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WO2017133667A1 - Dérivés de pyrimidine et de pyridine et leur utilisation pour traiter ou prévenir la grippe, ou pour atténuer ses symptômes - Google Patents

Dérivés de pyrimidine et de pyridine et leur utilisation pour traiter ou prévenir la grippe, ou pour atténuer ses symptômes Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017133667A1
WO2017133667A1 PCT/CN2017/072837 CN2017072837W WO2017133667A1 WO 2017133667 A1 WO2017133667 A1 WO 2017133667A1 CN 2017072837 W CN2017072837 W CN 2017072837W WO 2017133667 A1 WO2017133667 A1 WO 2017133667A1
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Prior art keywords
optionally substituted
alkyl
mmol
group
carbocyclyl
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English (en)
Inventor
Xuefei Tan
Hong Shen
Jun Wu
Yongfu Liu
Dongbo Li
Lisha Wang
Werner Neidhart
Tianlai SHI
Guolong Wu
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Savira Pharmaceuticals GmbH
Europaisches Laboratorium fuer Molekularbiologie EMBL
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Savira Pharmaceuticals GmbH
Europaisches Laboratorium fuer Molekularbiologie EMBL
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/495—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with two or more nitrogen atoms as the only ring heteroatoms, e.g. piperazine or tetrazines
    • A61K31/4985—Pyrazines or piperazines ortho- or peri-condensed with heterocyclic ring systems
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/495—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with two or more nitrogen atoms as the only ring heteroatoms, e.g. piperazine or tetrazines
    • A61K31/50—Pyridazines; Hydrogenated pyridazines
    • A61K31/5025—Pyridazines; Hydrogenated pyridazines ortho- or peri-condensed with heterocyclic ring systems
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/495—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with two or more nitrogen atoms as the only ring heteroatoms, e.g. piperazine or tetrazines
    • A61K31/505—Pyrimidines; Hydrogenated pyrimidines, e.g. trimethoprim
    • A61K31/506—Pyrimidines; Hydrogenated pyrimidines, e.g. trimethoprim not condensed and containing further heterocyclic rings
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/495—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with two or more nitrogen atoms as the only ring heteroatoms, e.g. piperazine or tetrazines
    • A61K31/505—Pyrimidines; Hydrogenated pyrimidines, e.g. trimethoprim
    • A61K31/519—Pyrimidines; Hydrogenated pyrimidines, e.g. trimethoprim ortho- or peri-condensed with heterocyclic rings
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/495—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with two or more nitrogen atoms as the only ring heteroatoms, e.g. piperazine or tetrazines
    • A61K31/505—Pyrimidines; Hydrogenated pyrimidines, e.g. trimethoprim
    • A61K31/519—Pyrimidines; Hydrogenated pyrimidines, e.g. trimethoprim ortho- or peri-condensed with heterocyclic rings
    • A61K31/52—Purines, e.g. adenine
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
    • A61P31/12—Antivirals
    • A61P31/14—Antivirals for RNA viruses
    • A61P31/16—Antivirals for RNA viruses for influenza or rhinoviruses
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D403/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00
    • C07D403/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00 containing two hetero rings
    • C07D403/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00 containing two hetero rings directly linked by a ring-member-to-ring-member bond
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D471/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00
    • C07D471/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
    • C07D471/04—Ortho-condensed systems
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D487/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00
    • C07D487/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
    • C07D487/04—Ortho-condensed systems
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D519/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing more than one system of two or more relevant hetero rings condensed among themselves or condensed with a common carbocyclic ring system not provided for in groups C07D453/00 or C07D455/00

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a compound having the formula (I) , optionally in the form of a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, polymorph, prodrug, codrug, cocrystal, tautomer, racemate, enantiomer, or diastereomer or mixture thereof,
  • Influenza viruses belong to the Orthomyxoviridae family of RNA viruses Based on antigenic differences of viral nucleocapsid and matrix proteins, influenza viruses are further divided into three types named influenza A, B, and C viruses. All influenza viruses have an envelope, and their genomes are composed of eight or seven single-stranded, negative-sensed RNA segments. These viruses cause respiratory diseases in humans and animals with a significant morbidity and mortality.
  • the influenza pandemic of 1918, Spanish flu is thought to have killed up to 100 million people.
  • the reassortment of avian flu RNA fragments with circulating human viruses caused the other two pandemics in 1957 H2N2 ′′Asian influenza′′ and 1968 H3N2 ′′Hong Kong influenza′′ .
  • the prophylaxis is an effective method, at least in some populations, for preventing influenza virus infection and its potentially severe complications.
  • continuous viral antigenicity shifting and drifting makes future circulating flu strains unpredictable.
  • other anti-flu approaches such as anti-flu drugs are highly desirable.
  • neuraminidase inhibitors such as oseltamivir phosphate (Tamilflu) and zanamivir (Relenza)
  • M2 ion channel blockers such as amantadine and rimantadine.
  • H5N1 and related highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses could acquire mutations rendering them more easily transmissible between humans
  • the new A/H1N1 could become more virulent and only a single point mutation would be enough to confer resistance to oseltamivir (Neumann et al., Nature 2009, 18, 459 (7249) , 931-939) .
  • This has already happenend in the case of some seasonal H1N1 strains which have recently been identified (Dharan et al., The Journal of the American Medical Association, 2009, 301 (10) , 1034-1041; Moscona et al., The New England Journal of Medicine 2009, 360 (10) , 953-956) .
  • the unavoidable delay in generating and deploying a vaccine could in such cases be catastrophically costly in human lives and societal disruption.
  • anti-viral medicament may be facilitated by the availability of structural data of viral proteins.
  • structural data of influenza virus surface antigen neuraminidase has, e.g. led to the design of improved neuraminidase inhibitors (Von Itzstein et al., Nature 1993, 363, 418-423) .
  • active compounds which have been developed based on such structural data include zanamivir (Glaxo) and oseltamivir (Roche) .
  • these medicaments may lead to a reduction of the duration of the disease, there remains an urgent need for improved medicaments which may also be used for curing these diseases.
  • Adamantane-containing compounds such as amantadine and rimantadine are another example of active compounds which have been used in order to treat influenza. However, they often lead to side effects and have been found to be ineffective in a growing number of cases (Magden et al., Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 2005, 66, 612-621) .
  • Influenza viruses being Orthomyxoviridae are negative-sense ssRNA viruses.
  • viruses of this group include Arenaviridae, Bunyaviridae, Ophioviridae, Deltavirus, Bornaviridae, Filoviridae, Paramyxoviridae, Rhabdoviridae and Nyamiviridae. These viruses use negative-sense RNA as their genetic material. Single-stranded RNA viruses are classified as positive or negative depending on the sense or polarity of the RNA. Before transcription, the action of an RNA polymerase is necessary to produce positive RNA from the negative viral RNA. The RNA of a negative-sense virus (vRNA) alone is therefore considered non-infectious.
  • vRNA negative-sense virus
  • the trimeric viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase consisting of polymerase basic protein 1 (PB1) , polymerase basic protein 2 (PB2) and polymerase acidic protein (PA) subunits, is responsible for the transcription and replication of the viral RNA genome segments.
  • the ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex represents the minimal transcriptional and replicative machinery of an influenza virus.
  • the polymerase when comprised in the RNP complex, is also referred to as vRNP enzyme.
  • the viral RNA polymerase generates a complementary RNA (cRNA) replication intermediate, a full-length complement of the vRNA that serves as a template for the synthesis of new copies of vRNA.
  • cRNA complementary RNA
  • the viral RNA polymerase comprised in the RNP complex synthesizes capped and polyadenylated mRNA using 5′ capped RNA primers This process involves a mechanism called cap snatching.
  • the influenza polymerase uses host cell transcripts (capped pre-mRNAs) as primers for the synthesis of viral transcripts.
  • the nucleoprotein is an essential component of the viral transcriptional machinery
  • the polymerase complex which is responsible for transcribing the single-stranded negative-sense viral RNA into viral mRNAs and for replicatin9 the viral mRNAs, is thus a promising starting points for developing new classes of compounds which may be used in order to treat influenza (Fodor, Acta virologica 2013, 57, 113-122) .
  • the polymerase complex contains a number of functional active sites which are expected to differ to a considerable degree from functional sites present in proteins of cells functioning as hosts for the virus (Magden et al., Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 2005, 66, 612-621) .
  • a substituted 2, 6-diketopiperazine has been identified which selectively inhibits the cap-dependent transcriptase of influenza A and B viruses without having an effect on the activities of other polymerases (Tomassini et al., Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 1996, 40, 1189-1193) .
  • WO 2010/148197, WO 2012/083121, WO 2012/083117, WO 2012/083122 and WO 2013/184985 refer to specific compounds which are stated to be useful in inhibiting the replication of influenza viruses.
  • WO 2008/068171 discloses substituted pyrimidines and their use as modulators of c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK) .
  • the present invention provides a compound having the formula (I) .
  • a further embodiment of the present invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition
  • a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound having the formula (I) and optionally one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipient (s) and/or carrier(s) .
  • the compounds having the formula (I) are useful for treating, ameliorating or preventing influenza.
  • the terms used herein are defined as described in ′′A multilingual glossary of biotechnological terms: (IUPAC Recommendations) ′′ , Leuenberger, H.G. W, Nagel, B. and H. eds. (1995) , Helvetica Chimica Acta, CH-4010 Basel, Switzerland) .
  • alkyl′′ refers to a saturated straight or branched carbon chain, which preferably has 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
  • aryl′′ preferably refers to an aromatic monocyclic ring containing 5 or 6 carbon atoms, an aromatic bicyclic ring system containing 10 carbon atoms or an aromatic tricyclic ring system containing 14 carbon atoms. Examples are phenyl, naphthyl or anthracenyl, preferably phenyl.
  • Halogen′′ represents F, Cl, Br and I, more preferably F or Cl, even more preferably F.
  • heteroaryl′′ preferably refers to a five or six-membered aromatic ring wherein one or more of the carbon atoms in the ring have been replaced by 1, 2, 3, or 4 (for the five membered ring) or 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 (for the six membered ring) of the same or different heteroatoms, whereby the heteroatoms are selected from O, N and S. Examples of the heteroaryl group are given below.
  • heterocyclyl′′ covers any mono-, bi- or polycyclic ring system which includes one or more heteroatoms in the ring system, whereby the heteroatoms are the same or different and are selected from O, N and S.
  • the ring system includes 3 to 15 ring atoms. More preferably the ring system is mono- or bicyclic and has 5 to 10 ring atoms, even more preferably the ring system is monocyclic and has 5 or 6 ring atoms.
  • the ring system can include 1 to 4, more typically 1 or 2 heteroatoms at available positions.
  • the term ′′heterocyclyl′′ also covers heteroaryl rings.
  • Examples include azetidine, pyrrole, pyrrolidine, oxolane, furan, imidazolidine, imidazole, pyrazole, oxazolidine, oxazole, thiazole, piperidine, pyridine, morpholine, piperazine, and dioxolane.
  • the term ′′carbocyclyl′′ covers any mono-, bi- or polycyclic ring system which does not include heteroatoms in the ring.
  • the ring system includes 3 to 15 ring atoms. More preferably the ring system is mono- or bicyclic and has 5 to 10 ring atoms, even more preferably the ring system is monocyclic and has 5 or 6 ring atoms.
  • the term ′′carbocyclic ring′′ also covers aryl rings.
  • a further example of a ′′carbocyclic ring′′ is a C 3-6 cycloalkyl ring.
  • saturated monocyclic carbocyclic ring refers to any saturated monocyclic ring which does not include heteroatoms in the ring.
  • a compound or moiety is referred to as being ′′optionally substituted′′ it can in each instance include one or more of the indicated substituents, whereby the substituents can be the same or different.
  • saturated bridged heterocyclic ring having 5 to 8 ring carbon atoms and 0 to 2 heteroatoms in the ring, and 0 to 2 carbon atoms and 0 to 2 heteroatoms in the bridge′′ refers to any saturated monocyclic ring having 5 to 8 ring carbon atoms which may or may not include heteroatoms in the ring, and which may or may not contain carbon atoms and/or heteroatoms in the bridge, provided that there is at least one carbon atom or at least one heteroatom in the bridge.
  • the bridge may be formed by connecting two atoms of the ring via the bridge.
  • the saturated bridged heterocyclic ring has at least one heteroatom, either in the ring or in the bridge and may contain up to two heteroatoms in the ring and/or the bridge.
  • Suitable pharmaceutically acceptable salts include acid addition salts which may, for example, be formed by mixing a solution of compounds of the present invention with a solution of a pharmaceutically acceptable acid such as hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, fumaric acid, maleic acid, succinic acid, acetic acid, benzoic acid, citric acid, tartaric acid, carbonic acid or phosphoric acid.
  • a pharmaceutically acceptable acid such as hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, fumaric acid, maleic acid, succinic acid, acetic acid, benzoic acid, citric acid, tartaric acid, carbonic acid or phosphoric acid.
  • suitable pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof may include alkali metal salts (e.g, sodium or potassium salts) ; alkaline earth metal salts (e.g., calcium or magnesium salts) ; and salts formed with suitable organic ligands (e.g., ammonium, quaternary ammonium and amine cations formed using counteranions such as halide, hydroxide, carboxylate, sulfate, phosphate, nitrate, alkyl sulfonate and aryl sulfonate) .
  • alkali metal salts e.g, sodium or potassium salts
  • alkaline earth metal salts e.g., calcium or magnesium salts
  • suitable organic ligands e.g., ammonium, quaternary ammonium and amine cations formed using counteranions such as halide, hydroxide, carboxylate, sulfate, phosphate, nitrate, alkyl sulfonate and ary
  • compositions include, but are not limited to, acetate, adipate, alginate, ascorbate, aspartate, benzenesulfonate, benzoate, bicarbonate, bisulfate, bitartrate, borate, bromide, butyrate, calcium edetate, camphorate, camphorsulfonate, camsylate, carbonate, chloride, citrate, clavulanate, cyclopentanepropionate, digluconate, dihydrochloride, dodecylsulfate, edetate, edisylate, estolate, esylate, ethanesulfonate, formate, fumarate, gluceptate, glucoheptonate, gluconate, glutamate, glycerophosphate, glycolylarsanilate, hemisulfate, heptanoate, hexanoate, hexylresorcinate
  • the structure can contain solvent molecules.
  • the solvents are typically pharmaceutically acceptable solvents and include, among others, water (hydrates) or organic solvents. Examples of possible solvates include ethanolates and iso-propanolates.
  • ′′codrug′′ refers to two or more therapeutic compounds bonded via a covalent chemical bond.
  • a detailed definition can be found, e.g., in N. Das et al., European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 41, 2010, 571-588.
  • ′′cocrystal′′ refers to a multiple component crystal in which all components are solid under ambient conditions when in their pure form . These components co-exist as a stoichiometric or non-stoichometric ratio of a target molecule or ion (i.e., compound of the present invention) and one or more neutral molecular cocrystal formers.
  • the compounds of the present invention can also be provided in the form of a prodrug, namely a compound which is metabolized in vivo to the active metabolite.
  • a prodrug namely a compound which is metabolized in vivo to the active metabolite.
  • Common groups which can be attached to the compounds of the present invention are disclosed in Nature Reviews -Drug Discovery 2008, vol. 7, pages 255 to 270, the entire content of which is included herein by reference, in particular the examples of groups suitable for prodrugs.
  • Carboxyl groups in general, can be converted into esters, thioesters, carbonates, amides or carbamates. This applies in particular to carboxyl groups in and on Rings A and B.
  • Hydroxyl functionalities can be converted into esters, carbonates, ethers or phosphates.
  • esters include esters formed by reaction with one or more amino acids.
  • Futhermore, prodrugs of compounds having hydroxyl functionalities may be formed by oxidation of the hydroxyl functionalities to carboxyl functionalities.
  • Thiol functionalities can be converted into thioesters or thioethers.
  • Amino functionalities can be converted into amides, carbamates, N-mannich bases, oximes, imines or phosphates.
  • the phosphates may also be attached via C 1-4 -alkyleneglycol linkers, e.g. resulting in phosphonooxyalkyl amides.
  • the amides include amides formed by reaction with one or more amino acids.
  • Substituedthiol functionalities can be converted into sulfoxides or sulfones.
  • Carbonyl groups can be converted into oximes or imines. This applies in particular to ketones, amidines and guanidines.
  • Phosphonates can be converted into phosphonate esters or phosphonate phosphates.
  • the present invention provides a compound having the formula (I):
  • the present invention provides a compound having the formula (I) in which the following definitions apply.
  • R 1 is selected from the group consisting of -H, -halogen, -CN, -C (O) R ** , -COOR ** , -C (O) NR ** R ** , -NR ** R ** , -NR ** -C (O) R ** , -N (R ** ) -C (O) -OR ** , -N (R ** ) -C (O) -NR ** R ** , -N (R ** ) -S (O) 2 R ** , - (optionally substituted C 1-6 alkyl) , -OR ** , - (optionally substituted heterocyclyl) , - (optionally substituted C 1-4 alkylene) - (optionally substituted heterocyclyl) , - (optionally substituted carbocyclyl) , and - (optionally substituted C 1-4 alkylene) - (optionally substituted carbocyclyl) , wherein R ** is H, -
  • the - (optionally substituted) can be independently -halogen, -CN, -NO 2 , oxo, -C (O) R *** , -COOR *** , -C (O) NR *** R *** , -NR *** R *** , -NR *** -C (O) R *** , -N (R *** ) -C (O) -OR *** , -N (R *** ) -C (O) -NR *** R *** , -N (R *** ) -S (O) 2 R *** , -OR *** , -O-C (O) R *** , -O-C (O) -NR *** R *** , -SR *** , -S (O) R *** , -S (O) 2 R *** , -S (O) 2 -NR *** R *** , -N (R *** )
  • the - (optionally substituted) can be any of the aforementioned substituents or can be C 1-6 alkyl.
  • R *** is H, C 1-6 alkyl, heterocyclyl or carbocyclyl.
  • R 1 is selected from the group consisting of -H, -halogen, -CN, - (optionally substituted C 1-6 alkyl) , - (optionally substituted C 3-6 cycloalkyl, and -OR ** , wherein R ** is H, - (optionally substituted C 1-6 alkyl) , - (optionally substituted heterocyclyl) , - (optionally substituted carbocyclyl) .
  • the - (optionally substituted) can be independently -halogen, -CN, -NO 2 , oxo, -C (O) R *** , -COOR *** , -C (O) NR *** R *** , -NR *** R *** , -NR *** -C (O) R *** , -N (R *** ) -C (O) -OR *** , -N (R *** ) -C (O) -NR *** R *** , -N (R *** ) -S (O) 2 R *** , -OR *** , -O-C (O) R *** , -O-C (O) -NR *** R *** , -SR *** , -S (O) R *** , -S (O) 2 R *** , -S (O) 2 -NR *** R *** , -N (R *** )
  • the - (optionally substituted) can be any of the aforementioned substituents or can be C 1-6 alkyl.
  • R *** is H, C 1-6 alkyl, heterocyclyl or carbocyclyl. More preferably R 1 is selected from the group consisting of -H, -halogen, -CN, - (optionally substituted C 1-6 alkyl) , and - (optionally substituted C 3-6 cycloalkyl) .
  • the - (optionally substituted) is preferred to be halogen.
  • R 1 is selected from -H, -halogen, -CN, -CH 3 , -CH 2 CH 3 , -CH (CH 3 ) 2 , -cyclopropyl, -CF 3 , -CHF 2 , and -CH 2 F. Most preferably R 1 is selected from -H, -F, -Cl, -CN, -CH 3 , and -cyclopropyl.
  • R 2 is selected from the group consisting of -H, -halogen, -CN, -C (O) R ** , -COOR ** , -C (O) NR ** R ** , -NR ** R ** , -NR ** -C (O) R ** , -N (R ** ) -C (O) -OR ** , -N (R ** ) -C (O) -NR ** R ** , -N (R ** ) -S (O) 2 R ** , - (optionally substituted C 1-6 alkyl) , - (optionally substituted C 3-6 cycloalkyl, -OR ** , -SR ** , -S (O) R ** , -S (O) 2 R ** , - (optionally substituted heterocyclyl) , - (optionally substituted C 1-4 alkylene) - (optionally substituted heterocyclyl) , - (optionally substituted carbocycl
  • the - (optionally substituted) can be independently -halogen, -CN, -NO 2 , oxo, -C (O) R *** , -COOR *** , -C (O) NR *** R *** , -NR *** R *** , -NR *** -C (O) R *** , -N (R *** ) -C (O) -OR *** , -N (R *** ) -C (O) -NR *** R *** , -N (R *** ) -S (O) 2 R *** , -OR *** , -O-C (O) R *** , -O-C (O) -NR *** R *** , -SR *** , -S (O) R *** , -S (O) 2 R *** , -S (O) 2 -NR *** R *** , -N (R *** )
  • the - (optionally substituted) can be any of the aforementioned substituents or can be C 1-6 alkyl.
  • R *** is H, C 1-6 alkyl, benzyl, heterocyclyl or carbocyclyl.
  • R 2 is selected from the group consisting of -H, -halogen, -CN, -C (O) R ** , -COOR ** , -C (O) NR ** R ** , -NR ** R ** , -NR ** -C (O) R ** , -N (R ** ) -C (O) -OR ** , -N (R ** ) -C (O) -NR ** R ** , -N (R ** ) -S (O) 2 R ** , - (optionally substituted C 1-6 alkyl) , - (optionally substituted C 3- 6 cycloalkyl, -OR ** , - (optionally substituted heterocyclyl) , - (optionally substituted C 1-4 alkylene) - (optionally substituted heterocyclyl) , - (optionally substituted carbocyclyl) , and - (optionally substituted C 1-4 alkylene) - (optionally substituted
  • the - (optionally substituted) can be independently -halogen, -CN, -NO 2 , oxo, -C (O) R *** , -COOR *** , -C (O) NR *** R *** , -NR *** R *** , -NR *** -C (O) R *** , -N (R *** ) -C (O) -OR *** , -N (R *** ) -C (O) -NR *** R *** , -N (R *** ) -S (O) 2 R *** , -OR *** , -O-C (O) R *** , -O-C (O) -NR *** R *** , -SR *** , -S (O) R *** , -S (O) 2 R *** , -S (O) 2 -NR *** R *** , -N (R *** )
  • the- (optionally substituted) can be any of the aforementioned substituents or can be C 1-6 alkyl.
  • R *** is H, C 1-6 alkyl, heterocyclyl or carbocyclyl.
  • R 2 is selected from the group consisting of -H, -halogen, -CN, -NR ** R ** , -NR ** -C (O) R ** , -N (R ** ) -C (O) -OR ** , -N (R ** ) -C (O) -NR ** R ** , -N (R ** ) -S (O) 2 R ** , -OR ** , - (optionally substituted C 1-6 alkyl) , - (optionally substituted C 3-6 cycloalkyl) , - (optionally substituted C 1-4 alkylene) - (optionally substituted heterocyclyl) , - (optionally substituted C 1-4 alkylene) - (optionally substituted carbocyclyl) ,wherein R ** is H, - (optionally substituted C 1-6 alkyl) , - (optionally substituted heterocyclyl) , or - (optionally substituted carbocyclyl
  • the - (optionally substituted) can be independently -halogen, -CN, -NO 2 , oxo, -C (O) R *** , -COOR *** , -C (O) NR *** R *** , -NR *** R *** , -NR *** -C (O) R *** , -N (R *** ) -C (O) -OR *** , -N (R *** ) -C (O) -NR *** R *** , -N (R *** ) -S (O) 2 R *** , -OR *** , -O-C (O) R *** , -O-C (O) -NR *** R *** , -SR *** , -S (O) R *** , -S (O) 2 R *** , -S (O) 2 -NR *** R *** , -N (R *** )
  • the - (optionally substituted) can be any of the aforementioned substituents or can be C 1-6 alkyl.
  • R *** is H, C 1-6 alkyl, heterocyclyl or carbocyclyl. Even more preferably R 2 is -H.
  • R 3 is selected from the group consisting of -H, -halogen, -CN, -NO 2 , -C (O) R ** , -COOR ** , -C (O) NR ** R ** , -OR ** , -SR ** , -S (O) R ** , -S (O) 2 R ** , - (optionally substituted C 1-6 alkyl) , - (optionally substituted C 3-6 cycloalkyl) , - (optionally substituted C 1-4 alkylene) (optionally substituted heterocyclyl) , - (optionally substituted C 1-4 alkylene) - (optionally substituted carbocyclyl) , wherein R ** is H, - (optionally substituted C 1-6 alkyl) , - (optionally substituted heterocyclyl) , or - (optionally substituted carbocyclyl) .
  • the - (optionally substituted) can be independently -halogen, -CN, -NO 2 , oxo, -C (O) R *** , -COOR *** , -C (O) NR *** R *** , -NR *** R *** , -NR *** -C (O) R *** , -N (R *** ) -C (O) -OR *** , -N (R *** ) -C (O) -NR *** R *** , -N (R *** ) -S (O) 2 R *** , -OR *** , -O-C (O) R *** , -O-C (O) -NR *** R *** , -SR *** , -S (O) R *** , -S (O) 2 R *** , -S (O) 2 -NR *** R *** , -N (R *** )
  • the - (optionally substituted) can be any of the aforementioned substituents or can be C 1-6 alkyl.
  • R *** is H, C 1-6 alkyl, benzyl, heterocyclyl or carbocyclyl.
  • R 3 is selected from the group consisting of -H, -halogen, -CN, -NO 2 , -C (O) R ** , -COOR ** , -C (O) NR ** R ** , -OR ** , - (optionally substituted C 1-6 alkyl) , - (optionally substituted C 3-6 cycloalkyl) , - (optionally substituted C 1-4 alkylene) - (optionally substituted heterocyclyl) , - (optionally substituted C 1-4 alkylene) - (optionally substituted carbocyclyl) , wherein R ** is H, - (optionally substituted C 1-6 alkyl) , - (optionally substituted heterocyclyl) , or - (optionally substituted carbocyclyl) .
  • the - (optionally substituted) can be independently -halogen, -CN, -NO 2 , oxo, -C (O) R *** , -COOR *** , -C (O) NR *** R *** , -NR *** R *** , -NR *** -C (O) R *** , -N (R *** ) -C (O) -OR *** , -N (R *** ) -C (O) -NR *** R *** , -N (R *** ) -S (O) 2 R *** , -OR *** , -O-C (O) R *** , -O-C (O) -NR *** R *** , -SR *** , -S (O) R *** , -S (O) 2 R *** , -S (O) 2 -NR *** R *** , -N (R *** )
  • the - (optionally substituted) can be any of the aforementioned substituents or can be C 1-6 alkyl.
  • R *** is H, C 1-6 alkyl, heterocyclyl or carbocyclyl.
  • R 3 is selected from the group consisting of -H, -halogen, -CN, -OR ** , - (optionally substituted C 1-6 alkyl) , - (optionally substituted C 1-4 alkylene) - (optionally substituted heterocyclyl) , - (optionally substituted C 1-4 alkylene) - (optionally substituted carbocyclyl) , wherein R ** is H, - (optionally substituted C 1-6 alkyl) , - (optionally substituted heterocyclyl) , or - (optionally substituted carbocyclyl) .
  • the - (optionally substituted) can be independently-halogen, -CN, oxo, -C (O) R *** , -COOR *** , -C (O) NR *** R *** , -NR *** R *** , -NR *** -C (O) R *** -N (R *** ) -C (O) -OR *** , -N (R *** ) -C (O) -NR *** R *** , -N (R *** ) -S (O) 2 R *** , -OR *** , -O-C (O) R *** , -O-C (O) -NR *** R *** , -SR *** , -S (O) R *** , -S (O) 2 R *** , -S (O) 2 -NR *** R *** , -N (R *** ) -S (O) 2 -
  • the - (optionally substituted) can be any of the aforementioned substituents or can be C 1-6 alkyl.
  • R *** is H, C 1-6 alkyl, heterocyclyl or carbocyclyl. Even more preferably R 3 is-halogen.
  • R 2 and R 3 are linked together to form, with the carbon atoms to which they are attached, a carbocyclic or heterocyclic 5 to 7-membered ring which optionally comprises 0 to 3 heteroatoms(e.g., selected from N, O and S, particularly N or O, more particularly N) in the ring and which may be substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from R 6 .
  • a carbocyclic or heterocyclic 5 to 7-membered ring which optionally comprises 0 to 3 heteroatoms(e.g., selected from N, O and S, particularly N or O, more particularly N) in the ring and which may be substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from R 6 .
  • R 2 and R 3 are linked together to form, with the carbon atoms to which they are attached, a 5 or 6-membered carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring which comprises 0, 1 or 2 heteroatoms (e.g., selected from N, O and S, particularly N or O, more particularly N) in the ring and which may be substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from R 6 .
  • a 5 or 6-membered carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring which comprises 0, 1 or 2 heteroatoms (e.g., selected from N, O and S, particularly N or O, more particularly N) in the ring and which may be substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from R 6 .
  • the substructure when R 2 and R 3 are linked together to form, with the carbon atoms to which they are attached, a carbocyclic or heterocyclic 5 to 7-membered ring which optionally comprises 0 to 3 heteroatoms in the ring, the substructure can be chosen from the following non-limiting examples:
  • R 4 is selected from the group consisting of -H and - (optionally substituted C 1-6 alkyl) , - (optionally substituted carbocyclyl) , and - (optionally substituted heterocyclyl) , wherein the - (optionally substituted) can be independently -halogen, -CN, -NO 2 , oxo, -C (O) R ** , -COOR ** , -C (O) NR ** R ** , -NR ** R ** , -NR ** R ** , -NR ** -C (O) R ** , -N (R ** ) -C (O) -OR ** , -N (R ** ) -C (O) -NR ** R ** , -N (R ** ) -S (O) 2 R ** , -OR ** , -O-C (O) R ** , -O-C (O) -NR ** R ** , -SR **
  • the - (optionally substituted) can be any of the aforementioned substituents or can be C 1-6 alkyl.
  • R ** is H, C 1-6 alkyl or C 3-6 cycloalkyl which can optionally be substituted with halogen.
  • R 4 is -C 1-6 alkyl or -H, more preferably -H.
  • R 5a is selected from the group consisting of -halogen, -OR * , and -CN, wherein R * is - (optionally substituted C 1-6 alkyl) , - (optionally substituted heterocyclyl) , or - (optionally substituted carbocyclyl) .
  • R 5a is selected from the group consisting of -halogen, -CN, and -O- (optionally substituted C 1-6 alkyl) .
  • R 5b is selected from the group consisting of -H, - (optionally substituted C 1-6 alkyl) ,- (optionally substituted heterocyclyl) , - (optionally substituted carbocyclyl) , - (optionally substituted C 1-4 alkylene) - (optionally substituted heterocyclyl) and - (optionally substituted C 1-4 alkylene) - (optionally substituted carbocyclyl) , wherein R * is - (optionally substituted C 1-6 alkyl) , - (optionally substituted heterocyclyl) , or - (optionally substituted carbocyclyl) .
  • R 5 is selected from the group consisting of -H, - (optionally substituted C 1-6 alkyl) , - (optionally substituted heterocyclyl) , and - (optionally substituted carbocyclyl) .
  • R 5b is selected from the group consisting of -H, - (optionally substituted C 1-6 alkyl) , - (optionally substituted heterocyclyl) , and - (optionally substituted carbocyclyl) .
  • the - (optionally substituted heterocyclyl) and - (optionally substituted carbocyclyl) may furthermore be bridged and the bridge may contain 0 to 2 carbon atoms and 0 to 2 heteroatoms.
  • the - (optionally substituted) can be independently -halogen, -CN, -CF 3 , -CHF 2 , -CH 2 F, -OCF 3 , -OCHF 2 , -OCH 2 F, -NR * R * , -NR * COR * , -NR * C (O) NR * R * , -NR * S (O 2 ) NR * R * , -C (O) OR * , -C (O) NR * R * , -OR * , or -O-C 1-6 alkyl, wherein each R * is H, C 1-6 alkyl or C 3-6 cycloalkyl.
  • the - (optionally substituted) can be any of the aforementioned substituents or can be C 1-6 alkyl.
  • R 6 is independently selected from the group consisting of -H, -Hal, -OR ** , Oxo, -CN, -NO 2 , -C (O) R ** , -COOR ** , -C (O) NR ** R ** , -NR ** R ** , -NR ** C (O) R ** , -NR ** C (O) NR ** R ** , -NR ** S (O 2 ) NR ** R ** R ** , - (CH 2 ) p SR ** , - (CH 2 ) p S (O) R ** , - (CH 2 ) p SO 2 R ** , - (CH 2 ) p SO 2 NR ** , - (optionally substituted C 1-6 alkyl) , -O- (optionally substituted C 1-6 alkyl) , - (optionally substituted carbocyclyl) and - (optionally substituted heterocyclyl) , wherein R ** is H,
  • the - (optionally substituted) can be independently -H, -halogen, -OH, and -CN.
  • R 6 is independently selected from the group consisting of -H, -Hal, -OR ** , -CN, -NO 2 , -C (O) R ** , -COOR ** , -C (O) NR ** R ** , -NR ** R ** , -NR ** C (O) R ** , -NR ** C (O) NR ** R ** , -NR ** S (O 2 ) NR ** R ** R ** R ** R ** R ** R ** , - (CH 2 ) p SR ** , - (CH 2 ) p S (O) R ** , - (CH 2 ) p SO 2 R ** , - (CH 2 ) p SO 2 NR ** , - (optionally substituted C 1-6 alkyl) , -O- (optionally substituted C 1-6 alkyl)
  • the - (optionally substituted) can be independently -H, -halogen, -OH, and -CN. More preferably, R 6 is selected from the group consisting of -H, -Hal, and - (optionally substituted C 1-6 alkyl) . The optionally substituted is preferred to be -halogen.
  • R 7 is selected from the group consisting of of -H and -C 1-6 alkyl.
  • R 7 is -H or -CH 3 , more preferably R 7 is -H.
  • R 8 is independently selected from the group consisting of -H, -Hal, -CN, -NR ** R ** , - (optionally substituted C 1-6 alkyl) , -OR ** , - (optionally substituted heterocyclyl) , - (optionally substituted carbocyclyl) , wherein R ** is H, - (optionally substituted C 1-6 alkyl) , - (optionally substituted heterocyclyl) , or - (optionally substituted carbocyclyl) .
  • the - (optionally substituted) is preferably halogen.
  • R 8 is -H.
  • R 9 is independently selected from the group consisting of -H, -C 1-6 alkyl, -Hal, -OR * , -NR * R * , -CN, and CF 3 , wherein R * is -H or -C 1-6 alkyl. -Preferably R 9 is -H or -Hal.
  • R 10 is independently selected from the group consisting of -H, -Hal, -CN, -NO 2 , - (optionally substituted C 1-6 alkyl) , -NR * R * , and -OR * , wherein R * is -H, or - (optionally substituted C 1-6 alkyl) .
  • The- (optionally substituted) is preferably halogen.
  • R 10 is -H .
  • X 1 is selected from the group consisting of N and C. In one embodiment, X 1 is N. In another embodiment X 1 is C.
  • X 2 is selected from the group consisting of N and CR 9 . In one embodiment, X 2 is N. In another embodiment, X 2 is CR 9 .
  • any compound containing the tautomer thereof having the following partial structure is also comprised.
  • X 4 is selected from the group consisting of N and CR 9 .
  • X 4 is N.
  • X 4 is CR 9 .
  • X 4 is C-Hal (e.g., C-F) , wherein Hal may be any halogen isotope.
  • X 5 is selected from the group consisting of N and CR 8 . In one embodiment, X 5 is N. In another embodiment, X 5 is CR 8 .
  • X 6 is selected from the group consisting of N and CR 1 .
  • X 6 is N.
  • X 6 is CR 1 , wherein R 1 is preferably -H, -halogen, -CN, -CH 3 , -CH 2 CH 3 , -CH (CH 3 ) 2 , -cyclopropyl, -CF 3 , -CHF 2 , or -CH 2 F.
  • X 7 is selected from the group consisting of N and CR 8 . In one embodiment, X 7 is N. In another embod ment, X 7 is CR 8 .
  • X 8 is selected from the group consisting of N and CR 10 . In one embodiment, X 8 is N. In another embodiment, X 8 is CR 10 .
  • the ring A is a saturated monocyclic carbocyclic ring having 5 to 8 ring carbon atoms or a saturated bridged carbocyclic ring having 5 to 8 ring carbon atoms and 1 to 3 carbon atoms in the bridge or a saturated bridged heterocyclic ring having 5 to 8 ring carbon atoms and 0 to 2 heteroatoms (e.g., selected from N, O and S) in the ring, and 0 to 2 carbon atoms and 0 to 2 heteroatoms (e.g., selected from N, O and S) in the bridge, provided that there is at leastone heteroatom in the saturated bridged heterocyclic ring, which may be either in the main ring or in the bridge.
  • the ring A is a saturated monocyclic carbocyclic ring having 5 or 6 ring carbon atoms or a saturated bridged carbocyclic ring having 6 or 7 ring carbon atoms and 1 or 2 carbon atoms in the bridge or a saturated bridged heterocyclic ring having 6 or 7 ring carbon atoms, and 1 or 2 carbon atoms and 1 to 2 hetero atoms in the bridge (e.g., selected from N, O and S) .
  • Preferred examples of the ring A include
  • each W is independently selected from C, N, O and S, wherein ring A can be substituted in any available position by one or two substituents which are selected from the group consisting of -L-R 5 .
  • the corners of the ring A in are not limited to represent substituted or unsubstituted carbon atoms but one or more of these corners may also represent substituted or unsubstituted heteroatoms (e.g., selected from N, O and S) .
  • the ring A can be optionally substituted in any available position by one or more substituents which are selected from the group consisting of -L-R 5 .
  • the ring A is substituted, for example by one or two substituents.
  • the ring A can be attached to the -N (R 4 ) -moiety at any available position.
  • the ring B is fused to the ring A.
  • the ring B is a saturated monocyclic carbocyclic ring having 3 to 6 ring carbon atoms.
  • the ring B is a saturated monocyclic carbocyclic ring having 3 ring carbon atoms.
  • a preferred example of the ring B is
  • the ring B can be optionally substituted in any available position by one or more substituents which are selected from the group consisting of -L-R 5 .
  • the ring is unsubstituted.
  • -L-R 5 is selected from -L a -R 5a and -L b -R 5b , preferably -L-R 5 is -L b -R 5b .
  • L a is selected from the group consisting of - (CH 2 ) p -C (O) -, - (CH 2 ) p -CR 7 (OR 7 ) -, - (CH 2 ) p -C (O) -N (R 7 ) - (CH 2 ) p -, - (CH 2 ) p -N (R 7 ) -C (O) - (CH 2 ) p -, - (CH 2 ) p -N (R 7 ) -S (O) 2 -, - (CR 7 R 7 ) p -S (O) -, - (CR 7 R 7 ) p -S (O) 2 -, - (CR 7 R 7 ) p -S (O) 2 -, - (CR 7 R 7 ) p -S (O) 2 -, - (CR 7 R 7 ) p -S (O) 2 -, - (
  • the optionally substituent of the heterocyclyene is independently selected from one or more groups selected from -Hal, -CN, -NO 2 , -OH and -NH 2 .
  • the substituted heterocyclylene is preferably selected from 5-or 6-membered heterocyclene containing 1 to 4 heteroatoms independently selected from N, O and S. Specific examples of substituted heterocyclylenes are the following:
  • L b is selected from the group consisting of - (CH 2 ) p -C (O) -O-, - (CH 2 ) p -C (O) -, - (CH 2 ) p -CR 7 (OR 7 ) -, - (CH 2 ) p -C (O) -N (R 7 ) - (CH 2 ) p -, - (CH 2 ) p -N (R 7 ) -, - (CH 2 ) p -N (R 7 ) -, - (CH 2 ) p -N (R 7 ) -C (O) - (CH 2 ) p -, - (CH 2 ) p -N (R 7 ) -C (O) -C (O) -, - (CH 2 ) p -N (R 7 ) -C (O) -C (O) -, - (CH 2 ) p
  • the optionally substituent of the heterocyclyene is independently selected from one or more groups selected from -Hal, -CN, -NO 2 , -OH and -NH 2 .
  • the substituted heterocyclylene is preferably selected from 5- or 6-membered heterocyclene containing 1 to 4 heteroatoms independently selected from N, O and S. Specific examples of substituted heterocyclylenes are shown above.
  • L b is selected from the group consisting of -C (O) -O-, -C (O) -N (R 7 ) -, -N (R 7 ) -C (O) -, -N (R 7 ) -C (O) -N (R 7 ) -, and - (CR 7 R 7 ) p -O-.
  • L b is -C (O) -O-, -N (R 7 ) -C (O) -or -N (R 7 ) -C (O) -N (R 7 ) -.
  • ring A is selected from and L b is -C (O) O-.
  • ring A is and L b is selected from -N (R 7 ) -C (O) -and -N (R 7 ) -C (O) -N (R 7 ) .
  • L b is - (CR 7 R 7 ) p -O-.
  • R 5b is preferably -H or - (optionally substituted C 1-6 alkyl) , more preferably -H or -C 1-6 alkyl.
  • L b is selected from the group consisting of -C (O) -O-, -O-C (O) -, -C (O) -N (R 7 ) -, -N (R 7 ) -C (O) - -N (R 7 ) -C (O) -N (R 7 ) and R 5b is selected from the group consisting of -H, - (optionally substituted C 1-6 alkyl) , - (optionally substituted heterocyclyl) , and - (optionally substituted carbocyclyl) , more preferably R 5b is selected from the group consisting of -H, -C 1-6 alkyl, - (optionally substituted heterocycly l) , and - (optionally substituted carbocyclyl) .
  • n 1 to 3.
  • m 2 or 3.
  • n 1 to 4. Preferably n is 1.
  • p is 0 to 6.
  • p is 0 to 4, more preferably p is 0 or 1.
  • Examples of the fused ring system provided by rings A and B include:
  • Preferred examples include Preferred examples include
  • Hal is selected from F, Cl, Br and I, preferably F
  • R 1 is selected from H, F, Cl, Me, CF 3 , CHF 2 , CH 2 F, OMe, OCF 3 , OCHF 2 , OCH 2 F, and cyclopropyl.
  • each X 6 is CR 1 .
  • R 1 is selected from H, F, Cl, Me, CF 3 , CHF 2 , CH 2 F, OMe, OCF 3 , OCHF 2 , OCH 2 F and cyclopropyl, and R 6 is preferably H.
  • CH may also be replaced by C-F 8 and X 6 may be replaced by C-R 1 .
  • the compounds having the formula (I) can be prepared by any desired route.
  • the method comprises a step of reacting compound 1 with compound 2 to form a compound 3, which after protection group cleavage to gives the compound having the formula (Ia) , as shown in Scheme A below.
  • Azaindole or azaindazole compounds 1 with G 1 halogen (preferably iodine) can then be converted to the corresponding azaindole or azaindazole 3-boronated intermediate. Any suitable reaction condition known in the art can be used for the generation of azaindole or azaindazole 3-boronated intermediate.
  • reaction of compound 1 with a boronic ester like 4, 4, 5, 5-tetramethyl-2- (4, 4, 5, 5-tetramethyl-1, 3, 2-dioxaborolan-2-yl) -1, 3, 2-dioxaborolane in a solvent like DMSO or dioxane in the presence of a base like potassium acetate and a catalyst like PdCl 2 (dppf) at an elevated temperature about 70 °C can be used.
  • compound 3 can also be synthesized via a Stille coupling reaction known in the art.
  • an oxidant such as mCPBA in a solvent like DCM
  • Subsequent displacement of the sulfinyl compound 6 with an amine in the presence of a base, such as DIPEA, in a solvent like i-PrOH at an elevated temperature then affords compound 7 (step e) .
  • a base such as DIPEA
  • PG is a protecting group and can be for example THP, SEM, Ts, or Boc
  • the de-protecting reaction using conditions known in the art then generates the compounds of formula (Ia) , where azaindole or azaindazole N1 substitution is H (step f) . Specific conditions are described in the Examples Section below.
  • the definitions of structural formula (Ib) and compounds 2 and 8 are independently as defined in any of the embodiments described above. Specific conditions are described in the Examples Section below.
  • the definitions of structural formula (Ic) and compounds 2 and 9 are independently as defined in any of the embodiments described above. Specific conditions are described in the Examples Section below.
  • the compounds of formula (Id) can be prepared by the method comprises a step of reacting compound 10 with compound 2 to form a compound 11, which after protection group cleavage to give the compound having the formula (Id) , as shown in Scheme E below.
  • 7-halogen substituted (preferably fluorine) indole/azaindole or indazole/azaindazole compounds 10 with G 1 halogen (preferably iodine) can be converted to the corresponding 7-halogen substituted (preferably fluorine) indole/azaindole or indazole/azaindazole 3- boronated intermediate.
  • Any suitable reaction condition known in the art can be used for the generation of corresponding 3-boronated intermediate.
  • reaction of compound 10 with a boronic ester like 4, 4, 5, 5-tetramethyl-2- (4, 4, 5, 5-tetramethyl-1, 3, 2-dioxaborolan-2-yl) -1, 3, 2-dioxaborolane in a solvent like DMSO or dioxane in the presence of a base like potassium acetate and a catalyst like PdCl 2 (dppf) at an elevated temperature about 70 °C can be used.
  • a catalyst like Pd 2 (dba) 3 a catalyst like Pd 2 (dba) 3
  • a base such as K 3 PO 4
  • a solvent such as dioxane and H 2 O
  • an inert atmosphere such as argon or nitrogen
  • compound 11 can also be synthesized via a Stille coupling reaction known in the art.
  • the Suzuki or Stille coupling product, compound 11 is then de-protected using conditions known in the art to give a compound represented by the formula (Id) , where the 7-halogen substituted (preferably fluorine) indole/azaindole or indazole/azaindazole N1 substitution is H (step j) .
  • the definitions of structural formula (Id) , compounds 2, 10, and 11 are independently as defined in any of the embodiments described above.
  • PG is a protecting group and can be for example THP, SEM, Ts, or Boc. Specific conditions are described in the Examples Section below.
  • cyclopropanation methodology that is known in the art is used to synthesize compounds 13 and 15. Specific exemplary conditions are described in the exemplary synthesis of intermediates B or known to a person skilled in the art.
  • Scheme F a Simmons Smith reaction as an example (Scheme F)
  • a cyclic alkene compound 12 was reacted with iodomethyl zinc iodide, which was generated by a zinc reagent such as diethyl zinc in the presence of diiodomethane.
  • a zinc reagent such as diethyl zinc
  • the in situ generated iodomethyl zinc can be reacted in the presence of TFA, which could give a different stereochemical cyclopropanation product.
  • variables of compounds 12 and 13 are independently as defined in any of the embodiments described above PG can be Boc or CBz.
  • the synthesis of the cyclopropylated compound 15 comprises a reaction of a diazo compound 14, in the presence of a Pd catalyst such as allylpalladium chloride dimer in a solvent such as toluene at low temperatures of about -10 °C to give a cyclopropylated product, compound 15.
  • a Pd catalyst such as allylpalladium chloride dimer
  • solvent such as toluene
  • the compounds of the present invention can be administered to a patient in the form of a pharmaceutical composition which can optionally comprise one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipient (s) and/or carrier (s) .
  • the compounds of the present invention can be administered by various well known routes, including oral, rectal, intragastrical, intracranial and parenteral administration, e.g. intravenous, intramuscular, intranasal, intradermal, subcutaneous, and similar administration routes. Oral, intranasal and parenteral administration are particularly preferred. Depending on the route of administration different pharmaceutical formulations are required and some of those may require that protective coatings are applied to the drug formulation to prevent degradation of a compound of the invention in, for example, the digestive tract.
  • acompound of the invention is formulated as a syrup, an infusion or injection solution. a spray, a tablet, a capsule. a capslet, lozenge a liposome, a suppository, a plaster, a band-aid, a retard capsule, a powder, or a slow release formulation.
  • the diluent is water, a buffer, a buffered salt solution or a salt solution and the carrier preferably is selected from the group consisting of cocoa butter and vitebesole.
  • Particular preferred pharmaceutical forms for the administration of a compound of the invention are forms suitable for injectionable use and include sterile aqueous solutions or dispersions and sterile powders for the extemporaneous preparation of sterile injectable solutions or dispersion. In all cases the final solution or dispersion form must be sterile and fluid.
  • a solution or dispersion will include a solvent or dispersion medium, containing, for example, water-buffered aqueous solutions, e.g. biocompatible buffers, ethanol, polyol, such as glycerol, propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, suitable mixtures thereof, surfactants or vegetable oils.
  • a compound of the invention can also be formulated into liposomes, in particular for parenteral administration. Liposomes provide the advantage of increased half life in the circulation, if compared to the free drug and a prolonged more even release of the enclosed drug.
  • Sterilization of infusion or injection solutions can be accomplished by any number of art recognized techniques including but not limited to addition of preservatives like anti-bacterial or anti-fungal agents, e.g. parabene, chlorobutanol, phenol, sorbic acid or thimersal. Further, isotonic agents, such as sugars or salts, in particular sodium chloride may be incorporated in infusion or injection solutions.
  • preservatives like anti-bacterial or anti-fungal agents, e.g. parabene, chlorobutanol, phenol, sorbic acid or thimersal.
  • isotonic agents such as sugars or salts, in particular sodium chloride may be incorporated in infusion or injection solutions.
  • sterile injectable solutions containing one or several of the compounds of the invention is accomplished by incorporating the respective compound in the required amount in the appropriate solvent with various ingredients enumerated above as required followed by sterilization To obtain a sterile powder the above solutions are vacuum-dried or freeze-dried as necessary.
  • Preferred diluents of the present invention are water, physiological acceptable buffers, physiological acceptable buffer salt solutions or salt solutions.
  • Preferred carriers are cocoa butter and vitebesole.
  • Excipients which can be used with the various pharmaceutical forms of a compound of the invention can be chosen from the following non-limiting list:
  • binders such as lactose, mannitol, crystalline sorbitol, dibasic phosphates, calcium phosphates, sugars, microcrystalline cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, polyvinyl pyrrolidone and the like;
  • lubricants such as magnesium stearate, talc, calcium stearate, zinc stearate, stearic acid, hydrogenated vegetable oil, leucine, glycerids and sodium stearyl fumarates,
  • disintegrants such as starches, croscaramellose, sodium methyl cellulose, agar, bentonite, alginic acid, carboxymethyl cellulose, polyvinyl pyrrolidone and the like.
  • the formulation is for oral administration and the formulation comprises one or more or all of the following ingredients: pregelatinized starch, talc, povidone K 30, croscarmellose sodium, sodium stearyl fumarate, gelatin, titanium dioxide, sorbitol, monosodium citrate, xanthan gum, titanium dioxide, flavoring, sodium benzoate and saccharin sodium.
  • a compound of the invention may be administered in the form of a dry powder inhaler or an aerosol spray from a pressurized container, pump, spray or nebulizer with the use of a suitable propellant, e.g., dichlorodifluoromethane, trichlorofluoromethane, dichlorotetrafluoroethane, a hydrofluoro-alkane such as 1, 1, 1, 2-tetrafluoroethane (HFA 134A TM ) or 1, 1, 1, 2, 3, 3, 3-heptafluoropropane (HFA 227EA TM ) , carbon dioxide, or another suitable gas.
  • a suitable propellant e.g., dichlorodifluoromethane, trichlorofluoromethane, dichlorotetrafluoroethane, a hydrofluoro-alkane such as 1, 1, 1, 1, 2-tetrafluoroethane (HFA 134A TM ) or 1, 1, 1,
  • the pressurized container, pump, spray or nebulizer may contain a solution or suspension of the compound of the invention, e.g., using a mixture of ethanol and the propellant as the solvent, which may additionally contain a lubricant, e.g., sorbitan trioleate.
  • a lubricant e.g., sorbitan trioleate.
  • the dosage of a compound of the invention in the therapeutic or prophylactic use of the invention should be in the range of about 0.1 mg to about 1 g of the active ingredient (i.e. compound of the invention) per kg body weight.
  • a compound of the invention is administered to a subject in need thereof in an amount ranging from 1.0 to 500 mg/kg body weight, preferably ranging from 1 to 200 mg/kg body weight.
  • the duration of therapy with a compound of the invention will vary, depending on the severity of the disease being treated and the condition and idiosyncratic response of each individual patient.
  • between 100 m9 to 200 mg of the compound is orally administered to an adult per day, depending on the severity of the disease and/or the degree of exposure to disease carriers.
  • the pharmaceutically effective amount of a given composition will also depend on the administration route. In general the required amount will be higher, if the administration is through the gastrointestinal tract e.g., by suppository, rectal, or by an intragastric probe, and lower if the route of administration is parenteral, e.g., intravenous.
  • a compound of the invention will be administered in ranges of 50 mg to 1 g/kg body weight, preferably 100 mg to 500 mg/kg body weight, if rectal or intragastric administration is used and in ranges of 10 to 100 mg/kg body weight, if parenteral administration is used.
  • a person is known to be at risk of developing a disease treatable with a compound of the invention, prophylactic administration of the biologically active blood serum or the pharmaceutical composition according to the invention may be possible.
  • the respective compound of the invention is preferably administered in above outlined preferred and particular preferred doses on a daily basis. Preferably, from 0.1 mg to 1 g/kg body weight once a day, preferably 10 to 200 mg/kg body weight. This administration can be continued until the risk of developing influenza has lessened. In most instances, however, a compound of the invention will be administered once a disease/disorder has been diagnosed. In these cases it is preferred that a first dose of a compound of the invention is administered one, two, three or four times daily.
  • the compounds of the present invention are particularly useful for treating, ameliorating, or preventing influenza.
  • the compounds of the present invention are employed to treat influenza.
  • the term ′′influenza′′ includes influenza A, B, C, isavirus and thogotovirus and also covers bird flu and swine flu.
  • the subject to be treated is not particularly restricted and can be any vertebrate, such as birds and mammals (including humans) .
  • the present inventors have found that the compounds of the present invention are not only capable of inhibiting transcription but, surprisingly, also inhibit replication in viruses, in particular, in influenza viruses.
  • the compounds of the present invention are capable of inhibiting binding of host mRNA cap structures to the cap-binding domain (CBD) , particularly of the influenza virus. More specifically it is assumed that they directly interfere with the CBD of the influenza PB2 protein.
  • CBD cap-binding domain
  • delivery of a compound into a cell may represent a problem depending on, e.g., the solubility of the compound or its capabilities to cross the cell membrane.
  • the present invention not only shows that the claimed compounds have in vitro polymerase inhibitory activity but also in vivo antiviral activity.
  • the compounds having the formula (I) can be used in combination with one or more other medicaments.
  • the type of the other medicaments is not particularly limited and will depend on the disorder to be treated.
  • the other medicament will be a further medicament which is useful in treating, ameloriating or preventing a viral disease, more preferably a further medicament which is useful in treating, ameloriating or preventing influenza.
  • the further medicament can be selected, for example, from endonuclease inhibitors (particularly targeting influenza) , cap binding inhibitors (particularly targeting influenza) , (preferably influenza) polymerase inhibitors, neuramidase inhibitors, M2 channel inhibitors, alpha glucosidase inhibitors, ligands of other influenza targets, antibiotics, anti-inflammatory agents like COX inhibitors (e.g., COX-1/COX-2 inhibitors, selective COX-2 inhibitors) , lipoxygenase inhibitors, EP ligands (particularly EP4 ligands) , bradykinin ligands, and/or cannabinoid ligands (e.g., CB2 agonists) .
  • endonuclease inhibitors particularly targeting influenza
  • cap binding inhibitors particularly targeting influenza
  • influenza preferably influenza polymerase inhibitors
  • neuramidase inhibitors e.g., M2 channel inhibitors
  • alpha glucosidase inhibitors ligands of
  • TIPSCl chloro (triisopropyl) silane
  • EC 50 The molar concentration of an agonist, which produces 50%of the maximum
  • PTS puridinium p-toluenesulfonate
  • Pd (PPh 3 ) 4 tetrakis (triphenylphosphine) palladium
  • Tf 2 O trifluoromethanesulfonic anhydride
  • Acidic condition A: 0.1%formic acid and 1%acetonitrile in H 2 O; B: 0.1%formic acid in acetonitrile;
  • Mass spectra (MS) generally only ions which indicate the parent mass are reported and unless otherwise stated the mass ion quoted is the positive mass ion (M+H) + .
  • This in vitro, cell-based assay is used to identify small molecule inhibitors of influenza A virus and relies upon a replication competent influenza reporter virus.
  • This virus was generated in a A/WSN background (Szretter KJ, Balish AL, Katz JM. Curr Protoc Microbiol. Influenza: propagation, quantification, and storage. 2006 Dec; Chapter 15: Unit 15G. 1. doi: 10. 1002/0471729256. mc15g01s3) and contains the extremely bright luciferase variant, NanoLuc (Promega) , which has been appended to the C-terminus of the polymerase subunit, PA.
  • the reporter virus replicates with near native properties both in cell culture and in vivo. Thus, NanoLuc luciferase activity can be used as a readout of viral infection.
  • A549 human non-small cell lung cancer cells are infected with the reporter virus and following infection, the cells are treated with serially diluted compounds.
  • the inhibitory effect of the small molecules tested is a direct measure of viral levels and can be rapidly obtained by measuring a reduction in luciferase activity.
  • A549 cells were plated in 384-well plates at a density of 10,000 cells per well in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium with Glutamax (DMEM, Invitrogen) supplemented 10%fetal bovine serum (FBS, Invitrogen) and 1X penicillin/streptomycin (Invitrogen) , herein referred to as complete DMEM, and incubated at 37°C, 5%CO 2 overnight. The following day, cells were washed once with 1X PBS and then infected with virus, MOI 0.1 in 10 ⁇ l of infection media for 60 min.
  • DMEM Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium with Glutamax
  • FBS fetal bovine serum
  • Invitrogen 1X penicillin/streptomycin
  • A/WSN/33 influenza virus containing the NanoLuc reporter construct was obtained from the laboratory of Andrew Mehle (University of Wisconsin) .
  • A549 human lung carcinoma cells were purchased (ATCC) . All studies were performed with A549 cells cultured in complete DMEM.
  • Influenza virus stocks were propagated in MDBK cells (ATCC) using standard methods (Szretter K J, Balish AL, Katz JM. Curr Protoc Microbiol. Influenza: propagation, quantification, and storage 2006 Dec; Chapter 15: Unit 15G. 1. doi: 10. 1002/0471729256. mc15901s3) , and stocks frozen at -80°C.
  • Viral infections were carried out using DMEM Glutamax supplemented with 03%BSA (Sigma) , 25mM Hepes (Sigma) , and 1X penicillin/streptomycin (Invitrogen) .
  • Influenza purified virus (Influenza A/PR/8/34, Influenza B ⁇ Lee ⁇ 40) was obtained from Charles River Laboratories International Inc. as suspension in HEPES buffer. Virons were disrupted by incubation with an equal volume of 2%Trition X-1 00 for 30 minutes at room temperature in a buffer containing 40 mM Tns-HCl, pH 8, 5 mM MgCl 2 , 200 mM KCl, 100 mM NaCl, 10 mM dithiothreitol [DTT] , 5%Glycerol, 40 U/ml RNAse Inhibitor, 1 0 mM 2-Mercaptoethanol, and 2 mg/ml Lysolechithin. The virus lysate was aliquot and stored at -80°C in aliquots.
  • Influenza ribonucleoprotein complexes are responsible for the transcription and replication of viral genomic negative strain RNA to positive strain mRNA and positive strain cRNA respectively.
  • the transcription is initiated by the “cap-snatching’mechanism which consists of two steps: The cap-binding of cellular mRNA by the PB2 subunit and the cleavage of the capped RNA by the PA subunit.
  • the resulting 9-13 nucleotide long, capped RNA oligo serves as a primer for the subsequent synthesis of viral mRNA by the polymerase subunit PB1.
  • radiolabeled nucleotide will be incorporated into the mRNA product, which will be captured on a specific filter plate by TCA precipitation. The efficiency of nucleotide incorporation is then determined by scintillation counting of captured mRNA on the filter plate. A higher rate of mRNA synthesis leads to higher signals. Due to the essential involvement of cap-binding and cleavage reaction prior to polymerization of mRNA, it is possible to inhibit transcription by either blocking the endonuclease active site of PA or the cap-binding site of PB2 and therefore to determine IC50 values of both endonuclease and cap-binding inhibitors.
  • Virus lysate H1N1 Influenza strain A/PR/8/34, Charles River, Cat#10100374: Influenza B ⁇ Lee ⁇ 40, Charles River, Cat#10100379
  • reaction buffer containing 24 mM HEPES (pH 7.5) , 118 mM NaOAC, 1 mM Mg (OAC) 2 , 0.1 mM Mn (OAC) 2 , 0.1 mM EDTA, 2 mM DTT, 0.3 U RNase inhibitor (Riboguard) , 70 mM ATP/CTP/UTP, 14 mM GTP and 0.175 ⁇ Ci 33 p-GTP.
  • capped RNA substrate was added to the reaction at 0.07 uM (5’m 7 G-ppp-GAA UAC UCA AGC UAU GCA UC-3′, 5’-triphosphorylated RNA was purchased from Fidelity Systems and the capping reaction was performed using the ScriptCap Capping System from CellScript) .
  • the Cap-snatching and subsequent mRNA synthesis reactions were performed for 90 min at 30°C before the reactions were terminated by EDTA addition
  • Synthesized mRNA products were precipitated on the filter plate (Millipore) using 20%TCA at 4 °C for 35 min and followed by three times wash with 10%TCA and 1 time with 70%ethanol on the vacuum manifold system (Millipore) . After complete dry of the filter plate, Microsint 20 solution was added to the wells and scintillation counting was performed on the TopCount equipment for 1 min/well.
  • Influenza ribonucleoprotein complexes are responsible not only for the transcription of negative-sense viral genomic RNA (vRNA) to positive-sense mRNA, but also for the replication of full-length complementary genomic RNA (cRNA) .
  • vRNA negative-sense viral genomic RNA
  • cRNA full-length complementary genomic RNA
  • a pppApG dinucleotide is provided to the RNPs to initiate the cRNA synthesis and during the elongation process, radiolabeled nucleotide will be incorporated into the cRNA product, which will be captured on a specific filter plate by TCA precipitation. The efficiency of nucleotide incorporation is then determined by scintillation counting of captured cRNA on the filter plate.
  • Cap-binding inhibitors were serially diluted 4 fold in 40%DMSO and 2ul of diluted compound was added to 17 ul reaction mix containing 0.35 nM vRNP enzyme, 20 mM HEPES (pH 7.5) , 100 mM NaOAC, 1 mM Mg (OAC) 2 , 0 1 mM Mn (OAC) 2 , 0.1 mM EDTA, 2 mM DTT, 0.25 U RNase inhibitor (Epicentre) , 70 uM ATP/CTP/UTP, 1.4 uM GTP and 0.175 ⁇ Ci 33 P-GTP for 30 minutes at 30°C.
  • pppApG dinucleotide was added to the reaction at 75 uM as final concentration. Reactions were performed for 3 hours at 30°C and then stopped by adding EDTA to a final concentration of 56 mM. Synthesized cRNA products from the replication reaction were precipitated on the filter plate (Millipore) using 20%TCA at 4 °C for 35 minutes and followed by three times wash with 10%TCA and 1 time with 70%ethanol on the vacuum manifold system (Millipore) . After complete air dry of the filter plate, Microsint 20 solution was added to the wells and scintillation counting was performed on the TopCount equipment for 1 min/well. Dose-response curves were analyzed using 4-parameter curve fitting methods. The concentration of test compound resulting in 50%inhibition to that of the control wells were reported as IC50.
  • the crude product was re-dissolved in acetone (60 mL) and followed by the addition of a solution of NaN 3 (20.7 g, 318.5 mmol) in H 2 O (40 mL) slowly at 0°C, and the resulting mixture solution was stirred at 0°C for 2 additional 2 h.
  • the reaction mixture was poured into ice water (100 mL) , and extracted with toluene (50 mL ⁇ 2) .
  • the combined organics were dried over anhydrous MgSO 4 , filtered, and concentrated in vacuo.
  • the crude product was re-dissolved in toluene (100 mL) and the solution was heated to 60-70°C for 40 min. After cooling to room temperature, the solvent was removed in vacuo to give the crude title compound (20 g) as brown oil, which was used in the next step without any further purification.
  • the reaction mixture was diluted with EtOAc (100 mL) and then quenched with 1N NaOH (60 mL) . After addition of Et 2 O (100 mL) to the mixture, the organic layer was separated and the aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (50 mL) The combined organics were washed with brine, dried over anhydrous Na 2 SO 4 , concentrated in vacuo.

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Abstract

La présente invention concerne un composé de formule (I), éventuellement sous la forme d'un sel, solvate, polymorphe, promédicament, comédicament, cocristal, tautomère, racémate, énantiomère, diastéréoisomère ou mélange correspondant pharmaceutiquement acceptable, qui est utilisé pour traiter ou prévenir la grippe, ou pour atténuer ses symptômes.
PCT/CN2017/072837 2016-02-05 2017-02-03 Dérivés de pyrimidine et de pyridine et leur utilisation pour traiter ou prévenir la grippe, ou pour atténuer ses symptômes Ceased WO2017133667A1 (fr)

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