WO2017108953A1 - Procédé et dispositif pour la fabrication d'une pièce composite permettant l'évacuation de gaz hors de la pièce composite - Google Patents
Procédé et dispositif pour la fabrication d'une pièce composite permettant l'évacuation de gaz hors de la pièce composite Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2017108953A1 WO2017108953A1 PCT/EP2016/082187 EP2016082187W WO2017108953A1 WO 2017108953 A1 WO2017108953 A1 WO 2017108953A1 EP 2016082187 W EP2016082187 W EP 2016082187W WO 2017108953 A1 WO2017108953 A1 WO 2017108953A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- zone
- composite
- pressure
- face
- bladder
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
- B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
- B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
- B29C70/40—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied
- B29C70/42—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
- B29C70/44—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles using isostatic pressure, e.g. pressure difference-moulding, vacuum bag-moulding, autoclave-moulding or expanding rubber-moulding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C33/00—Moulds or cores; Details thereof or accessories therefor
- B29C33/38—Moulds or cores; Details thereof or accessories therefor characterised by the material or the manufacturing process
- B29C33/40—Plastics, e.g. foam or rubber
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C33/00—Moulds or cores; Details thereof or accessories therefor
- B29C33/38—Moulds or cores; Details thereof or accessories therefor characterised by the material or the manufacturing process
- B29C33/40—Plastics, e.g. foam or rubber
- B29C33/405—Elastomers, e.g. rubber
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C37/00—Component parts, details, accessories or auxiliary operations, not covered by group B29C33/00 or B29C35/00
- B29C37/006—Degassing moulding material or draining off gas during moulding
- B29C37/0064—Degassing moulding material or draining off gas during moulding of reinforced material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C43/00—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor
- B29C43/32—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C43/36—Moulds for making articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
- B29C43/3642—Bags, bleeder sheets or cauls for isostatic pressing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
- B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
- B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
- B29C70/54—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations, e.g. feeding or storage of prepregs or SMC after impregnation or during ageing
- B29C70/544—Details of vacuum bags, e.g. materials or shape
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
- B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
- B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
- B29C70/54—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations, e.g. feeding or storage of prepregs or SMC after impregnation or during ageing
- B29C70/549—Details of caul plates, e.g. materials or shape
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C43/00—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor
- B29C43/32—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C43/36—Moulds for making articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
- B29C43/3642—Bags, bleeder sheets or cauls for isostatic pressing
- B29C2043/3649—Inflatable bladders using gas or fluid and related details
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for manufacturing a composite part and to a device for manufacturing such a part.
- Polymeric matrix composite materials are increasingly used in many technical and industrial fields, and particularly in the field of aeronautics since they have excellent mechanical properties for a limited mass. They can be used for the realization of tools as for the realization of structural parts.
- vents in known devices for manufacturing composite parts is very complex to model and to realize.
- the provision of many vents in the same room increases the tasks performed by the operators of the manufacture of a composite part and makes it more difficult to shape under pressure of the composite part.
- US 3,128,322 discloses a method of molding a composite part in which a flexible airbag is gradually brought into contact with the composite part to allow uniform distribution of the resin and to avoid air bubbles in the room .
- the air bag is first brought into contact with the top of a concave surface of a workpiece and progressively moved so that the area of the workpiece on which the pressure is applied extends gradually radially in all directions from the top of the composite part.
- EP 2 762 297 describes a process for manufacturing a composite part by injecting a resin under vacuum into a mold in which reinforcements in the form of fibers are predisposed.
- the method and the device for manufacturing such a part comprise a device for distributing the resin, placed under a vacuum sheet, formed of a layer of deformable material whose thickness varies with the advance of the injected resin front. , so as to lift the sheet empty and allow better circulation of the resin.
- EP 2 762 297 does not disclose the application of pressure to said manufactured composite part.
- the known methods do not sufficiently evacuate air bubbles that may be present in the composite part prepared.
- the use of a vacuum bag and / or vents arranged in different areas of the composite part does not ensure the evacuation of any gas bubble present in the material and which could create zones of heterogeneity and substantially reduce the mechanical properties of the composite part thus prepared.
- the invention aims to overcome these disadvantages. It aims in particular to provide a device and a method for the preparation of a composite part to overcome the problems associated with the presence of gas bubbles in the thickness of the materials forming the composite parts.
- the object of the invention is to propose a method and a device which are simple, reliable and without additional cost compared with known methods and devices.
- the invention also aims at providing a process whose implementation is fast, while being compatible with the curing times of the polymer matrices that can be used in the composite parts.
- the invention relates to a method for manufacturing a part, called composite part, formed of at least one composite material comprising at least one layer of a reinforcement structure impregnated with a polymer matrix in which extends the reinforcement structure, in which: a front part, said composite pre-part, of said composite part is prepared, said composite pre-part having at least one state, said uncured state, in which the polymer matrix is at least partially non-solidified,
- said pressure is exerted in the form of a pressure gradient (non-zero), said pressure being applied to said pressed face of said composite before-piece between at least a first zone, called maximum pressurization zone, of said pressed face; and at least one second zone, called the gas evacuation zone, of said pressed surface, said maximum pressurization zone being different from said gas evacuation zone and said pressure gradient being directed towards said maximum pressurization zone, so as to circulate any gas present within the composite part from said maximum pressurizing zone to said gas evacuation zone,
- said pressure gradient is applied using at least one member, called said pressurizing member, applied in contact with said maximum pressurization zone and said gas evacuation zone of said pressed face of said composite pre-piece.
- the invention extends to a device for manufacturing a composite part according to a method according to the invention.
- the invention therefore extends to a device for manufacturing a part, called composite part, formed of at least one composite material comprising at least one layer of a reinforcement structure impregnated with a matrix in which extends the reinforcing structure, said device comprising:
- a front-piece said composite front-piece, of said composite part, said composite front-piece having at least one state, said uncured state, in which the polymer matrix is at least partially non-solidified, said composite front-piece having at least one face, said pressed face, of said composite front-piece, on which a pressure is exerted,
- said pressurizing member being adapted to be able to exert said pressure in the form of a pressure gradient, said pressure being applied to said pressed face of said composite front-piece enters at least one first zone, called the maximum pressurization zone, of said pressed face, and at least one second zone, called gas evacuation zone, of said pressed face, said maximum pressurization zone being different.
- said pressurizing member being applied in contact with said maximum pressurizing zone and in contact with said gas evacuation zone of said pressed face of said composite front-piece and said pressure gradient being oriented towards said maximum pressurization zone, so as to circulate any gas present within the composite part from said zone of e maximum pressurization up to said gas evacuation zone.
- the pressure applied at the level of the maximum pressurization zone is therefore greater than the pressure applied at the gas evacuation zone.
- a method and a device according to the invention therefore make it possible to migrate the bubbles or gas pockets towards the outside of a composite front-piece so as to obtain, after the polymer matrix of said composite pre-piece has hardened, a composite part devoid of gas or whose gas content in the thickness of said composite pre-piece has at least been reduced with respect to the gas content in the initial pre-piece (before the application of a gradient pressure according to the invention).
- the gas evacuation zone of the room may for example correspond to an area of the pressed surface of composite front part-piece located at the edge of a edge of said composite front-piece or any zone of said front-piece.
- composite part facing which can be arranged a vent with a suction port for discharging gases from ⁇ composite before-piece (out of a vacuum bag in which would be arranged for example ⁇ composite before-piece when its shaping and curing step of the polymer matrix).
- non-solidified polymer matrix is understood to mean any polymeric material (or any material comprising at least one polymer) that is not completely polymerized (in particular in the case of a thermosetting polymer matrix) so that its final shape is not yet fixed and which is elastically deformable or, in the particular case of thermoplastic polymers, any thermoplastic material at a temperature greater than its glass transition temperature and / or its melting temperature (in the absence of application of constraint).
- said composite pre-piece is shaped prior to said curing step and / or during said step of curing the composite pre-piece polymer matrix.
- the shaping (for example by die casting) of the composite precursor can be carried out by applying a pressure of between 0.1 MPa and 3 MPa, and in particular between 0.2 MPa and 1.2 MPa.
- the composite pre-part can cure at room temperature (between 20 ° C and 25 ° C) or be subjected to heat treatment (heating).
- a heat treatment of said composite front piece is carried out.
- said heat treatment makes it possible to polymerize said polymer matrix in cases where a thermosetting matrix is used.
- a heater is used to cure the composite pre-part
- the application of the pressure can start before or simultaneously with the heating.
- the front piece and the other elements of the device according to the invention can be placed in an oven or heating may be provided by at least one element (eg mold) which is itself heating.
- the pressure gradient preferably retains the same sign and therefore does not change orientation between the gas evacuation zone and the maximum pressurization zone.
- the maximum pressurizing zone is the composite pre-chamber zone where the applied pressure is maximum and the gas evacuation zone is the composite pre-component zone where the pressure applied is minimal (while remaining above atmospheric pressure).
- the pressure can be continuous or discontinuous.
- the pressure gradient can be of any shape (linear, conical ). In the case of a pressure gradient whose pressure varies continuously, the pressure is also monotonous (increasing). In the case of a pressure gradient whose pressure varies discontinuously, the pressure may be constant in increments between at least two points and vary monotonically between at least two other points of said pressed face.
- the pressure applied by said pressurizing member on the maximum pressurization zone is greater than the pressure applied by said pressurizing member on the gas evacuation zone.
- a face called the pressurizing face
- said elastically deformable pressurizing member oriented towards the pressed face of said composite front piece and at a non-zero distance from the pressed face of the composite front piece
- a face, called said pressurized face, opposite said pressurizing face, of said pressurizing member is subjected to a pressure (in particular a gas pressure), called deformation pressure, adapted to elastically deform said pressurizing member, said pressure member pressurization, its arrangement with respect to the pressed face and said deformation pressure being chosen so that the pressurizing face of the pressurizing member is applied in contact with said pressed face of said composite pre-piece at least from the maximum pressurization zone to the gas discharge zone and applies said pressure gradient to the pressed face.
- the pressurized face is subjected to a deformation pressure adapted to cause a deformation of the pressurizing member for applying a pressure in the form of a pressure gradient on the composite front part.
- said pressurizing member prior to the application of said pressure gradient, said pressurizing member is disposed at a non-zero distance from the pressed face of the composite front part.
- said pressurizing member furthermore has an elastic deformation stiffness varying between a zone, called distal zone, of this pressurizing member coming, after application of said deformation pressure, to contact with said zone.
- rigidity is increasing from the distal zone to the border zone.
- the rigidity of the pressurizing member means the rigidity of the latter in its deformation modes opposing the application of the pressure exerted on said pressed face. More particularly, the rigidity corresponds for example or is a function of the modulus of elasticity in traction (and / or in compression) of a portion of said pressurizing member and the structural dimensions of the pressurizing member (thickness, thickness, ... ). Thus said pressure gradient is at least partly obtained by a gradient of said rigidity of the pressurizing member.
- the pressurizing member may have a variable thickness and / or modulus of elasticity.
- At least one pressurizing member having, before application of said pressure, deformation, a thickness varying between said distal zone and said border zone, the thickness of the edge region of said pressurizing member being greater than the thickness of the distal zone.
- said thickness of the pressurizing member is increasing from the distal zone to the border zone.
- At least one pressurizing member which has a modulus of elasticity at least in tension orthogonal to the direction extending between said distal zone and said border zone. , varying between said distal zone and said border zone, said modulus of elasticity of the border zone being greater than said modulus of elasticity of the distal zone.
- said modulus of elasticity of the pressurizing member increases from the distal zone to the border zone.
- the pressurizing member is arranged at a predetermined distance from the pressed face of the composite pre-piece, so that, under the effect of the pressure of deformation, the pressurizing member undergoes a relative elongation (AL / L) which varies between said distal zone and said border zone, the relative elongation (AL / L) facing the edge zone being greater than the relative elongation (AL / L) opposite the distal zone.
- said relative elongation (AL / L) of the pressurizing member is increased from the distal zone to the border zone.
- said pressure gradient is at least partly obtained by a relative elongation gradient (AL / L) of the pressurizing member under the effect of said deformation pressure.
- This relative elongation gradient (AL / L) of the pressurizing member can itself be obtained by a gradient of said distance separating the pressurizing member before application of the deformation pressure (the elongation AL being a function increasing this distance); and / or by a gradient of the initial dimensions L and / or shape of the pressurizing member (especially when the latter is symmetrical of revolution) before application of the deformation pressure; and / or by a gradient of the dimensions and / or shape of the pressed face of the front piece (in particular when the latter is symmetrical with revolution).
- the pressurizing member used to transmit and apply said pressure gradient to the pressed face of the composite front part may be in various forms. It may be a panel or plate having two parallel main faces, one of them being applied in contact with the pressed face of the composite front part-piece and the other of them being that on which is also applied pressure so as to be able to create said pressure gradient on the pressed face of the composite front part.
- a symmetrical pressurization member of revolution is used around an axis parallel to the orientation of said pressure gradient to be applied.
- an inflatable bladder in the manner of a balloon is used as a pressurizing member - in particular a symmetrical inflatable bladder of revolution around an axis parallel to the orientation of said pressure gradient to be applied to apply said pressure gradient to the pressed face of the composite precursor.
- At least one bladder suitable for, in an inflated state (corresponding to the inflation of the bladder by said deformation pressure), is used as a pressurizing member to be applied to the bladder.
- the bladder is inflatable and has at least one inflated condition used to apply said pressure to the pressed surface of the composite forepart, and at least one non-inflated state in which the bladder exerts no pressure on said pressed front face. composite part.
- the bladder Before inflation or partial inflation only, that is to say before application of said deformation pressure, the bladder is not in contact with the composite pre-piece (the bladder is separated from said non-zero distance of said pressed face).
- the bladder progressively comes into contact with the pressed face of the composite pre-piece, until it reaches an inflated state.
- a device according to the invention is also advantageously characterized in that said pressurizing member comprises at least one inflatable bladder having at least one face, called the pressurizing face, adapted to be disposed after inflation. of the bladder by a pressure, called the deformation pressure, in contact with the pressed face of said composite forepart, and at least one face, said pressurized face, opposite said pressurizing face.
- said bladder is formed of at least one material chosen from the group of elastomeric materials.
- Said bladder is formed of at least one elastomeric material selected from the group consisting of silicones, polybutadiene, polyisoprene, copolymers of styrene and butadiene, elastomeric polyurethanes (copolymers comprising polyurethane in particular), polychloroprenes (Neoprene®) fluoroelastomers, mixtures thereof and copolymers thereof.
- said pressure is applied to the pressed face using at least one bladder comprising:
- said internal cavity comprising at least one inlet for a fluid for swelling said bladder
- a bladder used in a device or a method according to the invention is therefore at least made of a flexible membrane which forms the bladder.
- any fluid especially any gas or liquid, can be used to inflate the bladder.
- a swelling gas can be chosen in the group consisting of air, oxygen and neutral gases.
- the internal cavity of said bladder is inflated with nitrogen gas (N 2 in the gaseous state).
- Several parameters related to the use of such a bladder can be varied in a desired manner to allow the application of a pressure gradient using said bladder.
- a / L relative elongation
- the distance separating the bladder and the composite forepart can also be referred to as "shrinkage", and refers to the distance that separates the bladder from the pressed face of the composite forelock when the bladder is partially inflated while being at a non-zero distance.
- the bladder is inflated with a bladder shaping pressure (lower than the bladder deformation pressure which corresponds to a state in which the bladder is in contact with the composite forepart).
- a bladder shaping pressure lower than the bladder deformation pressure which corresponds to a state in which the bladder is in contact with the composite forepart.
- the pressure exerted on the pressed face of the composite pre-piece is equal to the internal pressure of the bladder minus the bladder resistance resistance force per unit area, the bladder resistance resistance force being proportional to the bladder resistance force.
- the bladder swelling resistance force or stretching force compensates for overpressure.
- choose a bladder with a diameter less than one predetermined bladder makes it possible to increase AL / L and therefore also to reduce the pressure applied to the pressed face of the composite front part.
- a bladder having a diameter gradient and / or having a shape such that it allows, in the inflated state, to exert pressure in the form of a pressure gradient on the front ⁇ composite part, taking into account the shape and / or dimensions of the fore-piece itself which could also itself have a non-rectilinear pressed face (neither plane nor adjusted), itself causing a variation of the relative elongation.
- This is particularly the case with a rotary symmetrical pressed face of radial dimensions varying between said maximum pressurization zone and the gas evacuation zone.
- the bladder is placed in an inflated state at a pressure less than said deformation pressure at a predetermined non-zero distance from the pressed face of the composite front piece, said predetermined distance varying between said distal zone and said border zone, said predetermined distance opposite the edge zone being greater than the predetermined distance opposite the distal zone.
- said distance is increasing from the zone distal to the border zone.
- the bladder in a partially inflated state at a pressure, is placed lower than said deforming pressure, shaping the bladder, so that a predetermined non-zero distance separates said bladder from the pressed face of ⁇ before composite part and then to allow the application of a pressure gradient on said pressed face of the composite pre-piece in an inflated state of the bladder, at said pressure of deformation of the bladder (or at a higher pressure ).
- the bladder swelling has not yet started (and the bladder is in a fully flexible form) and when the bladder is partially inflated (i.e. forming the bladder less than said deformation pressure) and has a predetermined shape while still being able to be deformed (inflated), the bladder is not disposed in contact with the composite pre-piece.
- the pressure in the bladder is less than said bladder shaping pressure and when the pressure in the bladder is equal to said bladder shaping pressure, the bladder has no contact zone with said composite forepart.
- the bladder depending on its diameter in particular
- the distance to which it is placed de composite before-piece before application of said pressure of deformation of the bladder it is possible to vary the pressure thereafter ( after inflation at said deformation pressure) applied to the pressed face of the composite pre-piece and obtain said pressure gradient.
- Said distance to be provided between the bladder and composite before-piece before application of said deformation pressure can be determined by finite element calculations or experimentally, preferably so as to avoid the formation of pressure pockets within ⁇ before -pièce, to obtain said gradient of the relative elongation AL / L.
- said pressure gradient thus comprises at least one dynamic variation of pressure applied during swelling of the bladder (during the displacement of the flexible membrane of the bladder during the swelling of the bladder. ci) allowing the displacement and the evacuation of at least a part of the gas present within ⁇ composite front-piece.
- Such dynamic pressure variation also has the advantage of allowing air to be expelled between the composite forward part-piece and the bladder during swelling of the bladder and when the bladder sweeps the pressed face of the composite forward part-piece during this swelling.
- This dynamic pressure variation is preferably followed by maintaining said pressure gradient (static) once the bladder is inflated and the system comprising the forearm and the bladder being at equilibrium.
- a bladder whose flexible membrane has a variable thickness and / or a variable modulus of elasticity.
- a method and a device use is made of at least one flexible membrane having a thickness varying between said distal zone of said bladder and said border zone of said bladder, said thickness the edge region of the flexible membrane of the bladder being greater than said thickness of the distal zone of the flexible membrane of the bladder.
- each elastomer having a different modulus of elasticity.
- This modulus of elasticity can also be modified by using the same elastomer as a matrix and adding mineral or metal fillers in the form of fibers, particles (powders), threads ... or carbon fibers (or nano tubes or other forms).
- a device further comprises a pressurization support adapted to maintain said composite pre-piece in position relative to the pressurizing support and to the pressurizing member, in particular a bladder. the inflated state, when said pressurizing member is disposed in contact with said composite front piece.
- the pressurizing support may also constitute a mold for forming the composite pre-part.
- the composite pre-part is formed of at least one composite material comprising at least one layer of a reinforcing structure.
- the reinforcement structure is impregnated with a polymer matrix within which the reinforcement structure extends.
- the composite front part (and the final composite part obtained) can (/ can) be of any shape and any size.
- the composite forepart can therefore have a parallelepipedal, spherical, hemispherical, cylindrical or conical shape or any other irregular shape that could be manufactured.
- the composite forepart can also be at least partially hollow and have an internal space.
- the reinforcing structure can be any.
- said reinforcement structure is chosen from the group consisting of monofilaments, cables, bundles, fabrics, strips, sheets, mattresses and sheets.
- said reinforcing structure comprises at least one reinforcing layer and each reinforcing layer is chosen from the group consisting of plies of woven synthetic fibers, plies of non-woven synthetic fibers, mattresses and plies.
- said composite part is formed of folds, said pre-impregnated, woven reinforcements impregnated with polymer resin superimposed one above the other.
- said composite part may be prepared by manual impregnation (with a brush, etc.) of the reinforcing structure by a polymer resin.
- said polymer matrix is chosen from the group of thermosetting resins, thermoplastic resins and their mixtures.
- resin any composition at least partially liquid adapted to be cured (irreversibly or possibly reversible in the case of a thermoplastic resin).
- said polymer matrix of the composite front part is chosen from thermoplastic resins, thermosetting resins and their mixtures.
- Thermoplastic resins and thermosetting resins may comprise precursors of said thermoplastic polymers or precursors of said thermosetting or non-thermosetting polymers.
- precursors of thermoplastics or thermosetting is meant any monomer of at least one thermoplastic or thermosetting polymer accompanied optionally by any catalyst or hardener necessary for the polymerization or curing of the resin.
- thermoplastic resins and “thermosetting resins” is meant any composition comprising at least at least partially polymerized molecules of any thermoplastic or thermosetting material respectively.
- a thermoplastic resin or a thermosetting resin does not only refer to already fully polymerized compositions but also to compositions that may comprise monomer molecules (not polymerized).
- the pressure is applied in contact with the composite part during at least part of a polymerization step (and simultaneous shaping or no) of said thermoset resin sand.
- said composite forepart is hollow and has at least one internal space inside which the bladder is introduced. There is no need to use a pressurizing support, ⁇ composite before-piece itself acting as a pressurizing support.
- the invention also relates to a method and a device characterized in combination by all or some of the characteristics mentioned above or below.
- Other aims, features and advantages of the invention appear on reading the following description of one of its preferred embodiments given by way of non-limiting example, and which refers to the appended figures in which:
- FIG. 1 is a schematic view in longitudinal section of a device according to the invention comprising a pressurizing member
- FIG. 2a is a diagrammatic view in longitudinal section of a device according to the invention in which an inflatable bladder of variable thickness is used as a pressurizing member, said bladder being in a partially inflated state,
- FIG. 2b is a diagrammatic view in longitudinal section of a device according to the invention in which an inflatable bladder of variable thickness is used as a pressurizing member, said bladder being in an inflated state,
- FIG. 3a is a schematic view in longitudinal section of a device according to the invention in which an inflatable bladder of variable modulus of elasticity is used as a pressurizing member, said bladder being in a partially inflated state,
- FIG. 3b is a diagrammatic view in longitudinal section of a device according to the invention in which an inflatable bladder of variable modulus of elasticity is used as a pressurizing member, said bladder being in an inflated state,
- FIG. 4 is a schematic longitudinal sectional view of a device according to the invention comprising a pressurizing member.
- FIGS. 1 to 4 show different shaping and curing steps of the polymer resin forming the matrix impregnating a composite pre-piece reinforcing structure 1.
- FIGS. 1 to 4 show a composite front part 1 comprising several layers superimposed on each other, each layer of composite front part 1 being formed of a reinforcement structure impregnated with a matrix comprising at least one polymer resin .
- the composite front-piece 1 has a parallelepiped shape and comprises two main free faces including a face, said upper face 2, and a face, said lower face 3, opposite said upper face.
- the composite pre-part 1 also has a gas evacuation zone 4 comprising at least one edge of said composite pre-piece 1.
- the composite pre-part 1 is for example formed of an epoxy resin and of mats of carbon fibers superimposed on each other parallel to said pressed face. The pressure is exerted on the composite precursor in a direction normal to the longitudinal direction of said fiber mats.
- the device according to the invention shown in FIG. 1 comprises a composite pre-piece 1, a pressurizing member 8 and a pressurizing support 20 adapted to hold said composite pre-piece in position when pressure is applied to the front-end. composite part 1.
- the pressurizing member 8 has a pressurizing face 15, in contact with the pressed face 2 of said composite forepart, and a pressurized face 16, opposite said pressurizing face 15, the pressurizing member being elastically deformable.
- the pressurizing member 8 shown in Figure 1 is formed of the same material and has a paver shape whose thickness (the shortest distance between the pressurizing face 15 and the pressurized face 16) is constant.
- the pressurized face 16 is subjected to a constant pressure, such as a gas pressure, and said pressurizing member furthermore has an elastic deformation stiffness varying between said zone of maximum pressurization of said pressed face and said zone of pressure.
- evacuation of said pressed surface of the composite pre-part that is to say a stiffness gradient between said zone of maximum pressurization of said pressed face and said gas evacuation zone of said pressed face of the composite front-piece.
- this stiffness gradient is obtained by a modulus of elasticity gradient between said zone of maximum pressurization of said pressed face and said gas evacuation zone. of said pressed face of the composite front part.
- the pressurizing support 20 may also serve as a mold for giving the composite pre-piece 1 a desired shape.
- a The hardening stage of the composite polymer die 1 is then also a compression molding step.
- the pressurizing member 8 makes it possible to apply a pressure gradient illustrated by the arrows 5, 6 and 7 and thus to circulate and evacuate any gas present in the pre-piece 1 in the discharge direction 18.
- the pressure 5 is greater than the pressure 6, which itself is greater than the pressure applied to the zone 7 closest to the zone 4 for evacuating gases from the composite pre-piece 1.
- the device according to the invention comprises a composite pre-piece pressurizing device 1 consisting of an inflatable bladder 10 in the form of a balloon comprising a peripheral membrane of flexible material.
- the bladder 10 comprises an internal cavity 14 comprising a port 12 for entering a swelling gas from said bladder. Before swelling (step not shown), the bladder is in a flexible form in the manner of a more or less flexible fabric and the bladder does not have a predetermined shape.
- the bladder When the bladder is partially inflated (Figure 2a), the bladder is shaped (symmetrical of revolution about an axis passing through the orifice 12 and corresponding to the orientation of the pressure gradient to be applied to ⁇ composite before-piece 1) and is not in contact with the composite pre-piece 1 nor with a pressurizing support 20.
- the deformation pressure After an additional swelling up to a pressure, called the deformation pressure, as can be seen in FIG. 2b, the inflatable bladder has an outer pressurizing face 17, applied in contact with the pressed face 2 of the composite front piece 1, and an internal pressurized face delimiting the internal cavity, this pressurized face being opposite to said pressurization.
- the gas pressure inside the inflatable bladder on the pressurized side of the bladder is greater than the pressure around and outside the bladder (outside the cavity internal 14).
- the devices shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 also comprise the hollow pressurization support 20 adapted to hold said composite forepart in position when the bladder 10 compresses the composite forward part-piece 1, the bladder 10 and the composite forward part 1 being then disposed within said pressurizing support 20.
- the pressurizing support 20 used in the embodiments shown in FIGS. 2a to 3b is in the form of a generally parallelepipedal hollow mold, one of whose sides has an opening making it possible to provide a passage for the orifice 12 inflating gas inlet of said bladder, as well as vents 21 and 22 through which the gases discharged through the gas evacuation zone 4 of the composite pre-piece 1 can escape.
- the peripheral membrane of said bladder has a thickness gradient a, b, c (increasing thicknesses from a to c).
- the thickness varies continuously, increasing between an area, called distal zone 9 (close to the portion of thickness a of said bladder) and a zone, called the edge zone 13.
- the edge zone 13 is opposite the gas evacuation zone 4 of the pressed face 2 of the composite front part 1.
- the distal zone 9 is opposite the maximum pressurized zone of the pressed face 2.
- the thickness of the border zone 13 of the bladder 10 is greater than the thickness of the distal zone 9 of the bladder 10.
- a median zone 11 of the bladder having a thickness b located between the distal zone 9 and the edge zone 13 of the bladder 10 is therefore such that that a ⁇ b ⁇ c (the value of the thickness a is less than the value of the thickness b itself smaller than the value of the thickness c).
- pressure gradient can be constant (affine variation of pressure along the forepart) or not.
- the application of the pressure on the pressed face during inflation of the bladder comprises a first dynamic phase during the swelling of the bladder 10, the uninflated bladder not being initially in contact with the composite pre-piece 1 and progressively in contact with the composite pre-part 1 during its swelling, until reaching an inflated state, at least at the deformation pressure. Then, once the bladder is inflated and the equilibrium system, said pressure gradient is maintained in order to prolong and finalize the evacuation of the gases present within composite precursor 1.
- the dynamic variation of pressure which results from the exercise of a pressure gradient by the bladder, may be sufficient to evacuate gases and not require additional pressure maintenance.
- the application of the bladder 10 inflated so as to come into contact with said composite part by applying pressure on it allows the evacuation of the gases present within the thickness of the composite pre-piece 1 in the direction 18 the gas evacuation zone up to the gas evacuation zone 4 of the composite pre-piece 1.
- the application of the inflated bladder in contact with said composite part by applying a pressure on it also makes it possible to to control the geometry of the part and to control the rate of fibers in the part, the resin (liquid polymer matrix) can also be evacuated at the area 4 evacuation.
- the outer membrane of said bladder has a modulus of elasticity varying in different areas of the bladder membrane 10, that is to say say a modulus of elasticity gradient.
- an area, called distal zone 9, of said bladder 10 has a first modulus of elasticity E 1 .
- An area, called the median zone 11, of the bladder has a second modulus of elasticity E 2 , E 2 being greater than E 1 .
- a third zone, called the border zone 13 of the bladder has a modulus of elasticity E 3 , E 3 being greater than E 2 .
- the median zone 11 is thus disposed between the distal zone 9 and the border zone 13 of the bladder 9.
- the edge zone 13 is opposite an area of the composite front-piece which is closer to the zone 4 of the bladder. gas evacuation of the pressed face 2 of the composite front part 1 that the area of the pressed face of the composite front part 1 opposite which is disposed the distal zone.
- the distal zone 9 is opposite an area of the composite pre-piece closer to the maximum pressurized zone of the pressed face 2 than the area of the pressed face 2 of the composite front part 1 with respect to which is disposed the border zone 13.
- a discontinuous pressure gradient is applied to the pressed face 2 of ⁇ composite front part 1 for the circulation and evacuation of gases in the evacuation direction 18.
- Such a pressure gradient makes it possible to circulate the gases present within the thickness of the composite pre-piece 1 from the end of the composite pre-piece placed in contact with the distal zone 9 of the bladder towards the gas evacuation zone 4 of the composite front part 1.
- the application of the pressure according to this pressure gradient on said pressed face comprises a first dynamic phase during the swelling of the bladder 10. Then, once the bladder is inflated, from of the deformation pressure, the pressure gradient can be maintained or not.
- the internal pressure (strain pressure) inside the bladder is for example between 0.2 MPa and 1.2 MPa.
- the composite precursor can cure at room temperature (between 20 ° C and 25 ° C) or be subjected to heat treatment (heating) simultaneously with application of the pressure gradient.
- the composite front part, the bladder and the pressurizing support 20 may be placed in an oven or the heating may be provided by a pressurizing support which is itself heated, for example.
- the duration during which the gases are discharged from the composite before-piece may for example be between 30min and 45min.
- the device comprises a composite pre-piece 1, a pressurizing member 26 and a pressurizing support 27 adapted to maintain said counterpart in position composite device when a pressure is applied on the composite front part 1.
- This device is disposed in an autoclave (not shown) in which there is a pressure greater than the atmospheric pressure adapted to allow the creation of a pressure gradient through the contact of the pressurizing member 26 on the pressed face 2 of said composite pre-piece.
- the pressurizing member 26 has a pressurizing face 15 adapted to come into contact with the pressed face 2 of said composite forepart when the device is subjected to the pressure prevailing within the autoclave, and a pressurized face 16, opposite to said pressurizing face 15, the pressurizing member being elastically deformable.
- the pressurizing member 26 having a variable thickness, it makes it possible to apply a pressure gradient, while the pressure applied on its pressurized face 16 is constant and corresponds to the pressure prevailing within the autoclave. Screws and nuts 24, 25 make it possible to fix the pressurizing member 26 to the pressurizing support 27.
- a vent 23 formed in the thickness of the pressurizing support 27 makes it possible to connect the device to a suction source (empty) . This device makes it possible to circulate and evacuate any gas present in the pre-piece 1 in the evacuation directions 28 and 29, from the center of the composite front piece towards the ends 30 and 31 of the composite front-piece then each forming a gas evacuation zone.
- a device in another embodiment, it is possible to vary the relative elongation (AL / L) of the wall of the bladder (i.e. stretching of the bladder wall or surface stretching), in particular by varying the distance separating the bladder and the composite front part and / or the dimensions and / or the shape of the bladder, taking into account the shape and the dimensions of the composite front-piece.
- the distance separating the bladder and the composite forepart designates the distance that separates the bladder from the pressed face of the composite forepart when the bladder is in a partially inflated state, before inflation at the deformation pressure.
- the pressure exerted on the pressed face of the composite pre-part is equal to the internal pressure of the bladder minus the bladder resistance resistance force per unit area, the bladder resistance resistance force being proportional to the bladder.
- relative elongation (AL / L) of the bladder wall during swelling as well as the thickness and Young's modulus of the bladder It is also possible to vary the dimensions of the bladder, including the shape and size of the bladder, to also influence this withdrawal before swelling.
- a bladder formed of a rigid material in a direction (for example the axial direction (or longitudinal direction) which corresponds to the direction of the pressure gradient).
- a rigid material for example the axial direction (or longitudinal direction) which corresponds to the direction of the pressure gradient.
- carbon fibers, glass fibers or fibers known as Kevlar® are placed in the material forming the wall of the bladder in the axial direction.
- the rigidity will then vary in the circumferential direction of the bladder.
- the material forming the bladder can therefore be anisotropic.
- the bladder may comprise several internal cavities (for example three internal cavities), the pressure being different in each of said cavities so as to exert a pressure gradient. discontinuous on the pressed face of ⁇ composite front-piece.
- the invention can be the subject of many variants.
- the composite front piece may have any shape, for example disc, crown, band or be in the form of a tortuous piece ...
- one or more bladders can be used simultaneously to prepare the same composite part.
- each bladder may have in combination a discontinuous thickness and / or a modulus of elasticity discontinuous and / or several internal cavities.
- the peripheral membrane of the bladder used as a pressurizing member in a device or a method according to the invention may, for example, have five zones of different moduli of elasticity and each of these five zones may have a continuously varying thickness. .
- Such an embodiment has the advantage of making it possible to achieve a significant pressure gradient while exerting a pressure increasing as regularly as possible, without sudden increase in pressure between each zone having a different modulus of elasticity.
- each zone of the membrane of the same thickness and / or having the same modulus of elasticity may have variable dimensions (identical or different between them) depending on the pressure to be applied, the type of part, the materials forming ⁇ front-piece ...
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Casting Or Compression Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
- Apparatus Associated With Microorganisms And Enzymes (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201680082372.0A CN108698339B (zh) | 2015-12-24 | 2016-12-21 | 能够将气体排放出复合零件的制造复合零件的方法和装置 |
| US16/065,191 US10906254B2 (en) | 2015-12-24 | 2016-12-21 | Process and device for manufacturing a composite part enabling the evacuation of gas from the composite part |
| GB1811934.7A GB2564266B (en) | 2015-12-24 | 2016-12-21 | Process and device for manufacturing a composite part enabling the evacuation of gas from the composite part |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1563305A FR3046107B1 (fr) | 2015-12-24 | 2015-12-24 | Procede et dispositif pour la fabrication d'une piece composite permettant l'evacuation de gaz hors de la piece composite |
| FR1563305 | 2015-12-24 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2017108953A1 true WO2017108953A1 (fr) | 2017-06-29 |
Family
ID=55862921
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2016/082187 Ceased WO2017108953A1 (fr) | 2015-12-24 | 2016-12-21 | Procédé et dispositif pour la fabrication d'une pièce composite permettant l'évacuation de gaz hors de la pièce composite |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US10906254B2 (fr) |
| CN (1) | CN108698339B (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3046107B1 (fr) |
| GB (1) | GB2564266B (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2017108953A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US12054237B2 (en) * | 2020-03-06 | 2024-08-06 | The Boeing Company | Skinned cell structures and methods of producing the same |
| CN114274495A (zh) * | 2021-11-16 | 2022-04-05 | 江苏罗科雷森建筑材料科技有限公司 | 一种聚氨酯夹芯板加工用压制装置 |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3128322A (en) * | 1960-10-25 | 1964-04-07 | Hercules Powder Co Ltd | Method of molding |
| EP2762297A1 (fr) * | 2013-02-05 | 2014-08-06 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Support de distribution d'écoulement sensible à la pression pour VARTM |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5741450A (en) * | 1996-01-16 | 1998-04-21 | Hudson Products Corporation | Method of and apparatus for molding a hollow fan blade |
| US6071460A (en) * | 1997-08-15 | 2000-06-06 | Taylor Made Golf Company Inc. | Method of manufacturing a golf shaft of complex shape by internal bladder pressurization |
| US6939490B2 (en) * | 2002-12-11 | 2005-09-06 | Honeywell International Inc. | Process for unidirectional infiltration of preform with molten resin or pitch |
| JP2006131429A (ja) * | 2004-11-02 | 2006-05-25 | Towa Corp | 低密着性材料及び樹脂成形型 |
| EP3042747B1 (fr) * | 2015-01-12 | 2018-03-14 | Airbus Operations GmbH | Appareil de formage et procédé de formation d'un produit semi-fini comprenant des fibres de renforcement |
-
2015
- 2015-12-24 FR FR1563305A patent/FR3046107B1/fr active Active
-
2016
- 2016-12-21 CN CN201680082372.0A patent/CN108698339B/zh active Active
- 2016-12-21 WO PCT/EP2016/082187 patent/WO2017108953A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2016-12-21 GB GB1811934.7A patent/GB2564266B/en active Active
- 2016-12-21 US US16/065,191 patent/US10906254B2/en active Active
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3128322A (en) * | 1960-10-25 | 1964-04-07 | Hercules Powder Co Ltd | Method of molding |
| EP2762297A1 (fr) * | 2013-02-05 | 2014-08-06 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Support de distribution d'écoulement sensible à la pression pour VARTM |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20190283344A1 (en) | 2019-09-19 |
| GB201811934D0 (en) | 2018-09-05 |
| GB2564266A (en) | 2019-01-09 |
| US10906254B2 (en) | 2021-02-02 |
| FR3046107A1 (fr) | 2017-06-30 |
| CN108698339B (zh) | 2020-11-03 |
| FR3046107B1 (fr) | 2018-11-23 |
| CN108698339A (zh) | 2018-10-23 |
| GB2564266B (en) | 2021-08-25 |
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