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WO2017207649A1 - Procéde de fabrication d'un câble, câble et utilisation d'une matière pour la fabrication d'un câble - Google Patents

Procéde de fabrication d'un câble, câble et utilisation d'une matière pour la fabrication d'un câble Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017207649A1
WO2017207649A1 PCT/EP2017/063189 EP2017063189W WO2017207649A1 WO 2017207649 A1 WO2017207649 A1 WO 2017207649A1 EP 2017063189 W EP2017063189 W EP 2017063189W WO 2017207649 A1 WO2017207649 A1 WO 2017207649A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
jacket
cable
pvc
cold
temperature
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/EP2017/063189
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Christian Ernst
Sebastian GOSS
Bastian Hitz
Jörg Wenzel
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Leoni Kabel GmbH
Original Assignee
Leoni Kabel GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE102016209620.6A external-priority patent/DE102016209620A1/de
Priority claimed from DE102016209624.9A external-priority patent/DE102016209624A1/de
Priority claimed from DE102016209622.2A external-priority patent/DE102016209622A1/de
Priority claimed from DE102016209623.0A external-priority patent/DE102016209623A1/de
Application filed by Leoni Kabel GmbH filed Critical Leoni Kabel GmbH
Publication of WO2017207649A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017207649A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
    • H01B3/18—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances
    • H01B3/30—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes
    • H01B3/44—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes vinyl resins; acrylic resins
    • H01B3/443—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes vinyl resins; acrylic resins from vinylhalogenides or other halogenoethylenic compounds
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
    • B29C48/06—Rod-shaped
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/15—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. extrusion moulding around inserts
    • B29C48/154—Coating solid articles, i.e. non-hollow articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/30—Extrusion nozzles or dies
    • B29C48/32—Extrusion nozzles or dies with annular openings, e.g. for forming tubular articles
    • B29C48/34—Cross-head annular extrusion nozzles, i.e. for simultaneously receiving moulding material and the preform to be coated
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/88—Thermal treatment of the stream of extruded material, e.g. cooling
    • B29C48/91—Heating, e.g. for cross linking
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2948/00—Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
    • B29C2948/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • B29C2948/92504—Controlled parameter
    • B29C2948/92704—Temperature
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2948/00—Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
    • B29C2948/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • B29C2948/92819—Location or phase of control
    • B29C2948/92857—Extrusion unit
    • B29C2948/92876—Feeding, melting, plasticising or pumping zones, e.g. the melt itself
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2948/00—Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
    • B29C2948/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • B29C2948/92819—Location or phase of control
    • B29C2948/92857—Extrusion unit
    • B29C2948/92904—Die; Nozzle zone
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2948/00—Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
    • B29C2948/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • B29C2948/92819—Location or phase of control
    • B29C2948/92942—Moulded article
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
    • B29C48/05—Filamentary, e.g. strands
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
    • B29C48/09—Articles with cross-sections having partially or fully enclosed cavities, e.g. pipes or channels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2027/00—Use of polyvinylhalogenides or derivatives thereof as moulding material
    • B29K2027/06—PVC, i.e. polyvinylchloride
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
    • B29L2031/34—Electrical apparatus, e.g. sparking plugs or parts thereof
    • B29L2031/3462—Cables

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing a cable, a corresponding cable and a use of a special material here.
  • a jacket material for a cable insulation is described in DE 10 2012 109 502 A1.
  • the casing material in the context of compounding as granules and then to supply this to an extrusion plant in order to form a cable sheath.
  • This is done at least twice a warming, namely once in the compounding, i. in the production of the actual jacket material, and a further time in the extrusion, in which the granules are heated and melted in order to process the jacket material at all.
  • the shell material is dried and cooled. As a result, the entire production of the cable sheath is very energy-consuming.
  • the jacket material in the abovementioned DE 10 2012 109 502 A1 is a pasty PVC, which is produced in such a way that a pasty, melt-like mass results.
  • This is achieved by a so-called direct compounding, in which PVC is fed as starting material to an extruder, where it is mixed with additives, especially a plasticizer, and at the same time tempered with a special temperature profile.
  • additives especially a plasticizer
  • a special temperature profile In the course of tempering is already a gelation, ie curing of the cladding material, since the plasticizer diffuses completely into the PVC.
  • DE 39 31 224 A1 we described a method for sheathing electrical conductors with plasticized PVC, so-called plastisol.
  • the plastisol is placed in a dip bath, through which the conductor is pulled.
  • the immersion bath is followed by a heating zone for the gelation and crosslinking of the plastisol.
  • the invention has for its object to make the production of a cable, and in particular the formation of a jacket element of the cable as energy efficient.
  • an energy-efficient, improved method for producing a cable, a corresponding cable and a use of a suitable material for the method should be specified.
  • a PVC mass is made from a PVC and a plasticizer, ie, the PVC mass is prepared either as part of the process or previously in a separate manufacturing process.
  • the PVC mass has a curing temperature at which the plasticizer penetrates into the PVC and at which the PVC gels. When gelling the PVC, the PVC mass hardens accordingly.
  • the PVC mass is or is prepared by cold mixing the PVC with the plasticizer, namely at a mixing temperature which is lower than 100 ° C and which is in particular below the curing temperature of the PVC mass, so that the PVC is at most partially gelled and so that the PVC composition is chemically stable for a long time and is liquid or pasty at room temperature.
  • the PVC mass has a corresponding viscosity, which leads to a liquid or pasty consistency.
  • the degree of gelation is set in particular as a function of a coating method, which was selected for application of the PVC composition.
  • the sheath element is already formed from the PVC mass, ie a preformed sheath element, or the sheath element is formed during its formation on the cable, in particular by the PVC material is first placed on the cable and thereby or subsequently formed into the jacket element.
  • the sheath member is formed of the PVC mass at a processing temperature which is also less than 100 ° C, so that the PVC does not completely gel while the sheath member is being formed, i. Also when applying the PVC mass, the PVC is at most teilgeliert.
  • the PVC composition when the PVC composition is applied, heating already takes place in such a way that the gelation of the PVC progresses, that is to say in the case of PVC. increases.
  • the PVC mass is heated during application, in particular to a temperature of at most 100 ° C.
  • the PVC is further gelled and the sheath element is cured by heating the sheath element to at least the curing temperature, in particular to a temperature above 100 ° C.
  • the curing temperature in particular to a temperature above 100 ° C.
  • the PVC mass on the one hand is made cold and on the other hand is cold processed.
  • the cold production there is no complete gelation of the PVC, but a partial gelation takes place insofar as by this the viscosity of the PVC composition is suitably adjusted.
  • the PVC mass is formed into the shell element, either directly on the cable or in a separate process and then placed on the cable. Even when molding the PVC mass, the PVC is not completely gelled. Instead, heating takes place beyond the curing temperature at the end of the molding to the shell element, so that a sufficient dimensional stability is ensured. The gelation and curing takes place all the faster and is the more complete, the further the PVC mass is heated beyond the curing temperature.
  • the cable has a cable core and a jacket element of a pasty material or of a liquid material is formed on the cable.
  • a PVC mass is based on pure PVC, to which various additives are mixed in order, inter alia, to maintain the paste-like consistency.
  • the PVC has a long-term service temperature of up to about 125 ° C. Due to its material, PVC is also flame-retardant.
  • the material is correspondingly safe to handle and, above all, in the ready-mixed composition long storable, i. especially over several months or even several years.
  • the material is chemically stable over time, i.
  • the material does not decompose or degenerate or cures by itself during prolonged storage.
  • the material is advantageously also in non-fully gelled, i. especially in teilgeliertm state chemically long-term stability.
  • the stored material then advantageously already exists in a ready-to-use state and does not have to be specially produced, ie mixed, at the time of the cable production.
  • the material is stored rather in a mixed state.
  • PVC mass is always understood to mean a mixture of PVC and one or more additives, in particular a plasticizer
  • PVC refers to the material which is produced from individual material components and is storable and ready for use
  • PVC refers in particular only to the material component PVC, that is to say pure PVC, which is not yet mixed with other material components, with a possibly deviating meaning resulting from the respective context.
  • the material is made of a plurality of material components by cold mixing the material components together.
  • the material has a curing temperature in the range of 60 ° C to 80 ° C.
  • the material has a curing temperature and is formed cold, namely at a processing temperature which is lower than the curing temperature, in particular at room temperature.
  • the material is cured after mounting by the material is heated to a temperature which corresponds to at least one curing temperature of the material and which in particular is at least 100 ° C.
  • the material is cured by the cable is fed to the formation of the jacket member of a heater and heated there.
  • the material is only partially cured after the formation of the shell element, for later final curing, ie in particular for complete curing, in a mounted state of the cable or in a proper use of the cable or both.
  • This concept is sometimes referred to as "partial cure.”
  • the cable When the cable is manufactured, it does not completely gellate the material, but only partial gelation, so that the material is only partially cured, with “partially cured” being primarily a partial cure in terms of hardness understood the material.
  • "partially cured” additionally means a partial spatial curing, wherein the material is then completely cured in places Sheath element of the partially cured material further has, ie after the formation of the sheath element, a high degree of flexibility, whereby, for example, the installation of the cable is significantly simplified.
  • the final curing ie in particular a complete curing then takes place only during the intended use of the cable, ie during operation and in place of the application, so that the curing of the jacket element is particularly accurate.
  • the final curing can be done in the assembled state in a conventional manner by an explicit supply of heat.
  • the final curing takes place alternatively or additionally during normal use, by a near the cable positioned heat source, such as a motor in the engine compartment of a vehicle, so that the waste heat of the heat source is used for final curing in the assembled state and during normal use.
  • a near the cable positioned heat source such as a motor in the engine compartment of a vehicle
  • the invention is based first of the idea that a liquid or passous material is much easier to process, whereby the production of parts made of this material, namely a jacket element, is significantly simplified.
  • a liquid or pasty material can advantageously also be produced extremely energy-efficiently and cost-effectively.
  • the invention is particularly based on the observation that the production of a jacket element, such as e.g. a cable sheath, by melting and extruding a granulate, which was previously prepared by compounding, is very energy-consuming. Overall, in each case at least two times a heating and a cooling is carried out, so that such a method is particularly energy and thus also costly.
  • a jacket element such as e.g. a cable sheath
  • a core idea of the invention now consists, in particular, of using a modified and improved material as material, for example as sheath material, which is advantageously produced beforehand in a cold mixing process, ie for its production, no heating beyond the melting temperature of the material and correspondingly no subsequent cooling is needed so that the material is a cold mixed material.
  • the material is or is thus made of a plurality of material components, preferably in such a way that these Material components are mixed together cold.
  • the material is first cold-mixed from various material components or substances, where "cold” is understood as meaning that a conventional temperature control for the formation of melt during mixing is dispensed with, in which case the pure PVC and the plasticizer in particular become a PVC mass
  • cold mixing the material components are not heated above the melting temperature of the material.
  • the material is not yet cured or gelled during mixing, at least not completely.
  • the material components are thus mixed at a temperature, which is also referred to as mixing temperature, which is lower than a melting temperature or even lower than a curing temperature of the material, preferably below 100 ° C.
  • a temperature which is also referred to as mixing temperature, which is lower than a melting temperature or even lower than a curing temperature of the material, preferably below 100 ° C.
  • a plastic e.g. PVC
  • a plasticizer e.g. PVC
  • the plasticizer must at least partially penetrate into the plastic. It is essential when mixing in particular that the temperature is high enough so that the plastic is digested and the plasticizer can penetrate, but low enough so that the material is not completely gelled or cured and is accordingly easy and flexible processable.
  • the optimum temperature during mixing depends on the choice of material and can therefore correspond, at least in principle, to the room temperature, room temperature in particular being understood to mean a temperature in the range from 1 5 ° C. to 25 ° C.
  • the mixing temperature is above room temperature.
  • this is expediently used at a mixing temperature in the rich mixed between 70 ° C and 80 ° C, in particular at about 75 ° C with the other material components. This is based on the observation that the PVC forms molecules agglomerates, which must first be digested to incorporate the plasticizer.
  • a mixed plasticizer penetrates only from a certain temperature, namely about 75 ° C, in the plastic, whereby the material components are then effectively mixed to form a paste or liquid.
  • penetration of the plasticizer already corresponds to partial gelation of the material, but does not yet constitute a cure. Curing occurs only when the plasticizer has been completely absorbed by the PVC.
  • hardening and gelation are used interchangeably, ie partial gelation or partial gelation corresponds to partial hardening or partial hardening and complete gelation corresponds to complete hardening.
  • hardening refers to curing of the PVC mass as a whole and “gelling” to gelling of the material component PVC, ie penetration of the plasticizer into the PVC.
  • the present material is therefore not yet cured during feeding in the context of the method.
  • the material is stored in a storage container and supplied therefrom from a supply unit of an application system, wherein the application system then removes the material of the feed unit and attaches to the cable and in particular to the cable core, applying thereto, arranging it or the like, in general so the jacket element formed. Since the material is not yet cured, it is of pasty or liquid and general low-viscosity consistency, ie formed as a paste or as a liquid and generally as a low-viscosity mass, and particularly easy to process.
  • the material mPa-s having a viscosity in the range of at least 10 mPa ⁇ s ⁇ 3 to at most about 10 ⁇ 10th Liquid is preferably understood to mean that the material has a viscosity in the range of at least 0.7 mPa ⁇ s and at most 10 ⁇ 3 mPa ⁇ s.
  • the pasty or liquid material is in particular also a storable intermediate, i. the production of the material and the production of the jacket element from this material advantageously form two separate steps.
  • the arranged in the feeder unit material is thus already finished.
  • a mixing of individual material components for the material takes place in the feed unit and generally in the application system just not, but rather in a separate from the formation of the shell element manufacturing process.
  • a particular advantage of the invention is in particular that in the present case even in the production of the material is dispensed with a tempering by the material components are mixed cold. In other words, neither the individual material components are heated before mixing, nor when mixing with each other.
  • the material is thus produced in total in a pasty or liquid state and in this state also - possibly at a later date - processed and only cured after the material has left the feed unit and preferably also the application system.
  • “Curing” in the context of the present application also “gelling” understood, especially in connection with a PVC mass as a material.
  • powdered PVC is mixed, inter alia, with a plasticizer, which is interposed between the individual PVC grains, whereby a pasty or liquid mass is produced.
  • the plasticizer then gradually diffuses into the PVC grains and the mass becomes stronger, ie their viscosity is increased.
  • the jacket material is cured preferably by a supply of heat, after the jacket element has been formed. In other words, the curing takes place by heating the material to a temperature above a curing temperature or even above a melting temperature of the material.
  • the curing temperature is in particular less than 100 ° C and in particular less than the melting temperature.
  • the melting temperature is in particular greater than 100 ° C.
  • a fully gelled, i. Fully hardened material must be melted for processing, i. Be heated above the melting temperature addition. This is particularly evident in the fact that a fully gelled PVC, ie a fully cured PVC mass, is usually present in granular form or as a powder, i. in a solid state. In the case of the presently preferably used at most teilgel faced material, such melting is not necessary, but the material directly at low temperature, i. are processed cold, i. the material is already particularly easy to process below the curing temperature and especially at room temperature. The material is at least kneadable or even pumpable depending on the specific viscosity selected. The material can therefore be processed cold.
  • the specific material preferably used in the present process allows, in particular due to the particular pasty or liquid consistency, -. the viscosity, which is set by the proportionally coordinated material components - a process without tempering the material during its production and also during its processing.
  • the methods described here are significantly made possible by the special pasty or liquid material.
  • the problem is solved in particular by the generally low-viscosity material.
  • This is preferably a mixture of 100 parts of a PVC, 25 to 100 parts of a plasticizer, 3 to 18 parts of a stabilizer and a filler.
  • the plasticizer has in particular a weight fraction of 1 5 to 50%, in particular up to 30%.
  • At least the pasty material is then formed in particular in the manner of a plasticine and kneaded at room temperature.
  • plasticizers for example, DPHP or DEHP are suitable and generally pthalate or Trimellitatweichraum.
  • the PVC is suitably a mixture of E-PVC, i. emulsion polymerized PVC, and S-PVC, i. obtained by suspension polymerization PVC.
  • the PVC is preferably at least partially made of E-PVC, i. obtained by emulsion polymerization PVC.
  • the proportion of plasticizer in the PVC mass i. the hardness and elongation at break of the cured shell element are determined in particular by the total material.
  • the cured shell has a hardness in the range between Shore A hardness 70 and Shore D hardness 50.
  • the elongation is suitably greater than 120%.
  • the plasticizer significantly determines the viscosity of the pasty shell material.
  • the material comprises at least one of the following substances: DPHP as plasticizer, a magnesium-aluminum-zinc system as stabilizer, chalk or coated chalk as filler.
  • the material comprises all of the substances mentioned.
  • the material consists only of the substances mentioned and of PVC, in particular in the above-mentioned composition.
  • the magnesium-zinc-aluminum system is also generally referred to as a stabilizer package and consists in particular of magnesium, zinc, aluminum in combination with a lubricant, for example a stearate. Alternatively or additionally, calcium is added to the stabilizer.
  • the plasticizer is a high temperature plasticizer which is temperature resistant up to a temperature of 250 ° C, so that the cable is advantageously suitable for high temperature applications.
  • High temperature Application is in particular an operation at a temperature above 100 ° C and understood over a longer period of, for example, several months.
  • the material is free of crosslinking agents or comonomers, preferably free of both, and thereby particularly easy to process.
  • Comonomers often serve as plasticizers.
  • comonomers are then dispensed with as plasticizer and another plasticizer is used instead.
  • the material is mixed with a comonomer as a plasticizer and the material is free from a high temperature plasticizer which is temperature stable up to a temperature of 250 ° C.
  • a low temperature plasticizer is used.
  • the cable core is a conductor.
  • the cable is then in particular a wire.
  • the conductor is for example a simple wire or a stranded conductor.
  • the conductor consists e.g. made of copper or aluminum.
  • the cable core is a wire, a wire composite, a cable, even a cable, one or more optical fibers, a media hose, generally a hose.
  • the cable core is a combination of several identical or different ones of the parts mentioned.
  • the method of sheathing a cable wherein a cable core with a shell of a pasty shell mate- rial, in particular a PVC mass, is sheathed.
  • the jacket material is cold mixed and is fed to an extrusion plant and by means of a
  • Extrusion head extruded on the cable core and then cured.
  • the feed to the extrusion head is effected in particular by means of a feed unit of the extrusion plant, which also serves as a reservoir or reservoir for the paste-like, cold-mixed casing material.
  • the cable core preferably a conductor
  • the cable core is sheathed with a sheath of the material described above, the material being a pasty sheath material which is cold mixed and fed to an extrusion line and extruded onto the cable core by means of an extrusion head of the extrusion line. and wherein then the jacket material is cured.
  • DE 10 2012 109 502 A1 which is produced by direct compounding, does not yet cure the present jacket material when it is fed into the extrusion system for extrusion onto the cable core.
  • the production of the jacket material and the production of the jacket from this jacket material advantageously form two separate steps.
  • the jacket material arranged in the feed unit is thus already finished.
  • a mixing of individual material components for the cladding material in the extrusion plant is currently not, but rather in a separate from the extrusion manufacturing process.
  • the jacket material is extruded cold, namely at a processing temperature which is lower than the usually used curing temperature and which in particular corresponds to the mixing temperature, ie the temperature which has already been used for mixing the individual material components.
  • a processing temperature which is lower than the usually used curing temperature and which in particular corresponds to the mixing temperature, ie the temperature which has already been used for mixing the individual material components.
  • the processing temperature is defined in particular as the temperature of the jacket material in the feed unit, and in particular at the transition from the feed unit to the extrusion head.
  • the extrusion plant has as feed unit a cold-operated extruder to which the jacket material is preferably supplied cold and by means of which the jacket material is fed to the extrusion head of the extrusion plant.
  • the extruder and the extrusion head are each independent parts of the extrusion plant, i. the extrusion head is not part of the extruder.
  • the extruder is for example a screw extruder.
  • the extruder is heated by means of a specific temperature profile in order to make the jacket material first processable and extrudable.
  • this is not necessary due to the special paste-like shell material. Rather, it dispenses with the heating of the extruder and saves the otherwise required energy.
  • the extrusion system as a feed unit to a cold-operated feed pump, which preferably the jacket material is supplied cold and by means of which the jacket material is fed to the extrusion head of the extrusion plant.
  • the feed pump is for example a so-called melt pump.
  • a feed pump in contrast to an extruder, it is particularly easy to process, in particular, those casing materials which have a particularly low viscosity, for example in a range of between about 0.7 mPa.s to about 10.sup.- 3 mPa.s, ie virtually liquid are.
  • the variant with the feed pump is an alternative to the extruder mentioned above.
  • both variants are not mutually exclusive, but in principle can also be used together in the sense of a multiple or alternating material feed.
  • Decisive for the choice between extruder and feed pump is in particular the concrete viscosity of the jacket material at the processing temperature.
  • the jacket material is cured by the cable is supplied after the application of the jacket material to the cable core of a heater and is heated there in particular from the outside.
  • the curing of the cladding material is thereby carried out primarily spatially separated from the application of the cladding material.
  • the heater is downstream of the extrusion system in the conveying direction, so that the cable is first output from the extrusion head and then the heating device is supplied.
  • the heater is operated so that the jacket material is heated to a temperature above the curing temperature, for example, to 100 to 200 ° C, and thereby the jacket material gelled. However, the temperature is kept below a decomposition temperature so as not to damage the cable.
  • the heater is a tube furnace through which the cable is conveyed.
  • Such a tube furnace is particularly suitable for high production speeds in the range of 1 m / s to 50 m / s, in particular because the length of the tube furnace is virtually arbitrary selectable and thus a wide range of production speeds can be covered.
  • various other furnaces are suitable, such as an induction furnace, a microwave oven, an infrared oven or the like.
  • a heating advantageously only for curing of the jacket material in the applied form.
  • For processing the cladding material for applying the same and for its production, only the low heating or temperature control already described above is necessary, so that expediently dispensing with additional heating beyond the mixing and / or processing temperature. Accordingly, only one heating step is carried out for the purpose of curing the cable sheath. The process thus has overall significantly reduced energy costs.
  • the extrusion head is operated cold, i. below the melting temperature of the cladding material and at a temperature as described above in connection with the cold mix.
  • the extrusion head is not actively heated or heated only to the mixing or processing temperature.
  • the entire extrusion plant is operated cold.
  • the material is supplied to the extrusion plant in particular also cold. This energy is advantageously saved.
  • Another advantage is that the extrusion plant is also more reliable overall, since the risk of burns or fire accidents is significantly reduced.
  • the extrusion head has a mouthpiece which is heated, wherein the remaining extrusion head is operated cold.
  • a front heating zone is formed in the extrusion system in the conveying direction, through which the casing material is already preheated when exiting the extrusion plant.
  • the downstream curing is significantly simplified.
  • the mouthpiece is heated to a temperature of about 200 ° C.
  • the jacket material is not necessarily already heated above the curing temperature.
  • the mouthpiece also serves in particular for shaping the jacket, in particular a cross-section of the jacket, and in this way predefines an outer contour of the cable.
  • a bypass heating is formed, that is, that a bypass of the extrusion plant, via which the sheath material of the cable core is supplied, is heated.
  • the jacket material is thus preheated shortly before application to the cable core, in each case, however, still after leaving the extruder or the feed pump.
  • the various heating concepts described above can be used individually as well as combined with each other.
  • the jacket material in particular reaches a temperature above the curing temperature only after application to the cable core and is then advantageously cured only after a corresponding shaping.
  • the hardness of the shell and in general the bending flexibility of the cable is adjusted appropriately.
  • the adjustment of the hardness and in general of the flexural flexibility takes place via the formulation of the shell material, in particular the polymers and / or plasticizers used.
  • Extrusion head leads. This or generally a thermally bonded component then has a corresponding temperature, but is still operated unheated, i. not actively heated. Due to the thermal connection rather only passive heating takes place. In particular, only the extrusion head is actively heated in the extrusion plant.
  • the cable core is heated, in particular before it is fed to the extrusion plant.
  • the hardening of the jacket material is also significantly simplified in this embodiment, but in this case by heating the jacket from the interior of the cable.
  • the heating of the cable core is particularly suitable for a conductor as a cable core and is then eg realized by a wire heater.
  • the cable core is preheated to about 200 ° C, and preferably, but not necessarily, to a temperature above the curing temperature.
  • the method also serves the sheathing of a cable, wherein a cable core is sheathed with a sheath of a now liquid sheath material, in particular a PVC mass.
  • the jacket material is cold mixed and is supplied to an application system, by means of which the jacket material is applied liquid to the cable core.
  • the supply to the application system is effected in particular by means of a feed unit, which also serves as a reservoir or reservoir for the pasty, cold-mixed casing material.
  • the cable core is preferably a conductor and the sheath member is formed by the cable core is coated with a sheath of the material which is a liquid sheath material, wherein the sheath material is cold mixed and an application system is supplied and wherein the sheath material by means the application system is applied liquid to the cable core.
  • the jacket material is applied to the cable core and then cured by a supply of heat, wherein in the heat supply only process heat, in particular by shearing and / or friction of the sheath material is used, which is formed when applying the sheath material to the cable core.
  • This embodiment is particularly energy-efficient, since virtually any energy arising in the form of process heat is used to cure the manure. telmaterials is used. Typical curing temperatures are between 100 and 200 ° C and can be easily achieved by process heat.
  • a preheating by means of process heat and curing in combination with an additional heat supply is also a suitable variant.
  • the process heat is produced, for example, as frictional heat at an orifice opening of the application unit, through which the casing material is conveyed through.
  • the application unit has a stripping unit or a mouthpiece, for example a simple aperture, for forming an outer contour of the jacket, wherein excess casing material is stripped off at the aperture and process heat is generated by shearing the jacket material.
  • the heating device already described in connection with the extrusion method is used for curing.
  • the heating device is then downstream of the application system in the conveying direction, so that the cable is first output from the application system and then the heating device is supplied.
  • the application system is operated cold, as described above in connection with the extruder.
  • the entire application system and in particular the feed unit are then operated cold.
  • the shell material is cold applied in an advantageous embodiment, namely at a processing temperature which is lower than the curing temperature usually used and which in particular corresponds to the mixing temperature, i. the temperature which has already been used for mixing the individual material components.
  • the application system on a mouthpiece which is heated, the rest of the application system is operated cold.
  • the heated mouthpiece is formed in the application system in the conveying direction a front heating zone through which the jacket material is already preheated when exiting the application system.
  • the downstream curing is significantly simplified.
  • the mouthpiece is heated to a temperature of about 200 ° C.
  • the jacket material is not necessarily already heated above the curing temperature.
  • the mouthpiece is, for example, a nozzle from which the jacket material is sputtered or ejected.
  • Heating of the cladding material is also advantageous in the context of surface finishing, i. for the compensation of a surface, which forms the coat. Therefore, in an expedient development, the surface is aftertreated by carrying out a surface treatment, in particular a melting of the surface. In this case, the already cured jacket material is heated again and melted at least superficially. As a result, non-uniformities of the surface are smoothed. After a subsequent cooling or cooling, the surface and thus the coat is much more homogeneous.
  • the application unit has a temperature control unit, by means of which the jacket material is heated prior to application and by means of which the viscosity of the jacket material is adjusted.
  • a temperature control unit by means of which the jacket material is heated prior to application and by means of which the viscosity of the jacket material is adjusted.
  • a particular advantage of the method over conventional methods is, in particular, that the jacket can also be applied with a comparatively large thickness in a single method step. This is possible in particular because of the special consistency of the jacket material. In principle, it is possible, when using a liquid jacket material, to apply it in a multi-layered manner in several process steps and thereby to realize any thickness of the jacket. However, this is expensive. In contrast, will in the present case, the coat is advantageously completely applied to the cable core as a single layer.
  • the thickness of the shell ie the thickness of the layer is thereby set as described above expediently only via the viscosity of the shell material, which is adjusted for example by means of a partial gelation in the context of preheating the shell material and / or on the concrete material composition of the shell material.
  • the shell has a thickness of at least 0.1 mm, preferably at least 0.5 mm and particularly preferably at least 1 mm, and at most a thickness of 2 mm.
  • the jacket material is applied by the cable core is conveyed through a dipping bath, which consists of the jacket material.
  • the immersion bath contains the liquid, in particular cold, shell material.
  • the cable core is continuously conveyed through the dipping bath, e.g. drawn.
  • the jacket material adheres to the cable core, so that the jacket is pulled out of the immersion bath.
  • the immersion bath is particularly suitable in combination with the formation of the shell as a single layer, since the viscosity of the shell material can be particularly easily adjusted by an upstream partial gelation and then can be formed with the dip of the jacket as needed in various strengths.
  • a multiple pass through the immersion bath is to form thicker coats is not necessary. Rather, it is advantageous to set only the viscosity of the jacket material suitable.
  • the jacket material is applied by being printed or sprayed onto the cable core.
  • a printing is done for example by pad printing or by means of a pressure impeller.
  • a spraying takes place, for example, similar to a continuous lacquer tion. Overall, particularly high production speeds can be achieved in these methods as well as the dip.
  • the application system as a feed unit on a cold-operated feed pump.
  • a total of cold application or cold application of the jacket material is realized by which significant energy savings.
  • the supply of material thus takes place without active heating of the jacket material.
  • the application system and / or the supply unit is heated by means of a specific temperature profile in conventional contract conditions, in order to make the jacket material processable in the first place.
  • the feed pump is for example a so-called melt pump. Having a feed pump mainly such cladding materials are very easy to handle, which have a particularly low viscosity, for example in a range from 0.7 mPa-s to 10 mPa-s ⁇ 3, so liquid jacket materials.
  • the method for producing a cable wherein the cable has a jacket and wherein the shell, a molded part is formed by a pasty material, in particular a PVC mass, on the jacket at a predetermined position for the molded part is applied.
  • the material is molded into the molding and then the material is cured.
  • the cable has a jacket and the jacket element is a molded part which is molded onto the jacket by applying the pasty material to the jacket at a predetermined position for the molded article by forming the material into the molded article and by then curing the material.
  • the molded part is also called a component.
  • the molded part is not formed over the entire length of the cable, but is usually limited to a certain extent.
  • Typical moldings have dimensions, in particular diameter, which are of the order of a diameter of the jacket of the cable and, for example by a factor of 1, 1 to 10 are larger.
  • the diameter of typical cables is in particular in the range between 0.5 and 50 mm.
  • the length of the molding is often in the same size range, but may be different or smaller in a variant.
  • the molded part is formed from the material before it is applied to the jacket.
  • the molding is thus preformed and provided as a semi-finished product.
  • the material is molded into the molded part after the material has been applied, as it were, as a raw material to the shell. The material is then reshaped directly on the jacket, in particular by means of a suitable molding tool.
  • the material provided for application to the shell is in particular an intermediate product and therefore already finished, the pasty or liquid material being meant and not the hardened material.
  • the material is applied to the jacket by means of a feed unit, e.g. by means of an injection molding plant or an extrusion plant.
  • the material is applied by hand.
  • the latter variant is particularly suitable for attaching preformed moldings on the jacket.
  • the material is thus produced in total in a pasty or liquid state as a paste or plasticine or liquid and then processed in this state and only cured after the material has left the feed unit.
  • the material is preferably formed cold, ie cold applied to the shell or cold molded into the molded part, more preferably both cold applied as well as molded in the molding of the molding, namely in the already mentioned working temperature, which is lower than the curing temperature commonly used.
  • the processing temperature is defined in particular as the temperature of the material in the application unit for application to the shell and / or in a molding tool for molding the molding cold Anformung results analogous to the above comments on cold extrusion and cold liquid application.
  • the molding is made of the same material, i. in particular made of material from which the jacket is formed.
  • the compound is particularly media-tight and has a particularly high longitudinal tightness.
  • the two materials are inherently compatible in many ways, for example with regard to thermal expansion, electrical properties or material compatibility with each other.
  • a material bond between the shell and the molded part is formed in a simple manner, i. the jacket is firmly bonded to the molding.
  • both the shell and the molded part are made of PVC.
  • the same material is meant, in particular, that at least the underlying and usually named-giving starting material is the same, for example PVC, wherein additives may vary in type and amount, but are preferably also the same.
  • a functional element in particular a plug or a grommet, is applied to the position of the molded part before the molded part is cured, so that the functional element and the molded part are connected to one another in a form-fitting and / or cohesive manner.
  • the molded part then serves in an advantageous manner as a sealing element between the jacket and the functional element, ie, a sealing effect is realized.
  • a particularly effective support of the functional part is realized on the cable, in particular a pull-out protection at least by a positive connection of the molding with the functional element.
  • the molded part is itself formed as a functional part in a suitable embodiment.
  • This is possible in particular by the pasty consistency of the material during molding in a simple manner, since the material can be flexibly brought into shape and thus advantageously almost any functional elements can be realized without having to add additional parts.
  • it is generally possible to realize complex three-dimensional shapes in a simple manner due to the pasty consistency.
  • the functional element is then also particularly strong, in particular materially connected to the jacket.
  • the molded part is designed as a fastening element, also referred to as a retaining element, and serves for fastening the cable to or in a retaining structure, e.g. a wall, a shaft, a rail or a cable guide.
  • the fastening element is designed, for example, as a tab, eye, hook, pin or retaining clip and can be connected to a corresponding and usually complementary retaining element on the retaining structure.
  • the molded part is designed as a plug housing. Instead of a separate connector housing, therefore, a plug housing is provided, which is formed directly on the jacket and connected to this particularly firmly. The production of a cable with a plug is thereby significantly simplified.
  • the molded part is designed as a functional element, which is selected from a group of functional elements, comprising: tear-out protection, strain relief, anti-rotation protection, jacket reinforcement, jacket protection, design element. In the shell reinforcement and the jacket protection, the molded part forms in sections an additional jacket, which serves, for example, as anti-kink protection, abrasion protection or heat protection.
  • the molded part is, for example, a lettering or a pattern which serves, for example, for identifying the cable.
  • the molded part of the special material and its design as a jacket element of a cable are particularly suitable for prototype or small batch production. Since the material is easy to handle and with corresponding kneadable consistency also simply e.g. can be shaped with the bare hands and attached to the cable, the production of a cable or the retrofitting of an existing cable is particularly straightforward.
  • the attachment of the molding is particularly feasible with a short time horizon, spontaneously, for example in the context of a prototype production, since the material is chemically stable long-term and thus is easy to store and does not have to be prepared in a previous manufacturing process.
  • the above-described heating concepts for curing by means of a heating device are also advantageously applicable to a cable with molding, ie in particular that the cable is supplied to a heater after application and molding of the material and there the molded part is heated in particular from the outside.
  • the entire cable with molding passes through the heater and is heated as a whole.
  • the curing of the material is primarily spatially separated from the application of the material.
  • the hardness of the molded part is set as described above in a suitable variant during curing.
  • the molding is a merely partially cured shell element as already described above, i. that the material after application and molding is only partially cured, for later final curing in the assembled state or the intended use of the cable or both.
  • the molding is then only partially cured.
  • a partially cured molded part in the form of an eyelet can be attached more easily to a suspension, is then cured and then holds particularly firmly.
  • the method is used to produce a cable set.
  • a plurality of individual cables which are also referred to as cables for short, are surrounded by a common sheath structure, i. especially summarized.
  • the sheath structure is made of a suitable sheath material, in particular a PVC mass, wherein the sheath material is cold mixed and is introduced with the cables in a mold and formed into the sheath structure.
  • the jacket material is cured.
  • the curing is preferably carried out by supplying heat, i. by heating or tempering of the jacket material in the intended final form.
  • the cable is designed as a cable set, wherein a plurality of individual cables form the cable core and are surrounded by a common shell structure as the shell element, wherein the shell structure is made of the material which is a pasty shell material, wherein the shell material is cold mixed and is introduced with the individual cables in a mold and formed into the shell structure and then cured.
  • a two-component system can be used as the jacket material, for example a polyurethane foam which is produced by mixing polyol and isocyanate.
  • the individual cables are then inserted into mold halves of the mold and the remaining cavity with the Polyurethane foam injected, which in this case expands and fills the cavity.
  • the reaction of the two components of the two-component system also leads to a curing of the polyurethane foam.
  • such two-component systems are expensive to handle, since the individual components must be stored separately. Upon contact, the components react immediately with each other, resulting in restrictions during manufacture, in particular the formation of the shell structure.
  • the method for producing the cable set is based on the observation that the aforementioned two-component systems for forming the sheath structure are complicated to handle, since the individual components are often harmful, easily flammable, highly reactive or the like and therefore represent not insignificant sources of danger. against this background, the use of less hazardous materials is desirable. Furthermore, due to the reaction typically occurring upon contact of the components, two-component systems offer little latitude in forming and, in particular, do not allow for subsequent forming, i.e., forming. the shape of the shell structure after demoulding, i. the removal from the mold, finally determined.
  • the jacket material is advantageously a ready-mixed material which is chemically stable over the long term and therefore easy to store.
  • the jacket material is cured by the harness is heated after the introduction of the jacket material by the mold is heated.
  • a direct heating of the mold is based on simple che way and realized without great effort hardening of the sheath material.
  • the curing thus takes place during the manufacture of the cable set within the mold.
  • the jacket material is heated during heating to a temperature above the curing temperature, for example to 100 to 200 ° C, whereby the shell material gelled.
  • the temperature is kept below a decomposition temperature in order not to damage the cables in particular.
  • the hardness of the shell and generally the flexural flexibility of the shell structure and thus of the cable set is set appropriately during curing by appropriate design and dimensioning of the heating or alternatively or additionally on the formulation of the shell material.
  • Partial curing is also particularly advantageous. Advantages and further developments arise accordingly.
  • the jacket material is cured by this after introduction into the mold and preferably in the mold, partially cured, for later final curing in the assembled state of the cable set or the intended use of the cable set or both.
  • the shell material is partially cured by this is cured to 60 to 80%, more preferably 75%.
  • the partially cured jacket material also has a certain flexibility, whereby the assembly of the cable set is significantly simplified.
  • the final curing ie in particular a complete curing is then advantageously only in place of the application, so that the curing of the shell structure is particularly accurate.
  • the shell structure has a Number of retaining elements such as eyelets or the like, which can be easily attached to a suspension in only partially cured state and then hold particularly strong after the final curing. An attachment to undercuts is made possible by the more flexible, since partially cured shell structure easier.
  • the final curing can be done in the assembled state in a conventional manner by an explicit heat supply or alternatively or additionally when used as intended.
  • the pasty shell material is particularly easy to process below the curing temperature and especially at room temperature.
  • the jacket material is at least kneadable or even pumpable, depending on the specific viscosity selected.
  • the jacket material can therefore be processed cold.
  • the jacket material is cold introduced into the mold, namely at the already mentioned processing temperature, which is lower than the curing temperature, in particular at room temperature. Since the described method is advantageously depressurized due to the consistency of the jacket material, the method is generally suitable for the production of cable harnesses with particularly sensitive structures in this regard.
  • heating or heating advantageously takes place only for curing the shell material in the applied form, i. after shaping the shell structure.
  • the mold is operated cold when introducing the jacket material.
  • the individual cables are first inserted into the mold, whereupon the mold is closed and then the jacket material is introduced through a number of supply openings in the mold. In the closed mold then lie Cavities before, which are filled when introducing the sheath material with this and which specify an outer contour of the shell structure.
  • the individual cables are first fixed in the mold, for example by means of spacers or other holding elements in an intended end position and then surrounded with the jacket material.
  • spacers or the like in particular, a uniform wall thickness of the shell structure is achieved and accidental slippage of the individual cable during insertion of the jacket material is advantageously avoided.
  • the jacket material is first introduced into the molding tool and then the individual cables which are inserted at least in sections into the jacket material.
  • the jacket material is thus introduced into the mold before the single cable. This is possible in particular because of the kneadable sheath material. Due to the special consistency, the jacket material is preformed, so to speak, for example.
  • the jacket material is formed by inserting the individual cables into the jacket material and in particular pressing them in so that the jacket material is at least partially displaced. Finally, the mold is closed and the shell structure finished shaped, in a particularly simple variant, but this is omitted.
  • the individual cables of the cable set are usually arranged branched.
  • the shell structure has a number of branches.
  • the individual cables are therefore arranged branched and form a network with several, in particular a plurality of endpoints.
  • the shell structure is then branched accordingly and leads the individual cables along different paths.
  • the cable set is preferably dimensionally stable, ie the cable set has a shape and the individual cables have an arrangement with respect to one another, which are fixed by the jacket structure.
  • dimensional stability is achieved in particular by the curing of the jacket material, which in non-cured or only partially cured state is usually not dimensionally stable, but rather is plastically deformable.
  • the shaping of the shell structure preferably takes place by means of the molding tool.
  • the shaping of the shell structure takes place in a suitable embodiment outside of the molding tool, in particular in a preforming step, so that at least a part of the shell structure or the entire shell structure is then introduced into the molding tool as a number of preformed shaped parts.
  • the shaping of the shell structure is at least partially decoupled from the production of the cable set advantageous.
  • the jacket structure is preformed as a half-piece and, in particular, merely folded together and connected in the mold with the individual cables. As a result, the production of the cable set is much more flexible.
  • the individual cables usually each have a cable sheath, generally an outer sheath, which in the production, but above all, and then during the normal operation of the cable set inevitably with the sheath material of the sheath structure is in contact. Using different materials may result in unfavorable combinations.
  • a polyurethane foam for the shell structure results in particular in combination with an outer shell of a PVC mass the disadvantage that the material of the outer shell over time the plasticizer is withdrawn and the outer shell becomes brittle and possibly even breaks.
  • the jacket material is selected with respect to an outer jacket material from which the outer jacket is made, ie, in a preferred embodiment, at least one of the individual cables has an outer jacket made of an outer jacket material, and the jacket material is equal to the outer jacket material.
  • a PVC compound is also particularly suitable for the production of outer shells.
  • the PVC compound for the shell structure and the PVC compound for the outer shell do not necessarily have to have exactly the same composition, in particular with regard to possible aggregates. On the contrary, the decisive factor is that both materials are basically a PVC compound.
  • the jacket material is cured in a suitable embodiment, by at least one of the individual cables is heated.
  • the curing of the cladding material by heating the cladding material from the inside of at least one of the individual cables from significantly simplified.
  • the heating of one of the individual cables is particularly suitable for single conductors or cores as a single cable.
  • the jacket material i. generally added to the material, a foaming additive, so that the shell structure is formed foamed.
  • foaming the shell structure is particularly easy.
  • the foaming additive is added to the cladding material, for example, when it is introduced into the mold and activated during assembly with the cladding material.
  • the jacket material i. generally the material, an acid scavenger admixed to form a high temperature resistant shell structure.
  • the cable set decomposition is then effectively prevented due to possibly released acid.
  • a cable according to the invention is produced in particular by one of the methods described above.
  • the cable is with a hardened cable sheath, ie jacket sheath, which is made of a cold-mixed, pasty or liquid sheath material, in particular by the material by means of an extrusion plant or by means of an application system is attached.
  • a cured molding is formed on the cable, which is made of a cold-mixed, pasty material, in particular a PVC mass.
  • the cable is designed as a cable set, with a plurality of individual cables, which are surrounded by an at least partially cured shell structure, which is made of a cold-mixed, pasty shell material, in particular a PVC mass.
  • the jacket material and the molding each result by curing the pasty or liquid material described above.
  • the material attached to the cable, ie here the jacket element, is preferably fully cured, but in a suitable variant only partially cured, for later final curing, as described above.
  • the material is made cold mixed.
  • a pasty or liquid material is used for producing a cable as described above, in particular for sheathing a cable or for forming a molded part on a cable or for producing a cable set.
  • the material is a mixture of 100 parts of a PVC, 25 to 100 parts of a plasticizer, 3 to 18 parts of a stabilizer and a filler.
  • the material is preferably made cold mixed.
  • the material is suitable for cold application, i. for a cold application.
  • FIG. 2 shows by way of example a temperature profile of the jacket material in the course of the method according to FIG. 1, FIG. 3 - 5 each an application system for another method for producing a cable,
  • FIGS. 3 to 5 shows a heating device for a method according to FIGS. 3 to 5
  • FIGS. 15a-d each show a method step of a further method for producing a cable
  • the sheath of a cable 102 by means of an extrusion line 104 in a sectional view along a conveying direction F of the cable 102 is shown.
  • the cable 102 is a simple core which, as a cable core 106, has a conductor onto which a jacket 108 is extruded.
  • a pasty jacket material M is used, which is present in pasty form in a feed unit 1 10 and from this an extrusion head 1 12 is supplied.
  • the feed unit 110 is, for example, an extruder or a feed pump.
  • the jacket material M is then applied to the cable core 106.
  • the extrusion head 1 12 shown here has an unspecified annular chamber, via which the jacket material M is suitably distributed. Furthermore, the extrusion head 1 12 a mouthpiece 1 14, via which the cable 102 leaves the extrusion line 104 and which here determines the shape of the shell 108 and thus an outer contour of the cable 102.
  • the method shown is particularly low energy, since on the one hand an energy-consuming compounding for the production of the sheath material M is eliminated and on the other eben ⁇ those sheath material M for processing does not need to be tempered.
  • the feed unit 110 is therefore unheated and is operated here even at room temperature RT, ie at a temperature in the range of 15 to 25 ° C. Overall, therefore, a particularly energy-efficient, cold extrusion is realized. This is made possible, in particular, by the special pasty jacket material M which is particularly easy to process, in particular kneadable, at the temperature mentioned.
  • the sheath material M is cured, i. also gelled here.
  • the jacket material M is heated above a curing temperature AT addition.
  • the extrusion head 1 12 in the conveying direction F, a heater 1 16 downstream which heats the jacket 108 accordingly.
  • the jacket 108 is heated to about 200 ° C, whereas the curing temperature AT is only about between 60 and 80 ° C.
  • the application and curing of the jacket material M are therefore spatially separated. Before application, the jacket material M is processed substantially below the curing temperature AT and then heated after application beyond this.
  • the mouthpiece 1 14 heated, so that the currently applied jacket material M is already preheated on the mouthpiece 1 14 and thus the subsequent curing is facilitated.
  • the cable core 106 is already preheated by means of a wire heater 1 18, before the cable core 106 of the extrusion system 104 is supplied. In this way, the curing is also supported from the interior of the cable 102.
  • the three heating concepts shown in Fig. 1, namely the heating of the cable core 106, the heated mouthpiece 1 14 and the heater 1 16, can also be used alone or combined with each other.
  • the jacket material M consists in Fig.
  • each of the material components has a certain proportion in order to set a suitable viscosity for the process.
  • the shell material M contains about 50 to 100 parts of the plasticizer, 3 to 18 parts of the stabilizer and 0 to 200 parts of the filler.
  • the jacket material M reaches a temperature MT above the curing temperature AT due to the various realized heating concepts and is then cured.
  • suitable dimensioning of the heating concepts the hardness of the jacket 108 and, in general, the flexural flexibility of the cable 102 can be adjusted.
  • FIG. 2 shows in a highly schematic manner a possible temperature profile for the temperature MT of the jacket material M in the course of the method, i.
  • a temperature T in the conveying direction F i.
  • the feeding unit 110 is operated unheated and the casing material is present at room temperature RT.
  • the extrusion head 1 12 with the exception of the mouthpiece 1 14, which is heated here.
  • a heating due to the preheating of the cable core 106 toward the end of the extrusion head 1 12 towards the mouthpiece 1 14, a heating due to the preheating of the cable core 106.
  • the curing temperature AT is reached only in the heater 1 16.
  • the jacket material M may reach the curing temperature AT already in the mouthpiece 14 or shortly behind it and even before the heater 16. It is also possible that the heating due to a thermal connection of the various parts of the extrusion system 104 back and leads to a temperature increase in the extrusion head 1 12. In principle, however, the jacket material M has a temperature MT below the curing temperature AT when it is fed from the feed unit 110 into the extrusion head 12, in particular the temperature MT in this case corresponds to the room temperature RT.
  • 3 to 5 each show an applicator 202 for sheathing a cable 204, i. for example, to apply a sheath 206 to a cable core 208.
  • the cable core 208 is, for example, a simple conductor, a wire, a wire assembly, a conduit, even a cable, one or more optical fibers, a media tube, generally a tube, or a combination thereof.
  • the sheath 206 is usually an outer sheath of the cable 204.
  • the cable core 208 is conveyed in each case in a conveying direction F by the applicator 202 and applied by means of this a jacket material M on the cable core 208, to encase this.
  • the jacket material M is a liquid, cold mixed material. This is cured after application by a heat.
  • the heater 210 shown in Fig. 6 is used, which is the application system 202 downstream in the conveying direction F.
  • a surface finish e.g. again by means of a heating device as in FIG. 6.
  • the jacket material M consists of a plurality of material components, namely a PVC, which in particular consists at least partially of E-PVC and in particular similar to the above-described is formed.
  • each of the material components has a certain proportion in order to set a suitable viscosity for the process, in this case in the range between 0.7 and 10 ⁇ 3 mPa-s.
  • the jacket material M is a liquid and very easy to process mass. Only after application to the cable core 208, the jacket material M reaches a temperature above the curing temperature during curing and is then cured.
  • the process performed by means of the applicator 202 is particularly low energy, since on the one hand an energy-intensive compounding for the production of the sheath material M is eliminated and on the other ebenjenes jacket material M for processing does not need to be tempered.
  • the applicator 202 is therefore unheated and is operated cold, ie below the curing temperature, here even at room temperature, ie at a temperature in the range of 15 to 25 ° C. Overall, a particularly energy-efficient, cold order is thus realized. This is made possible in particular by the special, liquid jacket material M which is particularly easy to process, in particular pumpable, at the temperature mentioned.
  • the jacket 206 is heated after processing, for example, to about 200 ° C, whereas the curing temperature is only about between 60 and 80 ° C.
  • the application and the curing of the jacket material M are therefore spatially separated. Before application, the jacket material M is processed substantially below the curing temperature and then heated after application then beyond this.
  • the application unit 202 is realized with an immersion bath 212, through which the cable core 208 is conveyed through.
  • the applicator 202 also has a mouthpiece 214 here, i. an aperture through which the cable core 208 passes with the applied cladding material M.
  • the mouthpiece 214 is used in a variant to set a certain thickness S, i. Thickness of the shell 206.
  • the jacket material M is supplied to the immersion bath 212 via a feed unit 216, which is designed here as a feed pump for conveying the liquid shell material M.
  • the feed unit 216 is in particular unheated, so that the jacket material is supplied cold.
  • the application system 202 shown in FIG. 3 additionally has one
  • Temperature control unit 218, by means of which the jacket material M is preheated.
  • a partial gelation can be achieved in a simple way and the visual adjust the viscosity of the jacket material M, which in turn is set in a variant for adjusting the mouthpiece 214, the thickness S of the shell 206.
  • the concept of preheating the jacket material M by means of the temperature control unit 218 can also be applied to other application systems 202, in particular those of FIGS. 1, 4 and 5.
  • a preheating or curing of the jacket material M is realized by heating the mouthpiece 214 and / or the cable core 208.
  • the jacket material M is already preheated at the appropriate location and thus facilitates the subsequent curing.
  • process heat is used for curing or preheating. Such process heat arises e.g. at the mouthpiece 214 due to shearing of the jacket material M.
  • the jacket material M is sprayed by means of the application system 202 on the cable core 208, in the context of a continuous coating.
  • the jacket material M is printed by the applicator 202, by means of pressure wheels 220. Alternatively, an imprinting means
  • FIG. 7 shows a method step of a method for producing a cable 302.
  • the cable 302 has a jacket 304, which is an outer jacket.
  • a molding 306 is to be formed at a predetermined position P.
  • a pasty material M in this case a PVC mass, applied to the shell 304.
  • the material M has already been molded prior to application to the molding 306 and is placed on the shell 304, so to speak.
  • Fig. 8 shows an alternative to this, in which first the material M is applied to the shell 304 and then by means of a mold 308 from the applied material M, the molding 306 is formed.
  • a special feature of the method is the use of a pasty material M, in particular as already described above, which as a result of this viscous is cold processable and cold, that is processed below a melt temperature of the material M.
  • a pasty material M in particular as already described above, which as a result of this viscous is cold processable and cold, that is processed below a melt temperature of the material M.
  • no additional heat supply or temperature control is necessary both for applying and for molding the material M, which is why such is dispensed with.
  • a particularly energy-efficient, cold molding of the molding 306 is realized.
  • This is made possible in particular by the special, pasty material M, which is particularly easy to process, in particular kneadable, at the temperature mentioned.
  • the material M is cured, i. also gelled here.
  • the material M is heated beyond a curing temperature. This is done e.g. by means of a heating device, not shown, which heats the material M, more precisely, the shaped molded part 306 accordingly.
  • the material M is heated to about 200 ° C, whereas the curing temperature is only about 60 to 80 ° C.
  • the application and curing of the material M are therefore carried out spatially separated from each other. During application and molding, the material M is processed substantially below the curing temperature and then heated beyond the curing after the application.
  • the jacket 304 and the molding 306 are made of the same material M, so that the molding 306 adheres particularly well to the jacket 304. In particular, a material bond is produced when the material M is cured.
  • FIG. 9 shows a further and optional method step, in which a functional element 310 is additionally attached to the position P, in this case a plug housing.
  • the functional element 310 is attached to the molded part 306 before the molded part 306 is cured. In this way, the molding 306 can still deform and it is realized a particularly accurate fit connection of the functional element 310 with the molding.
  • Fig. 10 shows the finished cable 302 with
  • the molded part 306 is designed as a pull-out protection for the functional element 310.
  • the material M is pasty and composed of several material components, in particular as already described above in connection with FIG.
  • the hardness of the molded part 306 can also be set here.
  • Complete curing then takes place only when mounted, e.g. in regular operation of the cable 302 and e.g. through a nearby heat source.
  • FIGS. 1 to 13 each show a variant of the cable 302, wherein the molded part 306 is itself formed as a functional element 310, which in particular is connected in a materially joined manner to the jacket 304.
  • the molded part 306 is formed directly as a connector housing.
  • the molding 306 is generally used as a fastener, i. Holding element and specially designed as an eyelet.
  • the molding 306 is formed as a shroud protector and reinforces the sheath 304 at the position P.
  • a kink protection or heat protection e.g. implemented a kink protection or heat protection.
  • a cable set 402 is shown.
  • This has a plurality of individual cables 404, which are surrounded by a common shell structure 406, that is in particular summarized.
  • the individual cables 404 are arranged branched to each other and form a network. Accordingly, the shell structure 406 is branched and forms branches 408.
  • Terminals 410 are respectively attached to the individual cables 404, for example plugs or sockets, in order to connect the cable set 402 to the corresponding components during intended use, eg in the electrical system of a vehicle.
  • the sheath structure 406 shown here further comprises a number of holding elements. ments 412, which are each a part of the shell structure 406 and are made as projections of the same material.
  • the shell structure 406 is made of a special pasty shell material M.
  • This jacket material M consists in the embodiment of several material components, as already described above in connection with the other figures.
  • a suitable viscosity is set, in particular in the range of 10 ⁇ 3 to 10 ⁇ 10 mPa.s.
  • FIGS. 15a to 15d Individual steps of a manufacturing process for the cable set 402 are shown in FIGS. 15a to 15d.
  • FIG. 15 a shows the individual cables 404 in their intended arrangement. In this case, a representation of terminals 410 was dispensed with. These are attached to the individual cables 404 either before or after the formation of the sheath structure 406 in the context of a packaging.
  • Fig. 15b shows a mold 414 for forming the shell structure 406.
  • the cables 404 are first inserted as shown in Fig. 15c in the mold 414. Thereafter, the mold 414 is closed and the jacket material M is introduced through a number of feed openings 416 in the mold 414, indicated in Fig. 15c by an arrow.
  • the jacket material M is additionally or alternatively introduced before the individual cables 404 in the mold 414 and the Single cable 404 are then then inserted into the jacket material M or pressed.
  • jacket material M Since the jacket material M has a pasty consistency, this is also processed cold, in this case. introduced into the mold 414 and formed there.
  • cold is meant that preferably no additional temperature control of the cladding material M occurs during processing, but at least the cladding material is processed at a processing temperature which is lower than the curing temperature, in particular at room temperature simple and above all unpressurized processing, which also takes place here accordingly.
  • the individual cables 404 each have an unspecified outer sheath, which is in contact with the sheath material M.
  • the jacket material M and the material from which the outer shells are made are the same here, in particular in each case a PVC.
  • the jacket material M is cured so that the dimensionally stable cable set 402 shown in FIG. 15d results.
  • the molding tool 414 is raised to the curing temperature or above, e.g. between 100 and 200 ° C, heated after the jacket material M was introduced. This results in particular a gelation of the PVC used.
  • the jacket material M is cured by being only partially cured, for later final curing in the assembled state of the cable set 402 and / or the intended use of the cable set 402, as already explained above in connection with the molded part 306.
  • the jacket material M is cured by being only partially cured, for later final curing in the assembled state of the cable set 402 and / or the intended use of the cable set 402, as already explained above in connection with the molded part 306.
  • the retaining elements 412 can be easily attached to a suspension, not shown, for example, in a vehicle in a partially cured state and then hold particularly firmly after the final curing, whereby the assembly of the cable set 402 is significantly simplified.
  • the final curing which in one variant is a complete curing, then advantageously takes place on the spot of the application, so that the hardening of the shell structure 406 takes place particularly accurately.
  • a heat source 418 here an engine of the vehicle.
  • the cable set 402 is attached to the engine, for example by means of the holding elements 412.
  • the final curing then takes place during the intended use of the cable set 402 by utilizing the waste heat of the heat source 418.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Processes Specially Adapted For Manufacturing Cables (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de fabrication d'un câble. L'invention concerne également un câble correspondant ainsi qu'une utilisation d'une matière pâteuse ou liquide.
PCT/EP2017/063189 2016-06-01 2017-05-31 Procéde de fabrication d'un câble, câble et utilisation d'une matière pour la fabrication d'un câble Ceased WO2017207649A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (8)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102016209622.2 2016-06-01
DE102016209620.6A DE102016209620A1 (de) 2016-06-01 2016-06-01 Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Kabels, Kabel und Verwendung eines pas-tösen Materials
DE102016209620.6 2016-06-01
DE102016209624.9 2016-06-01
DE102016209624.9A DE102016209624A1 (de) 2016-06-01 2016-06-01 Verfahren zur Ummantelung eines Kabels, Kabel und Verwendung eines Mantelmaterials zur Ummantelung eines Kabels
DE102016209622.2A DE102016209622A1 (de) 2016-06-01 2016-06-01 Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Kabelsatzes, Kabelsatz und Verwendung eines Mantelmaterials zur Herstellung eines Kabelsatzes
DE102016209623.0A DE102016209623A1 (de) 2016-06-01 2016-06-01 Verfahren zur Ummantelung eines Kabels, Kabel und Verwendung eines Mantelmaterials zur Ummantelung eines Kabels
DE102016209623.0 2016-06-01

Publications (1)

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WO2017207649A1 true WO2017207649A1 (fr) 2017-12-07

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PCT/EP2017/063189 Ceased WO2017207649A1 (fr) 2016-06-01 2017-05-31 Procéde de fabrication d'un câble, câble et utilisation d'une matière pour la fabrication d'un câble

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102017125177A1 (de) * 2017-10-26 2019-05-02 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e. V. Elektrisches Bauteil mit Isolationsschicht und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung
CN117316545A (zh) * 2023-11-30 2023-12-29 兴盛电缆有限公司 一种电缆加工用电缆芯包覆成型装置及方法

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4483808A (en) * 1982-02-18 1984-11-20 At&T Technologies, Inc. Methods of making a compositely insulated conductor having a layer of irradiation cross-linked polymeric material
DE3931224A1 (de) 1989-09-19 1991-03-28 Wacker Chemie Gmbh Verfahren zur ummantelung elektrischer leiter mit vinylchlorid-polymerisaten
WO2006016895A1 (fr) * 2004-07-13 2006-02-16 Southwire Company Cable electrique possedant une surface avec un coefficient de frottement reduit
EP1882574A1 (fr) * 2006-07-28 2008-01-30 Prettl, Rolf Agencement de moulage par injection et procédé destiné à injecter une pièce de formage et utilisation d'un agencement de moulage par injection
DE102012109502A1 (de) 2012-10-05 2014-06-12 Zeppelin Reimelt Gmbh Verfahren zur Herstellung einer anorganischen oder organischen pastösen schmelzeförmigen Masse

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4483808A (en) * 1982-02-18 1984-11-20 At&T Technologies, Inc. Methods of making a compositely insulated conductor having a layer of irradiation cross-linked polymeric material
DE3931224A1 (de) 1989-09-19 1991-03-28 Wacker Chemie Gmbh Verfahren zur ummantelung elektrischer leiter mit vinylchlorid-polymerisaten
WO2006016895A1 (fr) * 2004-07-13 2006-02-16 Southwire Company Cable electrique possedant une surface avec un coefficient de frottement reduit
EP1882574A1 (fr) * 2006-07-28 2008-01-30 Prettl, Rolf Agencement de moulage par injection et procédé destiné à injecter une pièce de formage et utilisation d'un agencement de moulage par injection
DE102012109502A1 (de) 2012-10-05 2014-06-12 Zeppelin Reimelt Gmbh Verfahren zur Herstellung einer anorganischen oder organischen pastösen schmelzeförmigen Masse

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102017125177A1 (de) * 2017-10-26 2019-05-02 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e. V. Elektrisches Bauteil mit Isolationsschicht und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung
CN117316545A (zh) * 2023-11-30 2023-12-29 兴盛电缆有限公司 一种电缆加工用电缆芯包覆成型装置及方法
CN117316545B (zh) * 2023-11-30 2024-02-27 兴盛电缆有限公司 一种电缆加工用电缆芯包覆成型装置及方法

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