[go: up one dir, main page]

WO2017117268A1 - Formulations thérapeutiques topiques contenant un bloqueur des canaux calciques, une superoxyde dismutase et de l'huile d'émeu - Google Patents

Formulations thérapeutiques topiques contenant un bloqueur des canaux calciques, une superoxyde dismutase et de l'huile d'émeu Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2017117268A1
WO2017117268A1 PCT/US2016/068966 US2016068966W WO2017117268A1 WO 2017117268 A1 WO2017117268 A1 WO 2017117268A1 US 2016068966 W US2016068966 W US 2016068966W WO 2017117268 A1 WO2017117268 A1 WO 2017117268A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
composition
calcium channel
channel blocker
superoxide dismutase
oil
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/US2016/068966
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Jeffry TWIDWELL
Joel Buckley
Harold HOIUM
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Hybrid Medical LLC
Original Assignee
Hybrid Medical LLC
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US14/981,167 external-priority patent/US10471131B2/en
Application filed by Hybrid Medical LLC filed Critical Hybrid Medical LLC
Publication of WO2017117268A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017117268A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
    • A61K31/44—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof
    • A61K31/4422—1,4-Dihydropyridines, e.g. nifedipine, nicardipine
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/275—Nitriles; Isonitriles
    • A61K31/277—Nitriles; Isonitriles having a ring, e.g. verapamil
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K35/00—Medicinal preparations containing materials or reaction products thereof with undetermined constitution
    • A61K35/56—Materials from animals other than mammals
    • A61K35/57—Birds; Materials from birds, e.g. eggs, feathers, egg white, egg yolk or endothelium corneum gigeriae galli
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
    • A61K38/16—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
    • A61K38/43—Enzymes; Proenzymes; Derivatives thereof
    • A61K38/44—Oxidoreductases (1)
    • A61K38/446—Superoxide dismutase (1.15)
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K45/00—Medicinal preparations containing active ingredients not provided for in groups A61K31/00 - A61K41/00
    • A61K45/06—Mixtures of active ingredients without chemical characterisation, e.g. antiphlogistics and cardiaca
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/06—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite
    • A61K47/24—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite containing atoms other than carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, halogen, nitrogen or sulfur, e.g. cyclomethicone or phospholipids
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/44—Oils, fats or waxes according to two or more groups of A61K47/02-A61K47/42; Natural or modified natural oils, fats or waxes, e.g. castor oil, polyethoxylated castor oil, montan wax, lignite, shellac, rosin, beeswax or lanolin
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/46—Ingredients of undetermined constitution or reaction products thereof, e.g. skin, bone, milk, cotton fibre, eggshell, oxgall or plant extracts
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/0012—Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
    • A61K9/0014—Skin, i.e. galenical aspects of topical compositions
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/06—Ointments; Bases therefor; Other semi-solid forms, e.g. creams, sticks, gels
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/10—Dispersions; Emulsions
    • A61K9/12—Aerosols; Foams
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P17/00—Drugs for dermatological disorders
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P17/00—Drugs for dermatological disorders
    • A61P17/02—Drugs for dermatological disorders for treating wounds, ulcers, burns, scars, keloids, or the like
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K2300/00—Mixtures or combinations of active ingredients, wherein at least one active ingredient is fully defined in groups A61K31/00 - A61K41/00
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/06—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite
    • A61K47/08—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite containing oxygen, e.g. ethers, acetals, ketones, quinones, aldehydes, peroxides
    • A61K47/10—Alcohols; Phenols; Salts thereof, e.g. glycerol; Polyethylene glycols [PEG]; Poloxamers; PEG/POE alkyl ethers
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/06—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite
    • A61K47/08—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite containing oxygen, e.g. ethers, acetals, ketones, quinones, aldehydes, peroxides
    • A61K47/14—Esters of carboxylic acids, e.g. fatty acid monoglycerides, medium-chain triglycerides, parabens or PEG fatty acid esters
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
    • Y02A50/30—Against vector-borne diseases, e.g. mosquito-borne, fly-borne, tick-borne or waterborne diseases whose impact is exacerbated by climate change

Definitions

  • Peyronie's disease has been known as a distinct malady for hundreds of years.
  • the piaque of Peyronie's disease may develop foiiowing trauma to the penis that
  • the condition can result in painful erections and penile disfigurement, and is often
  • Peyronie's disease also develop fibrosis (hardened cells) in other elastic tissues of the body, often in the hand or foot. Dupuytren's contracture of the hand and Ledderhose
  • Fibrosis of the foot are examples of these conditions.
  • Peyronie's disease is typically treated with largely experimental approaches. 20 Treatments that lack efficacy are discontinued and seemingly helpful treatments are
  • a treatment is needed that would be tolerable to the patient in terms of cost
  • sub- dermal plaque accumulation disorders include Peyronie's Disease, Ledderhose Fibrosis, Dupuytren's contracture of the hand, and certain forms of erectile dysfunction.
  • the present invention provides compositions and methods for topically treating Peyronie's Disease, Dupuytren's hand contracture, Ledderhose Fibrosis, scarring, and erectile dysfunction arising from plaque accumulation.
  • the invention provides a composition suitable for topical application to the skin for the treatment of Peyronie's Disease, Dupuytren's hand contracture, Ledderhose Fibrosis, scarring, or erectile dysfunction arising from plaque accumulation.
  • the composition can include a calcium channel blocker active agent. superoxide dismutase, or both, in combination with emu oil.
  • the composition can further include a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, and optional fragrances, moisturizers, penetration enhancers, or a combination thereof.
  • the calcium channel blocker is nicardipine or verapamil.
  • the composition includes superoxide dismutase.
  • the composition can include one or more non-invasive transdermal carrier agents, one or more penetration enhancers, or a combination thereof.
  • the composition comprises nanoparticles comprising a calcium channel blocker active agent, a superoxide dismutase, or both.
  • the nanoparticles are about 1 nm to about 2,500 nm, about 5 nm to about 250 nm, about 100 nm to about 300 nm, about 300 nm to about 500 nm, about 500 nm to about 750 nm, about 750 nm to about 1000 nm, about 2000 nm to about 3000 nm, about 3000 nm to about 5000 nm, about 5000 nm to about 7500 nm, or about 2,500 nm to about 10,000 nm, in diameter, or of a diameter that provides for penetration to sub- dermal plaque when applied topically but is not readily absorbed systemically.
  • the composition can be in the form of a gel, cream, foam, lotion, oil, ointment, paste, suspension, or spray such as an aerosol spray or air pump spray.
  • the composition is a gel, suspension or spray (aerosol or non-aerosol) comprising nanoparticles comprising a calcium channel blocker active agent, a superoxide dismutase, or both.
  • the composition may be delivered as an aerosol spray, a non- aerosol spray, with an applicator contained in a drug dispenser or a push-up dispenser, or a fabric applicator, or by injection, ultrasound, pressure, or a patch (pressure or non- pressure), e.g., a time release patch.
  • the composition is a powder which may be delivered as an aerosol spray, a non-aerosol spray, or using a dispenser, applicator or patch.
  • the calcium channel blocker is a dihydropyridine, including but not limited to amlodipine (Norvasc), aranidipine (Sapresta), azelnidipine (Calblock), bamidipine (HypoCa), benidipine (Coniel), cilnidipine (Atelec, Cinalong, Siscard), clevidipine (Cleviprex), isradipine (DynaCirc, Prescal), efonidipine (Landel), felodipine (Plendil), isradipine, lacidipine (Motens, Lacipil), lercanidipine (Zanidip), manidipine (Calslot, Madipine), nicardipine (Cardene, Carden SR), nifedipine (Procardia, Adalat), nilvadipine (Nivadil), nimodipine (Nimotop), nisoldipine (B
  • the calcium channel blocker is a non-dihydropyridine, e.g., a phenylalkylamine such as verapamil (Calan, Isoptin), gallopimil or fendiline, a benzothiazepine such as diltiazem, a non-selective blocker such as mibefradil, bepridil, flunarizine, fluspirilene, or fendiline, as well as gabapentinoids, such as gabapentin and pregabalin, which are selective blockers of a26 subunit-containing voltage-gated calcium channels, or ziconotide, a peptide compound derived from the omega- conotoxin, that is a selective N-type calcium channel blocker.
  • a phenylalkylamine such as verapamil (Calan, Isoptin)
  • gallopimil or fendiline e.g., a benzothiazepine
  • the composition comprises more than one calcium channel blocker, including a combination of a dihydropyridine and a non-dihydropyridine, or a combination of different dihydropyridines or of different non-dihydropyridines.
  • the composition comprises a superoxide dismutase that binds Cu and Zn, binds Fe and Mn or binds Ni. In one embodiment, the composition comprises more than one type of superoxide dismutase.
  • the invention also provides methods for treating a connective tissue disorder.
  • the connective tissue disorder comprises sub-dermal plaque accumulation or scar tissue, e.g., scarred tendons.
  • the composition is used to treat cellulite, keloids or hypertrophic scars or enhance tissue repair.
  • Other conditions amenable to treatment include but are not limited to frozen shoulder syndrome and burns.
  • the method can include topically or transdermally administering an effective amount of a composition described herein to a portion of the dermis that overlies a sub- dermal plaque or scar tissue.
  • the application can be carried out for a period of time sufficient to reduce the symptoms or severity of the connective tissue disorder.
  • the connective tissue disorder can be, for example, Peyronie's disease, Dupuytren's hand contracture, or Ledderhose Fibrosis, which disorders can include the manifestation of sub-dermal plaque accumulations or scar tissue.
  • the administration of the composition can be, for example, about once or twice daily for a period of at least three weeks, or any other period of time prescribed by an attending clinician.
  • the invention provides for the compositions described herein for use in medical therapy.
  • the medical therapy can be treating a connective tissue disorder such as Peyronie's disease, Dupuytren's hand contracture, Ledderhose Fibrosis, or a related condition.
  • the invention also provides for the use of a composition as described herein for the manufacture of a medicament to treat a disease or condition in a human.
  • the medicament can include a pharmaceutically acceptable diluent, excipient, or carrier.
  • Peyronie's disease may develop following trauma to the penis that causes localized internal bleeding, and can result in painful erections and penile disfigurement.
  • the physical structure of the penis includes the corpora cavernosa - two erectile rods, the urethra - a conduit through which urine flows from the bladder, and the tunica, which separates the cavernosa from the outer layers of skin of the penis.
  • Peyronie's disease can involve the formation of a plaque or scar tissue between the tunica and the outer layers of the skin (e.g., subdermal scar tissue). Scaring or plaque accumulation of the tunica reduces its elasticity. The result is that the affected area does not have the same elasticity as the surrounding, unaffected tissues. As the penis with Peyronie's disease becomes erect, the erect penis often bends in the direction of the scar tissue, which can cause varying amounts of pain.
  • a mild case of Peyronie's disease can heal spontaneously in six months to a year and a half.
  • the hardened plaque substantially reduces penile flexibility and can cause excruciating pain where the penis is forced into a highly arcuate or even serpentine configuration upon erection. Plaques can cause the penis to bend upward, downward, and in some cases, when plagues develops on both top and bottom, the plaques can lead to indentation and shortening of the penis.
  • the subject suffers some degree of sexual dysfunction. In severe cases, sexual intercourse can be so painful that it is effectively prohibitive.
  • the plaque of Peyronie's disease may develop following trauma to the penis that causes localized internal bleeding. If the penis is abnormally bumped or bent, an area where the septum attaches to the elastic fibers surrounding the corpora cavernosa may stretch beyond its normal limit, which can injure the lining of the erectile chamber by, for example, rupturing small blood vessels. A damaged area may heal slowly or abnormally because of a combination of factors including repeated trauma and a naturally low amount of blood-flow in the sheath-like fibers of the elastic structures of the penis. In mild cases of Peyronie's disease (those that tend to heal within about a year), the plaque does not tend to advance beyond an initial inflammatory phase.
  • the plaque can undergo the formation of a tough fibrous tissue, called a fibrosis. These tissues can further undergo the formation of calcium deposits called calcification.
  • Effective treatments for the causes and symptoms of Peyronie's disease and other connective tissue disorders would provide welcome relief from the difficulties associated with these serious conditions. Such effective treatments are described herein below.
  • references in the specification to "one embodiment”, “an embodiment”, etc., indicate that the embodiment described may include a particular aspect, feature, structure, moiety, or characteristic, but not every embodiment necessarily includes that aspect, feature, structure, moiety, or characteristic. Moreover, such phrases may, but do not necessarily, refer to the same embodiment referred to in other portions of the specification. Further, when a particular aspect, feature, structure, moiety, or characteristic is described in connection with an embodiment, it is within the knowledge of one skilled in the art to affect or connect such aspect, feature, structure, moiety, or characteristic with other embodiments, whether or not explicitly described.
  • one or more ingredients can refer to one; one or two; one, two, or three; one two, three, or four; five, six, seven, eight, nine, or about ten ingredients.
  • the term “about” can refer to a variation of ⁇ 5%, ⁇ 10%, 1 20%, on 25% of the value specified.
  • “about 50" percent can in some embodiments carry a variation from 45 to 55 percent.
  • the term “about” can include one or two integers greater than and/or less than a recited integer at each end of the range. Unless indicated otherwise herein, the term “about” is intended to include values, e.g., weight percents, proximate to the recited range that are equivalent in terms of the functionality of the individual ingredient, the composition, or the embodiment.
  • ranges recited herein also encompass any and all possible sub-ranges and combinations of sub-ranges thereof, as well as the individual values making up the range, particularly integer values.
  • a recited range e.g., weight percents or carbon groups
  • Any listed range can be easily recognized as sufficiently describing and enabling the same range being broken down into at least equal halves, thirds, quarters, fifths, or tenths. As a non-limiting example, each range discussed herein can be readily broken down into a lower third, middle third and upper third, etc.
  • contacting refers to the act of touching, making contact, or of bringing to immediate or close proximity, including at the cellular or molecular level, for example, to bring about a physiological reaction, a chemical reaction, or a physical change, e.g., in a solution, in a reaction mixture, in vitro, or in vim.
  • a composition described herein is typically contacted to the skin above sub-dermal plaque accumulation or scar tissue of a subject seeking treatment.
  • an “effective amount” refers to an amount effective to treat a disease, disorder, and/or condition, or to bring about a recited effect.
  • an amount effective can be an amount effective to reduce the progression or severity of the condition or symptoms being treated. Determination of a therapeutically effective amount is well within the capacity of persons skilled in the art.
  • the term "effective amount” is intended to include an amount of a compound described herein, or an amount of a combination of compounds described herein, e.g., that is effective to treat or prevent a disease or disorder, or to treat the symptoms of the disease or disorder, in a host.
  • an “effective amount” generally means an amount that provides the desired effect.
  • Pulsation enhancement refers to an increase in the permeability of the skin or mucosal tissue to a pharmacologically active agent in the presence of a penetration enhancer, i.e., so that the rate at which the agent permeates the skin (i.e., the "flux" of the agent through the body surface) is increased relative to the rate that would be obtained in the absence of penetration enhancer.
  • the enhanced permeation effected through the use of such enhancers can be observed by measuring the rate of diffusion of an active through animal or human skin using, for example a Franz diffusion apparatus, as known in the art.
  • treating include (i) preventing a disease, pathologic or medical condition from occurring (e.g., prophylaxis); (ii) inhibiting the disease, pathologic or medical condition or arresting its development; (Hi) relieving the disease, pathologic or medical condition; and/or (iv) diminishing symptoms associated with the disease, pathologic or medical condition.
  • the terms “treat”, “treatment”, and “treating” extend to prophylaxis and include prevent, prevention, preventing, lowering, stopping or reversing the progression or severity of the condition or symptoms being treated.
  • treatment includes medical, therapeutic, and/or prophylactic administration, as appropriate.
  • inhibitor refers to the slowing, halting, or reversing the growth or progression of a disease, infection, condition, or group of cells.
  • the inhibition can be greater than about 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, 90%, 95%, or 99%, for example, compared to the growth or progression that occurs in the absence of the treatment or contacting.
  • subdermal plaque accumulation refers to conditions such as Peyronie's disease, Dupuytren's contracture, Ledderhose Fibrosis, and/or scarring of tissue.
  • compositions described herein can treat, or reduce or alleviate the symptoms of, such conditions.
  • Emu oil is an oil obtained from the fat of the emu, Dromaius novaehollandiae, a flightless bird, indigenous to Australia and New Zealand. Pure emu oil is typically a yellow liquid containing approximately 70% unsaturated fatty acid triglycerides by weight. The largest unsaturated fatty acid component of the triglycerides is oleic acid, a mono-unsaturated omega-9 fatty acid. Emu oil triglycerides can also include about 20% linoleic acid (an omega-6 fatty acid) and 1-2% linolenic acid (an omega-3 fatty acid). Fully refined emu oil certified by the American Emu Association has a moisture content below 0.10% by weight.
  • Emu oil typically has less than 3 wt.% of free fatty acids, and more commonly less than about 1.5 wt.% of free fatty acids, less than about 1.0 wt.% of free fatty acids, or less than about 0.5 wt.% of free fatty acids.
  • Substantially all fatty acid moieties in emu oil are conjugated to glycerol in the form of triglycerides.
  • Refined emu oil is essentially 100% triglycerides in composition, typically at least about 99.9% triglycerides.
  • the specific mix of fatty acids can be specie specific, and the order of attachment of the three fatty acids to the glycerol molecule to form the triglyceride can also be specie specific.
  • the composition of fatty acid moieties of emu oil is shown in Table 1.
  • Refined emu oil can be substantially 100% triglycerides having about 32% saturated fatty acid moieties, about 51% monounsaturated fatty acid moieties, and about 16% polyunsaturated fatty acid moieties.
  • the polyunsaturated fatty acid moieties can be about 12-15% linoleic acid moieties and about 1% linolenic acid moieties, however the emu oil derived from some species of emu can include as much as 18% linoleic acid moieties.
  • the compositions described herein preferably use fully refined Grade A emu oil certified by the American Emu Association. Emu oil is further described in U.S. Patent No. 7,371 ,407 (Farmer). Examples of specific emu oil triglycerides as determined by HPLC analysis are shown in Table 2 below.
  • Pracaxi oil is the oil of the seeds of the Pentaclethra macroloba tree, commonly found throughout northern Brazil. The oil has high moisturizing activity and can improve skin tone and help retain elasticity. Pracaxi oil has a high behenic acid content and contains about 2 wt.% stearin. Pracaxi oil contains lauric acid ( ⁇ 0.12%), myristic acid ( ⁇ 0.43%), palmitic acid ( ⁇ 5%), palmitoleic acid ( ⁇ 5%), stearic acid ( ⁇ 5%), oleic acid (35-75%).
  • the pracaxi oil can be combined with other components to provide a carrier oil composition.
  • suitable pracaxi oil compositions include a collagenase hyaluronidase topical gel, a dimethyl sulfone tranilast ascorbic acid topical gel, and a dimethyl sulfone ascorbic acid caffeine topical gel.
  • the emu oil can be replaced with pracaxi oil or a pracaxi oil composition.
  • a portion of the emu oil can be replaced with pracaxi oil or a pracaxi oil composition.
  • about 5%, 10%, 20%, 25%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 75%, 80%, 90%, or 95% of the emu oil in a composition can be replaced with pracaxi oil /composition.
  • a calcium channel blocker is a compound that disrupts the movement of calcium (Ca 2+ ) through calcium channels.
  • a calcium channel blocker can also be referred to as a calcium channel blocker agent, a calcium channel blocker active agent. or a calcium ion channel blocker, and the like.
  • Calcium channel blockers can block voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs) in blood vessels, which can decrease intracellular calcium leading to a reduction in muscle contraction.
  • the topical compositions described herein will typically include a calcium channel blocker as an active agent.
  • One active ingredient in a topical formulation can be the calcium channel blocker nicardipine.
  • Another active ingredient in a topical formulation can be the calcium channel blocker verapamil.
  • Another active ingredient in a topical formulation can be the calcium channel blocker nifedipine.
  • Other calcium channel blockers, topically applied with the novel compositions described herein, can provide similar therapeutic results.
  • the active can be included in the formulation as a salt.
  • reference to verapamil includes its salts, such as verapamil hydrochloride.
  • Combinations of calcium channel blocker active agents can have even greater efficacy than a single type of active.
  • an amount of a dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker such as nicardipine
  • various proportions of nicardipine can be combined with various proportions of a dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker such as nifedipine.
  • calcium channel blockers that can be used in the compositions described herein, in any combination, include benzothiazepines such as diltiazem, other dihydropyridines such as amlodipine, felodipine, isradipine, nimodipine, and/or nisoldipine, and fast sodium inward channel inhibitors such as bepridil.
  • An effective dose of a calcium channel blocker can be about 5 mg, about 10 mg, about 15 mg, about 20 mg, about 25 mg, about 30 mg, about 40 mg, about 50 mg, about 75 mg, or about 100 mg.
  • the composition comprises 10 wt.% to 40 wt.%, 15 wt.% to 35 wt.%, or 20 wt.% to 30 wt.%, of one or more calcium channel blockers.
  • Superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzymes are a class of enzymes that catalyze the destruction of the superoxide free radical (O 2 ), for example, the dismutation of superoxide into hydrogen peroxide and oxygen or hydrogen peroxide and water. They are an important antioxidant defense in nearly all cells exposed to oxygen.
  • Superoxide dismutase consists of two subunits of identical molecular weight joined by a disulfide bond. The molecular weight of SOD is approximately 32.5 kDa.
  • One suitable type of SOD is SOD derived from bacterial source, such as Escherichia ⁇ //, or a natural yeast strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which is not conjugated or encapsulated.
  • the SOD can be in the form of a powder, such as a lyophilized powder.
  • a powder such as a lyophilized powder.
  • Such forms of SOD are available from suppliers such as Professional Compounding Centers of America (Houston, TX) or Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO).
  • the SOD used can be a commercial variety such as CAS# 0054-89-1 , SOD Activity 45000-55000 piu/mL, pH 7-9, very slight greenish liquid, heavy metal content ⁇ 2 ppm (Pb, Cd, Co, Cr, Ni).
  • the SOD can have an activity of ⁇ 1 ,000 units/mg protein, ⁇ 2,500 units/mg protein, about 1 ,000 to about 4,000 units/mg protein, or about 2,500 to about 6,000 unrts/mg protein.
  • SOD SOD
  • IrhSOD human Cu/Zn-Superoxide Dismutase
  • BID BID
  • IrhSOD liposomally encapsulated recombinant human Cu/Zn-Superoxide Dismutase
  • the IrhSOD is available from suppliers such as Polymun Scientific, Vienna, Austria.
  • Pharmaceutical grade Cu/Zn-Superoxide Dismutase is also known as orgotein.
  • Other forms of SOD that can be used in formulations described herein include SOD conjugates such as polyethylene glycol - superoxide dismutase (PEG-SOD) and SOD conjugated to low molecular weight heparin (LMWH-SOD).
  • PEG-SOD polyethylene glycol - superoxide dismutase
  • LWH-SOD low molecular weight heparin
  • suitable forms of SOD will not be derived from bovine sources.
  • Recombinant human Cu/Zn-SOD can be obtained and purified from £. ⁇ //, for example, as produced at the Institute of Applied Microbiology, in pharmaceutical grade quality (Vorauer-Uhl and Skias, J. Chmmatogr. 1992; 625: 217-226).
  • Liposomes of dipalmitoyl-phosphatidyl-choline (DPPC, Avanti Polar Lipids, Alabaster, AL, USA), cholesterol (Avanti Polar Lipids), and stearylamine (Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA) with a molar ratio of 7/2/1 were produced by a modified ethanol injection method under sterile conditions (Naeff, Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 1996; 18: 343-347). Rh Cu/Zn-SOD liposomes were produced in phosphate-buffered saline.
  • the average diameter of the applied liposomes was about 200 nm with a polydispersity index of 0.2. Measurements were performed on a Zetasizer4 (Malvern, Southborough, MA, USA). The average liposomal rhSOD content was about 25 ⁇ / ⁇ of DPPC.
  • sterile 1% Carbopogel 980 Goodrich, Brussels, Belgium
  • the composition comprises 0.05 wt.% to 3.0 wt.%, 0.15 wt.% to 2.5 wt.%, or 0.2 wt.% to 2.0 wt.%, of one or more superoxide dismutases.
  • Interferons are proteins made and released by host cells in response to the presence of pathogens such as viruses, bacteria, or parasites, or the presence of tumor cells. Interferons allow for communication between cells to trigger the protective defenses of the immune system that eradicate pathogens or tumors. IFNs belong to the class of glycoproteins known as cytokines. Functions of IFNs include activating immune cells, such as natural killer cells and macrophages; increasing recognition of infection or tumor cells by up-regulating antigen presentation to T lymphocytes; and increasing the ability of uninfected host cells to resist new infection by pathogen. Several distinct IFNs have been identified in mammals, seven of which have been identified in humans. IFNs are typically divided among three IFN classes: Type I IFN, Type II IFN, and Type III IFN. The type I interferons present in humans are IFN-a, IFN- ⁇ and IFN- ⁇ .
  • INFs are suitable for use in the topical formulations of the invention.
  • Suitable and effective INFs can include, but are not limited to, human leukocyte interferon-alpha (HulFN-alpha-Le), interferon-alpha, interferon-alpha-2a, interferon-alpha-2b, PEGylated interferon-alpha, PEGylated interferon-alpha-2a, PEGylated interferon-alpha-2b, interferon-beta 1a, liquid form, interferon-beta 1a, lyophilized, interferon-beta 1a biogeneric, interferon-beta 1b, interferon-beta 1b biosimilar, and the like.
  • HulFN-alpha-Le human leukocyte interferon-alpha
  • interferon-alpha-2a interferon-alpha-2b
  • PEGylated interferon-alpha PEGylated interferon-alpha-2a
  • an INF active can be included in a formulation.
  • a dose of 1-10 x 10* U interferon fieri O 8 IU) can be included in a formulation.
  • a dose of about 2 x 10* U interferon, about 4 x 10* U interferon, or about 6 x 10 s U interferon can be included in a formulation.
  • About 1-10 million units, or about 5 million units, of the interferon can typically be included in one dosage unit of the formulation.
  • the INF can be combined with a carrier prior to combining with emu oil and other components of a formulation.
  • the formulations described herein can also include one or more additional actives in varying amounts, according to the desired purpose.
  • one active such as nicardipine
  • additional or replacement actives can include, but are not limited to, carnitine, acyl esters of carnitine such as acetyl-L-camitine or propionyl-L-camitine, Aloe vera extracts, colchicine, dexamethasone, hydrocortisone, interferons (INF) such as interferon alpha-2 or modified versions thereof such as pegylated interferon alpha-2a or pegylated interferon alpha-2b, magnesium sulfate, para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA), potassium para-aminobenzoate (e.g., Potaba *), pentoxifylline, phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors, sildenafil citrate, vitamin E, or a combination thereof.
  • each additional active can be included in a formulation.
  • concentration of any active agent in the formulation will typically depend upon a variety of factors, including the specific disease or condition to be treated, the nature and activity of the active agent, the desired effect, possible adverse reactions, the ability and speed of the active agent to reach its intended target, and other factors within the particular knowledge of the patient and physician.
  • Preferred formulations will typically contain on the order of about 0.1-50 wt.%, or about 5-30 wt.%, of each active agent.
  • compositions described herein can optionally include one or more penetration enhancers.
  • the penetration enhancer can be, for example, a
  • inorganic bases include inorganic hydroxides, inorganic oxides, inorganic salts of weak acids, and combinations thereof.
  • Suitable organic bases can include one or more nitrogenous bases.
  • the body surface can be exposed to a composition described herein that includes a penetration enhancer, such as a base or basic solution or other agent described below, for a sufficient period of time so as to provide a high pH at the skin surface (e.g., a pH of about 7.5 to about 12), thus creating channels in the skin or mucosa for the drug to pass through.
  • a penetration enhancer such as a base or basic solution or other agent described below
  • the drug flux can be proportional to the strength of the solution and the duration of exposure.
  • the composition can also include at least one irritation-mitigating additive.
  • compositions and methods described herein can provide an enhanced flux of an active agent in the range of at least about 2-fold to about 10-fold, preferably at least about 10-fold to 50-fold, or at least about 50-fold to 100-fold, as compared to the flux observed in the absence of the emu oil or a penetration enhancer described herein.
  • a secondary penetration enhancer can be included in any composition described herein, according to various embodiments.
  • suitable secondary enhancers include, but are not limited to, fatty acids, saturated and/or unsaturated; fatty alcohols; bile acids; nonionic surfactants, including esters of fatty acids, fatty (long-chain alkyl or alkenyl) esters of monohydric alcohols, dials, and polyols, dials and polyols that are both esterified with a fatty acid and/or substituted with a polyoxyalkylene, polyoxyalkylene fatty acid esters, polyoxyalkylene fatty ethers, polyoxyalkylene fatty ethers, and polyglyceryl fatty acid esters; amines; amides; W-alkyl-azacycloalkanones, or W-alkyl-azacycl
  • Suitable co-enhancers include ethers such as diethylene glycol monoethyl ether (available commercially as Transcutol* Gattefosse SA) and diethylene glycol monomethyl ether; surfactants such as sodium laurate, sodium lauryl sulfate, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, benzalkonium chloride, Poloxamer (231 , 182, 184), Tween (20, 40, 60, 80) and lecithin; alcohols such as ethanol, propanol, octanol, benzyl alcohol, and the like; fatty acids such as lauric acid, oleic acid and valeric acid; fatty acid esters such as isopropyl myristate, isopropyl palmitate, methylpropionate, and ethyl oleate; polyols and esters thereof such as polyethylene glycol, and polyethylene glycol monolaurate; amides and other nitrogenous compounds such as urea,
  • Azone® and sulfoxides such as dimethylsulfoxide and decylmethylsulfoxide may also be used, but are less preferred.
  • Combinations of one or more of the preceding agents can be added to a composition described herein.
  • Percutaneous Penetration Enhancers eds. Smith et al. (CRC Press, 1995) provides an overview of the field and further information concerning suitable secondary enhancers for use in conjunction with the compositions described herein.
  • Various suitable lipophilic co-enhancers are also described in U.S. Patent Nos.
  • the composition may also contain irritation-mitigating additives to minimize or eliminate the possibility of skin irritation or damage to sensitive skin resulting from the drug, the base enhancer, or other components of the formulation.
  • Suitable irritation- mitigating additives include, for example: a-tocopherol; monoamine oxidase inhibitors, particularly phenyl alcohols such as 2-phenyM -ethanol; glycerin; salicylic acids and salicylates; ascorbic acids and ascorbates; ionophores such as monensin; amphiphilic amines; ammonium chloride; /V-acetylcysteine; os-urocanic acid; capsaicin;
  • the irritant-mitigating additive may be incorporated into the formulation at a concentration effective to mitigate irritation or skin damage, typically representing not more than about 20 wt.%, more typically not more than about 5 wt.%. of the formulation, and often about 0.1 to about 3 wt.% of the formulation.
  • dimethyl sulfoxide can be included in the composition as a penetration enhancer.
  • DMSO is a rapidly absorbed skin penetrant, with the ability to carry other substances through membranes such as skin, while it acts as an anti-inflammatory agent.
  • Active agents dissolved in DMSO retain their therapeutic activity and their specific properties over a prolonged period of time; it can maintain and multiply the activity of the active it carries. Allergic reactions can be diminished by the inclusion of DMSO. Any detectable order of DMSO can be diminished, for example, by using aloe or a mint fragrance.
  • the invention provides a novel medicament useful for the treatment of connective tissue conditions or disorders.
  • Such conditions or disorders include, but are not limited to, sub-dermal plaque formations and accumulations such as Peyronie's disease, Dupuytren's contracture, Ledderhose Fibrosis, and fibrosis of the muscle tissue that underlies erectile dysfunction.
  • This disclosure further provides medicaments useful for the treatment of conditions characterized by the
  • tissue disorders can be treated by the non-invasive topical application of a formulation described herein.
  • One important component of a therapeutic formulation disclosed herein can be a calcium channel blocker.
  • a variety of calcium channel blockers are described herein.
  • the calcium channel blockers can reduce fibrotic tissue disorder symptoms.
  • the invention thus provides compositions and methods for the transdermal administration of calcium channel blockers for the treatment of fibrotic tissue disorders that exhibit subdermal plaque accumulations.
  • the formulations described herein include topical gels that can effectively treat, and in some cases, reverse, perceptible Peyronie's disease symptoms.
  • Topical application of a formulation described herein can substantial reduce the symptoms to a degree substantially greater and with a substantially higher incidence of success than previously experienced by patient populations treated with many known therapies.
  • the formulations described herein can be highly effective in treating erectile dysfunction cases that are related to fibrosis of cavemosal smooth muscle tissue.
  • a formulation such as one of the therapeutic compositions described in the Examples below, e.g., which includes actives such as nicardipine and SOD in an emu oil earner, can be used to treat not only Peyronie's disease, but also other connective tissue disorders, including Dupuytren's contracture and Ledderhose Fibrosis.
  • the formulations can further be used to treat existing scars, such as those that arise from injury and surgical procedures.
  • the topical emu oil formulations described herein, when applied to existing scars, can substantially reduce the dimension and color aberrations of the scars.
  • Fibrosis is a common response to numerous conditions including tissue necrosis, trauma or injury, connective tissue disease, hypertension, diabetes, arterial insufficiency, and atherosclerosis. Fibrosis of cavemosal smooth muscle tissue can result in loss of elasticity of this smooth muscle tissue, interfering with the normal expansion of the cavemosal chambers when filled with arterial blood, thereby allowing for only a partial penile erection or no erection at all.
  • Erectile dysfunction due to fibrosis is common after 40 years of age, while the capacity for erection often is not changed. Because fibrosis underlies certain forms of erectile dysfunction, an effective topically applied antioxidant and/or calcium channel blocker formulation can be useful in treating forms of erectile dysfunction that arise from fibrosis because excessive formation of connective tissue is a common causative factor of both fibrosis-related erectile dysfunction and Peyronie's disease.
  • Ledderhose Fibrosis The efficacy in treating Dupuytren's contracture of the hand and Ledderhose Fibrosis through topical application can be similar to that for treating Peyronie's disease.
  • the formulations described herein can exhibit a high degree of efficacy in reducing objective manifestations of scar tissues.
  • the formulations can be applied in a like dosage and periodicity as described herein to a variety of scar types with successful results. Aberrant coloration of existing scars can be substantially reduced.
  • the treatment of existing scarring through use of the topical formulations by application to the scar can provide scar remediation with an unprecedented combination of ease of treatment, lack of pain and efficacy.
  • compositions suitable for topical application to the skin can include a calcium channel blocker active agent and/or superoxide dismutase, and emu oil.
  • T e composition can further include a
  • the calcium channel blocker can be, for example, nicardipine, verapamil, nifedipine, diltiazem, amalodipine, felodipine, isradipine, nimodipine, nisoldipine, bepridil. or a combination thereof.
  • the calcium channel blocker is nicardipine.
  • the calcium channel blocker is verapamil.
  • the calcium channel blocker can be present, for example, in about 1 wt.% to about 50 wt.%, about 2 wt.% to about 30 wt.%, about 5 wt.% to about 25 wt.%, 10 wt.% to about 25 wt.%, or about 20 wt.%.
  • the composition comprises 10 wt.% to 40 wt.%, 15 wt.% to 35 wt.%, or 20 wt.% to 30 wt.%, of one or more calcium channel blockers.
  • the carriers or gelling agents further include white petrolatum, sorbitan mono-oleate, white beeswax, or yellow beeswax, or combinations thereof.
  • the carriers, or thickening or gelling agents further include poloxamer F-127, silica gel, Emulsifix-205, or combinations thereof.
  • the superoxide dismutase can be, for example, orgotein, a superoxide dismutase isolated from Escherichia coli or Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a liposomally encapsulated recombinant human Cu/Zn-Superoxide Dismutase (IrhSOD), superoxide dismutase conjugated to polyethylene glycol or to low molecular weight heparin, or a combination thereof.
  • the superoxide dismutase is a liposomally encapsulated recombinant human Cu/Zn-Superoxide Dismutase (I rhSOD).
  • the superoxide dismutase can be present in about 0.01 wt.% to about 5 wt.%, about 0.1 wt.% to about 2 wt.%, about 0.1 wt.% to about 1 wt.%, about 0.1 wt.% to about 0.5 wt.%, or about 0.2 wt.%.
  • the composition comprises 0.05 wt.% to 3.0 wt.%, 0.15 wt.% to 2.5 wt.%, or 0.2 wt.% to 2.0 wt.%, of one or more superoxide dismutases.
  • Emu oil can be present in a formulation in about 10 wt.% to about 9 ⁇ . ⁇ wt.%. In some embodiments, the emu oil is present in about 30 wt.% to about ⁇ 8 wt.%, 40 wt.% to about 95 wt.%, 50 wt.% to about 90 wt.%, 60 wt.% to about 85 wt.%, or 30 wt.% to about 75 wt.%. In one embodiment, the composition comprises 60 wt.% to 85 wt.%, 65 wt.% to 80 wt.%, or 65 wt.% to 75 wt.% of emu oil.
  • the formulation can include about 5 wt.%, about 10 wt.%, about 15 wt.%, or about 20 wt.% of an active agent, such as nicardipine, or verapamil, with the remainder of the formulation being emu oil.
  • an active agent such as nicardipine, or verapamil
  • Such formulations can also include appropriate amounts (e.g., 0.1-15%, 0.1-5%, or 0.1-5%) of other ingredients such as gelling agents, fragrances, and the like.
  • the composition includes a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier of emu oil, mineral oil, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, propoleum, or a combination thereof.
  • the pharmaceutically acceptable carrier can be present in about 45 wt.% to about 99 wt.%, or about 45 wt.% to about 70 wt.%.
  • the pharmaceutically acceptable carrier can be present in about 2 wt.% to about 20 wt.%, or about 4 wt.% to about 10 wt.%.
  • the composition can further comprising a gelling agent, a preservative, a fragrance, or a combination thereof.
  • the gelling agent can be present in about 4 wt.% to about 20 wt.%, or about 5 wt.% to about 15 wt.%.
  • the composition can be in the form of a gel, cream, foam, lotion, oil, ointment, paste, suspension, or aerosol spray.
  • the composition includes about 2 wt.% to about 25 wt.% of a calcium channel blocker, about 40 wt.% to about 98 wt.% emu oil, and 0 wt.% to about 58 wt.% of a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
  • the composition includes about 2 wt.% to about 25 wt.% of nicardipine and/or verapamil, about 40 wt.% to about 97 wt.% emu oil, and about 1 wt.% to about 58 wt.% of mineral oil, polysorbate 80, ethoxy diglycol, or a combination thereof.
  • the composition includes about 0.1 wt.% to about 3 wt.% of superoxide dismutase, about 40 wt.% to about 97 wt.% emu oil, and about 1 wt.% to about 60 wt.% of a pharmaceutically acceptable earner.
  • the composition includes about 0.2 wt.% to about 2 wt.% of superoxide dismutase, about 40 wt.% to about 97 wt.% emu oil, and about 1 wt.% to about 60 wt.% of mineral oil, polysorbate 80, ethoxy diglycol, or a combination thereof.
  • the composition includes about 2 wt.% to about 25 wt.% of a calcium channel blocker, about 0.1 wt.% to about 3 wt.% of superoxide dismutase, about 40 wt.% to about 80 wt.% emu oil, and about 32 wt.% to about 58 wt.% of a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
  • the composition includes about 2 wt.% to about 30 wt.% of a calcium channel blocker, about 0.1 wt.% to about 3 wt.% of superoxide dismutase, about 40 wt.% to about 80 wt.% emu oil, about 2 wt.% to about 15 wt.% of a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or gelling agent.
  • the composition includes about 10 wt.% to about 30 wt.% of a calcium channel blocker, about 0.1 wt.% to about 2 wt.% of superoxide dismutase, about 60 wt.% to about 80 wt.% emu oil, about 2 wt.% to about 15 wt.% of a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or gelling agent.
  • the composition includes about 2 wt.% to about 25 wt.% of nicardipine and/or verapamil, about 0.2 wt.% to about 2 wt.% of superoxide dismutase, about 40 wt.% to about 80 wt.% emu oil, and about 32 wt.% to about 58 wt.% of mineral oil, polysorbate 80, ethoxy diglycol. or a combination thereof.
  • the composition includes about 2 wt.% to about 25 wt.% of a calcium channel blocker, about 0.1 wt.% to about 3 wt.% of superoxide dismutase, and about 72 wt.% to about 98 wt.% emu oil. In another embodiment, the composition includes about 2 wt.% to about 25 wt.% of nicardipine and/or verapamil, about 0.2 wt.% to about 2 wt.% of superoxide dismutase, and about 72 wt.% to about 98 wt.% emu oil.
  • the composition includes about 2 wt.% to about 25 wt.% of a calcium channel blocker, about 0.1 wt.% to about 3 wt.% of superoxide dismutase, about 1 x 10* U and about 10 x 10 8 U of interferon, and about 71 wt.% to about 98 wt.% emu oil.
  • the composition includes about 2 wt.% to about 25 wt.% of nicardipine and/or verapamil, about 0.2 wt.% to about 2 wt.% of superoxide dismutase, about 1 x 10 6 U and about 10 x 10 s U of interferon, and about 71 wt.% to about 98 wt.% emu oil.
  • the connective tissue disorder can include sub-dermal plaque accumulation or scar tissue.
  • the method can include topically or transdermally administering an effective amount of a composition described herein to a portion of the dermis that overlies the sub-dermal plaque or scar tissue, for a period of time sufficient to reduce the symptoms or severity of the connective tissue disorder.
  • the connective tissue disorder can be Peyronie's disease, Dupuytren's hand contracture, or
  • Ledderhose Fibrosis The administration can be about once or twice daily for a period of at least three weeks, for about three months, or for about 6 months, or until the symptoms of the condition are sufficiently reduced.
  • compositions described herein will typically include emu oil and one or more active agents ("actives"), as described above.
  • actives active agents
  • the compositions can be combined with other ingredients to provide pharmaceutical formulations.
  • compositions will typically include the therapeutic composition, a pharmaceutically acceptable earner, and optionally one or more additional ingredients that, for example, aid the formation of the desired delivery vehicle of the active.
  • additional ingredients that, for example, aid the formation of the desired delivery vehicle of the active.
  • topical administration it will generally be desirable to administer the active agent to the skin as a composition or formulation, for example, in combination with a
  • compositions or formulations may be a semi-solid, oil, or a liquid.
  • Liquid compositions can be applied from absorbent pads, used to impregnate bandages and other dressings, or sprayed onto the affected area using a pump-type or aerosol sprayer.
  • a topical composition typically includes an active and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier for topical administration.
  • the administration can be the topical application of a gel, a jelly, a cream, a lotion, a wax, an ointment, a solution, a paste, an aerosol, a patch, and/or a combination thereof.
  • Suitable pharmaceutically acceptable carriers include, but are not limited to, creams such as Cetaphil Moisturising Cream (Galderma Laboratories, L.P.), QV Cream (Lision Hong), Sorbolene, or the like.
  • the pharmaceutical acceptable carrier includes a lotion, such as Alpha Keri Moisturizing Lotion (Mentholatum), DermaVeen Moisturizing Lotion (DermaTech Laboratories), QV Skin Lotion (Lision Hong), Cetaphil Moisturizing Lotion (Galderma Laboratories, L.P.), or the like.
  • the pharmaceutically acceptable earner can include one or more oils, in place of or in addition to emu oil.
  • salts In cases where actives are sufficiently basic or acidic to form stable nontoxic acid or base salts, administration of the actives as salts may be appropriate.
  • pharmaceutically acceptable salts are organic acid addition salts formed with acids which form a physiological acceptable anion, for example, tosylate, methanesulfonate, acetate, propionate, citrate, malonate, tartrate, succinate, benzoate, ascorbate, oketoglutarate, and (.-glycerophosphate.
  • Pharmaceutically acceptable salts can also be mineral acid salts such as hydrochlorides, hydrobromides, and the like. Suitable salts may also be formed as halides, nitrates, phosphates, sulfates, bicarbonates, carbonate salts, and the like.
  • salts may be obtained using standard procedures well known in the art, for example by reacting a sufficiently basic compound such as an amine with a suitable acid to provide a physiologically acceptable ionic compound.
  • a sufficiently basic compound such as an amine
  • a suitable acid for example, a sufficiently basic compound such as an amine
  • Alkali metal (for example, sodium, potassium or lithium) or alkaline earth metal (for example, calcium) salts of carboxylic acids can also be prepared by analogous methods.
  • Active agents can be combined with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent to produce a pharmaceutical composition or formulation.
  • the active agents or therapeutic composition can be combined with a "carrier" that is physiologically compatible with the skin or mucosal tissue of a human or animal to which it is topically administered.
  • the carrier is substantially inactive, with the exception of its intrinsic surfactant properties which may aid in the production of a solution or suspension of the active ingredients.
  • the compositions may include other physiologically active constituents that do not interfere with the efficacy of the active agents in the composition.
  • the carriers can be liquid or gel-based materials for use in liquid or gel formulations. The specific formulations depend, in part, upon the desired routes or modes of administration.
  • Suitable carrier materials include any carrier or vehicle commonly used as a base for solutions, dispersions, emulsions, gels, creams, ointment, lotions, pastes, or foams, for topical administration.
  • examples include emulsifying agents, inert carriers including hydrocarbon bases, emulsifying bases, non-toxic solvents or water-soluble bases.
  • liquid or gel-based carriers are well-known in the art.
  • the carrier should be able to dissolve or disperse an active at an effective level, optionally with the aid of non-toxic surfactants.
  • examples include water, physiological salt solutions, alcohols (e.g., methanol, ethanol, propanol, or butanol), glycerol, glycols (e.g., ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, or ethoxy diglycol), polyethylene glycol (e.g., MW 400 to 20,000), water-alcohol/glycol blends, and the like.
  • Suitable carriers and diluents for certain embodiments include, for example, water, saline, isotonic saline solutions, for example, phosphate-buffered saline, aqueous dextrose, glycerol, ethoxy diglycol, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and the like, or combinations thereof.
  • Suitable carriers further include aqueous and oleaginous carriers such as, for example, white petrolatum, isopropyl myristate, lanolin or lanolin alcohols, mineral oil, fragrant or essential oil, nasturtium extract oil, sorbitan mono-oleate, cetostearyl alcohol (together or in various combinations), and detergents (e.g., polysorbates (Tweens) such as polysorbate 20, 40, 60, or 80; polyoxyl stearate; or sodium lauryl sulfate).
  • aqueous and oleaginous carriers such as, for example, white petrolatum, isopropyl myristate, lanolin or lanolin alcohols, mineral oil, fragrant or essential oil, nasturtium extract oil, sorbitan mono-oleate, cetostearyl alcohol (together or in various combinations), and detergents (e.g., polysorbates (Tweens) such as polysorbate 20, 40, 60, or 80;
  • Suitable carriers include water-in-oil or oil-in-water emulsions and mixtures of emulsifiers and emollients with solvents such as sucrose stearate, sucrose cocoate, sucrose distearate, mineral oil, propylene glycol, 2-ethyl-1 ,3- hexanediol, polyoxypropylene-15-stearyl ether, water, or combinations thereof.
  • solvents such as sucrose stearate, sucrose cocoate, sucrose distearate, mineral oil, propylene glycol, 2-ethyl-1 ,3- hexanediol, polyoxypropylene-15-stearyl ether, water, or combinations thereof.
  • solvents such as sucrose stearate, sucrose cocoate, sucrose distearate, mineral oil, propylene glycol, 2-ethyl-1 ,3- hexanediol, polyoxypropylene-15-stearyl ether, water, or combinations
  • Preservatives may also be included in the carrier, such as one or more of butylparaben, methylparaben, propylparaben, benzyl alcohol, and ethylene diamine tetraacetate salts.
  • the composition of the carrier can be varied so long as it does not interfere significantly with the pharmacological activity of the active ingredients of the therapeutic composition.
  • the carrier can be a PLO gel (pluronic lecithin organogel).
  • PLO gel contains isopropyl palmitate (a non-oleaginous emollient), soy lecithin (mixture of phospholipids), water, and Pluronic F127.
  • the composition comprises 1.0 wt.% to 10 wt.%, 2 wt.% to 15 wt.%, or 5 wt.% to 10 wt.%, of one or more non-emu oil carriers.
  • compositions described herein can include one or more gelling agents to increase the viscosity of the composition.
  • gelling agents and thickening agents include, but are not limited to, fatty acids, fatty acid salts and esters, fatty alcohols, synthetic polymers, modified celluloses, xanthan gum, or combinations thereof.
  • suitable synthetic polymers include polyethylene glycol (PEG), polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), various Pluronics (poloxamers), or carbomers (e.g., Carbomer 940 or Carbomer 934).
  • modified celluloses include methylcellulose, carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC), hydroxymethyl cellulose (HMC), hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC), hydroxypropyl-methylcellulose (HPMC), or other cellulose-based gelling agents.
  • the molecular weights of the gelling agent can be about 1 kDa to about 1 ,000 kDa, about 10 kDa to about 1 ,000 kDa, about 100 kDa to about 1 ,000 kDa, or about 50 kDa to about 500 kDa.
  • thickening agents examples include lanolin, hard paraffin, liquid paraffin, white petrolatum, soft yellow paraffin or soft white paraffin, white beeswax, yellow beeswax, propolis (propoleum), cetostearyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, dimethicones, emulsifying waxes, microcrystalline wax, oleyl alcohol and stearyl alcohol.
  • a gelling agent or thickening agent can be present in a formulation at about 0.05 wt.% to about 20 wt.%, typically about 0.1 wt.% to about 10 wt.%, about 0.1 wt.% to about 5 wt.%, about 0.5 wt.% to about 2 wt.%, about 0.8 wt.% to about 2 wt.%, or about 1-1.5 wt.%.
  • the composition comprises 0.5 wt.% to 15 wt.%, 1 wt.% to 10 wt.%, or 2 wt.% to 10 wt.%, of one or more thickening agents or gelling agents.
  • One or more gelling agents or thickening agents may be included in a single formulation. Such agents can be employed with liquid earners to form spreadable gels, pastes, ointments, soaps, and the like, for application directly to the skin of the user.
  • Solutions and Dispersions can be prepared in water, optionally mixed with a nontoxic surfactant.
  • Dispersions can be prepared in glycerol, liquid polyethylene glycols, triacetin, or in a pharmaceutically acceptable oil such as emu oil, or mixtures thereof. Under ordinary conditions of storage and use, preparations may contain a preservative to prevent the growth of microorganisms.
  • Pharmaceutical dosage forms can include sterile aqueous solutions or dispersions comprising the active ingredient adapted for the extemporaneous preparation of sterile solutions or dispersions, optionally encapsulated in liposomes.
  • the ultimate dosage form should be fluid and stable under the conditions of manufacture and storage.
  • the liquid carrier or vehicle can be a solvent or liquid dispersion medium comprising, for example, water, ethanol, a polyol (for example, glycerol, propylene glycol, liquid polyethylene glycols, and the like), vegetable oils, emu oil, nontoxic glyceryl esters, and suitable mixtures thereof.
  • the proper fluidity of the composition can be maintained, for example, by the formation of liposomes, by the maintenance of the required particle size in the case of dispersions, or by the use of surfactants.
  • the prevention of the action of microorganisms can be brought about by various antibacterial and antifungal agents, for example, parabens, chlorobutanol, phenol, sorbic acid, thiomersal, and the like. In many cases, it will be preferable to include isotonic agents, for example, sugars, buffers, or sodium chloride. Prolonged absorption of the compositions can be brought about by agents delaying absorption, for example, aluminum monostearate and/or gelatin.
  • Solutions can be prepared by incorporating the active in a desired amount in the appropriate solvent or oil with various other ingredients enumerated herein, as desired, followed by optional filter sterilization.
  • methods of preparation can include vacuum drying and freeze drying techniques, which yield a powder of the active plus any additional desired ingredient present in the prepared solutions.
  • Gels are clear, sticky, jelly-like semisolids or solids prepared from high molecular weight polymers in an aqueous or alcoholic base. Alcoholic gels are often drying and cooling. Non-alcoholic gels are more lubricating. Gels or jellies can be produced using a suitable gelling agent including, but not limited to, gelatin, tragacanth, a carbomer, or a cellulose derivative and may include glycerol as a humectant, an emollient, and/or a preservative. In some embodiments, gel formulations will include the same or similar ingredients as a solution or dispersion, with the addition of a gelling agent.
  • the gel can include a nonionic copolymer gelling agent.
  • the gelling agent is a nonionic polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene copolymer gel, for example, a Pluronic gel such as Pluronic F-127 (BASF Corp.), to provide a pluronic gel- based formulation.
  • Pluronic gel such as Pluronic F-127 (BASF Corp.)
  • This gel can be advantageous because it is a liquid at low temperatures but rapidly sets at physiological temperatures, which confines the release of the agent to the site of application or immediately adjacent that site.
  • CMC carboxymethylcellulose
  • HMC hydroxy methyl cellulose
  • HPMC hydroxypropylmethylcellulose
  • Creams are viscous liquids or semisolid emulsions, either oiMn-water or water-in-oil.
  • Cream bases are water-washable, and comprise an oil phase, an emulsifier, and an aqueous-phase.
  • Water-in-oil creams may be formulated by using a suitable emulsifying agent with properties similar, but not limited, to those of the fatty alcohols such as cetyl alcohol or cetostearyl alcohol and to emulsifying wax.
  • Oil-in-water creams may be formulated using an emulsifying agent such as cetomacrogol emulsifying wax Suitable properties include the ability to modify the viscosity of the emulsion and both physical and chemical stability over a wide range of pH.
  • the water soluble or miscible cream base may contain a preservative system and may also be buffered to maintain an acceptable physiological pH.
  • the oil phase also called the "internal” phase, is generally comprised of petrolatum and a fatty alcohol such as cetyl or stearyl alcohol.
  • the aqueous phase usually, although not necessarily, exceeds the oil phase in volume, and generally contains a humectant (a substance, such as glycerin, sorbitol, or urea, that absorbs or helps another substance retain moisture).
  • the emulsifier in a cream formulation is generally a nonionic, anionic, cationic, or amphoteric surfactant.
  • emulsifiers include, but are not limited to, fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether (Peregal A-20), stearates such as polyoxylstearate (Softener SG), glyceryl stearate and pegylated forms of glyceryl stearate such as PEG- 5 glyceryl stearate, cetyl alcohol, dithranol, or a combination thereof.
  • Oil-phase ingredients can include, but are not limited to, dimethicone, dimethiconol, cyclomethicone, diisopropyl adipate, cetyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, paraffin, petrolatum, almond oil, stearic acid, or a combination thereof.
  • aqueous ingredients can include, but are not limited to, purified water, glycerol (glycerin), propylene glycol, ethyl paraben, a humectant, or a combination thereof.
  • the cream further comprises one or more film formers including but not limiting to polyglycerylmethacrylate, acrylates/Cio-Cso alkyl acrylate cross-polymers; antioxidant including but not limiting to tocopheryl acetate;
  • preservatives including but not limiting to phenoxyethanol, benzyl alcohol; other additives including but not limiting to dicaprylyl ether, disodium EDTA, sodium hydroxide, and lactic acid.
  • the cream can include purified water,
  • polyglycerylmethacrylate propylene glycol, petrolatum, dicaprylyl ether, PEG-5 glyceryl stearate.
  • the cream can include glycerol, light liquid paraffin, soft white paraffin, dimethicone, squalane, methyl hydroxybenzoate, dichlorobenzyl alcohol, or any combination thereof.
  • Ointments are semisolid preparations that include the active incorporated into a fatty, waxy, or synthetic base. Ointments are typically based on petrolatum or other petroleum derivatives. The specific ointment base to be used, as will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, is one that will provide for suitable drug delivery and other desired characteristics such as emolliency or the like. As with other carriers or vehicles, an ointment base is typically inert, stable, non-irritating and non- sensitizing. Ointment bases may be generally grouped in four classes: oleaginous bases; emulsifiable bases; emulsion bases; and water-soluble bases.
  • Oleaginous ointment bases can include, for example, vegetable oils, fats obtained from animals such as emu oil, and semisolid hydrocarbons obtained from petroleum.
  • Emulsifiable ointment bases also known as absorbent ointment bases, contain little or no water and can include, for example, hydroxystearin sulfate, anhydrous lanolin, and hydrophilic petrolatum.
  • Emulsion ointment bases are either water-in-oil (W/O) emulsions or oil-in-water O/W) emulsions, and the oil components can include, for example, cetyl alcohol, glyceryl monostearate, lanolin, and stearic acid.
  • Water-soluble ointment bases can be prepared from polyethylene glycols of varying molecular weight.
  • Lotions are liquid or semiliquid preparations in which solid particles, including the active agent(s), are present in a water or alcohol base. Lotions are usually suspensions of solids, and can include a liquid oily emulsion of the oiMn-watertype. Lotions are often desirable formulations because of the ease of applying a more fluid composition. It is generally advantageous for the insoluble matter in a lotion be finely divided. Lotions will typically contain suspending agents to produce better dispersions as well as compounds useful for localizing and holding the active agent in contact with the skin, e.g., methylcellulose, sodium carboxymethyl-cellulose, or the like.
  • Pastes are semisolid dosage forms in which the active agent is suspended in a suitable base. Depending on the nature of the base, pastes are divided between fatty pastes or those made from a single-phase aqueous gel.
  • the base in a fatty paste is generally petrolatum, hydrophilic petrolatum, or the like.
  • the pastes made from single-phase aqueous gels generally incorporate carboxymethylcellulose or the like as a base.
  • Foam preparations may be formulated to be delivered from a pressurized aerosol canister, via a suitable applicator, using inert propellents.
  • Suitable excipients for the formulation of the foam base include, but are not limited to, propylene glycol, emulsifying wax, cetyl alcohol, and glyceryl stearate.
  • Potential preservatives include methylparaben and propylparaben.
  • composition described herein may be formulated for any desired form of topical or transdermal administration, including slow or delayed release preparations.
  • Formulations may include known antioxidants (e.g., vitamin E); buffering agents; lubricants (e.g.. synthetic or natural beeswax); sunscreens (e.g., para- aminobenzoic acid); and cosmetic agents (e.g., coloring agents, fragrances, essential oils, moisturizers, or drying agents).
  • auxiliary agent such as casein, gelatin, albumin, or sodium alginate may also be included in various formulations.
  • Adjuvants such as fragrances and additional antimicrobial agents can be added to optimize the properties for a given use.
  • fragrances include Ylang-Ylang oil, lavender oil, powder scent, jasmine, gardenia oil, or green tea oil.
  • substances such as wetting or emulsifying agents.
  • stabilizing agents, or pH buffering agents may also be included. When a water-based carrier is used, the composition is typically near a neutral pH(+/- about 1 , or 2, pH units).
  • compositions can be used in combinations with the actives described herein in place of other actives.
  • compositions described above can be prepared using standard compounding techniques. For example, for a composition that includes nicardipine, verapamil, or a salt of an active, the active can be triturated to reduce particle size. A second active, such as SOD or INF can then be added with a small amount of carrier such as polysorbate 80 and/or ethoxy diglycol to wet the actives. This mixture can then be incorporated into a desired amount of emu oil using principles of geometric dilution until a smooth and uniform suspension is formed. This suspension can then be combined with other ingredients, such as a fragrance, to provide a therapeutic composition.
  • the active can be triturated to reduce particle size.
  • a second active such as SOD or INF can then be added with a small amount of carrier such as polysorbate 80 and/or ethoxy diglycol to wet the actives.
  • This mixture can then be incorporated into a desired amount of emu oil using principles of geometric dilution until a smooth and uniform suspension is
  • the suspension can also be combined with other ingredients to form a variety of formulations, such as a gel, a jelly, a cream, an ointment, a wax, a lotion, a paste, a foam, or an aerosol.
  • a gel, jelly, cream, ointment, wax, lotion, or paste can also be incorporated into a patch, such as an occlusive patch, to further improve transdermal penetration.
  • the composition comprises nanoparticles which may be composed of materials such as polymers, lipids (e.g., liposomes) or dendrimers, such as PAMAM, PEI, PPI, or polylysine containing dendrimers.
  • nanoparticles may be composed of materials such as polymers, lipids (e.g., liposomes) or dendrimers, such as PAMAM, PEI, PPI, or polylysine containing dendrimers.
  • the use of a nanoemulsion containing nanoparticles comprising one or more calcium channel blocking agents, one or more superoxide dismutases, or a combination thereof provides for different physical and chemical properties, for instance, nanoparticles may allow for deeper penetration into the skin, delivering treatment to more layers of skin and beyond.
  • the nanoparticles are coated with and/or embedded with (encapsulate) the composition.
  • the nanoparticles may be formed using techniques such as electrospraying.
  • the nanoparticles may be formed by grinding
  • the nanoparticles may be from about 1 nm to about 100 nm, about 100 nm to about 2,500 nm, or about 2,500 nm to about 10,000 nm in diameter.
  • nanoparticles may be formed of polymers or surfactants.
  • Polymers and surfactants include but are not limited to non-ionic surfactants, anionic surfactants, e.g .carboxylates such as alkyl carboxylates-fatty acid salts or carboxylate fluoro surfactants; sulfates such as alkyl sulfates (RCOO) (e.g..sodium lauryl sulfate) or alkyl ether sulfates (e.g..sodium laureth sulfate); sulfonates, e.g., d ocusates (e.g.,dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate) or alkyl benzene sulfonates; and phosphate esters such as alkyl aryl ether phosphates or alkyl ether phosphates; cationic surfactants including fatty amine salts and quaternary ammoniums; zitterionic surfactants such as those with a
  • the nanoparticles are formed of synthetic polymers including but not limited to poly-lactkte, e.g., methoxyPEG-polylactide, polyglycolide, polyacrylates, e.g., poly(alkylcyanoacrylate), or polycapronates.
  • the nanoparticles are formed of natural polymers including but not limited to albumin, gelatin, alginate, collagen, chitosan, dextran, or elastin.
  • the nanoparticles comprise degradable (aliphatic polyesters), and nondegradable (polyacrylates) polymers
  • the nanoparticles comprise synthetic polymers including but not limited to poly(DL-lactide co-glycolide) (PLGA), polycaprolactone (PCL), poly(lactic acid) (PLA), polyalkylcyanoacrylate, polyacrylic acid (PAA) and poly(methyl methacrylates).
  • PLGA poly(DL-lactide co-glycolide)
  • PCL polycaprolactone
  • PLA poly(lactic acid)
  • PAA polyalkylcyanoacrylate
  • PAA polyacrylic acid
  • poly(methyl methacrylates) poly(methyl methacrylates).
  • the nanoparticles do not include vinyl pyrrolidone, vinyl acetate or dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate.
  • the nanoparticles have a surface modification, for example, a surface modified with PEG, PVA, PEI, PVP, Au, Si02, chitosan or dextran.
  • Transdermal delivery can be carried out by methods known in the art or as described herein, including, for example, methods directed to 1) the use of chemical penetration enhancers or skin enhancers; 2) liposome-mediated delivery; 3) iontophoresis, also known as transdermal electromotive drug administration; 4) electroporation; 5) sonophoresis (ultrasound waves); 6) mechanical (e.g.,
  • Methods suitable for transdermal delivery of the agents described herein can include, for example, methods directed to enhancing the transport of material across the skin pores by increasing the rate of transport across existing pores or by amplifying the number of available skin pores through the creation of artificial pores.
  • Transdermal delivery can be carried out by the use of chemical or penetration enhancers, including for example, a pharmaceutically acceptable oil of vegetable, nut, synthetic or animal origin including emu oil, ethoxylated oil, PEG, linoleic acid, ethanol, methanol, and/or agents which delipidize the stratum comeum.
  • Suitable oils include meadowfoam oil, castor oil, jojoba oil, com oil, sunflower oil, sesame oil, and emu oil, all of which may be optionally ethoxylated. Examples include those oils and components described in U.S. Patent Nos.
  • transdermal patches can be used for the topical or transdermal delivery of a composition described herein.
  • a patch can also be adapted for delivery of dry or lyophilized forms of the compositions described herein, for example, using techniques as described in U.S. Patent No.
  • Transdermal delivery can also be carried out by liposome mediated delivery methods (e.g., delivery facilitated by application of lipophilic membrane compositions). Suitable examples may include those described in U.S. Patent Nos. 5,910,306 (Alving et al.); 5,718,914 (Foldvari); and 5,064,655 (Uster et al.). Transdermal delivery systems can also be employed in conjunction with a wide variety of iontophoresis or electrotransport systems. Illustrative electrotransport drug delivery systems that can be used in conjunction with the topical formulations herein are described by U.S. Patent Nos. 5,147,296 (Theeuwes et al.); 5,169,382 (Theeuwes et al.); and 5,169,383 (Gyory et al.).
  • one ultrasonic frequency can be applied to the skin, or two or more different ultrasonic frequencies can be applied to the skin (e.g., one low and one high ultrasonic frequency).
  • this technique can be used in combination with other techniques, such as prior to the topical application of a composition described herein, including the application of a transdermal patch. Iontophoresis or electroporation techniques that can be employed are further described in U.S. Patent Publication No. 2004/0210184 (Kost et al.).
  • Another transdermal drug delivery technique that can be used in conjunction with the compositions described herein includes employing a device to use air pressure to inject a small stream of the composition through the top layers of the skin without the aid of a needle.
  • the air pressure gun can be the same as or similar to the devise used to provide vaccines to children.
  • Small, disposable pen-like devices are also suitable, as for diabetics who take insulin daily.
  • compositions and formulations described herein typically contain at least 0.1% of an active agent.
  • the percentage of active(s) in the compositions and formulations can vary and may conveniently be about 0.2% to about 50%, about 0.5% to about 40%, about 1% to about 30%, about 2% to about 25%, or about 3% to about 20%, of the weight of a given unit dosage form.
  • the amount of active in such therapeutically useful compositions is such that an effective dosage level can be attained.
  • Useful dosages of the actives described herein can be determined by comparing their in vitro activity, and in vivo activity in animal models. Methods for the extrapolation of effective dosages in mice, and other animals, to humans are known to the art; for example, see U.S. Patent No. 4,938,949 (Borch et al.).
  • the amount of an active, or an active salt or derivative thereof, required for use in treatment will vary not only with the particular compound or salt selected but also with the route of administration, the nature of the condition being treated, and the age and condition of the patient, and will be ultimately at the discretion of an attendant physician or clinician.
  • a desired dose may conveniently be presented in a single dose or as divided doses administered at appropriate intervals, for example, as two, three, four or more sub- doses per day.
  • the sub-dose itself may be further divided, e.g., into a number of discrete loosely spaced administrations.
  • the formulations described herein can be dispensed, for example, from single- dose dispensers or multi-dose dispensers.
  • the dispenser can be, for example, a syringe, a tube, a pump, or any suitable applicator for dispensing the formulation.
  • the formulation will be provided in multi-dose dispensers, for example, that includes a supply sufficient to last one week, or one month.
  • the formulation can be provided in 1 mL or 10 mL syringes, optionally graduated at various volume measurements, such as 0.1 mL increments, or 1 mL increments.
  • Each syringe can be, for example, filled to the 1.0 mL mark or 10 mL mark.
  • one dose (approximately 40 mg) of nicardipine-containing formulation can be contained in 0.5 mL of the composition.
  • nicardipine-containing formulation e.g., a gel
  • Each syringe can be capped with a tip that can be removed and replaced, for example, by simply pushing or pulling with a twist.
  • the patient can be directed to apply 0.5 mL (40 mg) twice a day, for example, in the morning and in the evening.
  • one syringe can provide enough of a dose for one day.
  • the previous dose should be removed and the area cleaned and dried before a new dose is applied.
  • the patient can remove the cap and dispel 0.5 mL by pushing the plunger to the 0.5 mL mark as a first dose.
  • the second dose can result from emptying the syringe.
  • the patient can apply the medication by starting at the point where a plaque is concentrated or where a curvature begins.
  • the topical formulation can be spread until the entire penile shaft has been covered with the formulation.
  • the patient's progress should be evaluated every 2-6 weeks to assess the therapy. Application to the entire penile shaft can result in complete reversal of symptoms.
  • each patient's progress should be evaluated on a regular basis, such as at least about every two weeks. If no results occur by the end of the third week, the dose can be increased, the formulation applied more often than twice daily, or a combination thereof.
  • compositions that can be used for the effective treatment of, or mitigation of the symptoms of, connective tissue disorders, including Peyronie's disease, Dupuytren's hand contracture, or Ledderhose Fibrosis.
  • the specific active agent can be any one or more of the actives described herein, that can be effective for aiding treatment of connective tissue disorders.
  • the gelling agent can be replaced with a thickening agent, or a thickening agent can be added in addition to the gelling agent.
  • a fragrance can be included in any suitable amount (e.g., 0.01% by weight to about 3% by weight) or the fragrance can be omitted from the formulation.
  • the composition can be applied to the skin in any suitable dosing regimen, for example, as recommended by a clinician or medical practitioner.
  • One advantageous dosing schedule can involve applying the compositions twice daily (BID dosing).
  • the carrier when present, can be a suitable topical carrier such as mineral oil, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, or a combination thereof.
  • the active agent nicardipine can be replaced with a different calcium channel blocker described herein, or partially replaced with a second calcium channel blocker, for example, by up to about 50% of the amount indicated above.
  • compositions 1-15 are such compositions having nicardipine replaced by verapamil.
  • Other components may be added to the compositions, which can therefore vary the recited weight percents and ranges of components above, for example, by +/- 10%, 20%, or 30%.
  • a penetration enhancer can be added in an amount of about 1 wt.% to about 20 wt.%.
  • Example 2 Therapeutic Topical Formulations
  • compositions that can be used for the effective treatment of, or mitigation of the symptoms of, connective tissue disorders such as Peyronie's disease, Dupuytren's hand contracture, or Ledderhose Fibrosis.
  • the specific active agent can be any one or more of the actives described herein, that can be effective for aiding treatment of connective tissue disorders.
  • the gelling agent can be replaced with a thickening agent, or a thickening agent can be added in addition to the gelling agent.
  • a fragrance can be included in any suitable amount (e.g., 0.01 % by weight to about 3% by weight) or the fragrance can be omitted from the formulation.
  • the composition can be applied to the skin in any suitable dosing regimen, for example, as recommended by a clinician or medical practitioner.
  • One advantageous dosing schedule can involve applying the compositions twice daily (BID dosing).
  • the carrier when present, can be a suitable topical carrier such as mineral oil, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, or a combination thereof.
  • the active agent can be replace with a different interferon described herein, or partially replaced with a interferon, for example, by up to about 50% of the amount indicated above.
  • Other components may be added to the compositions, which can therefore vary the recited weight percents and ranges of components above, for example, by +/- 10%, 20%, or 30%.
  • a penetration enhancer can be added in an amount of about 1 wt.% to about 20 wt.%.
  • compositions that can be used for the effective treatment of, or mitigation of the symptoms of, connective tissue disorders such as Peyronie's disease, Dupuytren's hand contracture, or Ledderhose Fibrosis.
  • a specific active agent can be replaced by any one or more of the actives described herein, that can be effective for aiding treatment of connective tissue disorders.
  • the gelling agent can be replaced with a thickening agent, or a thickening agent can be added in addition to the gelling agent.
  • a fragrance can be included in any suitable amount (e.g., 0.01% by weight to about 3% by weight) or the fragrance can be omitted from the formulation, i.e., the specific active can be replaced with another active described herein.
  • the composition can be applied to the skin in any suitable dosing regimen recommended by a practitioner. For example, the compositions can be applied twice daily (BID dosing).
  • the carrier when present, can be a suitable topical carrier such as mineral oil, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, or a combination thereof.
  • suitable topical carrier such as mineral oil, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, or a combination thereof.
  • Specific examples of alternative Therapeutic Compositions 25-30 are such compositions having nicardipine replaced by verapamil.
  • Other components may be added to the compositions, which can therefore vary the recited weight percents and ranges of components above, for example, by +/- 10%, 20%, or 30%.
  • a penetration enhancer can be added in an amount of about 1 wt.% to about 20 wt.%.
  • the amount of gelling agent can vary, depending on the desired viscosity, e.g., 0.1%- 1.5%.
  • fragrance Only a trace amount of fragrance is needed, up to approximately 0.5%; add to desired detection level; e.g., 0.0001 % to about 0.5%.
  • Total dose can be for one of two treatments per day.
  • a nicardipine-based gel can include, for example, carriers such as emu oil, lecithin isopropyl myristate, and/or Pluronic F127 to form a gel. Methods for preparing various topical gel formulations can be carried out as described below.
  • a therapeutic formulation can include nicardipine and SOD as active agents, and a combination of one or more carriers such as emu oil, ethoxy diglycol, poloxamer 407 (Pluronic F127), lecithin, isopropyl myristate, potassium sorbate, sorbic acid powder, and water.
  • the one or more carriers can be used as a vehicle for the actives.
  • One vehicle can include the lecithin carrier vehicle of Table 4-1.
  • the lecithin and sorbic acid are placed in a container sufficient to hold 2 L of liquid.
  • Isopropyl myristate and optionally emu oil e.g., 100-900 mL
  • emu oil e.g. 100-900 mL
  • the mixture is then covered and allowed to sit at room temperature until a smooth viscous liquid is formed.
  • the viscous liquid is then stirred and transferred to an amber, light-resistant glass container.
  • Another carrier vehicle can include a poloxamer carrier of Table 4-2.
  • the poloxamer carrier can be used in combination with the lecithin carrier, or the carriers can be used separately as vehicles for the active agents.
  • the poloxamer 407 (Pluronic F127) and the potassium sorbate are placed in a 1 L container.
  • the water is poured over these reagents until the volume of the container is about 800 mL.
  • the contents are stirred until the dry reagents are dissolved or evenly dispersed, and the contents are refrigerated.
  • the mixture is allowed to stand until all reagents have dissolved in the water. Additional water sufficient to yield 800 mL can be added.
  • the mixture is stirred and transfer to a clean container.
  • This reagent is preferably stored in a refrigerator.
  • nicardipine Place 4.8 g of nicardipine in a 100 mL beaker. Add 7 mL ethoxy diglycol to the nicardipine and stir well.
  • the final mixture can have a pH of about 5.8-6.2.
  • a phosphate buffer solution can be used to adjust the pH of the formulation to the desired point.
  • topical medicaments useful for treating connective tissue disorders can be based on the preparation of the nicardipine gel described above.
  • a compounding pharmacist of skill in the art can readily prepare variations of the formulations described herein.
  • compositions 1-30 described above referred to below as 'Composition X 1 :
  • compositions may be prepared by conventional procedures well known in the pharmaceutical art. It will be appreciated that the above pharmaceutical compositions may be varied according to well-known pharmaceutical techniques to accommodate differing amounts and types of active ingredient 'Composition X'. Aerosol formulation (vi) may be used in conjunction with a standard, metered dose aerosol dispenser. Additionally, the specific ingredients and proportions are for illustrative purposes. Ingredients may be exchanged for suitable equivalents and proportions may be varied, according to the desired properties of the dosage form of interest.

Landscapes

  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Epidemiology (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Dermatology (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Gastroenterology & Hepatology (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Biophysics (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)
  • Medicines That Contain Protein Lipid Enzymes And Other Medicines (AREA)
  • Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne des compositions topiques et leurs utilisations pour le traitement de troubles fibreux ou du tissu conjonctif impliquant la formation de cicatrices, des accumulations de plaques sous-cutanées, ou une fibrose des tissus musculaires. Les troubles peuvent être traités sans douleur par l'application topique d'une composition telle que décrite dans la description. Un ou plusieurs agents bloquant les canaux calciques peuvent servir en tant qu'ingrédient actif des compositions en association avec de l'huile d'émeu et une superoxyde dismutase. La composition peut en outre comprendre des excipients pharmaceutiquement acceptables qui peuvent faciliter l'administration transdermique non effractive du/des agent(s) actif(s) au niveau de sites sous-cutanés.
PCT/US2016/068966 2015-12-28 2016-12-28 Formulations thérapeutiques topiques contenant un bloqueur des canaux calciques, une superoxyde dismutase et de l'huile d'émeu Ceased WO2017117268A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US14/981,167 US10471131B2 (en) 2012-01-19 2015-12-28 Topical therapeutic formulations
US14/981,167 2015-12-28

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2017117268A1 true WO2017117268A1 (fr) 2017-07-06

Family

ID=57882140

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US2016/068966 Ceased WO2017117268A1 (fr) 2015-12-28 2016-12-28 Formulations thérapeutiques topiques contenant un bloqueur des canaux calciques, une superoxyde dismutase et de l'huile d'émeu

Country Status (1)

Country Link
WO (1) WO2017117268A1 (fr)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2019207059A1 (fr) * 2018-04-25 2019-10-31 Ferring B.V. Composition pharmaceutique topique pour le traitement de fissures anales et d'hémorroïdes
US10471131B2 (en) 2012-01-19 2019-11-12 Hybrid Medical, Llc Topical therapeutic formulations
WO2021030343A1 (fr) * 2019-08-12 2021-02-18 American Regent, Inc. Compositions à base de 1,4 dihydropyridine, leurs procédés de fabrication et d'utilisation
WO2022100041A1 (fr) * 2020-11-16 2022-05-19 海南锦瑞制药有限公司 Composition de chlorhydrate de diltiazem et de prégabaline et procédé de préparation associé et application correspondante
US11622997B2 (en) 2012-01-19 2023-04-11 Hybrid Medical, Inc. Topical therapeutic formulations
CN118105317A (zh) * 2024-04-28 2024-05-31 广东粤港澳大湾区黄埔材料研究院 含鸸鹋油的祛疤组合物及其制备方法和应用

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5132119A (en) * 1989-07-31 1992-07-21 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Treatment of hypertrophic wound healing disorders with calcium channel blockers
US20040170675A1 (en) * 1998-08-03 2004-09-02 Easterling W. Jerry Noninvasive method for treating cellulite through transdermal delivery of calcium channel blocker agents and medicament for use in such method
WO2013110077A1 (fr) * 2012-01-19 2013-07-25 Hybrid Medical, Llc Préparations thérapeutiques topiques
US20150320816A1 (en) * 2014-05-06 2015-11-12 Trinity Pharma Group Compositions for promotion of wound healing and/or scar reduction

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5132119A (en) * 1989-07-31 1992-07-21 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Treatment of hypertrophic wound healing disorders with calcium channel blockers
US20040170675A1 (en) * 1998-08-03 2004-09-02 Easterling W. Jerry Noninvasive method for treating cellulite through transdermal delivery of calcium channel blocker agents and medicament for use in such method
WO2013110077A1 (fr) * 2012-01-19 2013-07-25 Hybrid Medical, Llc Préparations thérapeutiques topiques
US20150320816A1 (en) * 2014-05-06 2015-11-12 Trinity Pharma Group Compositions for promotion of wound healing and/or scar reduction

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
"Application of Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery", 25 July 2014, INTECH, ISBN: 978-953-51-1628-8, article OKORO UCHECHI ET AL: "Nanoparticles for Dermal and Transdermal Drug Delivery", XP055362281, DOI: 10.5772/58672 *
J TWIDWELL ET AL: "Topical treatment for acute phase Peyronie's disease utilizing a new gel, H-100: a randomized, prospective, placebo-controlled pilot study", INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMPOTENCE RESEARCH., vol. 28, no. 2, 24 December 2015 (2015-12-24), GB, pages 41 - 45, XP055362270, ISSN: 0955-9930, DOI: 10.1038/ijir.2015.22 *

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US12053508B2 (en) 2012-01-19 2024-08-06 Hybrid Medical, Llc Topical therapeutic formulations
US10471131B2 (en) 2012-01-19 2019-11-12 Hybrid Medical, Llc Topical therapeutic formulations
US11446363B2 (en) 2012-01-19 2022-09-20 Hybrid Medical, Inc. Topical therapeutic formulations
US11622997B2 (en) 2012-01-19 2023-04-11 Hybrid Medical, Inc. Topical therapeutic formulations
US12290552B2 (en) 2012-01-19 2025-05-06 Hybrid Medical, Inc. Topical therapeutic formulations
US11865207B2 (en) 2018-04-25 2024-01-09 Ferring B.V. Topical pharmaceutical composition for treatment of anal fissures and hemorrhoids
WO2019207059A1 (fr) * 2018-04-25 2019-10-31 Ferring B.V. Composition pharmaceutique topique pour le traitement de fissures anales et d'hémorroïdes
EP4403176A3 (fr) * 2018-04-25 2024-11-06 Ferring B.V. Composition pharmaceutique topique pour le traitement de fissures anales et d'hémorroïdes
WO2021030343A1 (fr) * 2019-08-12 2021-02-18 American Regent, Inc. Compositions à base de 1,4 dihydropyridine, leurs procédés de fabrication et d'utilisation
US11135208B2 (en) 2019-08-12 2021-10-05 American Regent, Inc. 1,4-dihydropyridine compositions, methods of making and use
US12440482B2 (en) 2019-08-12 2025-10-14 American Regent, Inc. 1,4-dihydropyridine compositions, methods of making and use
WO2022100041A1 (fr) * 2020-11-16 2022-05-19 海南锦瑞制药有限公司 Composition de chlorhydrate de diltiazem et de prégabaline et procédé de préparation associé et application correspondante
CN118105317A (zh) * 2024-04-28 2024-05-31 广东粤港澳大湾区黄埔材料研究院 含鸸鹋油的祛疤组合物及其制备方法和应用

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US12290552B2 (en) Topical therapeutic formulations
US12053508B2 (en) Topical therapeutic formulations
EP1450804B1 (fr) Formulations pharmaceutiques comprenant un modificateur de reponse immunitaire
US7906526B2 (en) Method of treating a dermal and/or mucosal associated condition
WO2017117268A1 (fr) Formulations thérapeutiques topiques contenant un bloqueur des canaux calciques, une superoxyde dismutase et de l'huile d'émeu
WO2015075640A1 (fr) Formulation(s) pharmaceutique(s) stable (s) d'antibiotiques de la famille des tétracyclines
JP2013544802A (ja) 炎症性疾患
JP2009149692A (ja) ゲル軟膏
TW202421100A (zh) 醫藥組合物用於製備治療和／或預防水腫性纖維硬化性脂膜病的藥物之用途
JP2020033311A (ja) 皮膚外用組成物
US20240335371A1 (en) Magnesium sulfate and forskolin for treatment of sexual disorders and benign prostatic hyperplasia
CN115279788A (zh) 用于治疗银屑病和其他疾病的外用环孢霉素

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application

Ref document number: 16829468

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1

NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: DE

122 Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase

Ref document number: 16829468

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1

122 Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase

Ref document number: 16829468

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1