WO2017118992A1

WO2017118992A1 - Electricity generation through up-down motion of water capsule

Info

Publication number: WO2017118992A1
Application number: PCT/IN2016/000256
Authority: WO
Inventors: Prakash Verma Varun
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2016-01-06
Filing date: 2016-10-20
Publication date: 2017-07-13
Anticipated expiration: 2018-07-06

Abstract

Water is being used as a source of energy generation from decades. Water's property to flow has made it popular in energy generation and the fact that it doesn't pollute the environment like other energy sources. By pouring water from height from turbine generate electricity and in ocean the wave motion is used to move the cylinder to cause reciprocating motion and this motion is converted to electrical energy and it generate energy up to high amount energy.

Description

Electricity generation through up-down motion of water capsule

Complete Specification-

1) Field of invention -

In past inventions was generally based on non - conventional energy sources but now conventional sources are being adopted such as water. Water is filled and withdrawn from the capsule and thus motion of that is used to harnessing electricity.

2) Discussion of the related art -

The potential for an energy crisis has never been higher, alternative energy such as solar energy has got the potential to play an extremely important role in the foreseeable future with the planet energy production but water as source of energy plays a vital role in energy generation & one of the strongest contender in conventional energy. Alternative energy sources are renewable and are thought to be free energy sources.

Energy generation from water is now become a most general concept for harnessing energy cause 70% of earth's land is surrounded by water, Due to this hydro power industries are rapidly increasing. Water is used as an energy generation fuel because it is safe and it can be reused. It is one of the cheapest sources of energy although it is clean energy to.

Generally hydro energy can be harnessed from various design concepts according to the resources available such as from ocean, dam, river, etc. We can generate a large amount of energy from water but existing designs and concepts require a lot of space and large amount of spare parts, regular maintenance in timed interval, energy is only generated where resources are available (ocean, rivers etc.), it also harms the aquatic life and requires high amount of water dumping site which cause soil erosion. So, by this design concept we will overcome all the issues of existing hydro energy sources. 3) Brief summary of invention -

The present invention overcomes the drawbacks and limitation which was mentioned above by providing a new concept.

The primary objective of our design is that to simplify or improve the existing design and reducing the high requirement of water and capital. Our design concept basically concentrates on harnessing energy from small amount of resources.

(Fig.l) In our design we use a capsule which is of high rolled stainless steel with galvanized coating on it. It consists of two gates which serves our purposes of inlet and outlet of the fluid from the capsule. The capsule is partially submerged in the water which is present in the round tank. Here capsule serves our purpose of energy generation by its linear reciprocation motion inside the round tank due to inlet of water from inlet gate and exhaust via lower outlet gate.

Water enters in the capsule and upper gates closes, due to this system weight increases and it moves downward with the help of lower system parts lower gates opens up water flows out via outlet gate, this could decrease systems weight and it goes up by water buoyant force and with the help of vacuum system which was connected on the top of round tank were negative pressure is induced when capsule goes down ward. The upward and downward motion of the capsule is synchronized with hydraulic piston which was connected to the capsule.

This hydraulic piston is further connected to other smaller piston which is of greater diameter and smaller displacement then the main hydraulic piston. This linear motion is further converted to rotary motion with increased rpm and adjusted torque. Finally this high rpm shaft is connected to highly efficient dc motor which converts the mechanical energy to electrical form.

Detailed Description of design - a. Capsule

b. Air Chamber

c. Vacuum

d. Hydraulic cylinder

e. Generator

f. Wells turbine g. Water turbine

h. Air chamber supporter

i. Air chamber stopper

j . Rubber chamber Ring

A. Capsule

It is a special type of capsule that has opening from the topside walls to take water in & an opening from lower side of capsule for water to get released into the chamber. At first the water gets filled into the capsule after getting required amount of water its opening is closed and due to this the weight of the capsule increases and it starts to move in downward direction. When capsule is at extreme downward position its lower opening is opened to release the water into the chamber and it will get lighter and will again move up due to buoyant force(a buoyant force is an upward force exerted by a fluid that opposes the weight of immersed object)

Apparent immersed weight = weight - weight of displaced fluid.

B. Vacuum

It is provided in the system to uplift the capsule from downward position as the buoyant force is not enough. The vacuum is created inside a cylinder with its base sealed and the air has been removed from it. As the piston will be in its end position, the pull force of the capsule downward movement will create a vacuum in the space between piston head and base of the cylinder. This vacuum will try to retract the capsule from its downward position as the water is released in that position the vacuum will easily retract it back. Vacuum created is dependent on the atmospheric pressure because the piston head would have to work against it. More the area more will be the force required to break it.

P=F/A

A = F/P = given /0.101 MPa C. Hydraulic cylinder

A set of two hydraulic cylinders are used with one hydraulic cylinder, which is input cylinder has its piston rod connected directly to capsule. As the capsule moves downward the piston of input cylinder also moves downward pushing all its fluid into the output hydraulic cylinder. The output cylinder has its piston head area more than the input cylinders, which means a little force is required in input cylinder and a greater force obtained from the output.

Different type of connection can also be employed namely 1. Series and 2. Parallel hydraulic connections. When cylinders are connected in series more amount of pressure will be required in order to lift the same amount of load and in parallel connection the pressure going to the cylinder are same. The law governing the hydraulic system is Pascal's law (that the transmission of fluid pressure is a principle in fluid mechanics that states that pressure exerted anywhere in a confined incompressible fluid is transmitted equally in all direction throughout the fluid).

D. Air Chamber

It is a rubber based chamber which has capsule attached to its top end. As the capsule moves downward the air which is already present in the chamber get compressed and continuously goes on getting compressed until behaves like solid or the molecule are very closed to each other. The compression of air is around 30% of its original volume.

After the is fully compressed it starts to press the water which is in the bottom of the chamber and from the other side the compressed water starts to come out from the opening which goes up again on the capsule side of the chamber and this cycle goes on continuously. E. Electric Generator

In this section our objective is to convert the force coming from output cylinder. By connecting a crankshaft to the output cylinder shaft, we get a high amount of torque with less RPM, so in order to get increased RPM and balanced torque we have to use a gear box to increase the initial RPM which is only 20 to higher amount of 1000 Rpm and reduce the torque up to 50Nm. Now this output is given to generator of desired capacity to produce electricity.

F. Wells Turbine

(Fig.2) It is the turbine which rotates in same direction, irrespective to the input mass flow of air. In our system two wells turbine is connected in lower part of the air chamber. When the system downward it compresses the air towards wells turbine and when the capsule moves upward due the suction air from outside also comes inside the air chamber and rotates the blades of wells turbine. The specialty of wells turbine is that it works in same direction during compression and suction.

G. Water turbine

(Fig.2) It is a rotary machine that converts kinetic and potential energy of water into mechanical work. In water turbine the main concept of operation is that the flowing water is directed on to the blades of turbine that creates force on the blades. In our system we use turbine to utilize the water collected in the reservoir from reservoir water hits the turbine blade to give the rotary motion.

H. Rubber chamber stopper

These are provided to support the air chamber for being deflected during upward and downward motion. I. Rubber chamber rings

These rings provided to resist compression and expansion of rubber in inward and outward direction of air chamber.

Design of capsule -

1. Heavy capsule with less water.

In this design the capsule has 80% of mass of total system whereas only 20% of water is used for capsule up and down motion.

2. Lighter capsule with more water.

In this design the capsule has 20% of mass of total system whereas only 80% of water is used for capsule up and down motion.

Various types of door opening

(Fig.3) In this capsule there are only two gates, upward and downward gate. In these capsule 3 metal rods, one connected to upward side gates, one connected to the center part and 3^rd connected to the downward gate.

The upward and downward gates are connected to the spring to center rod and there is a damper inside the spring which helps to absorb shocks. For the purpose of applying force there are two clamps upward and downward sided on which there is a rod upward and downward side to apply the force, and gate opens and closes due to impact of force on the springs.

(Fig.4) In this type of opening there are four gates, two upward side and downward side. Gates are controlled by hydraulic cylinders, their are separate hydraulic cylinder for each of the gate and there are two master cylinders, one master cylinder connected to the small hydraulic cylinder of the two gates. When the cylinder goes down the downward master cylinder apply forces to other smaller hydraulic cylinders and gate opens. This process remains same for upward motion.

(Fig.5) It is the combination of above two designs in which upper portion is controlled by spring and damper system and downward part is controlled by hydraulic system.

Methods of lifting the system (Fig.6) Buoyancy force

When the capsule is in its bottom position the water which surrounds it tries to force the capsule to go up. As the water release from the capsule it goes lighter and buoyant force becomes dominant and this would occur due to the upward force exerted by fluid is more than the weight of the body.

Using counter weight

(Fig.7) In this system we use a fixed counter weight. There is a big difference between the weight of counter weight and capsule which is very necessary for upward and downward motion of capsule.

At initial stage when the capsule is empty due to the heavy mass of counter weight capsule stays up and when the water starts to fill in the capsule it becomes heavier than counter weight which helps it to move downward. At the bottom when gate opens and system become lighter the counter weight takes the system up again and cycle goes on.

(Fig.8) In this system there are two capsules placed in separate chambers and acts alternatively as counter weight. At initial position one capsule is in top position and one is in bottom position in separate chambers, the capsules are connected with each other by means of rod over pulley. When water starts filling in one capsule it becomes heavier and moves downward and other capsule starts to move up due to weight of first capsule. Again other capsule starts to fill water and becomes heavier and moves downward. In this interval first capsule withdraws its water and becomes lighter. So, due to downward motion of second capsule first capsule moves upward and cycle goes on. (Fig.9) Spring

Using spring we have to lift our system, which can be easily understood by drawing.

Methods of water pumping

(Fig.lO).By air pressure

In this method the water is pumped by the acting of compressed air. When the capsule moves down its starts to compress the air present in the chamber. As the air goes on getting compressed and becomes solid it presses the water which produces pumping action. The smaller area on the other side helps to increase the pressure and velocity of the water which aid's the water to go up on capsule side of chamber.

(Fig.ll) By water pump

In this method a turbine is fitted in the bottom where the capsule releases its water. The water is poured directly on the turbine to give it rotation and increase its speed. The turbine shaft is attached to the pump & due to turbine motion the pump also rotates and sucks the water from the lower chamber and delivers it on the capsule side where water gets collected again and cycle goes on.

Various arrangements of vacuum cylinders

(Fig.12) In this position the cylinder is put upside down with its road connected to capsule when capsule move down it create vacuum inside and this vacuum helps to retract the system back.

(Fig.13) In this two cylinders are used which are placed horizontally parallel to each other with their ropes passing through the pulley which is attached to the capsule. It is used to reduce the height of the system. (Fig.14) In this system the cylinders are put in upright position with its rod connected to pulley which is attached to capsule and the angle made by pulley and the cylinder is 90°.

(Fig.15) In this position the two cylinders are placed horizontally parallel with their ropes passing through single pulley and the ropes slides on it, when capsule moves up and down.

(Fig.16) In this the cylinders are placed in upright position with ropes attached to its plunger which passes through the pulley and then goes to the other pulley which provides sliding motion.

Modes of energy generation (Fig.17) Through crank mechanism

In this mode the reciprocating motion of output hydraulic cylinder is converted to rotary motion by using the crank mechanism and this rotary motion after passing through gear mechanism is given to shaft of the generator to produce the voltage.

(Fig.18) Through linear generator

In this mode a magnet is attached to the hydraulic cylinder rod, when the hydraulic cylinder starts to reciprocate the magnet also moves with the motion and cuts the flux that induces e.m.f across the coil. The voltage can be increased by increasing the no of coils or by increasing the magnetic intensity or by increasing the linear speed of the hydraulic plunger.

(Fig.19) Through rack and pinion

In this mode the need of hydraulic cylinder is completely removed. When capsule moves in downward direction the rack also starts to move downward, moving the pinion with it. The rotary motion of pinion is attached with generators input to produce electricity.

Claims

1. This section claims in this design there is a chamber filled with water in which other basic system are installed.

2. This section claims at initial position, upper gate of capsule will open from which the water will go inside of capsule. After certain time capsule will be completely filled with water. Due to water's load capsule will start to move downward where its gate will open and water will come out.

3. This section claims here rubber tube is used as air chamber where water can be released.

4. This section claims Released water will move into water chamber due to air pressure inside the hollow tube.

5. This section claims that hydraulic cylinder will move downward and upward with respect to synchronized movement of capsule. Final output hydraulic cylinder has larger diameter and smaller displacement with respect to the initial cylinder hence, we get higher amount of force.

6. This section claims it helps to take system back to its initial position.

7. This section claims this it will change linear motion of hydraulic cylinder to rotary motion one cycle is completed on one up and down movement of cylinder plunger.

8. This section claims it will increase the initial rpm to higher rpm (up to 1500).

9. This section claims convert mechanical energy to electrical energy.

10. This section claims it changes water potential energy to rotary mechanical form.

11. This section claims to pumps the dump water to the round tank present above the turbine.

12. This section claims it rotates the wells turbine due to the static flow charge of air.