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WO2017181590A1 - 显示装置及显示方法 - Google Patents

显示装置及显示方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017181590A1
WO2017181590A1 PCT/CN2016/100149 CN2016100149W WO2017181590A1 WO 2017181590 A1 WO2017181590 A1 WO 2017181590A1 CN 2016100149 W CN2016100149 W CN 2016100149W WO 2017181590 A1 WO2017181590 A1 WO 2017181590A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
lens
display
display device
liquid crystal
substrate
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2016/100149
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
李文波
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
BOE Technology Group Co Ltd
Original Assignee
BOE Technology Group Co Ltd
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by BOE Technology Group Co Ltd filed Critical BOE Technology Group Co Ltd
Priority to US15/537,575 priority Critical patent/US10690990B2/en
Publication of WO2017181590A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017181590A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/29—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the position or the direction of light beams, i.e. deflection
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09F—DISPLAYING; ADVERTISING; SIGNS; LABELS OR NAME-PLATES; SEALS
    • G09F9/00—Indicating arrangements for variable information in which the information is built-up on a support by selection or combination of individual elements
    • G09F9/30—Indicating arrangements for variable information in which the information is built-up on a support by selection or combination of individual elements in which the desired character or characters are formed by combining individual elements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/0093—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 with means for monitoring data relating to the user, e.g. head-tracking, eye-tracking
    • G—PHYSICS
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    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G02B27/017—Head mounted
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G02B27/017—Head mounted
    • G02B27/0172—Head mounted characterised by optical features
    • G—PHYSICS
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    • G02C—SPECTACLES; SUNGLASSES OR GOGGLES INSOFAR AS THEY HAVE THE SAME FEATURES AS SPECTACLES; CONTACT LENSES
    • G02C7/00—Optical parts
    • G02C7/02—Lenses; Lens systems ; Methods of designing lenses
    • G02C7/08—Auxiliary lenses; Arrangements for varying focal length
    • G02C7/081—Ophthalmic lenses with variable focal length
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/133528—Polarisers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1347—Arrangement of liquid crystal layers or cells in which the final condition of one light beam is achieved by the addition of the effects of two or more layers or cells
    • G02F1/13471—Arrangement of liquid crystal layers or cells in which the final condition of one light beam is achieved by the addition of the effects of two or more layers or cells in which all the liquid crystal cells or layers remain transparent, e.g. FLC, ECB, DAP, HAN, TN, STN, SBE-LC cells
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G02B27/0101—Head-up displays characterised by optical features
    • G02B2027/0138—Head-up displays characterised by optical features comprising image capture systems, e.g. camera
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G02B27/0179—Display position adjusting means not related to the information to be displayed
    • G02B2027/0181—Adaptation to the pilot/driver
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02C—SPECTACLES; SUNGLASSES OR GOGGLES INSOFAR AS THEY HAVE THE SAME FEATURES AS SPECTACLES; CONTACT LENSES
    • G02C7/00—Optical parts
    • G02C7/02—Lenses; Lens systems ; Methods of designing lenses
    • G02C7/08—Auxiliary lenses; Arrangements for varying focal length
    • G02C7/081—Ophthalmic lenses with variable focal length
    • G02C7/083—Electrooptic lenses
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1343—Electrodes
    • G02F1/134309—Electrodes characterised by their geometrical arrangement
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/29—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the position or the direction of light beams, i.e. deflection
    • G02F1/294—Variable focal length devices
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G2300/00—Aspects of the constitution of display devices
    • G09G2300/04—Structural and physical details of display devices
    • G09G2300/0469—Details of the physics of pixel operation
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G2320/00—Control of display operating conditions
    • G09G2320/08—Arrangements within a display terminal for setting, manually or automatically, display parameters of the display terminal
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G2354/00—Aspects of interface with display user
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
    • G09G3/001—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes using specific devices not provided for in groups G09G3/02 - G09G3/36, e.g. using an intermediate record carrier such as a film slide; Projection systems; Display of non-alphanumerical information, solely or in combination with alphanumerical information, e.g. digital display on projected diapositive as background
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
    • G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
    • G09G3/34—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source
    • G09G3/36—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source using liquid crystals

Definitions

  • Embodiments of the present invention relate to a display device and a display method.
  • Virtual reality technology refers to virtualizing a real scene and generating a three-dimensional virtual real-time image, and then combining the three-dimensional virtual real-time image with other virtual images to form a combined image and presenting it to the viewer through the display device.
  • the virtual reality helmet is a relatively mature application in virtual reality technology.
  • the helmet is internally equipped with a helmet display corresponding to the left and right eyes of the user.
  • the two helmet displays can respectively display images with different visual angles, and the viewer obtains the image. Visually differentiate the image to obtain visual enjoyment of the immersive 3D virtual image.
  • At least one embodiment of the present invention provides a display device and a display method to improve the comfort of a head mounted virtual reality device or to provide a non-head mounted display device having an anti-spy function.
  • At least one embodiment of the present invention provides a display device including: a display assembly having a display area and configured to emit imaging light from the display area to a preset direction; and a refractive component disposed on the display A display side of the component and configured to divergence or converge at least a portion of the imaged light.
  • At least one embodiment of the present invention also provides a display method including: from a display component The display area emits imaging light in a predetermined direction; and at least a portion of the imaging light is diverged or concentrated by the refractive component.
  • the refractive component is disposed on a display side of the display assembly.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a display device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2a is a schematic diagram of a display device in which a refractive component is a liquid crystal lens and a display component is a liquid crystal display component;
  • FIG. 2b is another schematic diagram of a display device in which a refractive component is a liquid crystal lens and a display component is a liquid crystal display component according to an embodiment of the invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the principle of realizing a convex lens when the refractive component is a liquid crystal lens in the display device according to an embodiment of the invention
  • 3b is a schematic diagram showing the principle of realizing a concave lens when the refractive component is a liquid crystal lens in the display device according to an embodiment of the invention
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a refractive component including a plurality of independent lenses in a display device according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a display device including a distance adjustment mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a display device including a detecting device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a flowchart of realizing automatic adjustment of diopter by a display device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a display device according to an embodiment of the present invention as a head mounted display device.
  • At least one embodiment of the present invention provides a display device and a display method, which are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
  • At least one embodiment of the present invention provides a display device including a display assembly 1 and a refractive assembly 2.
  • the display assembly 1 has a display area and is configured to emit imaging light from the display area in a predetermined direction; the refractive component 2 is disposed on the display side of the display assembly 1 and is configured to divergence or converge at least a portion of the imaged light.
  • the display device provided by the embodiment of the present invention may be a head mounted display device, such as a head mounted virtual reality device.
  • a head mounted display device such as a head mounted virtual reality device.
  • at least part of the imaging light emitted by the display component can be diverged by the refractive component, so that the refractive component can function as a near vision mirror; at least part of the imaging light emitted by the refractive component to the display component
  • the convergence is performed so that the refractive component can function as a far vision mirror accordingly. This allows the near-sighted or far-sighted viewer to use the head-mounted display device without wearing a corresponding near-mirror or far-sighted mirror, thereby improving the comfort of the head-mounted display device.
  • the display device provided by the embodiment of the invention may also be a non-head mounted display device, which has the unexpected technical effect of the anti-spy function.
  • a viewer of myopia can see the information on the display area of the display component without wearing a near-mirror; the viewer of normal vision is diopter due to its vision and refractive component (the diopter is the unit of the refractive power, expressed in D)
  • the diopter is the unit of the refractive power, expressed in D
  • the information on the display area of the display component cannot be seen without matching, so that the display device has privacy protection.
  • the display component can be a liquid crystal display, an OLED (Organic Light Emitting Diode) display, or any other type of product or component having a display function.
  • OLED Organic Light Emitting Diode
  • the display component can be a three-dimensional display component for displaying a three-dimensional image, in which case the user can see the three-dimensional image while viewing the display device provided by the embodiment of the present invention.
  • the three-dimensional display component may include a display panel and a grating (raster) stacked with the display panel For example, it is disposed on the display side or the back side of the display panel.
  • the three-dimensional display component can emit light that enters only the left eye of the user and only enters the light of the user's right eye to realize three-dimensional display.
  • the grating can be a liquid crystal grating, a cylindrical lens grating, or a parallax barrier, and embodiments of the grating include, but are not limited to, the types listed.
  • Embodiments of the display assembly include, but are not limited to, a stereoscopic display assembly.
  • the display component can also be a two-dimensional display component for displaying a two-dimensional image.
  • the user can see the two-dimensional image when viewing the display device provided by the embodiment of the present invention; for example, the display component can also Switchable display components for 2D/3D.
  • the refractive component 2 is configured to adjust the degree of divergence or convergence of at least a portion of the imaged light. That is to say, the diopter of the refractive component 2 can be adjusted.
  • such an arrangement allows the display device to be used for a plurality of viewers with different visual acuity; on the other hand, such an arrangement allows the diopter of the refractive component to be adjusted according to the viewing experience of the same viewer.
  • the refractive component 2 can be a liquid crystal lens.
  • the refractive index component 2 can also employ other refractive index gradient lenses.
  • the refractive component using the liquid crystal lens in the display device provided by the embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to FIG. 2a and FIG. 2b.
  • the liquid crystal lens may include a first substrate 51 and a second substrate 55 which are disposed opposite to each other, and are disposed on the two substrates 51 and 55.
  • the first electrode 52 and the second electrode 54 are spaced apart from each other, and at least one of the first electrode 52 and the second electrode 54 includes a plurality of sub-spaced members
  • the electrode by applying a different voltage to the plurality of sub-electrodes, causes the deflection states of the liquid crystal molecules in different regions in the liquid crystal layer 53 to be different, thereby causing the liquid crystal layer 53 to generate a refractive index gradient.
  • the first electrode 52 includes a plurality of sub-electrodes 52a spaced apart from each other, such as at least three sub-electrodes 52a.
  • One of the first electrode 51 and the second electrode 54 may be a pixel electrode and the other is a common electrode.
  • the arrows in Figures 2a and 2b represent the imaging light emitted by display assembly 1.
  • the liquid crystal lens further includes alignment films 53a and 53b disposed on both sides of the liquid crystal layer 53, and the surfaces of the alignment films 53a and 53b facing the liquid crystal layer 53 are substantially planar. As shown in Figure 2a.
  • other structures may be provided in the liquid crystal lens.
  • an insulating layer may be provided between each of the alignment films and the electrodes covered thereby.
  • the first electrode 52 may be disposed on the first substrate 51, and the second electrode 54 may be disposed on the first substrate On the second substrate 55.
  • the initial orientation of the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer 53 is, for example, oriented parallel to the substrate (for example, a glass substrate, a quartz substrate, or a plastic substrate) and the alignment direction thereof coincides with the transmission axis direction of the polarizing plate 56.
  • the first electrode 52 and the second electrode 54 may also be disposed on the same substrate.
  • the initial orientation of the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer may be a vertical orientation by applying different voltages to the plurality of sub-electrodes. The deflection states of the liquid crystal molecules in different regions in the liquid crystal layer are made different.
  • the liquid crystal lens may further include a polarizing plate 56 disposed between the second substrate 55 and the display assembly 1, as shown in FIG. 2a. That is, the polarizing plate 56 is disposed on the side of the second substrate 55 that is away from the first substrate 51.
  • the second substrate 55 may be a polarizing plate as shown in FIG. 2b.
  • the liquid crystal lens and the display assembly 1 may share the polarizing plate 56, that is, the polarization direction of the imaging light emitted by the display unit 1 after passing through the polarizing plate 56 and reaching the liquid crystal layer 53 of the liquid crystal lens.
  • the change of the display device provided by the embodiment of the present invention is improved.
  • the display assembly 1 includes a third substrate 13 disposed opposite to each other (for example, a color filter layer may be disposed on the third substrate) and the fourth substrate 14, and the third substrate 13 and the first substrate
  • the liquid crystal layer 10 between the four substrates 14 is disposed between the polarizing plate 56 and the fourth substrate 14, and is not disposed between the second substrate 55 and the third substrate 13 except the polarizing plate 56.
  • Other polarizing plates so that when the display assembly 1 is a liquid crystal display element, it is not necessary to separately provide a polarizing plate for the display unit 1.
  • the liquid crystal lens may further include a driving unit 57 configured to apply different voltages to different positions of the liquid crystal lens to change the diopter of the liquid crystal lens.
  • the driving unit 57 may be an integrated circuit or other driving circuit.
  • the liquid crystal lens and display assembly 1 can share drive unit 57, as shown in Figure 2b. That is, the driving unit 57 can provide an electrical signal to the liquid crystal lens to realize the concave lens or convex lens function of the liquid crystal lens, and can also provide an electrical signal to the display assembly 1 to realize the display function of the display assembly 1.
  • the degree of integration of the display device provided by the embodiment of the present invention can be improved by sharing the driving unit 57.
  • the display unit 1 may be a liquid crystal display
  • the component can also be other types of display components such as an OLED display component, a quantum dot display component, and the like.
  • embodiments of the liquid crystal lens in the embodiments of the present invention include, but are limited to, the structures shown in FIGS. 2a and 2b.
  • the principle in which the first electrode 52 and the second electrode 54 are respectively disposed on the first substrate 51 and the second substrate 55 will be described, and the principle of realizing the concave lens and the convex lens of the liquid crystal lens will be described.
  • the principle of the liquid crystal lens forming a convex lens is as follows.
  • the driving circuit 57 may apply a voltage to both side edge portions of the liquid crystal layer 53 through the first electrode 52 and the second electrode 54.
  • the refractive component 2 When the external light passes through the refractive component 2, it is first converted into linear polarizing light by the polarizing plate 56, and the polarization direction of the linear polarizing light is consistent with the liquid crystal director direction of the center of the liquid crystal layer 53, and the linearly polarized light is transmitted through the liquid crystal.
  • the refractive index of the layer 53 is n e , and the refractive index of the central portion of the liquid crystal layer 53 is the largest.
  • the electric field at the edge portion of the liquid crystal layer 53 gradually increases and the refractive index gradually decreases in the direction from the central portion to the both side edge portions;
  • the linearly polarized light transmits a refractive index n o through the liquid crystal layer 53, and a minimum refractive index is obtained at the edge portion, thereby forming a refractive index gradient from the central portion to the edge portion.
  • the voltage applied to the liquid crystal molecules can be changed to change the degree of deflection of the liquid crystal molecules, that is, the maximum voltage is applied at the center of the liquid crystal layer 53 at the same position and The opposite effect is obtained by maintaining the original parallel alignment of the edges of the liquid crystal layer 53 without applying a voltage. That is, the refractive index distribution of the liquid crystal layer 53 is the smallest at the center, and the refractive index is larger toward the both sides.
  • the parallel light forms a curved wavefront opposite to the convex lens after passing through the liquid crystal layer 53, causing the polarized light to finally diverge, forming a concave lens, as shown in Fig. 3b. Therefore, the liquid crystal lens can achieve the effect of condensing or diverging light according to the change of the refractive index to realize the function switching of the convex lens and the concave lens.
  • the focal length f r 2 / [(n max - n r ) ⁇ d], where r is the radial distance of the liquid crystal lens from the center to both side edges; d is the cell thickness of the liquid crystal lens; (n max -n r ) is the difference in refractive index between the center and the edges of the liquid crystal lens, and for liquid crystals, the maximum value is (n e -n o ).
  • the cell thickness d of the liquid crystal lens is constant, and therefore, the adjustment of the focal length f of the liquid crystal lens can be realized by changing the value of (n max - n r ). Since the change in the value of (n max -n r ) can be achieved by applying different voltages to change the angle between the director and the optical axis of the liquid crystal molecules, the focal length f of the liquid crystal lens can be adjusted by changing the voltage.
  • the refractive component 2 can also be realized by means of an optical lens group.
  • the refractive assembly 2 may include a first lens 21 and a second lens 22 that are spaced apart from each other, and an adjustment mechanism 24 that is coupled to the first lens 21 and the second lens 22 and configured to The pitch L1 of the first lens 21 and the second lens 22 is adjusted.
  • the direction in which the first lens 21 and the second lens 22 travel along the imaging light of the display assembly eg, as indicated by the arrows in FIG. 4; of course, the direction of propagation of the imaging light may also be opposite to the direction shown in FIG. 4) arrangement.
  • the change in the diopter of the refractive component 2 can be achieved by adjusting the spacing L1 between the first lens 21 and the second lens 22.
  • the adjustment mechanism 24 can employ a combination of a slider and a rail.
  • the adjustment mechanism 24 can include a rail and a plurality of brackets slidable within the rail, the brackets respectively supporting a plurality of lenses included in the refractive assembly 2.
  • the adjustment mechanism 24 can be a thread rotation adjustment mechanism such as that used in a conventional camera or camera lens.
  • the refractive component 2 can be equivalent to one zoom lens.
  • implementations of the adjustment mechanism 24 include, but are not limited to, a combination of a slider and a rail or a thread rotation adjustment mechanism.
  • the refractive component 2 may further include a third lens 23 disposed on a side of the second lens 22 remote from the first lens 21 and spaced apart from the first lens 21 and the second lens 22.
  • the first lens 21, the second lens 22, and the third lens 23 may be sequentially arranged along the propagation direction of the imaging light of the display assembly.
  • the distance between the third lens 23 and the second lens 22 is L2, and the change in the diopter of the refractive unit 2 can also be achieved by adjusting L2.
  • first lens 21 and the second lens 22 may both be convex lenses, and the third lens 23 may be a concave lens.
  • the third lens 23 may be a concave lens.
  • other combinations of meniscus lenses can also be used.
  • the light assembly 2 may include: a dimming unit 2a configured to divergence or converge at least a portion of the imaged light (as indicated by an arrow in FIG. 5); and a distance adjustment mechanism 2b configured to change the diopter unit 2a and display The distance between the display areas 1a of the component 1.
  • a dimming unit 2a configured to divergence or converge at least a portion of the imaged light (as indicated by an arrow in FIG. 5)
  • a distance adjustment mechanism 2b configured to change the diopter unit 2a and display The distance between the display areas 1a of the component 1.
  • the refractive unit 2a may be a liquid crystal lens or include at least one concave lens and/or convex lens.
  • the distance adjustment mechanism 2b may employ a combination of a slider and a rail or a screw rotation adjustment mechanism or other means commonly used in the art.
  • the distance adjusting mechanism 2b and the adjusting mechanism 24 may be the same member.
  • the display device provided by at least one embodiment of the present invention may further include a detecting device 3, which is connected to the refractive component 2; the refractive component 2 is configured to be transmitted according to the detecting device 3.
  • the signal adjusts the degree of divergence or convergence of at least a portion of the imaged light. This allows automatic adjustment of the diopter of the refractive component 2, thereby improving the convenience of diopter adjustment.
  • the detecting device 3 may include an eye detecting device configured to acquire eye information of the user.
  • the eye detecting device may be an eye tracker, an eye potential detecting device, or the like.
  • embodiments of the eye detection device include, but are not limited to, an eye tracker and an eye potential detecting device.
  • the detecting device 3 may also include an electroencephalogram detecting device configured to acquire brain wave information of the user.
  • the brain wave detecting device may be a brain wave detector.
  • embodiments of the brain wave detecting device include, but are not limited to, a brain wave detector.
  • the automatic adjustment process of the diopter of the refractive component will be described by taking the detecting device 3 as an eye detecting device as an example.
  • the eye detecting device can determine whether the user is in a comfortable eye state after completing the eye detection. If it is judged that it is in a comfortable eye condition, it is not necessary to adjust the diopter. If it is determined that the eye condition is not in a comfortable state, an adjustment signal is sent to the refractive component, and then the refractive component adjusts its own diopter according to the received adjustment signal. For example, where the refractive component is a liquid crystal lens, the refractive component adjusts the voltage between the electrodes 52 and 54 (see FIGS.
  • the refractive component adjusts the position of at least one lens according to the adjustment signal (for example, adjusting the position of the first lens in FIG. 4 can change L1 and L1 and L2 And) to achieve adjustment of the diopter; for example, when the refractive component includes the above-described refractive unit and distance adjustment mechanism, the refractive component can adjust the distance between the refractive unit and the display assembly according to the adjustment signal and by the distance adjustment mechanism.
  • the detecting device 3 is an electroencephalogram detecting device or other detecting device
  • the automatic adjustment process of the diopter of the refractive component 2 is similar to the process shown in FIG.
  • the display device provided by the embodiment of the present invention is a head mounted display device (for example, a head mounted virtual reality device), as shown in FIG. 8 , the head mounted display device includes a display component 1 and is disposed on the display component 1 The refractive component 2 of the display side.
  • the circuit, the light source and the like of the display component 1 are usually disposed at the edge of the display component 1; the display component 1 The middle portion is usually an optical waveguide structure.
  • the optical waveguide structure projects light projected by the light source at the edge toward the user's glasses to allow the user to see the image displayed by the display assembly 1.
  • the head mounted display device may further include an eye detecting device 31 and/or an electroencephalogram detecting device 32 and the like, and the diopter of the refractive component 2 can be realized by detecting the signal detected by the detecting device. Automatic adjustment.
  • At least one embodiment of the present invention further provides a display method, taking the display device shown in FIG. 1 as an example, the display method includes: emitting imaging light from a display area of the display component 1 to a preset direction; and The assembly 2 diverges or converges at least a portion of the imaging ray, and the diopter assembly 2 is disposed on the display side of the display assembly 1.
  • the method provided by at least one embodiment of the present invention may further comprise: adjusting a degree of divergence or convergence of the imaged light.
  • the degree of divergence or convergence of the imaging ray can be adjusted by varying the focal length of the refractive component 2, i.e., changing the refracting power of the refractive component 2 to adjust the degree of emission or convergence of the refractive component 2 to the imaging ray.
  • the adjustment manner can be referred to the description of the embodiment of the above display device in conjunction with FIGS. 3a to 4.
  • the degree of divergence or convergence of the imaging light can also be adjusted by varying the distance between the refractive component 2 and the display assembly 1.
  • the distance between the refractive component 2 and the display assembly 1 For the adjustment manner, reference may be made to the description of FIG. 5 in the embodiment of the above display device.
  • the method provided by at least one embodiment of the present invention may further include: acquiring viewing information of the user, the viewing information of the user includes eye information or brain wave information of the user; and adjusting the degree of divergence or convergence of the imaging light according to the viewing information. . This allows automatic adjustment of the degree of emission or convergence of the imaging light.
  • the eye signal of the user can be acquired by the above-described eye detecting device
  • the brain wave information of the user can be acquired by the above-described brain wave detecting device.

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Abstract

一种显示装置及显示方法，显示装置包括显示组件(1)和屈光组件(2)，显示组件(1)具有显示区并且配置为从显示区向预设方向发射成像光线，屈光组件(2)设置在显示组件(1)的显示侧并且配置为对至少部分成像光线进行发散或会聚。提高了头戴式虚拟现实装置的舒适性，或者提供了一种具有防窥功能的非头戴式显示装置。

Description

显示装置及显示方法
对相关申请的交叉参考
本申请要求于2016年4月19日递交的中国专利申请第201610245461.4号的优先权，在此全文引用上述中国专利申请公开的内容以作为本申请的一部分。
技术领域
本发明的实施例涉及一种显示装置及显示方法。
背景技术
虚拟现实技术是指将现实场景虚拟化并生成三维虚拟实时图像，再将三维虚拟实时图像与其他虚拟图像融合形成组合图像后通过显示装置呈现给观看者。目前，虚拟现实头盔是虚拟现实技术中较为成熟的应用，其头盔内部安装有与用户左右眼相对应的头盔显示器，两个头盔显示器能够分别显示带有不同视觉角度的图像，观看者获取这种视觉差异的图像后获得沉浸式的三维虚拟画面的视觉享受。
然而，对于近视眼或远视眼的观看者，在使用虚拟现实头盔等头戴式虚拟现实装置时，还需要戴上相应的近视镜或远视镜，这降低了头戴式虚拟现实装置的舒适度。
发明内容
本发明的至少一个实施例提供一种显示装置及显示方法，以提高头戴式虚拟现实装置的舒适性或者提供一种具有防窥功能的非头戴式显示装置。
本发明的至少一个实施例提供一种显示装置，其包括：显示组件，其具有显示区并且配置为从所述显示区向预设方向发射成像光线；以及屈光组件，其设置在所述显示组件的显示侧并且配置为对至少部分所述成像光线进行发散或会聚。
本发明的至少一个实施例还提供一种显示方法，其包括：从显示组件的 显示区向预设方向发射成像光线；以及通过屈光组件发散或会聚至少部分所述成像光线。在该方法中，所述屈光组件设置在所述显示组件的显示侧。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例的技术方案，下面将对实施例的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅涉及本发明的一些实施例，而非对本发明的限制。
图1为本发明实施例提供的一种显示装置的示意图；
图2a为本发明实施例提供的显示装置中屈光组件为液晶透镜且显示组件为液晶显示组件的示意图；
图2b为本发明实施例提供的显示装置中屈光组件为液晶透镜且显示组件为液晶显示组件的另一示意图；
图3a为本发明实施例提供的显示装置中屈光组件为液晶透镜时实现凸透镜的原理示意图；
图3b为本发明实施例提供的显示装置中屈光组件为液晶透镜时实现凹透镜的原理示意图；
图4为本发明实施例提供的显示装置中屈光组件包括多个独立的透镜的示意图；
图5为本发明实施例提供的显示装置包括距离调整机构的示意图；
图6为本发明实施例提供的显示装置包括检测装置的示意图；
图7为本发明实施例提供的显示装置实现屈光度自动调节的流程图；
图8为本发明实施例提供的显示装置为头戴式显示装置的示意图。
具体实施方式
为使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本发明实施例的附图，对本发明实施例的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述。显然，所描述的实施例是本发明的一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于所描述的本发明的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在无需创造性劳动的前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
除非另外定义，本公开使用的技术术语或者科学术语应当为本发明所属 领域内具有一般技能的人士所理解的通常意义。本公开中使用的“第一”、“第二”以及类似的词语并不表示任何顺序、数量或者重要性，而只是用来区分不同的组成部分。“包括”或者“包含”等类似的词语意指出现该词前面的元件或者物件涵盖出现在该词后面列举的元件或者物件及其等同，而不排除其他元件或者物件。“连接”或者“相连”等类似的词语并非限定于物理的或者机械的连接，而是可以包括电性的连接，不管是直接的还是间接的。“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”等仅用于表示相对位置关系，当被描述对象的绝对位置改变后，则该相对位置关系也可能相应地改变。
本发明的至少一个实施例提供一种显示装置和显示方法，下面结合附图进行详细说明。
如图1所示，本发明的至少一个实施例提供的显示装置包括显示组件1和屈光组件2。显示组件1具有显示区并且配置为从该显示区向预设方向发射成像光线；屈光组件2设置在显示组件1的显示侧并且配置为对至少部分成像光线进行发散或会聚。
本发明实施例提供的显示装置可以为头戴式显示装置，例如头戴式虚拟现实装置。在这种情况下，可以通过屈光组件对显示组件发出的至少部分成像光线进行发散，从而屈光组件可相应地起到近视镜的功能；通过屈光组件对显示组件发出的至少部分成像光线进行会聚，从而屈光组件可相应地起到远视镜的功能。这样可以使近视或远视观看者无需配戴相应的近视镜或远视镜即可使用该头戴式显示装置，从而提高头戴式显示装置的舒适性。
本发明实施例提供的显示装置也可以为非头戴式显示装置，该非头戴式显示装置具有防窥功能这一预料不到的技术效果。例如，近视眼的观看者不用戴近视镜便能看清楚显示组件的显示区上的信息；正常视力的观看者因其视力与屈光组件的屈光度(屈光度是屈光力的大小单位，以D表示)不匹配而无法看到显示组件的显示区上的信息，从而该显示装置具有隐私保护作用。
例如，显示组件可以为液晶显示器、OLED(有机发光二极管)显示器或者任何其他类型的具有显示功能的产品或部件。
例如，显示组件可以为用于显示三维图像的三维显示组件，在这种情况下，用户在观看本发明实施例提供的显示装置时可以看到三维图像。例如，该三维显示组件可以包括显示面板以及与该显示面板层叠设置的光栅(光栅 例如设置于显示面板的显示侧或者背侧)，通过显示面板和光栅的相互配合，该三维显示组件可以发出只进入用户左眼的光线以及只进入用户右眼的光线以实现三维显示。例如，该光栅可以为液晶光栅、柱透镜光栅或者视差挡板，并且光栅的实施例包括但不限于所列举的类型。
显示组件的实施例包括但不限于立体显示组件。例如，显示组件也可以为用于显示二维图像的二维显示组件，在这种情况下，用户在观看本发明实施例提供的显示装置时可以看到二维图像；例如，显示组件也可以为二维/三维可切换显示组件。
例如，屈光组件2被配置为可调整对至少部分成像光线的发散或会聚程度。也就是说，屈光组件2的屈光度可调节。一方面，这样的设置使得显示装置可以用于多个视力不同的观看者；另一方面，这样的设置可以实现屈光组件的屈光度根据同一观看者的观看感受进行调节。
例如，屈光组件2可以为液晶透镜。当然，屈光组件2也可以采用其它折射率梯度透镜。下面结合图2a和图2b对本发明实施例提供的显示装置中采用液晶透镜的屈光组件进行详细说明。
如图2a和图2b所示，在屈光组件2采用液晶透镜的情况下，该液晶透镜可以包括相对设置的第一基板51和第二基板55、以及设置于这两个基板51和55之间的第一电极52、第二电极54和液晶层53，第一电极52和第二电极54彼此间隔设置，第一电极52和第二电极54中的至少一个包括多个彼此间隔设置的子电极，通过对该多个子电极施加不同的电压以使液晶层53中不同区域内的液晶分子的偏转状态不同，从而使液晶层53产生折射率梯度。例如，如图2a和图2b所示，第一电极52包括多个彼此间隔设置的子电极52a，例如至少三个子电极52a。第一电极51和第二电极54中的一个可以为像素电极且另一个为公共电极。图2a和图2b中的箭头表示显示组件1发射的成像光线。
例如，为了对液晶层53中的液晶分子进行初始取向，液晶透镜还包括设置于液晶层53两侧的取向膜53a和53b，取向膜53a和53b的面向液晶层53的表面都大致为平面，如图2a所示。当然，液晶透镜中还可以设置有其它结构，例如，在各取向膜和其覆盖的电极之间也可以设置有绝缘层。
例如，第一电极52可以设置于第一基板51上，第二电极54可以设置于 第二基板55上。在这种情况下，液晶层53中液晶分子的初始取向例如沿基板(例如玻璃基板、石英基板或塑料基板)平行取向且其取向方向与偏振片56的透过轴方向一致。当然，第一电极52和第二电极54也可以都设置于同一基板上，在这种情况下，例如，液晶层中液晶分子的初始取向可以为垂直取向，通过对上述多个子电极施加不同电压使液晶层中不同区域的液晶分子的偏转状态不同。
例如，在第二基板55设置于第一基板51和显示组件1之间的情况下，液晶透镜还可以包括设置于第二基板55与显示组件1之间的偏振片56，如图2a所示，也就是说，偏振片56设置于第二基板55的远离第一基板51一侧。或者，例如，在第二基板55设置于第一基板51和显示组件1之间的情况下，第二基板55可以为偏振片，如图2b所示。利用偏振片56作为第二基板(例如，在该偏振片上直接形成第二电极54)，可以简化液晶透镜的结构，
例如，如图2a和图2b所示，液晶透镜与显示组件1可以共用偏振片56，即显示组件1发出的成像光线的偏振方向在透过偏振片56之后且在到达液晶透镜的液晶层53之前不发生改变，以提高本发明实施例提供的显示装置的集成度。在这种情况下，例如，显示组件1包括彼此相对设置的第三基板13(例如，第三基板上可以设置有彩色滤光层)和第四基板14、以及设置于第三基板13和第四基板14之间的液晶层10，第三基板13设置于偏振片56和第四基板14之间，并且在第二基板55和第三基板13之间未设置除该偏振片56之外的其它偏振片，从而当显示组件1为液晶显示组件时，不需要再针对显示组件1单独设置偏振片。
例如，如图2b所示，该液晶透镜还可以包括驱动单元57，该驱动单元57配置为对该液晶透镜的不同位置处施加不同的电压以改变该液晶透镜的屈光度。例如，该驱动单元57可以为驱动IC(Integrated circuit)或其它驱动电路。
例如，液晶透镜与显示组件1可以共用驱动单元57，如图2b所示。也就是说，驱动单元57可以既为液晶透镜提供电信号以实现液晶透镜的凹透镜或凸透镜功能，又可以为显示组件1提供电信号以实现显示组件1的显示功能。通过共用驱动单元57，可以提高本发明实施例提供的显示装置的集成度。
当液晶透镜与显示组件1共用驱动单元时，显示组件1可以为液晶显示 组件，也可以为OLED显示组件、量子点显示组件等其它类型的显示组件。
当然本发明实施例中液晶透镜的实施方式包括但限于图2a和图2b所示的结构。下面以第一电极52和第二电极54分别设置于第一基板51和第二基板55上为例，对液晶透镜实现凹透镜和凸透镜的原理进行说明。
如图3a所示，在屈光组件2采用液晶透镜的情况下，该液晶透镜形成凸透镜的原理如下。例如，为了实现凸透镜，驱动电路57可以通过第一电极52和第二电极54将电压施加于液晶层53的两侧边缘部分。外界光线经过该屈光组件2时，先通过偏振片56转变为线偏振片光，该线偏振片光的偏振方向与液晶层53中心的液晶指向矢方向一致，此时线偏振光透过液晶层53的折射率为ne，液晶层53中心部分的折射率最大。随着第一电极52、第二电极54之间电压的逐渐增大，液晶层53边缘部分的电场逐渐增大且沿从中心部分到两侧边缘部分的方向上折射率逐渐减小；当液晶层53中液晶分子全部沿电场方向竖直排列时，线偏振光透过液晶层53的折射率为no，在边缘部分获得最小折射率，从而形成从中心部分到边缘部分的折射率梯度。当平行光通过具有这样的折射率分布的液晶层53时，由于液晶层53的中心部分比两侧边缘的折射率大，所以光在液晶层53的中心部分的行进速度较慢，最后平行光在离开透镜后汇聚到焦点，由此形成凸透镜。
在形成凸透镜的情况下，通过控制凹透镜和凸透镜的切换开关，可使对液晶分子施加的电压发生改变以改变液晶分子的偏转程度，即，在相同位置的液晶层53中心处施加最大电压且在液晶层53边缘保持原有的平行取向排列而不施加电压，则可取得相反的效果，也就是说，液晶层53的折射率分布为中心最小，越往两侧边缘折射率越大。因此，平行光在通过液晶层53后会形成与凸透镜相反的曲面波前，导致偏振光最后是发散的，形成凹透镜，如图3b所示。因此，液晶透镜可以依据折射率的变化方式达到会聚或者发散光线的效果，以实现凸透镜和凹透镜的功能切换。
下面对液晶透镜实现屈光度调节的原理进行说明。为了方便，以凸透镜为例。
平行光线经过屈光物质之后，焦距f在1米时该屈光物质的屈光力为1D(dioptre)，屈光力越大，焦距越短，则D＝1/f；而1D相当于100度，即D＝Φ/100。因此，度数Φ与透镜焦距f之间的关系为Φ＝(1/f)×100，其 中，焦距f的单位为米。例如，对于500度的近视度数，屈光力为-5D，则焦距f＝1/5米。因此，屈光物质的度数可以通过屈光物质的焦距进行调节。
对于液晶透镜，焦距f＝r2/[(nmax-nr)·d]，其中，r是液晶透镜从中心到两侧边缘的径向距离；d是液晶透镜的盒厚；(nmax-nr)为液晶透镜中心和两侧边缘的折射率之差，对液晶来说，其最大值为(ne-no)。液晶透镜的盒厚d为定值，因此，液晶透镜焦距f的调整可通过改变(nmax-nr)的值实现。由于(nmax-nr)的值的改变可通过施加不同电压以改变液晶分子的指向矢与光轴之间的夹角实现，因此可以通过改变电压调整液晶透镜的焦距f。
例如，屈光组件2也可以通过采用光学透镜组的方式实现。例如，如图4所示，屈光组件2可以包括彼此间隔设置的第一透镜21和第二透镜22、以及调整机构24，调整机构24与第一透镜21和第二透镜22连接并且配置为调整第一透镜21和第二透镜22的间距L1。例如，第一透镜21和第二透镜22沿显示组件的成像光线的传播方向(例如，如图4中的箭头所示；当然，成像光线的传播方向也可以与图4所示方向相反)依次排列。通过调节第一透镜21和第二透镜22之间的间距L1，可实现屈光组件2的屈光度的改变。
例如，调整机构24可以采用滑块与导轨组合的方式，例如，调整机构24可以包括导轨以及可在导轨内滑动的多个支架，这些支架分别支撑屈光组件2包括的多个透镜。通过控制调整机构24的支架之间的距离可调节相邻两个透镜之间的距离，从而改变光线发散或会聚程度。又例如，调整机构24可以为螺纹旋转调整机构，这样的机构例如用于通常的相机或摄像机的镜头。该屈光组件2可以等效于一个变焦镜头。当然，调整机构24的实现方式包括但不限于滑块与导轨组合或者螺纹旋转调整机构的方式。
例如，屈光组件2还可以包括：第三透镜23，其设置于第二透镜22的远离第一透镜21的一侧，并且与第一透镜21和第二透镜22间隔设置。例如，第一透镜21、第二透镜22和第三透镜23可以沿显示组件的成像光线的传播方向依次排列。如图4所示，第三透镜23与第二透镜22之间的间距为L2，通过调整L2也可实现屈光组件2的屈光度的改变。
例如，第一透镜21和第二透镜22可以都为凸透镜，第三透镜23可以为凹透镜。当然，也可以采用其它凹凸透镜的组合。
例如，如图5所示，在本发明的至少一个实施例提供的显示装置中，屈 光组件2可以包括：屈光单元2a，其配置为对至少部分成像光线(如图5中的箭头所示)进行发散或会聚；以及距离调整机构2b，其配置为改变屈光单元2a与显示组件1的显示区1a之间的距离。通过改变屈光单元2a与显示组件1之间的距离，也可以改变显示组件1发出的成像光线在透过屈光组件2之后的发射或会聚程度。
例如，屈光单元2a可以为液晶透镜，或者包括至少一个凹透镜和/或凸透镜。例如，距离调整机构2b可以采用滑块与导轨组合或者螺纹旋转调整机构的方式或者采用本领域常用的其它方式。在屈光单元2a包括上述第一透镜和第二透镜的情况下，该距离调整机构2b与上述调整机构24可以为同一部件。
例如，如图6所示，本发明的至少一个实施例提供的显示装置还可以包括检测装置3，该检测装置3与屈光组件2信号连接；屈光组件2配置为根据检测装置3发送的信号调整对至少部分成像光线的发散或会聚程度。这样可以实现屈光组件2的屈光度的自动调节，从而提高屈光度调节的方便性。
例如，检测装置3可以包括眼部检测装置，该眼部检测装置配置为获取用户的眼部信息。例如，该眼部检测装置可以为眼动仪、眼电位检测装置等。当然，眼部检测装置的实施方式包括但不限于眼动仪和眼电位检测装置。
例如，检测装置3也可以包括脑波检测装置，其配置为获取用户的脑波信息。例如，脑波检测装置可以为脑波检测仪。当然，脑波检测装置的实施方式包括但不限于脑波检测仪。
下面以检测装置3为眼部检测装置为例，对屈光组件的屈光度的自动调节过程进行说明。
如图7所示，眼部检测装置在完成眼部检测之后可以判断用户是否处于舒适的用眼状态。如果判断出处于舒适的用眼状态，则不需要调节屈光度。如果判断出未处于舒适的用眼状态，则向屈光组件发送调整信号，之后屈光组件根据接收的调整信号对其自身的屈光度进行相应调节。例如，在屈光组件为液晶透镜的情况下，屈光组件根据调整信号调整其包括的电极52和54(参见图3a和图3b)之间的电压以调整屈光度；例如，在屈光组件包括具有多个独立的透镜的透镜组的情况下，屈光组件根据调整信号调整至少一个透镜的位置(例如调节图4中的第一透镜的位置可改变L1以及L1与L2之 和)，以实现屈光度的调节；例如，在屈光组件包括上述屈光单元和距离调整机构时，屈光组件可根据调整信号并通过距离调整机构调整屈光单元与显示组件之间的距离。当检测装置3为脑波检测装置或其它检测装置时，屈光组件2的屈光度的自动调节过程与图7所示的过程类似。
在本发明实施例提供的显示装置为头戴式显示装置(例如头戴式虚拟现实装置)的情况下，如图8所示，该头戴式显示装置包括显示组件1和设置于显示组件1的显示侧的屈光组件2。在该头戴式显示装置中，为避免显示组件1中的电路、光源等结构遮挡来自外界场景的光线，显示组件1的电路、光源等结构通常设置于显示组件1的边缘处；显示组件1的中部通常为光波导结构，在使用头戴式显示装置的过程中，光波导结构将位于边缘处的光源投射的光线向用户眼镜的方向投射，以使用户看到显示组件1显示的图像。例如，如图8所示，该头戴式显示装置还可以包括眼部检测装置31和/或脑波检测装置32等类似检测装置，通过检测装置检测到的信号可实现屈光组件2的屈光度的自动调节。
本发明的至少一个实施例还提供了一种显示方法，以图1所示的显示装置为例，该显示方法包括：从显示组件1的显示区向预设方向发射成像光线；以及通过屈光组件2发散或会聚至少部分成像光线，屈光组件2设置在显示组件1的显示侧。
例如，本发明的至少一个实施例提供的方法还可以包括：调整成像光线的发散或会聚程度。
例如，可以通过改变屈光组件2的焦距以调整成像光线的发散或会聚程度，即改变屈光组件2的屈光度以调整屈光组件2对成像光线的发射或会聚程度。该调整方式可参照上述显示装置的实施例中结合图3a至图4的描述。
例如，也可以通过改变屈光组件2与显示组件1之间的距离以调整成像光线的发散或会聚程度。该调整方式可参照上述显示装置的实施例中结合图5的描述。
例如，本发明的至少一个实施例提供的方法还可以包括：获取用户的观看信息，用户的观看信息包括用户的眼部信息或脑波信息；以及根据观看信息，调整成像光线的发散或会聚程度。这样可以实现成像光线的发射或会聚程度的自动调节。
例如，可以通过上述眼部检测装置获取用户的眼部信号，可以通过上述脑波检测装置获取用户的脑波信息。
自动调节过程可参照显示装置实施例中的相关描述，重复之处不再赘述。
有以下几点需要说明：(1)本发明实施例附图中，只涉及到与本发明实施例涉及到的结构，其他结构可参考通常设计；(2)为了清晰起见，在用于描述本发明的实施例的附图中，层或区域的厚度并非按照实际比例绘制，而是被一定程度放大；(3)在不冲突的情况下，本发明的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。
以上所述仅是本发明的示范性实施方式，而非用于限制本发明的保护范围，本发明的保护范围由所附的权利要求确定。

Claims (26)

  1. 一种显示装置，包括：
    显示组件，具有显示区并且配置为从所述显示区向预设方向发射成像光线；以及
    屈光组件，设置在所述显示组件的显示侧并且配置为对至少部分所述成像光线进行发散或会聚。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的显示装置，其中，所述屈光组件被配置为可调整对所述至少部分成像光线的发散或会聚程度。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的显示装置，其中，所述屈光组件包括：
    间隔设置的第一透镜和第二透镜；以及
    调整机构，与所述第一透镜和所述第二透镜连接并且配置为调整所述第一透镜和所述第二透镜的间距。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的显示装置，其中，所述第一透镜和所述第二透镜沿所述成像光线的传播方向依次排列。
  5. 根据权利要求3或4所述的显示装置，其中，所述屈光组件还包括：
    第三透镜，设置于所述第二透镜的远离所述第一透镜的一侧。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的显示装置，其中，所述第三透镜与所述第一透镜和所述第二透镜间隔设置。
  7. 根据权利要求5或6所述的显示装置，其中，所述第一透镜、所述第二透镜和所述第三透镜沿所述成像光线的传播方向依次排列。
  8. 根据权利要求5至7中任一项所述的显示装置，其中，所述第一透镜和所述第二透镜都为凸透镜，所述第三透镜为凹透镜。
  9. 根据权利要求2所述的显示装置，其中，所述屈光组件为液晶透镜。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的显示装置，其中，所述液晶透镜包括相对设置的第一基板和第二基板、以及设置于所述第一基板和所述第二基板之间的第一电极、第二电极和液晶层，所述第一电极和所述第二电极彼此间隔设置并且所述第一电极和所述第二电极中的至少一个包括多个彼此间隔设置的子电极。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的显示装置，其中，所述第二基板设置于所述 第一基板和所述显示组件之间；并且
    所述第二基板为偏振片，或者所述液晶透镜还包括设置于所述第二基板与所述显示组件之间的偏振片。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的显示装置，其中，所述液晶透镜与所述显示组件共用所述偏振片。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的显示装置，其中，所述显示组件包括彼此相对设置的第三基板和第四基板、以及设置于所述第三基板和所述第四基板之间的液晶层，所述第三基板设置于所述偏振片和所述第四基板之间。
  14. 根据权利要求9至13中任一项所述的显示装置，其中，所述液晶透镜包括驱动单元，所述驱动单元配置为对所述液晶透镜施加电压以改变所述液晶透镜的屈光度。
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的显示装置，其中，所述液晶透镜与所述显示组件共用所述驱动单元。
  16. 根据权利要求1所述的显示装置，其中，所述屈光组件包括：
    屈光单元，配置为对所述至少部分成像光线进行发散或会聚；以及
    距离调整机构，配置为改变所述屈光单元与所述显示组件的所述显示区之间的距离。
  17. 根据权利要求1至16中任一项所述的显示装置，还包括：
    检测装置，与所述屈光组件信号连接；
    其中，所述屈光组件配置为根据所述检测装置发送的信号调整对所述至少部分成像光线的发散或会聚程度。
  18. 根据权利要求17所述的显示装置，其中，所述检测装置包括眼部检测装置，其配置为获取用户的眼部信息。
  19. 根据权利要求17或18所述的显示装置，其中，所述检测装置包括脑波检测装置，其配置为获取用户的脑波信息。
  20. 根据权利要求1至19中任一项所述的显示装置，其中，所述显示装置为非头戴式显示装置。
  21. 根据权利要求1至19中任一项所述的显示装置，其中，所述显示装置为头戴式显示装置。
  22. 一种显示方法，包括：
    从显示组件的显示区向预设方向发射成像光线；以及
    通过屈光组件发散或会聚至少部分所述成像光线，其中，所述屈光组件设置在所述显示组件的显示侧。
  23. 根据权利要求22所述的方法，还包括：调整所述成像光线的发散或会聚程度。
  24. 根据权利要求23所述的方法，其中，通过改变所述屈光组件与所述显示组件之间的距离以调整所述发散或会聚程度。
  25. 根据权利要求23所述的方法，其中，通过改变所述屈光组件的焦距以调整所述发散或会聚程度。
  26. 根据权利要求23至25中任一项所述的方法，还包括：
    获取用户的观看信息，其中，所述用户的观看信息包括用户的眼部信息或脑波信息；以及
    根据所述观看信息，调整所述发散或会聚程度。
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