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WO2017133845A1 - Procédé de reconstruction d'un objet de test lors d'un procédé de tomographie rayons x assistée par ordinateur dans une installation de tomographie rayons x assistée par ordinateur sans manipulateur - Google Patents

Procédé de reconstruction d'un objet de test lors d'un procédé de tomographie rayons x assistée par ordinateur dans une installation de tomographie rayons x assistée par ordinateur sans manipulateur Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017133845A1
WO2017133845A1 PCT/EP2017/000139 EP2017000139W WO2017133845A1 WO 2017133845 A1 WO2017133845 A1 WO 2017133845A1 EP 2017000139 W EP2017000139 W EP 2017000139W WO 2017133845 A1 WO2017133845 A1 WO 2017133845A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
ray
test object
markers
projection
ray detector
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/EP2017/000139
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Frank Herold
Philipp Klein
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Comet Yxlon GmbH
Original Assignee
Yxlon International GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Yxlon International GmbH filed Critical Yxlon International GmbH
Priority to PCT/EP2017/000139 priority Critical patent/WO2017133845A1/fr
Priority to DE112017000657.0T priority patent/DE112017000657A5/de
Publication of WO2017133845A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017133845A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T11/00—2D [Two Dimensional] image generation
    • G06T11/003—Reconstruction from projections, e.g. tomography
    • G06T11/005—Specific pre-processing for tomographic reconstruction, e.g. calibration, source positioning, rebinning, scatter correction, retrospective gating
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N23/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00
    • G01N23/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material
    • G01N23/04—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material and forming images of the material
    • G01N23/046—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material and forming images of the material using tomography, e.g. computed tomography [CT]
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T7/00—Image analysis
    • G06T7/70—Determining position or orientation of objects or cameras
    • G06T7/73—Determining position or orientation of objects or cameras using feature-based methods
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2223/00—Investigating materials by wave or particle radiation
    • G01N2223/30—Accessories, mechanical or electrical features
    • G01N2223/33—Accessories, mechanical or electrical features scanning, i.e. relative motion for measurement of successive object-parts
    • G01N2223/3307—Accessories, mechanical or electrical features scanning, i.e. relative motion for measurement of successive object-parts source and detector fixed; object moves
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2223/00—Investigating materials by wave or particle radiation
    • G01N2223/40—Imaging
    • G01N2223/401—Imaging image processing
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2223/00—Investigating materials by wave or particle radiation
    • G01N2223/40—Imaging
    • G01N2223/419—Imaging computed tomograph
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T2207/00—Indexing scheme for image analysis or image enhancement
    • G06T2207/10—Image acquisition modality
    • G06T2207/10072—Tomographic images
    • G06T2207/10081—Computed x-ray tomography [CT]
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T2207/00—Indexing scheme for image analysis or image enhancement
    • G06T2207/30—Subject of image; Context of image processing
    • G06T2207/30204—Marker
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T2211/00—Image generation
    • G06T2211/40—Computed tomography
    • G06T2211/416—Exact reconstruction

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for the reconstruction of a
  • Test object in an X-ray CT method in an X-ray CT system which has an X-ray source with focus, an X-ray detector but no manipulator.
  • Test objects taking account of a certain projection geometry from projections are known from the field of computed tomography. For such a reconstruction of a test object from projections of different projection directions in an X-ray CT apparatus, an exact knowledge of the projection geometry of each individual projection is required.
  • the projection geometry describes the relative position of the test object to the focus of the X-ray source and the X-ray detector.
  • Markers are special objects with known properties.
  • a marker is understood to mean an object that has at least one image feature that is unique in each projection performed
  • the markers To determine the projection geometry from a projection, at least three image features must be able to be determined. For this purpose, the markers must be determined in at least three positions within a projection, which are not in a trajectory belonging plane.
  • Image features may be present either within a single object (e.g., the corners of a triangle) or formed on multiple objects be (for example, three balls). Even small errors in the position determination can lead to large errors in the reconstructed
  • the projections used lie on a circle around the test object.
  • X-ray source is here as a trajectory or more precisely as
  • Projections directions are included. Depending on how completely the test object has been imaged along the so-called trajectory in the sense of the Tuy-Smith theorem (all planes through a test object have to intersect the trajectory of the x-ray source in at least one point), the more detailed the image of the reconstructed volume.
  • Computed tomography from an array of orthogonal linear axes and usually at least one axis of rotation to rotate the test object can.
  • a standard circular trajectory and a detector of 1,000 pixels wide typically requires more than 1,000 projections to reconstruct the volume.
  • the circle trajectory fulfills the Tuy-Smith theorem only for the middle layer, so more complex trajectories are preferable. The more different details from as few
  • Projection geometry the test object can be mapped within the projection surface.
  • the projection geometry must be at the time of reconstruction be known to allow an unambiguous assignment of the images to the projection geometry under which it was recorded, and then from a known reconstruction algorithm
  • the object of the invention is to provide a method with which a
  • the projection geometry can not be prepared with the help of such a manipulator beforehand. Therefore, it is also possible to have a test object too
  • X-ray detector moves.
  • the test object can be in free fall, for example on a helical path (analogous to a helix trajectory) or on a trajectory or roll down a ramp.
  • X-ray source and X-ray detector must be arranged fixedly in space. The projection geometry to everyone
  • Projection is calculated by an external observer from the respective X-ray image based on the known relative positions of the markers to one another.
  • the test object or the projection geometry are still unknown at the time of the individual recording.
  • This problem is solved in that a fixed arrangement of markers are fixedly connected during the preparation of the recordings with the test object.
  • the position of the markers can be chosen randomly. Only the distances to each other must not be variable. This means that the markers are also in fixed positions to the test object during the measurement.
  • the object with the markers for it is measured by means of a coordinate measuring system. The positions of each projected marker on the screen are recorded in each shot
  • the exact position of the test object in three-dimensional space can be subsequently determined. Then, by means of an algorithm known from the prior art (for example in the context of the use of the software "CERA Xplorer” of the company Siemens Healthcare GmbH), a three-dimensional reconstruction of the test object is carried out With the method according to the invention, it is no longer necessary to use a manipulator in X-ray -CT method to use and the cost factor manipulator is eliminated.
  • test object is fixed in a vessel, in particular a mesh basket or a hollow body, which in particular has the shape of a cylinder, and the markers are attached to the vessel.
  • the vessel must be suitable for fixing the test object.
  • fixation of the test object can be done for example by positive or negative pressure or by appropriate filler or
  • a cylinder is an advantageous shape; this can be designed as a barrel-shaped vessel.
  • a further advantageous embodiment of the invention provides that the vessel made of a material with the lowest possible
  • Mass attenuation coefficient exists. As a result, the smallest possible superimposition of the image of the test object through the vessel is achieved.
  • a further advantageous development of the invention provides that the material of the marker has a mass attenuation coefficient which is significantly different from that of the test object, in particular deviates from this by at least 20%. This will ensure that you are in the
  • the fluoroscopic image recognizes a clear difference between the image of the marker (s) and the structures of the test object.
  • a further advantageous development of the invention provides that all markers are made of the same material and / or balls. If all markers are made of the same material, the segmentation of the markers within the projection can be simplified, as only a certain gray scale range has to be searched for.
  • the spherical shape is an extremely suitable shape for a marker, because the center of gravity of a sphere due to the point symmetry of all
  • Projection directions can be accurately determined and balls can be machined very precisely. It is therefore particularly preferable if all markers are spheres. By incorporating the properties of the markers as spherical, this can be exploited as prior knowledge, because due to the symmetry of the center of gravity of the sphere is always mapped to the same point in space in the projection.
  • a further advantageous embodiment of the invention provides that the arbitrary web is a free fall, a screw path, a ballistic web, in particular a trajectory, or a roll on a ramp.
  • a further advantageous cost-saving development of the invention provides that the X-ray source and the X-ray detector are fixed to each other in space and their alignment with each other not with the highest precision must be done because the projection geometry can be calculated from the arrangement of the marker.
  • a further advantageous development of the invention provides that the motion blurring directly dependent on the exposure time of the X-ray detector is determined in each case by the evaluation of the markers. Through a generally iterative approach, the motion blur can be modeled and eliminated and thus the detail resolution can be increased. All specified in the dependent claims features of advantageous
  • the method according to the invention runs in a conventional X-ray CT system (for example the model "Y.MU56TB” from YXLON International GmbH), the manipulator used hitherto being omitted, for example the model "Y.TU-225- D04 "of the company YXLON International GmbH and as X-ray detector, for example, the model” XRD 0822 AP18 IND "from PerkinElmer used.
  • the inventive method is based on the use of a three-dimensional array of markers, which are visible in the X-ray projection and attached to a cylindrical vessel. Balls are used as markers, because the center of gravity of a sphere can be determined exactly from all projection directions due to the point symmetry, and balls can be made very precisely mechanically.
  • the markers and the vessel are made of materials whose mass attenuation coefficients are significantly different from the mass attenuation coefficient of the test object, for example, the mass attenuation coefficients differ by more than 50% from each other.
  • the fluoroscopic image shows a clear difference between the image of the marker or the vessel and the structures of the test object.
  • their size and number must also be taken into account.
  • the choice of a suitable size and the material are highly dependent on each other.
  • the number of markers should be based on the size, shape and magnification of the volume to be reconstructed. Since there is only a limited space available for the markers, their size and number can also compete with each other.
  • an unfavorable choice of material may entail unwanted side effects, such as X-ray scattering, and must therefore also be matched to the application.
  • a general rule for the correct choice of the three factors can not be formulated. Instead, the choice should be made individually for each application.
  • the arrangement of the markers must ensure that a sufficient number of markers are imaged in each projection image of a CT scan.
  • the arrangement of the markers takes place around the test object on the vessel.
  • the distribution of the markers can be done completely arbitrarily, as long as the previously this condition is not violated.
  • the number of markers may not be less than a minimum of three markers, but may be any size, provided that the
  • test object can be superimposed on its structures with the marker projections. Should the result of the reconstruction be adversely affected, this can be reduced by a clever arrangement of the markers.
  • the relative position of the markers relative to one another is determined by means of a known, highly accurate surveying method, for example by means of a coordinate measuring device, prior to the taking of the images.
  • a test object is set, so that the test object during the entire recording of the same in the X-ray CT system is fixed to the vessel and thus to the markers.
  • the fixation of the test object can be done for example by positive or negative pressure or by
  • the markers In the projection images, the markers must be found and identified.
  • marker projection The structure resulting from the imaging of a marker in the X-ray image is referred to below as marker projection.
  • the result is a binary image of the same size, which classifies each pixel as foreground or background. Due to the spherical shape of the markers, some assumptions about the mapping by this generated structure can be used in the projection image for identification. So it can be assumed that a minimal enclosing rectangle, which is spanned along the axes in the image coordinate system around a marker structure, is almost square. Accordingly, its aspect ratio is almost equal to one. In addition, the entire structure must be within a maximum radius of the center of the structure, with no background pixels within that radius. The area of the structures can also be used to evaluate whether it can be a marker structure. It should be noted, however, that the markers are located at different positions in the room and are therefore displayed differently magnified. So it makes sense to define the permissible area in an interval, as long as their position in the room can be limited accordingly.
  • the focus is determined for each structure that represents a marker.
  • the information extracted from the projection image then corresponds to a set of image coordinates, which respectively represent the position of a marker projection in the X-ray image. This is followed by an optimization calculation in order to determine the position of the markers in three-dimensional space.
  • the projection geometry is known for each projection image and thus also the exact position and orientation of the test object in the X-ray CT system.
  • the test object moves in the X-ray CT system on a completely freely selectable - possibly determined by chance - web.
  • the object - together with the vessel in which it is fixed - can be thrown on a trajectory through the X-ray CT system.
  • a ramp could also be installed between the x-ray tube and the x-ray detector, on which the cylindrical vessel rolls. It is particularly advantageous if the vessel by means of suitable guides and the gravity following a helical path.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Radiology & Medical Imaging (AREA)
  • Pulmonology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Computer Vision & Pattern Recognition (AREA)
  • Apparatus For Radiation Diagnosis (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de reconstruction d'un objet de test lors d'un procédé de tomographie rayons X assistée par ordinateur dans une installation de tomographie rayons X assistée par ordinateur, qui comprend une source de rayons X avec un foyer, un détecteur de rayons X mais pas de manipulateur. Les positions d'au moins trois marqueurs, qui sont reliés solidairement à un objet, sont déterminées au préalable avec précision ; ensuite, l'objet de test est fixé solidairement sur l'objet au moyen de mesures appropriées, cette fixation est effectuée pour la durée de la prise de radiographies de l'objet de test ; ensuite l'objet avec l'objet de test est déplacé sur une trajectoire quelconque entre la source de rayons X et le détecteur de rayons X par l'installation de tomographie rayons X assistée par ordinateur et des radiographies sont prises durant ce déplacement ; la géométrie de projection de chaque radiographie est calculée à partir des positions relatives connues des marqueurs les unes par rapport aux autres dans la radiographie respective ; ensuite, à l'aide de l'association de chaque radiographie à la géométrie de projection respective, une reconstruction de tomographie assistée par ordinateur de l'objet de test est exécutée au moyen d'un algorithme approprié.
PCT/EP2017/000139 2016-02-04 2017-02-03 Procédé de reconstruction d'un objet de test lors d'un procédé de tomographie rayons x assistée par ordinateur dans une installation de tomographie rayons x assistée par ordinateur sans manipulateur Ceased WO2017133845A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/EP2017/000139 WO2017133845A1 (fr) 2016-02-04 2017-02-03 Procédé de reconstruction d'un objet de test lors d'un procédé de tomographie rayons x assistée par ordinateur dans une installation de tomographie rayons x assistée par ordinateur sans manipulateur
DE112017000657.0T DE112017000657A5 (de) 2016-02-04 2017-02-03 Verfahren zur rekonstruktion eines prüfobjekts bei einem röntgen-ct-verfahren in einer röntgen-ct-anlage ohne manipulator

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102016001247 2016-02-04
DE102016001247.1 2016-02-04
PCT/EP2017/000139 WO2017133845A1 (fr) 2016-02-04 2017-02-03 Procédé de reconstruction d'un objet de test lors d'un procédé de tomographie rayons x assistée par ordinateur dans une installation de tomographie rayons x assistée par ordinateur sans manipulateur

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PCT/EP2017/000139 Ceased WO2017133845A1 (fr) 2016-02-04 2017-02-03 Procédé de reconstruction d'un objet de test lors d'un procédé de tomographie rayons x assistée par ordinateur dans une installation de tomographie rayons x assistée par ordinateur sans manipulateur

Country Status (2)

Country Link
DE (1) DE112017000657A5 (fr)
WO (1) WO2017133845A1 (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP4076900B1 (fr) 2019-12-17 2024-01-31 Sidel Participations Procede d'indexation angulaire d'une preforme
CN119715631A (zh) * 2024-12-11 2025-03-28 华中科技大学 铸件x射线探伤内部缺陷智能闭环处理方法及系统
EP4556897A4 (fr) * 2022-07-11 2025-11-05 Fujifilm Corp Gabarit de photographie et dispositif de traitement d'informations

Non-Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
FABIAN STOPP ET AL: "A Geometric Calibration Method for an Open Cone-Beam CT System", 12TH INTERNATIONAL MEETING ON FULLY 3D IMAGE RECONSTRUCTION, 16 June 2013 (2013-06-16), Lake Tahoe, California, pages 106 - 109, XP055361289 *
PHILIPP KLEIN ET AL: "Automatic Object Position Recognition: Increasing the Position-Accuracy in Robot CT", 6TH CONFERENCE ON INDUSTRIAL COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY, February 2016 (2016-02-01), Wels, Austria, XP055361576, Retrieved from the Internet <URL:http://www.ndt.net/search/docs.php3?id=18752> [retrieved on 20170404] *
PHILIPP KLEIN ET AL: "Comparison of Reconstruction Methods for Computed Tomography with Industrial Robots using Automatic Object Position Recognition", 19TH WORLD CONFERENCE ON NON-DESTRUCTIVE TESTING 2016, 13 June 2016 (2016-06-13), pages 1 - 8, XP055361119, Retrieved from the Internet <URL:http://www.ndt.net/article/wcndt2016/papers/mo1c2.pdf> [retrieved on 20170403] *

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP4076900B1 (fr) 2019-12-17 2024-01-31 Sidel Participations Procede d'indexation angulaire d'une preforme
EP4556897A4 (fr) * 2022-07-11 2025-11-05 Fujifilm Corp Gabarit de photographie et dispositif de traitement d'informations
CN119715631A (zh) * 2024-12-11 2025-03-28 华中科技大学 铸件x射线探伤内部缺陷智能闭环处理方法及系统

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