WO2017180023A1 - Controllable anti-glare diffusion filter 1 (cagdf-1) - Google Patents

Abstract

A controllable anti-glare diffusion filter containing liquid crystal films, the surface of which have systems of electrodes applied thereto. With a change in potential, the electrodes form lenses which change the focal length thereof and provide for diffusion. The lenses are formed with the help of the electrodes, which are provided, on one side of the film, in the form of narrow mesh electrodes having cells, and, on the other side of the film, in the form of wide electrodes or in the form of narrow mesh electrodes. The electrodes of one side are perpendicular to the electrodes of the other side. Minimal losses, and adaptation to glaring sources of light, are achieved.

Description

 Guided anti-glare scattering filter -1 (UPRF -1).

The invention relates to devices for protection against glare and can be used to significantly improve the safety of movement of land, air and other vehicles, due to the complete elimination of glare, in particular, drivers with headlights of oncoming and passing vehicles.

 Known devices for vehicles using a filter to protect against radiation [1,2], as well as using a visor or glasses to protect against polarized and unpolarized radiation [3,4].

 The disadvantages of the known devices are large losses

received radiation [1], significant mutual illumination of the eyes when scattering radiation [2], requires at least two liquid crystal (LC) films to scatter each of the polarization components of radiation [3], as well as technological difficulties in constructing the optical filter system [4].

 The closest in technical essence and selected as a prototype is “Adaptive Polarizing Filter” (ACE) [4], containing a controlled polarizing filter, at least one receiver of external optical radiation, at least one position sensor in the pupil’s space of the driver’s eyes vehicle and decision making processor.

 The disadvantages of the prototype:

1. The inability to control in dynamics the degree of scattering of glare radiation in the horizontal plane. 2. The proposed structure will not allow to obtain a sufficiently effective attenuation of glare radiation without significant complication of the device.

 The claimed technical solution in the annex to transport

 the funds are aimed at creating an effective anti-glare filter with minimal losses and adaptive to glare radiation sources.

 1. This is achieved by the fact that, in contrast to the well-known "Adaptive Polarizing Filter" (ACE), which contains sequentially

installed optically transparent systems using an optically transparent dielectric substance - thin optically transparent substrates and sequences of liquid crystal films (LCD), the opposite surfaces of which have electrode systems whose direction on the same surface differs from their location on another surface, and the surfaces of the optically transparent dielectric substances - thin optically transparent substrates contain orientants, as well as containing signal processing and control system, including at least one sensor for recording the intensity and directions of arrival of the polarizing components of the external optical radiation passing through the filter to the external optical radiation receivers, at least one decision processor, at least one position sensor in the space of receivers of external optical radiation relative to the filter, and at least one formation system, from the output of which control potentials are distributed between the system by the electrodes of the corresponding liquid crystal films (LC) for the local changes in the properties of zones specified by at least one decision-making processor, while, with an appropriate signal from the signal processing and control system, molecules of liquid crystal film films having an initial orientation in which external optical radiation passes through them freely and located in zones passing through the filter to the receivers of external optical radiation, the intensity of which exceeds that specified by the fixation sensor

of the intensity and directions of arrival of the polarization components of external optical radiation, the threshold, under the action of control potentials on the corresponding electrode systems, forms

by means of one of the orientations in one, or in part, or in all successively installed liquid crystal films (LCs), spatial optical anisotropy, scattering radiation passing through the filter, in the controlled anti-glare scattering filter -1 (UPRF -1), at least , one irradiator (7) operating in the optical or infrared range, and, in addition, on one side of each of the liquid crystal films (10), the electrode systems are executed in the form of sequences in parallel, applied to one on the surfaces of optically transparent substrates between which the liquid crystal films (10) are enclosed, systems of narrow stripes of networks, and, on the opposite side of each liquid crystal film (10), in a direction that differs from the direction of the arrangement of the electrode systems on another surface, for example, orthogonally are systems of wide, optically transparent electrodes (13) or systems of electrodes, in the form of sequences applied in parallel, on optically transparent substrates, systems of narrow stripes of grids, cells of which s opposite, symmetrically, relative to the cells, are systems of narrow stripes of networks on optically transparent substrates on the opposite side of the liquid crystal films (10), while the size of each cell

applied to optically transparent substrates of systems of narrow stripes of grids, determines the size of the aperture of microlenses formed in liquid crystal films (10), when control potentials are applied to the corresponding electrodes.

 2. In addition, from the side of the liquid crystal film (10),

 systems of narrow electrodes were additionally introduced (15), separated from the first by an optically transparent, dielectric insulating film.

 3. In addition, a system has been introduced that corrects the angles of scattering of radiation in the corresponding liquid crystal films (10),

 exceeding a given threshold in the horizontal plane, taking into account the distance between the radiation receiver and the filter.

 4. In addition, between sequences of liquid crystal films (10) that scatter the orthogonal polarization components of radiation when applied to the corresponding electrode systems

 control potentials, a matching rotator of the plane of polarization (16) was introduced, and the orientant in them, while orienting the molecules of liquid crystals of the same type (Figure 6).

5. In addition, it contains a floating threshold installation system, which determines the average intensity of radiation reflected from the near surface of the road from the near zone and the total illumination at a given moment in time, and calculates, in accordance with this, and taking into account the adaptive characteristics of the driver’s eyes, the formation threshold for specified filter zones of optical anisotropy. 6. In addition, the filter is mounted underneath the passage to the transmitted radiation (Fig. 9), and contains a light absorber located in such a way that radiation reflected from the filter surface from the driver’s side falls on it.

 7. In addition, liquid crystal films (10), orientant and optically transparent dielectric substance, between which are enclosed

 liquid crystal films that are optically matched to minimize the loss of transmitted radiation.

 8. In addition, on the output side contains a reflector (17) of external optical radiation (Fig.7).

 9. In addition, it contains a sensor for evaluating the average intensity of external optical radiation.

 10. In addition, it contains an analyzer of the spectral composition of the received external optical radiation.

 11. In addition, it contains a filter that corrects the spectrum.

 passing external optical radiation.

 12. In addition, it is made in the form of glasses and contains a case of glasses and an external unit, while part of the nodes of the signal processing and control system is installed in the case of glasses, and the other part, which has more weight, dimensions and power consumption, is installed in the external unit and introduced between them two-way automatic communication channel.

 13. In addition, the outer surfaces have an antireflection coating.

14. In addition, it contains a system for maintaining the temperature of the filter in the operating range.

15. In addition, it contains a system that monitors the condition of the driver of the vehicle. The proposed technical solution is illustrated using Figure 1 ... Figure 12:

 Figure 1 shows the scattering by the filter (3) UPRF -1 external glare radiation (1) when it exceeds a predetermined threshold.

 Figures 2a, b, c show fragments of electrode systems made in the form of sequences parallel to the surface of optically transparent substrates, between which are enclosed liquid crystal films (10), systems of narrow stripes of grids (14).

 On figa shows fragments of additional systems of narrow electrodes.

Figure 2e shows fragments of electrodes in the form of systems of narrow stripes of grids (14) and orthogonally located systems of wide, optically transparent electrodes (13), between which

liquid crystal film.

 On ΦΉΓ.2Ϊ fragments of electrodes are shown in the form of systems of narrow stripes of grids

(14) arranged mutually orthogonally, between which

a liquid crystal film is installed.

 On Fig.3 shows a possible variant of the relative arrangement of the electrodes in the form of systems of narrow strips of grids (14), and additional, narrow electrodes

(15) separated by an optically transparent insulating film (12).

Figure 4 shows a fragment of sequences of LC films (10), with initially homeotropically oriented molecules, in which, when the corresponding potential zones of the filter are applied to the electrodes (14), under the action of electric field profiles generated by the electrode system, optical anisotropy is formed, leading to radiation scattering of the corresponding polarization components. Figures 5a and b respectively show a fragment of sequences of LC films, with initially homeotropically oriented molecules, where one film is used for both films, a common system of optically transparent wide electrodes (13) of Figure 5a, or electrodes in the form of systems of narrow stripes of grids (14 ), in which when applying to the electrodes the corresponding filter zones

control potentials, under the action of the generated profiles of electric fields, an optical anisotropy is formed, leading to scattering of the radiation of the corresponding polarization components.

Figure 6 shows a fragment of sequences of LC films (10), with initially planar-oriented molecules, and a matching rotator of the plane of polarization (16) between them, in which the orientant orients the liquid crystal molecules in the same way.

 Figure 7 shows a fragment of sequences of LC films (10), with initially homeotropically oriented molecules mounted on a reflector (17) in which, when the potentials of the filter are applied to the electrodes of the control potentials, the radiation is scattered

corresponding polarization components.

 On Fig shows a variant of the visor with an optically transparent filter (3) that extends from it.

 Figure 9 shows the installation of the filter (3), at an angle to the radiation passing through it, to eliminate possible glare from its surface on the driver's side (4), using a retractable light absorber.

Figure 10 shows the near radiation zone, "A" is the road surface zone, the brightness of which and the general illumination is given by the support,

regarding which the threshold for the glare protection system is set. Figure 11 shows the installation or combination of the optical part of the filter UPRF -1 with the windshield of the vehicle.

 On Fig shows a graph of the scattering of glare radiation by the filter zones, at a threshold level that varies in accordance with the overall illumination and brightness of the reference region of the road surface,

taking into account the adaptive characteristic of the driver’s eyes.

 Figure 1 ... Figure 11 and in the text the following notation:

 1 - source of incident optical radiation,

 2 - filter zones, scattering rays of incident optical radiation,

3- optical filter system UPRF -1,

 4- receivers of external optical radiation (driver’s eyes),

5 - scattering plane of incident optical radiation,

 6- sensor for recording the intensity and directions of arrival

 polarization components of external optical radiation,

 7- irradiator, for illumination of external optical radiation receivers,

 8- signal processing and control system,

 9 - position sensor in the space of the receivers of external optical radiation,

 10 - liquid crystal films (LCD),

 11- optically transparent dielectric substance - thin optically transparent substrates,

 12- optically transparent insulating film,

 13 - systems of optically transparent wide electrodes,

 14- electrodes in the form of systems of narrow stripes of grids,

15 - additional, narrow electrode systems, 16- polarization plane rotator,

 17- reflector.

 Thus, the controllable anti-sleeper scattering filter -1 (UPRF -1) (FIG. 1) contains optically transparent systems in series using optically transparent

dielectric substance - thin optically transparent substrates (11) and sequences of liquid crystal films (LC) (10),

the opposite surfaces of which have electrode systems (SE) (13, 14, 15), the direction of which on one surface differs from the direction of their location on another surface, the surfaces of the optically transparent dielectric substance (11) contain orientants, and also contains a signal processing system and control, including at least one sensor for recording the intensity and directions of arrival of the polarization components of external optical radiation (DFIN) (6), at least one processor At least one position sensor in the space of receivers of external optical radiation (DPP) (9), at least one formation system, as well as LC molecules (10) form spatial optical anisotropy using one of the orientations, for each of orthogonal polarization components of an external optical filter passing through a filter

radiation, electrode systems are made in the form of sequences of parallel deposited, on the surface of optically transparent substrates, between which there are liquid crystal films (10), systems of narrow stripes of grids, cells of which are opposite, symmetrically, relative to cells, systems of narrow stripes of grids on optically transparent substrates on the opposite side of the liquid crystal films (10), the size of each cell of systems of narrow stripes of grids determines the size of the aperture of microlenses formed in the liquid crystal films (10), and also contains systems of wide, optically transparent electrodes (13), and in addition, at least one irradiator (7) operating in the optical or infrared range, and additionally,

parallel to the electrodes (14), additional, narrow electrodes (15) are located, separated from the first optically transparent

dielectric insulating film (12), a system has been introduced,

correcting in the sequences of liquid crystal films (10) the scattering angles of radiation, and also, at least one

alignment rotator of the plane of polarization (16), orient

it orientates the liquid crystal molecules (10) in the same way, contains a floating threshold installation system, and settings relative to it, an optical anisotropy formation threshold, the filter (3) is installed at an angle to the transmitted radiation, and contains

light absorber, LCD films, orientant and optically transparent

dielectric substance - thin optically transparent substrates (11) are optically matched to each other, contains a reflector (17) of external optical radiation, contains a sensor for estimating the average intensity of external optical radiation, an analyzer of spectral composition, a light filter, made in the form of glasses and contains a case of glasses and an external unit , the outer surfaces of the filter (3) have an antireflection coating, and also contains a system for maintaining the temperature UPRF -1 in the working interval and a system that tracks the condition of the driver facilities. The device operates as follows:

 The controlled anti-glare scattering filter -1 (UPRF -1) (Fig. 1) is mounted in the vehicle (ground, air, etc.), while the filter (3) can be located in an assembled (folded) form so that if necessary, it could be introduced before the eyes of the driver of the vehicle, to protect it from external optical radiation of increased brightness, at a distance of, for example, 200 ... 1000 mm, or mounted on the windshield of the vehicle or combined with the windshield, or made in the form points as well as a falling trump card ka for a helmet, for example, the motorcyclist, and in addition, a filter (3) can be applied and for the vehicle passengers.

 At least one fixation sensor (receiver) for the intensity and directions of arrival of the polarization components of external optical radiation (DFIN) (6) passing through the filter to the external optical radiation receivers (4) is installed on or near the filter holder (3), from a given sector of the front hemisphere, at least one position sensor in the space of the receivers of external optical radiation (9) - the pupils of the eyes of the driver (4), and at least one

an irradiator (7) operating in the optical or infrared range, providing the necessary illumination of the pupils of the driver’s eyes to reliably determine their position in space. A signal processing and control system is installed on the holder or in the dashboard of the vehicle, as well as at least one decision-making processor and at least one formation system, from the output of which control signals are distributed between the electrode systems (13, 14, 15) of the corresponding liquid crystal films (10), for a local change in the properties of the zones specified by at least one decision-making processor.

 The position sensors in the space of optical radiation receivers (9) (DPP) - the pupils of the driver’s eyes can be performed using the technology of the Swedish company Tobii Technology, which developed such a system for vehicles in order to improve road safety, which works equally with any driver, regardless age, eye color, whether a person wears glasses or lenses, and in any conditions, from night driving to the bright sun.

 A similar system with a little refinement m. it was also used in the tracking unit of the position in a given viewing sector, of glare radiation sources (1).

 At the input of the sensors, narrow-band filters can be installed, matched in spectrum with an irradiator / irradiators, which will increase the noise immunity of the system. The irradiators illuminating the radiation receivers (4) can operate in a continuous mode, pulsed or have a different type of modulation, and the beam / rays of the irradiators can scan the sector in which the radiation receivers are located (4), and the sensors

the positions of radiation receivers (9) in their work can use, for example, the red-eye effect. When applying the pulse mode, to eliminate the influence of external radiation on the operation of the system for determining the coordinates of the pupils of the eyes, the pupils, for example, can be highlighted through the frame, followed by subtraction of successive frames, and to eliminate reflections from the lenses of glasses, the irradiator emits one polarization, and Dpp accepts orthogonal. In addition, the position sensors in the space of the radiation receivers (9) record the geometric parameters of the radiation receivers (4),

 for example, the diameter of the pupils of the eyes of the driver, the relative parameters of which can vary with the expansion / contraction of the pupils and

 depending on their distance from the filter (3), and in accordance with this, as well as taking into account the speed of tracking systems for position

 radiation receivers, the control device increases or decreases the scattering areas (zones) of the filter (3), which will optimize the information content of the space viewed through the filter.

 A sensor for recording the intensity and directions of arrival of the polarization components of optical radiation (DFIN) (6) can be performed using at least one color matrix, divided into two parts, in front of which there are input lenses, an attenuator controlled by a resolving device (RU) transmitting the orthogonal polarization components of external radiation, respectively, in different parts of the matrix, or can be performed using two matrices, in front of which the lenses and attenuator are likewise mounted.

 The optical filter system (3) (Fig. 1) contains serially installed optically transparent systems (Fig. 4 ... Fig. 7) with

 using an optically transparent dielectric substance - thin optically transparent substrates (11) and sequences of liquid crystal (LC) films (10) with a thickness of, for example, 50 ... 100 μm, the opposite surfaces of which have electrode systems that are made in the form of sequences in parallel, deposited on surfaces of optically transparent substrates, between which

liquid crystal films (10), systems of narrow stripes of grids, Fig. 2a, b, c, each 0.5 ... 2 mm wide, or optically transparent electrodes are applied on one side (13) Fig. 2e, 0.5 ... 2 mm wide, the transparency of which can be 99% [8], whose location on one surface differs from their location on another surface, for example, are orthogonal.

 In this case, the surfaces of the optically transparent dielectric substance (11) contain orientants that specify the initial orientation of the LC molecules, for example, planar, homeotropic, or inclined, as well as the orientation of the LC molecules, which they acquire under the influence of an electric field generated when applied to the electrodes

corresponding filter zones of control potentials. For example, the initial homeotropic orientation of LC molecules is established by sputtering carbon nanotubes on the surface of an optically transparent dielectric substance (11), followed by the formation of an additional orienting relief, and processing by a surface electromagnetic wave (SEW) [7].

 Thus, each of the polarization components of the external optical radiation passes through at least one

the liquid crystal film (10) coordinated with it, by means of an orientant, and the liquid crystal film molecules of the filter (3), with the corresponding control potentials of the signal processing and control system, having an initial orientation in which external optical radiation passes through them without hindrance, and

located in the zones of passage through the filter to the radiation receivers - to the driver’s eyes (4) of external optical radiation, the intensity of which exceeds the intensity fixation set by the sensor and directions of arrival of polarization components of the external

optical radiation (DFIN) threshold, under the influence of control potentials on the respective electrode systems, is formed by one of the orientations in one or in part of the films, or in all LCD films installed in series, spatial optical anisotropy, which partially or partially scatters through the maximum efficiency radiation filter.

 The filter is based on the ability of the lens to disperse

the radiation passing through it, which is carried out by the formation of multiple microlenses in predetermined zones of liquid crystal films.

 In a controlled anti-glare scattering filter -1 (UPRF -1), on one side of each of the liquid crystal films (10), the electrode systems are made in the form of sequences in parallel

applied onto one of the surfaces of optically transparent substrates, between which the liquid crystal films (10) are enclosed, systems of narrow stripes of nets (Fig. 2a, b, c), and, on the opposite side of each liquid crystal film (10), in a direction that differs from the direction of the arrangement of the electrode systems on another surface, for example, orthogonally, there are systems of wide, optically transparent electrodes (13) (Fig. 2f) or electrode systems, in the form of sequences applied in parallel, on optically transparent substrates, si the narrow bands grids (2a, b, c), which cell

located opposite, symmetrically, relative to the cells, systems of narrow stripes of networks on optically transparent substrates on the opposite side of liquid crystal films (10), while the size of each cell deposited on optically transparent substrates of systems of narrow bands grids, determines the size of the aperture of microlenses formed in liquid crystal films (10) when applying potentials to the corresponding electrodes and can be, for example, 100 ... 200 μm x 100 ... 200 μm, in which under the action of control potentials around the perimeter of the cells optical anisotropy is formed, and accordingly, the transmitted radiation is scattered in the vertical and horizontal planes, providing maximum attenuation of the transmitted radiation.

Additionally, from the side of the liquid crystal film (10), narrow electrode systems (15) were introduced (Fig. 2a), separated from the first, from the electrode systems, in the form of sequences applied in parallel to, on optically transparent substrates, systems of narrow stripes of networks (Fig. 2a) , B, c) optically transparent, dielectric insulating film (12)

(Fig. 3).

 At the same time, with insufficiently intense blinding radiation, the signal processing and control system supplies control potentials only to the corresponding additional narrow electrodes (15), which form lens systems in specified filter zones, significantly

corresponding to cylindrical lenses scattering glare in a vertical plane, excluding this radiation from entering the driver’s neighboring eye. With an increase in the intensity of blinding radiation, the signal processing and control system connects to the operation of the system of electrodes, in the form of sequences applied in parallel, on optically transparent substrates, systems of narrow stripes of grids (14)

(Fig. 2a, b, c), changing the magnitude of the potential on them, depending on the intensity of the blinding radiation, which leads to its scattering and horizontal plane, thus increasing, if necessary, the scattering area to the maximum.

 And thus, for each of the orthogonal polarization components of the external optical filter passing through the filter

radiation, in the corresponding zones of the filter, when the external optical radiation exceeds a predetermined threshold at the radiation receivers, under the action of control potentials, lens systems are formed that are coordinated by means of an orientant with the corresponding

polarization component of radiation, cylindrical,

scattering radiation in a vertical plane, and / or substantially corresponding to spherical scattering radiation as in

both vertical and horizontal, providing

the maximum scattering (scattering area) of the glare radiation, and the inclined arrangement of the electrodes forming the mesh cells (Fig.2b), will allow to scatter most of the glare radiation at an angle to the horizontal plane, minimizing the penetration of scattered radiation into the neighboring eye.

At the same time, for each filter zone formed by the control potentials, which scatters external optical radiation exceeding a predetermined threshold, for each polarization component of this radiation, to the corresponding electrodes of liquid crystal films, the formation system supplies control potentials, the values of which can vary significantly, which will optimize the degree of scattering radiation exceeding a predetermined threshold both in the vertical and horizontal planes, and install the filter at various sizes melts from the radiation receiver, as well as when applying separate filters for each eye, for example, in goggles or a motorcyclist's visor, will provide effective, controlled scattering of all sources of glare radiation.

 Additionally, a system has been introduced that corrects, in the corresponding liquid crystal films (10), the radiation scattering angles,

exceeding a predetermined threshold in the horizontal plane, relative to the position of each pupil of the radiation driver’s eyes, taking into account the distance between the radiation receiver and the filter to exclude, if possible (when the glare radiation is not large enough), a part of the scattered glare radiation from the neighboring scattering zone can enter the pupil region.

 In this case, the sequential installation of systems controlled by electrodes of LCD films to scatter the polarizing components of the glare radiation, with the minimum thickness of the filter, will allow the weakening of glare radiation on the receiver (driver's eyes) 500 ... 1000 times or more.

Additionally, between the sequences of liquid crystal films (10) (Fig. 6), scattering the orthogonal polarization components of the radiation, when the control potentials are applied to the corresponding electrode systems, a matching polarization plane rotator (16) is introduced, which rotates the polarization plane of the radiation passing through it by 90 degrees, for matching the second, orthogonal polarization component of the transmitted radiation with the orientant, which orients the molecules of liquid crystals in them of the same type and can have the same parameters. In the initial state, in the absence of external glare, control potentials are not applied to the electrodes, in LCD films

There is no optical anisotropy and the filter is transparent.

 In the presence of external glare radiation and when it exceeds a predetermined threshold, the sensor / sensors for recording the intensity and directions of arrival of the polarization components of optical radiation (DFIN) (6) provides signals to at least one decision-making processor containing information on the polarization intensity

 components of external optical radiation, the spectral composition and direction of their arrival, which, in accordance with these data and data from the sensor of the position sensors in the space of external optical radiation receivers relative to the filter (DPP) (9), draws a (virtually) straight line in accordance with their coordinates between them line and determines the points or zones of passage of this line through the filter (3), and then through at least one control device distributes control signals between systems

electrodes (13,14,15), using, for example, the multiplex method or the active matrix addressing method using memory cells, so that on the way of the rays of external optical radiation to the radiation receivers - the eyes of the driver (4) of the vehicle molecules of the LCD film (10) in the corresponding zones of the UPRF-1 filter, under the influence of an electric field locally modulated by these signals, they change their orientation in space, and thus, the data of the filter zone (3) acquire optical anisotropy for one or both polar radiation components, and accordingly, the conditions for controlled scattering of external optical radiation are satisfied through the formed lenses (Fig. 5 ... Fig. 7), and the change

 potentials on the electrodes (13, 14, 15) forming the lens systems will lead to a controlled change in their focal length and

 respectively, the degree of scattering of glare radiation.

 In order to facilitate the operation of the device and significantly reduce the clock frequency of the control signals on the filter electrodes, it is possible to combine in the dynamics of the electrodes the zones or scattering zones into groups to which control signals are addressed, and which are updated, supplemented with new segments (points) or new ones appear zones, and also exclusion from groups of non-renewable segments or zones occurs, and, in addition, it will significantly reduce the requirements for the electrical conductivity of the electrodes.

 In addition, it contains a floating threshold installation system,

 which determines the average intensity of radiation reflected from the near surface of the road, which is, for example, 10 ... 15 meters from the vehicle, and the total illumination at a given time, in continuous mode, and the settings relative to its threshold of inclusion of the formation system in the specified zones of the filter systems lenses.

Figure 10 shows the near radiation zone, "A" is the road surface zone, according to the brightness of which, taking into account the general illumination, a support is set, relative to which the threshold of the system is protected from blinding, and, "B" is the receiving matrix zone (DFIN ) (6), which gives information about the level of the floating support - the averaged intensity of reflected radiation at a given time by the area “A” of the road surface, a system of protection against glare, which takes into account the adaptive characteristic of the driver’s eyes. In the dark, this area of the matrix receives the radiation of its own headlights reflected from the road surface at dusk, plus external, natural radiation, and in the daytime, mainly external, natural radiation.

 The DFIN can be performed using one color matrix, which is divided into two parts, in front of which there are input lenses, an attenuator controlled by a resolving device (RU), transmitting the orthogonal polarization components of external radiation, respectively, to different parts of the matrix, and possibly an auto diaphragm, or be performed on two matrices, in front of which the lens and attenuator are likewise mounted.

 A color matrix is necessary for identifying such signals as, for example, traffic signals, “stop” - signals of vehicles moving in front, etc., for which the filter should be transparent.

 As a signal level sensor, received from the reference zone, a separate photodetector can be used.

 Additionally, a manual adjustment of the threshold level can be introduced, for example, in wet weather. Perhaps the introduction of rain sensors, for

automatic adjustment of the threshold level, as well as ambient light sensors, and in difficult conditions, the brightness of oncoming radiation sources (headlights) is also analyzed.

 Ambient light sensors determine the integral brightness of the radiation in a cone with an angle, for example, 120 ... 160 degrees.

If necessary, information from the sensor (DFIN) can be entered into the storage device to monitor traffic conditions. To eliminate possible glare from the surface of the filter (3) from the driver's side (4), the filter is installed at an angle to the radiation passing through it (Figure 9), for example, at an angle of 30 degrees, relative to the vertical, and contains a light absorber that can be pulled out together with a filter located in such a way that radiation reflected from the surface of the filter from the driver’s side falls on it.

 To increase the transparency of the filter, the liquid crystal films (10), the orientant and the optically transparent dielectric substance, between which the liquid crystal films are enclosed, are optically matched with an antireflection coating.

 When installing the reflector of external optical radiation from the output side of the UPRF-1 filter (Fig. 7), it can be used on a vehicle as anti-glare side mirrors and rear-view mirrors, in which, similarly, under the influence of control potentials on electrode systems (13.14 , 15), in the filter zones specified by the processor (3) when the external optical radiation exceeds the threshold, lens systems with variable focal length are formed, scattering the transmitted radiation, which is reflected from the output side of the filter, and BL passes through the filter system (3), this radiation scattering, and optical radiation at intensities below the threshold passes through the filter (3) no change is reflected from the reflector (mirror) and extends toward the receiver optical radiation, the eyes of the driver (4).

 And similarly to the filter of FIG. 1, a change in the focal length of lens systems, through control potentials on the electrodes, will allow

adjust the intensity of radiation passing to the receiver (4). In this case, the signal processing and control system may be common for controlling mirror systems (Fig. 7) and for the filter of Fig. 1,

located in front of the driver’s eyes of the vehicle (4) in the front hemisphere.

The presented table 21 (for vehicles with the main beam on) shows the ratio of the brightness of the oncoming radiation source scattered by the filter with Kf = 10 ³ , where Kf is the coefficient of reduction in the brightness of the blinding radiation by the filter, to the brightness of the spot of the radiation of the headlights of the vehicle reflected from roads with d = 0.1, where Kd is the reflection coefficient of the roadway, for the scattering angles of light beams of the headlights of their own radiation - 10 degrees, and oncoming - 10 degrees, where Dc - distance in meters from the oncoming vehicle and Ds is the distance in meters to the spot reflected from the own road

radiation.

According to the table below, with maximum filter scattering, for example, Kf = 10 ³ , even in worse conditions - oncoming vehicles move with high beams on, drivers without being dazzled can view the road at a distance of more than 50 meters.

And when switching the headlights of vehicles from far to near, the beam lowers and illuminates the roadway at a distance of 50 ... 70 meters, while the brightness of the headlights practically remains the same and, accordingly, the brightness of the spot reflected from the roadway does not change significantly, but the brightness of the headlights of an oncoming vehicle, when they switch to the dipped beam, decreases by at least an order of magnitude - the headlight dazzles not with a direct beam, but with diffused light. Based on what, the magnitude of the ratio of brightness, sources of oncoming radiation and brightness the spots of intrinsic radiation reflected from the road given in the tables can be reduced by at least an order of magnitude.

 Additionally contains an average intensity sensor

 external optical radiation (1), for example, natural emitters and reflectors (sun, clouds, road, vegetation, etc.), natural illumination in the twilight time, which will optimize the work of the DFIN, changing the threshold level in relation to the adaptive characteristic of the driver’s eyes ( 4) to light.

 Additionally contains a spectral analyzer

 received external optical radiation (1), which can be used to analyze incoming information in order to exclude radiation scattering with useful and necessary information, for example, traffic signals of high brightness or other signals.

 If necessary, change the spectral composition of the received radiation contains a filter that corrects its spectrum.

 UPRF -1 built on this technology can be made thin enough, which will allow to build on its basis a lowering visor on a helmet, for example, a motorcyclist.

When using a filter in the form of a visor on a helmet or glasses, the control unit, the decision-making processor and other components can be brought outside their design into an external unit, for example, installed directly in the vehicle dashboard, and an automatic, two-way communication between them can carried out, for example, by radiation and reception of signals in the infrared or other frequency range, which will significantly reduce their weight, dimensions, and with autonomous power and reduce power consumption. In this case, the external unit may comprise a control panel for filter operation modes.

 To reduce reflections from the outer surfaces of the filter, they

 contain an antireflection coating, for example, Nippon Electric Glass film, which will achieve surface transparency within 99.5%.

 When using the filter UPRF -1 in harsh climates

 conditions, for example, a motorcyclist in the cold season, a system has been introduced to maintain the temperature of the filter (3) in the operating temperature range.

 Additionally, it contains a system that monitors the condition of the driver of the vehicle according to the movement of the eyelids and the direction of view, which is a very reliable and accurate measure to alert the driver of the vehicle about the possibility of uncontrolled sleep or

critical weakening of attention during movement.

Thus, the UPRF-1 filter passes losslessly polarized and non-polarized radiation to radiation receivers — pupils of the driver’s eyes of the vehicle (4) from any direction within a given viewing sector from the front hemisphere, and / or through the vehicle’s mirrors, if its intensity is below a predetermined threshold and at the same time scatters polarized and non-polarized radiation independently, from any direction within the specified viewing sector, if its intensity exceeds a predetermined threshold, and degree

scattering depends on the brightness of external optical radiation sources. Using the invention will allow:

To create a technologically advanced and efficient anti-glare scattering filter, with minimal losses, adaptive to sources of polarized and non-polarized radiation to significantly increase the safety of vehicles.

Table 1

LITERATURE.

1. US Patent 5.422.756. G 02 B 005/3, 05/18/1992

 2. RF Patent 2.077.069, C1, cl. 6 G02 C7 / 10, B60 J3 / 06, 04/10/1997

3. RF Patent 2.530.172, cl. 7G02B5 / 30, B60J3 / 06, May 20, 2013

 4. RF Patent 2.413.256, cl. 7G02B5 / 30, B60J3 / 06, September 7, 2009

 6. RF Patent 2.373.558, cl. G02F1 / 13, July 1, 2008

 7. Kamanina N.V., Vasiliev P.Ya. About the possibility of obtaining

 homeotropic orientation of nematic elements when using nanostructures. Letters to the ZhTF, 2009, vol. 35, issue 11, pp. 39-43.

 8. Study of the growth of conductive single- wall carbon nanotube films with ultra-high transparency

 Dachuan Shi, Daniel E. Resasco

 Chemical Physics Letters 511 (2011) 356-362.

9. High-resistance liquid-crystal lens array for rotatable 2D / 3D autostereoscopic display.

 Yu-Cheng Chang, Tai-Hsiang Jen, Chih-Hung Ting, and Yi-Pai Huang *

Department of Photonics & Institute of Electro-Optical Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan.

2014 Optical Society of America.

Claims

CLAIM.  A controlled anti-glare scattering filter -1, containing sequentially installed optically transparent systems with using an optically transparent dielectric substance - thin optically transparent substrates and sequences liquid crystal films, the opposite surfaces of which have a system of electrodes, the direction of which on one surface differs from the direction of their location on another surface, and the surface of the optically transparent dielectric substance - thin optically transparent substrates contain orientants, as well as containing a signal processing and control system including at least one sensor for recording the intensity and directions of arrival of the polarizing components of external optical radiation, passing through the filter to the receivers of external optical radiation, at least one decision-making processor, at least one position sensor in the space of the external optical receivers radiation relative to the filter, and at least one system formation, the output of which the control potentials are distributed between the electrode systems of the respective liquid crystal films to locally change the properties of the zones specified by at least one decision-making processor, while the molecules of the liquid crystal films of the filter having an initial orientation in which external optical radiation passes unhindered through them, and located in the zones of passage through the filter to the receivers of external optical radiation, the intensity of which exceeds given by the sensor for fixing the intensity and directions of arrival of polarizing components external optical radiation threshold, under the influence of control potentials on the corresponding electrode systems, form by one of the orientants in one, or in part, or in all sequentially installed liquid crystal films, spatial optical anisotropy, scattering radiation passing through the filter, characterized in that at least one irradiator operating in the optical or infrared range is introduced, and, in addition, on one side of each of the liquid crystal films, the electrode systems are made in the form of sequences parallel to one of the surfaces of optically transparent substrates, between which liquid crystal films are enclosed, systems of narrow stripes of networks, and, on the opposite side of each liquid crystal film, in a direction that differs from the direction of the arrangement of the electrode systems on another surface, for example, orthogonally, are systems of wide, optically transparent electrodes or electrode systems, in the form of sequences in parallel, deposited on optically transparent substrates, systems of narrow stripes of meshes whose cells located opposite, symmetrically, relative to the cells, systems of narrow stripes of networks on optically transparent substrates on the opposite side of the liquid crystal films, while the size of each cell deposited on optically transparent substrates of systems of narrow stripes of networks determines the size of the aperture of microlenses formed in the liquid crystal films when applied to the corresponding electrodes of control potentials.  2. The filter according to claim 1, characterized in that from liquid crystal film; narrow systems are additionally introduced electrodes, separated from the first by an optically transparent, dielectric insulating film.  3. The filter according to claim 1 or claim 2, characterized in that a system is introduced that corrects the angles of scattering of radiation in the corresponding liquid crystal films that exceed a predetermined threshold in the horizontal plane, taking into account the distance between the radiation receiver and the filter.  4. The filter according to claim 1 or claim 2, characterized in that between  by sequences of liquid crystal films scattering the orthogonal polarization components of radiation, when control potentials are applied to the corresponding electrode systems, a matching rotator of the plane of polarization is introduced, and the orientation in them, while orienting the liquid crystal molecules in the same way.  5. The filter according to claim 1 or claim 2, characterized in that it contains a system for setting a floating threshold, which determines the average  the intensity of the radiation from the near zone reflected by the road surface and the total illumination at a given time, and calculates, in accordance with this, and taking into account the adaptive characteristics of the driver’s eyes, the threshold for activating the formation system in the specified zones of the optical anisotropy filter.  6. The filter according to claim 1 or claim 2, characterized in that the filter is installed at an angle to the transmitted radiation, and contains a light absorber,  located in such a way that reflected from it falls on it  filter surface on the driver side radiation. 7. The filter according to claim 1 or claim 2, characterized in that, the liquid crystal films, orientant and optically transparent dielectric substance, between which liquid crystal films are enclosed, optically matched to minimize the loss of transmitted radiation.  8. The filter according to claim 1 or claim 2, characterized in that the output side contains a reflector of external optical radiation.  9. The filter according to claim 1 or claim 2, characterized in that it contains a sensor for evaluating the average intensity of external optical radiation.  10. The filter according to claim 1 or claim 2, characterized in that it contains an analyzer of the spectral composition of the received external optical radiation.  11. The filter according to claim 1 or claim 2, characterized in that it contains a filter that corrects the spectrum of transmitted external optical radiation.  12. The filter according to claim 1 or claim 2, characterized in that it is made in the form of glasses and contains a case of glasses and an external unit, while some of the nodes of the signal processing and control system are installed in the case of glasses, and the other part, having a greater weight, dimensions and power consumption are installed in the external unit and a two-way channel is introduced between them automatic communication.  13. The filter according to claim 1 or claim 2, characterized in that the outer surfaces have an antireflection coating.  14. The filter according to claim 1 or claim 2, characterized in that it contains a system for maintaining the temperature of the filter in the operating range.  15. The filter according to claim 1 or claim 2, characterized in that it contains a system that monitors the condition of the driver of the vehicle.