors, or components thereof
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/04—Construction or manufacture in general
    • H01M10/0436—Small-sized flat cells or batteries for portable equipment
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/04—Construction or manufacture in general
    • H01M10/045—Cells or batteries with folded plate-like electrodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/058—Construction or manufacture
    • H01M10/0583—Construction or manufacture of accumulators with folded construction elements except wound ones, i.e. folded positive or negative electrodes or separators, e.g. with "Z"-shaped electrodes or separators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
    • H01M4/66—Selection of materials
    • H01M4/661—Metal or alloys, e.g. alloy coatings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/116—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by the material
    • H01M50/117—Inorganic material
    • H01M50/119—Metals
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/116—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by the material
    • H01M50/121—Organic material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/116—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by the material
    • H01M50/124—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by the material having a layered structure
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/131—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by physical properties, e.g. gas permeability, size or heat resistance
    • H01M50/136—Flexibility or foldability
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/14—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings for protecting against damage caused by external factors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/172—Arrangements of electric connectors penetrating the casing
    • H01M50/174—Arrangements of electric connectors penetrating the casing adapted for the shape of the cells
    • H01M50/178—Arrangements of electric connectors penetrating the casing adapted for the shape of the cells for pouch or flexible bag cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M6/00—Primary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M6/14—Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M6/16—Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte with organic electrolyte
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
    • H01M2004/027—Negative electrodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/30—Batteries in portable systems, e.g. mobile phone, laptop
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to thin, lightweight, flexible/ conformable/ pliable
  • electrochemical cells as well as wearable/lightweight devices incorporating them and their method of production. It particularly relates to electrochemical cells using lithium or lithium-ion based chemistries.
  • preferred power sources include "soft pack” or pouch cells, which are thin and flexible and can attain high energy densities.
  • Aqueous chemistry cells have flexibility but the chemistry means they provide much less energy and at lower voltage so are unsuitable for use in lightweight /wearable devices.
  • Solid-state Li-ion batteries are manufactured using expensive semi-conductor deposition techniques.
  • the cells are very thin and flexible but capacities are much too low for use in wearable devices.
  • Ultra-thin lithium rechargeable batteries for card-type applications can be exceptionally thin at about 0.05mm and can be bent or twisted without damage.
  • EP 1 440 487 [Eveready] describes a flexible thin tabless battery prepared from a lithium foil sheet anode layer, an iron pyrite cathode, and a polypropylene membrane separator layer wherein the electrode contacts are integral with the housing or packaging material.
  • Electrodes Internal contacts for the electrodes are formed from a first and a second distinct sheet of laminate heat sealed together. Both electrode layers include an outer packaging function.
  • EP 2 534 713 [QinetiQ] describes a thin electrochemical cell prepared from first and second laminated sheets, each sheet providing an outermost layer intended to provide a respective external face of the cell having an outer packaging function, a coextensive innermost conductive layer intended to act as the current collector layer with one conductive layer supporting an electrode layer and the other acting as the active electrode layer.
  • Cells having sealed perimeter margins on 4 sides typically achieve discharge efficiencies in excess of 95%.
  • the present invention provides a thin electrochemical cell, powered devices and methods of manufacture therefore, as defined in the appended claims.
  • Fig. 1 is a representation of the flexible cell structure in a plan view and cross section of a bonded foil laminate cell with an internal anode with 3 - sided seal margins;
  • Fig. 2A and Figure 2B are an exploded cross sectional view of the cell of Fig 1.
  • Fig. 3 shows a table of comparative data namely a comparison of a comparator power cell prepared from two separate/ laminate sheets (4 - sided seal) cell and a power cell according to the invention prepared from a single laminate sheet (3 - sided seal).
  • a comparator power cell prepared from two separate/ laminate sheets (4 - sided seal) cell and a power cell according to the invention prepared from a single laminate sheet (3 - sided seal).
  • only one electrode layer performs a packaging function. This is achieved by a single outer electrode layer and separator layer arranged as a fold or wrap around the opposite inner electrode so as to enclose it.
  • the outer electrode face or coat layer (for example anode coat as in Figure 1 and Figure 2B) is directly deposited on the inner surface of the cell packaging.
  • This electrode face or coat can be modified with a gap of an uncoated region 0.2 - 0.7 mm or 0.3 - 0.6 mm or 0.4 - 0.5 mm wide in the fold line in order to facilitate a lower fold radius and better compactness as well as a lower thickness of the cell in the fold area.
  • the arrangement of the present invention therefore includes as part of the perimeter of the cell a folded edge region which thereby reduces the areas on the cell perimeter where shorting between opposite electrodes can typically take place.
  • the new folded electrode layer arrangement has proven effective in eliminating short circuit risk, a problem which is relatively common in cell arrangements where both cathode and anode electrode layers have an external packaging function which leads to increased exposure to shorting at external perimeter edges. This new feature is particularly advantageous for wearable technology.
  • a particular benefit of the cells and devices of the present invention is that in principle any battery chemistry can be used.
  • a further benefit of the invention is a reduced cost of materials and less waste given the simplicity of production and effective electrode production. With reduced layers, thin, flexible cells are enabled which can be repeatedly flexed and conformable, i.e. pliable, for example to a particular curved or other nonplanar shape.
  • preferred cathode electrode material is selected from LiCo0 2 , LiNio.8Coo.15Alo.05O2 , LiMn 2 0 4 , LiFeP0 4 and their derivatives.
  • the anode electrode material is selected from graphite, graphite-silicon composite, Li 4 Ti 5 0i 2 .
  • the preferred cathode materials include CFx, Mn02 and FeS2 and for anode material Lithium coated or rolled onto Cu substrate (laminate).
  • Preferred electrode inks and coatings include LiCo02 as the cathode active material and carbon (graphite) powder as the anode material.
  • a particular benefit of the improved cells of the present invention is a reduced footprint with increased energy per unit area.
  • the cell of the invention provides a single sealable layer in a fold/wrap round configuration offering a reduced sealing area which has achieved at least a doubling of energy per unit area.
  • Other benefits include, improved performance, in particular improved concentration
  • the cells of the present invention offer good life cycles, especially with lower capacity range. For example a lithium-ion can be stored for 3 - 4 months.
  • laminated sheets having a protective layer on one face and a coterminous conductive layer on the other face that can act as a current collecting layer.
  • laminated sheet is used herein broadly to cover an arrangement where layers are laminated together or otherwise attached together or built up on top of each other to form a final sheet product.
  • the laminate needs to provide a moisture barrier and a protective function.
  • the conductive layer may provide the only moisture barrier protection or other moisture barrier layers may be provided to prevent moisture loss (e.g. from aqueous batteries) or ingress (e.g. non-aqueous batteries).
  • the electrolyte layer in any cell separates a pair of positive and negative electrodes from contacting one another and comprises the electrolyte that interacts with the electrodes to create an electric current.
  • the electrolyte layer in the cell according to the present invention may comprise a dry polymer electrolyte or a polymer gel electrolyte and may itself act as the separator.
  • the electrolyte layer may comprise a semipermeable or porous membrane acting as separator which is soaked with a small amount of liquid electrolyte.
  • Such a semi-permeable membrane may, for example, be a tri-layer polymer laminate.
  • porous separators with liquid electrolyte is preferred for lithium-ion batteries to achieve high charging and discharging rates.
  • Such liquid electrolytes usually consist of a lithium salt, for example, LiBF 4 , LiPF 6 or LiCI0 4 , in an organic solvent, such as an organic carbonate.
  • the current collector layer inherently provides external electrical connectivity that can extend to the edge of the cell, thereby allowing current easily to be removed from the cell.
  • laminated structures with metal layers in conventional cells carry the risk of internal shorts. The present invention addresses this as described in more detail below.
  • a problem with some existing cells composed of pairs of current collector layers and laminated sheets joined/bound or sealed together is that layers which are of opposite polarity must be kept electrically isolated from one another.
  • the electrolyte layer may extend to the cell periphery to achieve this and, for example, an electrolyte layer may be provided that is also capable of acting as an adhesive and that can form a seal with an adjacent laminated sheet.
  • Polymer gel electrolytes are known and available that under heat and compression will sealingly bind to a laminated sheet. A pair of laminated sheets laid up as cell halves could therefore be calendared together with a polymer gel electrolyte to from a sealed cell. However such arrangements requires skill to ensure that heating is suitably controlled during the sealing process.
  • the electrically conductive layer may comprise a foil layer, a deposited or sprayed metallic layer or a printed metallic ink layer or any other non-porous, highly conductive material layer that is electrochemically stable in the chosen cell environment. It may be formed from copper, zinc, aluminium, platinum, silver or gold.
  • Aluminium is a preferred material as it offers chemical resistance, low cost devices and is non-toxic. Similarly, nickel and cobalt offer less chemical resistance, are non-perishable and non-leaky.
  • an aluminium foil is used for cathode laminates and a copper foil for the anode laminates.
  • the foils need to be thick enough to provide an adequate moisture barrier over the lifetime of the cell. Those skilled in the art will understand that optimum foil thickness will depend on the required service lifetime of the battery, with thinner laminates providing the best energy density, but with the trade- off of lower shelf lives. Similarly thickness of the polymer film and any adhesive layers is a trade-off between energy density and resistance to mechanical damage.
  • the laminated sheet may be a composite metal laminate, for example, a bonded foil laminate or a vacuum coated laminate.
  • Bonded foil laminates are formed from one or more metal foils bonded to a polymer film using a suitable adhesive film; they are already used in flexible circuitry and have adequate barrier performance and conductivity, but can be less flexible than vacuum deposited laminates, although such rigidity may secure additional protection to a battery for some applications.
  • Vacuum deposited laminates tend to be lighter and more flexible, but more expensive and need careful manufacture to provide adequate barrier performance and conductivity.
  • a suitable vacuum deposited laminate would normally have a thickness range of 12 to 125 microns (this thickness being made up almost entirely of the polymer film substrate thickness chosen).
  • Bonded foil laminates are likely to have a total thickness range of 50 to 230 microns depending on the laminate structure chosen. Typically the metal foil layer will be between 9 and 50 microns, the polymer layer between 12 and 125 microns.
  • the laminate will usually have a mass per unit area of between 100-400g/m 2 , or even 100-200 g/m 2 where less barrier performance is required.
  • the laminated sheet may consist only of an outermost polymeric layer and an innermost conductive layer, for example, a bonded foil laminate with only a single foil layer.
  • a more preferred outermost protective layer for a bonded foil laminate is a polyimide, polyethylenenaphalate (PEN), or polyester layer.
  • the present cell construction is suitable for batteries or supercapacitors where a current collector layer acts as the electrode layer or, as is more common, supports the electrode layers.
  • the cell may be a non-aqueous, secondary, lithium-ion based battery, where both anodes and cathodes usually require current collector layers, or a lithium primary battery, for example, LiCF x , or LiMn0 2 or LiFeS 2 , where a lithium anode may be supported on a copper current collecting layer and a cathode layer supported on an aluminium cathode current collector.
  • a preferred cathode collecting laminated sheet is laminated plastics (e.g. polyimide) /aluminium foil, while a preferred anode collecting laminated sheet is laminated plastics (e.g. polyimide) /copper foil.
  • plastics e.g. polyimide
  • anode collecting laminated sheet is laminated plastics (e.g. polyimide) /copper foil.
  • a bonded foil laminate, thin electrochemical cell, according to the invention is provided for use as a lightweight battery.
  • Lithium-ion battery technology was chosen for this example as it offers a high energy density for a rechargeable battery system.
  • the chemistry requires a structure such that anode and cathode are separated by a porous separator, which is saturated with liquid electrolyte to enable transportation of charge between anode and cathode so that the cell can generate an electrical current.
  • One or other of the anode or cathode can be printed using ink.
  • Cathode ink comprises a lithium cobalt oxide, carbon black as conductive additive, a copolymer of polyvinyledene fluoride (PVDF) as the binder and n-methylpyrolidinone as the solvent.
  • PVDF polyvinyledene fluoride
  • Anode ink consists of potato graphite and a co-polymer of polyvinyledene fluoride (PVDF) as the binder can be used.
  • PVDF polyvinyledene fluoride
  • a liquid electrolyte consisting of lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF 6 ) in a solution of a mixture of ethylene carbonate (EC) and ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC) can be used.
  • a screen printable, UV curable, pressure sensitive adhesive from 3M can be employed.
  • the selected adhesive can be UV cured to the optimum level of tack, prior to bonding using pressure.
  • the advantage of a UV cured adhesive over a traditional solvent contact adhesive is that the correct level of tack can be maintained during heat drying in an oven prior to bonding in dry room conditions and allowing half cells to be fabricated outside of the dry room.
  • Other suitable adhesives are thermoplastic adhesive layers.
  • an electrically insulating, porous separator layer is provided between the anode and cathode material. It has to prevent the anode and cathode from electrically shorting and also store the liquid electrolyte that allows lithium ion transport between the electrodes.
  • a commercially available extruded polymer film typically used in soft pack cells can be used as a separator and cut to the active cell shapes.
  • a porous PVDF membrane separator layer can be applied by spraying a co-solvent mixture through a mask over the electrode structures.
  • the internal electrode can be calendared, that is to say, fed between two steel rollers in order to compact the active material and increase its bulk conductivity and improve the interfacial resistance to electrolyte.
  • the adhesive border can be printed at the required position(s) on the active electrode area. Then the adhesive is cured to the required state of tack.
  • a further chemistry that could be used in the cells of the present invention is zinc/copper where by no active materials would need to be deposited at all.
  • the copper would be contained in a copper/polymer laminate of the cathode and the zinc in a zinc polymer laminate of the anode.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
  • Sealing Battery Cases Or Jackets (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une cellule électrochimique mince, souple et conformable destinée à alimenter un dispositif électrique vestimentaire, laquelle cellule comprend une électrode interne présentant une face d'électrode active d'une polarité et une électrode externe présentant une face d'électrode active de la polarité opposée séparées par un séparateur, ledit séparateur comprenant une couche d'électrolyte sous la forme d'une seule couche continue repliée autour de l'électrode interne, et la cellule comportant un seul matériau de revêtement souple continu replié autour du séparateur et de l'électrode interne de façon à offrir une protection pour la cellule, et le matériau de revêtement pouvant être scellé de manière à délimiter un accès à la cellule pour des contacts d'électrode pour la connexion au dispositif électrique, et de manière à offrir une protection contre les courts-circuits de cellule en cours d'utilisation. L'invention concerne en outre des procédés de préparation de cellule.
PCT/EP2017/063397 2016-06-02 2017-06-01 Dispositifs Ceased WO2017207735A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US16/305,650 US11251483B2 (en) 2016-06-02 2017-06-01 Method of preparing an electrochemical cell
EP17727869.4A EP3465813A1 (fr) 2016-06-02 2017-06-01 Dispositifs

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB1609686.9 2016-06-02
GBGB1609686.9A GB201609686D0 (en) 2016-06-02 2016-06-02 Devices

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2017207735A1 true WO2017207735A1 (fr) 2017-12-07

Family

ID=56507992

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP2017/063397 Ceased WO2017207735A1 (fr) 2016-06-02 2017-06-01 Dispositifs

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US11251483B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP3465813A1 (fr)
GB (1) GB201609686D0 (fr)
WO (1) WO2017207735A1 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB202106241D0 (en) 2021-04-30 2021-06-16 Qinetiq Ltd A respirator system
WO2022048887A2 (fr) 2020-09-07 2022-03-10 Qinetiq Limited Système de respirateur

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN117558996B (zh) * 2024-01-11 2024-05-17 北京郅航科技有限公司 一种全极耳电池及其制备方法

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0390557A2 (fr) * 1989-03-30 1990-10-03 Mhb Joint Venture Assemblage de batterie et procédé se sa fabrication
JPH11121016A (ja) * 1997-10-09 1999-04-30 Yuasa Corp 電 池
US20050191545A1 (en) * 2004-02-26 2005-09-01 Qinetiq Limited Electrode assembly
WO2015125048A1 (fr) * 2014-02-21 2015-08-27 Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd. Collecteur de courant, batterie secondaire, dispositif électronique, et son procédé de fabrication

Family Cites Families (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR100309604B1 (ko) * 1999-12-20 2001-11-03 홍지준 리튬 2차 전지
US6838209B2 (en) 2001-09-21 2005-01-04 Eveready Battery Company, Inc. Flexible thin battery and method of manufacturing same
GB0324582D0 (en) 2003-10-22 2003-11-26 Qinetiq Ltd Pouch battery
US20140162108A1 (en) * 2005-08-09 2014-06-12 Polyplus Battery Company Lithium battery with hermetically sealed anode
GB2477552B (en) 2010-02-08 2016-01-27 Qinetiq Ltd Thin electrochemical cell
JP5771417B2 (ja) 2010-03-26 2015-08-26 株式会社半導体エネルギー研究所 リチウム二次電池の電極の作製方法及びリチウムイオンキャパシタの電極の作製方法
WO2013151144A1 (fr) * 2012-04-05 2013-10-10 日本ゼオン株式会社 Séparateur pour élément secondaire de batterie
KR102207921B1 (ko) 2013-11-18 2021-01-27 삼성전자주식회사 접이식 구조를 갖는 금속-공기 전지 및 그 제조 방법
US10396341B2 (en) * 2014-11-25 2019-08-27 American Lithium Energy Corporation Rechargeable battery with internal current limiter and interrupter

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0390557A2 (fr) * 1989-03-30 1990-10-03 Mhb Joint Venture Assemblage de batterie et procédé se sa fabrication
JPH11121016A (ja) * 1997-10-09 1999-04-30 Yuasa Corp 電 池
US20050191545A1 (en) * 2004-02-26 2005-09-01 Qinetiq Limited Electrode assembly
WO2015125048A1 (fr) * 2014-02-21 2015-08-27 Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd. Collecteur de courant, batterie secondaire, dispositif électronique, et son procédé de fabrication

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2022048887A2 (fr) 2020-09-07 2022-03-10 Qinetiq Limited Système de respirateur
GB202106241D0 (en) 2021-04-30 2021-06-16 Qinetiq Ltd A respirator system

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US11251483B2 (en) 2022-02-15
GB201609686D0 (en) 2016-07-20
EP3465813A1 (fr) 2019-04-10
US20200335735A1 (en) 2020-10-22

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US10777782B2 (en) Thin electrochemical cell
CA2169484C (fr) Accumulateur rechargeable au lithium non aqueux, a cellules electrochimiques empilees
US6528204B1 (en) Lithium secondary battery comprising individual cells with one another, as well as watches, computers and communication equipment provided with a battery
JP4293501B2 (ja) 電気化学デバイス
JP5255538B2 (ja) 導電性シート層を備えた二次電池用単位セル及びそれを用いたリチウムイオン二次電池
JPH09505932A (ja) 多層化電解質およびそれを使用した電気化学的電池
WO2005013408A1 (fr) Accumulateur au lithium
JP3533117B2 (ja) フィルム外装電池の製造方法
US20210043881A1 (en) Battery cell insulation and wettability
JP4381176B2 (ja) 薄膜固体二次電池
US11251483B2 (en) Method of preparing an electrochemical cell
JPH11154534A (ja) リチウムイオン二次電池要素
US7166387B2 (en) Thin battery with an electrode having a higher strength base portion than a tip portion
JPH11260414A (ja) 非水系二次電池
KR20140013177A (ko) 이차전지 및 이를 포함하는 전기화학소자
JP2003257393A (ja) 電気化学デバイス
JP2010062299A (ja) 蓄電デバイス
GB2298309A (en) Fan-folded lithium battery construction comprising lithium ion-containing polymer electrolyte sandwiched between discrete electrode plates
JP4821043B2 (ja) 電気化学デバイス
JP2001155777A (ja) リチウム電池
JP2003197198A (ja) 非水系電池ならびにこれを構成する電極フィルムおよび電池素子
JP2002245999A (ja) 電気化学デバイスおよびケース
KR102886046B1 (ko) 전극 조립체 및 이를 포함하는 이차전지
JP2001015125A (ja) リチウム電池
JP2018181705A (ja) 二次電池およびその製造方法

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: DE

121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application

Ref document number: 17727869

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1

ENP Entry into the national phase

Ref document number: 2017727869

Country of ref document: EP

Effective date: 20190102