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WO2017103023A1 - Procédé d'extraction de gaz au moyen de particules adsorbantes, adsorbeur et système d'extraction de gaz - Google Patents

Procédé d'extraction de gaz au moyen de particules adsorbantes, adsorbeur et système d'extraction de gaz Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017103023A1
WO2017103023A1 PCT/EP2016/081312 EP2016081312W WO2017103023A1 WO 2017103023 A1 WO2017103023 A1 WO 2017103023A1 EP 2016081312 W EP2016081312 W EP 2016081312W WO 2017103023 A1 WO2017103023 A1 WO 2017103023A1
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Prior art keywords
gas
particles
particle
adsorption space
adsorption
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English (en)
Inventor
Eric Pierre DUBOIS
Julien Jolly
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Solvay SA
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Solvay SA
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/02—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
    • B01D53/06—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with moving adsorbents, e.g. rotating beds
    • B01D53/10—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with moving adsorbents, e.g. rotating beds with dispersed adsorbents
    • B01D53/12—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with moving adsorbents, e.g. rotating beds with dispersed adsorbents according to the "fluidised technique"
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
    • B01J8/18—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles
    • B01J8/1818—Feeding of the fluidising gas
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
    • B01J8/18—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles
    • B01J8/24—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles according to "fluidised-bed" technique
    • B01J8/44—Fluidisation grids
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2253/00—Adsorbents used in seperation treatment of gases and vapours
    • B01D2253/10—Inorganic adsorbents
    • B01D2253/102—Carbon
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2253/00—Adsorbents used in seperation treatment of gases and vapours
    • B01D2253/30—Physical properties of adsorbents
    • B01D2253/302—Dimensions
    • B01D2253/304—Linear dimensions, e.g. particle shape, diameter
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
    • B01D2257/50—Carbon oxides
    • B01D2257/504—Carbon dioxide
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2258/00—Sources of waste gases
    • B01D2258/02—Other waste gases
    • B01D2258/0283—Flue gases
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02C—CAPTURE, STORAGE, SEQUESTRATION OR DISPOSAL OF GREENHOUSE GASES [GHG]
    • Y02C20/00—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases
    • Y02C20/40—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases of CO2

Definitions

  • This invention concerns a method for extracting a gas component from a gas mixture (GM) using adsorbent particles wherein the particles and the gas mixture flow through a tube for adsorption of the gas component at the particles. Further, the invention concerns an adsorber for extracting a gas component from a gas mixture and a gas extraction system for extraction a gas component from a gas mixture.
  • GM gas mixture
  • a gas extraction system for extraction a gas component from a gas mixture.
  • carbon capture methods and systems for example adsorption type carbon capture.
  • carbon dioxide is adsorbed in an adsorbing material at a cool temperature from a flue gas, for example.
  • microbeads for example for adsorption processes.
  • the US company Entegris, Inc offers carbon microbeads with an average size below 1 ⁇ and also carbon microbeads which are tunable in pore size. It has been proposed to use a single, integrated column combining adsorption and regeneration in one process unit. In the process, the adsorbent is circulated continuously throughout the system wherein the flue gas comes into
  • the absorption particles fall through an absorption section at the top of the column.
  • the C0 2 -laden adsorbent is then regenerated at the bottom of the column by direct contact with low-grade scheme, heating the microbeads and displacing C0 2 , which is then collected.
  • FIG. 3 shows a column for the extraction of C0 2 from flue gas.
  • a flue gas is led through the column in countercurrent direction to a flow of particulate adsorbent.
  • the flue gas is moved by pressure difference, where there is the adsorbent is moved by gravity which means that the particles fall through the uprising flow of flue gas through an adsorber section of the column.
  • the C0 2 -laden adsorbent leaves the adsorber section, the C0 2 is stripped in an adjacent transition section.
  • the adsorbent is regenerated, dehydrated and finally cooled in further steps and corresponding sections of the column. Then, the adsorbent is conveyed back to the top of the column and reused.
  • the same system is also disclosed in WO2012/170925 Al .
  • a disadvantage of this system is that much energy is required to flow the flue gas through the column in order to have C0 2 adsorbed at the particles.
  • a conveying system is required to actively move the adsorbent from the bottom of the column to its top.
  • the objective of the present invention is to overcome these disadvantages using one innovative principle for extracting a certain gas component of a gas mixture.
  • Subject-matter of the invention is a method for gas separation in which the gas mixture and the particles have the same general flow direction through a space which is bordered by at least one wall.
  • the gas mixture in the adsorption space is separated into bubbles.
  • the speed of the bubbles through the adsorption space is greater than a general speed of the particles through the adsorption space.
  • the effect of this is that, the particles move through a bubble that is running through the adsorption space and that is passing through the particles because of its higher speed.
  • the speed of the particles in a bubble can be different from the speed of the particles in particle areas in the space which are separated by the bubbles and can be different from the speed of the bubbles.
  • the particle areas have a greater particle density than the gas bubbles. In the gas bubbles, particles are usually also present.
  • the particles can be contained in a tube which has a single wall.
  • the adsorption space is bordered by the tube wall.
  • the bubble generation process can take place between at least two walls or parts of a single wall, the latter for example being the case when using a tube.
  • the volume can also be a slot like volume which is bordered by straight or bent walls.
  • the walls are preferably parallel to each other. This renders the conditions for bubble generation homogeneous.
  • the particle areas comprise particles. To be considered as a particle area, it is sufficient that the density of the particles in this area is significantly greater than in a gas bubble.
  • the particles do not have to be compacted which means that they do not have to touch all their neighbours. It is possible that some or most particles are surrounded by the gas mixture and thus are free-floating though they are in an area with an increased particle density in comparison to a gas bubble.
  • the state of a particle area then corresponds to an expansion in total volume of a completely compacted material in which the particles touch their neighbours by the gas mixture which is added in spaces between the particles.
  • the gas bubbles are preferably not connected.
  • the bubbles preferably extend over a great part or the whole distance between two opposing walls.
  • a particle area can form a dome.
  • the inclination of this dome can have at least in parts approximately the angle of repose of the particles. This is because the particles block themselves in this angle and prevent each other from falling down into the bubble immediately.
  • This mechanism enables under certain circumstances a fluidisation of the gas mixture and the particles wherein bubbles with a low particle content are formed between particle areas with a significantly higher particle content.
  • the bubbles can for example move between the walls with a speed of about lOcm/s.
  • the particles can for example move between the walls with a general speed of 40 to 70mm/min.
  • a general speed of the particles means that not each particle has to have this speed, but that the particles between the walls move with this speed regarding the average time a particle needs to enter the adsorption space and to leave the adsorption space again wherein it has travelled along a distance from an inlet into the space to an exit from the space.
  • a general flow direction of the particles means that some of the particles can have opposite movement directions than the rest of the particles, but in general and regarding the whole adsorption space without considering the details, the particles have a flow direction which is the direction of the general speed of the particles.
  • a general speed of the gas mixture can be defined.
  • the speed of the bubbles can be higher than this general gas mixture speed.
  • the general speed of the gas mixture is higher than the general speed of the particles.
  • An advantage of this method is that only a very low pressure drop occurs due to multiphase flow.
  • the pressure drop is about ten times less than a common stream without multiphase properties.
  • the pressure difference for lm of particle filled adsorption space is in typical cases 40 to 50 mbar.
  • a further advantage is that the particles have a prolonged lifetime in comparison to freefalling particles according to the state of the art.
  • Another advantage of this method is, in comparison to the state of the art, that in the adsorption space, a great amount of particles is densely contained in the particle areas. In this way, much more particles can be contained in the adsorption space. As the particles move through the bubbles by the different flow speeds of the gas mixture in the bubbles and of the particles, the gas bubbles move through the compacted areas in the adsorption space and the gas mixture comes into contact with most or all particles in the adsorption space though many particles are contained in the particle areas. The presence of particle areas advantageously saves construction space.
  • the adsorption space has a longitudinal direction which is defined by the main gas bubble movement direction which for example has an angle to the direction of gravity which is less than the angle of repose of the particles, and which is preferably less than 45° and more preferably an angle of less than 19° which is the angle of repose for carbon particles which can form a fluidised particle flow.
  • bubbles can ascend through the particles in the adsorption space.
  • the particles then move through the bubbles by gravity, i.e. they fall through the bubbles.
  • the bubbles and the particles in the particle areas move through the adsorption space against the direction of gravity, whereas the particles in the bubbles fall in in direction of gravity.
  • the relative speed of the particles to the bubbles which are moving through the adsorption space has the opposite direction in regard of the speed of the bubbles and other particles which are located in the particle areas at the same time. Though some of the particles have a speed in counter direction to the general movement of the particles between the walls, the particles are conveyed between the walls in the direction of the bubbles. Preferably, the flow of the gas bubbles conveys the particles against gravity. It is also possible to move the particles in another way, for example by electrostatic or magnetic forces. For example, magnetic or electrically charged particles can be in the adsorption space and can be conveyed by magnetic or electrostatic fields.
  • the bubbles are moved through the adsorption space by differential pressure between a place of generation of the bubbles and the exit for the bubbles from the adsorption space.
  • the tube is preferably a stiff tube, but it can also be flexible.
  • Its cross section is preferably cylindrical.
  • the tube can also have other cross sections, for example a square, a rectangle, a hexagon or a triangle. This has the advantage that they can form a more compact tube bundle.
  • An advantage of a circular or round cross section is that there are no edges which tend to be avoided by the bubbles.
  • an inner diameter of the tube is greater than 1mm and smaller than 50mm. In this range, the process works well. It is most preferred that the inner diameter of the tube is greater than 20mm and smaller than 40mm. This range is economically advantageous.
  • a typical amount of gas flow through the tube can be 150 to 350ml/min, preferably about 245ml/min.
  • the diameter of a tube or the distance between walls enclosing an adsorption space can be greater than the average particle size times 4. At least a few particles are required to form a particle area over the complete inner cross-section of the tube or the adsorption space, respectively.
  • the length of a tube or a dimension of an adsorption space in direction of bubble movement can be about lm. This provides a good ratio of size, pressure drop and grade of extraction of the desired gas component.
  • the bubbles can be generated by a bubble outlet through which gas enters the adsorption space to form bubbles between particle areas.
  • the bubble outlet is preferably located at the lower end of the adsorption space.
  • the bubble outlet comprises or act as a valve device which is arranged to open and close the bubble outlet. Opening and closing of the valve device can be initiated actively, for example from a control unit, or can be a result of a self-regulating process. The final formation of bubbles takes place when the valve device closes the outlet and the bubbles start moving away from the outlet.
  • a pressure of the gas mixture at a gas mixture supply to the bubble outlet can increase each time the valve devices is closed and can decrease each time the valve devices is opened.
  • the valve device comprises the bubble outlet as a part of it.
  • the bubble outlet can be closed by a lid that is blocking it regarding penetration of gas mixture through the outlet.
  • the pressure of the gas mixture at a gas mixture supply can increase by the fact that the outlet is closed.
  • the lid is lifted from the bubble outlet such that a gas bubble can penetrate into the adsorption space. As this happens, the pressure can drop because gas volume has been released. Then, the lid can close the bubble outlet again.
  • This process can lead to rhythmic opening and closure of the bubble outlet by the lid.
  • the pressure changes in the same rhythm.
  • a rhythm means in application, that a process is repeated, but that repetition does not have to be exactly regular.
  • the bubble outlet comprises a hole which can be opened and closed by a lid.
  • the lid can be guided by some guiding means which allow a movement towards and away from the hole in order to open and close it.
  • the guiding means can enclose the lid at its circumference.
  • the movement is limited by a stopper in order that the lid is not moving away from the whole with a that's bubble.
  • the lid can be lifted by pressure of the gas mixture which then can enter the adsorption space. After the pressure of the gas mixture outside of the adsorption space has lowered by the flow of gas mixture into the adsorption space, the lid moves towards the hole and closes it again.
  • the force of the lid in direction to the hole is exerted by the weight of the lid as well as by particles which may press on it. Additionally, it is possible to increase this force by a force increase meant means. This can, for example, be a spring by which the lid is preloaded in direction of the hole.
  • an externally controllable valve can be used that is opened and closed in a rhythm in order to generate bubbles in the adsorption space.
  • the pressure of the gas mixture in a supply to the bubble outlet can be adjusted to a working pressure.
  • the working pressure preferably is less than an upper limit pressures of a bubble generation process in which the particles are blown out of the adsorption space and higher than a lower limit pressure of a bubble generation process in which no bubbles are generated but the volume of the particle area at the bubble outlets is increased by a higher gas portion.
  • Gas speed at the particle surface can for example be between 5 cm/s and 150 cm/s which is suitable to adsorb a gas component when carbon particles are used.
  • An average gas speed through the adsorption space, especially a tube, can for example be between 10 and 40cm/s. This is significant less in comparison to adsobers with falling particles according to the state of the art in which a gas speed of 100 to 150 m/s is applied usually, such that energy is saved.
  • the above- mentioned typical surface speed of the particles relative to the gas flow is present in the bubbles, though.
  • the particles have round or spherical shape. Then, regarding some properties, the particles behave like a liquid when they are flowing.
  • an average particle size is between 100 ⁇ and 400 ⁇ , and is preferably about 200 ⁇ .
  • This particle size is advantageous, because particles of this size have a suitable ratio between their weight and their surface area. An optimum is around 200 ⁇ . Therefore, they are conveyed with a suitable speed through the gas bubbles. If this speed was too low, the bubbles move very slowly through the adjacent particle area. If this speed was too high, too much conveyance of the particles takes place.
  • the particle are lightweight particles which have for example a specific density of less than 2g/cm 3 . This is advantageous for an efficient particle flow.
  • C0 2 is extracted from a gas mixture, especially from a flue gas, wherein adsorbent particles for C0 2 are used, particularly carbon particles.
  • an adsorber for extracting a gas component from a gas mixture by adsorbent particles.
  • the features of the methods described above can also be realised in an adsorber or an adsorbing system as described below.
  • the adsorber can be configured to carry out a method as described above.
  • the adsorber comprises a adsorption space which is filled with particles.
  • the adsorption space is located in a tube or between parallel walls.
  • the adsorption space comprises a bubble outlet in order to inject bubbles into the adsorption space.
  • the gas bubble outlet can be opened and closed.
  • the bubble outlet is arranged at one end area of the adsorption space.
  • the end of the adsorption space with the bubble outlet is the end of the adsorption space which, in operation, is arranged further in direction of gravity.
  • An advantage of such an adsorber is that adsorbing can take place in the adsorber, whereas stripping can take place in other parts of a gas extraction system.
  • the adsorber can be used independently and delivers gas laden particles which can be processed elsewhere.
  • an inner tube in order to create an adsorption space, in an outer tube, an inner tube can be arranged.
  • the adsorption space is created between the inner wall of the outer tube and the outer wall of the inner tube.
  • the gas bubble outlet is arranged between the inner wall of the tube and the outer wall of the inner tube.
  • the gas bubble outlet is thus arranged at an annular clearance between the inner diameter of the outer tube and the outer diameter of the inner tube. In operation, this clearance is filled with particles and gas mixture in order to carry out adsorption in this space.
  • An inner diameter of the tube and/or a difference between a radius of the tube and a radius of the inner tube is greater than 1mm and smaller than 50mm. With these dimensions, the flow of particles and gas mixture with the formation of bubbles as described above, it is possible.
  • the inner diameter of the tube and/or a difference between a radius of the tube and a radius of the inner tube is greater than 20mm and smaller than 40mm. In this range, the flow of particles and gas mixture is particularly effective for gas adsorption.
  • the adsorber can comprise a particle inlet.
  • the particle inlet is arranged from the bubble outlet towards the end, at which the bubble outlet is not arranged. This end is, in operation, preferably the higher end.
  • the particle inlet is, in operation, preferably inclined in respect to gravity by less than 90° minus the angle of repose of the absorbent particles.
  • the angle of repose of the adsorbent particles is can be 19° ⁇ 6° for rounded carbon particles with a diameter between 20 ⁇ and 1mm. With this arrangement, particles can be conveyed by gravity through the particle inlet to the adsorption space.
  • the particles in the particle inlet can be conveyed independently from gravity by creating a flow of the particles by introducing gas mixture in the way as it has been described above in regard of the flow for the adsorption process.
  • the gas bubble outlet can be integrated into the particle inlet, preferably at a point at which the particles are conveyed to the particle inlet.
  • at least a part of the content or preferably the whole content of the particle inlet is fluidised and can be conveyed to the adsorption space of the absorber.
  • the same conditions as described above can be used for fluidisation.
  • the particles behave similar to a fluid.
  • the features of pneumatic transport in the particle inlet as described above can also be features of a separate method claim.
  • a particle outlet is arranged at a region at the top of the extraction section of the adsorption space.
  • the particle outlet can comprise a particle arrester. Normally, the particles cannot pass the particle arrester.
  • the particle arrester preferably has the form of a mesh.
  • a gas extraction system for extracting a gas component from a gas mixture by adsorbent particles. It can have the features of the adsorber which have been described above.
  • the adsorbers are preferably arranged in parallel and as a bundle. Preferably, their ends are aligned.
  • the adsorbing system can work according to one of the methods described above and can have features described in this context.
  • the adsorbing system comprises a plurality of adsorbers as described above.
  • other adsorbing systems can comprise a stripping device for stripping the extracted gas from the particles.
  • the adsorbing system also comprises a regeneration device for the particles and a feedback path for the particles from the particle outlet over the stripping device and the regeneration device to the particle inlet.
  • a collector At an upper end of the adsorption space which can for example be distributed inside a plurality of tubes of between a plurality of walls, a collector can be arranged which is attached to each of the adsorbers. It collects the particles that are conveyed through more than one of the single adsorption spaces in order to lead them to the stripping device.
  • the word "upper” is to be understood in operation and in regard of gravity.
  • the particles are used in the adsorber, taken from the adsorber to stripping and recycling and fed and back to the adsorber again.
  • a time for one such passage can be for example about 2 minutes.
  • the stripping can take place according to standard methods, for example using steam to release the extract the adsorbed gas from the particles.
  • the steam can then be condensed by a standard heat exchanger such that the extracted gas can be removed from the gas extraction system.
  • the particles can then be dried and cooled to be ready to be fed to the adsorber again.
  • the extracted gas can also be cooled after removing.
  • the heat from the cooling processes can be recycled for heating up the gas laden particles.
  • Heat exchangers can be standard type heat exchangers.
  • the gas extraction system preferably comprises a gas distributor to which a gas mixture supply is attachable.
  • the gas distributor distributes the gas mixture to the adsorbers.
  • the distributor comprises at least one, preferably exactly one, gas bubble outlet for each adsorption space which can be an adsorber tube.
  • the distributor is attached to the lower end of each adsorption space that it supplies.
  • the distributor can have as a central element a plate with holes that act as bubble outlets.
  • the gas extraction system comprises a pressure difference valve for conveying particles in the feedback path from the particle outlet to the stripping device.
  • a pressure difference valve for conveying particles in the feedback path from the particle outlet to the stripping device.
  • the gas extraction system comprises a valve for conveying particles in the feedback path from the regeneration device to the particle inlet, wherein the valves preferably are rotary valves. This enables the feedback of particles to the adsorber even when there are pressure differences between the adsorber and the regeneration device.
  • the gas extraction system comprises a pressure difference valve for conveying particles in the feedback path from the particle outlet to the stripping device.
  • the valve is preferably a rotary valve.
  • Fig. 1 a schematic representation of an adsorption space with fluidised particle feeding in operation, wherein the bubble outlet is closed,
  • Fig. 2 a schematic representation of an adsorber with fluidised particle feeding in operation, wherein the bubble outlet is open,
  • FIG. 2A the schematic representation of Fig. 2, but with gravity particle feeding
  • Fig. 2B a schematic representation of a bubble outlet with a lid
  • Fig. 3 a schematic representation of a gas extraction system comprising adsorbers according to the invention
  • Fig. 4 a schematic representation of a stripping and particle regeneration device
  • Fig. 5A a schematic representation of a gas distributor in a top view
  • Fig. 5B a schematic representation of the gas distributor of Fig. 5 A in a cross-section through the bubble outlets
  • Fig. 5C a schematic representation of the gas distributor of Fig. 5 A in a cross-section through fastening screws in a gas inlet element and a bubble outlet carrier which are part of the gas distributor,
  • Fig. 6 a schematic representation of a lower end area of an adsorber comprising tubes which are arranged inside of each other, and
  • Fig. 7 a schematic representation of a lower end area of an adsorber comprising straight walls which enclose adsorption spaces.
  • Figure 1 shows in a schematic representation a part of an adsorption space AS between two walls 1 of an adsorber 10 according to the invention.
  • the adsorption space AS is preferably enclosed by a tube that has a circular cross- section with a diameter D.
  • the reference sign D can also mean a distance D between two walls 1 with the adsorption space AS in between. These walls 1 can be parallel and can belong to straight or bent walls 1 of a slot-like adsorption space AS.
  • the adsorber 10 is operated in a position in which a longitudinal direction of flow of gas mixture GM through the adsorption space is oriented in the direction of gravity G.
  • the part of the adsorber 10 that is shown in Figure 1 is the lower part of an adsorption space AS, the word “lower” being meant in regard of the direction of gravity.
  • the walls 1 are attached to a bubble outlet carrier 11 with its lower end in a gas tight manner.
  • a bubble outlet 12 is arranged in the bubble outlet carrier 11 .
  • the bubble outlet 12 is depicted very
  • FIG. 1 schematically in Figure 1 , whereas the details are shown in Fig. 2B.
  • the outlet is shown in a closed state.
  • the particles P at the outlet 12 form a particle area PA.
  • particle areas PA and gas bubbles GB alternate.
  • the particles in the gas bubbles GB fall from the particle area PA above it through the gas bubble GB towards the particle area PA below the gas bubble GB. In this way, the gas bubble GB moves through the particles.
  • the movement of the particles P in the gas bubbles GB is effected by gravity.
  • the border between the upper end of the gas bubbles and the adjacent particle area has the shape of a dome. This results from particles supporting each other at the borderline. Support is worse at the outer rims of the dome such that more particles are present in the border area to the walls 1 than in the centre of a bubble.
  • the adsorber 10 comprises a particle inlet 13 which, in this example, has the form of a tube.
  • the particle inlet 13 is arranged in a lower end area of 14 of the adsorption space AS and at the border to a gas component extraction section 15.
  • the particle inlet 13 is oriented in a horizontal direction. This means, that particles P in the particle inlet 13 block each other because they are not arranged steeper than the angle of repose.
  • a separate bubble outlet 24 for the particle inlet 13 is arranged at the end of the particle inlet which is opposed to the end of the particle inlet 13 at the wall 1.
  • the particles P in the particle inlet 13 are fluidised and conveyed in direction to the wall 1.
  • the particles can enter the adsorption space and permeate the additional particles P can enter the adsorption space AS even when a particle area is in front of the mouth of the particle inlet to the adsorption space AS. It is also possible to convey the particles P against gravity G in the particle inlet 13.
  • Figure 1 A shows an alternative solution for conveying particles P through the adsorption space AS.
  • the orientation of the article in the 13 is steeper than the angle of repose such that particles P flow through the particle inlet 13 by gravity.
  • the remaining features of Figure 1 A correspond to the features of Figure 1.
  • FIG 2 corresponds to Figure 1 in many respects. Same features are indicated by the same reference signs. Features that have already been described in regard of Figure 1, are not described once again. Please refer to the description of Figure 1.
  • Figure 2 shows the adsorber 10 in a state, in which a gas bubble GB is generated.
  • the pressure of the gas mixture GM on the side of the bubble outlet carrier 11 that this opposite to the adsorption space AS, is higher in comparison to Figure 1.
  • a particle area is shown at the opening of the particle inlet 13 into the adsorption space AS.
  • the particles are fluidised also in the particle areas PA, it is possible that particles P from the particle in lead 13 are conveyed into the particle areas PA.
  • Figure 2 A an alternative solution for conveying particles P through the adsorption space AS is shown.
  • the solution is the same as in Figure 1 A, which means that the orientation of the particle inlet 13 is steeper than the angle of repose such that particles P flow through the particle inlet 13 by gravity.
  • the remaining features of Figure 2 A correspond to the features of Figure 2.
  • Figure 2B shows a detail of Figures 1, 2 and 2A comprising the low-end of the adsorption space AS and the bubble outlet 12.
  • the bubble outlet 12 is arranged at the lower end of the adsorption space AS.
  • the bubble outlet 12 comprises a hole 19, 20 which has an upper hole part 19 and a lower hole part 20.
  • the hole 19, 20 is a through hole through the bubble outlet carrier 11.
  • the hole 19, 20 is arranged for flowing gas mixture GM into the adsorption space AS, as shown by two arrows in Figure 2B.
  • the lower hole part 20 can be cylindrical or elongated in a direction perpendicular to the plane of projection.
  • a lid 17 is arranged in the upper hole part 19, a lid 17 is arranged.
  • the upper hole part 19 has, in the plane of projection as well as perpendicular thereto, a greater dimension than the lower hole part 20. Therefore, an intermediate plane 21 is arranged at the ground of the upper hole part 19.
  • the intermediate plane 21 can be inclined towards the lower hole part 20 such that particles which reach the intermediate plane 21 are prevented from easily reaching the lower hole part 20.
  • an inclination angle i of the intermediate plane 21 is smaller than the angle of repose of the particles, for example less than 30° for typical particles and particularly less than 19° which is the angle of repose of carbon particles which are able to constitute a particle fluid.
  • the lid 17 has the lower surface which preferably has the same form and inclination as the intermediate plane 21.
  • the lower surface of the lid 17 is settled on the intermediate plane 21, it closes the lower hole part 20.
  • the supply of gas mixture GB is stopped and the particles start falling on the lid 17 which press the lid 17 on the intermediate surface 21 additionally to the weight of the lid 17.
  • the top surface of the lid 17 is preferably inclined at an angle a 2 that is greater than the angle of repose of the particles which has been defined above.
  • the top of the lid 17 is pointed. In this way, particles can not accumulate on the top of the lid 17, but roll down to its side and fill the gap between the lid 17 and the upper hole part 19. In this position, the particles also exert downward pressure on the lid 17.
  • the gas mixture GM cannot flow through the hole 19, 20 any more, the pressure of the gas mixture increases until it is able to lift up the lid 17 against its weight and the weight of the particles on it.
  • the upward movement of the lid 17 is stopped by stoppers 18, in case of our circular hole 19, 20 for example by three stoppers 18 as shown in Figure 2B.
  • the gas mixture GM can leave the lower hole part 20 by a path between the lower surface of the lid 17 and the intermediate surface 21.
  • the gas mixture GM hits the particles between the lid and a side wall 22 of the upper hole part 19 and blows them up. In this way, a new gas bubble GB is created. In this way, the particles are conveyed through the adsorption space AS.
  • the hole 19, 20 can be a circular hole, especially if the adsorption space is a tube that has a circular cross section, but it can also have another shape, for example a rectangular shape, especially if the tube has a rectangular cross- section which can even be elongated, especially if the adsorption space has the form of a slice between two tube walls which can also be oriented in
  • the two walls 1 shown in Figure 1 can also be the walls 1 of two tubes which are arranged one in another or walls 1 made of two plates which are arranged parallel to each other.
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic representation of gas extraction system 100 that comprises a bundle of adsorbers of the type which is shown in the figures 1 and 2.
  • the walls 1 arranged in parallel to each other such they encompass adsorption spaces AS between them.
  • the walls 1 which might be walls of tubes or plates are mounted on a common bubble outlet carrier 11.
  • the bubble outlet carrier 11 comprises at least one bubble outlet 12 for each adsorption space AS.
  • the bubble outlets 12 each are arranged between two walls 1.
  • the bubble outlet carrier 11 is connected to a gas mixture supply 110 which distributes the gas mixture GM to the single bubble outlets 12. Between the walls 1, the processes concerning the generation of gas bubbles in the adsorption space AS as described above take place. Additional particles P can be introduced into the adsorption space AS by particle inlets 13.
  • Particles P can be supplied to this particle supply line by a valve 120 which is capable to transfer particles P between two regions with different pressures.
  • This valve 120 can for example be a rotating valve.
  • a collector 150 is arranged such that gas and particles exiting from the adsorption spaces AS received by the collector 150.
  • the collector 150 separates gas and particles by gravity.
  • Particles can leave the collector 150 by a particle outlet 190.
  • the gas can pass through a mesh 160 which retains particles such that remaining gas RG can leave the gas extraction system 100 through an exhaust 170.
  • the particles can be conveyed to a stripping and particle regeneration device 180 by valve 140.
  • This valve 140 is capable to transfer particles P between two regions with different pressures and can for example be a rotating valve.
  • the stripping and particle regeneration device 180 which works according to the state of art, the extracted gas component GC is stripped from the particles and conveyed out of the gas extraction system 100. The particles are dried and cooled such that they are ready for adsorbing the gas component GC in an extraction section 15 of the adsorption spaces AS.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic representation of the stripping and particle regeneration device 180.
  • the stripping and particle regeneration device 180 has a particle input 1801, a particle output 1811 and a gas component output 1809. From the particle input 1801, particles P enter an input heat exchanger 1802 which is preferably a plate heat exchanger.
  • the particles P can be heated with heat which is recovered at cooling processes at other places in the stripping and particle regeneration device 180. Heating can take place by supplying heated water HW and retrieving cooled water CW in countercurrent to the particle flow direction.
  • the particles P can further be heated up by steam S which condenses on the particles and can be recovered again as a condensate C.
  • the heating of the particles P effects that the gas component GC is released from the particles P.
  • the mixture of particles P and the gas component GC leaves the first heat exchanger 1802 by the lead 1803.
  • the gas component GC is separated from the particles P and led through a line 1806 to a gas heat exchanger 1808 in which the gas component GC is cooled.
  • the gas component GC leaves the stripping and particle regeneration device 180 at the gas component output 1809.
  • the stripped particles P led from the location 1805 to a second heat exchange are 1810 by early lead 1807 in which the particles P regenerated for further use in the adsorber.
  • the particles P are dried in a first stage, wherein remaining water RW is extracted from the exchanger 1810.
  • the particles P are cooled by cool water CW which is supplied to the second heat exchanger 1810 in countercurrent to the particle flow and which is retrieved as heated water HW from the second exchanger 1810. After drying and cooling, the particles P leave the second heat exchanger 1810 through the particle outlet 1811 to be reused in the gas extraction system.
  • Figure 5 A shows a schematic representation of a gas distributor 110 from the side at which it is to be connected with adsorption spaces, preferably in tubes which preferably have circular cross section. This side is the top face in operation.
  • the adsorption spaces are not shown in the Figures 5A, 5B and 5C.
  • This gas distributor 110 is provided for supplying four adsorption spaces which preferably are tubes.
  • the maximum throughput of gas mixture of a gas extraction system can be adjusted by the number of tubes.
  • the embodiment as shown in Figures 5A, 5B and 5C is only one example.
  • the adsorption can take place between two elongated parallel walls.
  • the gas distributor 110 comprises a bubble outlet carrier 11.
  • four round tube reception holes 113 are countersunk which also act as upper hole part of the bubble outlet 12.
  • the bottom of the tube reception holes 113 are formed by gas bubble outlets 12, respectively.
  • one gas supply hole 112 is arranged in each of the gas bubble outlets 12.
  • the gas distributor 110 has a circular cross-section.
  • the bubble outlet carrier 11 is arranged to receive one tube in each of the gas supply holes 112.
  • a ring shaped sealing 114 is arranged in each gas supply hole 112.
  • the gas distributor can also supply one or more adsorption spaces that is/are arranged between two parallel walls that are not shown in Figure 5A, 5B and 5C.
  • the tube reception holes 113 then do not receive a tube but supple an adsorption space between two walls.
  • FIG 5B shows a schematic representation of the gas distributor 110 which is also shown in Figure 5 A.
  • the gas distributor 110 comprises a bubble outlet carrier 11 and a gas supply part 111.
  • the gas supply part 111 can have a cylindrical cross-section, preferably with the same diameter as the bubble outlet carrier 11 which can also have a cylindrical cross section. In this way, a compact gas distributor 110 is provided.
  • a gas line connection hole 115 is arranged at which the gas distributor 110 can be supplied with gas mixture GM. From the gas line connection hole 115 in direction to the holes 113 in the bubble outlet carrier 11, an intermediate opening 116 is arranged between the gas supply part 111 and the bubble outlet carrier 11.
  • the gas mixture passes this intermediate opening 116 in which the gas mixture GM is split up to supply different bubble outlets 12.
  • the intermediate opening 116 is connected to the end of the connection hole 115 and the gas supplies holes 112.
  • the gas supply holes 112 are arranged in the same longitudinal direction as the tube reception holes 113.
  • the tube reception holes 113 have the same cross-section as the tubes which shall be received and preferably have a circular cross-section. As stated above, they can alternatively act as upper hole part for supplying an adsorption space between walls.
  • the gas supply holes 112 are arranged eccentrically in regard of the middle of the tube reception holes 113 and the bubble outlets 12. Inside of each of the tube reception holes 113, a
  • a ring shaped sealing 114 is arranged into which a ring shaped sealing 114 is arranged, respectively.
  • the sealing is suitable to seal the tubes which are not shown in Figure 5B against the bubble outlet carrier 11. Lids of the bubble outlets as shown in Fig. 2B are not shown in Fig. 5B but might be used here in the same way, too.
  • Figure 5C shows a schematic representation of the gas distributor 110 in cross-section which is perpendicular to that in Figure 5B.
  • the gas supply part 111 and the bubble outlet carrier 11 are shown connected to each other.
  • the gas supply part 111 and the bubble outlet carrier 11 are connected by screws 117.
  • one threaded hole for each screw is arranged in the bubble outlet carrier 11.
  • the screws 117 are accessible from the surface at which a gas supply line can be attached to the gas line connection hole 115. Between the gas supply part 111 and the bubble outlet carrier 11, the intermediate opening 116 is visible.
  • Figure 6 shows a schematic representation of a lower end area 14 of an adsorber comprising tubes which are arranged inside of each other.
  • the tubes act as walls 1 to enclose adsorption spaces AS.
  • Two neighbouring walls 1 form opposing borders of an absorption space AS. Though the walls 1 are bent, the absorption spaces AS are preferably delimited in a parallel manner. This is possible when all tubes are centred to each other.
  • the walls 1 are arranged on a bubble outlet carrier 11. In this bubble outlet carrier 11 , at the bottom of each absorbing space AS, at least one bubble outlet is arranged. The bubble outlets are not shown in Figure 6.
  • Figure 7 shows a schematic representation of a lower end area 14 of an adsorber comprising a walls 1 which are arranged in parallel. Between each wall 1 , and its neighbouring wall 1 , an adsorption space AS arranged. The sides of the adsorber and thus also the sides of the adsorption spaces AS are closed by side plates 23. The walls 1 are arranged on top of a bubble outlet carrier 11. The bubble outlet carrier 11 comprises at the bottom of each absorbing space AS, at least one bubble outlet. The bubble outlets are not shown in Figure 7.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Separation Of Gases By Adsorption (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé destiné à extraire un constituant gazeux (GC) d'un mélange gazeux (GM) au moyen de particules adsorbantes (P), les particules (P) et le mélange gazeux (GM) s'écoulant à travers un espace d'adsorption (AS) servant à l'adsorption du constituant gazeux au niveau des particules (P), qui est bordé sur deux côtés opposés par au moins une paroi (1), le mélange gazeux (GM) et les particules (P) ayant la même direction d'écoulement générale à travers l'espace d'adsorption (AS), des bulles de gaz (GB) étant présentes dans l'espace d'adsorption (AS), qui sont séparées par des zones de particules (PA) et qui ont une densité de particule inférieure aux zones de particules (PA), et les bulles de gaz (GB) ayant une vitesse plus élevée à travers l'espace d'adsorption (AS) que les particules (P) dans les zones de particules (PA) entre les bulles de gaz (GB), de telle sorte que les particules (P) se déplacent à travers les bulles de gaz (GB) depuis une zone de particules (PA) proche d'une bulle de gaz (GB) sur un côté en sens inverse de la direction de gravité (G) vers une autre zone de particules (PA) proche de cette bulle de gaz (GB) dans la direction de gravité (G). En outre, l'invention concerne un adsorbeur (10) et un système d'extraction de gaz (100).
PCT/EP2016/081312 2015-12-17 2016-12-15 Procédé d'extraction de gaz au moyen de particules adsorbantes, adsorbeur et système d'extraction de gaz Ceased WO2017103023A1 (fr)

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EP15200676 2015-12-17
EP15200676.3 2015-12-17

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WO2017103023A1 true WO2017103023A1 (fr) 2017-06-22

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Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH374332A (de) * 1959-04-27 1963-12-31 Gen Am Transport Wirbelschichtbehälter
GB1128393A (en) * 1966-06-29 1968-09-25 Chemokomplex Vegyipari Gep Es Concentrically disposed adsorption apparatus for continuous operation
WO1979000009A1 (fr) * 1977-06-23 1979-01-11 J Berggren Methode et appareil pour la mise en oeuvre de procedes chimiques et/ou physiques dans un lit fluidise
US5806206A (en) * 1997-08-22 1998-09-15 Osram Sylvania Inc. Gas distributor for vertical gas/solid reactors
US6294501B1 (en) * 1998-03-09 2001-09-25 Alliedsignal Inc. Special adsorbent for carbon dioxide acquisition on mars
DE20313713U1 (de) * 2003-09-04 2004-09-02 Elektro-Landtechnik Lammers Gmbh Vorrichtung zum Reinigen von Abluft aus landwirtschaftlichen Anlagen
EP2596848A1 (fr) * 2011-11-24 2013-05-29 Korea Institute of Energy Research Dispositif de capture de dioxyde de carbone à sec avec structure d'alimentation à plusieurs étages
US20130291721A1 (en) * 2012-04-11 2013-11-07 ADA-ES, Inc. Fluidized bed method and system for gas component capture using low pressure drop distributor
WO2015052726A1 (fr) * 2013-10-09 2015-04-16 Reliance Industries Limited Système de compression unique et procédé de capture de dioxyde de carbone
EP2881169A1 (fr) * 2013-12-04 2015-06-10 Basf Se Buse de distribution de gaz

Patent Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH374332A (de) * 1959-04-27 1963-12-31 Gen Am Transport Wirbelschichtbehälter
GB1128393A (en) * 1966-06-29 1968-09-25 Chemokomplex Vegyipari Gep Es Concentrically disposed adsorption apparatus for continuous operation
WO1979000009A1 (fr) * 1977-06-23 1979-01-11 J Berggren Methode et appareil pour la mise en oeuvre de procedes chimiques et/ou physiques dans un lit fluidise
US5806206A (en) * 1997-08-22 1998-09-15 Osram Sylvania Inc. Gas distributor for vertical gas/solid reactors
US6294501B1 (en) * 1998-03-09 2001-09-25 Alliedsignal Inc. Special adsorbent for carbon dioxide acquisition on mars
DE20313713U1 (de) * 2003-09-04 2004-09-02 Elektro-Landtechnik Lammers Gmbh Vorrichtung zum Reinigen von Abluft aus landwirtschaftlichen Anlagen
EP2596848A1 (fr) * 2011-11-24 2013-05-29 Korea Institute of Energy Research Dispositif de capture de dioxyde de carbone à sec avec structure d'alimentation à plusieurs étages
US20130291721A1 (en) * 2012-04-11 2013-11-07 ADA-ES, Inc. Fluidized bed method and system for gas component capture using low pressure drop distributor
WO2015052726A1 (fr) * 2013-10-09 2015-04-16 Reliance Industries Limited Système de compression unique et procédé de capture de dioxyde de carbone
EP2881169A1 (fr) * 2013-12-04 2015-06-10 Basf Se Buse de distribution de gaz

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