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WO2017105545A1 - Mécanisme essentiel d'accès aux canaux dispositif à dispositif - Google Patents

Mécanisme essentiel d'accès aux canaux dispositif à dispositif Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017105545A1
WO2017105545A1 PCT/US2016/038948 US2016038948W WO2017105545A1 WO 2017105545 A1 WO2017105545 A1 WO 2017105545A1 US 2016038948 W US2016038948 W US 2016038948W WO 2017105545 A1 WO2017105545 A1 WO 2017105545A1
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Prior art keywords
reservation
contention
communication
resources
circuitry
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English (en)
Inventor
Dave A. CAVALCANTI
Satish Chandra Jha
Rath Vannithamby
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Intel Corp
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Intel Corp
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W74/00—Wireless channel access
    • H04W74/04—Scheduled access
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/003—Arrangements for allocating sub-channels of the transmission path
    • H04L5/0053—Allocation of signalling, i.e. of overhead other than pilot signals
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/003—Arrangements for allocating sub-channels of the transmission path
    • H04L5/0058—Allocation criteria
    • H04L5/0064—Rate requirement of the data, e.g. scalable bandwidth, data priority
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/0091—Signalling for the administration of the divided path, e.g. signalling of configuration information
    • H04L5/0094—Indication of how sub-channels of the path are allocated
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
    • H04W4/70—Services for machine-to-machine communication [M2M] or machine type communication [MTC]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/0001—Arrangements for dividing the transmission path
    • H04L5/0014—Three-dimensional division
    • H04L5/0023—Time-frequency-space
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/003—Arrangements for allocating sub-channels of the transmission path
    • H04L5/0032—Distributed allocation, i.e. involving a plurality of allocating devices, each making partial allocation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W74/00—Wireless channel access
    • H04W74/002—Transmission of channel access control information
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W74/00—Wireless channel access
    • H04W74/02—Hybrid access

Definitions

  • Embodiments pertain to wireless communications. Some embodiments relate to peer-to-peer communication, device-to-device communication, medium access protocol, mission critical communications, and radio access network layer 2 (RAN2) in fifth generation (5G) systems. Some embodiments relate to a peer-to-peer channel access mechanism for mission critical communications.
  • RAN2 radio access network layer 2
  • BACKGROUND [0003] Within a cellular network, short-range (e.g., within 100 meters) vehicle to X (e.g., vehicle, infrastructure, or pedestrian) communication may be desirable to communicate mission critical information, for example, if a driver loses control of a vehicle or a vehicle is about to run a red light. More broadly, peer-to-peer communication may be used for this purpose.
  • X e.g., vehicle, infrastructure, or pedestrian
  • FIGS. 1A-1B illustrate example use cases for vehicle to vehicle communication in accordance with some embodiments.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates an example transmission period in accordance with some embodiments.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates an example V2V communication system in accordance with some embodiments.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates an example reservation frame that may be used for mission critical device to device communications in accordance with some embodiments.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates an example time/frequency graph that includes guaranteed mission critical reservations, periodic data, and mission critical event data in accordance with some embodiments.
  • FIG. 6 illustrates an example frame structure for hybrid radio access with a reservation window defined in the time domain in accordance with some embodiments.
  • FIG. 7 illustrates an example frame structure for hybrid radio access with a reservation window defined using orthogonal frequencies in one slot in accordance with some embodiments.
  • FIG. 8 illustrates an example of mission critical event packet transmission opportunities within a reservation frame in accordance with some embodiments.
  • FIG. 9 illustrates an example reservation frame including a bitmap indicating claimed reservations in accordance with some embodiments.
  • FIG. 10 illustrates an example reservation frame where a base station assigns unclaimed reservations in accordance with some embodiments.
  • FIG. 11 illustrates an example reservation frame 1100 with periodic reservation opportunities in accordance with some embodiments.
  • FIG. 12 illustrates an example reservation frame and reservation window configuration in accordance with some embodiments.
  • FIG. 13 is a functional diagram of a wireless network in accordance with some embodiments.
  • FIG. 14 illustrates components of a communication device in accordance with some embodiments.
  • FIG. 15 illustrates a block diagram of a communication device in accordance with some embodiments.
  • FIG. 16 illustrates another block diagram of a communication device in accordance with some embodiments.
  • Fifth Generation (5G) networks may support, among other things, mission critical vehicular safety and remote control applications.
  • next generation connected and autonomous vehicles will require vehicle to X
  • V2X Vehicle, infrastructure, a pedestrian or any other type of device
  • FIGS. 1A-1B illustrate example use cases for vehicle to vehicle communication.
  • FIGS. 1A-1B illustrate two mission critical (MC) use cases where V2V communications can be used to improve safety.
  • MC mission critical
  • FIG. 1 A Vehicle B is failing to stop at a red light, and Vehicle A is to be informed accordingly.
  • FIG. IB the driver of Vehicle B lost control of the vehicle, and Vehicle A needs to be informed accordingly.
  • a mission critical event/situation e.g.
  • V2V use cases such as pre-crash warning/notification and mitigation may have extremely high reliability and very low latency (e.g., 1 ms) which are not achievable with existing communication technologies, such as Dedicated Short Range Communications (DSRC).
  • DSRC which is based on 802. l ip radios and uses a contention-based medium access protocol, has reliability issues, especially in dense scenarios, and has not been widely deployed despite the availability of standards and dedicated spectrum.
  • 5G are being considered as an alternative to DSRC/802.1 lp given their large scale coverage and efficient spectrum utilization.
  • 4G Fourth Generation
  • LTE- A LTE may be enhanced to support V2X safety applications based on its device to device (D2D) communication functionality, also known as ProSe (Proximity Services).
  • D2D device to device
  • ProSe Proximity Services
  • Non-deterministic quality of service (QoS) for MC traffic within contention-based D2D resource pools is discussed below.
  • the LTE ProSe functionality may be used for V2V communications.
  • Two radio access modes are defined in the current LTE Release (Rel.) 12 ProSe specification, namely, scheduled (evolved NodeB (eNB) controlled or mode 1) and autonomous (mode 2).
  • the scheduled mode assumes the eNB grants dedicated resources to the user equipment (UE), which can be used for direct communication.
  • UE user equipment
  • the scheduled mode may provide reliable access, the overhead required to track and schedule each individual V2V link within a cell is high. Scheduling V2V links is more challenging due to the lack of link quality information at the eNB.
  • the control overhead required to provide such information might be high, especially in high mobility scenarios, which is a typical case in V2V communications. Interference management between highly mobile V2V links is another problem for centralized scheduling.
  • a resource pool assigned by the eNB, is reserved (signaled by the eNB) for direct communication between UEs using contention based access.
  • Control and data resources are defined within the pool, which are repeated periodically as illustrated in FIG. 2.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates a transmission period 200 that includes a control pool 210 and a data pool 220.
  • resource pools are separated (using part of the uplink (UL) frequencies, in frequency division duplex (FDD) systems) from the regular LTE communication resources.
  • UEs indicate their selected resources in the control channel. Both control and data packets are sent in several physical (PHY) transmissions (using a pre-defined frequency hopping pattern).
  • PHY physical
  • the autonomous mode is simpler to implement, as UEs can individually decide which resources to use for transmission. This mode enables outside coverage operation in case a resource pool is pre-configured. However, UEs may select the same resources, which may lead to collisions. Therefore, existing autonomous resource allocation and access mode in LTE might not meet MC reliability and latency requirements.
  • Contention-based access is also used in existing 802.1 lp/DSRC V2X solutions. It is also known that performance of carrier sense multiple access (CSMA) based 802. l ip access is highly dependent on the traffic load, which might be high in dense urban scenarios. Even priority schemes, such as the different access categories in 802.1 le, might not guarantee the deterministic QoS needed for MC traffic.
  • CSMA carrier sense multiple access
  • 802.11p/DSRC 802.11p/DSRC is either contention-based or scheduled, independent of the type of traffic and QoS requirements. Even though LTE V2X supports two access modes, only one of them can be used at a given time within a resource pool.
  • Deterministic QoS for MC V2V traffic through reservation based access while supporting non-MC traffic with reasonable complexity, low overhead, and in distributed mode may be useful.
  • a new flexible radio access protocol is useful to enable efficient access to both MC and non-MC traffic, as well as continuous service outside network coverage and/or using shared spectrum. Given the fundamental limits on available/usable spectrum, it may be desirable for future communication systems to use the spectrum efficiently while accommodating heterogeneous traffic requirements.
  • the subject technology provides a new hybrid medium access control protocol for P2P (e.g., V2V) communications supporting both guaranteed reservation for low-latency high reliability, and priority based contention access in the same system.
  • P2P e.g., V2V
  • FIG. 3 illustrates an example V2V communication system 300 that includes vehicles 305A, 305B, and 305B in a V2V group 310 that has access to a base station (BS) 315.
  • the vehicles lack network access.
  • vehicles approaching an intersection or moving along a highway are one target of MC safety messages generated in the area.
  • it is assumed that a group of nearby vehicles that need to communicate will remain stable for a few seconds.
  • the worst case scenario could be vehicles moving in opposite directions in a highway at high speeds (e.g.
  • group membership e.g., membership in the V2V group 310 or another V2V or D2D group
  • the network e.g., by a base station or eNB, such as BS 315).
  • aspects of the subject technology are directed to a new hybrid access protocol that enables UEs to use different access protocols depending on the packet QoS classes within the same resource pool.
  • UEs reserve resources (for MC D2D or V2V traffic) as well as use contention-based transmissions (for non-MC data) within a resource pool shared by a group of UEs (e.g., V2V group 310 of FIG. 3).
  • the access protocol operates in D2D/ distributed mode and can be used inside and outside network coverage once resource pools are configured by the network.
  • the radio access procedure is based on the packet's MC quality of service (QoS) class, which is configured by a convergence layer that provides an interface between the applications (Including Internet Protocol (IP) and non- IP applications) and the radio access layer protocols. Access methods that may be used with the subject technology are described below.
  • QoS quality of service
  • FIG. 4 illustrates a reservation frame 400 that may be used for
  • the reservation frame 400 includes a reservation window 410, which includes multiple slots 405A, 405B, and 405C - one slot for each UE in the group.
  • the reservation corresponding to slot 405 A is transmitted in block 415A, which includes MC data, retransmission information, and acknowledgement (ACK) information.
  • ACK acknowledgement
  • a new reservation frame similar to the reservation frame 400 follows the reservation frame 400 in the time axis.
  • the guaranteed reservation mode is used for data in the MC Event (MCE) QoS class, which have the highest priority in the system.
  • a periodic reservation frame includes the Reservation Window (RW) 410 at the beginning, followed by data resources (e.g., block 415A).
  • RW Reservation Window
  • the reservation requests are sent in a periodic contention-free reservation window (RW 410) which is monitored by all UEs in the group in order determine reserved resources, resources they need to receive MCE data and resources that are not claimed.
  • the un-claimed resources may be accessed in contention-based mode.
  • Priority based access may be defined for various traffic types for unclaimed resources.
  • the periodic reservation frame size has to be configured accordingly. For instance, a frame size of 0.1 ms or 0.2 ms may be needed to ensure less than 0.5 ms latency.
  • the configuration of the RW 410 is also important to reduce latency. Time-domain orthogonality may be used for small groups as shown in FIG. 4, but a more efficient mode may be used for larger groups, where multiple reservations are sent in different frequency/codes in a time slot 405 A, 405B, or 405C.
  • the RW configuration may be managed by the network. RW configuration options are described below.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates a time/frequency graph 500 that includes guaranteed MC reservations 505, periodic data 510, and MCE data 515.
  • a reservation frame 520 is illustrated.
  • the periodic reservation interval 525 is five reservation frames.
  • the periodic reservation interval may have a different length.
  • the periodic reservation mode may be used for periodic sensing
  • PS PS
  • DI D2D discovery
  • UEs may use this mode to send their safety beacons (300 bytes sent every 100 ms).
  • a UE may request a number of resources distributed across several reservation frames with granularity of no more than one resource per periodic reservation interval.
  • periodic reservations do not need to be requested in every reservation frame.
  • the periodic reservation interval may be set to lower granularity, such as several (e.g., five) reservation frames as illustrated in FIG. 5.
  • guaranteed and periodic reservations may use different frequency resources.
  • UEs may be equipped with multiple transceivers to access different frequency bands simultaneously.
  • Priority based contention-access is a contention-based asynchronous mode that may be used for any type of traffic.
  • the UE listens to the channel (i.e., performs energy detection) in non-reserved resources (see FIG. 4) and transmits if the channel is free for a certain amount of time (similar to the arbitration inter-frame spacing (AIFS) concept in 802. l ie).
  • AIFS arbitration inter-frame spacing
  • the AIFS is defined based on the QoS classes.
  • UEs listen to the channel during non-scheduled resources and determine the length and target destination from the packet header.
  • MC UEs announce their reservation requests in a periodic contention-free reservation window. All UEs in the group monitor the reservation window to determined resources that have been claimed by other UEs. UEs can use listen before talk (LBT) to transmit in case resources have not been reserved.
  • LBT listen before talk
  • the reservation window can also be used to discover other UEs and enable UEs to join the group.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates the basic concept of the proposed reservation-based guaranteed access method. The mechanism can also be used with other methods of defining contention-free resources (e.g., combination of time, frequency, and code). More details are provided below.
  • aspects of the subject technology relate to a frame structure where resources are defined in frequency and time domain as illustrated in FIG. 6.
  • the same frame may carry multiple data from multiple QoS classes (MCE data, periodic resource (PR) data, and non-MC data).
  • MCE data multiple QoS classes
  • PR periodic resource
  • non-MC data non-MC data
  • FIG. 6 illustrates an example frame structure for hybrid radio access with a reservation window (RW) defined in the time domain.
  • FIG. 6 shows a reservation frame 600.
  • the reservation frame 600 includes a reservation window 610 with multiple slots 615.
  • the reservation frame 600 includes blocks (defined on the time vs. frequency graph) for MCE data 620, non-MC data 630, and PR data 640.
  • FIG. 7 illustrates an example frame structure for hybrid radio access with a reservation window (RW) defined using orthogonal frequencies in one slot.
  • FIG. 7 shows a reservation frame 700.
  • the single-slot RW 710 is divided into blocks 715 in the frequency domain for reserving MCE data blocks 720.
  • the reservation frame 700 also includes blocks, defined in the time and frequency domains, for non-MC data 730 and PR data 740.
  • the UEs in the group are all time synchronized. This can be achieved with assistance of the network or via an external source, for example, a global positioning system (GPS).
  • GPS global positioning system
  • the reservation frame 600 includes N slots and F sub-channels, where the 1 slot x 1 sub-channel is the smallest resource allocation unit that can be reserved or allocated.
  • the first W slots 615 within the reservation frame 610 are used for the contention-free RW 610.
  • the RW 610 may be configured with orthogonal resources in time (the slots 610 of FIG. 6) or in the frequency (or code) domain (multiple frequencies of the blocks 715 in the RW 710 of FIG. 7).
  • UEs are able to receive and decode a message within a slot time. UEs are also able to prepare a short reservation request message for the next slot (as discussed in conjunction with the guaranteed reservation details below).
  • the slot time may include the transmission/ reception times as well as processing/ preparation overheads.
  • a RW configuration where multiple resources in the same slot (e.g., blocks 715 in the single-slot RW 710) are used by different MC UEs may be used.
  • UEs may be able to transmit and receive simultaneously.
  • the amount of resources for one MCE packet transmission opportunity is defined within the reservation frame. For instance, in the example of FIG. 6, 12 resource blocks are occupied per MCE packet 620 transmission (two slots across all channels).
  • FIG. 8 illustrates an example of MCE packet transmission opportunities within a reservation frame.
  • FIG. 8 illustrates a reservation frame 800 that includes an RW 810 with multiple slots 815.
  • the reservation frame 800 includes an MCE transmission opportunities region 830, defines in the time axis.
  • MCE data blocks 820 reside within the MCE transmission opportunities region 830.
  • a maximum number of MCE packet transmission opportunities may be allocated within the reservation frame 800.
  • a total of 12 MCE packets can be transmitted in the example shown in Figure 8.
  • Different resource allocation patterns may be used, but the amount and location of the resources is defined and communicated to all MC UEs.
  • the specific allocation of resources is configured by the network (e.g., by an eNB or BS) and, in some cases, depends on the capabilities of the UEs and system requirements, such as expected packet sizes, group sizes and latency requirements.
  • the first MCE transmission opportunity starts at slot W+2, where W is the number of slots in the RW.
  • W is the number of slots in the RW.
  • the W+l slot cannot be reserved as it is left unallocated to enable new UEs to join the group and send a request quickly, as described in more details below.
  • each MC UE In making reservation requests in the RW, each MC UE is assigned a contention-free resource (e.g. one slot) within the RW to send a reservation request for one MCE transmission within the frame. Each UE sends only one reservation request within the RW.
  • a contention-free resource e.g. one slot
  • reservation requests are orthogonal in time and sent across all frequencies.
  • the UE when sending a reservation request, the UE ensures it avoids MCE transmission opportunities already reserved by other UEs. In other words, UEs must decode every reservation request before their assigned reservation slot within a RW.
  • Table 1 Example of Reservation Request Message.
  • the actual location of the resources may be different.
  • the number to resource location mapping can be configured by the network and communicated to UEs during registration.
  • PRframe offset Used to indicate the number of frames offset with respect to the current frame within which the reservation is requested. This is used for periodic reservations which may be requested for future frames.
  • Target UEID 8 Address of the destination UE, sub-group or broadcast. This field may be omitted if all MC communications are transmitted as broadcast within the group.
  • a different RW configuration may be used where reservation resources per UE are orthogonal in frequency (or code) as shown in FIG. 7. In this case, collisions cannot be avoided by sequentially decoding and reserving the resources as multiple UEs must transmit their requests simultaneously.
  • a fixed mapping between the reservation slot and the location of MCE transmission opportunity should be defined.
  • a single bit may be used to replace the TONumber in the request to indicate whether the UE will be using the reservation in the current frame.
  • FIG. 9 illustrates an example reservation frame 900 including a bitmap 920 indicating claimed reservations.
  • the reservation frame 900 includes a reservation window 910 divided into blocks 915 for reservation requests.
  • the reservation frame 900 also includes blocks, defined on the time and frequency graph, for MCE data 930, non-MC data 940 and PR data 950.
  • the BS receives the reservation requests and transmits a confirmation of the claimed reservations to all UEs within the group.
  • the BS sends the bitmap 920 indicating which transmission opportunities have been claimed for the current reservation frame.
  • the bitmap 920 may be sent in a resource within the RW 910. For instance, the last slot of the RW 910 could be reserved for the BS to send a confirmation of all reservations. In this way, the RW 910 is extended to include UE's reservation requests plus one final confirmation from the BS.
  • the BS may use another available channel (e.g. downlink or broadcast control channels), if it is able to meet timing alignment and latency requirements before the start of the data part of the reservation frame 900.
  • unclaimed reservations may be re-used.
  • UEs transmit requests with a null reservation even when they do not have a MCE packet to send, such that the other UEs know when the MCE transmission opportunities are used or when they are not claimed. If MCE transmission opportunities are not claimed, they may be used by any other UE using the contention-based mode.
  • the RW can also be used to discover and track other UEs in the group.
  • the reservation request can be used as a very small periodic beacon (or hello message) to help UEs track each other.
  • requests may not be able to carry application data payloads required by D2D discovery traffic.
  • the D2D discovery payloads e.g. Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) J2735 Basic Safety Messages
  • SAE Society of Automotive Engineers
  • FIG. 10 illustrates an example reservation frame 1000 where a base station assigns unclaimed reservations in accordance with some embodiments.
  • the reservation frame 1000 includes a RW 1010, reservation blocks 1015, a base station block 1020, MCE data blocks 1030, non- MC data blocks 1040, and PR data blocks 1050 defined on the time and frequency axes.
  • the network i.e. BS
  • the network may receive the reservation requests from UEs, detect un-claimed MC reservations and assign the un-reserved resources by transmitting assignments at the end of the RW 1010 (in BS block 1020) as shown in FIG. 10. This method may be used while the group is within coverage to improve resource utilization efficiency.
  • the eNB or BS may assign a reservation resource (slot) to each
  • MC UE when the MC UE joins the group, if the group is operating within network coverage.
  • a UE may j oin an existing group that is outside a coverage area. If the group is operating autonomously outside network coverage and a new UE wants to join the group, it may use the slot after the RW (W+l) and the last slot in the reservation frame (N) to send a request to join the group.
  • W+l the last slot in the reservation frame
  • N the reservation frame
  • a UE operating as cluster head monitors these slots and respond to confirm/ deny the requests as well as assign an identifier for the UE within the group. The response is transmitted using the contention-based access mode.
  • the group joining request may also include a MCE reservation request in case the UE has already the resource configuration parameters necessary to format the request and it is sent in the W+l slot. However, the joining/ requesting UE may wait for a confirmation from another UE before proceeding with its requested MCE transmission. The confirmation may be transmitted during unreserved MCE transmission opportunities. Therefore, the joining UE is only able to request MCE transmission opportunities towards the end of the frame in order to leave enough time for receiving an acknowledgment/ confirmation from a cluster head before the requested slots.
  • a MC UE may also use the slots W+l and N to acquire a RW slot, in case it has not been assigned a slot by the eNB, but it has valid system configuration parameters and is time synchronized.
  • aspects of the subject technology may implement collision resolution during joining slots when outside of the coverage area. Multiple UEs may access the joining slots simultaneously leading to collisions. Collisions can be handled similarly as other random access procedures where UEs use contention-free access codes to transmit in the same resource. Since joining messages do not carry guaranteed reservation requests (as they must be confirmed by another UE/ cluster head), collisions in the joining slots do not interfere with guaranteed reservation with the frame.
  • PR periodic reservation
  • MC UEs with periodic sensing (PS) and/or D2D discovery (DI) traffic may also send Periodic Reservation (PR) requests during reservation slots, if there is no urgent MCE traffic.
  • PR Periodic Reservation
  • FIG. 11 illustrates an example reservation frame 1100 with periodic reservation opportunities.
  • the reservation frame 1100 includes a RW 1110 with multiple slots 1115.
  • the reservation frame 1100 also includes PR data blocks 1120 defined in the time vs. frequency graph.
  • FIG. 11 shows an example of PR transmission opportunities 1120 at the end of the reservation frame 1100.
  • a period reservation may be preempted by a guaranteed reservation.
  • the UE detects a guaranteed reservation overlapping its own periodic reservation resources, the UE does not transmit and gives the priority to the MCE packet transmission.
  • PR periodic reservations
  • V2X safety beacons e.g. 100 msec
  • PR transmission opportunity may also be reserved several frames in advance (see FIG. 5) by using the PRframe offset parameter in the request (see Table 1).
  • the UE may use the slot to send a PR reservation whenever there is no MCE traffic for that frame.
  • the UE does not send the PR request in every reservation frame if the UE is not expected to generate MCE packets.
  • a UE may operate as a sensor, which only sends data to a controller.
  • reservation requests may be sent at a larger interval, defined as the Periodic Reservation Interval, which may be set to several frames.
  • UEs acquire a RW slot before every PR request transmission. This can be done using the eNB (within coverage) or the joining slots in outside coverage with a confirmation from another UE/ cluster head as described above. [0073]
  • new UEs monitor the reservation window for at least the Periodic Reservation Interval before sending their request for this type of reservation.
  • Some aspects provide contention-based best effort access.
  • Resources that have not be reserved within the frame can be used for Best Effort (BE) traffic in contention-based mode.
  • BE Best Effort
  • UEs In order to identify which resources are available, UEs must decode all reservations requests in the RW for a given frame. In addition, a listen before talk mechanism is used to access the available (unclaimed) resources.
  • the UE performs energy detection in slot (or sub-slot, depending on the slot size) intervals before accessing the contention-based resources, which must be well defined within the frame.
  • slot or sub-slot, depending on the slot size
  • one slot across all channels defines the minimal contention-based resource. Multiple slots could be combined to transmit non-MC data traffic.
  • a maximum contention-based transmission opportunity (Max CB TX) should be defined in order to prevent BE traffic from overloading the channel. In this way, large packets could be segmented and transmitted in unclaimed resources, while MC UEs would still have the opportunity to acquire the channel in contention based mode for higher priority MCE data packets.
  • the contention-based mode would operate similar to an 802.11 network.
  • UEs In order to enable communication in this mode, UEs shall listen in each slot (or sub-slot) and decode oncoming physical (PHY) packets, detect the destination address in the header and decide if it has to send the packet to the higher layer (in case the packet is directed to the UE or it is a broadcast).
  • PHY decode oncoming physical
  • the UE may apply Arbitration Inter-frame Spacing (AIFS) access parameters based on the QoS class before transmitting.
  • AIFS Arbitration Inter-frame Spacing
  • the MCE traffic has the highest priority, followed by PS/DI and Best Effort (BE) traffic.
  • BE Best Effort
  • Exponential backoff mechanism may also be used to avoid collisions when the medium is detected busy. This flexible design also helps the MCE packets that arrive at the MAC layer after the RW to be transmitted in the same frame using contention mode with higher priority.
  • FIG. 12 illustrates an example reservation frame and reservation window configuration.
  • FIG. 12 illustrates a reservation frame 1200 that includes the reservation window 1210.
  • the reservation window hosts multiple (e.g., 18) MCE reservations 1215, defined along the time and frequency axes.
  • Each MCE reservation corresponds to a slot, such as the slot 1225, in the MCE transmission opportunities 1220.
  • FIG. 12 illustrates one example of system configuration that could support up to 18 simultaneous MCE data transmissions in a 0.25 ms frame. As described earlier, different configurations may be used depending on the requirements, spectrum resources available and UE capabilities.
  • D2D communication may refer to sidelink communication, and a D2D channel may be a sidelink channel.
  • D2D and sidelink each encompass their plain and ordinary meaning and may be used interchangeably.
  • FIG. 13 shows an example of a portion of an end-to-end network architecture of a Long Term Evolution (LTE) network 1300 with various components of the network in accordance with some embodiments.
  • LTE Long Term Evolution
  • an LTE network refers to both LTE and LTE Advanced (LTE- A) networks as well as other versions of LTE networks to be developed.
  • the network 1300 may comprise a radio access network (RAN) (e.g., as depicted, the E-UTRAN or evolved universal terrestrial radio access network) 1301 and core network 1320 (e.g., shown as an evolved packet core (EPC)) coupled together through an S I interface 1315.
  • RAN radio access network
  • core network 1320 e.g., shown as an evolved packet core (EPC)
  • the network 1300 includes the UE 1302, which is configured to implement the techniques described in conjunction with Example 1, below.
  • the network 1300 includes the eNBs 1304, which are configured to implement the techniques described in conjunction with Example 13, below.
  • the core network 1320 may include a mobility management entity (MME) 1322, serving gateway (serving GW) 1324, and packet data network gateway (PDN GW) 1326.
  • the RAN 1301 may include evolved node Bs (eNBs) 1304 (which may operate as base stations) for communicating with user equipment (UE) 1302.
  • the eNBs 1304 may include macro eNBs 1304a and low power (LP) eNBs 1304b.
  • the connection between a UE 1302 and an eNB 1304 is a LTE-Uu connection.
  • one or more of the UEs 1302 includes a ProSe application for D2D communication via a PC5 connection.
  • the UEs may have a PC3 connection to a ProSe Function 1330.
  • the MME 1322 may be similar in function to the control plane of legacy Serving GPRS Support Nodes (SGSN).
  • the MME 1322 may manage mobility aspects in access such as gateway selection and tracking area list management.
  • the serving GW 1324 may terminate the interface toward the SGSN.
  • the serving GW 1324 may be a local mobility anchor point for inter-eNB handovers and also may provide an anchor for inter-3GPP mobility. Other responsibilities may include lawful intercept, charging, and some policy enforcement.
  • the serving GW 1324 and the MME 1322 may be implemented in one physical node or separate physical nodes.
  • the PDN GW 1326 may terminate a SGi interface toward the packet data network (PDN).
  • the PDN GW 1326 may route data packets between the EPC 1320 and the extemal PDN, and may perform policy enforcement and charging data collection.
  • the PDN GW 1326 may also provide an anchor point for mobility devices with non-LTE access.
  • the extemal PDN can be any kind of IP network, as well as an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) domain.
  • IMS IP Multimedia Subsystem
  • the PDN GW 1326 and the serving GW 1324 may be implemented in a single physical node or separate physical nodes.
  • the eNBs 1304 may terminate the air interface protocol and may be the first point of contact for a UE 1302.
  • an eNB 1304 may fulfill various logical functions for the RAN 1301 including, but not limited to, RNC (radio network controller functions) such as radio bearer management, uplink and downlink dynamic radio resource management and data packet scheduling, and mobility management.
  • RNC radio network controller functions
  • UEs 1302 may be configured to communicate orthogonal frequency division multiplexed (OFDM) communication signals with an eNB 1304 over a multicarrier communication channel in accordance with an OFDMA communication technique.
  • the OFDM signals may comprise a plurality of orthogonal subcarriers.
  • the S I interface 1315 may be the interface that separates the
  • the RAN 1301 and the EPC 1320 may be split into two parts: the S l -U, which may carry traffic data between the eNBs 1304 and the serving GW 1324, and the S l-MME, which may be a signaling interface between the eNBs 1304 and the MME 1322.
  • the X2 interface may be the interface between eNBs 1304.
  • the X2 interface may comprise two parts, the X2-C and X2-U.
  • the X2-C may be the control plane interface between the eNBs 1304, while the X2-U may be the user plane interface between the eNBs 1304.
  • LP cells 1304b may be typically used to extend coverage to indoor areas where outdoor signals do not reach well, or to add network capacity in areas with dense usage.
  • the cells of different sizes may operate on the same frequency band, or may operate on different frequency bands with each cell operating in a different frequency band or only cells of different sizes operating on different frequency bands.
  • LP eNB refers to any suitable relatively LP eNB for implementing a smaller cell (smaller than a macro cell) such as a femtocell, a picocell, or a microcell.
  • Femtocell eNBs may be typically provided by a mobile network operator to its residential or enterprise customers.
  • a femtocell may be typically the size of a residential gateway or smaller and generally connect to a broadband line.
  • the femtocell may connect to the mobile operator's mobile network and provide extra coverage in a range of typically 30 to 50 meters.
  • a LP eNB 1304b might be a femtocell eNB since it is coupled through the PDN GW 1326.
  • a picocell may be a wireless communication system typically covering a small area, such as in-building (offices, shopping malls, train stations, etc.), or more recently in-aircraft.
  • a picocell eNB may generally connect through the X2 link to another eNB such as a macro eNB through its base station controller (BSC) functionality.
  • BSC base station controller
  • LP eNB may be implemented with a picocell eNB since it may be coupled to a macro eNB 1304a via an X2 interface.
  • Picocell eNBs or other LP eNBs LP eNB 1304b may incorporate some or all functionality of a macro eNB LP eNB 1304a. In some cases, this may be referred to as an access point base station or enterprise femtocell.
  • the UE 1302 may communicate with an access point (AP) 1304c.
  • the AP 1304c may use only the unlicensed spectrum (e.g., WiFi bands) to communicate with the UE 1302.
  • the AP 1304c may communicate with the macro eNB 1304 A (or LP eNB 1304B) through an Xw interface.
  • the AP 1304c may communicate with the UE 1302 independent of communication between the UE 1302 and the macro eNB 1304A.
  • the AP 1304c may be controlled by the macro eNB 1304A and use LWA, as described in more detail below.
  • Communication over an LTE network may be split up into 10ms frames, each of which may contain ten 1ms subframes. Each subframe of the frame, in turn, may contain two slots of 0.5ms. Each subframe may be used for uplink (UL) communications from the UE to the eNB or downlink (DL) communications from the eNB to the UE. In one embodiment, the eNB may allocate a greater number of DL communications than UL communications in a particular frame. The eNB may schedule transmissions over a variety of frequency bands (fi and ⁇ 2). The allocation of resources in subframes used in one frequency band and may differ from those in another frequency band. Each slot of the subframe may contain 6-7 OFDM symbols, depending on the system used.
  • the subframe may contain 12 subcarriers.
  • a downlink resource grid may be used for downlink transmissions from an eNB to a UE, while an uplink resource grid may be used for uplink transmissions from a UE to an eNB or from a UE to another UE.
  • the resource grid may be a time-frequency grid, which is the physical resource in the downlink in each slot. The smallest time-frequency unit in a resource grid may be denoted as a resource element (RE).
  • Each column and each row of the resource grid may correspond to one OFDM symbol and one OFDM subcarrier, respectively.
  • the resource grid may contain resource blocks (RBs) that describe the mapping of physical channels to resource elements and physical RBs (PRBs).
  • a PRB may be the smallest unit of resources that can be allocated to a UE.
  • a resource block may be 180 kHz wide in frequency and 1 slot long in time. In frequency, resource blocks may be either 12 x 15 kHz subcarriers or 24 x 7.5 kHz subcarriers wide. For most channels and signals, 12 subcarriers may be used per resource block, dependent on the system bandwidth.
  • Frequency Division Duplexed (FDD) mode both the uplink and downlink frames may be 10ms and frequency (full-duplex) or time (half-duplex) separated.
  • TDD Time Division Duplexed
  • the uplink and downlink subframes may be transmitted on the same frequency and are multiplexed in the time domain.
  • the duration of the resource grid 400 in the time domain corresponds to one subframe or two resource blocks.
  • Each OFDM symbol may contain a cyclic prefix (CP) which may be used to effectively eliminate Inter Symbol Interference (ISI), and a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) period.
  • CP cyclic prefix
  • ISI Inter Symbol Interference
  • FFT Fast Fourier Transform
  • the duration of the CP may be determined by the highest anticipated degree of delay spread. Although distortion from the preceding OFDM symbol may exist within the CP, with a CP of sufficient duration, preceding OFDM symbols do not enter the FFT period. Once the FFT period signal is received and digitized, the receiver may ignore the signal in the CP.
  • Each subframe may be partitioned into the PDCCH and the PDSCH.
  • the PDCCH may normally occupy the first two symbols of each subframe and carries, among other things, information about the transport format and resource allocations related to the PDSCH channel, as well as H-ARQ information related to the uplink shared channel.
  • the PDSCH may carry user data and higher layer signaling to a UE and occupy the remainder of the subframe.
  • downlink scheduling (assigning control and shared channel resource blocks to UEs within a cell) may be performed at the eNB based on channel quality information provided from the UEs to the eNB, and then the downlink resource assignment information may be sent to each UE on the PDCCH used for
  • the PDCCH may contain downlink control information (DCI) in one of a number of formats that indicate to the UE how to find and decode data, transmitted on PDSCH in the same subframe, from the resource grid.
  • DCI downlink control information
  • the DCI format may provide details such as number of resource blocks, resource allocation type, modulation scheme, transport block, redundancy version, coding rate etc.
  • Each DCI format may have a cyclic redundancy code (CRC) and be scrambled with a Radio Network Temporary Identifier (RNTI) that identifies the target UE for which the PDSCH is intended.
  • CRC cyclic redundancy code
  • RNTI Radio Network Temporary Identifier
  • Use of the UE- specific RNTI may limit decoding of the DCI format (and hence the
  • FIG. 14 illustrates components of a UE in accordance with some embodiments. At least some of the components shown may be used in an eNB or MME, for example, such as the UE 1302 or eNB 1304 shown in FIG. 13.
  • the UE 1400 and other components may be configured to use the synchronization signals as described herein.
  • the UE 1400 may be a stationary, non-mobile device or may be a mobile device.
  • the UE 1400 may include application circuitry 1402, baseband circuitry 1404, Radio Frequency (RF) circuitry 1406, front-end module (FEM) circuitry 1408 and one or more antennas 1410, coupled together at least as shown. At least some of the baseband circuitry 1404, RF circuitry 1406, and FEM circuitry 1408 may form a transceiver.
  • other network elements such as the eNB may contain some or all of the components shown in FIG. 141.
  • Other of the network elements, such as the MME may contain an interface, such as the SI interface, to communicate with the eNB over a wired connection regarding the UE.
  • the application or processing circuitry 1402 may include one or more application processors.
  • the application circuitry 1402 may include circuitry such as, but not limited to, one or more single-core or multi- core processors.
  • the processor(s) may include any combination of general- purpose processors and dedicated processors (e.g., graphics processors, application processors, etc.).
  • the processors may be coupled with and/or may include memory/storage and may be configured to execute instructions stored in the memory/storage to enable various applications and/or operating systems to run on the system.
  • the baseband circuitry 1404 may include circuitry such as, but not limited to, one or more single-core or multi-core processors.
  • the baseband circuitry 1404 may include one or more baseband processors and/or control logic to process baseband signals received from a receive signal path of the RF circuitry 1406 and to generate baseband signals for a transmit signal path of the RF circuitry 1406.
  • Baseband processing circuity 1404 may interface with the application circuitry 1402 for generation and processing of the baseband signals and for controlling operations of the RF circuitry 1406.
  • the baseband circuitry 1404 may include a second generation (2G) baseband processor 1404a, third generation (3G) baseband processor 1404b, fourth generation (4G) baseband processor 1404c, and/or other baseband processor(s) 1404d for other existing generations, generations in development or to be developed in the future (e.g., fifth generation (5G), 6G, etc.).
  • the baseband circuitry 1404 e.g., one or more of baseband processors 1404a-d
  • the radio control functions may include, but are not limited to, signal modulation/demodulation,
  • modulation/demodulation circuitry of the baseband circuitry 1404 may include FFT, precoding, and/or constellation mapping/demapping functionality.
  • encoding/decoding circuitry of the baseband circuitry 1404 may include convolution, tail-biting convolution, turbo, Viterbi, and/or Low Density Parity Check (LDPC) encoder/decoder functionality.
  • LDPC Low Density Parity Check
  • the baseband circuitry 1404 may include elements of a protocol stack such as, for example, elements of an evolved universal terrestrial radio access network (E-UTRAN) protocol including, for example, physical (PHY), media access control (MAC), radio link control
  • E-UTRAN evolved universal terrestrial radio access network
  • PHY physical
  • MAC media access control
  • RLC packet data convergence protocol
  • RRC radio resource control
  • a central processing unit (CPU) 1404e of the baseband circuitry 1404 may be configured to run elements of the protocol stack for signaling of the PHY, MAC, RLC, PDCP and/or RRC layers.
  • the baseband circuitry may include one or more audio digital signal processor(s) (DSP) 1404f.
  • the audio DSP(s) 1404f may be include elements for compression/decompression and echo cancellation and may include other suitable processing elements in other embodiments.
  • Components of the baseband circuitry may be suitably combined in a single chip, a single chipset, or disposed on a same circuit board in some embodiments.
  • some or all of the constituent components of the baseband circuitry 1404 and the application circuitry 1402 may be implemented together such as, for example, on a system on a chip (SOC).
  • SOC system on a chip
  • the baseband circuitry 1404 may provide for communication compatible with one or more radio technologies.
  • the baseband circuitry 1404 may support communication with an evolved universal terrestrial radio access network (EUTRAN) and/or other wireless metropolitan area networks (WMAN), a wireless local area network (WLAN), a wireless personal area network (WPAN).
  • EUTRAN evolved universal terrestrial radio access network
  • WMAN wireless metropolitan area networks
  • WLAN wireless local area network
  • WPAN wireless personal area network
  • multi-mode baseband circuitry Embodiments in which the baseband circuitry 1404 is configured to support radio communications of more than one wireless protocol.
  • the device can be configured to operate in accordance with communication standards or other protocols or standards, including Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE) 802.16 wireless technology (WiMax), IEEE 802.11 wireless technology (WiFi) including IEEE 802.11 ad, which operates in the 60 GHz millimeter wave spectrum, various other wireless technologies such as global system for mobile communications (GSM), enhanced data rates for GSM evolution (EDGE), GSM EDGE radio access network (GERAN), universal mobile telecommunications system (UMTS), UMTS terrestrial radio access network (UTRAN), or other 2G, 3G, 4G, 5G, etc. technologies either already developed or to be developed.
  • RF circuitry 1406 may enable communication with wireless networks using modulated electromagnetic radiation through a non-solid medium.
  • the RF circuitry 1406 may include switches, filters, amplifiers, etc. to facilitate the communication with the wireless network.
  • RF circuitry 1406 may include a receive signal path which may include circuitry to down-convert RF signals received from the FEM circuitry 1408 and provide baseband signals to the baseband circuitry 1404.
  • RF circuitry 1406 may also include a transmit signal path which may include circuitry to up-convert baseband signals provided by the baseband circuitry 1404 and provide RF output signals to the FEM circuitry 1408 for transmission.
  • the RF circuitry 1406 may include a receive signal path and a transmit signal path.
  • the receive signal path of the RF circuitry 1406 may include mixer circuitry 1406a, amplifier circuitry 1406b and filter circuitry 1406c.
  • the transmit signal path of the RF circuitry 1406 may include filter circuitry 1406c and mixer circuitry 1406a.
  • RF circuitry 1406 may also include synthesizer circuitry 1406d for synthesizing a frequency for use by the mixer circuitry 1406a of the receive signal path and the transmit signal path.
  • the mixer circuitry 1406a of the receive signal path may be configured to down-convert RF signals received from the FEM circuitry 1408 based on the synthesized frequency provided by synthesizer circuitry 1406d.
  • the amplifier circuitry 1406b may be configured to amplify the down-converted signals and the filter circuitry 1406c may be a low-pass filter (LPF) or band-pass filter (BPF) configured to remove unwanted signals from the down-converted signals to generate output baseband signals.
  • LPF low-pass filter
  • BPF band-pass filter
  • Output baseband signals may be provided to the baseband circuitry 1404 for further processing.
  • the output baseband signals may be zero-frequency baseband signals, although this is not a requirement.
  • mixer circuitry 1406a of the receive signal path may comprise passive mixers, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect.
  • the mixer circuitry 1406a of the transmit signal path may be configured to up-convert input baseband signals based on the synthesized frequency provided by the synthesizer circuitry 1406d to generate RF output signals for the FEM circuitry 1408.
  • the baseband signals may be provided by the baseband circuitry 1404 and may be filtered by filter circuitry 1406c.
  • the filter circuitry 1406c may include a low-pass filter (LPF), although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect.
  • the mixer circuitry 1406a of the receive signal path and the mixer circuitry 1406a of the transmit signal path may include two or more mixers and may be arranged for quadrature downconversion and/or upconversion respectively.
  • the mixer circuitry 1406a of the receive signal path and the mixer circuitry 1406a of the transmit signal path may include two or more mixers and may be arranged for image rejection (e.g., Hartley image rejection). In some embodiments, the mixer circuitry 1406a of the receive signal path and the mixer circuitry 1406a may be arranged for direct downconversion and/or direct upconversion, respectively. In some embodiments, the mixer circuitry 1406a of the receive signal path and the mixer circuitry 1406a of the transmit signal path may be configured for super-heterodyne operation.
  • the output baseband signals and the input baseband signals may be analog baseband signals, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect.
  • the output baseband signals and the input baseband signals may be digital baseband signals.
  • the RF circuitry 1406 may include analog-to-digital converter (ADC) and digital-to-analog converter (DAC) circuitry and the baseband circuitry 1404 may include a digital baseband interface to communicate with the RF circuitry 1406.
  • ADC analog-to-digital converter
  • DAC digital-to-analog converter
  • a separate radio IC circuitry may be provided for processing signals for each spectrum, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect.
  • the synthesizer circuitry 1406d may be a fractional-N synthesizer or a fractional N/N+1 synthesizer, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect as other types of frequency synthesizers may be suitable.
  • synthesizer circuitry 1406d may be a delta-sigma synthesizer, a frequency multiplier, or a synthesizer comprising a phase-locked loop with a frequency divider.
  • the synthesizer circuitry 1406d may be configured to synthesize an output frequency for use by the mixer circuitry 1406a of the RF circuitry 1406 based on a frequency input and a divider control input.
  • the synthesizer circuitry 1406d may be a fractional N/N+1 synthesizer.
  • frequency input may be provided by a voltage controlled oscillator (VCO), although that is not a requirement.
  • VCO voltage controlled oscillator
  • Divider control input may be provided by either the baseband circuitry 1404 or the applications processor 1402 depending on the desired output frequency.
  • a divider control input (e.g., N) may be determined from a lookup table based on a channel indicated by the applications processor 1402.
  • Synthesizer circuitry 1406d of the RF circuitry 1406 may include a divider, a delay-locked loop (DLL), a multiplexer and a phase accumulator.
  • the divider may be a dual modulus divider (DMD) and the phase accumulator may be a digital phase accumulator (DP A).
  • the DMD may be configured to divide the input signal by either N or N+l (e.g., based on a carry out) to provide a fractional division ratio.
  • the DLL may include a set of cascaded, tunable, delay elements, a phase detector, a charge pump and a D-type flip-flop.
  • the delay elements may be configured to break a VCO period up into Nd equal packets of phase, where Nd is the number of delay elements in the delay line.
  • Nd is the number of delay elements in the delay line.
  • synthesizer circuitry 1406d may be configured to generate a carrier frequency as the output frequency, while in other embodiments, the output frequency may be a multiple of the carrier frequency (e.g., twice the carrier frequency, four times the carrier frequency) and used in conjunction with quadrature generator and divider circuitry to generate multiple signals at the carrier frequency with multiple different phases with respect to each other. In some embodiments, the output frequency may be a LO frequency (fix)). In some embodiments, the RF circuitry 1406 may include an IQ/polar converter.
  • FEM circuitry 1408 may include a receive signal path which may include circuitry configured to operate on RF signals received from one or more antennas 1410, amplify the received signals and provide the amplified versions of the received signals to the RF circuitry 1406 for further processing.
  • FEM circuitry 1408 may also include a transmit signal path which may include circuitry configured to amplify signals for transmission provided by the RF circuitry 1406 for transmission by one or more of the one or more antennas 1410.
  • the FEM circuitry 1408 may include a
  • the FEM circuitry may include a receive signal path and a transmit signal path.
  • the receive signal path of the FEM circuitry may include a low-noise amplifier (LNA) to amplify received RF signals and provide the amplified received RF signals as an output (e.g., to the RF circuitry 1406).
  • the transmit signal path of the FEM circuitry 1408 may include a power amplifier (PA) to amplify input RF signals (e.g., provided by RF circuitry 1406), and one or more filters to generate RF signals for subsequent transmission (e.g., by one or more of the one or more antennas 1410.
  • PA power amplifier
  • the UE 1400 may include additional elements such as, for example, memory/storage, display, camera, sensor, and/or input/output (I/O) interface as described in more detail below.
  • the UE 1400 described herein may be part of a portable wireless communication device, such as a personal digital assistant (PDA), a laptop or portable computer with wireless communication capability, a web tablet, a wireless telephone, a smartphone, a wireless headset, a pager, an instant messaging device, a digital camera, an access point, a television, a medical device (e.g., a heart rate monitor, a blood pressure monitor, etc.), or other device that may receive and/or transmit information wirelessly.
  • PDA personal digital assistant
  • a laptop or portable computer with wireless communication capability such as a personal digital assistant (PDA), a laptop or portable computer with wireless communication capability, a web tablet, a wireless telephone, a smartphone, a wireless headset, a pager, an instant messaging device, a digital camera, an access point, a television,
  • the UE 1400 may include one or more user interfaces designed to enable user interaction with the system and/or peripheral component interfaces designed to enable peripheral component interaction with the system.
  • the UE 1400 may include one or more of a keyboard, a keypad, a touchpad, a display, a sensor, a non-volatile memory port, a universal serial bus (USB) port, an audio j ack, a power supply interface, one or more antennas, a graphics processor, an application processor, a speaker, a microphone, and other I/O components.
  • the display may be an LCD or LED screen including a touch screen.
  • the sensor may include a gyro sensor, an accelerometer, a proximity sensor, an ambient light sensor, and a positioning unit. The positioning unit may communicate with components of a positioning network, e.g., a global positioning system (GPS) satellite.
  • GPS global positioning system
  • the antennas 1410 may comprise one or more directional or omnidirectional antennas, including, for example, dipole antennas, monopole antennas, patch antennas, loop antennas, microstrip antennas or other types of antennas suitable for transmission of RF signals.
  • the antennas 1410 may be effectively separated to take advantage of spatial diversity and the different channel characteristics that may result.
  • the UE 1400 is illustrated as having several separate functional elements, one or more of the functional elements may be combined and may be implemented by combinations of software-configured elements, such as processing elements including digital signal processors (DSPs), and/or other hardware elements.
  • processing elements including digital signal processors (DSPs), and/or other hardware elements.
  • DSPs digital signal processors
  • some elements may comprise one or more microprocessors, DSPs, field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), radio-frequency integrated circuits (RFICs) and combinations of various hardware and logic circuitry for performing at least the functions described herein.
  • the functional elements may refer to one or more processes operating on one or more processing elements.
  • Embodiments may be implemented in one or a combination of hardware, firmware and software. Embodiments may also be implemented as instructions stored on a computer-readable storage device, which may be read and executed by at least one processor to perform the operations described herein.
  • a computer-readable storage device may include any non-transitory mechanism for storing information in a form readable by a machine (e.g., a computer).
  • a computer-readable storage device may include readonly memory (ROM), random-access memory (RAM), magnetic disk storage media, optical storage media, flash-memory devices, and other storage devices and media.
  • Some embodiments may include one or more processors and may be configured with instructions stored on a computer-readable storage device.
  • FIG. 15 is a block diagram of a communication device 1500 in accordance with some embodiments.
  • the communication device 1500 may be a UE or eNB, for example, such as the UE 1302 or eNB 1304 shown in FIG. 13.
  • the physical layer circuitry 1502 may perform various encoding and decoding functions that may include formation of baseband signals for transmission and decoding of received signals.
  • the communication device 1500 may also include medium access control layer (MAC) circuitry 1504 for controlling access to the wireless medium.
  • MAC medium access control layer
  • the communication device 1500 may also include processing circuitry 1506, such as one or more single-core or multi-core processors, and memory 1508 arranged to perform the operations described herein.
  • the physical layer circuitry 1502, MAC circuitry 1504 and processing circuitry 1506 may handle various radio control functions that enable communication with one or more radio networks compatible with one or more radio technologies.
  • the radio control functions may include signal modulation, encoding, decoding, radio frequency shifting, etc.
  • communication may be enabled with one or more of a WMAN, a WLAN, and a WPAN.
  • the communication device 1500 can be configured to operate in accordance with 3 GPP standards or other protocols or standards, including WiMax, WiFi, WiGig, GSM, EDGE, GERAN, UMTS, UTRAN, or other 3G, 3G, 4G, 5G, etc. technologies either already developed or to be developed.
  • the communication device 1500 may include transceiver circuitry 1512 to enable communication with other external devices wirelessly and interfaces 1514 to enable wired communication with other external devices.
  • the transceiver circuitry 1512 may perform various transmission and reception functions such as conversion of signals between a baseband range and a Radio Frequency (RF) range.
  • RF Radio Frequency
  • the antennas 1501 may comprise one or more directional or omnidirectional antennas, including, for example, dipole antennas, monopole antennas, patch antennas, loop antennas, microstrip antennas or other types of antennas suitable for transmission of RF signals. In some MIMO embodiments, the antennas 1501 may be effectively separated to take advantage of spatial diversity and the different channel characteristics that may result.
  • the communication device 1500 is illustrated as having several separate functional elements, one or more of the functional elements may be combined and may be implemented by combinations of software-configured elements, such as processing elements including DSPs, and/or other hardware elements. For example, some elements may comprise one or more
  • the functional elements may refer to one or more processes operating on one or more processing elements.
  • Embodiments may be implemented in one or a combination of hardware, firmware and software. Embodiments may also be implemented as instructions stored on a computer- readable storage device, which may be read and executed by at least one processor to perform the operations described herein.
  • FIG. 16 illustrates another block diagram of a communication device 1600 in accordance with some embodiments.
  • the communication device 1300 may correspond to the UE 1302 or the eNB 1304.
  • the communication device 1600 may operate as a standalone device or may be connected (e.g., networked) to other communication devices.
  • the communication device 1600 may operate in the capacity of a server communication device, a client communication device, or both in server-client network environments.
  • the communication device 1600 may act as a peer communication device in peer-to-peer (P2P) (or other distributed) network environment.
  • communication device capable of executing instructions (sequential or otherwise) that specify actions to be taken by that communication device.
  • communication device shall also be taken to include any collection of communication devices that individually or jointly execute a set (or multiple sets) of instructions to perform any one or more of the methodologies discussed herein, such as cloud computing, software as a service (SaaS), other computer cluster configurations.
  • Examples, as described herein, may include, or may operate on, logic or a number of components, modules, or mechanisms.
  • Modules are tangible entities (e.g., hardware) capable of performing specified operations and may be configured or arranged in a certain manner.
  • circuits may be arranged (e.g., internally or with respect to external entities such as other circuits) in a specified manner as a module.
  • the whole or part of one or more computer systems (e.g., a standalone, client or server computer system) or one or more hardware processors may be configured by firmware or software (e.g., instructions, an application portion, or an application) as a module that operates to perform specified operations.
  • the software may reside on a communication device readable medium.
  • the software when executed by the underlying hardware of the module, causes the hardware to perform the specified operations.
  • module is understood to encompass a tangible entity, be that an entity that is physically constructed, specifically configured (e.g., hardwired), or temporarily (e.g., transitorily) configured (e.g., programmed) to operate in a specified manner or to perform part or all of any operation described herein.
  • each of the modules need not be instantiated at any one moment in time.
  • the modules comprise a general-purpose hardware processor configured using software
  • the general-purpose hardware processor may be configured as respective different modules at different times.
  • Software may accordingly configure a hardware processor, for example, to constitute a particular module at one instance of time and to constitute a different module at a different instance of time.
  • Communication device e.g., computer system
  • a hardware processor 1602 e.g., a central processing unit (CPU), a graphics processing unit (GPU), a hardware processor core, or any combination thereof
  • main memory 1604 e.g., main memory
  • static memory 1606 e.g., static memory
  • the communication device 1600 may further include a display unit 1610, an alphanumeric input device 1612 (e.g., a keyboard), and a user interface (UI) navigation device 1614 (e.g., a mouse).
  • the display unit 1610, input device 1612 and UI navigation device 1614 may be a touch screen display.
  • the communication device 1600 may additionally include a storage device (e.g., drive unit) 1616, a signal generation device 1618 (e.g., a speaker), a network interface device 1620, and one or more sensors 1621, such as a global positioning system (GPS) sensor, compass, accelerometer, or other sensor.
  • GPS global positioning system
  • the communication device 1600 may include an output controller 1628, such as a serial (e.g., universal serial bus (USB), parallel, or other wired or wireless (e.g., infrared (IR), near field communication (NFC), etc.) connection to communicate or control one or more peripheral devices (e.g., a printer, card reader, etc.).
  • a serial e.g., universal serial bus (USB), parallel, or other wired or wireless (e.g., infrared (IR), near field communication (NFC), etc.) connection to communicate or control one or more peripheral devices (e.g., a printer, card reader, etc.).
  • USB universal serial bus
  • IR infrared
  • NFC near field communication
  • the storage device 1616 may include a communication device readable medium 1622 on which is stored one or more sets of data structures or instructions 1624 (e.g., software) embodying or utilized by any one or more of the techniques or functions described herein.
  • the instructions 1624 may also reside, completely or at least partially, within the main memory 1604, within static memory 1606, or within the hardware processor 1602 during execution thereof by the communication device 1600.
  • one or any combination of the hardware processor 1602, the main memory 1604, the static memory 1606, or the storage device 1616 may constitute communication device readable media.
  • communication device readable medium 1622 is illustrated as a single medium, the term “communication device readable medium” may include a single medium or multiple media (e.g., a centralized or distributed database, and/or associated caches and servers) configured to store the one or more instructions 1624.
  • the term "communication device readable medium” may include any medium that is capable of storing, encoding, or carrying instructions for execution by the communication device 1600 and that cause the communication device 1600 to perform any one or more of the techniques of the present disclosure, or that is capable of storing, encoding or carrying data structures used by or associated with such instructions.
  • Non-limiting communication device readable medium examples may include solid-state memories, and optical and magnetic media.
  • communication device readable media may include: non-volatile memory, such as semiconductor memory devices (e.g., Electrically Programmable Read-Only Memory (EPROM), Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EEPROM)) and flash memory devices; magnetic disks, such as internal hard disks and removable disks; magneto-optical disks; Random Access Memory (RAM); and CD-ROM and DVD-ROM disks.
  • non-volatile memory such as semiconductor memory devices (e.g., Electrically Programmable Read-Only Memory (EPROM), Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EEPROM)) and flash memory devices
  • magnetic disks such as internal hard disks and removable disks
  • magneto-optical disks Random Access Memory (RAM); and CD-ROM and DVD-ROM disks.
  • communication device readable media may include non-transitory communication device readable media.
  • communication device readable media may include communication device readable media that is not a transitory propagating signal.
  • the instructions 1624 may further be transmitted or received over a communications network 1626 using a transmission medium via the network interface device 1620 utilizing any one of a number of transfer protocols (e.g., frame relay, internet protocol (IP), transmission control protocol (TCP), user datagram protocol (UDP), hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP), etc.).
  • transfer protocols e.g., frame relay, internet protocol (IP), transmission control protocol (TCP), user datagram protocol (UDP), hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP), etc.
  • Example communication networks may include a local area network (LAN), a wide area network (WAN), a packet data network (e.g., the Internet), mobile telephone networks (e.g., cellular networks), Plain Old Telephone (POTS) networks, and wireless data networks (e.g., Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 family of standards known as Wi-Fi®, IEEE 802.16 family of standards known as WiMax®), IEEE 802.15.4 family of standards, a Long Term Evolution (LTE) family of standards, a Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) family of standards, peer-to-peer (P2P) networks, among others.
  • LAN local area network
  • WAN wide area network
  • POTS Plain Old Telephone
  • wireless data networks e.g., Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 family of standards known as Wi-Fi®, IEEE 802.16 family of standards known as WiMax®
  • IEEE 802.15.4 family of standards e.g., Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE
  • the network interface device 1620 may include one or more physical jacks (e.g., Ethernet, coaxial, or phone jacks) or one or more antennas to connect to the communications network 1626.
  • the network interface device 1620 may include a plurality of antennas to wirelessly communicate using at least one of single-input multiple-output (SIMO), MIMO, or multiple-input single-output (MISO) techniques.
  • SIMO single-input multiple-output
  • MIMO multiple-input single-output
  • MISO multiple-input single-output
  • the network interface device 1620 may wirelessly communicate using Multiple User MIMO techniques.
  • transmission medium shall be taken to include any intangible medium that is capable of storing, encoding or carrying instructions for execution by the communication device 1600, and includes digital or analog communications signals or other intangible medium to facilitate communication of such software.
  • Example 1 is an apparatus of a user equipment (UE), the apparatus comprising: processing circuitry and memory, the processing circuitry to: decode a first reservation request for a guaranteed reservation, the guaranteed reservation for transmission of a mission critical (MC) packet to a second UE using device-to-device (D2D) communication; encode, in a reservation window (RW) of a reservation frame, a second reservation request to reserve a contention-free allocated resource, wherein the contention-free allocated resource occupies resources in the reservation frame immediately adj acent to the RW; and configure the MC packet for D2D transmission on the contention-free allocated resource.
  • UE user equipment
  • D2D device-to-device
  • Example 2 the subject matter of Example 1 optionally includes that the UE comprises a vehicle computer, and wherein the D2D communication comprises vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication.
  • V2V vehicle-to-vehicle
  • Example 3 the subject matter of any of Examples 1-2 optionally includes that the RW occupies a set of resources at a beginning of the reservation frame.
  • Example 4 the subject matter of any of Examples 1-2 optionally includes that a set of resources at an end of the reservation frame are for periodic data traffic.
  • Example 5 the subject matter of Example 4 optionally includes that a set of resources between the contention-free allocated resource and the resources for periodic data traffic are for non-MC data traffic.
  • Example 6 the subject matter of Example 5 optionally includes that the processing circuitry is further to encode a third reservation request for a periodic data packet.
  • Example 7 the subject matter of any of Examples 1-2 optionally includes that the reservation frame has a reservation frame structure that is defined using a time domain or a frequency domain and received from an evolved NodeB (eNB), and wherein the reservation frame structure specifies positions of the RW and the contention-free allocated resource.
  • eNB evolved NodeB
  • Example 8 the subject matter of any of Examples 1-2 optionally includes that the reservation frame comprises a vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) safety beacon.
  • the processing circuitry comprises a baseband processor.
  • Example 10 the subject matter of any of Examples 1-2 optionally includes transceiver circuitry to transmit the MC packet on the contention free allocated resource.
  • Example 11 the subject matter of Example 10 optionally includes that the transceiver circuitry is to transmit the MC packet using a millimeter-wave frequency.
  • Example 12 the subject matter of Example 10 optionally includes an antenna coupled to the transceiver circuitry.
  • Example 13 is an apparatus of an evolved NodeB (eNB), the apparatus comprising: processing circuitry and memory, the processing circuitry to: assign a contention-free allocated resource of a reservation frame to a first user equipment (UE) requesting a resource for a guaranteed reservation, the guaranteed reservation for transmission of a mission critical (MC) packet to a second UE using device-to-device (D2D) communication; and encode, using a reservation window (RW), an assignment of the contention-free allocated resource in downlink control information (DCI) for transmission to the fist UE via physical downlink control channel (PDCCH).
  • UE user equipment
  • D2D device-to-device
  • RW reservation window
  • DCI downlink control information
  • Example 14 the subject matter of Example 13 optionally includes that the first UE comprises a vehicle computer, and wherein the D2D communication comprises vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication.
  • V2V vehicle-to-vehicle
  • Example 15 the subject matter of Example 13 optionally includes that the processing circuitry is further to: process a request, from the first UE, for transmission of periodic data or non-MC data using a contention- based mechanism to access non-MC resources of the reservation frame.
  • Example 16 the subject matter of Example 13 optionally includes that the RW comprises a single slot in a time domain, wherein the RW is subdivided, in a frequency domain, into reservation blocks for UEs to reserve contention-free resources.
  • Example 17 the subject matter of Example 16 optionally includes that the reservation frame comprises an eNB slot immediately following the RW, and the processing circuitry is further to encode, in the eNB slot, allocations of unclaimed slots in the reservation frame for non-MC data.
  • Example 18 the subject matter of Example 13 optionally includes that the reservation frame comprises blocks for MC events, blocks for non-MC data, and blocks for periodic data defined in a time domain or a frequency domain.
  • Example 19 the subject matter of Example 18 optionally includes that the blocks for periodic data reside at an end of the reservation frame, and the blocks for periodic data are occupied by MC data in a case where the blocks for MC events are occupied.
  • Example 20 is a computer-readable storage medium that stores instructions for execution by processing circuitry of a user equipment (UE) to configure the UE to perform operations for device-to-device (D2D)
  • UE user equipment
  • D2D device-to-device
  • the processing circuitry configured to: decode a first reservation request for a guaranteed reservation, the guaranteed reservation for transmission of a mission critical (MC) packet to a second UE using device-to- device (D2D) communication; encode, in a reservation window (RW) of a reservation frame, a second reservation request to reserve a contention-free allocated resource, wherein the contention-free allocated resource occupies resources in the reservation frame immediately adjacent to the RW; and configure the MC packet for D2D transmission on the contention-free allocated resource.
  • MC mission critical
  • D2D device-to- device
  • Example 21 the subject matter of Example 20 optionally includes that the UE comprises a vehicle computer, and wherein the D2D communication comprises vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication.
  • V2V vehicle-to-vehicle
  • Example 22 the subject matter of Example 20 optionally includes that the RW occupies a set of resources at a beginning of the reservation frame.
  • Example 23 is an apparatus of a user equipment (UE), the apparatus comprising: means for decoding a first reservation request for a guaranteed reservation, the guaranteed reservation for transmission of a mission critical (MC) packet to a second UE using device-to-device (D2D)
  • UE user equipment
  • D2D device-to-device
  • Example 24 the subj ect matter of Example 23 optionally includes that the UE comprises a vehicle computer, and wherein the D2D communication comprises vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication.
  • V2V vehicle-to-vehicle
  • Example 25 the subj ect matter of Example 23 optionally includes that the RW occupies a set of resources at a beginning of the reservation frame.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)

Abstract

Selon des modes de réalisation, l'invention porte en général sur un mécanisme essentiel d'accès aux canaux dispositif à dispositif (D2D) (MC). Un équipement utilisateur (UE) décode une première demande de réservation d'une réservation garantie, la réservation garantie pour une transmission d'un paquet MC à un second UE utilisant une communication D2D. L'UE code, dans une fenêtre de réservation (RW) d'une trame de réservation, une seconde demande de réservation pour réserver une ressource attribuée sans collision, la ressource attribuée sans collision occupant les ressources dans la trame de réservation immédiatement adjacente aux RW. L'UE configure le paquet MC pour une transmission D2D sur la ressource attribuée sans collision.
PCT/US2016/038948 2015-12-14 2016-06-23 Mécanisme essentiel d'accès aux canaux dispositif à dispositif Ceased WO2017105545A1 (fr)

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